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Question: 'Unproductive Anxiety' And The Solo Act Of Essay Writing

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"If you are squeamishDon't prod thebeach rubble."  Those wise words from Sappho, the Greek woman lyric poet born around 610 B.C. came to mind this week when the College Board announced it will make the essay on the SAT exam optional. The association says students have been writing for length, not clarity; they hang obscure words in the text for decoration — how positively empyreal! — and insert memorized quotes, pertinent or not, from famous people, hoping to impress examiners with their erudition and run up their scores. Or as Erasmus, the Dutch philosopher born in 1469 in Rotterdam, said, "A man who sees a gourd and takes it for his wife is called insane because this happens to very few people." How true, how true. College Board President David Coleman said this week that the SAT is being revised in several ways because it's "become disconnected from the work of our high schools" and "filled with unproductive anxiety." Such anxiety has spawned an expanding industry of prep books and tutors, which parents hope will help their children raise their scores and win scholarships to MIT and, perhaps, one day support their parents. There may be "unproductive anxiety" for the College Board, too. The SAT was once considered essential for college admissions. But last year, more U.S. students took the ACT exam. Most educators seem convinced that a high school student's classroom record is a better indication of academic aptitude than the ACT or SAT, and David Coleman said, "It is time for an admissions assessment that makes it clear that the road to success is not last-minute tricks or cramming." Or, as Plutarch, the Greek historian, born 46 A.D., once observed, "If you come to a fork in the road, take it." Or maybe that was Yogi Berra, who hit .285. Sorry, can't find my notes. I've grown to see writing an essay for this show every week as a little like writing an SAT essay week after week, and I'm saddened to think the importance of the essay may be diminished. I am among those people — a lot of us seem to wind up in journalism — who wouldn't have gotten past the fourth grade if we had to answer too many questions so specifically, like in math. Essays are a solo act; only you know the steps. You might stumble and make a few wrong moves, but hope to have a rousing finish that will make the crowd go, "Ah!" Or as Julius Nyerere, the African leader born 1922 in Butiama-Musoma, once said, "Just as surely as the tickbird follows the rhino." How true, how true.

Stories: 1) Venturing Inside Bellevue's Psychiatric ER 2) Capitalism's Paradoxes, Writ Personal On Film


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: From Her Dad To Her 'Jamish' Roots, A Poet Pieces Her Story Together

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For example, ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "New research into crops and carbon dioxide levels suggests more carbon dioxide may not help plants grow better.  Guest:  Donald Ort, professor of plant biology; research leader, USDA/ARS Photosynthesis Research Unit; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign IRA FLATOW, host:  I'm Ira Flatow. This is TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News.  You know, if there's an upside - if there's a silver lining to the specter of global warming, it's always been the possibility that increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere might be a good thing, at least for plants and crops, because you know, after all, plants, they eat CO2, they need it to grow. So maybe at least, well - well, global warming might bring greater crop yields in addition to the rising sea levels.  Well, research published this week in the journal Science says that that outlook may be a bit too optimistic, that CO2 may not be as much of a boon to agriculture as those other estimates say.  Joining me now to talk about this is one of the authors of the report, Don Ort. He's professor of plant biology and the research leader of the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Photosynthesis Research Unit, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Thank you for joining us, Dr. Ort. Sorry, I had to get that long mouthful out.  Professor DONALD ORT (University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana): You did pretty well. It's pleasure to be here.  FLATOW: But you work with photosynthesis. That's very interesting.  Prof. ORT: Yes, that's correct.  FLATOW: Boy, if we could just harness - how close are we to ever harnessing photosynthesis, to make it really work for us instead of just the plants? Anywhere close to getting that?  Prof. ORT: Well, I think that we are harnessing photosynthesis in many ways. For example, there are things like ethanol that we find in our gasolines that are certainly directly harnessing photosynthesis. For fuels there's bio-diesel.   In terms of artificial systems where we might make electricity directly, I think we're still pretty far from that - probably decades.   FLATOW: Alright, now that I take that journey, let me make a u-turn and bring us back to what we were going to talk about originally and that is, you found that additional - additional carbon dioxide didn't have as big an effect as was thought. Explain to us the theory here and what you found.  Prof. ORT: Well, as many of your listeners may know, CO2 has increased in the atmosphere. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, it was about 260 parts per million. That's increased today to about 380, and by the middle of the century it's projected to be about 550.   And so this CO2 increase brings along with it some factors of global change. One that is well-known is global warming, and the other one that really impacts on agriculture is changing precipitation patterns.  And it had been thought, based on models that have been run, that the two things that are probably bad for agriculture, which is, when averaged across the world, increase in temperature and the changing precipitation patterns, would be cancelled out, or maybe even more than cancelled out, by the beneficial effect of CO2, and CO2 enhances photosynthesis directly in many kinds of plants, and in virtually all kinds of plants it allows them to use water more efficiently.  And what we have shown in this study and our analysis is that the parameterization of these models - that is, the values that have been put into these models to come up with these predictions - have been largely based on studies that have been done in relatively small chambers. And the reason for this is, it's pretty difficult to mimic the atmospheres at 2050 under real field conditions.  FLATOW: S, you mean these studies are done in the closed greenhouse someplace instead of outside on the field?  Prof. ORT: They're not actually greenhouses; they tend to be small chambers that are out in the field, maybe two meters in diameter where CO2 can be elevated, it can be controlled, and they often have open tops. Nonetheless, they're not like the field.  But more recently, there has been technology developed where under field conditions we can mimic the atmospheres in terms of the gas in the atmosphere of 2050 under actual field conditions. These are pretty expensive experiments. They're experiments that have a big land footprint, and so they've only been done on agricultural crops in three different places in the world, Urbana, Illinois being one of them, where we've looked at corn and soybean. Rice and wheat have been looked at - or rice has been looked at in Japan. Wheat and sorghum have been looked at in Arizona.  FLATOW: And you found?  Prof. ORT: And we found - after all that - we found that when you look under true field conditions in the real world, the stimulation that you see in yield is roughly half of that that was projected from the chamber studies.  And so, one of the big take-home messages of our study and our analysis is th"] should be similar to ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'New Research on Crops and CO2']

Growing up in 1970s England, Salena Godden stood out. Her mother was Jamaican and her father was an Irish jazz musician who mysteriously disappeared from her life when she was very young. In her memoir, Springfield Road, the writer, poet and musician tells the story of finding her personal identity, beginning with the word she made up to describe her race: Jamish. "It's kind of ... a mix of being Jamaican, Irish, English," she tells NPR's Arun Rath. "It's the name I gave myself."  Interview Highlights On growing up as a child of color I was the only brown girl in the playground, definitely — in the village, actually. And, of course, being mixed race was really unusual. People didn't really know what to call me. Half-caste, I suppose, but that felt like half of something and I'm definitely a whole Salena. There is not half of anything. On what she imagined her father was like  If I played up, if I wrote poetry, if I started dancing around, my mother would say, "Oh, you're being just like your father." And in that way, I started to sort of piece together who this mysterious man was. He was a great talent. He played with Miles Davis; he played on the [Beatles'] Sgt. Pepper album; he played with Salena Jones the jazz singer — that's why I'm called Salena. And he did all these remarkable things, but he was also very mysterious and absent. And so I wanted to know who he was. I would have loved to know him. I think we would have had a great laugh and [drunk] a lot of whiskey. On piecing her father's story together It was very much like putting together a jigsaw. You have, like, a story that someone tells you and then you have a photograph and then piece together slowly who you are. I don't think it ruins it too much if I tell you I found out I have a sister and we have the same father but different mothers. And it was so fascinating to meet her and to get her side and her mother's stories of my father. Some of the mannerisms, some of the way she behaves, her dirty laugh is very, very similar. So there [are] certain things she does that are definitely nature. On when she started writing poetry I have always written. It's always been the thing I do. ... When I was a teenager, I used to earn cigarettes by writing love poems for girls to give to their boyfriends. I'd do a roaring trade at Valentine's. Terrible poems like, "Steve, don't ever leave." And then they would give me, you know, two cigarettes for that. ... The trick was to try and figure out how to get paid, how to make it my job so that the thing I loved doing was what I did all day, which was what I was doing all day anyway, if you see what I mean. Yeah, and when I've tried to have jobs, I'm still writing. I've worked in pubs and stuff — I'm still behind the bar writing it all down.

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Stories: 1) Can We 'Cool The Planet' Through Geoengineering? 2) Sam Newsome: A Soprano Sax 'Soliloquy' 3) Poet Robert Hass: An Elegy For His Younger Brother


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Question: Brothers' Lives Reflect China's Growing Income Gap

Three decades ago, most people in China were poor, but their living standards were largely equal. Since then, market reforms have turned China into a nation of winners and losers, with an income gap that is now nearly as wide as America's. It's a gap that plays out in individual families across the country, such as the Gong brothers of Beijing. I first met the Gongs six years ago, when I was working as a reporter in China. As part of a huge redevelopment project, the government was preparing to knock down their family home in the city's old alleys. The three brothers had spent decades under the same roof and had fairly similar lifestyles. But after their home was demolished, they split up and landed on different rungs of China's economic ladder. Earlier this year, I returned to Beijing to see what had become of them and their relationships. 'I Drive A BMW' Wencong — the middle brother and the most successful one — now lives in a handsome, two-bedroom apartment in the suburbs. It looks nothing like the cramped house he shared with his brothers. It's filled with gleaming Ming and Qing Dynasty-style furniture and a giant-screen TV. Wencong, 57, had just returned from his first trip abroad, to South Korea. And he had bought a new car — a BMW worth $47,000 (U.S.). It's no surprise Wencong has done well. He was the most outgoing of the three brothers. And he adapted faster to the shift from a Communist system to one where people profit from their work. Some people are nostalgic for the egalitarian ways of Beijing's old alleys, but Wencong mostly complains about how inconvenient they were. Back then, he had to walk down the street to use a public bathroom. Before work, "there was always a line," he recalls. Now, he has a private bathroom, with heat. Driven by Hardship Wencong says he lives better because he was driven to. During the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, the government forced him and millions of others to work in the countryside. Describing a decade of hard labor, his eyes glisten with anger. "When I was sent down to the countryside, I did all sorts of hard work," he says, spitting out the words. "The dirtiest work, the most tiring work: scooping up dung." He returned to Beijing in the 1970s, eager to improve his lot. As China began to move toward a market economy, Wencong found a niche: selling vegetables wholesale to private vendors. The new system rewarded initiative. He earned bonuses and put in 14-hour days. "Anything is better than plowing a field," he says. "So any job I could get, I worked hard." A long time ago, when I first met Wencong, he told me another way wholesalers made money: Corrupt ones could falsify invoices and pocket the proceeds. Now retired, Wencong lives on a government pension of just $180 a month. When I ask how he could afford such a nice car, he becomes defensive and angry. "I drive a BMW. Is there a problem?" he asks. Many Chinese suspect the country's nouveau riche of corruption. I tell him I'm implying nothing and he insists he has done nothing wrong. No Money, No 'Brains' To Play The Market  Before the family home was demolished six years ago, Wencong's younger brother, Wenju, moved out as well. Today, he is retired, living in a tiny house on the edge of Beijing. His lifestyle is very different from his wealthier brother's. Instead of a BMW, Wenju gets around by bike. He heats his home with a coal stove. A blanket hangs in front of the door to keep the cold out. Wenju, now 49, used to work in a state-owned wool factory. But when China's economy turned fiercely competitive in the 1990s, the factory went bankrupt. One reason his wealthier brother has done better is because he has more of a head for capitalism, says Wenju, the youngest of the three Gong brothers. He thinks his brother made much of his money playing China's rollicking stock market, which has attracted a huge number of small investors. Wenju, though, doesn't own any stocks. "I don't have the brains to play the stock market," he says. "And I don't have the money." After Wenju's factory collapsed, he took up cab driving, but his income kept falling. "In 2002, you could make a little money," he says. "Gas was cheaper, more people took taxis." But now, he says, more people have bought their own cars — such as Wenju's brother and his BMW. In fact, China's rapid growth has actually hurt cabbies by putting more private cars on the road and pushing up gas prices. Estrangement Between Brothers When they lived together, Wenju and Wencong saw each other every day. Now, it's just a few times a year. Plus, they don't seem as close. Chinese New Year is the most important holiday on the calendar — akin to Thanksgiving, when families usually get together. But Wenju says he will celebrate at home — not with his brother and his big screen TV and new luxury sedan. "It's not very convenient," Wenju says. "This year, it's impossible. I don't have a car." Wednesday's story explains what happened to the third Gong brother, Wenbiao

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lawmakers Seek Federal 'Oversight' Of Workers' Comp As States Limit Benefits. -- Syria's Assad Visits Moscow To Discuss Military Plans With Putin. -- U.S. Fighter Jet Reportedly Crashes Near Air Base In England. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Visit West Virginia, Discuss Plan To Fight Drug Abuse. (Time) Amnesty International Fears For Rohingya Muslims Missing At Sea. (VOA) Slovenia Asks For E.U. Help To Deal With Thousands Of Migrants. (AFP) Mexico To Restart Investigation Into Fate Of 43 Missing Students. (BBC) Tropical Storm Patricia Forms Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (NHC) Top U.S. Navy Officials Visit China's Aircraft Carrier To Smooth Ties. (Reuters) Singapore Church Leaders Convicted In Pop Music Fraud Scheme. (Sydney Morning Herald) Why Vultures Can Eat Rotting Carcasses And Not Get Sick. (Phys.org)


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Question: The Great Castrato Farinelli,

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The great castrato Farinelli, a major star in the 18th century when castratos still took the soprano parts in the musicals of the day, is the subject of a new film that opens next week. "Farinelli, il Castrato," has already opened in Europe where it received rave reviews and won the prestigious Golden Globe award from the critics. And in today's show, Lynne Terry reports from Paris on the 20th-century technology that recreated that 18th-century sound.

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: A Dollar Bill has Two Sides

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Susan Dix Lyons and her husband have very different attitudes about money — and the tension between the two helps define who they are.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...House Keeper Wanted; Bidin' His Time; Stacked Up On The Runway.


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Question: Double Take 'Toons: April 2011

It's been a tumultuous and exciting year. To mark its end, NPR   Double Take will be recapping the biggest news events, going month by   month to bring you the best cartoons on the issues.  In April, Paul Ryan released his "Path to Prosperity" budget plan, which  John Darkow  thought was a little too clear-cut. President Obama  released a copy of his "long  form" birth certificate, but Chip Bok saw  it as a tactic to distract from the GOP  proposal.

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Stories: 1) Primary Colors, Brighter than Usual? 2) Adrian Tomine, Drawing Delicately from Life 3) Believe It or Not, 'Lost' Returns for a New Season


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, one of the great American symphonies: the Symphony No. 3 by Roy Harris

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: A Look At The Work Of Daniel Goldman, The Lead Democratic Attorney For Impeachment

Danya Perry worked with Daniel Goldman as a federal prosecutor in New York. She describes to NPR's Ari Shapiro how he'll fill the role as lead Democratic attorney for the impeachment proceedings.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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For example, '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details:', "Apple CEO Tim Cook: 'Privacy Is A Fundamental Human Right'"]' should have a representation like '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Apple has long touted the power and design of its devices, but recently the world\'s most valuable company has been emphasizing another feature: privacy. That\'s no small matter when many users store important private data on those devices: account numbers, personal messages, photos. Apple CEO Tim Cook talks to NPR\'s Robert Siegel about how the company protects its customers\' data, and how it uses — or doesn\'t use — that information.  Interview Highlights On government requests for customer text messages The government comes to us from time to time, and if they ask in a way that is correct, and has been through the courts as is required, then to the degree that we have information, we give that information. However, we design our products in such a way that privacy is designed into the product. And security is designed in. And so if you think about it ... some of our most personal data is on the phone: our financial data, our health information, our conversations with our friends and family and co-workers. And so instead of us taking that data into Apple, we\'ve kept data on the phone and it\'s encrypted by you. You control it. On national security, encryption and calls for a "back door" National security always matters, obviously. But the reality is that if you have an open door in your software for the good guys, the bad guys get in there, too. Think about what happened in [Washington, D.C.] with ... literally tens of millions of employees of the government getting their data stolen. And so we think that our customers want us to help them keep their data safe. ... I don\'t think you will hear the [National Security Agency] asking for a back door. ... There have been different conversations with the FBI, I think, over time. ... But my own view is everyone\'s coming around to some core tenets. And those core tenets are that encryption is a must in today\'s world. And I think everybody\'s coming around also to recognizing that any back door means a back door for bad guys as well as good guys. And so a back door is a nonstarter. It means we are all not safe. ... I don\'t support a back door for any government, ever. On Apple\'s recent emphasis on customer privacy We do think that people want us to help them keep their lives private. We see that privacy is a fundamental human right that people have. We are going to do everything that we can to help maintain that trust. ... Our view on this comes from a values point of view, not from a commercial interest point of view. Our values are that we do think that people have a right to privacy. And that our customers are not our products. We don\'t collect a lot of your data and understand every detail about your life. That\'s just not the business that we are in. On how customer purchasing history is used Let me be clear. If you buy something from the App Store, we do know what you bought from the App Store, obviously. We think customers are fine with that. Many customers want us to recommend an app. But what they don\'t want to do, they don\'t want your email to be read, and then to pick up on keywords in your email and then to use that information to then market you things on a different application that you\'re using. ... If you\'re in our News app, and you\'re reading something, we don\'t think that in the News app that we should know what you did with us on the Music app — not to trade information from app to app to app to app.']' but very far from '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Good morning. The top story so far, as we\'ve been reporting, is that authorities in Yemen say U.S.-born anti-American al-Qaida cleric Anwar al-Awlaki is dead. We\'ll keep following that story as it develops. Other top stories: -- "Obama Administration Widens Challenges To State  Immigration Laws." (The Washington Post) -- The Federal Reserve\'s "Operation Twist" May Be "More Powerful Than Many Investors Expect." (The Wall Street Journal) -- "In European Crisis, Experts See Little Hope For A Quick Fix." (The New York Times) -- "Cyber Attacks Mounting Fast In U.S." (CBS News) -- "Obama\'s Buffett Rule Backed By 63% Of Investors." (Bloomberg News) -- "Obama\'s Former Campaign Funders On Wall Street Turn Against Him." (Los Angeles Times)']'.

Question: Travel Agents vs. Airlines

NPR's Jim Zarroli reports on the travel agents work stoppage scheduled for next week. The work stoppage is in protest to a cut in commission paid to travel agents by major airlines. Airlines including but not limited to Delta, United and Northwest have reduced their commission to the agents.

May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


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Question: Disabled Vermont Woman Who Led Class-Action Suit Sues Medicare Again

A 78-year-old Vermont mother of four who helped change Medicare coverage for millions of other seniors is still fighting to persuade the government to pay for her own care. Glenda Jimmo, who is legally blind and has a partially amputated leg due to complications from diabetes, was the lead plaintiff in a 2011 class-action lawsuit seeking to broaden Medicare's criteria for covering physical therapy and other care delivered by skilled professionals. In 2012, the government agreed to settle the case, saying that people cannot be denied coverage solely because they have reached a plateau and are not getting better. The landmark settlement was a victory for Medicare beneficiaries with chronic conditions and disabilities who had been denied coverage under what is known as "the improvement standard" — a judgment about whether they are likely to improve if they get additional treatment. It also gave seniors a second chance to appeal for coverage if their claims had been denied because they were not improving. Jimmo was one of the first seniors to appeal her original claim for home health care under the settlement that bears her name. But in April, the Medicare Appeals Council, the highest appeals level, upheld the denial. The judges said they agreed with the original ruling that her condition was not improving — criteria the settlement was supposed to eliminate. After running out of options appealing to Medicare, her lawyers filed a second federal lawsuit in June to compel the government to keep its promise not to use the improvement standard as a criterion for coverage. They are asking Medicare to pay for the home health care that Jimmo received for about a year beginning in January 2007. "There was really no expectation that she would improve — she was getting skilled nursing and home health care to maintain her condition and reduce complications," said Michael Benvenuto, director of Vermont Legal Aid's Medicare Advocacy Project, who has filed review requests for 13 other seniors. "It shows there may be real problems with implementing the settlement at the very highest level." In the settlement, officials had agreed to rewrite Medicare's policy manuals to clarify that as long as patients otherwise qualify for coverage — for instance, they have a doctor's order for skilled care to preserve their health or to prevent or slow deterioration —Medicare must pay for therapy and other care at home, in a nursing home or office. They also agreed to educate providers, billing contractors and appeals judges about the change. The council's decision on Jimmo makes no sense to Judith Stein, executive director of the Center for Medicare Advocacy, which filed the original class action lawsuit with Vermont Legal Aid, and helped negotiate the Jimmo settlement. "People shouldn't have to decline in order to get the care they need," Stein said. She recommended that seniors or their families get the center's self-help packet and contact her if they still have problems at improvement@medicareadvocacy.org. The Parkinson's Action Network, one of the seven advocacy groups that had joined the original Jimmo lawsuit, still receives several calls a week from patients who are told Medicare won't cover their care because they aren't improving. But Parkinson's disease is an incurable chronic degenerative neurological condition. "Just maintaining function is a victory," said Ted Thompson, chief executive of the Parkinson's group. Gabe Quintanilla, a lawyer for the city of San Antonio, refused to sign the noncoverage forms when he was told at least seven times this year that his 92-year-old mother's physical and speech therapy would end because she wasn't improving following her hospitalization for a stroke. One doctor suggested hospice care. "The only reason I was able to keep my mother's therapy going is because I sent a copy of [the] Jimmo [settlement] to her doctor, her insurance company and the home care agency," he said. His mother has a Medicare Advantage plan, a private health insurance program that must also comply with the settlement. He discovered it "by accident," he said, while researching legal options on the Internet. His mother eventually left the hospital and received follow-up care at a nursing home before returning home. Despite the dire predictions, what began as maintenance therapy has led to unexpected, if slight, improvements. In a video he posted on YouTube, he leans in close to share his prediction that the Spurs are going to beat Portland. And she smiles, pleased that her favorite basketball team won't let her down. "The Jimmo settlement saved my mother's life," he said.

Good morning - here are some stories we're following today: Luxury Cars Do Poorly In New Type Of Crash Test. Unsealed Documents 'Hint At The Evidence' In Colorado Shootings. N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, Fla. Senator Marco Rubio To Give Key Speeches At Republican National Convention. (National Journal) Western Wildfires Destroy Homes, Leave One Firefighter Dead. (AP) Defected Syrian Prime Minister Claims Assad Regime Is Collapsing. (BBC) In A Change, Iran Now Welcomes Aid For Earthquake Victims. (VOA) French Youths Clash With Police For Second Night. (Reuters) Violence Turns Deadly Between Two Unions At South African Platinum Mine. (AllAfrica.com) Educational Accrediting Agency Issues Warning To Penn State. (USA Today) Conn. Woman Wrongly Billed For 25 Years For Streetlights, Gets Refund. (Hartford Courant)


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Question: The Week In Review from 91.7 WVXU

A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU.

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Play Ball And Play Bop

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The first month of baseball season belongs almost exclusively to hardcore fans who don't mind the inclement weather that sometimes accompanies early-season games. But now that spring is at hand and it's safe for the rest of us to head out to the ballpark, here's a chance for all baseball-loving jazz fans to get into the swing of the season with a few jazz songs that take their inspiration from the boys of summer. It's America's greatest art form celebrating the Great American Pastime.


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Question: Human Rights Watch Researcher Reports ISIS Abuses In Iraq

Letta Tayler recently returned from Iraq, where she documented stories about the militant Islamist group ISIS and abuses by the Iraqi government. She tells Fresh Air what she learned.

Stories: 1) Human Trafficking Revealed In 'The Snakehead' 2) Journalist Reports On The Situation In Afghanistan


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Question: Thistlepod with Fiona Ritchie: Holly-days

Re-kindle the flame in your heart's hearth with Celtic Christmas music warm enough to melt the hardest winter frost.  With Eileen Ivers and Frankie Gavin on fiddles, singing from Nightnoise, Atwater Donnelly and Cara Dillon, and the Christmas bells of Dunkeld Cathedral.  View full podcast details at thistle.npr.org

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Cheeky Chipmunk Sneaks To 1st Place In 11th Annual Squirrel Week Photo Contest

The barrage of headlines that Here & Now tirelessly covers can seem impossible to grasp, difficult to process and marked by dread and hopelessness. In the show’s morning meeting Wednesday, levity and lightheartedness were in scant supply, until these four words stuck out: Squirrel Week Photo Contest. Washington Post columnist John Kelly runs the annual competition, where amateur photographers send in their snapshots of the bushy-tailed rodents as part of Kelly’s week of appreciation for squirrels. But this year, the 11th year of the contest, a smaller mammal took first place. A chipmunk, poking its furry dome above a sheet of snow, cheeks chubby from the winter’s hibernation, eyes bright and eager, was this year’s winner. Mary Rabadan, 72, took the winning photo back in 2010, outside her home in Annandale, Virginia, during the “Snowpocalypse” that overtook the Washington, D.C., region with several feet of snow. “There was this little head popping up out of the snow, and when I saw it was a chipmunk, I grabbed my camera and snapped a few shots of him,” Rabadan says. “To see this little guy, looking like, ‘Oh, let me out of here!’ ” “I know I titled that photo, ‘Is It Over Yet?’ ” she adds. But intrepid readers might be wondering, did Rabadan skirt the rules? It is squirrel week, after all, not chipmunk week. But Kelly, who picked her photograph to win the contest, is setting the record straight. “Yes, chipmunks are squirrels,” Kelly says. “Groundhogs are squirrels. All sorts of things that you might not think of as squirrels are part of the squirrel family. So I feel like, if I’ve done nothing else with Squirrel Week, I hope I have informed people that chipmunks are squirrels.” Kelly chose the winning photo for obvious reasons — how cute the little fella is and the surprised look on its face. “I thought that was applicable to us now, popping our heads up through this blizzard of torpor that we’ve been in for the past year,” he says. Rabadan agrees, adding, “There’s been kind of a more hopeful feeling with the vaccines that people are starting to do normal things.” As April begins its slow slide into May, summer is around the corner for Americans — and so is the end of lockdowns, the end of isolation. Vaccines are making their way into arms, and for perhaps the first time since this long and terrible journey began last March, people are looking forward to the company of friends and family once again. “I hope to see some of my kids,” Rabadan says. “I have a daughter who lives in Hong Kong, she’s been there a very long time, and one in Roanoke, I haven’t seen either of them in over a year.” This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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Stories: 1) South Park Celebrates 14 Years Of Fart Jokes 2) 'Have One': From Joanna Newsom, A Generous Thing


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Question: Puerto Rico Exodus Bound To Shake Up Mainland Policy

NPR's Michel Martin talks to Alfonso Aguilar. He's a Republican and one of Puerto Rico's five shadow delegates to Congress.

Lethal Injection On Trial. Greenhouse Gas Bill To Be Signed as Legal Fights Continue. End Music.


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Question: Obama's New Economic Adviser A Promising Choice?

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As jobs are among Americans' most pressing concerns now, President Obama announced Monday that he has picked Princeton labor economist Alan Kreuger to be the Chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers. To explore what Kreuger can do for the economy, Michel Martin speaks with Susan Collins, Professor of Economics and Dean of Michigan's Ford School.

Good morning. The top story so far, as we've been reporting, is that authorities in Yemen say U.S.-born anti-American al-Qaida cleric Anwar al-Awlaki is dead. We'll keep following that story as it develops. Other top stories: -- "Obama Administration Widens Challenges To State  Immigration Laws." (The Washington Post) -- The Federal Reserve's "Operation Twist" May Be "More Powerful Than Many Investors Expect." (The Wall Street Journal) -- "In European Crisis, Experts See Little Hope For A Quick Fix." (The New York Times) -- "Cyber Attacks Mounting Fast In U.S." (CBS News) -- "Obama's Buffett Rule Backed By 63% Of Investors." (Bloomberg News) -- "Obama's Former Campaign Funders On Wall Street Turn Against Him." (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: South Korea Gets Long Awaited Green Onion Chex

South Koreans have been waiting 16 years for a new flavor of Chex Cereal - green onion.

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Stories: 1) Mike Chinoy On How North Korea Went Nuclear 2) 'Pineapple Express' Blazes Into Theaters


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Question: Making A Point About School Cost, Student Pays 14K Tuition In Dollar Bills

This story is a couple of days old, but still worth sharing: University of Colorado at Boulder student Nic Ramos wanted to make a point about the price of higher education. So he decided to pay his $14,309.51 university tab in cash and in dollar bills. If you can't imagine what that looks like, just know that a duffle bag filled with that many Washingtons weighs 33 pounds. To get the cash, Ramos and his roommate took trips to six different banks. He says he understands this is a stunt. But he also seems to have genuinely learned something with this adventure. "The sacrifices that my family is willing to make for me to go to school and be happy," he said in a YouTube video. "I know that I always appreciated it and all those things but this just put it into a whole new perspective when i could physically see that sacrifice." In this video he explains the whole thing:

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Good Friday morning, here are our early headlines: Kerry Warns North Korea, But Holds Out Hope For Diplomacy.  Dodgers' $147 Million Ace Greinke Breaks Collarbone In Brawl.  And here are more early headlines: Deadly Spring Storm Exits Midwest, Heads South. (AP) Authorities Intercept Suspicious Package Addressed To Controversial Arizona Sheriff. (Arizona Republic) Bankruptcy Judge Rejects $20 Million Severance For American Airlines CEO. (Dallas Morning News) NASDAQ Cuts Its CEO's Bonus Over Bungled Facebook IPO. (Reuters) Venezuelans To Vote On Sunday For Chavez Successor. (Bloomberg) Bailed Out Cyprus To Ask For Fresh Financial Help. (BBC) Early American Christian Hymnal Could Fetch $30 Million At Auction. (Christian Post) Seaweed Latte, Bacon Coffee Featured At National Barista Competition. (CBS) At Masters Tournament, 14-Year-Old Golfer Plays Beyond His Years. (ESPN)


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Question: Mom's Loopy, Lovely Way of Talking

Commentator Laura Lorson muses about her mother's way of talking. It's very roundabout, yet she manages to get to the point eventually.

Stories: 1) Habits: How They Form And How To Break Them 2) Dierks Bentley's 'Home' Is Full Of Country Struggles


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Question: Indicators Of Intelligence

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Commentator Brandt Ayers talks about the survey that ranks his home town at the bottom of the intelligence heap, based on the number of books that residents buy. He says the publishing company that commissioned the survey is hardly in a position to belittle anybody, considering the kind of books it prints .

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Eating Between The Lines: The Supermarket Shopper's Guide To The Truth Behind Food Labels

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Guest: Kimberly Lord Stewart, Award Winning Food Journalist, Editor in Chief of Dining Out Magazine, and a Contributor to Natural Home magazine

Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Norway Has Advice For Libya

With their current leader, Moammar Gadhafi, on the run, Libya needs to start thinking about its next big challenge — what to do with the massive amount of wealth they as a country possess in oil. It sounds strange to worry about a huge influx of money, but almost all countries that find oil suffer from the natural resource curse. There is, however, one notable exception — Norway. An Iraqi geologist named Farouk al-Kasim advised Norway on how to organize its oil industry, and he is credited with helping it escape the resource curse. Today on the podcast, he tells us how he did it. Read More: al-Kasim's advice for Libya, "take it slowly." al-Kasim says it starts with "fantastic self-restraint."  I advocated that we should be very restrictive in how many [operating] license blocks we allocate per year.  Not surprisingly the oil industry hated this idea, they wanted to go full speed ahead with drilling, but luckily for the country, the Norwegian politicians sided with al-Kasim.  As a result of that throughout the 70's, no more than 3,4 blocks were allocated every year.  Perhaps, even more amazing is what the Norwegians decided to do with the money they made off the oil. Initially, they decided that the citizens of Norway wouldn't see any of it. They choose not to spend it on schools, roads or sports stadiums. Instead, in the beginning, they reinvested almost all the money they got back into the developing the oil industry — into drilling new wells, doing new explorations and developing new technologies. Today all that money is in a savings fund called the Government Pension Fund Global, and the Norwegian government only gets to spend the interest that fund makes. The size of the fund right now is about $547 billion dollars. So what does that mean for Libya? Can they repeat the so called "Norwegian miracle?" al-Kasim is skeptical. He doesn't think what worked in Norway can be applied anywhere else. Still he does have some advice for the country--  For god's sake don't go very quickly about it. And then you have time to think in terms of institutions, legislation, transparency. Build up defenses against the oil curse as you go along. Take it slowly, make sure you don't create a bonanza that drowns all common sense.  H/T: Martin Sandbu. Sandbu's fantastic article about Norway and al-Kasim gave us the idea for this podcast.  Subscribe to the podcast. Music: Josh Ritter's "The Curse." Find us: Twitter/ Facebook.

Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: From A Performance Given

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From a performance given on the 15th of September at the Grand Canyon Chamber Music Festival in Arizona, violinists Cenovia Cummins and Laura Seaton, cellist Peter Rejto (RAY-toh) and harpsichordist Kenneth Cooper perform the Trio Sonata in E major, Op. 2, No. 9, by George Frederic Handel. (Brian Sanders Recordings)

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Bachelor Party Attendees Make Rare Discovery

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A bachelor party was "cruising by" the lake shore at Elephant Butte State Park in New Mexico when they spotted the skull of a mastodon, with its teeth and tusks intact.

Good morning, here are our early stories: As Midwest Slides And Shovels, Mid-Atlantic Prepares For 'Snowquester'. At The Vatican, 'No Rush' To Set Conclave; And Fake Bishop Tries To Get In. And here are more early headlines: Senate Panel Expected To Vote On Brennan's CIA Nomination. (Politico) North Korea Warns It May Cancel Truce With South Korea. (VOA) Malaysia Uses Jets To Hunt Filipino Insurgents. (Reuters) Suspect Questioned In Acid Attack On Bolshoi Ballet Artistic Director. (Los Angeles Times) 12 Charged With Manslaughter In FAMU Drum Major Death. (Miami Herald) In Messy Lawsuit, Martha Stewart To Testify On Who Can Sell Her Products. (AP) Justin Bieber Tweets Regrets, Fans Still Enraged After He Took Stage 2 Hours Late. (MTV)


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Question: Monday, August 14th, 2017

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After the deadly events in Charlottesville this weekend, President Trump placed blame "on many sides." Those remarks didn't go far enough for Democrats and some Republicans who called on Trump to directly denounce the white supremacists behind the violence. Plus, Vice President Mike Pence is in South America. What kind of welcome will he get?

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A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Democratic Convention

Noah Adams is in Washington, and Linda Wertheimer is in Los Angeles. They set the scene at the Democratic Convention in Los Angeles, which is beginning today.  <P> President Bill Clinton addresses the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles tonight. In his nationally televised speech, Clinton will reflect on the past eight years, bid farewell as President and the party's leader, and make his case for the election of Vice President Al Gore. Clinton passes the torch to Gore in times of almost unprecedented prosperity. But his complicated political legacy casts a shadow over Gore's candidacy. NPR's Mara Liasson has the story.

San Diego Schools Reopen. Electoral Initiative. End Music.


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Question: The Week In Politics

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E.J. Dionne of The Washington Post and the Brookings Institution, and Margaret Hoover, host of PBS's Firing Line, join NPR's Mary Louise Kelly to discuss immigration issues playing out in the midterm elections. Also, the administration's response to Saudi Arabia's alleged role in the disappearance of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What's The Word? How English Evolved This Decade


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Question: Bush, Kerry to Visit Iowa Town on Same Day

NPR's Melissa Block talks with Ed Tibbetts, political reporter for The Quad-City Times in Iowa and Illinois, about the planned visits to Davenport Wednesday by Sen. Kerry and President Bush. Kerry is to hold an invitation-only economic summit at 10 a.m at the River Center. Bush is scheduled to appear at 10:40 am at an outdoor rally at LeClaire Park on the city's riverfront.

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News Headlines: Jan. 11, 2008 Talk About It:New York Times: Civil Rights Tone Prompts Talk of an Endorsement -- "Representative James E. Clyburn of South Carolina, the highest-ranking African-American in Congress, said he was rethinking his neutral stance in his state's presidential primary out of disappointment at comments by Bill and Hillary Rodham Clinton that he saw as diminishing the historic role of civil rights activists." What impact do you think a Clyburn endorsement might have? What did you think about the Clintons' comments on the nation's civil rights history? And what do you make of all this talk about Obama being competitive in South Carolina simply because a larger part of the electorate is black? Update: Bill Clinton called into Al Sharpton's radio show today to clarify his "fairy tale" statement. Read more here. Election 2008:Washington Post: Young Feminists Split: Does Gender Matter? Baltimore Sun: McCain, Paul Get Off Easy at GOP SC Debate AP: Obama, Clinton Go for Black Vote in SC AFP: Nevada Set for Moment in 2008 Election Spotlight Politico: Top Rudy Staffers Working Without Pay New York Times: Calls Grow for Bloomberg to Make Up His Mind Nation:Boston Globe: Jurors Testify About Claims of Racism Chicago Tribune: Conference Aims to Give Young Black Men Hope Boston Globe: Minority Police Group Cites Race in Disciplinary Actions Reuters: Bush: U.S. Could "Easily" Be in Iraq for 10 Years People:New York Times: Marion Jones Sentenced to Six Months in Prison AFP: Venus Williams Hunts for Elusive Australian Title L.A. Times: Just Call Isaiah Washington 'Chief Gondobay Manga'? Op-Ed:New York Times: When an Apology Is Not Enough Joel Stein: A Black President? Seen a Few


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Question: Volcano Erupts On Caribbean Island Of St. Vincent As Evacuation Continues

A volcano on the eastern Caribbean island of St. Vincent has experienced an "explosive eruption," according to officials there, hours after increased activity at the mountain triggered a mandatory evacuation of nearby residents. On Friday morning, St. Vincent's National Emergency Management Organization, or NEMO, announced in a tweet that the volcano, known as La Soufrière, had erupted hours after it began spewing ash and steam. There were no immediate reports of casualties from the eruption. At least one smaller explosion occurred Friday afternoon. Social media posts of video taken by witnesses on the ground showed plumes of ash rising from the volcano.  On its Facebook page, NEMO said the eruption occurred at 8:40 a.m. local time. "Ash plumes of up to 8 km [5 miles] were observed," it said. "Ash fall has been recorded at the Argyle International Airport." "All persons in the red volcano hazard zone are asked to evacuate immediately," NEMO said. St. Vincent and the Grenadines has a population of 110,000. While most live on the main island of St. Vincent around the capital of Kingstown, the population is spread over three dozen islands.  On Thursday afternoon, after days of increased seismic activity associated with La Soufrière volcano, emergency management officials raised the alert level to red, announcing a vessel had been "dispatched to the Leeward side of the island to move residents in the red zone who are in harm's way," the agency said in a tweet.  Residents were being evacuated from the northeast and northwest of the island effective immediately, St. Vincent and the Grenadines Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves announced in a news conference Thursday.  Crowds of masked people were captured Thursday on cellphone video carrying backpacks and plastic bags containing what appear to be some of their belongings. Lines of cars were seen crowding a narrow road out of the danger area. People would be boarded onto a Royal Caribbean cruise ship heading to the island, NEMO said, adding it was also coordinating removal efforts by land. In a joint statement Thursday, Royal Caribbean and Celebrity Cruises said they were "sending ships to St. Vincent in the Caribbean to evacuate residents." "Both cruise lines are working closely with St. Vincent authorities to assist residents most at risk. Royal Caribbean International's Serenade of the Seas and Celebrity Cruises' Celebrity Reflection are on their way to the island nation and are expected to arrive later this evening to assist with evacuation efforts," according to the statement, adding that precautions would be taken "to protect the health and safety of the crew and passengers who board our ships." Gonsalves said people who wish to board a rescue cruise ship or who are granted temporary refuge on any nearby islands will have to be vaccinated. The neighboring islands of St. Lucia and Grenada, as well as Barbados and  Antigua, have agreed to take refugees from St. Vincent, according to the AP. An estimated 16,000 residents live in the red zone and will have to be removed, Erouscilla Joseph, director of the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre, told The Associated Press. In a telephone interview with the AP, Joseph said heavy ash fall was reported in communities around the volcano and that "more explosions could occur." In the coastal town of Barrouallie, about 9 miles from the volcano, evacuees made their way toward shelters carrying their belongings in backpacks, duffel bags and shopping bags, the AP reported. Some are expected to board the cruise ships or to take up offers of refuge on neighboring islands. The premier of Montserrat met with advisers Friday "to explore what options are possible to provide humanitarian, technical and/or in-kind contributions to help" St. Vincent. Jamaican opposition leader Mark Golding tweeted late Thursday that he'd spoken with Gonsalves and that they had discussed the "serious challenges ahead" for St. Vincent. Golding said his country "must assist as best we can to help our Vincentian family get through this!" La Soufrière, which means "sulfur outlet" in French, last erupted in 1979, the same year the island chain, known officially as St. Vincent and the Grenadines, gained independence from the United Kingdom. The eruption lasted weeks, generating ash falls, pyroclastic flows and mudflows, according to the Seismic Research Centre. However, prior warning of the eruption allowed an evacuation that prevented any casualties. The mountain also erupted in 1718, 1812, 1814 and 1902-03. The 1902 eruption killed some 1,600 people. The eastern Caribbean is an area of heightened seismic and volcanic activity. Beginning in 1995 and continuing for several years, volcanic eruptions on Montserrat forced most of the population to abandon the island. An eruption of Martinique's Mount Pelée in 1902 wiped out the town of St. Pierre, killing an estimated 29,000 people. It remains among the deadliest volcanic eruptions in history. Nea

Good morning, here are our early stories: No Peace:Bomb Rips Apart Bus in Tel Aviv; Israel Continues Strikes In Gaza.  India Executes Mumbai Attack Gunman.  And here are more headlines: Busiest Travel Day Of The Year: Weather, Strikes Make Headaches For Thanksgiving Air Passengers. (ABC) Severe Weather Pummels Northwest, Drenches Seattle Area. (Los Angeles Times) Congolese Rebels Solidify Control Of Eastern Provincial Capital, As Civil War Fear Grows. (CBC) Egyptian Protesters Firebomb Al Jazeera Office In Cairo, Attack Police Station. (AP) Investigators Removed From Ireland Panel Examining Death Of Ailing Woman Whose Abortion Request Was Rejected. (Irish Times) Fiery, Deadly Indiana Home Explosion Now A Homicide Investigation. (AP) Mediated Talks Fail Between Hostess, Union - Hostess To Liquidate Assets. (Bloomberg) Volcano Filmed In 'Lord Of The Rings' As 'Mordor' Begins To Erupt. (Phys.Org)


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Question: Real Tuskegee Airmen Helped 'Red Tails' Take Flight

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The World War II saga Red Tails exploded across the big screen last week with action-filled scenes of  aerial gunfights waged by the Tuskegee Airmen. Amid the battle scenes, the movie also depicts the fight for recognition waged by America's first all-black air force fighting group. The film was inspired by real events, and the actors got instruction from real Tuskegee Airmen — some of whom are nearly 100 years old. "The best thing we got from them was being around them," says David Oyelowo, who plays Joe "Lighting" Little in the movie. He tells Michel Martin, host of NPR's Tell Me More, about one instance when Roscoe Brown, a former captain in the 332nd Fighter Group, tightened his belt and pulled down on his helmet before he started a scene.   "When you get in a cockpit [with] a real Tuskegee Airman having just been, effectively, your costume supervisor, you really feel like you're in that role," the British-born actor says. Learning From Living Legends Brown says he is grateful to have shared the rich history of the first black military aviators. "I'm glad to have been able to have done it," he says. Like many of his fellow airmen, Brown's determination continued after he left combat, or even after the so-called "Red Tails" were honored with a Congressional Gold Medal in 2007. After serving in the military, Brown went on to get a doctorate degree from New York University. He is now the director of the Center for Urban Education Policy at the City University of New York. Brown says the near-impossible missions assigned to the Tuskegee Airmen offered them self-assurance at a time when blacks were largely seen as inferior to their white counterparts. "We did things that sort of defied imagination," Brown says. "You came close to the ground, you cut the grass, you pulled up, you did things like that. That's why we were so confident." As shown in the film, the group strove to prove themselves — knowing that it was more than just their lives on the line. The now-revered aviators were battling for the country as well as for equal footing in society. "Excellence was our mantra — that's what we were taught to be," the 89-year-old veteran says. But it hasn't been easy to make people believe in the Tuskegee Airmen. Selling The Story Red Tails was a tough sell, even with a stamp of approval from George Lucas, the movie's executive producer. It took the film mogul 23 years and $58 million of his personal fortune to make the movie happen, but he still got a frigid response from Hollywood studios. "I showed it to all of them," Lucas told Jon Stewart on The Daily Show earlier this month. "And they said no, we don't know how to market a movie like this." "It's because it's an all-black movie," he explained. "There's no major white roles in it at all. It's one of the first all-black action pictures ever made." Unlike in the film Glory, Lucas says, the movie's black characters aren't sent to certain death by white generals. In Red Tails, they fight for the right to serve for their country — and, in doing so, win one of the first battles in the civil rights movement. "This is not a movie about victims. This is a movie about heroes," Lucas said, which Oyelowo says the producer often told the cast and crew. "He felt like the ideal person to, Moses-like, take us into the promised land, in a sense, because he's noncompromising," Oyelowo says. He attributes disinterest from studios to what he calls a Hollywood "syndrome" that relegates black actors to peripheral and token roles. Box Office Appeal But, like the Tuskegee Airmen themselves, the movie is faring much better than expected. Red Tails opened in second place at the box office last weekend, raking in nearly $19 million despite many unfavorable reviews. Oyelowo says he thinks Red Tails' success comes from audiences' desire for a valiant narrative, and from its appeal to people beyond those who are interested in niche historical films. "In a world in which we all go see Iron Man, Superman, Spider-Man, whatever, these were superheroes who saved the world, and there wasn't a cape in sight," he says. But what does Roscoe Brown, the real Tuskegee Airman, think of the movie? "I'm happy — tremendously happy. I want people to come back this weekend, [and] sit in that seat, because when you sit in that seat you feel like you're in that airplane." Brown adds, "It just shows that excellence will overcome obstacles." MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:  I'm Michel Martin, and this is TELL ME MORE, from NPR News. Coming up, Happy New Year - Lunar New Year, that is. The celebrations are underway, mainly in Asian countries, but around the world, and parades, food and fireworks are on tap. We're going to take a look at how one multicultural family that includes two American-born parents and four adopted Chinese daughters celebrates the holiday. That conversation is just ahead. But now we want to take a look at a film that's bringing new attention to a largely unsung group of American heroes. There have

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Stories: 1) Kevin Costner, Dancing With Death Again 2) On DVD: 'Twin Peaks,' 'Seinfeld,' 'My So-Called Life' 3) Brad Bird and Patton Oswalt, Telling a Rat's Tale 4) 'American Gangster': An American Critique


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Question: Navy SEAL's Medal Of Honor Renews Debate About Controversial Afghanistan Mission

A retired Navy SEAL receives the Medal of Honor at the White House on Thursday. But the award for retired Master Chief Petty Officer Britt Slabinski is renewing a debate in the special operations community over what happened on a snowy mountainside in Afghanistan in 2002. Here & Now‘s Meghna Chakrabarti speaks with Sean Naylor (@SeanDNaylor), a national security correspondent for Yahoo News and author of “Not a Good Day to Die: The Untold Story of Operation Anaconda.”

Good morning. Today's top story broke just as our day began: -- Pope Benedict XVI Is Resigning. Other stories making headlines include: -- Manhunt For Ex-L.A. Cop Continues; "Dorner's LAPD Firing Case Hinged On Credibility." (Los Angeles Times) -- "Tornado Rips Through Hattiesburg, Miss; State Of Emergency Declared." (Mississippi Public Broadcasting) -- After Weekend Blizzard, Weekday Commuters In New England Asked To Use Caution, Take Time; Thousands Of Customers Still Without Power. (WBUR) -- Medal Of Honor Recipient's Heroic Story Told In 'The Outpost'; Medal To Be Awarded Today To Former Army Staff Sgt. Clinton Romesha. (Morning Edition) -- "Senator Vows To Delay Obama's Nominees Over Libya." (The Associated Press) -- "Book News: Pablo Neruda's Body Will Be Exhumed For Autopsy." (Our daily lowdown on books, publishing, and the occasional author behaving badly.)


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For instance you may be given '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details!', 'Judea Pearl Reflects on Death of Murdered Son']' and it should match with '['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'Six years after journalist Daniel Pearl was killed by terrorists while working in Pakistan, his father, Judea Pearl, reflects on what the world learned from the tragic death. Pearl says that his son\'s murder captured attention not just because he was a journalist, but because he stood for America, modernity, pluralism and dialogue.  "Each and every one of us was targeted in Karachi in January of 2002," Pearl writes. "This new twist of killing journalists for what they represent has changed the course of journalism as well as the rest of society." His article, "The Daniel Pearl Standard," appeared Wednesday in the Wall Street Journal.']' but not with '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath"]'.

Question: The NASCAR Experience

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Michael Ivey just took part in Richard Petty's "Driving Experience." It's an opportunity for NASCAR fans to get behind the wheel of a professional race car -- for a fee. He brings the experience back to us.

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Paying Homage To The Female Athletes Who Blazed The Way In Sports

Filmmaker Molly Schiot documents the paths of women who led the way in various sports in the book Game Changers: The Unsung Heroines of Sports History.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Justin Trudeau Battles For His Political Survival As Canada Gets Ready To Vote

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In Canada, campaigning for Monday's election is going down to the wire with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau fighting the battle of his political life. His rise to power as Liberal Party leader four years ago on a message of hope and change now seems a long way off. He has since been implicated in a series of scandals that have him locked in a virtual tie with the opposition Conservative Party in a race that has some distinctly American overtones. This past Wednesday, former President Barack Obama endorsed Trudeau, writing on Twitter that "The world needs his progressive leadership now, and I hope our neighbors to the north support him for another term." Trudeau welcomed the endorsement. "I appreciate the kind words and I'm working to keep the progress going," he told reporters in Quebec, the Liberal power base where polls show he is losing support to the separatist Bloc Québécois party. Andrew Scheer, leader of the opposition Conservative Party, sought to brush the Obama endorsement off altogether, saying, "I've got millions of Canadians behind me. I'm not very interested in what former foreign leaders are saying." Obama remains hugely popular with Canadians. When he left office, his favorability rating in Canada stood at 81%. Scheer and Trudeau, by comparison, have approval ratings below 35%. "This is an election in many ways that comes down to which of these candidates is a credible leader, and the answer in most people's minds is none of the above," says Greg Weston, a longtime political columnist and principal at Earnscliffe Strategy Group in Ottawa. "So, when someone as popular as Obama comes in and endorses Justin Trudeau, it could have a significant impact, because a significant impact in a race this close doesn't have to sway a whole lot of voters." Once a progressive hero, Trudeau's glow has dimmed in recent months. In August, a government watchdog found that he violated ethics law by trying to influence his attorney general to stop the criminal prosecution of SNC-Lavalin, a large Liberal Party-linked engineering firm. Trudeau apologized, saying his motivation was to spare Canadian jobs. Two senior Cabinet ministers quit over the scandal, along with the prime minister's senior political adviser. Then, in September, there were the revelations that Trudeau dressed in brownface and blackface two decades ago. "It was something that I didn't think was racist at the time, but now I recognize it was something racist to do, and I am deeply sorry," Trudeau said. Despite the twin scandals, Scheer has struggled to capitalize. At a rally in suburban Montreal this past week, several hundred Conservative supporters filled a ballroom to listen to him push his message of fiscal responsibility. "We have a plan to get back to balanced budgets over a responsible period of time so we can stop borrowing billions and billions," he told the receptive crowd. Scheer is tall, unassuming and from middle-class roots. He is, in many ways, the opposite of Trudeau, the outgoing, telegenic son of a wealthy political dynasty. A devout Catholic and a married father of five, Scheer is a career politician. He was first elected to Parliament at the age of 25 and then became the youngest speaker of the House of Commons at age 32. Isabelle Lapointe, a Conservative Party candidate from outside Montreal who has worked with Scheer for the past several years, says what you see is what you get with him. "He's a real person like you and I," she said. "He's a real family guy. He's not from a golden tower. He's on the ground." But Scheer and his Conservative Party faces an uphill battle — especially in the critical and vote-rich province of Ontario, where the provincial Conservative government there is deeply unpopular because of cuts to health care and education. Scheer has also been dogged by the revelation earlier this month that he holds joint U.S. citizenship. "My dad was born in the United States," he told reporters. "I grew up in Canada my whole life." Scheer says he submitted the paperwork to renounce his U.S. citizenship to the U.S. Embassy in Ottawa. Political analyst Weston says the revelation has raised questions for some voters about whether Scheer's brand of conservatism is less centrist and Canadian and further to the right and closer to the views held by Republicans in the U.S. Congress. "The conservatives have always been plagued by this notion in Canada that they have a hidden agenda, and that hidden agenda is social conservatism: Are they going to reopen the abortion debate, are they going to bring back capital punishment?" Weston says. That concern has been fueled in part by Scheer's anti-abortion views and by a Conservative campaign that has downplayed the importance of fighting climate change. With voters souring on Trudeau and not warming up to Scheer, third parties have seen a surge of support in the polls. They include the left-leaning New Democratic Party and its charismatic leader, 40-year-old Jagmeet Singh, who is winn

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Democrats Sweep Mayoral Elections In New York, Other Major Cities. -- Maine Approves Medicaid Expansion; Referendums In New York, and Ohio Fail. -- Shaky U.S.-China Trade Relationship Will Top Trump's Agenda In Beijing. -- Trump Used To Disparage An Anti-Bribery Law; Will He Enforce It Now? And here are more early headlines: Protesters Demand That Spain Release Catalan Officials. (BBC) African Union Troops To Leave Somalia. (VOA) New Delhi Pollution Reaches Dangerous Levels. (Reuters) Bolivian Supporters Rally For A 4th Term For Morales. (BBC) Tropical Storm Rina Gains Strength Far Out In Atlantic. (NHC) NBA's James And Green Start Opaque Meme Trend On "Mood". (SI)


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Question: 17 Reasons Your Screenplay Got Rejected

A rejection letter from the Essanay Film Manufacturing  Company (1907-1925), best known for making Charlie Chaplin movies: Hat tip: Boing Boing, via Old Hollywood, via Silent Movies

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: World Music critic MILO MILES reviews guitarist Ry Cooder''s two new collaborations: with Indi...

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World Music critic MILO MILES reviews guitarist Ry Cooder''s two new collaborations: with Indian musician V.M. Bhatt ("A Meeting by the River" -- Water Lily Acoustics label), and with African Guitarist Ali Farka Toure ("Talking Timbuktu" -- on the Hannibal/World Circuit/Rykodisc label).

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Composer, arranger and trumpeter CHICO O-FARRILL. His music combines American jazz with the rhythms of Cuban/Latin Music. The 79-year old's latest CD is called "Carambola" (Milestone Records).


Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today Ted recommends recordings of three great seasonal works: Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker" ballet, Handel's oratorio "Messiah," and "A Ceremony of Carols" by Benjamin Britten.

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth:', 'For several years, StoryCorps booths have allowed ordinary people relate their own stories to be preserved in a huge and growing collection in the Library of Congress.']>>  to <<['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Stories off the sidewalk']>>

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: More Cities Are Handing People Cash With No Strings Attached. Here's Why

The idea of giving Americans cash without conditions once seemed radical. But the pandemic has changed that.  The spotlight on income inequality has pushed the concept of a guaranteed income into the mainstream. In recent months, nearly two dozen American cities have signed on. Los Angeles may soon become the largest U.S. city to try it. It's considering a plan to provide $1,000 a month to at least 1,000 households. The pandemic hit America's lowest-wage workers hard: people working in restaurants, hotels and shops. A recent study shows poverty has risen sharply.  "Unfortunately, without COVID and without the pandemic and the economic downturn, I don't know if we would be having the conversations with the intensity that we are regarding guaranteed income," said Aisha Nyandoro,  executive director of Springboard to Opportunities, home to a guaranteed income project in Jackson, Miss. "But we are. So we'll take it." Nyandoro's program started in 2018, way before the pandemic. It targeted moms like Tia Cunningham, who got a call from Springboard to Opportunities' Magnolia Mother's Trust three years ago offering her "a late Christmas present." Cunningham says she was surprised and happy when she was selected to receive $1,000 each month for a year — cash payments with no strings attached. The mother of three says the money got her out of subsidized housing and helped her save for a down payment on a house, which she moved into in 2019. When the pandemic hit, she had some security. "I put it to good use. I did a whole lot," Cunningham said. The Jackson, Miss., project started with just 20 moms. Others that have followed are larger but have similarly been funded by philanthropists. The project in Los Angeles stands out because it would use public money. But advocates have even more ambitious plans. They want this fringe concept to go universal in the form of a guaranteed payment to every American family. Andrew Yang, a Democratic candidate for New York City mayor, made it the centerpiece of his last campaign — for president. "I want to give every American $1,000 a month," he said at a Democratic primary debate last February.  Many credit Yang with helping bring the idea into the mainstream. "He did a really good job of getting the idea out there and getting people very interested in it," said Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow in economic studies at The Brookings Institution. In the mid-1990s, Sawhill served on President Bill Clinton's welfare task force. She sees this current push for guaranteed income as a reaction to policies that largely ended welfare under Clinton. Those policies cut off cash payments to people who didn't have jobs, no matter how poor they were, with the idea of incentivizing work. As a task force member, Sawhill traveled the country to meet with recipients. "One of the things that surprised me is that a lot of welfare moms really don't like welfare," Sawhill said. "It's not their first choice. They'd much rather be working." For years before the welfare reform of 1996, critics stigmatized the people who received it, according to Jesse Rothstein, a professor of public policy at UC Berkeley and economics faculty director at the California Policy Lab. "Much of the motivation for welfare reform was a sense that there were a lot of people who could work but weren't working because they preferred to stay on welfare," Rothstein said. One of the enduring examples has been the so-called "welfare queen" trope, popularized by conservatives. "In Chicago, they found a woman who holds the record," Ronald Reagan said in a radio address in 1976, four years before he ascended to the White House. "She used 80 names, 30 addresses, 15 telephone numbers to collect food stamps, Social Security, veterans benefits for four, nonexistent, deceased veterans' husbands, as well as welfare. Her tax-free cash income alone has been running $150,000 a year." More than four decades later, poverty has endured. Mayors from Richmond, Va., to Oakland, Calif., see guaranteed income projects as a way to address it. A recent project in Stockton, Calif., challenged the belief that free money discouraged work. After a year, it showed full-time employment rose 12 percentage points among recipients. A lot of it went toward paying for food and bills, a study by the project's organizers found. "I think these experiments are great because they're giving money to people who are often quite poor and need the money," said Rothstein. But he adds that pilot projects around the country have been relatively small in scope. Stockton's pilot included 125 people and ran for two years.  "I think that they're really limited in what we can learn from them," Rothstein said. Conservative critics agree. "The kinds of concerns that most conservatives have about the impact on work are not going to typically show up one year into the experiment," said Scott Winship, resident scholar and director of poverty studies at the American Enterprise Institute. "They're

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Assange To Use Money From Book Deal To Pay Lawyers, Keep WikiLeaks Going

He has to write a book, WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange tells the news media in Great Britain, to keep his operation running and to pay the lawyers who are trying to keep him from being extradited from the U.K. to Sweden for questioning about alleged sex crimes. Deals for books to be published in the U.K. and U.S. will reportedly bring him about $1.7 million. ABCNews.com has posted video of Assange talking about the trove of U.S. diplomatic cables that WikiLeaks has been releasing. And at the end of the 11-minute clip, Assange walks away when reporter Jim Sciutto tries to ask about the Swedish allegations:

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Good Thursday morning, here are our early stories: In Israel And Gaza Strip: More Explosions, Deaths On Both Sides. BP Expected To Plead Guilty, Pay Record Fine In Gulf Oil Spill Criminal Case. And here are more headlines: Gen. Petraeus Agrees To Testify Before Congress On Benghazi Attack. (Los Angeles Times) Home Foreclosures Up In Oct., But Fall From Last Year's Level. (Reuters) Eurozone Countries Plunge Back Into Recession. (BBC) Ill Indian Woman Denied Abortion In Ireland, Dies. (AFP) Colorado Theater Shooting Suspect In Hospital After Ramming Head Into Jail Wall. (Denver Post) States Face Friday Deadline On Whether To Run Health Insurance Exchanges. (McClatchy Newspapers) Ecuador To Kill Millions Of Rats To Preserve Galapagos Islands Rare Species. (AP) World's Biggest Liar Contest Coming In England: Politicians, Lawyers Not Allowed. (AP)


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

I'm on vacation this week, and thus no Political Junkie column, Talk of the Nation appearance or podcast for me. But giving up ScuttleButton? No way. ScuttleButton, of course, is that once-a-week waste of time exercise in which each Monday or Tuesday I put up a vertical display of buttons on this site. Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) For years, a correct answer chosen at random would get his or her name posted in this column, an incredible honor in itself. Now the stakes are even higher. Thanks to the efforts of the folks at Talk of the Nation, that person also hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain. Is this a great country or what? You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state — you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. (Why do people keep forgetting to include their name and city/state?) And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be among the first on your block to receive notice about the column and the puzzle. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck! By the way, I always announce the winner on Wednesday's Junkie segment on TOTN — seven or eight days after the puzzle goes up. So you should try and get your answer in as soon as possible. But logistically, you have about a week to submit your guess. Here are the buttons used and the answer to last week's puzzle: L-F-G Nov. 7th — As everyone figured out the moment they laid eyes on this button, it's from the 1961 New York City Republican ticket: Louis Lefkowitz for mayor, Paul Fino for City Council President and Jack Gilhooley for Comptroller. All three lost to the Democratic ticket led by Mayor Robert Wagner Jr. No More Bull****/M.-B. — A 1969 New York City mayoral button of Democratic candidates Norman Mailer for mayor and Jimmy Breslin for city council president. N Need Nixon Now — Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968. Terry Miller Governor — Miller lost the 1982 Republican primary in Alaska. My President (photo of Bill Clinton in his hippie-but-didn't-inhale days) — Never could determine if this was a pro- or anti-Clinton button. Bonner County Sportsmen's Assn/Idaho (picture of a trout and a deer) — Not exactly a political button but I didn't have much choice. Watson — Albert Watson was the Republican candidate for governor of South Carolina in 1970. So, when you combine L + M + N + Terry + My + Deer + Watson, you may just very well end up with ... Elementary My Dear Watson. The line that Sherlock Holmes never actually said to his assistant Watson in any of the Arthur Conan Doyle books. (The movie is another story.) The winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Jeff Troia of Madison, Wis. Jeff gets not only the coveted Political Junkie t-shirt — but the Official No Prize Button as well!

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Last Day In Office: President Reagan

Jim Kuhn, who served as President Reagan's advance man, personal assistant and, finally, executive assistant from 1976 until 1989, talks about Reagan's last 24 hours in office. He shares with NPR's Melissa Block his memories of a presidency in its final hours.

Uncle Don's Ego; The 500 Million Dollar Man; Alexander Shamilton.


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E.g. given '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Interior Department Issues New Fracking Rules For Federal Lands']' it should be close to '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'The Department of the Interior has unveiled new regulations on hydraulic fracturing operations that take place on federal lands, requiring companies using the drilling technique to ensure wells are safe and to disclose chemicals used in the process. The rules change follows a more than three-year review process and will affect the 90 percent of oil and gas wells on federal lands that now use so-called fracking to extract oil and gas. "Current federal well-drilling regulations are more than 30 years old and they simply have not kept pace with the technical complexities of today\'s hydraulic fracturing operations," Interior Secretary Sally Jewell said. Key provisions of the new rules, set to go into effect in 90 days, include:  Requiring strong cement barriers between the well and any water zones it passes through. Requiring companies to publicly disclose chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing to the Bureau of Land Management through the website FracFocus, within 30 days of completing fracturing operations. Stricter storage protocols for recovered waste water used in fracking. Measures to lower the risk of cross-contamination from fracking chemicals by requiring companies to submit detailed information on the geology, depth and locations of wells that already exist.  "This rule will protect public health and the environment during and after hydraulic fracturing operations at a modest cost while both respecting the work previously done by the industry, the states and the tribes and promoting the adoption of more protective standards across the country," said Assistant Secretary for Land and Minerals Management Janice Schneider. The Associated Press writes:  "The rule has been under consideration for more than three years, drawing criticism from the oil and gas industry and environmental groups. The industry fears the regulation could hinder the drilling boom, while some environmental groups worry that it could allow unsafe drilling techniques to pollute groundwater. "The final rule hews closely to a draft that has been lingering since the Obama administration proposed it in May 2013. The rule relies on an online database used by at least 16 states to track the chemicals used in fracking operations."']' but not to '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music."]'.

Question: Israel Gives African Asylum-Seekers A Choice: Deportation Or Jail

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Take $3,500 and a one-way ticket to Africa by April, or face forced deportation or jail. This is Israel's new plan for thousands of East African migrants, mostly from Eritrea and Sudan, who crossed the Sinai Desert into Israel over the last decade. The policy, announced Jan. 1, has sparked panic among migrants, who say they took perilous journeys to Israel seeking refuge from hardship, and it has been criticized by the U.N. Refugee Agency. The issue has also renewed an emotional debate among Israelis about whether their country owes the migrants safe haven. Not all of them are being deported. Women, children, families and those with pending asylum requests submitted before 2018 get to stay, Israeli authorities say. It's single men who Israel claims are economic migrants who are receiving deportation notices. Some of the men had their asylum bid rejected. Others never submitted one. About 34,000 African migrants are in Israel today. Some bear the scars of abuse and torture by Egyptian Bedouin smugglers in Sinai on their way to Israel. Many tell stories of escaping war in Darfur, or compulsory military service in Eritrea that often conscripts men for decades. For years, the Israeli army took them in as they crossed the desert border by foot. They were loaded onto buses and taken to Tel Aviv. Today work as janitors and street cleaners, or cooks and dishwashers in Tel Aviv's trendy restaurants and cafés. They consider themselves asylum-seekers and refugees. But Israel's official term for them is "infiltrators," having crossed the border illegally. Israeli officials argue the overwhelming majority are economic migrants who came to Israel in search of work, are a burden on society and threaten the country's Jewish character. Migrant advocates argue they only make up less than half of a percent of Israel's population and that they are being targeted for their skin color. They are also an important part of the country's workforce, performing many jobs Palestinians used to do before a wave of Palestinian violence led Israel to curb Palestinians' work permits. One recent morning, Eritreans and Sudanese lined up in a dusty lot outside an immigration office. The earliest ones arrived at 4 a.m. One by one, some walked out with a colorful flyer requesting their "voluntary departure," and a letter. "Greetings," the letter begins. "We would like to inform you that Israel has signed arrangements allowing you to leave Israel to a safe, third-party country that will welcome you and give you a residence permit that will allow you to work in the country and ensure you are not expelled to your home country." Those who self-deport within the grace period will receive a $3,500 stipend upon their departure, the letter says. The letter does not name the country where they will be sent. Reportedly, Israel has made deals with Rwanda and Uganda to receive the migrants, though both countries deny signing any such deals. "It is a country that in the last decade has developed greatly and absorbs thousands of returning residents and immigrants from various African countries," the letter says of the destination. The letter says those who do not leave voluntarily could be deported with a stipend significantly less than $3,500 and Israel will not permit them to take a portion of the money they made while working in Israel. Every man NPR spoke with who received a deportation notice said he would choose Israeli jail — and refuse to leave. "If I didn't have a problem in my own country, why am I being sent to another country?" asked Mehretab Seyim, 28, just after stepping out of the immigration office with a deportation notice in hand. His question gets to the heart of the issue. Seyim said he fled an oppressive mandatory military service in Eritrea. According to the U.N., Eritrean military service is "prolonged and indefinite" with abusive conditions including using conscripts as forced labor. Israel doesn't consider the draft in Eritrea a reason for asylum, arguing it is not considered persecution. On the other hand, Israel is a signatory to the U.N.'s 1951 Refugee Convention and, based on assessments by the U.N. Refugee Agency, accepts it would be dangerous to send Eritreans and Sudanese to their home countries. The U.N. human rights body says Eritrea is ruled by a totalitarian regime with a "wholesale disregard for liberty," while violence continues in conflict-stricken areas of Sudan. So Israel has granted temporary protected status to Eritreans and Sudanese, and longer-term humanitarian permits to several hundred Sudanese from the war-torn Darfur region. After years of efforts to pressure the migrants to go — including withholding part of their salaries until they left the country, holding some of them in an open detention facility — and fights with the Israeli Supreme Court over what enforcement measures were permissible, the government enticed thousands to leave to Africa with stipends. It has toughened those efforts with the new deportat

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lawmakers Seek Federal 'Oversight' Of Workers' Comp As States Limit Benefits. -- Syria's Assad Visits Moscow To Discuss Military Plans With Putin. -- U.S. Fighter Jet Reportedly Crashes Near Air Base In England. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Visit West Virginia, Discuss Plan To Fight Drug Abuse. (Time) Amnesty International Fears For Rohingya Muslims Missing At Sea. (VOA) Slovenia Asks For E.U. Help To Deal With Thousands Of Migrants. (AFP) Mexico To Restart Investigation Into Fate Of 43 Missing Students. (BBC) Tropical Storm Patricia Forms Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (NHC) Top U.S. Navy Officials Visit China's Aircraft Carrier To Smooth Ties. (Reuters) Singapore Church Leaders Convicted In Pop Music Fraud Scheme. (Sydney Morning Herald) Why Vultures Can Eat Rotting Carcasses And Not Get Sick. (Phys.org)


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Question: Chinese Dissident Leaves U.S. Embassy In Beijing

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Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is in China for meetings that were planned to be about trade and security. But before she even left for China, blind dissident Chen Guangcheng, who escaped from house arrest last week, was the main topic. Guangcheng has not asked for asylum.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Ebola Stricken Nurse Appears Well In Video. -- Hong Kong Police Launch Dawn Raid To Dismantle Protest Site. And here are more early headlines: Russia Criticizes Talks With Ukrainian, European Leaders. (NBC) Monster Hurricane Gonzalo Sweeps Close To Bermuda. (NHC) Hawaii To Be Brushed This Weekend By Hurricane. (Central Pacific Hurricane Center) At Least 29 Hikers Killed By Nepal Blizzard, Avalanches. (Radio New Zealand) Opposition In Mozambique Claims Election Fraud. (BBC) Pakistani Court Upholds Woman's Blasphemy Death Sentence. (New York Times) Japanese Leader Sends Gift To Controversial Shrine, Angering China. (Businessweek) Cambodian Genocide Trial Restarts Against Khmer Rouge Leaders. (Wall Street Journal) Kayakers Block Australian Port In Environmental Protest. (Guardian) "Old Ironsides", Oldest Floating U.S. Commissioned Warship, To Be Restored. (AP)


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Question: 7 Decades Ago, Puerto Ricans Helped Transform New York City's Workforce

Thousands of Puerto Ricans who came to the mainland to flee Hurricane Maria damage have settled in New York City. This mimics the influx of Puerto Ricans 70 years ago.

Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?