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Question: You 2.0: Check Yourself

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Given ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Swim around enough in the oceanic photo archives of the Library of Congress and you will spot some strange things — including old doctored photos of two-headed humans and a man-monster superimposition. But perhaps nothing as bizarre as this photo — labeled General Grant at City Point. Look at it closely. Notice anything amiss? The photo is a composite shot of several pictures — pieced together for effect more than 100 years ago. A faux photo fashioned long before Photoshop, which was introduced in the late 1980s. According to the library, "this photograph is a montage or composite of several images and does not actually show General Ulysses S. Grant at City Point." Notes on the photo explain that the scene was concocted — perhaps by L.C. Handy circa 1902 — from a trio of photos. Call numbers of the prints are provided, so we can reconstruct the deed. Or misdeed, depending on your sensibilities. The head comes from a June 1864 portrait of Union leader Grant standing next to a tree in Cold Harbor, Va. The horse and the rider\'s body were borrowed from a July 1864 photo of Maj. Gen. Alexander McDowell McCook. And the setting can be found in this 1864 photo of Confederate prisoners who were captured in the battle of Fisher\'s Hill, Va., and put under Union guard. Negative Development The "extravagantly fictitious fusion" was featured in Faking It: Manipulated Photography Before Photoshop, a companion book to a 2012-2013 Metropolitan Museum of Art trick-photography exhibit. According to the book, the probable photo magician was Levin Corbin Handy, a Washington, D.C., photographer who was an apprentice to — and nephew of — legendary 19th century photographer Mathew Brady. When Brady died in 1896, Handy inherited a cache of negatives from his studio and began "producing new prints from the negatives and licensing images to various publications. To satisfy the steady demand for heroic images of the war fought by the fathers and grandfathers of his turn-of-the-century clientele, he also invented new pictures that casually blurred the line between historical fact and fiction." Brady had spent a fortune "sending teams of photographers to the battlefields, trusting that the public would buy prints of Civil War scenes, and that the U.S. government would recognize their historic value and purchase the negatives," says William B. Becker, creator of the online American Museum of Photography. Unfortunately, "it was only during the final years of Brady\'s life," Becker says, "that Civil War veterans had enough distance from the death and devastation and the horrors of America\'s deadliest war for the photographs to become commercially viable." And what would Uncle Mathew — known to have tampered with a photo himself now and then — have thought of nephew Handy\'s handiwork? "My guess is he would have preferred one of the many great portraits of Grant taken in his own studio or by his camera operators in the field," Becker says. "The Handy composite shows nearby soldiers disrespectfully turning their backs on their commanding general. A sentry and groups of soldiers a short distance away gaze off towards nothing in particular or chat idly, rather than gathering around to watch the spectacle of a high-ranking military leader posing for posterity." Some composites, Becker adds, "manage to preserve the ring of truth that makes authentic photographs compelling. This one violates our understanding of human nature."  Follow me @NPRHistoryDept; lead me by writing lweeks@npr.org'], a positive would be ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'A Very Weird Photo Of Ulysses S. Grant']

Surgeon Atul Gawande still remembers the operation years ago that went catastrophically wrong. He was removing a tumor from the adrenal gland of a patient he refers to as Mr. Hagerman. Gawande had performed this procedure dozens of times before. But this case was particularly tricky. Mr. Hagerman's tumor was behind his liver, nestled tightly against an important blood vessel known as the vena cava. Gawande was almost done when all of a sudden, he nicked the blood vessel. "I ended up creating a hole in the vena cava, which meant that he then pretty quickly lost his entire blood volume into his abdomen. Complete blackout on the screen...and utter chaos," he recalled. Gawande took the man's heart in his hand and began compressing it to keep blood flowing to his brain. "I mean, he lost basically ten times his body volume in blood. But we were able to give him enough blood to keep his circulation going. He had a cardiac arrest twice. We were finally able to repair the hole in the vena cava, get the tumor out, and have him recover," he said. It was a happy ending, and, at first blush, a textbook case of medical heroics. A doctor makes a mistake, but he fixes it, taking a heart into his bare hands and squeezing life back into his patient's body.  But skill and brainpower were not the reason Mr. Hagerman survived. Gawande says what actually saved his patient's life was a plan the surgical team had made before they began the surgery. This plan wasn't grand or complicated. In fact, it was a humble checklist.  "And what happened was...when we ran the checklist, when we got to the part where we said, 'What's the goal of the operation and tell me anything unexpected about this,' I mentioned to the anesthesiologist that this tumor was pretty tightly against the vena cava. The anesthesiologist then prepared to get more blood into the room, just in case."  Today on Hidden Brain, we'll go inside the operating room with Gawande to explore the subtle biases that cause very smart and very skilled people to become their own worst enemies.  Read More: "A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population," New England Journal of Medicine, 2009. "Mortality Trends After a Voluntary Checklist-based Surgical Safety Collaborative," Annals of Surgery, 2017. "An Intervention to Decrease Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the ICU," New England Journal of Medicine, 2006. "Outcomes of a Coaching-Based WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Program in India," New England Journal of Medicine, 2017.  Hidden Brain is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Jennifer Schmidt, Rhaina Cohen, Parth Shah, Thomas Lu, Laura Kwerel, and Adhiti Bandlamudi. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can also follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain.

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May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


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Question: Coronavirus Affected Everything — Including The Words Of 2020

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NPR's Don Gonyea speaks with Ben Zimmer, a linguist and columnist for The Wall Street Journal, about the words of the year.

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Stories: 1) Our Digital Lives, Monitored By A Hidden 'Numerati' 2) Michael Cera, Making The Perfect 'Playlist' 3) Newman Reflects On An Acting (And Active) Life


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Question: New Live Concerts Podcast

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This is just a brief program note to let you know about our new All Songs Considered live concert podcast.  We've just launched it with a performance by Nickel Creek.  Subscribe to the concerts podcast for access to all the past live shows, including Spoon, The New Pornographers, the Yeah Yeah Yeahs and more.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Blood Donors In Short Supply Amid Mexico Drug War

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Blood is in high demand in Mexican hospitals these days. The terrible drug violence means more patients in emergency rooms with life-threatening injuries like gunshot wounds that require blood transfusions. But the blood donation system in Mexico is dysfunctional: In many cases, patients or their loved ones are responsible for seeking out their own donors. Several years ago, Martin Gomez's mother became sick. He took her to a hospital in the Mexican border city of Juarez, where doctors determined she was bleeding internally and needed a transfusion. But there was a problem: no blood. His mother was O negative, one of the rarest blood types. Hospital staff told Gomez it was up to him to find the blood. "They told me, 'You go find it,' " Gomez says. "And I said, 'What do you mean find it? Where?' " He was told to call other hospitals, he says. "I had to get a phone book and start calling the hospitals and ask for the blood bank and then ask, 'Do you have a unit of O negative?' And every hospital said no." A Struggle For Change In Chihuahua Gomez was desperate. He began calling TV and radio stations, imploring them to broadcast a plea asking people with O negative to come donate blood. Only one person came. So Gomez crossed the border into El Paso, Texas, and went to a nonprofit blood bank, where he finally found the blood his mother needed. Then he had to smuggle it back into Mexico. After a two-week struggle, Gomez's mother died. Seven years later, Gomez now works for that same blood bank in El Paso — United Blood Services, a nonprofit organization that delivers blood to U.S. hospitals. "Because of what happened to her is the reason why I work here," he says. Gomez is in charge of recruiting volunteer donors at United Blood Services. But in Mexico, every hospital collects its own blood. Patients or relatives must find donors to replace the blood they use, and Gomez says it's a broken system. "It's something that I wish one day could stop — that blood is not dependable on people donating last moment," he says. So Gomez has been instrumental in helping a blood bank at a hospital in northern Mexico make that change. Dr. Alfonso Avitia heads the Chihuahua State Blood Transfusion Center, about four hours south of the border. He says that fewer than 3 percent of Mexicans donate blood voluntarily. Thanks in part to training and equipment donations from Gomez and United Blood Services, the city of Chihuahua now has the highest percentage of volunteer donors in the country — about 28 percent. Making Progress On a recent afternoon, Avitia drives an old Nissan sedan to the small town of Delicias, where an event almost unheard of in Mexico is taking place: a blood donation campaign. The campaign is held outdoors on a university campus. The mood feels festive. Students who have donated sit under tents and socialize while others sit quietly outside the donation truck waiting their turn. Pablo Gonzalez, 20, is one of those donating blood for the first time. "I'm going to give some blood to the people who need it," he says. Sixty-five students showed up to donate, and that makes Avitia proud. With all the drug-related violence going on in Chihuahua, Avitia says they've had to increase their stock by about 15 percent. Reforming the donation system now is more important than ever. "The community must realize that they are responsible for providing their own blood supply," Avitia says. His goal is to create a regional blood bank supplied by volunteer donors across the state. There has been progress — with the exception of in Ciudad Juarez, the largest and most violent city in the state. Hospitals in Juarez have yet to agree on a unified plan. Meanwhile, blood banks struggle to keep their up their supplies. MELISSA BLOCK, Host:  Our story comes from KJZZ's Monica Ortiz Uribe of the public media collaboration Fronteras. MONICA ORTIZ URIBE: During a Fourth of July weekend a few years ago, Martin Gomez's mother became sick. He took her to a hospital in the Mexican border city of Juarez, where doctors determined she was bleeding internally and needed a transfusion. But there was a problem: no blood. His mother was O negative, one of the rarest blood types. Hospital staff told Gomez it was up to him to find the blood. MARTIN GOMEZ: I had to go get a phonebook and start calling the hospitals and then ask for the blood bank and then ask, do you have a unit of O negative? And every hospital said no. ORTIZ URIBE: After a two-week struggle, Gomez's mother passed away. Seven years later, Gomez now works for United Blood Services in El Paso. GOMEZ: Because of what happened to her is the reason why I work here. ORTIZ URIBE: Gomez is in charge of recruiting volunteer donors. United Blood Services delivers the blood to U.S. hospitals, but in Mexico, every hospital collects their own blood. Patients or relatives must find donors to replace the blood they use. Gomez says it's a broken system. GOMEZ: It's something that I wish one day can stop,

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- North Korea Conducts Fifth Nuclear Test. -- After Cable Cars Got Stuck In The Alps, Dozens Spent Night Suspended In Midair. -- Tray Tables Stowed, Seat Backs Upright - And Galaxy Note 7s Off, Please. And here are more early headlines: Trump Slams U.S. Policy On Russian Backed TV Network. (Wall Street Journal) Deaths Reported In Spanish Train Derailment. (Telegraph) Controversial Pesticide To Be Used In Florida To Fight Zika. (WSVN) North Dakota National Guard Activated Ahead Of Pipeline Ruling. (Reuters) Marine Corps Investigating Hazing, Suicide Of Recruit. (The State) Relief Agencies Warn Nigeria Faces Famine Due To Boko Haram. (AP) Kansas Man Robs Bank To Go To Jail And Avoid Wife. (Washington Post)


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Question: Mapping The Journey Of Classic Works Of Art

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Mapping Paintings is an open source website that allows users to map out the path and history of a piece of art. Scott Simon talks with Jodi Cranston, professor of art history at Boston University.

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Stories: 1) 'Inside' A Backup Singer's Journey To Center Stage 2) The Lyrics And Legacy Of Stephen Foster 3) A Rich Satire About Street Art, Or Is It A Hoax?


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Question: What Don't You Talk About With Your Mom?

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The most immediately useful question I think I can answer about What My Mother and I Don't Talk About is whether you should buy it for your mother for Mother's Day. After all, it will hit your local bookstore's display at the start of May, just the time of year when you smack your forehead and go, "Ah, shoot, right, Mother's Day." And it seems designed to be eminently giftable — attractively neon colored, not intimidatingly thick, broken into 15 read-in-a-sitting essays. So my best answer to the question of whether you should gift this to your mom is, "Sure, if you don't mind having some uncomfortable conversations." That's not an insult, by any means. It's more a caution to the unsuspecting reader who might think a title like What My Mother and I Don't Talk About promises tales of tough topics broached, conversations had, relationships restored and hugs all around while the violins swell. Chicken Soup for the Soul this ain't. There's a lot of pain in this book — ranging from the simple yearning to know Mom better to the trauma of abuse and addiction — and the tales come from a diverse, accomplished array of writers. Nevertheless, in the interest of summarizing, there are four main topics that these writers aren't talking about with their mothers: terrible things their moms endured, terrible things the writers endured, what their moms were like before they were moms and the ways their moms failed to be good moms. Among these essays, there are some true standouts, like Carmen Maria Machado's matter-of-fact explanation of why she and her mother no longer talk and how it weighs on her own decision about having children. Another is Nayomi Munaweera's journey of figuring out that her mother has a mental illness. Or Dylan Landis' maddening, decades-spanning curiosity about whether her mother — pre-motherhood — had a relationship with a painter she occasionally talks about. But then, this is a collection of essays. And the question is why they should be bundled together and read as a unit, rather than as articles randomly encountered in magazines or online. Part of the answer is the questions that these essays together raise. Chief among them: What makes the mother-child bond so unique that it should get a full book? As a friend asked me when I told him about this book: "What about a book called What My Father and I Don't Talk About?" "I think the answer to that for most people is 'everything,' " I responded. I was joking — but not quite. We heap loads of expectations onto parents, but for mothers more than fathers — at least, in contemporary American society — many of those expectations center on comfort and emotional attachment. And so this book is about people seeking that comfort and attachment. It's an accounting of the wide variety of roadblocks that get in the way of that bond that we are told, via Hallmark movies and schlocky songs and cutesy cross-stitchings, is sacred and therefore effortless. The writers in this book do not necessarily find that bond sacred, and they certainly don't find it effortless. And while some eventually do connect better with Mom, some just don't, and they write affectingly about coming to terms with that. Reading the book is to take the sacred mother-child ideal down from its pedestal and inspect it, dissect it, run tests on it, muck it up a bit. At its broadest level, this book is about the soul-rattling realization that despite often having the astronomically best of intentions, our mothers still mess up — sometimes in life-altering ways. It's about how, despite our love or desperate need for them, we mess things up too. And it's also about the gut punch that happens when some children are forced to legitimately wonder just how good their mothers' intentions ever were. But then, it's about how much more livable those relationships might be if someone just said those three magical words. Those words are not "I love you" but, rather, "Are you OK?" Or, even more difficult: "Hey — I'm hurting." As it turns out, in a relationship where love is so often implied, so much else still needs saying.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Rosa Parks 'Helped Change America,' Obama Says At Statue Dedication

With words of high praise from Republicans and Democrats, the nation's leaders on Wednesday dedicated a statue of civil rights icon Rosa Parks — a statue that now stands in the U.S. Capitol "where many fought to prevent a day like this," House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, said. President Obama said of Parks that she was "a seamstress slight in stature but mighty in courage" who lived a life "of dignity and grace." She "helped change America and change the world," Obama said of the African-American woman who in 1955 refused to move to the back of a segregated bus in Montgomery, Ala., and with that simple act encouraged others to stand up against racial prejudice. House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., praised Parks' "quiet strength, pride and dignity." Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said she is a "national hero." Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., said those who pass by her statue can "look up and draw strength from [her] stillness." The president ended his remarks by saying "we do well by placing a statue of her here. ... We can do no greater honor to her memory than to carry forward the power of her principle and [her] courage born of conviction." According to Boehner's office, this is the first statue of an African-American woman to be placed in the Capitol as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. President George W. Bush signed legislation in 2005 that directed Congress to add a statue of Parks to the Capitol's collection. Parks, who would have turned 100 this month, died in 2005.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Fed Watchers Expect Short-Term Interest Rates To Rise Soon. -- An Obama-Backed Change At Voice Of America Has Trump Critics Worried. -- A Year Later, Unfiltered Flint Tap Water Is Still Unsafe To Drink. And here are more early headlines: Evacuation Of Civilians Delayed In Aleppo; Fighting Resumes. (Telegraph) Trump To Meet With Tech Industry Leaders Today. (Recode) Dangerous Wind Chills Persist In Upper Plains. (Weather.gov) Philippines President Says He Killed Suspects To Show Police. (Guardian) Actor Alan Thicke Dies; Starred On "Growing Pains". (Los Angeles Times) National Film Registry Adds "Thelma And Louise", "Lion King", Others. (Variety) On 4th Anniversary Of Sandy Hook Shootings, 15 Minutes Of Silence. (AP)


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Question: Southwest Airlines To Offer (Inflict?) Live Music On Select Flights

Picture it. You've just settled in for your flight, ordered yourself a glass of wine. All of a sudden, your moment of plane zen is interrupted by a guitar. As in a band, on your plane, playing music.

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It's Friday, and we're following these stories: Real-Life Horror: Many Killed, Dozens Wounded At Colorado Movie Theater. Syrian Intelligence Official Dies From Damascus Bombing; 4th Assad Aide To Perish. (Reuters) Syria Denies Russian Envoy's Statement That Assad Ready To Step Down. (RiaNovosti) European Finance Ministers Prepared To Offer Spain Bailout Loan. (Irish Times) Russian Police Arrest 4 In Murders Of Russian Muslim Leaders. (BBC) Non-Muslims In Saudi Arabia Must Observe Ramadan Fasting Traditions, Or Leave. (AP) South Korea Increases Readiness After North Korea Shakes Up Military Leadership. (VOA) Viacom, DirecTV Settle Fee Dispute; 17 Darkened Channels Will Be Restored. (CNET) Racial Profiling Case Against Arizona Sheriff Opens In Federal Court. (Los Angeles Times) Australia Reviews Travel Policies After Male Olympic Basketball Players Fly In Business Class While Women Take Economy. (Sydney Morning Herald)


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U.S. Soldier Attacks Own Command Post

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A sergeant in the 101st Airborne Division attacked the 101st's Combat Command Center, killing one and injuring 16, including the brigade commander. NPR's Liane Hansen speaks with embedded reporter John Laurence.

Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Hollywood Gentrified

For a long time Hollywood Boulevard has held a certain mystique as a star-studded glam central. But for many years now the reality was more gritty than ritzy. Now, an ambitious redevelopment project is restoring the luster to the area. And while much of the change is a welcomed, some local artists say the area is losing some of its soul. From KPCC, Adolfo Guzman Lopez has more.

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Coming Out From Life Under 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'

Anthony Woods joined the U.S. Army when he was 18, and for him, the whole thing just clicked. "I was deeply satisfied with what I was doing, and it felt like a calling. And I knew that then, and I knew that the day I was kicked out," Woods says. Woods is one of the thousands of American service members who have been discharged for being gay since the "don't ask, don't tell" policy was put into place in 1993. He now lives in Virginia, just a couple of miles from the Pentagon, in an apartment he shares with his boyfriend. Above his front door hangs a simple Christian cross. On the living room walls hang posters with British military slogans from World War II. One reads, "Freedom Is in Peril -- Defend It with All Your Might," and another, "Keep Calm and Carry On." Woods says that while he was sure about his career path, his sexuality was something far more confusing. He tried to date girls, but it never worked out. By the time he got to West Point for college, he knew. "I recognized and I understood who I was. I knew I was different. I knew I was gay, and I knew the military didn't allow that. So I knew that would be a problem," Woods says. Serving In The Closet His solution was to just ignore it and bury himself in work. Ultimately that meant deploying to Iraq, first in 2004 and again in 2005. Woods says in many ways life there was easier. "Because nobody asks you questions about why you're single when you're deployed. Because everyone's sort of single, you know. Everyone is away from their significant other. You're not being asked, 'Hey, let's go out to a bar.' Your friends aren't setting you up on a date," Woods says. Woods refrained from having any romantic relationships when he was in the Army, which he found a major challenge of living under don't ask, don't tell. "Some people make the choice of ... [being] secretive. ... They're going to try to hide a significant other. ... I was even more paranoid and said that ... I don't want to do anything to risk jeopardizing my career in the military," Woods says. Honoring The Code That changed when Woods got out from under the direct gaze of the military and went to graduate school. The Army offered to pay half of Woods' tuition at Harvard  University. Under the terms of the grant, the student would have to pay back the tuition money if he or she was discharged from the military under don't ask, don't tell. Woods' plan was to get a master's degree so he could then teach at his alma mater, West Point. But he started thinking about the school's strict honor code: "A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do." "I realized that if I'm standing in front of this classroom of ... cadets ... if I'm standing up in front of them and lying, I'm not living up to that code," Woods says. So he started coming out to friends and family. He started dating men. And he finally decided to tell his commanding officer, after much second-guessing. "I second-guessed myself for six months. I mean, that was one of the most excruciating, agonizing decisions I have ever made in my entire life. Because I knew everything that I would be giving up," Woods says. And he was right. The Army launched an investigation and ultimately discharged him. And that meant he would be forced to pay back to the Army $38,000 in tuition money. Most of his friends in the military were supportive, but not all. One close friend -- Woods was a groomsman at his wedding -- accused Woods of lying on purpose, and he published his comments online. "This guy ... essentially said ... 'Tony Woods is a fraud. You need to question his integrity. ... He's cheating the taxpayers. He's cheating the system.' It was like a punch to the stomach," Woods says. The Hard Part Woods may be out of the Army, but he is still engaged in the debate about gays in the military. He has heard the public concerns of military and civilian groups that repealing don't ask, don't tell would erode unit cohesion and would be too disruptive especially during a time of war. He has also heard the concerns that some service members express in private. "[Some imply] that they're going to be getting leered at in the showers and that they're going to have to room with some flamboyant person who's going to try to force themselves upon them, and it's absolute nonsense," Woods says. After his discharge, Woods ran for U.S. Congress in California. He lost, but the experience whetted his appetite for politics. Now he's working for a community service nonprofit in Washington,  D.C., and he collaborates with groups trying to repeal don't ask, don't tell. Woods says that ultimately he's comfortable with his decision to come out. "There's no more internal struggle. There's no more internal arguments. ... I am happy. I am satisfied with life in a very different way," Woods says. He's just not in the military. And that, Woods says, is the hard part. POST: Now, since the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy was put into place in 1993, thousands of U.S. service m

Stories: 1) Actor Peter Fonda, Headed West to 'Yuma' 2) What Part of 'Smart Aleck' Don't You Understand?


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Question: When Old School Was New: Nas' 'It Ain't Hard To Tell'

Since the heyday of hip-hop, one man has been broadcasting the music videos, the culture and the people in the community all throughout New York City. His name is Ralph McDaniels, and his show, which has aired on public television since 1984, is called Video Music Box. McDaniels knows everybody. He and his company, Classic Concepts Video Productions, made music videos for musicians like the Notorious B.I.G., Public Enemy and Wu-Tang. Legendary music video director Hype Williams got his start at Classic Concepts. The man widely known as Uncle Ralph has stories we want to share, so occasionally on The Record he'll pick a classic video and take us behind the scenes. Today we go back to 1994, just before the release of Nas' ground-breaking, career-making debut album, Illmatic. The second single from it was "It Ain't Hard To Tell". Illmatic is now considered a classic — a masterwork of story-telling, lyricism and beat-making. By the time it was released, in April of 1994, word of Nas' skills had spread all over the music industry. "It was such an anticipated album, and he delivered," says McDaniels. "It was like Derek Jeter — 'I know he's gonna get the hit' — and he hit it out the park with that album." In the early to mid-'90s hip-hop was at a creative peak, as regional styles were maturing and bleeding into each other. Rappers from New York, who had become used to critical and commercial supremacy based on their lyrical prowess, were confronting the force of California gangsta funk and the seduction of Southern gothic tales. The narratives in hip-hop songs made in the Rotten Apple then turned darker; the sonics were nostalgic and mournful. "I call it street corner rap," McDaniels says. "It's definitely crack-era rap, too. He's talking about all of the little moves: the boosters coming with the Gucci and selling you stuff, girls setting you up in the club. All of the things that are happening, it's not fantasized — it's all real in Illmatic." "We weren't trying to make it hardcore in any way."  The winter before Illmatic was due to be released, executives from Nas' record label asked McDaniels to make a video package they could send around the media to drum up coverage of the album. The shoot went so well, the 20-year-old Nas asked McDaniels to direct his upcoming video. Ralph McDaniels: "Nas is from Queensbridge. Nas approached [his record label] Sony and said, 'Look, I want to get this guy Ralph McDaniels who does this show Video Music Box to do a press kit for me. I want him to come to the projects and talk to my friends and all that kind of stuff.' "So I went out to Queensbridge projects — I was familiar with the area, been out there before. Marley Marl, from the Juice Crew, is from out there. I went to LaGuardia Community College, which is not too far away from there in Long Island City, so I definitely was familiar with the neighborhood. "I had been familiar with Nas, and he had a big buzz. It was probably the biggest buzz in New York City about this guy named Nas — Nasty Nas, or whatever they called him at the time. So I went to Queensbridge. I got up with him. We shot some stuff with his mom, with his brother, who was also in another group, and we began talking about his project. "We got all his producers together that were on Illmatic. It was Large Professor, who was the original guy to really work with Nas, and he's also a Queens resident. Q-Tip, another Queens guy who just knew that he had to work with this guy Nas 'cause he had heard some of his lyrics. Pete Rock — classic artist. Pete Rock and CL Smooth made some great, classic albums. L.E.S., who is Nas' DJ and also his friend from the neighborhood. He put some tracks down. DJ Premier. I had worked with him on Gang Starr projects and was good friends with him as well. "Sony got them to come to Sony Studios, and we did interviews there. And then we started doing this press kit. And it came out so natural because Nas said, 'This is what I want. I want it to feel like when I'm at home watching Video Music Box.' Guys just talked like they were talking to their friends. It was very natural, the conversation. The press kit was very real. It was real comments about Nas; it wasn't overhyping it, or anything like that. It was how they really felt about Nas. "So that went so well that they said to me a day later, or two days later, 'Ralph, can you do a video for the first single for Nas, "It Ain't Hard To Tell"?' And I said, 'Sure! Yeah, I'd love to do it.'"  McDaniels and his crew shot the video all over New York — just nowhere in Queens. Viewers from outside the city assumed that the scenery in the video was Nas' neighborhood. But, for good reason, they were wrong. "I went and talked with Nas about it, and he said to me, 'I don't want to shoot in Queensbridge.' I said, 'Alright, that's fine.' I've dealt with that before with artists. They may have some beef at the time in their own neighborhood — they really don't want to get embarrassed. You know, bring

Stories: 1) How 'Reckless' Greed Contributed To Financial Crisis 2) Raphael Saadiq: Paying Homage To Soul's Past And Future


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Question: Pandemic DIY Projects Help Construction Materials Industry Flourish

Americans have launched a surge of DIY projects during the pandemic, transforming their homes and yards — and causing shortages of treated lumber and other supplies.

State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Question: Joe Miller's On-The-Job Political Chicanery Detailed

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Now that details are emerging about what Republican U.S. Senate candidate Joe Miller from Alaska did when he worked in the legal department of an Alaska municipality, it's obvious why he didn't want them made public. At a minimum, they're embarrassing. At worst, they could help lose him the election. What's still a mystery, however, is why someone with such damaging information in his recent background would run for high public office in the first place. Miller, who has the backing of the Tea Party and former Gov. Sarah Palin, has recently said he was naive to believe that his personal life could remain private as he ran for office. That's probably putting it mildly. Read More Among the details the Anchorage Daily News is reporting is that once he was caught in 2008 misusing his co-workers' computers to vote in an on-line political poll, he lied repeatedly about what he had done. The ADN reports Miller eventually owned up to the lies in an email to the attorney for the Fairbanks North Star Borough. An excerpt from the story:  "I lied about accessing all of the computers. I then admitted about accessing the computers, but lied about what I was doing. Finally, I admitted what I did," Miller wrote in a March 17, 2008, e-mail to Fairbanks North Star Borough Attorney Rene Broker. Miller's admission and a disciplinary letter were among his employee records released by the Fairbanks North Star Borough on Tuesday as a result of a lawsuit by media organizations. Miller initially fought release of the documents, but state Superior Court Judge Winston Burbank ordered most of the records sought to be released, and Miller decided not to appeal to the Alaska Supreme Court.  As the ADN further reports, Miller's use of different government computers to vote in the on-line poll was his attempt to unseat the chair of the state's Republican Party, a plain act of politicking with tax-payer funded equipment. The latest polls show Miller essentially tied with fellow Republican, Sen. Lisa Murkowski, who he beat in the GOP primary to earn the rignt to represent the party against Democrat Scott McAdams, the mayor of Sitka. Murkowski is running as a write-in candidate which seemed like a quixotic venture until a series of missteps by Miller and the information about his personnel problems somewhat deflated his candidacy. Just how much air was let out we'll only know for sure next Tuesday.

Stories: 1) Candidates' Prescriptions for Health Care Reform 2) Mark McKinney's Outrageous Comic Fortune


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Question: Why Does Vladimir Putin Walk With So Much Swagger?

Russian President Vladimir Putin has been under scrutiny recently, but not for the reasons you may suspect. As NPR's Scott Simon notes, this time it's for his unusual gait.

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Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: California State University vs. Its Faculty

This morning's first hour explores issues driving the contract impasse between the California State University system and its faculty.

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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Bert Jansch On World Cafe

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British folk musician Bert Jansch died in October 2011, about 10 months after recording this interview with World Cafe. A founding member of the folk-jazz-blues band Pentangle, along with fellow guitarist John Renbourn, Jansch was one of the most influential players of the '60s, though he never became hugely well-known. His finger-style acoustic playing combined blues licks with folk styles. It was so unusual that both Neil Young and Led Zeppelin's Jimmy Page have publicly hailed Jansch as a genius. Page adapted one of the pieces Jansch plays on this installment of Vintage Cafe, "Blackwaterside," into Led Zeppelin's "Black Mountain Side." Jansch had already been battling cancer (which was originally diagnosed in 2009) at the time of this interview.

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A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: A Reporter's Experience Reporting On The US Capitol Siege

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Here & Now‘s Peter O’Dowd speaks with Colorado Public Radio reporter Caitlyn Kim, who was on the ground in Washington, D.C., Wednesday as pro-Trump insurrectionists breached the Capitol building. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Stories: 1) Human Trafficking Revealed In 'The Snakehead' 2) Journalist Reports On The Situation In Afghanistan


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Question: Spinach and Greens Growers Work to Meet Safety Standards

Last week, a California health official said investigators have traced the source of last fall's E. coli outbreak in spinach. It now appears that the source was not the Salinas Valley, which had previously been blamed, but neighboring San Benito County. Still, as their spring growing season begins, most California farmers are rushing to put in plance new food safety measures that were written by the leafy greens industry and will be enforced by state regulators. But dueling government edicts have growers confused and frustrated.

Citrus Growers Peg Losses at Over $800 Million. Regulators Hit Up Retailers for Pesticide Fees. End Music.


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Question: Remembering Pat Conroy, Who Mined Fiction From Family History

Pat Conroy died on Friday at the age of 70. His family history led to much of his fiction, including his acclaimed novel “The Great Santini.” In 2013, he published his memoir titled “The Death of Santini: The Story of a Father and His Son.” Here & Now’s Robin Young spoke with him about his memoir. Today we revisit that conversation.
Transcript of the original interview & an excerpt of “The Death of Santini”

Guest

Pat Conroy, author of books including “The Great Santini,” “The Prince of Tides” and “The Death of Santini.”

Stories: 1) John Waters: A Bad Influence Picks His 'Role Models' 2) Summer Titles That Will Transport You Into The Past 3) Elizabeth Cook: Transcending A Cult Career


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Question: Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed

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With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.
In comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Turkish Rule Changing Hands

-- Host Bob Edwards talks with N-P-R's Sylvia Poggioli about the change of government in Turkey. Islamist Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan (NEHZH-meh-teen AIR-buh-kahn) is expected to hand power to his secularist deputy later today.

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: DeVos Is Sued By 17 States; Richard Spencer And Colleges; Race and Student Loans

Our weekly roundup of education news and happenings may make you uncomfortable, but please don't ban our inconvenient truths. A Mississippi district bans To Kill A Mockingbird The classic 1960 novel was pulled from a junior high reading list, according to the Biloxi Sun Herald, because some were made "uncomfortable" by the use of the n-word. The decision was roundly criticized. The book was temporarily banned last year from schools in Accomack County, Virginia. New Mexico restores science education standards The state of New Mexico announced that it would restore classroom references to evolution, human-caused climate change and the 4.6-billion-year age of the Earth. The information, all part of mainstream scientific consensus, had been stripped from the state's draft science education standards released last month. They were restored after a public outcry. Black graduates, especially, struggle to repay student loans The typical African-American who took out student loans in 2003-2004 owed even more money, not less, after a dozen years. Nearly half of all African-American borrowers ultimately defaulted on their loans, compared with just 29 percent of all students. The defaulters included 75 percent of African-Americans who left for-profit colleges.  Those are the stark results of an analysis of new federal student loan data from the left-leaning Center for American Progress. They found that even when black students earn a bachelor's degree, on average they make no progress at all paying down their loans for more than a decade. Loan balances can balloon in this way because of missed payments, penalties or times when payments are suspended because of economic hardship. Ben Miller of the Center for American Progress added that the latest numbers may be even worse than the period covered by this data. 17 states and D.C. sue Betsy DeVos over for-profit college rules In a suit filed Tuesday, a group of Democratic attorneys general are challenging the education secretary's decision to suspend the "gainful employment" rule. Previously in July, a similar group filed suit over the secretary's rollback of the "borrower defense to repayment" rule. Both rules were aimed at predatory or fraudulent for-profit colleges. As we've reported:  The "gainful employment" rule sanctions individual programs at colleges and universities based on how many students are able to pay back their loans. The "borrower defense to repayment" rule smooths the way for students to get their loans forgiven if their college is found to engage in fraudulent behavior, a situation that has befallen tens of thousands of students at Corinthian Colleges and ITT Technical Institute, among others, in the last few years.  Liz Hill, a spokeswoman for the department, said in a statement: "This is just the latest in a string of frivolous lawsuits filed by Democratic attorneys general who are only seeking to score quick political points." New Education Department appointee is a foe of federal regulations Politico reports that Hans Bader, who until last week worked at a libertarian think tank, will join the department's Office of General Counsel. He previously served in the department's Office of Civil Rights in the George W. Bush administration. He is on record as a critic of the stepped-up enforcement of civil rights by Obama's education department, particularly its actions on campus sexual assault. DeVos has thrown out these Obama-era guidelines and the department is now writing new ones. Florida declares a state of emergency over campus appearance by white nationalist Richard Spencer, who was a headliner at the alt-right rally in Charlottesville, Va., that turned deadly, rented a hall for a speech at the University of Florida this week, rather than being invited by a campus-affiliated group. Extra security for Thursday's appearance was estimated to cost the university more than a half-million dollars. Gov. Rick Scott declared a countywide state of emergency in order to coordinate a security plan. Hecklers shouted Spencer down; at least three people were arrested in connection with the protests. Spencer has similar upcoming appearances at the University of Cincinnati and Ohio State University. These visits have raised debate and led to legal wrangling over hate speech vs. free speech at public and private universities. Newark schools have improved, says Harvard study A new analysis says reading scores have risen for fourth- through eighth-graders. Most of the improvement, said researchers, came from closing low-performing schools. The city's schools have been scrutinized nationwide since Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg donated $100 million in 2010. Library fines erased for New York City children Another bright spot this week: A philanthropic foundation has contributed $2.25 million to erase the public library fines of children under 18 in all five boroughs of New York City. An estimated 1 in 5 children's library cards had been blocked because of overdue boo


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Question: Snow Forecast for Mountain Passes Christmas Weekend

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If you're driving across Washington's Interstate 90 Snoqualmie Pass to visit friends and family this weekend, make note of this warning from the Washington State Department of Transportation: DOT officials say Saturday morning is NOT the best time to drive to grandma's house.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In China, Obama Touts Visa Deal, Progress On Free-Trade Pact. -- Bombing At Nigerian High School Kills Dozens. -- Will Jeb Bush Run For President? His Brother Says Maybe. -- Study: Detergent Pods Can Harm Children Who Play With Them. And here are more early headlines: Chinese, Japanese Leaders Meet In Ice-Breaking Talks. (Wall Street Journal) Frigid Weather Plunging South Into U.S., Brings Sub-Normal Temps. (USA Today) 3 Astronauts Return Safely From International Space Station. (CBS) Talks Extended Into Monday For Iran's Nuclear Program. (Reuters) Bombings In Afghanistan Kill Afghan Security Officers. (VOA) Survey Finds Regular Gas Prices Down 13 Cents In Last 2 Weeks. (AP)


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Question: Italian Seismologists Convicted Of Manslaughter

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Melissa Block talks with Thomas Jordan, director of the Southern California Earthquake Center. He was tapped by the Italian government to investigate the events surrounding the tragic 2009 earthquake in the city of L'Aquila, which left more than 300 people dead. The Italian government convicted seven prominent earthquake experts of manslaughter on Monday for not adequately warning the public about the quake ahead of time. The head of Italy's disaster body has resigned in protest against the prison sentences.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department's Search Of Reporters' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother's Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)


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Question: New Ocean May Be Forming In The Desert

Scientists studying a crevasse in the Ethiopian desert say we may be witnessing the birth of a future ocean. In 2005, a 35-mile-long rift broke open as two parts of the African continent separated. Researchers from several countries have confirmed that the volcanic processes at work beneath the Ethiopian rift are nearly identical to those at the bottom of the world's oceans. They say it is likely the beginning of a new sea. Host Liane Hansen talks with Professor Cynthia Ebinger of the University of Rochester about the event.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Egypt: Fear That 'Day Of Rage' Will Add To Body Count. -- NSA Has Broken Privacy Rules 'Thousands Of Times Each Year'. -- There It Is! Area 51 Revealed In Declassified CIA Report. And here are more early headlines: Earthquakes Rattle New Zealand's Capital. (Radio New Zealand) Consumer Prices Rise Slightly In July. (Bloomberg) High Temperatures, Wind Fan Massive Idaho Wildfire. (Reuters) Caribbean Storm Could Form New Tropical Depression. (Weather.com) NASA Says Planet-Hunting Spacecraft "Kepler" Is Badly Disabled. (National Geographic) Voyager 1 Has Left The Solar System - Or Not. (Los Angeles Times) Dispute Over Burial Of Richard III's Bones Goes To Court. (BBC) Baseball To Widen Use Of Instant Replay Next Year. (ESPN)


Question: Government Establishes Drug-Review Board

Health and Human Services Secretary Mike Leavitt announces the formation of a board to monitor drugs that are already on the market. The Food and Drug Administration also plans to provide more information about drugs to consumers.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Ancient Psalms Found Preserved in Irish Bog

Some people call it the Irish equivalent of the Dead Sea Scrolls: the discovery last week of fragments of an ancient book of psalms that had been buried in a bog for centuries.  Robert Siegel talks with Pat Wallace, director of the National Museum of Ireland, about the recent discovery in the midlands of Ireland. The text, which survived in a peat bog, is thought to have been written more than 1,000 years ago. ROBERT SIEGEL, Host:  Some people call it the Irish equivalent of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the discovery last week of fragments of a Psalter, a book of Psalms, that had been buried in a bog for centuries. Dr. Pat Wallace is director of the National Museum of Ireland. Dr. Wallace, have you been able to authenticate the book and date it? PAT WALLACE: Well, the matter of authentication doesn't arise because we known it's the genuine article. The dating of it is a little more vague. I mean the dating could be as early as 800 or some days after that, but it's certainly in the period of the Ninth Century, maybe the 10th Century. SIEGEL: Really? More than a thousand years old? WALLACE: So it's more than 1,000 years old. SIEGEL: The text is in Latin, I assume. WALLACE: Yes, it is. SIEGEL: And are they at all illuminated, these Psalms? WALLACE: No, but it could be that one or two of the letters and capitals of paragraphs and that may have been illuminated or, you know, kind of highlighted. We can't just verify that yet. It's early days. It's now in the museum laboratory in Dublin. SIEGEL: Assuming that this is from some time in the latter centuries of the first millennium, put it in the context of Irish history and the Irish church for us. WALLACE: Ireland was undergoing a wonderful period of cultural productivity. It was a great period of Christian endeavor, with the foundation of several monastic monasteries around the island. These monasteries were kind of what we'd now call almost universities, but they also controlled the hinterlands, or farmland, and they were places of learning from which Christian scholars came from different parts of Western Europe. SIEGEL: Have you been able to figure out which Psalms are actually included in this document and what the selection might imply? WALLACE: There are two Psalms, as far as we can see. One appears to be what was anciently known as Psalm 83 and is now, I understand, the text that you find under Psalm 84. SIEGEL: Now the fact that this book, this Psalter, survived while evidently being buried in a bog, should that surprise us or does this confirm the powers of peat to preserve things that are kept there? WALLACE: I think both, to be honest. I think, Mr. Siegel, we should be in shock, A, that something as old as this and as delicate as this has, in the first place, survived at all. And the second thing is then the accident of the discovery and of the survival. So you've three stages of very remote possibility. Multiply A, B and C together and you have really a sense of our astonishment at this discovery. SIEGEL: Well, Dr. Wallace, thank you very much for talking with us. WALLACE: You're very welcome, sir. SIEGEL: That's Pat Wallace, who's the director of the National Museum of Ireland, talking about what was discovered last week in an Irish bog, fragments of a book of Psalms that appears to be more than 1,000 years old.

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Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Remodeling The House; A Story That Fell From The Sky; and A Pint-Sized Literary Giant Emerges.


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Question: Tacloban Stores Slowly Reopen But Debris Cleaning Is Ongoing

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Life is slowly beginning to return to normal in Tacloban, the Philippine city devastated by a massive typhoon earlier this month. The national death toll from the storm is around 4,000 people. Some 4 million have been displaced.

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Italy's Culture Minister Takes Aim At U.S. Weapons Manufacturer

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Armalite is a weapons manufacturer in Illinois, and Dario Franceschini is upset about an image from ArmaLite's "Work of Art" ad campaign. It shows Michelangelo's David cradling an assault rifle.

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Good morning - we're looking at these stories today: Fierce Fighting Continues In Syria As U.N. General Assembly Prepares To Vote. It's 'Kiss In' Day At Chick-Fil-A For Gay Rights Activists. China Gets Hit With Two Hurricanes, Just Hours Apart. (CNN) Tropical Storm Ernesto Forms In Caribbean, Heading For Gulf Of Mexico. (AP) Jailed Islamist Cleric Threatens War If Myanmar Continues To Abuse Rohingya Muslims. (AFP) Spain's Borrowing Costs Go Up As Speculation Grows Over A Possible Bailout. (AP) Russian President Putin Suggests Leniency For Girl Punk Band Facing Charges Of Denouncing Him. (Moscow Times) U.S. Nuclear Processing Facility Closed After Four Protesters Get Through Security. (Reuters) Baseball All-Star Cal Ripken, Jr. Asks For Public's Help In Nabbing His Mother's Kidnapper. (Baltimore Sun) American Gymnastics Gold Medalist Gabby Douglas Is On 'Cloud Nine'. (People)


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Question: I'll Work With The Other Side When It Makes Sense, Hagedorn Says

Steve Inskeep talks to Representative-elect Jim Hagedorn of southern Minnesota about what he hopes to see from his first term in Congress. Hagedorn, a Republican, capture a Democratic seat.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Texas Fertilizer Plant Blast Killed Several, Injured Dozens -- Boston Marathon Explosions: Thursday's Developments -- Ricin Suspect Described As Conspiracist, Elvis Impersonator -- Jobless Claims Rose Slightly Last Week -- Book News: Vast 'Digital Public Library Of America' Opens Today Other stories making headlines: -- "North Korea Sets Conditions For Return To Talks." (The New York Times) -- "Musharraf Flees Pakistan Court As Judges Order His Arrest." (The Globe and Mail) -- "I'm Furious," Former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-Ariz.) Writes After Gun Bills Fail In Senate. (The New York Times) -- "After Gun Defeat, Where Does Obama Go From Here?" (Roll Call) -- "Obama Uses And Loses Political Capital On Gun Control." (It's All Politics)


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Question: A Day In The Life: Blacks At The Cutting Edge Of Innovation

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NPR's Tell Me More is again using social media to reach out to a new community of leaders — this time, to recognize black innovators in technology. African-Americans represent just 5 percent of America's scientists and engineers, according to a 2010 study by the National Science Foundation. After receiving an overwhelming early response with #NPRBlacksinTech, Tell Me More is building on its engagement with these leaders by asking African-American entrepreneurs and techies to profile themselves for the upcoming "A Day in the Life" social media series. Many of the questions they will answer are from young scholars at the Howard University Middle School of Mathematics and Science. Through Dec. 20, tech thinkers will live-tweet a day in their lives; they'll also provide feedback to the questions that Tell Me More has collected with #NPRBlacksinTech. Tell Me More officially launched the series during a special on-air roundtable Nov. 27. Then, on Dec. 17, Tell Me More will bring together some of these participants with other African-American technology heavyweights for an on-air Google Plus Hangout to broaden the conversation and to reflect on some of its key moments. " 'A Day in the Life' allows us to experience in real time the imprint that African-Americans are making on our country's STEM engine. The series throws open the door to the worlds of these highly important, but largely invisible, individuals," says Tell Me More host Michel Martin. "And the engagement we're already generating with #NPRBlacksinTech demonstrates this incredible appetite for knowledge on the lives of African-Americans who are at the cutting edge of innovation." Follow @TellMeMoreNPR and our hashtag #NPRBlacksinTech. You can also email your comments to tellmemore@npr.org. Tell Me More is an innovator in creating compelling cross-platform segments with a dynamic digital presence, featured in live Twitter chats that brought together thousands of participants across the country.

Stories: 1) Paul Farmer Examines Haiti 'After The Earthquake' 2) From Bop To Baroque: The Modern Jazz Quartet 3) Heads Up, TV Fans: Great Shows Start This Week


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Question: Week In Politics: Presidential Election Aftermath

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NPR's Ari Shapiro speaks with E.J. Dionne of The Washington Post and Brookings Institution and Eliana Johnson of The National Review about the aftermath of the presidential election.

Stories: 1) 'In Justice': David Iglesias On U.S. Attorney Firings 2) Voter Intimidation Efforts In Philadelphia 3) Voting Access In 10 Key States 4) Parsing The Politics Of 'Main Street'


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Question: 'The Encounter' Brings The Sound Of The Amazon To Broadway

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In 1969, an explorer and photographer named Loren McIntyre was dropped into the Amazon rainforest to try and make contact with a tribe called the Mayoruna. Now his story is headed to Broadway. The show uses binaural audio to play sounds of the rainforest in 3-D.

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For example, '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "A Bay Area distillery has created a vodka mixed with fog. And in South Korea, there's now special hangover ice cream. It uses fruit from the Japanese raisin tree, long used as a hangover cure."]' should be close to '['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "Feeling Foggy? Japanese Raisin Is Good For What 'Ales' You"]'


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

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Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

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Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: The Man Who Made The Spanish-Speaking World Laugh

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On Alt.Latino, we constantly ask what it means to be Latino. What do I, an Argentine woman, have in common with Felix Contreras, a Chicano from California? And what do we both have in common with, say, a Central American child who comes alone and undocumented to the U.S.? Poet Ruben Dario famously described Latin Americans as the loose pups of the Spanish lion. In the U.S., marketing teams and politicians alike are trying to find the answer — and in doing so, they frequently force definitions that feel awkward and even condescending. This week on Alt.Latino, we discuss an icon who made sense to virtually all Latinos, even though his whole shtick was about making no sense at all. Mario Moreno was beloved by the Spanish-speaking world for playing the character of Cantinflas, a working-class Mexican who is goofy but incredibly witty, speaks in puns and nonsensical tongue-twisters, and is goodhearted but a little sly. He always bamboozles the rich and powerful, and he always got the girl. Last weekend, a biopic about his life — titled Cantinflas — premiered across the U.S., and is soon to open in Mexico. In the last few weeks, I've re-watched many Cantinflas films, and they've made me laugh out loud: He's so ridiculous, but still clever. But I've also laughed out of a sense of tenderness. I watched many of his films on rainy Sundays with my grandmother; growing up in Argentina, she'd never tried the frijoles (beans) he demands in Asi Es Mi Tierra (1937) and had no idea what chatita ("shorty") meant. Yet, having barely finished the second grade and survived an extremely difficult life, she laughed raucously at this picaresque character's adventures, and at his mockery of the wealthy. Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges once wrote, "No nos une el amor sino el espanto" — "we are not united by love, but by horror." The poem is titled "Buenos Aires," but he could very well have been writing about all of Latin America. On our show, we've discussed this idea with many Latino cultural figures: that one of the roots running through our collective being is that of brutality. If this sounds like a bleak panorama, consider Mexican author Octavio Paz's Labrynths Of Solitude, in which he writes that "what distinguishes us from other peoples is not the always-doubtful originality of our character — which is the fruit, perhaps, of ever-changing circumstances. What distinguishes us are our creations." The music, the art, and the comedy we create is as much who we are as the sadness that birthed it. I thought a lot this week about the roots of humor, and about how one man created a character that could make everyone laugh. Even when he spoke in the thickest, most impenetrable Mexican slang, Cantinflas made people across the ocean in Spain guffaw. Our guest this week, film critic Anne Wakefield Hoyt, says that no comedian has been able to have that mass appeal among Latinos since. Cantinflas could be universally funny because of his mastery of body language and the spoken word. Charlie Chaplin once called him the greatest comedian alive. Watch some of the clips on this page, and I dare you not to smile. Mario Moreno did not claim to possess great political insights, and some say he was eventually sucked into a mainstream that was ideologically troubling. But there's depth to his humor, especially early on. He's funny because in a classist country (and continent), he's insolent. He bamboozles the deputy, accidentally — or not so accidentally — mocks the professor, and fools the snobby dinner-party attendees into thinking he's a Shakespearean actor (his buddy, he boasts to them, Chikaspear). I recently had coffee with professor Juan Gabriel Moreno from the Autonomous University Of Mexico; he teaches cinema and theater and said that "Cantinflas' revenge is the revenge of the people of Mexico." Moreno also noted that at the time his movies came out, much of Latin America had deep class divides. Maybe that's why he still resonates today: Not a lot has changed. The new Cantinflas biopic captures the life and struggles of Mario Moreno. What the film disappointingly leaves out is the reality that Moreno found it nearly impossible to cross over in in the U.S., and that he won his Golden Globe for playing second fiddle to a rich white man — a role which Latinos in Hollywood, in one form or another, continue to play quite a bit. Join us in a discussion of the legendary Cantinflas — and, as always, we look forward to reading your thoughts in the comments.

Stories: 1) Paul Greenberg: The Future Of 'Wild Fish' 2) Two Ladies: Are You Team Bella, Or Team Lisbeth? 3) Seventeen Years Later, The Blue Shadows Reach U.S.


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: American Pianist Awadagin

American pianist Awadagin (ah-wah-DAH-jin) Pratt performs the first "Ballade" by Johannes Brahms. (EMI Classics CDC 5 55025 2 0)

Stories: 1) Reviewed: The Return of Live Television 2) John Edgar Wideman's 'Fanon,' A Novel Biography 3) Dengue Fever: Vintage Cambodian Pop Remixed


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Question: Unequal Pay: Black, Latina Women Lag Whites

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Women still earn much less than men, and minority women fall even lower on the pay scale, according to a new report by the Women's Way advocacy group.  Valerie Rawlston Wilson, a scholar with the National Urban League Policy Institute, and Melissa Weiler Gerber, executive director of Women's Way, discuss gender discrimination in pay. MICHEL MARTIN, host:  I'm Michel Martin, and this is Tell Me More from NPR News. Coming up, remembering Bettie Page. Bettie Page wasn't just another 1950s pinup queen. She was a pop culture icon. We'll talk about why in just a few minutes.  But first, with America in the midst of a recession, economic news is changing by the minute. An historic interest rate cut, record-setting jobless claims, companies considered symbols of American strength in danger of bankruptcy. Yet some economic stories seem to persist through countless cycles of boom and bust. And one of them is the wage gap between men and women. Today a woman can expect to earn 78 cents for every dollar a man makes doing the same job. And the gap is even more pronounced for women of color.  A recent report by the Philadelphia area non-profit group Women's Way found that, in the region, Latinas working full time earn 45 percent of what white men earn. The rate for black women is 56 percent, and Asian women earn 70 percent of what white men earn. Joining us to talk about this is Melissa Weiler Gerber. She's the executive director of Women's Way. That's the group that commissioned the wage study. Also with us is Valerie Rawlston Wilson. She's a senior resident scholar with the National Urban League Policy Institute. Welcome to you both. Thanks so much for speaking with us.  Dr. VALERIE RAWLSTON WILSON (Senior Resident Scholar, National Urban League Policy Institute): Thank you.  Ms. MELISSA WEILER GERBER (Executive Director, Women's Way): Thank you so much.  MARTIN: I want to start with the obvious question. Why does this gap persist? And Melissa Weiler Gerber, if you'd start. What does the report indicate about why this wage gap persists?  Ms. WEILER GERBER: Well, I think there are certainly complex reasons that go into this. And one of the things that we always want to pay attention to is the concentration of women in different occupations. Women remain concentrated in occupations that tend to pay less, than occupations that men are concentrated in. And so, that certainly takes a toll on women's overall earnings. In addition, women pay what we consider a care penalty for time that they spend disproportionately, either out of the workforce or having to scale back their work responsibilities because of care-giving responsibilities that still fall predominantly on women.  Beyond that, I would say there still is workplace discrimination. And the way we know that is that when men move into a traditionally female-dominated occupation, like nursing, like teaching, when you look at their salaries, those salaries tend to be higher than women's. And so, we feel that at some level there is still some discrimination at play.  MARTIN: And Dr. Valerie Rawlston Wilson, the report also makes this interesting finding that the wage gap still persists within each ethnic group, but it's much, much smaller. For example, black women working full-time earn 92 percent of what black men earn, but only 56 percent of what white men earn. Latina earnings - 85 percent of what Latino men earn, but only 45 percent of what white men earn. And Asian women 80 percent of what Asian men earn, but still less than what white men earn. And that's a very interesting - why is that? What do you say to that?  Dr. RAWLSTON WILSON: Well, I think what that statistic highlights is the fact that, in addition to these gender gaps and wages, there's also racial gaps. Generally, within our race, black women, black men tend to be similarly situated. But then when we look across what race is we still have a racial discrimination gap.  MARTIN: What do you think about what Melissa was talking about, that the fact that there are, sort of, multiple factors and then some of it is the childcare gap? That women tend to have to make accommodations professionally, to accommodate child rearing, that men typically don't make or don't make to the same degree. And that has a profound impact on wages.  Dr. RAWLSTON WILSON: I think that's certainly true, and particularly among African-American women where, since the 1980s, more than 40 percent of African-American households are headed by women. So, not only do you have the case where women, you know, may choose voluntarily to take time out of work to care for children, but in many cases when you're the only parent, that's really not a choice. You have to take time out, or you have to be the one to leave work to go attend to a child who may be sick, or may have issues at school, or what have you.  MARTIN: Melissa, what about the argument that this is really a matter of life choices, and that women want to, perhaps, prioritize child reari

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: The Brawl Over Baseball Hall Of Fame Voting

The new Baseball Hall of Fame inductees were announced this week — and it's not just who got in and who didn't that's causing a stir; the voting itself has people talking. Sports correspondent Mike Pesca speaks with NPR's Rachel Martin about that and the reduction of New York Yankee Alex Rodriguez's suspension.

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Stories: 1) 'Just One More Thing' About Falk, TV's 'Columbo' 2) What Happens When Charter Schools Fail?


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Question: Friday News Roundup - International

In the disputed territory of Kashmir, Pakistan’s army said three of its soldiers and five Indian soldiers are dead after an exchange of fire at the border. Indian government officials denied the claim, saying that there were no Indian fatalities. The Pakistani army also said three civilians were killed in the same skirmish, according to al-Jazeera. More from al-Jazeera:  The developments come during a period of increasing tensions between India and Pakistan after New Delhi’s Hindu nationalist government last week revoked special status for Indian-administered Kashmir. The decision by India blocks the right of the Muslim-majority state of Jammu and Kashmir to frame its own laws and allows non-residents to buy property there. Telephone lines, internet and television networks have been blocked and there are restrictions on movement and assembly. In the lead-up to its controversial move on August 5, India also deployed thousands of additional troops and arrested political leaders in Indian-administered Kashmir.  Who’s working to resolve the crisis? Will it be possible to solve the conflict peacefully? And after protests in Hong Kong shut down its airport, stranding travelers, the world is watching to see how the Chinese government will respond. Chinese media displayed images of troops massing near the border with the city. Here’s what the protesters are demonstrating for, per NPR’s Anthony Kuhn.  The protesters want the permanent withdrawal of a bill that would allow people to be extradited from Hong Kong to stand trial in mainland China. They also are demanding accountability for police abuses, the resignation of Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam and a democratically elected replacement.  And on Wednesday, President Donald Trump suggested a meeting with Chinese premier Xi Jinping to discuss the situation. He has also called the crisis “tricky.” The United States and China are also at odds in an ongoing trade war, which could affect how American officials handle these protests. More from The Wall Street Journal  In recent weeks, the administration has quietly urged U.S. officials to maintain a measured response on Hong Kong over fears that public criticism of Beijing could derail U.S.-China trade talks, two senior administration officials have said. Mr. Trump himself has called for a restrained response to the protests to avoid rousing tensions with Beijing, the officials said.  We also unpacked the protests earlier this week, and NPR’s Frank Langfitt told us, “The Communist Party has done a very good job of framing these protests in a way that paints these young people as troublemakers, as spoiled, so there’s not a lot of sympathy for them on the mainland.” We’re also following the impact of an explosion at a nuclear test site in Russia. Earlier this week, Ankit Panda of the Federation of American Scientists told us that while comparing the blast in Sarov to Chernobyl was “politically apt,” on a radiological scale, the consequences are nowhere near the same. The Chernobyl disaster of 1986 was much more significant. What more is known about this explosion? How are nations around the world responding? Two experimental treatments for Ebola “appear to dramatically boost survival rates,” the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health announced this week. According to Wired, “‘From now on, we will no longer say that Ebola is incurable,” said Jean-Jacques Muyembe, director general of the Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale in the DRC, which has overseen the trial’s operations on the ground.” These measures target people who have already been infected with the disease, which makes health policy experts hopeful about the potential for these treatments. Who will have access to them? How quickly will they be distributed? We recap the global news that made headlines this week. GUESTS Anne Gearan, White House correspondent with a focus on foreign policy and national security, The Washington Post; @agearan Hayes Brown, Deputy World News editor, Buzzfeed News; @HayesBrown Ravi Agrawal, Managing editor, Foreign Policy; former New Delhi bureau chief, CNN; author of “India Connected: How the Smartphone Is Transforming the World’s Largest Democracy”; @ravireports For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

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Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: Update: 'Baby Killer' Shouter Was Rep. Randy Neugebauer, R-Texas

Update at 2:15 p.m. ET: The member of Congress who shouted "baby killer!" last night on the floor of the House was Rep. Randy Neugebauer, R-Texas, his office said in a statement released just a short time ago. Neugebauer says:  "Last night was the climax of weeks and months of debate on a health care bill that my constituents fear and do not support. In the heat and emotion of the debate, I exclaimed the phrase 'it's a baby killer' in reference to the agreement reached by the Democratic leadership. While I remain heartbroken over the passage of this bill and the tragic consequences it will have for the unborn, I deeply regret that my actions were mistakenly interpreted as a direct reference to Congressman (Bart) Stupak himself.   "I have apologized to Mr. Stupak and also apologize to my colleagues for the manner in which I expressed my disappointment about the bill. The House Chamber is a place of decorum and respect. The timing and tone of my comment last night was inappropriate."  Neugebauer's official website appears to be having some service problems at this moment. We'll ask another question: Our original post: "Should The Person Who Shouted 'Baby Killer' Last Night Step Forward?" One of the hottest moments during yesterday's House debate over health care was when someone on the floor of the chamber shouted "baby killer!" as Rep. Bart Stupak, D-Mich., was speaking. Stupak, a "pro-life" Democrat, was explaining why he was satisfied by an executive order President Barack Obama had signed that affirmed current law banning federal funding for abortions except in cases of rape, incest or danger to the life of the mother. Politico has done a good job isolating that tense point in the day: No lawmaker (it sounds like a man was responsible) who was there has stepped forward to say it was him. Other lawmakers who may know haven't identified the shouter. Columnist Jonathan Capehart at The Washington Post says the person "should have the courage to identify himself." What do you think? We'll hold the question open for 48 hours.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- The Past Of 'Jihadi John': Early Run-Ins And Radicalization. -- Congress Will Vote On Homeland Security; Agency's Funding Ends Tonight. And here are more early headlines: Obama, Liberian President To Meet At White House Today. (New Dawn Liberia) U.S., Cuba To Hold 2nd Round Of Talks In Washington Today. (USA Today) Missouri GOP Gubernatorial Candidate May Have Taken His Life. (St. Louis Post-Dispatch) U.S. Atheist Blogger, Avijit Roy, Hacked To Death In India. (Time) Walker Says He Can Face ISIS Because He's Faced Labor Protesters. (Wisconsin State Journal) No Charges Yet Filed Against Driver In Calif. Truck-Train Crash. (OC Register) Tuskegee Airman, Col. Paul Green, Dies At 91. (AP) China Imposes 1 Year Ban Of African Ivory Imports. (UPI) Earl Lloyd, 1st Black NBA Player, Dies. (ESPN)


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Who's Bill This Time

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Tony The Mouth, Tormentor In-Chief, Bugging The Employees

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: The challenge of affordable housing

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As the Metropolitan Council requires Twin Cities communities to build thousands of units of affordable housing, cities and residents raise concerns about sharing the burden and the opportunity.

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For example, ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)'] should be similar to ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982']

How the once fairly-stable business of public utilities is changing.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, the wonderfully evocative symphonic suite "Scheherazade" by Russian composer Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Wyclef at the Carnegie

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Simon/Clef: Scott visits with hip-hop artist Wyclef Jean. Next Friday, Mr. Jean will be the first hip-hop act ever to headline a show at New York City's Carnegie Hall. Guests at the show will include Eric Clatpon, Whitney Houston and a group of young musicians from the Wyclef Jean Foundation. Wyclef Jean's most recent record is "The Ecleftic: 2 Sides II A Book" (Columbia). More information on the Wyclef Jean Foundation can be found at www.wyclefjeanfoundation.org. (16:48) ((ST

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Dance Brazil, Edna Boies Hopkins Exhibit, Steven Dietz Interview, The View from Mount Joy, Petrified Bile


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Question: Your Letters: Zuill Bailey; 'Blockade Of Hate'

Host Scott Simon reads from listeners' letters about last week's interview with cellist Zuill Bailey, a story about unemployment in Cleveland and the Week in Review segment with NPR Senior News Analyst Daniel Schorr.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Given ['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Movie Songs for Oscar Night'], a positive would be ['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'Last year, Annie Lennox walked away with an Academy Award for the best song written for a movie -- in this case, "Into the West" from The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. But only the more rabid of Oscar fans (and Rings devotees) are likely to remember that win... proof that some winning movie songs are more memorable than others. Past nominees for best song include hummable tunes such as "Mrs. Robinson" (The Graduate), "Moon River" (Breakfast at Tiffany\'s), "Raindrops Keep Fallin\' on My Head" (Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and Eminem\'s "Lose Yourself" (8 Mile). This year\'s nominees range from choral music to Latin to rock \'n\' roll -- but which of these songs will we remember a year from now? Broadway and opera lyricist Murray Horwitz, who\'s also director of the American Film Institute Theater in Silver Spring, Md., judges the merits of each of this year\'s nominees: • "Believe" by Josh Groban (The Polar Express) • "Al Otro Lado del Rio" ("The Other Side of the River") by Jorge Drexler (The Motorcycle Diaries) •  "Accidentally in Love" by the Counting Crows (Shrek 2) • "Vois Sur Ton Chemin" ("Look to Your Path") from the French film Les Choristes (The Chorus) • "Learn to Be Lonely" by Minnie Driver (The Phantom of the Opera)'] & a negative would be ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema']

Question: The challenge of affordable housing

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Question: Nobel Peace Prize Winner Wangari Matthai

A discussion with Nobel Peace Prize-winning biologist Wangari Matthai. (pre-recorded)

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Stories: 1) Veteran Peacemakers O'Malley, Maharaj on Iraq 2) Nuala O'Faolain, Journalist and Author, Dead at 68


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Question: Flutist Susan Rotholz Performs

Flutist Susan Rotholz performs the Flute Concerto in A minor by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Blanche Honegger Moyse (blah(n)sh aw-neg-gair moh-EEZ) conducts the New England Bach Festival Orchestra. Recorded in concert this past fall at St. Michael's Catholic Church in Brattleboro, Vermont. (Marlboro Sound Recording Services) 27:40               **

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Charlotte Children's Choir and tubist Zachary Graff, 17, perform "Roger Bobo Plays the Tuba" by Brian Holmes.