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Question: Trump Makes Bipartisan Pitch In First State Of The Union, But Also Plays To Base

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Updated on Jan. 31 at 12:47 a.m. ET President Trump sought to strike a unifying tone with his first State of the Union address, but some of his rhetoric on immigration and his promise to put "America First" was clearly aimed at his base. As a March 5 deadline approaches for Congress to come up with a legislative implementation of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, Trump outlined the ways he wants to roll back legal immigration as a compromise for giving a path to citizenship for up to an estimated 1.8 million undocumented immigrants brought here as children. But his rhetoric elicited boos from Democrats in the chamber — underscoring the very real difficulty of reaching a bipartisan deal — as the president alluded to the common term of "DREAMers" for those immigrants. "My duty, and the sacred duty of every elected official in this chamber, is to defend Americans — to protect their safety, their families, their communities, and their right to the American dream," Trump said. "Because Americans are dreamers too." Trump also pointed out guests in the chamber whose children had allegedly been killed by the MS-13 gang, and he called on Congress "to finally close the deadly loopholes that have allowed MS-13, and other criminals, to break into our country." "For decades, open borders have allowed drugs and gangs to pour into our most vulnerable communities. They've allowed millions of low-wage workers to compete for jobs and wages against the poorest Americans. Most tragically, they have caused the loss of many innocent lives," Trump said. And throughout, Trump highlighted his "America First" agenda. For example, in terms of legal immigration, Trump wants to end the visa lottery system, limit family reunification policies to spouses and children only and build a "great wall" along the Southern border, which was a signature campaign promise. "We are proud that we do more than any other country to help the needy, the struggling, and the underprivileged all over the world. But as president of the United States, my highest loyalty, my greatest compassion, my constant concern is for America's children, America's struggling workers, and America's forgotten communities," Trump said. Trump addresses a very divided nation Trump's first year has been marked by record low approval ratings, and a majority of Americans said in a recent NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll that Trump has done more to divide the country than to unite it. Trump didn't mention at all the albatross that has hung over nearly his entire presidency — the ongoing special counsel investigation into whether his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election. And Trump only mentioned Russia — which he has been accused of being too cozy with — once in the entire speech. "As we rebuild America's strength and confidence at home, we are also restoring our strength and standing abroad," Trump said. "Around the world, we race rogue regimes, terrorist groups, and rivals like China and Russia that challenge our interests, our economy, and our values," he said. Nonetheless, Trump began the address with a unifying, uplifting tone, talking about how Americans have responded to tragedies the country has faced over the past year, from natural disasters to mass shootings. "Over the last year, the world has seen what we always knew: that no people on earth are so fearless, or daring, or determined as Americans. If there is a mountain, we climb it. If there's a frontier, we cross it. If there's a challenge, we tame it. If there is an opportunity, we seize it," Trump said. "So let's begin tonight by recognizing that the state of our union is strong because our people are strong. And together, we are building a safe, strong and proud America." "But through it all, we have seen the beauty of America's soul, and the steel in America's spine. Each test has forged new American heroes to remind us who we are, and show us what we can be," the president continued. He also pointed out House Majority Whip Steve Scalise, R-La.,  who survived a life-threatening shooting at a congressional baseball practice last June, calling him the "legend from Louisiana." "In the aftermath of that terrible shooting, we came together not as Republicans or Democrats, but as representatives of the people. But it is not enough to come together only in times of tragedy," Trump said. "Tonight, I call upon all of us to set aside our differences, to seek out common ground, and to summon the unity we need to deliver for the people. This is really the key. These are the people we were elected to serve." Despite his comments about the need for national unity, the president also forcefully highlighted one of his more divisive comments early in his remarks Tuesday. Trump alluded to his call to fire NFL players who kneel during the national anthem. Many saw those remarks at the time as racially charged, given that most of the athletes taking a knee as a silent protest were black players seeking t

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No Closer To DACA Deal, Republicans Push Plan B To Keep Government Open. -- Ex-CIA Officer Arrested On Suspicion Of Exposing U.S. Spy Network In China. -- Majority Of National Park Service Board Resigns Citing Administration Indifference. -- Opioid Crisis Blamed For Sharp Increase In Accidental Deaths In U.S. -- Bright Light, Sonic Boom As Likely Meteor Streaks Across Southern Michigan. And here are more early headlines: Winter Storm Warnings, Advisories Across U.S. East. (NWS) Stop-Gap Spending Bill Imperiled By Conservative GOP, Democrats. (AP) In Vancouver Meeting, Korean War Allies Discuss North Korea. (Los Angeles Times) Bob Dole To Be Awarded Congressional Gold Medal. (Politico) Waiting For "The Fakeys": Will Trump's Fake News Awards Event Happen? (Reuters)


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Question: In Egypt, More Proof That George W. Bush Was Right

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Lee Smith is senior editor at The Weekly Standard. Two weeks of massive street protests have given Egyptians their voice and today  Hosni Mubarak has heard them. If the events that led to Mubarak's resignation  after 30 years as president came as a surprise to many longtime observers of  the Middle East, there's one former US policymaker who has some reason to boast  that he saw it coming. President George W. Bush's Freedom Agenda was based on the notion that around the world all men share the desire for liberty. It was our founding fathers who put forth the idea that this was not merely a human aspiration but a natural right, and it was the many generations of our forefathers who fought for that right, both at home and abroad. The Arabs had not been born with that privilege. Instead, they were ruled by princes and presidents for life whose governance amounted to little more than repression and the instruments of torture used by the various regimes' so-called security apparatuses. With no room to act freely in their political lives, it was little wonder that Arabs turned to violence and extremism. In the wake of Sept. 11, Bush believed that freedom was not only best for the Arabs, but also a vital national interest that would keep Americans, U.S. allies and interests around the world safe from terrorism. The Freedom Agenda became the cornerstone of the Bush administration's Middle East policy. Iraq was first on the Freedom Agenda as the 2003 invasion toppled Saddam Hussein, one of the region's bloodiest tyrants, and set in motion a democratic process — free elections, popular representation, accountability and rule by consent of the governed. With the symbolic image of the purple-stained fingers of first-time Iraqi voters still fresh in their minds, the Lebanese were next. After the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, more than a million Lebanese went to the streets on March 14, 2005, to demand their freedom, sovereignty and independence. And suddenly, after years of occupation, Syrian troops were gone from Lebanon. The Bush administration even scored a success in Egypt, where the White House got Mubarak to hold what were the country's freest presidential elections ever, up until now anyway. The Freedom Agenda's worst setbacks were, paradoxically, an index of its success. In the 2006 Palestinian Authority elections, the electorate brought to power Hamas; and in Lebanon, Hezbollah was also empowered at the polls. The administration had not anticipated that a democratic system would pave the way for parties with nondemocratic ideas. The unfortunate fact is that assuming Mubarak does keep to his word and step down come September, we may see something similar happen in Egypt, where the Muslim Brotherhood is the most organized, if not necessarily the most popular, party in the country. In Lebanon, Hezbollah has taken over the government, and Iraq is perhaps teetering on the verge of another round of violence. In other words, the Freedom Agenda's scorecard is mixed. So was Bush right? In one sense, it will be years, perhaps decades or even longer before we can have an accurate accounting. It is worth recalling that all these nascent Arab democracies are just now taking root in a part of the world with a culture and history many times older than that of the United States, arguably the world's oldest democracy. This is a messy process, democracy, and intentionally so. It is not by any means a perfect system, but it is the ideal form of governance to account for the imperfect nature of man, the political animal. That is to say, in another sense, yes, Bush was right, and every American knows it — for it is only democracy that allows those voices not only to be heard, but to reach consensus without resorting to violence.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2.


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Examples:
'['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Nicholas Alan: 'Somebody Who Knows Me'"]' == '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Singer, songwriter Nicholas Alan blends jazz-chord pop with Beach Boys-style harmonies.  Alan describes his songs on his debut cd, A World Like Ours, as "uplifting and comforting, telling of love, loss, desire, and the need to be true to yourself by going after what you want." Alan is a native of Hollywood, Fla., but grew up in Marietta, Ga.  The son of an Atlanta jazz musician, Alan was raised listening to seasoned musicians at the top of their game, playing a wide variety of pop, jazz, and rock.   Now 24 years old, Alan lives and works in Atlanta, Ga.']' != '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Stories: 1) 'Headmaster' Has Still Got Plenty of Soul 2) Sarah Johns' 'Big Love in a Small Town'"]'

Question: Climate Change Update

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A new study says glaciers in the Antarctic Peninsula have been melting over the past 50 years, and that retreat has accelerated in the past five years. We look at the severity of climate change from the Antarctic to the Arctic, examine climate data, and find out how climate scientists respond to skeptics.   Guests:   Elizabeth Kolbert, political correspondent, The New Yorker     Michael E. Mann, professor, Department of Environmental Sciences,  University of Virginia  David Vaughan, principal investigator, Glacial Retreat in Antarctica and Deglaciation of the Earth System, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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For instance, <<['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'The United States has declassified a series of satellite images it says show the kinds of weaponry the Syrian regime is using against its own people. The first image was released on the Facebook page of the U.S. Embassy in Damascus. It was accompanied by a note from Embassador Robert Ford, who in the past has  taken to Facebook to criticize the regime of President Bashar Assad. In his post, Ford says leaving Syria, after the U.S. government suspended work at the embassy, was "without exaggeration ... the most emotionally taxing day of my career as a Foreign Service Officer." Ford added that blaming the protesters for any of the violence is wrong because "the Syrian government consistently initiates the attacks on civilian areas, and it is using its heaviest weapons." To that end, Victoria Nuland, spokeswoman for the State Department, described the satellite image like this: "Declassified U.S. national imagery [shows the] destruction of Homs, very gruesome pictures showing lines of tanks, showing fires, showing the kind of thing that you really only see if you have a major military attacking in a civilian area," Nuland said. "Our intent here is to obviously expose the ruthlessness or the brutality of this regime and its overwhelming predominant military advantage and the horrible kinds of weaponry that it\'s deploying against its people." Today, the State Department declassified some more images, which it says shows "artillery operationally deployed" toward different Syrian cities. CNN\'s says the images are part of "stepped up intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance operations over Syria." Quoting an unnamed "senior U.S. official," CNN reports that the U.S. is trying to corroborate the reports that are coming out of Syria.']>>  to <<['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'U.S. Says Satellite Images Show Weaponry Syria Is Using Against Civilians']>>

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Three quotes, all from or involving new books that made the news this week.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Syrian Official Quits, Cites Regime's Brutality

A Syrian official has released a YouTube video announcing his resignation and  accusing President Bashar Assad's regime of killing dozens of unarmed protesters while they were in custody. In the video — which appeared online Wednesday — Adnan Mohammad al-Bakkour, the attorney general of Hama province, says he has detailed information on the deaths of scores of anti-government protesters on a single day. The statement is one of the most detailed accounts of the government's crackdown since the Syrian uprising began in March. Wearing a light blue sport coat and sitting behind a desk, Bakkour says he has information that 72 anti-government protesters were killed in detention on July 31. That was the first day of the so-called Ramadan offensive in Hama, when army troops and tanks rolled into the embattled central city that has been a center of protest. Bakkour says he also knows about more than 400 protesters who were killed by security forces and left in mass graves in public parks. He says he was asked to prepare a fabricated report saying the victims were killed by armed gangs. He says thousands of protesters have been detained, that hundreds of these have been tortured, and that the army destroyed homes in Hama while people were still inside. Defector Accuses Officials By Name Then, in perhaps the most surprising part of the video, Bakkour names names, including Minister of the Interior Muhammad al-Shaar and various officers in the military and intelligence agencies. These men, Bakkour says, are directly responsible for the deaths. He says he will provide documents and witnesses at a later time. The entire statement lasts only a couple of minutes. It ends with a warning: "Never think that God is oblivious to what the unjust are doing." Bakkour spoke in Arabic, with English subtitles appearing on the video. Shortly after the video emerged, Syrian state TV broadcast a story claiming that terrorists had kidnapped Bakkour and forced him to make the statement at gunpoint. The state media cited Bakkour's driver and bodyguard as the source for the information. The driver said seven men armed with Kalashnikov rifles surrounded Bakkour's car. He said he tried to make an emergency phone call at the time, but the network was busy and he couldn't get through. But after that report aired, Bakkour then issued another video statement. It was first broadcast Thursday on the Saudi-owned TV station Al Arabiya. Bakkour wears the same sport coat, this time with no tie. "I quit my post to protest the savage behavior of the regime toward peaceful protesters," he says. "The Syrian state TV version is devoid of truth." "I am under the protection of the revolutionaries," he adds. "I will give live statements as soon as I am outside the country." Activists say Bakkour is seeking ways to be smuggled out of Syria. They say the crackdown in Hama has only intensified, as authorities go door to door, looking for him. MELISSA BLOCK, Host:  This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. ROBERT SIEGEL, Host:  As NPR's Kelly McEvers reports, the statement is one of the most detailed accounts of the government crackdown since the Syrian uprising began in March. KELLY MCEVERS: In the video, Adnan Mohammad al-Bakkour wears a light blue sport coat and sits behind a desk. ADNAN MOHAMMAD AL: (Foreign language spoken) MCEVERS: He says he has information that 72 anti-government protesters were killed in detention on July 31st. That was the first day of the so-called Ramadan offensive in Hama, when troops and tanks rolled into a city that had been a center of protest. Bakkour says he also knows about more than 400 protesters who were killed by security forces and left in mass graves in public parks. He says he was asked to prepare a report saying the victims were killed by armed gangs. BAKKOUR: (Foreign language spoken) MCEVERS: He says thousands of protesters have been detained, hundreds of these have been tortured. And he says the army destroyed homes in Hama while people were still inside. Then, in perhaps the most shocking segment of the video, he names names. BAKKOUR: (Foreign language spoken) MCEVERS: The minister of interior and various officers in the military and intelligence agencies, men he says are directly responsible for the deaths. He says he'll provide documents and witnesses at a later time. MOHAMMAD AL: Never think that God is oblivious to what the unjust are doing. BAKKOUR: (Foreign language spoken) MCEVERS: Bakkour then issued another video statement. It was first broadcast on the Saudi-owned TV network Al Arabiya. Bakkour wears the same sport coat - this time with no tie. BAKKOUR: (Foreign language spoken) MCEVERS: Kelly McEvers, NPR News, Beirut.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: Iran, Israel, Defense Cuts To Be Key Topics At Hagel Hearing.  Hack Attack On 'New York Times' Looks Like Part Of Chinese Campaign.  And here are more early headlines: Alabama Gunman Still Holds Child Hostage, Negotiations Continue. (WSFA-TV) French Troops Take Northern Malian Airport From Rebels, Urge Peace Talks. (Wall Street Journal) U.N. Panel Declares Israeli Settlement Policy Illegal; Urges A Stop. (AP) Federal Prosecutors Seek 50-Year Sentence For Fraudulent Iowa Financier. (Businessweek) Suspect Behind Te'o Fake Online Girlfriend Confesses Romantic Feelings For Him. (CNN) Australian Prime Minister Calls Election; Opposition Leader To Campaign On 'Trust'. (Guardian) Strong 6.0 Earthquake Shakes Southeastern Alaska, No Injuries Reported. (UPI) China Cuts More Emissions As Choking Smog Thickens. (New York Times) Fire At German Farm Kills 86 Camels. (Spiegel Online)


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Question: World Cafe Next: Bonny Doon

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When you hear that a band is from Detroit, you might expect clever, loose and melodic pop. But Bonny Doon, built around the songwriting duo of Bill Lennox and Bobby Colombo, isn't descended either from The Stooges' hard rock or from Motown. Instead, the band boasts a mix of hazy pop gems that gather strength from Lennox's sharp lyrics. Bonny Doon released some demos as an EP in 2015 and has a self-titled debut LP coming next month. Hear two songs in the downloadable segment above.

Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Modest Mouse, Lucinda Williams, more. With host Bob Boilen.


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Question: The Jamestown Project

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Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Jimmy Fallon To Parkland Graduates: 'That Was You Choosing Hope Over Fear'

Jimmy Fallon made a surprise visit at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School's graduation ceremony on Sunday, nearly four months after the students survived a shooting that killed 17 of their classmates and teachers. In his commencement speech, Fallon offered comic relief and thanked the student activists who have been spearheading gun control reform. "Today you're graduating from high school," Fallon, host of The Tonight Show, said. "You should feel incredibly proud of yourselves. That doesn't mean you should rest on your laurels — or your yannys." Yannys and Laurels aside, he continued, "Here's what will matter: You, the class of 2018, will have graduated. And you won't be classmates anymore. You'll be adults who Facebook search each other at two in the morning for the next 10 years." In simultaneous dig at himself, and a nod to the far-reaching movement inspired by MSD students who showed not all change-makers are adults, Fallon humorously ushered in the occasion as "Opposite Day." "When you think of commencement speakers, you think of people who are inspirational, people who are eloquent, people who've changed the world," he said. "When you think of high school students, you think of people who are immature, slightly awkward, still learning to be an adult." In the ceremony's venue, the BB&T Center, home to the Florida Panthers hockey team, Fallon then delivered the graduating seniors some "real-world advice." "When something feels hard, remember that it gets better. Choose to move forward. Don't let anything stop you," he told the graduates, who wore sashes that read "MSD Strong." The families of the four seniors who had died in the shooting — Nicholas Dworet, Joaquin Oliver,  Meadow Pollack, Carmen Schentrup — accepted diplomas on their behalf.  He mentioned having met some of the students at the "March for Our Lives" protest in Washington, D.C., earlier this year: "It was an amazing day." "Thank you for your courage and your bravery," he said, "and for giving amazing speeches I could never possibly live up to." He says he and his wife brought his two young daughters to Sunday's event "because we wanted them to see what hope and light looks like." The comedian poked fun at what, at first, he saw as a personal setback for his younger self, who he said "wasn't dumb" but "just had other strengths." Obligated to go to summer school, happily, he said, it turned out "I met 15 versions of myself. Everyone was funny — and slightly dumb. I loved summer school!" In other words, he said, "Some things that seem like setbacks can take our lives in a totally new direction — they change us in ways we don't expect. And they make us better, and stronger." "You guys have already proven that to everyone," he said. "You took something horrific, and instead of letting it stop you, you started a movement." "The whole world has heard your voice. And that was you making a choice," he said. "That was you choosing hope over fear." You can listen to Fallon's full commencement speech below:

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: Apple's Proposed Royalty Rates Could Change The Game For Streaming Services

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Apple has proposed new rates for streaming services to pay in songwriting royalties. The filing was made to the Copyright Royalty Board recommending that songwriting royalties of 9.1 cents be paid every 100 times a song is played. But is that sustainable for all streaming services, including those who offer free memberships like Pandora and Spotify? Here & Now’s Meghna Chakrabarti speaks with CBS News business analyst Jill Schlesinger about the new royalty proposal. Guest Jill Schlesinger, CBS News business analyst and host of “Jill on Money.” She tweets @jillonmoney.

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We look at the origins of three new media giants: Before They Ruled The World, They Were Grad Students; The Very Long Road to Very Short Messages; and Turning Nerds with Webcams Into Stars (Who Are Still Nerds With Webcams).


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Question: How Sarbanes-Oxley Has Affected Corporate Culture

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Linda Thomsen, director of enforcement at the Securities and Exchange Commission, discusses how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has changed corporate culture. The law is meant to protect investors by providing more accountability and transparency of investments.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Pedestrian Bridge From Tijuana To San Diego Finally Underway

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It’s been in the works for more than twenty years, but construction has finally begun on a pedestrian bridge that will connect Mexico’s Tijuana Airport with a customs office across the border in San Diego — allowing airline travelers to cross in both directions. From the Here & Now Contributors Network, Adrian Florido of the Fronteras Desk at KPBS San Diego, explains what the bridge that spans two countries could mean for parties on both sides of the border.

KPBS: Construction On Airport Terminal Linking Tijuana To San Diego Is Off The Ground

Reporter

Adrian Florido, reporter for the KPBS Fronteras Desk. He tweets @adrianflorido.
 ROBIN YOUNG, HOST:  It's HERE AND NOW. The cities of Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego, California, share a climate, a culture, a border and soon, a new bridge. It's been in the works for more than 20 years, but construction has finally begun on a pedestrian walkway that will connect Mexico's Tijuana Airport with a customs office just across the border in San Diego, allowing airline passengers to travel in both directions. From the HERE AND NOW contributors network, Adrian Florido from the Fronteras Desk at KPBS, explains that the bridge that spans two countries could mean for parties on both sides of the border. ADRIAN FLORIDO, BYLINE: The Tijuana Airport sits up against the international border fence. Many San Diegans traveling to Mexico cross the border to fly out of Tijuana. (SOUNDBITE OF PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT) FLORIDO: Bob Lowell(ph) and Laurie Parks(ph) did that recently. They chose Tijuana's airport over San Diego's for a recent trip to Cabo. BOB LOWELL: So pricewise, it was about 40 percent cheaper to fly out of here, which seemed totally worth it. FLORIDO: They planned to return on a Sunday, but because that's when many weekend visitors return, I warned them the wait to cross back into San Diego would likely be hours. LOWELL: Oh. (LAUGHTER) LAURIE PARKS: You're not giving me much hope. Isn't the point of this saying it's like an easy thing to do? Like you're talking us out of it right now. FLORIDO: But soon Parks' problem won't be a problem. Near the airport, workers are building a 525-foot pedestrian bridge that's going to go right over the border fence and connect to a customs station soon to be built in an empty field on the San Diego side. Airline passengers will be able to cross in both directions. CINDY GOMPPER-GRAVES: It has been a very long time coming, but it is very, very welcomed. FLORIDO: Cindy Gompper-Graves directs the South County Economic Development Council. Her predecessors first started exploring the feasibility of a cross-border terminal more than two decades ago. To find out how many U.S. travelers were using the Tijuana airport, they drove around its parking garage. GOMPPER-GRAVES: Looking at license plates and seeing how many U.S. license plates there were and doing it time and time again. You could figure out an average of about 300,000 people were using the Tijuana airport a year. FLORIDO: They figured they could drive up that number, and thus cross-border tourism, if they could just cut out the long border waits. That led to some pretty grand ideas, like a terminal that would allow planes to taxi on both sides of the border. The most recent project, though, has been in the works since 2009. It's funded by private U.S. and Mexican investors. They've been gathering the mounds of permits needed to build a bridge spanning two countries. They've also been working out other logistics, like how to pay for the customs agents who will be stationed on the U.S. side. GUILLERMO VILLALBA: (Spanish spoken). FLORIDO: Guillermo Villalba directs the Tijuana airport. He says the cross-border bridge should be done by the middle of next year and operational by the end of the year. The bridge will only be available to ticketed traveling, and they'll have to pay a fee to use it, both of which will ensure a minimal wait to cross the border. VILLALBA: (Spanish spoken). FLORIDO: But Villalba says the bridge is about much more than cutting border wait times. He says it's about sending a message that the border region is prosperous and safe. Indeed, backers plan to use the bridge to attract more business to the border region. Companies like Sony and Sanyo have factories in Tijuana and warehouses in San Diego. They send executives to oversee operations from Asia. The hope is that making it easier to cross the border might attract more of them. UNIDENTIFIED MAN: (Spanish spoken). FLORIDO: Of course the project will also have losers. Here outside the airport, taxi drivers compete for customers. LUIS RAMIREZ: (Spanish spoken). FLORIDO: Luis Ramirez(ph) says the majority of clients ask to be taken to one of the two existing border crossings. He expects most of that business to be wiped out once the new bridge is complete. That casualty points to a lingering criticism of the cross-border terminal, that it won't really benefit Tijuana. The mayor himself has made

Tulare County Approves New Dairies. Drunk Driving Crackdown Planned for Holidays. Health Care Access a Priority for 2007, But Who Will Get It?. End Music.


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Question: Week in Review with Daniel Schorr

NPR's Scott Simon reviews the week's news with NPR's Daniel Schorr, senior news analyst.

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Stories: 1) Colin Meloy of The Decemberists 2) Remembering Father Robert Drinan 3) The Metropolitan Opera in a Theater Near You


Question: Cameras Before Digital: A Smithsonian Exhibit

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If Louis Daguerre could see Canon's Mark II, his head would explode. Cameras have come a long way since 1839, and Smithsonian's National Museum of American History currently has a display of 22 cameras to celebrate the camera's evolution. From the earliest daguerreotypes to view cameras to early digital models, the exhibit shows off just a fraction of the holdings in the Photographic History Collection. View the photos here, but check out the Flickr site to learn more about the cameras. Smithsonian has made great efforts to develop (pun intended) its photography collection over the past few years. It has an incredible reservoir of first-edition prints, primitive photographic ephemera, equipment and oddities. So expect more to come! And for more pre-digital history, check out this darkroom exhibition at the National Gallery of Art. Have an idea? Pitch it!The Picture Show on Facebook or on Twitter

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Remodeling The House; A Story That Fell From The Sky; and A Pint-Sized Literary Giant Emerges.


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Question: Has The Trade War Taken A Bite Out Of China's Economy? Yes — But It's Complicated

In the industrial city of Dongguan, China, the effects of the trade war on the Chinese economy are measured in idled machinery and empty bar stools. "One year ago, you probably couldn't even get through the crowd because it would be so busy. But right now, even the smallest vendors can't survive," says Song Guanghui, the owner of Crowdbar, a tricked-out food stall in an open-air market in Dongguan. The market is across the street from an enormous factory complex that specializes in making shoes. Crowdbar's flashy electric sign, cold beer and bombastic owner used to draw crowds of workers at shift change. But shoes are among the thousands of products that the Trump administration has slapped double-digit tariffs on since the trade war began in early 2018. Trade talks between the U.S. and China resumed Thursday. But a deal is far from done. Meanwhile, 70% of footwear sold in America is imported from China. And with tariffs cutting into their bottom lines, many manufacturers have already relocated operations to countries like Vietnam and Indonesia. That has left Song and Crowdbar short of workers to buy his barbecue skewers and beer. "I'm probably going to pick up and move elsewhere. If I stay here for much longer, I'm not going to be able to make it," says Song. There are clues like this about the Chinese economy's health nearly everywhere in Dongguan. It's a sprawling manufacturing hub of more than 8 million people in southern China, nicknamed the "workshop of the world." Cities like Dongguan are among the hardest hit in a trade war that targets goods manufactured on razor-sharp margins. "I think there's a pretty major impact if you just look at the numbers," says Victor Shih, a political economist at the University of California, San Diego, who studies the Chinese economy. China exports more goods to the U.S. than to any other country in the world, and those exports have dropped by more than 12% this year alone, he says. That drop has clearly hit the Chinese manufacturing sector. Industrial output growth in China fell to its lowest level in 17 years this summer. On top of the trade war, China's economic growth has been slowing down for years. It's difficult to pinpoint exactly how many of China's current economic troubles are due to the trade war or the existing slump. But tariffs have undoubtedly contributed to slower growth since the early months of 2018, when the economic standoff began, experts on the Chinese economy say. President Trump's trade war has hit the U.S. as well. Economist Arthur Kroeber, head of research at Gavekal Dragonomics, says that tariffs have made products imported from China more expensive. "The brunt of the burden of tariffs is being borne by U.S. consumers," Kroeber says. American farmers who've had retaliatory tariffs placed on the goods they export to China have also suffered, despite aid packages supplied by the U.S. government. The Chinese government has many more tools at its disposal to alleviate some of the trade war's pressures. The central government recently slashed taxes on businesses and corporations to help cushion the blow. The government also devalued its currency so that Chinese goods were cheaper, and thus would be more attractive, to trade partners around the world. Another tool available to the central government, experts say, is massaging official data coming out of Beijing. The official unemployment rate in China, for instance, has hovered between 4.3% and 3.6% for nearly 20 years. A lack of fluctuation beyond a percentage point for such a period of time is highly unusual. And the government even shut down the release of regional manufacturing statistics out of Guangdong province, where Dongguan is located, that cast doubt on rosy national numbers. But if some of the data is not to be trusted, anecdotal evidence on the ground in Dongguan paints a somewhat clearer picture. On the dusty outskirts of the city, a dog of indeterminate heritage lazes in front of the entrance to the Dongguan Fangjie Printing and Packaging Company. The mood inside the plastic bag factory, however, is one of brisk efficiency. Workers in green polo shirts and blue caps monitor machines spitting out brightly colored plastic bags — bags for detergent, candy and dog poop. "We make about 15 different kinds of doggie doo-dah bags," says Christopher Devereux, the managing director of Omnidex, a company that connects foreign companies from all over the world with Chinese factories like Fangjie that can manufacture their products. Until the trade war, Devereux's business was called ChinaSavvy. But earlier this year, he changed the name because, increasingly, he's working with factories outside China. In fact, he recently pulled most of his clients out of the Fangjie factory and moved their business to factories in Vietnam, "because of the tariffs, [because of] the trade war." And new business has evaporated, he says: "My inquiries from American customers about coming to China have dropped off

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Protests, Clashes Build Again In Cairo. -- Deal Reached On Greek Debt, Markets Rise In Relief. -- Arafat's Grave Opened, Samples Taken To Be Tested For Poison. Other stories making news: -- "Fiscal Cliff Compromise: Devil Is In The Definition Of Revenue." (It's All Politics) -- Fiscal Cliff Talks "Accelerate." (The Washington Post) -- Bangladesh Factory Fire That Killed More Than 100 "Was Deliberately Set, Officials Believe." (The Guardian) -- "North Korea Suspected Of Planning Rocket Test." (The New York Times) -- Sandy-related Damage In New York And New Jersey Topped $60 Billion, Governors Say. (The Associated Press) -- Dr. Joseph Murray, Who Performed First Successful Kidney Transplant And Won A Nobel Prize, Has Died. (The Associated Press) -- Powerball Jackpot At Record $425 Million — And Growing — Ahead Of Wednesday Drawing. (ABC News)


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Question: Immigrant Rally at Capitol

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Our airwaves are filled with debates about migrants, refugees, and undocumented immigrants... Who should be in the United States, who shouldn't, and who should decide? Immigration is, without question, a flash point in this year's political debates. It's an issue that seems to get to the core of who we are, who we want to be, and where we're headed as a nation. Today we're going to take a fresh look at the issue by exploring what history can teach us about the patterns and paradoxes of immigration in a nation of immigrants. It's one of a series of shows in the next few weeks that will speak to issues that have bubbled to the surface in politics this year, that reveal something about us — and human nature. Historian Maria Cristina Garcia joins us. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information."]>>  to "['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth\nExamples:\n\nGiven Review: Chastity Belt, \'I Used To Spend So Much Time Alone\' it matches with Note: NPR\'s First Listen audio comes down after the album is released. However, you can still listen with the Spotify or Apple Music playlist at the bottom of the page.  Seattle\'s rock scene is experiencing an underground renaissance, and at the center of its close-knit collective of punk-inspired bands is Chastity Belt. The laconic, yet rebellious foursome — singer and guitarist Julia Shapiro, guitarist Lydia Lund, bassist Annie Truscott, and drummer Gretchen Grimm — have been growing an enthusiastic fan base since their days as a Walla Walla college band, thanks to two raucous albums and a delightful social media game. (Check out its hilariously cringey Sears-style family photos, and music videos that mirror \'90s sitcom credit sequences or grunge-era imagery.) That tongue-in-cheek humor often belied incisive depth, whether the topic was the boredom of youth ("Pussy Weed Beer") or sex-positive gender dynamics ("Cool Slut") and pointed feminist commentary ("Drone") from 2015\'s breakthrough, Time To Go Home. Now with its evocative third album, I Used To Spend So Much Time Alone, Chastity Belt further deepens its low-key, nonchalant persona by inviting us into their heads. And with less reliance on laughs to cloak its emotions, Chastity Belt has never felt this vulnerable, or as relatable. From the very first lines of I Used To Spend So Much Time Alone\'s brilliant opener, "Different Now," we find Shapiro in a reflective headspace. "You\'re hard on yourself, well you can\'t always be right / All those little things that keep you up at night / You should take some time to figure out your life," she sings, capturing the uncertainty that comes from getting older and still wondering who you want to be. As Chastity Belt\'s guitarist and primary singer, Shapiro is our main entry point into the album\'s introspective songs, which grapple with loneliness and depression, and confront the nagging anxieties that can sabotage aspirations, wreak havoc on relationships and friendships, and induce sleepless nights with your regrets and fears. Throughout I Used To Spend So Much Time Alone, Chastity Belt\'s characters nurse heartache ("What The Hell"), confront change (Gretchen Grimm\'s song "Stuck"), and work through depression ("Something Else"), but the constant theme is a desire for normalcy. In one highlight, "Caught In A Lie" Shapiro worries she\'ll be outed as a fraud, unsure if she\'s pursuing what she really wants, or simply doing what others expect from her: "You\'re caught in a lie, living someone else\'s dream...Is this what you want? Is this who you want me to be?" she asks herself. Elsewhere, "It\'s Obvious" portrays a chameleon-like need to adopt the qualities of a disinterested lover and losing herself in the process. "I can hold your interest, but only for a short time / and it feels freeing to lose," she admits, in one puncturing phrase. And in "Used To Spend," Shapiro seeks to reconcile her introverted and extroverted selves: "Out of the fog and finally feeling fine / My doubts are all gone and I\'m having a pretty good time / Feeling like a real champ, but for how long?," she asks with a muted resignation, atop loping and scuzzy guitar chords. Recorded live last summer alongside producer Matthew Simms at Jackpot! studios in Portland, Ore., I Used To Spend So Much Time Alone doesn\'t mess with the band\'s signature fuzzy guitar rock, so much as refine it. The album\'s instrumental depth allows the music to stretch, sway and gradually unfold to new places. That can be heard in the way Shapiro\'s distorted, jangling strums entwine with Lydia Lund\'s brightly chiming arpeggiated melodies, or when Annie Truscott\'s repeating bass lines lock-in as a steadying backbone for Grimm\'s kinetic drumming. It all helps propel the dynamic harmonies and resonating vocals of each singer: Where Grimm and Lund\'s voices sound delicate and airy, Shapiro\'s rich alto croon is capable of shifting from wistful warmth to guttural shouts in anxious songs like "This Time Of Night" and "Complain," and especially in the fiery closer, "5am." Depicting the end of a party, a woozy Shapiro seeks connection and conversation about heavy ideas, singing "Immediate urge to get everything all straight / Need to express it, but it\'s not the time or place," her frustrations personified by a cresting vamp of scorching noise and wiry riffs. Three albums into its career, Chastity Belt showcase an emboldened musicality and matured songcraft that can only come from spending so much time together (rather ironic, given the title). I Used To Spend So Much Time Alone is a thoughtful, reflective album, constantly searching for direction to and questioning every solitary, restless feeling, yet it\'s that intimacy that allows us to know a new, perhaps truer side to the artists. It takes an extraordinary amount of self-confidence to expose that process for all to hear. but not with Featured Albums: Frank Turner: \'Be More Kind,\' Shakey Graves: \'Can\'t Wake Up,\' Lucrecia Dalt: \'Anticlines,\' Leon Bridges: \'Good Thing,\' Damien Jurado: \'The Horizon Just Laughed,\' Parker Milsap: \'Other Arrangements,\' Belly: \'Dove,\' Other Notable Releases For May 4: Gaz Coombes: \'World\'s Strongest Man,\' Jessica Risker: \'I See You Among The Stars,\' Pinkshinyultrablast: \'Miserable Miracles,\' Trampled By Turtles: \'Life Is Good On The Open Road,\' Lake Street Dive: \'Free Yourself Up,\' John Hopkins: \'Singularity,\' Eleanor Frieberger: \'Rebound\'', 'Episode 47: Give Me Your Tired...']"

A Labor Day rally in Phoenix drew hundreds of people marching in favor of immigrants' rights. The turnout was far smaller than the massive crowds that gathered for a similar event back in April, and this time there was a lot more opposition.

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For example, ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', 'Secretary of State Colin Powell arrives in the Mideast to push forward the U.S.-sponsored "road map" to peace. In Jerusalem, Powell urges Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to ease the daily conditions of Palestinians. And meeting with Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas in Jericho, Powell calls for an end to terrorism. Hear NPR\'s Linda Gradstein.'] should be similar to ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Powell Pushes 'Road Map' for Mideast Peace"]

Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: Foreign Policy: Upping The Ante On Putin

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Julia Ioffe is Foreign Policy's Moscow correspondent. There were a few surprising things about Saturday's opposition protest in Moscow. For one thing, the cold — a bitter -10 degrees Fahrenheit — didn't seem to keep anyone at home. Nor did the fact that it had been more than a month since the last demonstration, leading commentators to worry that the protest movement against Vladimir Putin's rule would lose momentum. If anything, more people came out than last time, some 100,000 in all. Which makes the second thing a little less surprising. If the first big protest, on Bolotnaya Square, on December 10, was a mix of the politically active and the young and white-collared, the crowd that reconvened there on Saturday was extremely diverse. There were pensioners and office workers and a group of military history hobbyists wearing fatigues. ("We're freaks," one of them explained.) There were even veteran paratroopers, the saltiest of the salty earth and famous for their August holiday when they strip to their skivvies and frolic in city fountains. One does not expect to see them marching alongside iPhone-toting urbanites and democracy activists. And yet, there were paratrooper flags everywhere. "They think that our people don't think, don't see anything, and don't understand anything," one of the veterans, a 50-year-old named Sergei, told me. "It's time for the country to be ruled by honest people." Beyond the sloganeering, there were signs this time of genuine political organizing in advance of the national elections on March 4 when Putin will run to resume the presidency he temporarily handed over to Dmitry Medvedev four years ago. Several booths had been set up to gather signatures for petitions to contest election violations in court. People recruited election monitors, part of a drive over the last few weeks that's culminated in two projects to train over 20,000 volunteer election monitors: one by the blogger and opposition Alexey Navalny and another, called Voters' League, formed by the creative types among the protest organizers. I also met two men who had decided to run for office in the Moscow municipal elections in March. "We need normal people to get into government, so that the organs of the state work not for themselves but for the citizens of the district," said one of the candidates, Konstantin Kolisnichenko, 36, who, surprisingly, works for a government bank. (Unsurprisingly, he's had a near impossible time getting on the ballot.) It was a statement that sounded a lot different from the chants of "Putin is a thief" around us. It sounded suspiciously like normal political discourse. Meanwhile, the pro-Putin forces gathered across town. More accurately, they were bused in, and many were paid for. There were a lot of them, though not nearly as many as the 138,000-person Internal Ministry estimate. And if the tens of thousands at Bolotnaya laughed and smiled, the people at the pro-Putin rally had little to be cheerful about. The message delivered to them as they stood in the frost was one of brimstone and fire: the country was on the verge of collapsing, revolution was around the corner. "They want to drown the country in blood," television star Maxim Shevchenko shouted from the stage about the protesters gathered on the other side of Moscow. This apocalyptic imagery is strange, given the peaceful nature of the opposition protests. It does, however, reflect the fear and incomprehension about the protests inside the halls of power. "Julia, do you have a pet?" Yuri Kotler asked me the other day. Kotler is a young member of the ruling United Russia party and was once an advisor to Boris Gryzlov, former speaker of the Duma. I had asked him how the slowly mounting protests were perceived in the Kremlin. Yes, I said, I do have a pet. A cat. "Well, imagine if your cat came to you and started talking," Kotler explained. "First of all, it's a cat, and it's talking. Are you sure it's talking? You have to make sure. Second, all these years, the government fed it, gave it water, petted it, and now it's talking and asking for something. It's a shock. We have to get used to it." Leaving aside the telling analogy of citizens as mute-animal property, the comment is important for another reason: 100,000 people come out to protest in severe cold, the third such mass protest in the heart of the capital in two months, and the Kremlin is clearly still trying to get used to it — or hoping it will all go away. "It's a bureaucracy, and it works for itself," Kotler told me. "It'll take a long time for them to understand that they're hired." But there is evidence that the initial shock is wearing off and the Kremlin — that is, Putin — is slowly hardening its stance. First, it offered some carrots, in the form of legislation to make party registration easier and to bring back popular election of governors. It stopped cracking down on protests, as it had done in early December. And last week, Putin said his campaignwould think

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lawmakers Seek Federal 'Oversight' Of Workers' Comp As States Limit Benefits. -- Syria's Assad Visits Moscow To Discuss Military Plans With Putin. -- U.S. Fighter Jet Reportedly Crashes Near Air Base In England. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Visit West Virginia, Discuss Plan To Fight Drug Abuse. (Time) Amnesty International Fears For Rohingya Muslims Missing At Sea. (VOA) Slovenia Asks For E.U. Help To Deal With Thousands Of Migrants. (AFP) Mexico To Restart Investigation Into Fate Of 43 Missing Students. (BBC) Tropical Storm Patricia Forms Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (NHC) Top U.S. Navy Officials Visit China's Aircraft Carrier To Smooth Ties. (Reuters) Singapore Church Leaders Convicted In Pop Music Fraud Scheme. (Sydney Morning Herald) Why Vultures Can Eat Rotting Carcasses And Not Get Sick. (Phys.org)


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Question: Professional Holiday Decorators

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Given ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "From one of Ted's recommended recordings, John Eliot Gardiner conducts the Monteverdi Choir and the English Baroque Soloists in a setting of the 121st Psalm, part of Monteverdi's Vespers of 1610. The recording was made in St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice, the magnificent space for which Monteverdi composed his music. (Archiv 429 565-2)"], a positive would be ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR!', "From One Of Ted's Recommended"]

Stressed-out hosts across California are hiring some extra help this year. Professional decorating services are not just for the rich and famous anymore — they're also for hardworking folks with little time for the holiday trimmings. (Audio not yet available from this broadcast.)

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: CNN Veteran Reporter on Life as an Alcoholic

Veteran journalist Jack Cafferty is known by many for his frank opinions as political commentator on CNN's The Situation Room. But perhaps few know that Cafferty is the son of a hard-drinking radio host and his equally-troubled wife who, between the two of them, blew through 11 marriages.  Cafferty, who likened his father to "hell on wheels" when drinking, admits that his sometimes outrageous on-air antics can be traced to a turbulent childhood. "I have a compulsive distrust of authority figures," explains the journalist.  But Cafferty would go on to follow in the many of the same footsteps of those who let him down as a youngster. He began smoking cigarettes at age 13, and it wasn't long before he, too, became an alcoholic.  "I was actually taught to drink, without even realizing what was going on, by my dad," recalls Cafferty of frequent father-and-son visits throughout childhood to the neighborhood saloon in Reno, Nev.  The early exposure to alcohol helped set the stage for an adulthood plagued with addiction.  As a journalist, Jack Cafferty developed a passion for telling other people's stories all the while battling his own demons. Unbeknownst to the public, the Edward R. Murrow and Emmy Award-winning journalist was functioning on and off camera as an alcoholic.  "Alcohol was as much a part of my daily living as brushing my teeth was," says Cafferty. When asked how, years later, he managed to eventually steer his life back on track, the CNN anchor hints to a measure of pure fate at work. "I met maybe the finest woman on the planet. She was the reason that I made all the changes ... She wasn't worth losing," he says of his second wife. According to television newsman, beating the odds has helped him to see the big picture. "When I stopped drinking, I began to succeed at life. And that was so much more fulfilling than succeeding at television." In this week's Behind Closed Doors, Cafferty talks more about his struggle with alcoholism and his political observations, as chronicled in his new book, It's Getting Ugly Out There: Frauds, Burglars, Liars and Losers who are Hurting America. Web material written and produced by Lee Hill.

If it's Tuesday, somebody somewhere is voting. Here are some of the headlines we're watching: Today's Primaries: Gingrich's Swan Song Or Reason To Remain? It's Zip It Day On Google. World Stocks Rise Ahead Of Federal Reserve Meeting. (CBS) 'Do Not Recall': James Murdoch Says He Had No Reason To Suspect Wrongdoing At Media Empire. (MSNBC) Syrian Rebels Target Security Officials, Killing 3 And Rocking Damascus With Bomb Blast. (AP) South Sudan Says Sudan's Actions Equal Declaration Of War. (VOA) Roger Clemens 'Trapped' By Deceit, Prosecutors Say In Perjury Retrial. (Los Angeles Times) John Edwards' Former Aide Takes Stand Against Former Boss. (AP) Ryan Seacrest Inks New Two-year Deal To Stay With 'American Idol'. (Hollywood Reporter)


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: California Teen Returns Home to Afghanistan

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After the fall of the Taliban, California teenager Said Hyder Akbar traveled back to the home country he'd never known: Afghanistan. Hyder Akbar was still in high school when his father agreed to take a job with the new government in Afghanistan. He spent three summers there with a tape recorder. An audio diary of his time in Afghanistan was broadcast on the radio program This American Life. Those audio diaries are now the basis of a new book, called Come Back to Afghanistan.  Hyder Akbar, currently a student at Yale, co-authored his story with Susan Burton. Renee Montagne spoke with Hyder Akbar about his summer encounters with Afghanistan. Read an excerpt from Come Back to Afghanistan: Prologue Kabul International Airport, August 2003 The letters look like they are going to fall off the airport. That's what you notice as you approach the terminal by car. By air the approach inspires even less confidence: you fly over rugged mountains only to arrive at a field littered with airplane parts. You descend right into this dump. Taxiing toward the terminal along a U-shaped runway, you take in the wreckage strewn across the grass: planes with pieces snapped off, a huge wing all by itself, a crashed helicopter.  You know, rationally, that these were shot down or bombed. But the scene is so surreal that you wonder, Who put these things here? It doesn't look like something humans could have done. Instead you picture a giant monster stomping down the runway, scooping up everything in its path, crumpling the aircrafts and hurling them to the ground like garbage. You realize immediately that this is a different kind of airport.  *** Today I'm driving to Kabul International in a white Ford Ranger pickup with my dad. Afghanistan is scruffy in the summer; the place just keeps kicking up dust. But you can't always tell from pictures: in a video I show to the rest of my family back in California, the air looks brisk and clean. I don't understand where the dust goes, how it disappears. When you're here, it's impossible to ignore: from the powdery ground up, the country is constantly on the verge of falling apart.  But it may be years before the dust settles in Afghanistan, and in the meantime the country's roads will be characterized by its presence -- and by checkpoints like this one up ahead. We pass five or six guys standing around with guns. It's a couple hundred yards from here to the airport; usually you see a few people making their way on foot. Most people who  can afford to get out of Kabul can afford a taxi to the front of the terminal, so anyone walking probably isn't really leaving the city -- just here to meet  someone, or on their way to work.  Near the end of the road there's a big circle in which you might expect to see a burbling fountain. Instead there's a Soviet fighter jet mounted on top of a pole, looking like it's about to fly off. It seems out of place, this monument left over from an agonizing era. I have no idea why it's still here. There's so little left standing in Kabul that it seems like it must have required a lot of effort to preserve this. You can see someone thinking about  knocking it down, but deciding not to, because at least it still exists. When so much has been obliterated, it's hard to know what to save.  *** I've been in Afghanistan since June -- mostly in Kunar province, where my father, Said Fazel Akbar, is the governor. Like almost everyone gainfully employed in Afghanistan, he's new to his job. This time two years ago he was standing behind the counter of the hip-hop clothes store he owned in Oakland. Then September 11th happened, and the Taliban fell, and everything changed. My father sold the store and left for Afghanistan; at the end of my senior year of high school, in May 2002, I joined him. That was the first time I'd ever been to Afghanistan -- by the time I was born, in December 1984, the Soviet war was well under way, and my parents had already  left the country. Last summer my father -- who was then working as President Hamid Karzai's spokesman -- and I lived together in a room in the blasted-out Kabul Hotel. Now we sleep on rope beds on the balcony of the  governor's house in Kunar. So this is my second summer vacation in Afghanistan. That's what I like to tell people: that I'm here in Afghanistan on vacation.  My father's in Kabul this week for some meetings with Karzai and others, and after spending so much time in Kunar -- a remote tribal area with scant electricity and ample rocket fire—my perspective is all askew. I actually catch myself thinking, Kabul's tight, man. For example, here we drive on paved roads. The roads outside the capital are so bad -- in places, nonexistent -- that the 150-mile trip from the governor's house to Kabul takes eight hours.  The trip from California takes two to three days -- a long time, too, but  one that at least bears a more reasonable correspondence to the map. I don't know for sure, but I think that Rahman, a friend of mine from h

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Stories: 1) Reporter Explores America's Unique Take on Justice 2) Growing Up In a Surfer Family, Wipeouts and All


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Question: Environment Report Story of the Week 04/30/2007

Story of the Week from The Environment Report.  Hosted by Mark Brush.

Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Question: AI Innovators Take Pledge Against Autonomous Killer Weapons

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The Terminator's killer robots may seem like a thing of science fiction. But leading scientists and tech innovators have signaled that such autonomous killers could materialize in the real world in frighteningly real ways. During the annual International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Stockholm on Wednesday, some of the world's top scientific minds came together to sign a pledge that calls for "laws against lethal autonomous weapons."  "... we the undersigned agree that the decision to take a human life should never be delegated to a machine," the pledge says. It goes on to say, "... we will neither participate in nor support the development, manufacture, trade, or use of lethal autonomous weapons." The moniker "autonomous weapons" doesn't draw the same fear or wonder as a killer robot, but weapons that can function without human oversight are a real concern. In the pledge introduced by the Future of Life Institute, signees agree that AI developments can contribute to future danger. Those backing the pledge include SpaceX and Tesla founder Elon Musk and Google DeepMind co-founders Demis Hassabis, Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman. They are among more than 170 organizations and 2,400 individuals to take such a stance, according to the document. "There is a moral component to this position, that we should not allow machines to make life-taking decisions for which others – or nobody – will be culpable," the pledge states. "There is also a powerful pragmatic argument: lethal autonomous weapons, selecting and engaging targets without human intervention, would be dangerously destabilizing for every country and individual."  The position of the pledge is ultimately to encourage global governments to take legal action to ban any possibility of future destruction. "Stigmatizing and preventing such an arms race should be a high priority for national and global security," the pledge states. This isn't the first time AI leaders have expressed doubts. Last August, corporate tech leaders wrote an open letter to the United Nations warning of an arms race in these weapons.   Such weapons, the letter said, "threaten to become the third revolution in warfare. Once developed, they will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend." Musk also signed that letter and he spoke on his strong beliefs concerning the inevitable dangers associated with AI. He urged U.S. governors to be proactive. "Once there is awareness, people will be extremely afraid. As they should be," he said in July 2017. But not everyone agrees with Musk dire view. In an interview with NPR, Rep. Pete Olsen, R-Texas, expressed his optimism for the future of AI. "These are machines that are learning over time from activities they've done," Olsen said. "They become sort of intelligent through that learning. This is the great value, great tremendous benefit for our country."

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Stories: 1) Putting Puppies Behind Bars (For A Good Cause) 2) Forensic Vet Helps Prevent Animal Cruelty 3) Rescuing Katrina's Four-Legged Victims


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Question: New York Times Obituary Writer On The Struggles Of Covering COVID-19

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At The New York Times, obituary writer Glenn Rifkin has had to pivot to cover those who have died from the coronavirus. Rifkin calls the tragedy of covering the pandemic the “anonymity of big numbers” and seeks to honor each life with his contributions to the paper’s “Those We’ve Lost.” Host Lisa Mullins speaks with Rifkin about his process and ideology behind writing the obituaries. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department's Search Of Reporters' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother's Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

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Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: In The Rural West, 'Roving Rabbis' Reach Isolated Jews

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Mountains and forests surround the little town of Show Low, Ariz. It's home to only 10,000 people, but the heavily Mormon community is still the biggest place for more than hour in every direction. It's not the kind of setting that typically fosters a thriving Jewish community — which is exactly why Hasidic rabbinical students Zalman Refson and Yaakov Kaplan are here. Hitting The Road To Reach Rural Jews Residents of the rural West have historically relied on the talents of people passing through — traveling doctors, traveling circus performers and traveling preachers. So-called roving rabbis like Refson and Kaplan are carrying on that tradition, meeting rural Jews who otherwise might rarely interact with others of their faith. They're two of the hundreds of rabbinical students who travel to rural places all across the globe each year. These roving rabbis make these journeys in the name of Chabad, a movement within Orthodox Judaism. Young, bearded and dressed in black pants and long-sleeved white shirts, even in the Arizona heat, the two men stick out in Show Low. Kaplan says being a roving rabbi is all about helping Jews reconnect to their faith. "By going out to other people and just trying to have a Jewish conversation, it makes my conviction stronger," Kaplan says. This program has been around more than 70 years. Both Kaplan and Refson have done it more than once, but never in Arizona, in an area known for sending out its Mormon sons and daughters to proselytize. The rabbis don't use that term to describe their own work. On one level, Refson sees what he's doing as practice for having his own congregation someday. "Meeting people and interacting with them on a very simple level, regardless of Jewish topics, is a very positive thing," he says. "And it's a very positive experience for a person who's going to enter the people business." 'If You're Jewish, You're Jewish' The rabbis keep a list of Jews they know about in these small towns. Often, people request a visit — or their family elsewhere requests one for them. Some days, the rabbis just pick up a phone book and start looking for Jewish names. Many of the Jews the rabbis meet are like Hilda Lochansky-Smith and have never been all that observant. As she invites the rabbis into her place and they get to chatting, Kaplan asks if she likes to cook Jewish food. Lochansky-Smith shakes her head. "I mean, I can make matzo ball soup and chicken soup, but I don't do it too much," she says. Lochansky-Smith's favorite kosher dish was her grandmother's gefilte fish, but she also likes to joke about her late mother loving ham. She has hardly any Jewish friends and has even been attending a local Bible church in recent years. But in her heart, Lochansky-Smith says, she knows who she is. "When push comes to shove, you're Jewish — and there's only one Jewish tribe," she says. "Am I right?" Kaplan agrees: "If you're Jewish, you're Jewish," he says. "Hundred percent." Many of the rabbis' interactions are like this: friendly, kind of light, more of a check-in than anything else. But it's not always this easygoing. Beth Hakenewerth, who lives in nearby Taylor, Ariz., cried on the phone with the rabbis the night before. She's dealing with her father's death, and finding out her parents had never fully converted her to Judaism after she was adopted as a baby. "I don't feel normal," she says. "I don't feel like myself anymore." She says living far away from her family in California, and hundreds of miles from an established Jewish community, makes it harder. Hakenewerth has only ever met a handful of other Jews in this little town. "But I just wish, I hope and pray that one of these days, that there'll be a shul up here, or Chabad learning center, or something like that," Hakenewerth says. The roving rabbis are often seen as a threat to more liberal Jewish congregations for promoting a traditional version of the faith. But Kaplan says they're only trying to inspire Jews to be a little more observant. His favorite part of this ground game, he says, "is when I see people which are happy that we came, and we were able to help them in any way, shape or form." That feels the same, he says, regardless of which small town in Arizona he's visiting. LINDA WERTHEIMER, HOST:  This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Linda Wertheimer. People who live in rural areas out west have long-relied on the talents of others passing through - traveling doctors, traveling circus performers, even traveling preachers. Now Hasidic rabbinical students are carrying on the tradition. For member station KJZZ in Phoenix, Stina Sieg reports that Roving Rabbis have fanned out across Arizona eager to connect with rural Jews. STINA SIEG, BYLINE: Mountains and forests surround little Show Low, Arizona. It's only 10,000 people, but the heavily Mormon town is still the biggest place for more than an hour in every direction. It's not the kind of setting that typically fosters a thriving Jewish community. And t

Stories: 1) Heroin, The Taliban And The 'Seeds Of Terror' 2) Reducing Suicide Rates In The Military


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Question: Double Take 'Toons: Center — Fired?

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Richard Lugar, a six-term U.S. senator, lost his seat with a Republican primary defeat to state Treasurer Richard Mourdock. Lisa Benson sees Mourdock's victory as proof that the Tea Party still has power, while Gary Varvel thinks neither Mourdock nor his Democratic opponent this fall, Joe Donnelly, are Lugar's equal.

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Commentary: Popcorn at the Movies

Writer Mary Roach wonders why a bag of popcorn costs so much at the movies.

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: A Fearsome Foursome; A Coke or Pepsi Debate; Peter Parker's Broadway Debut.


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Question: 'Che' Graphic Biography Explores The Myths And Truths Of The Legend

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If there's one defining characteristic of political discourse in our era, it's that the truth is swamped by myth. Made-up stories saturate social, and other, media — and real journalism is falsely targeted with chants of "fake news." So it's the perfect moment to reflect on Ernesto "Che" Guevara, the veritable embodiment of the power of myth to eclipse reality. More than 20 years ago, Jon Lee Anderson set out to disentangle the revolutionary's real history from his legend. The result was the critically acclaimed biography Che: A Revolutionary Life. Now, in partnership with award-winning political cartoonist José Hernández, Anderson has adapted Che into a 421-page illustrated biography. Anderson takes on a particularly unwieldy subject in Guevara. Even writers who criticize the Che myth are irresistibly drawn to focus on it — to point out that the most famous image of Guevara was shot by a fashion photographer, or that so-many-thousand people have visited his mausoleum in Cuba, the country he helped Fidel Castro take from the dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959. A fixation on Guevara's epic qualities is perhaps natural given his addiction to the guerilla life. Both as a middle-class Argentine medical student and as second-in-command to the triumphant Castro, Guevara turned his back on the prosaic realities of law and routine to live as a perpetual revolutionary. At various times, Guevara trained or fought in Guatemala, Mexico, Bolivia and the Congo. His personal ideology, too, emphasized the importance of spreading revolution around the world. Guevara's many maxims reflect both his cruelty and his idealism. Sometimes both qualities make an appearance in ironic succession, as in Che's final quote in the book, from a letter he wrote to his family: "Remember that the revolution is the most important thing, and that each one of us, alone, is worth nothing. Above all, try to be able to always feel deeply any injustice committed against any person in any part of the world." For Guevara, these two approaches to the value of individual life were harmonious. It's Anderson's triumph that he enables the reader to understand how that could be the case. It has to be said, though, that Anderson's attitude toward contemporary readers is a bit... cranky. He decided to adapt this book, he writes in the introduction, because he thought a graphic novel might help "explain Che to youngsters who, unlike those of us who lived through the sixties and seventies, can't imagine picking up a gun to fight for their ideals." But comics isn't simply a format that happens to appeal to attention-span-challenged "youngsters" lacking the stamina for real books. It's a medium all its own, with its own powers and limitations. Here, it places an indelible stamp on Guevara's tale — one that Anderson may not have intended. In fact, comics isn't really the ideal medium for a story aiming to puncture myths. Its signature tools, after all, are exaggeration and condensation: The artist makes a person memorable by boiling down and blowing up their features until they're identified irrevocably with one or two notable characteristics. Hernández and Anderson struggle continually to balance nuanced truth with cartoony distillation. Usually they succeed, and Anderson's well-balanced reportage is brought to life by Hernández' subtle, ever-changing faces. Hernández is a phenomenal draftsman with a cinematic eye. The mid-century time period is rendered in sepia hues perfect for a book of history, and many full-page compositions cry out to be framed. The sheer amount of artistic labor that's on view in these 421 pages is awe-inspiring in itself. Still, the creators falter when they try to condense complex ideological questions into too few panels. The most drastic case is the book's treatment of the single most controversial episode in Che's life: his role, shortly after the revolutionaries took power in Cuba, in directing the executions of several hundred of Batista's functionaries. In the original biography, Anderson addresses a wealth of issues surrounding the executions. He discusses what evidence there was, and wasn't, against the prisoners; what specific offenses were held to justify execution; and how long the trials lasted. Here the whole episode takes up a mere three pages and lacks context. Even with its problems, though, Che remains a remarkable accomplishment, one that belongs next to such works of graphical history as the March series and Shigeru Mizuki's Showa books. By foregrounding the tension between myth and truth, Che illuminates the present state of our politics as well as the past. Etelka Lehoczky has written about books for The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times and Salon.com. She tweets at @EtelkaL.

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Stories: 1) Michael Beschloss: Critical Moments, Critical Choices 2) Lesbian Activist, Pioneering Journalist Del Martin 3) 'Trouble The Water' Captures Katrina On Camcorder


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Question: In Your Ear: Johnnetta Cole

As part of Tell Me More's occasional series "In Your Ear," Johnnetta Cole, director of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African Art, shares her musical inspirations. They range from the jazz virtuoso John Coltrane, to the legendary Billie Holiday, and to one of Africa's greatest singers, Miriam Makeba.

Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: Coping with Gas Prices in the UK and LA

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Americans are furious about paying $4 a gallon, but the pump price in Britain is more than twice that. In California, lawmakers are considering a bill where drivers in car-happy Los Angeles County pay higher fees to fund public transportation projects.

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State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Question: Weather Forces NASA to Delay Launch

Thunderstorm clouds passed over the launch zone all day Saturday, finally leading NASA to cancel the launch with just nine minutes to go. Discovery will try again for a rendezvous with the space station Sunday afternoon.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Rushdie Decries 'Mindset Of The Fanatic' That Sparks Anti-American Protests. -- White House Launching Trade Complaints Against China. -- Row Over Photos Of Topless Kate Lands In French Courts. -- It's A Panda! Cub Is Born At National Zoo. Other stories in the news: -- Chicago Teachers' Strike Continues; "Mayor To Seek Legal Remedy." (Chicago Tribune) -- "Japanese Firms Suspend Operations In China;" Moves By Panasonic, Canon And Sony Follow Anti-Japan Protests." (ZDNet) -- "A Look Back At The Rise And Fall Of Occupy." (The Associated Press) -- "AT&T Says Latest iPhone Sets New Sales Record." (The Wall Street Journal) -- Space Shuttle Endeavour's Flight Delayed, "But Arrival In L.A. Remains On Schedule." (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Who's Carl This Time

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Provided: "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details!', "Francisco Ortiz Franco, an editor of the weekly newspaper Zeta in the border town of Tijuana, Mexico, is gunned down while leaving a doctor's appointment. It was the third attack by gunmen against leadership at the paper, which is known for its hard-hitting investigative reporting on corruption and drug trafficking. NPR's Carrie Kahn reports."]" Match: "['Represent the natural language', 'Editor of Mexican Newspaper Assassinated']"

Some not-so-big shoes to fill; What if you  launched a coup and nobody noticed? An overdue apology from an underdressed pop star.

In this edition of This, That, or the Other, contestants must decide: is it a Danielle Steel novel, a Talking Heads song, or a Wrestlemania tagline? Heard on Javier Muñoz & David Harbour: The World Turned Upside Down


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Question: Cyprus' Bank Deposit Tax Would Hit Russian Wallets

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Robert Siegel talks to Corey Flintoff about reaction in Russia to a European Union plan to seize close to 10 percent of large deposits in Cypriot banks and close to 7 percent of all other deposits. Many Russian oligarchs park their money in banks in Cyprus because of the favorable terms and banking regulations there.

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Stories: 1) Is Wall Street At Fault For Mortgage Meltdown? 2) Economy's Woes Mean Housing Crisis For Pets, Too


Question: Commentary: Ann Coulter and 'Treason'

Ann Coulter has written a book, "Treason: Liberal Treachery from the Cold War to the War on Terrorism." Coulter is a frequent conservative voice heard on news talkshows. And if you caught one of her many appearances, you would have seen commentator Rick Cleveland, too.

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Jimmy Fallon made a surprise visit at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School\'s graduation ceremony on Sunday, nearly four months after the students survived a shooting that killed 17 of their classmates and teachers. In his commencement speech, Fallon offered comic relief and thanked the student activists who have been spearheading gun control reform. "Today you\'re graduating from high school," Fallon, host of The Tonight Show, said. "You should feel incredibly proud of yourselves. That doesn\'t mean you should rest on your laurels — or your yannys." Yannys and Laurels aside, he continued, "Here\'s what will matter: You, the class of 2018, will have graduated. And you won\'t be classmates anymore. You\'ll be adults who Facebook search each other at two in the morning for the next 10 years." In simultaneous dig at himself, and a nod to the far-reaching movement inspired by MSD students who showed not all change-makers are adults, Fallon humorously ushered in the occasion as "Opposite Day." "When you think of commencement speakers, you think of people who are inspirational, people who are eloquent, people who\'ve changed the world," he said. "When you think of high school students, you think of people who are immature, slightly awkward, still learning to be an adult." In the ceremony\'s venue, the BB&T Center, home to the Florida Panthers hockey team, Fallon then delivered the graduating seniors some "real-world advice." "When something feels hard, remember that it gets better. Choose to move forward. Don\'t let anything stop you," he told the graduates, who wore sashes that read "MSD Strong." The families of the four seniors who had died in the shooting — Nicholas Dworet, Joaquin Oliver,  Meadow Pollack, Carmen Schentrup — accepted diplomas on their behalf.  He mentioned having met some of the students at the "March for Our Lives" protest in Washington, D.C., earlier this year: "It was an amazing day." "Thank you for your courage and your bravery," he said, "and for giving amazing speeches I could never possibly live up to." He says he and his wife brought his two young daughters to Sunday\'s event "because we wanted them to see what hope and light looks like." The comedian poked fun at what, at first, he saw as a personal setback for his younger self, who he said "wasn\'t dumb" but "just had other strengths." Obligated to go to summer school, happily, he said, it turned out "I met 15 versions of myself. Everyone was funny — and slightly dumb. I loved summer school!" In other words, he said, "Some things that seem like setbacks can take our lives in a totally new direction — they change us in ways we don\'t expect. And they make us better, and stronger." "You guys have already proven that to everyone," he said. "You took something horrific, and instead of letting it stop you, you started a movement." "The whole world has heard your voice. And that was you making a choice," he said. "That was you choosing hope over fear." You can listen to Fallon\'s full commencement speech below:']" == "['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', "Jimmy Fallon To Parkland Graduates: 'That Was You Choosing Hope Over Fear'"]"

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "Hold Por Favor," "Uber-Banana Seat" and "Good and Bad News For Wisconsin."