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Question: Westerner in Kandahar: What Afghans Want

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American businesswoman Sarah Chayes runs a cooperative in the southern Afghan city of Kandahar. Recent fighting in the province has disrupted lives, and locals are wary of both the Taliban and government authorities.  Chayes, a former NPR reporter who has lived in Afghanistan for more than six years, talks with co-host Renee Montagne. RENEE MONTAGNE, host:  When the weather heats up in southern Afghanistan, so does the battle between the Taliban and NATO and Afghan national forces. Earlier this month, the Taliban threatened to overrun the lush pomegranate groves along the Arghandab River in Kandahar. Arghandab was once a Taliban stronghold.  Then in nearby Kandahar City, hundreds of Taliban prisoners broke out of jail. The many villagers who fled are just now trickling home. The ebb and flow of fighting there is something Sarah Chayes knows well. In 2001, she went to Kandahar for NPR, and she quit journalism to start a cooperative business there. Describe for us the business that you run there.  Ms. SARAH CHAYES (Businesswoman, Afghanistan): We make soap. We're a soap factory in a shooting gallery, I like to say. We buy raw materials from farmers, agricultural products like almonds, like apricot kernels, anise - all of this wonderful fragrant stuff. And we have a range of eight different soaps that we produce by a rather labor-intensive process.  MONTAGNE: Part of your effort there in Kandahar is to wean farmers away from growing poppy and the opium trade. How has all of this affected it, or has it?  Ms. CHAYES: A lot, actually, a lot. I mean, it started out, the first major effect was in 2006, when we began the contract farming of roses. And unfortunately, the district that we chose to do this in became the battlefield for all of 2006. So those roses don't exist anymore.  MONTAGNE: One thing about this is the Taliban have not been able to hold this land. They managed to infiltrate, get in, put up a good fight and then be driven off. That seems like a good thing for the NATO forces there, but is it really?  Ms. CHAYES: Good question. And in fact if you look just north of Arghandab, the three or four northern districts of Kandahar Province are now entirely in Taliban hands. So although they haven't been able to hold Arghandab District, which is right up against the city, they are holding about a quarter or a third of the province.  There's quite a lot of Canadian NATO-force presence in that area, and yet plenty of Taliban presence also. So I think it's important to realize that from the perspective of ordinary people, there are some places where there's almost like a shadow government of Taliban under the surface of apparent Afghan government control.  So you'll see villages who will actually send delegations to the Taliban to request permission to, for example, repair an irrigation ditch and will ask the Taliban, please don't destroy the bulldozers that we're going to use this work. And this in districts that allegedly are under Afghan government control.  MONTAGNE: At the moment, NATO troops are patrolling villages outside Kandahar, but where, from your perspective, does everything stand?  Ms. CHAYES: On the surface, it looks as though international forces in the Afghan army have, you know, scored a great victory against the Taliban, who really came very, very close to Kandahar City. Basically what I would say is, in the short term, yes, the dust is settling and displaced people are moving back into Arghandab. But I certainly expect that there will be more attacks on this district.  MONTAGNE: You were, at one time, a supporter of Hamid Karzai's government, have changed your thinking about that. What is this government not doing, that both it could do, and that is going to hurt Afghanistan?  Ms. CHAYES: It has hurt Afghanistan, unfortunately. The Afghan population, as I've been experiencing it, is really looking for equity, competent officials, fair treatment, and some sort of say in their collective destiny. And unfortunately, the government that President Karzai has been presiding over has really treated the Afghan population like a goose to be plucked, in a sense. And so I actually think that a lot of what's going wrong in Afghanistan, it isn't ideological at all, it's that people are so frustrated with the behavior of government officials toward them, that they don't really see much difference between the Taliban and the government.  They see them as two factions bent on power and money. And so what I reproach President Karzai for is not really cracking down on the behavior of his government officials. He should not be putting up with this kind of behavior toward his own citizens.  MONTAGNE: Sarah Chayes is the author of "The Punishment of Virtue: Inside Afghanistan after the Taliban." And she also runs Argon Cooperative - that's a venture that encourages local Afghan farmers to produce flowers and herbs instead of opium poppies, by buying their products and producing soaps and scented products to send

Stories: 1) Ahmed Rashid: Pakistan's Longtime Correspondent 2) 'Popeye' on DVD: It's Strong to the Finich


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Question: The challenge of affordable housing

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E.g. ['represent the natural language', "House Speaker Paul Ryan unveiled the health care component of congressional Republicans' policy agenda Wednesday, a long-awaited alternative to the Affordable Care Act."] == ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'House Speaker Paul Ryan Reveals GOP Health Care Plan']

As the Metropolitan Council requires Twin Cities communities to build thousands of units of affordable housing, cities and residents raise concerns about sharing the burden and the opportunity.

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How the once fairly-stable business of public utilities is changing.


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Question: Joe Bonamassa's Blue Eyed Blues

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Widely regarded as one of the best active guitarists in the world, Joe Bonamassa has been playing electrifying blues music for more than two decades. With his latest release, The Ballad of John Henry, the 32-year-old combines incendiary guitar work with his most reflective lyrics to date; the result is a sonically and emotionally powerful blues record. Bonamassa started out as a child prodigy, opening for blues legend B.B. King by the time he was 12. Although born and raised in the U.S., Bonamassa was influenced most heavily by the work of European blues masters, while still adding his own personal touch. Now on his ninth album, the guitarist continues to expand his sonic palette, rocking like vintage Led Zeppelin when he's not drenching his grooves in melancholy.

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Ed Johnson and Novo Tempo - KUSP's Live at Lunch Sessions


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Question: Arafat Vows to Fix Palestinian 'Mistakes'

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Addressing calls for reform that have led to heightened unrest in the Palestinian territories, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat acknowledges the Palestinian Authority has "made mistakes" and promises to fix them. But his much-anticipated speech failed to appease some Palestinians. Hear NPR's Julie McCarthy.

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Good morning. Our first posts today were about: -- Release  Of American Hikers Not Imminent, Iran's Judiciary Says. -- Democrats  Suffer 'Demoralizing' Defeats In New York And Nevada. -- Inside  Kabul Siege Site:Attackers' Bodies, Walls Riddled With Bullet Holes. Other stories making headlines include: -- "Obama Approval Plummets On Jobs Plan," Poll Signals. (Bloomberg News) -- "Moody's Downgrades Ratings For Two French Banks." (The Associated Press) -- "Palestinians Face Mounting Pressure To Drop U.N. Statehood Bid." (The Guardian) -- "U.S. Scrambles To Avert Palestinian Vote At U.N." (The New York Times)


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Question: White Supremacist Groups' Rally Turns Deadly In Charlottesville

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One woman is dead and more than a dozen people were injured while protesting a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, after a car rammed through demonstrators. Here & Now‘s Robin Young speaks with Kerry Haynie, associate professor of political science and African and African-American studies at Duke University, about race and the White House’s response.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No End In Sight As Government Shutdown Begins. -- Obama: 'Perpetual Cycle Of Brinksmanship ... Has To End.' -- In Talk Of Shutdown, A Familiar Feeling At The White House. And here are more early headlines: Despite Government Shutdown, Obamacare Opens Enrollment Today. (Reuters) Israeli Prime Minister Visits U.N. Today, Warning Against Iran. (CBS) U.S. Diplomats Expelled From Venezuela For 'Sabotage'. (CNN) Bangladesh Sentences Opposition Leader To Death For War Crimes. (BBC) Greece Cracks Down On Far Right Party Accused Of Murder, Corruption. (Guardian) Jury Seated In Insider Trading Trial Of Dallas Mavericks Owner. (New York Times) UC Berkeley Blast May Be Linked To Underground Copper Theft. (San Jose Mercury News) Police Catch Thief Sprayed With Liquid That Glows In Ultraviolet Light. (Reuters)


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Question: In New York, Rockland County Residents React To Hanukkah Stabbing

Tensions are high in Rockland County, N.Y., following an attack injuring five people at a rabbis home at a Hanukkah party this weekend. The alleged attacker is now facing federal hate crime charges.

Good morning - here are some of the leading headlines we're following today: 'Picture Perfect Launch' For Private Rocket Headed To Space Station. Deal Reached On Probe Of Iran's Nuclear Program, IAEA Chief Says. Memorial Walk, Moment Of Silence Planned For Joplin On First Anniversary Of Devastating Tornado. (Joplin Globe) Jurors In John Edwards Corruption Trial Begin Third Day Of Deliberations. (Reuters) Images Show North Korea Conducts Unknown Activity At Nuclear Test Site. (CNN) Myanmar Opposition Leader Aung San Suu Kyi Will Address U.N. Labor Conference Next Month In Switzerland. (AP) 2 Protesters Die In Lebanon At Funeral Of Murdered Anti-Syrian Cleric; 5 Killed In Syrian Bombing. (VOA) Four Perish Climbing Everest, One Missing While Dozens More Continue Toward Summit (ABC) Oklahoma City Defeats Los Angeles To Reach NBA Western Conference Finals; 8 Wounded In Oklahoma City Violence After Victory. (Oklahoman) Man Survives Suicide Attempt After Leaping Into Niagara Falls. (USA Today)


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Question: Democratic Candidates Pressed On Priorities By Women Of Color

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Updated at 6:05 p.m. ET Eight Democratic presidential candidates faced the same basic question today in Houston: Why should women of color vote for them? The first-ever She The People Presidential Forum — organized by and centered on questions from women of color — served as a repeated reminder of the key role that minority women play in Democratic politics. "Women of color voters in this country are 20 million strong. Our votes matter," Democratic operative Leah Daughtry warned the candidates. "You put us last on your list; we put you last on our list." "Remember: We're a powerful voting block," She The People founder Aimee Allison said at the beginning of the event. "Our hope is to advance a national conversation to help voters distinguish which candidates stand with and stand for women of color in our communities. And let me tell you something: The candidate that does that best and most consistently will win the nomination and the White House in 2020." The questions put forward to California Sen. Kamala Harris, former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro and others made it clear that many women of color may not be won over by campaigns tailoring their message toward moderate and independent white voters in swing states. Topics included abortion rights, gentrification, voter suppression, transgender rights, racial disparities in criminal sentencing and police shootings of unarmed black men, among others. New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker repeated his pledge to choose a woman as a running mate, should he become the Democratic nominee. "Women of color can trust me," he said. "My fights have been fights that have shown who I am and shown my loyalty." Amid the policy deep dives, every candidate faced the same basic question: Why should women of color back them in a field about to top 20 declared Democrats? The question created a couple of moments of awkwardness for some of the men in the field, including former Texas Rep. Beto O'Rourke, who paused for a moment before answering, "It's not something I'm owed, not something I expect. It's something I fully hope to earn." Most candidates answered the question by asking the crowd of activists to look to their track records. "I have dedicated my time in public service to making sure that people like my grandmother and mother can do better," said Castro, and have "delivered for communities that were vulnerable, that were struggling." Repeating a promise first rolled out at a CNN town hall this week, Harris vowed to take "strong executive action" on gun control within the first 100 days of her administration, if Congress hasn't passed gun measures first. Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar, a former prosecutor, told the forum that when police are being investigated for shootings, "I think the investigation should not be done by the police department where the officer worked. You have to have a fair process when you investigate these cases." The cheering Houston auditorium underscored just how hungry Democrats' progressive activists are for detailed policy plans that, up until recently, would have been viewed as far too liberal for a candidate to run for president on: single-payer health care; legalized marijuana; reparations for slavery. As the increasingly large candidate field has, for the most part, shifted left en masse to appeal to these voters, the moderate wing of the party has worried whether Democrats will be able to appeal to the Midwestern swing voters who put President Trump in the White House. Former Vice President Joe Biden's campaign, expected to launch Thursday, will be centered on the bet that most Democratic voters want a more centrist candidate. But speaking to the forum, Klobuchar argued it is possible for candidates to satisfy progressives and win back independents. "I can't pretend to be in your shoes. I'm in one of your shoes, as the first woman in many of the jobs that I've had. And I know what it's like to be in the room when people aren't taking you seriously," she said. "What I can tell you is that my entire life I have fought for justice."

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Netanyahu Could Lose PM Job As Rivals Attempt To Join Forces

JERUSALEM (AP) — The head of a small hard-line party on Sunday said he would try to form a unity government with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's opponents, taking a major step toward ending the 12-year rule of the Israeli leader. In a nationwide address, Yamina party leader Naftali Bennett said he had decided to join forces with the country's opposition leader, Yair Lapid. "It's my intention to do my utmost in order to form a national unity government along with my friend Yair Lapid, so that, God willing, together we can save the country from a tailspin and return Israel to its course," Bennett said. The pair have until Wednesday to complete a deal in which they are expected to each serve two years as prime minister in a rotation deal. Lapid's Yesh Atid party said negotiating teams were to meet later Sunday. A unity government would end the cycle of deadlock that has plunged the country into four inconclusive elections over the past two years. It also would end, at least for the time being, the record-setting tenure of Netanyahu, the most dominant figure in Israeli politics over the past three decades. In his own televised statement, Netanyahu accused Bennett of betraying the Israeli right wing. He urged nationalist politicians who have joined the coalition talks not to establish what he called a "leftist government." "A government like this is a danger to the security of Israel, and is also a danger to the future of the state," he said. Bennett, a former Netanyahu aide turned rival, said he was taking the dramatic step to prevent yet another election. While sharing Netanyahu's nationalist ideology, Bennett said there was no feasible way for the hard-line right wing to form a governing majority in parliament. "A government like this will succeed only if we work together as a group," he said. He said everyone "will need to postpone fulfilling all their dreams. We will focus on what can be done, instead of fighting all day on what's impossible." Each of the past four elections was seen as a referendum on Netanyahu — who has become a polarizing figure as he stands trial on corruption charges — with each ending in deadlock. Netanyahu is desperate to stay in power while he is on trial. He has used his office as a stage to rally support and lash out against police, prosecutors and the media. If his opponents fail to form a government and new elections are triggered, it would give him another chance at seeing the election of a parliament that is in favor of granting him immunity from prosecution. But if they succeed, he would find himself in the much weaker position of opposition leader and potentially find himself facing unrest in his Likud party. Netanyahu, who has accused Bennett of betraying the Israeli right wing, planned a televised statement later Sunday. In order to form a government, a party leader must secure the support of a 61-seat majority in parliament. Because no single party controls a majority on its own, coalitions are usually built with smaller partners. As leader of the largest party, Netanyahu was given the first opportunity by the country's figurehead president to form a coalition. But he was unable to secure a majority with his traditional religious and nationalist allies. Netanyahu even attempted to court a small Islamist Arab party but was thwarted by a small ultranationalist party with a racist anti-Arab agenda. Although Arabs make up some 20% of Israel's population, an Arab party has never before sat in an Israeli coalition government. After Netanyahu's failure to form a government, Lapid was then given four weeks to cobble together a coalition. He has until Wednesday to complete the task. Lapid already faced a difficult challenge, given the broad range of parties in the anti-Netanyahu bloc that have little in common. They include dovish left-wing parties, a pair of right-wing nationalist parties, including Bennett's Yamina, and most likely the Islamist United Arab List. Lapid's task was made even more difficult after war broke out with Hamas militants in the Gaza Strip on May 10. His coalition talks were put on hold during the 11 days of fighting. But with Wednesday's deadline looming, negotiations have kicked into high gear. Lapid has reached coalition deals with three other parties so far. If he finalizes a deal with Bennett, the remaining partners are expected to quickly fall into place.

Good morning - we're following these stories today: Wildfire In Southern Idaho Is Growing Quickly. International Criminal Court Jails Congolese Warlord For Forcing Children Into Combat. (BBC) Annan Travels To Tehran For Help In Solving Syrian Conflict. (Los Angeles Times) Egypt's Parliament Defies Military And Meets Briefly; Looks To Court For Guidance. (Guardian) Ex-Barclay's CEO Will Give Up $31 Million In Bonuses. (AFP) Man Who Took Hostages At French School Now Under Arrest, No Injuries. (AP) Moderate Libyan Group Holds Early Lead In National Parliamentary Election Votes. (Bloomberg) Episcopal Bishops Will Briefly Test Official Prayer Service For Same Sex Couples. (AP) Hurricane Emilia Swirls In Pacific With 140 MPH Winds, Doesn't Threaten Land. (NHC) Detroit Slugger Prince Fielder Wins All-Star Home Run Derby. Again. (ESPN)


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Question: American Hikers Held By Iran To Be Freed 'In Two Days,' Ahmadinejad Says

Two Americans who have been held in Iran since July 2009 will be released "in two days," President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has told NBC News. Shane Bauer and Josh Fattal and a third American — Bauer's finance, Sarah Shourd — were hiking in Iraq in July 2009 when they crossed the border into Iran. They were arrested and accused of spying. Shourd was released on bail last year. All three were later convicted of spying and the two men have been serving eight-year prison sentences, over the protests of the U.S. and despite appeals from their families. Ahmadinejad broke the news of the men's impending release during a pre-recorded interview aired on NBC's Today show this morning. After word of his comments became known, The Associated Press reported that an attorney for the men, Masoud Shafiei, says that a bail of $500,000 for each has been set. As the AP notes, that is the same amount as the bail set last year for Shourd.

Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: As Fighting Rages In Damascus, Survival Of Assad's Regime Is In Doubt. Video May Show Suicide Bomber Who Attacked Bus In Bulgaria. Former Egyptian Vice President And Intelligence Chief Omar Suleiman Dies In U.S. (Reuters) Ramadan Starts At Sundown, Muslims Begin Their Holiest Month Of The Year. (BeliefNet) Widening U.S. Drought Means Some Higher Food Prices. (USA Today) Zimmerman Sorry For Trayvon Martin's Death, Terms It 'God's Plan'. (Miami Herald) New Inquiry Into Plane Crash That Killed UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold In 1961. (Guardian) Russian Muslim Leader Shot And Killed, Had Criticized Islamist Violence. (BBC) 3 European Hostages Freed In Mali After 10 Months, Fly To Burkina Faso. (AP) Television's 64th Emmy Award Nominations Out Today. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Remote Areas in Pakistan Still in Need of Supplies

Pakistan's army and private relief groups are sending food, medicine and shelter materials to sites struck by Saturday's earthquake, but few supplies have yet reached remote areas. The official death toll in Pakistan stands at about 23,000, but many bodies still lie buried in the hardest-hit regions.

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Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: Week In Politics: Health Care Legislation

NPR's Robert Siegel talks with regular political observers, columnists David Brooks of The New York Times and E.J. Dionne of The Washington Post and Georgetown University about the wrangling over health care on Capitol Hill.

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Lethal Injection On Trial. Greenhouse Gas Bill To Be Signed as Legal Fights Continue. End Music.


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Question: Art Critic Michael Kimmelman

The show rebroadcasts a discussion on art and life with New York Times art critic Michael Kimmelman. Kimmelman is the author of "Portraits: Talking with Artists at the Met, the Modern, the Louvre and Elsewhere," and "The Accidental Masterpiece: On the Art of Life and Vice Versa."

Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: Field Notes from 91.7 WVXU

For kids who can't get enough science, Thane Maynard's Field Notes introduces listeners to Crystal Clear after-school programs.

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: How Pictures Of Infant Boy's Eyes Helped Diagnose Cancer

Bryan Shaw never expected to write a research paper about a rare eye cancer. He's a chemist who works on how metals and proteins interact. But life has a funny way of interrupting the best-laid plans, and now Shaw may be on to a powerful new way to detect retinoblastoma in newborns. Such early detection could mean children with the disease would have a better chance of keeping their eyes and staying alive. Shaw's scientific odyssey begins in May 2008, when he and his wife, Elizabeth, had a baby boy, Noah. Bryan was a postdoc at Harvard University at the time. When Noah was 3 months old, Elizabeth noticed that sometimes when she took a flash picture of Noah with their digital camera, she would see a white reflection come back from his eyes instead of the usual red dot. She had read in a parenting magazine that this could be an early sign of retinoblastoma, so naturally as a first-time parent she assumed the worst. As husbands are wont to do, Bryan assured her she was crazy. But on their next visit to the pediatrician, the doctor dutifully shined a penlight into Noah's eyes, since a white reflection from this simple eye exam can also detect the retinoblastoma tumor. The pediatrician didn't like what she saw, so she sent the Shaws to an ophthalmologist, who confirmed the worst: Noah had tumors in both eyes. There followed months of chemotherapy, radiation, and ultimately surgery to remove Noah's right eye — and eventually years of checkups. At first, Shaw says, he was too distraught to think about his son's cancer in scientific terms. But one day when Noah was 2, Bryan was in the waiting room while Noah was getting therapy, and he started thinking about the baby pictures that first revealed the tumor. He wondered if there was a way to track the disease back to the day the tumors first appeared. He started small, but ultimately he would end up digitizing thousands of pictures he and Elizabeth had taken of Noah, searching for the first sign of leukocoria, as the white-eye condition is technically known. "It first showed up in a picture taken when Noah was 12 days old," says Shaw. It didn't appear in all the pictures taken around that time. The tumor was small then, and the camera angle had to be just right to get the white reflection. But by 3 months there were days when nearly all the pictures showed signs of leukocoria. Shaw is now on the faculty of Baylor University in Waco, Texas. He collaborated with the ophthalmologist who treated Noah at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Noah's oncologists at Dana Farber Cancer Institute to produce a paper published in PLOS ONE. In addition to pictures of Noah, the paper analyzes family photos from eight other children after they'd been diagnosed with retinoblastoma. The leukocoria is present in all of them. Using the more than 7,000 pictures Bryan and Elizabeth have taken of Noah, the paper also shows that the amount of leukocoria that the digital cameras can detect increases with the size of his tumor. Bryan is hoping to get more pictures from families with a child with retinoblastoma. He's also looking for a collaborator who could write software that would automate the process of scanning photos for leukocoria. The disease is rare — fewer than 12 cases per million children aged 0-4. That works out to about 1 case for every 15,000 live births. Still, Bryan thinks a screening test would help with early detection of the cancer, and might save the vision of kids like Noah. And speaking of Noah, he's a hoot. His health is good, and the cancers seem to have given up. He likes to draw and sing, and he's anything but shy. He has a prosthesis where his right eye used to be, which makes him look pretty much like any kid his age. And now he has a baby brother Samuel who, happily, doesn't share his disease.

Stories: 1) Putting Puppies Behind Bars (For A Good Cause) 2) Forensic Vet Helps Prevent Animal Cruelty 3) Rescuing Katrina's Four-Legged Victims


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Question: FAA Issues New Rules For Air Traffic Controllers

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The Federal Aviation Administration gave air traffic controllers new procedures Friday as officials try to contain the fallout from an incident earlier this week in which two airliners landed at Reagan National Airport without assistance because the lone controller on duty was asleep. Regional radar facilities are now required to alert controllers working alone at night in an airport tower that a plane is approaching, FAA Administrator Randy Babbitt said in a statement. The radar controllers are "to confirm that there is a controller prepared to handle the incoming flight," he said. Regional controllers have also been reminded that if no controller can be raised at an airport tower, proper procedures require they offer pilots the option of diverting to another airport, Babbitt said. Controllers at a regional FAA radar facility in Warrenton, Va., about 40 miles from Reagan, didn't offer that option to the pilots who were unable to reach the airport's tower between 12:04 and 12:28 a.m. on Wednesday. Repeated phone calls from the regional facility to the tower also went unanswered. The planes — an American Airlines flight from Dallas and a United Airlines flight from Chicago with a combined 165 people on board — landed safely. Pilots can always decide on their own authority to divert to another airport, said Rory Kay, a former Air Line Pilots Association safety chairman and an international airline captain. The controller on duty in the tower — a veteran air traffic supervisor — acknowledged to investigators who interviewed him Thursday that he had dozed off, the National Transportation Safety Board said. The controller, who has not been identified, was working his fourth 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. shift in a row, according the board, which is investigating the episode. The incident has renewed concern about the potential safety consequences of controllers suffering from fatigue, a longstanding concern of the board. It has also sparked criticism of FAA's practice of scheduling a single controller on overnight shifts at some airports, but especially at Reagan, which is in Arlington, Va., and just across the Potomac River from downtown Washington. "This is not a mom-and-pop airport for small planes, and is in the vicinity of some very sensitive airspace," Kay said. At least one congressional committee has launched its own investigation, and the issue is expected to be raised next week when the House takes up a bill to provide long term authority for FAA programs. On Wednesday night, less than 24 hours after the incident, Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood ordered a second controller be added to the overnight shift at Reagan About 30 other airports around the country also have a single controller on duty on the overnight shift. In some instances, the controllers work alone for only a part of the shift. FAA is examining whether staffing on those overnight shifts should be increased. On Friday, the safety board recommended to the FAA that it no longer allow air traffic controllers to provide supervisory oversight while performing operational air traffic duties. The recommendation wasn't directly related to this week's incident. But if FAA were to follow the board's recommendation, the agency would effectively have to assign at least two people — a supervisor and a controller — to every shift. In a previous letter to FAA, NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman pointed to several previous airport accidents in which the air traffic supervisor on duty was also working as a controller directing air traffic instead of being free to devote attention entirely to the supervising of controllers.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Acting FBI Boss To Take Comey's Place At Senate Intel Hearing. -- Workers Take Jefferson Davis Statue Off Its Pedestal In New Orleans. -- Ex-Massey Energy CEO Completes 1-Year Federal Criminal Sentence. -- Dissident Rebels In Colombia Ignore Peace Treaty And Continue Extortion. And here are more early headlines: Tillerson Joins Arctic Nations Officials Meeting In Alaska. (AP) Montana Glaciers Shrinking At Tremendous Rate. (USGS) Venzuelan Protesters Fling Feces At Government Forces. (Washington Post) Energy Department To Study Tunnel Cave-In At Nuclear Waste Site. (NBC) VA Chief Says More Time Needed To End Veteran Homelessness. (AP) Boeing Halts New Plane Delivery To Test Potential Engine Problem. (Seattle Times)


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Question: Kenosha: Negligence Claims Filed Against City And County Over Fatal Shootings

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The series of events that shook the city of Kenosha, Wis., in August continue to reverberate as victims and their families seek justice. Within the next two weeks, Kenosha County District Attorney Michael Gravely is expected to decide whether to criminally charge Kenosha police officer Rusten Sheskey in the Aug. 23 shooting of Jacob Blake. Sheskey, who is white, shot Blake, who is Black, seven times in the back as Blake walked away from officers. Blake is now paralyzed. Anticipating possible unrest, Kenosha announced plans for measures it could take when the decision comes, in order "to protect peaceful demonstration and to guard against unlawful activity." Among the possible precautions: a designated space for demonstrations, a curfew, road closures and limits on city bus routes, and protective fencing. Protesters took to the streets of Kenosha in the wake of Blake's shooting. Amid protests on the night of Aug. 25, 17-year-old Kyle Rittenhouse allegedly shot three men: Anthony Huber and Joseph Rosenbaum were killed, while Gaige Grosskreutz was seriously wounded. Grosskreutz and the family of Huber have now each filed claim notices of $10 million against the Kenosha Police Department and the Kenosha County Sheriff's Department, the Associated Press reports – a step that is typically a precursor to a lawsuit against local government. "We believe there was some level of negligence on behalf of the city and county," Grosskreutz's attorney Kimberley Motley told the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. She said the claim notices included less detail than is typical because the plaintiffs don't wish to interfere in the prosecution of Rittenhouse. Rittenhouse is out on $2 million bail — much of which was donated by conservative activists — as he awaits trial on charges including first-degree intentional homicide, first-degree reckless homicide and attempted first-degree intentional homicide. Last week, prosecutors added another charge, the Journal Sentinel reported: violation of curfew on the night of the shootings.


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Question: From A Concert Earlier This

From a concert earlier this year at Victoria Hall in Geneva, the Orchestra of the Suisse Romande (swees roh-MAHND), conducted by Eliahu Inbal (ee-lee-AH-hoo EEN-bahl), performs the tone poem "Also Sprach Zarathustra" (AHL-zoh SHPRA[CH] tsah-rah-TOOS-trah--"Thus Spake Zarathustra") by Richard Strauss. (Radio Suisse Romande/EBU)

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Stories: 1) Primary Colors, Brighter than Usual? 2) Adrian Tomine, Drawing Delicately from Life 3) Believe It or Not, 'Lost' Returns for a New Season


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Question: Virginia Lawmakers Renew National Debate Over ERA

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Lawmakers in Virginia are set to take important votes on the Equal Rights Amendment amid a renewed push to ratify it. Activists from across the country, who remember the fight decades ago, look back.


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Question: Maren Morris Takes A Step Beyond Country With 'Girl'

The country star's latest album proves Morris isn't long for the country genre — she's a pop singer with an affinity for rhythm & blues, and she's not holding back.

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Stories: 1) John Mellencamp: A New Recording, An Old Sound 2) Marty Stuart Returns To His Roots On 'Ghost Train'


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Question: Pot Brownies Should Be Childproofed, Doctors Say

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As some states become friendly to medical marijuana, many users are opting to eat their pot instead of smoking it. And that means marijuana dispensaries are doing heavy business in brownies, cookies, sodas, candy and other treats heavily dosed with THC. But unlike drugs that come in bottles, these tasty marijuana foods haven't been childproofed. And in Colorado, doctors say that kids who apparently get into their parents and grandparents' stashes are getting sick. Colorado legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes in 2000. When the Obama administration said in 2009 that state laws wouldn't be challenged by federal law enforcement authorities, the state's medical pot industry exploded. In the past few years, George Sam Wang, a doctor in the emergency department at Children's Hospital Colorado, began seeing kids in the ER with some pretty severe symptoms from consuming marijuana. And so he decided to look at whether there had been an increase in cases of accidental marijuana ingestion among children following the new drug laws. Wang found that after Colorado changed its marijuana laws in late 2009, 14 kids under the age of 12 came to his hospital to be treated for ingesting marijuana. Eight of the 14 cases involved medical marijuana, and seven of the kids had eaten pot-laced food. Their symptoms ranged from lethargy to respiratory problems. Two kids ended up in the intensive care unit. The results of Wang's study — one of the first to look at how changes in state laws that legalize marijuana affect kids — appear this week in the journal JAMA Pediatrics. "It is ironic that we're seeing these unintended consequences of these [medical marijuana products] we decided to allow in public," Wang tells The Salt. "But our goal was to educate the public so that we can try and keep things out of kids' hands and prevent these cases." He's not the first doctor to sound the alarm in Colorado. In 2010, Denver psychiatrist Christian Thurstone argued on Talk of the Nation that the state's relaxed laws have made the drug too accessible to many adolescents. Michael Kosnett, a medical toxicologist and associate clinical professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, notes that marijuana has grown much more potent over the years. Some of the candy bars and cookies sold in Colorado dispensaries contain over 100 milligrams of THC, which he says is well above the level known to cause adverse effects. "There's a more serious risk to a child because they're smaller in size," he says. The solution, he says, is not to ban the products but to require child-resistant packaging for marijuana edibles. "What was concerning to us was that here were dispensaries selling products very clearly labeled as drugs, but yet these stores were not packaging them like other medications," says Kosnett. "We know from experiencing that use of child-resistant packaging has been highly effective at preventing poisoning of children." Kosnett and Wang have been talking with policymakers about this issue, and just this week, Colorado's governor signed into law a bill to require the child-resistant packaging for medical marijuana products. (That typically means a package that only 20 percent of 4- to 5-year-old kids can open in 10 minutes, Kosnett says.) The rules will be drawn up in the next week and finalized by June 1. Children's health experts in Washington state, which recently decriminalized marijuana, are watching Colorado's experience closely. "The legalization of recreational marijuana, especially the solid and liquid-infused forms permitted in Washington, will provide children greater access to cookies, candies, brownies and beverages that contain marijuana," write Dr. William Hurley of the University of Washington and Washington Poison Center, and Suzan Mazor from Seattle Children's Hospital, in an editorial that accompanied Wang's study. The authors recommend training for physicians to recognize and manage toxic reactions to marijuana exposure in kids.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: Cholera Vaccine In  The Caribbean: A Hypothetical  Lifesaver

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The official  count of cholera deaths in Haiti has surpassed 1,000 and authorities predict the disease will spread to  other Caribbean countries. There are two effective oral  cholera vaccines that cost as little as $1 a dose. Could they prevent a lot of sickness and death in the coming months? Hypothetically. But  don't bet the farm on it. The problem, experts  tell Shots, is there are only something like 500,000 doses of the vaccine on the  entire planet. You read that right. There are only  500,000 doses of vaccine for a disease that sickens  up to five million people a  year and kills around 120,000. Read More What's more, since each person requires two doses, there's only enough cholera vaccine to  immunize, at most,  250,000 people. And if you're also trying to protect young kids, who   need three doses, then even fewer people can get protected. And anyway, meeting the immediate threat assumes the entire world's stockpile could be airlifted in  the foreseeable future to island of  Hispaniola, shared by  Haiti and Dominican  Republic. Together their population is around  18 million. Dr. Jon Andrus, deputy director of the Pan American Health Organization and an immunization  expert, says PAHO recently "spent a lot of time discussing with some of the best  experts in the world" whether to deploy cholera vaccine in Haiti and the  Dominican Republic. There is a public health rationale for it, they  decided. But when they found  out how pitiful the world's cholera vaccine stocks are, Andrus told Shots, "we  dropped that discussion and didn't feel we needed to pursue it. There just  wouldn't have been the supply. The question is: Who would you  vaccinate?" Or rather: Who would  you deny the vaccine? It's not far-fetched to imagine vaccine riots. Many public health  experts say you can't use cholera vaccine during an epidemic to contain it. It  moves too fast, they say. There are three infected-but-asymptomatic people for  every obviously sick person, so you can't tell whom it's too late to vaccinate.  It takes several weeks to vaccinate susceptible people and achieve effective  immunity. "If you're in the  middle of a rip-roaring outbreak, the person you vaccinate would already have  been exposed and the marginal gain from vaccination is not there," Andrus  says. Dr. John Clemens  doesn't buy that. He's director-general of the International Vaccine Institute in Seoul, which developed one of the oral cholera vaccines with support from the  Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. "There are a lot of  assumptions made by people who say you can't really contain cholera with a  vaccine," Clemens told Shots. "In fact, it's never been tried so we really don't  know." He points out that current vaccines give considerable protection after  the first dose. However you come down on this debate, most  would acknowledge there's a difference between containment and control.  Containment means acting in the short term to keep a disease within a confined  area. Controlling it means reducing the toll of illness and death over a longer  period of time. Haiti will soon  transition from the acute outbreak phase to longer-term spread, within its  borders and beyond. That's when cholera vaccine could really make a  difference. "There have been  some studies to show that if you're in a community outside the outbreak and you  have time to vaccinate, there might be a benefit," Andrus says,  cautiously. Although cholera is  spreading rapidly in Haiti – so far six of the country's  10 provinces have been affected to greater or lesser degree -- there are still communities that have been relatively unaffected. And  there will be time to make a difference for many. Computer models  "project about 200,000 cases over the next six to 12 months," Andrus said during  a media teleconference Tuesday. Unless  Haiti does a lot better at preventing  death from cholera in the near term, we can predict that something like 10,000  people will die. Moreover, Latin America's experience with a major cholera pandemic  beginning in 1991 makes it "likely that cholera will spread to other countries  in the hemisphere" in the foreseeable future, Andrus adds. The  University of Washington's Ira Longini says you don't have to vaccinate everybody to have a big effect. "Once  you get 60 to 70 percent coverage, you shut off transmission of cholera,"  Longini told Shots. It's a well-known phenomenon called herd immunity. But using vaccines  to limit the disaster would require a massive increase in production of the two  vaccines – Dukoral, made by  a Dutch company, and Shanchol, a newer vaccine made by an Indian firm, Shanthal, that last year  announced it was ready to turn out five million doses. Even though there  are only 250,000 or so doses of Shanchol that are ready to ship, Clemens of the  International Vaccine Institute says there are many times that number available  in bulk form. That vaccine could be shipped out if somebody stepped up and said  we're going to

Stories: 1) Turning Poverty Into A Multibillion-Dollar Industry 2) John Prine: Midwestern Mind Trips To The Nth Degree


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Question: 'Act Of God' Blamed By Energy Company For Decade-Old Oil Spill

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An oil and gas company has spoken publicly for the first time on a decade-long oil leak in the Gulf of Mexico. Damage from Hurricane Ivan in 2004 toppled a production platform off the Louisiana coast.

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Happy Valentine's Day! Here are our early stories: -- Virginia's Same-Sex Marriage Ban Is Ruled Unconstitutional. -- Worst Is Over But More Snow's Coming. -- Massive Volcanic Eruption In Indonesia Blankets Region In Ash. And here are more early headlines: Obama Travels To California To View Drought Problems. (Fresno Bee) Syrian Peace Talks End Today; Mediator Says Little Progress Seen. (VOA) Nepal To Cut Everest Climbing Fees To Promote Smaller, Safer Groups. (AP) Justice Department To Investigate N.C. Toxic Ash Spills. (News & Observer) Lawsuit Reinstated Against BP Over Alaska Oil Spills. (Anchorage Daily News) Workers Digging Up Mammoth Tusk In Seattle Apartment Development. (Seattle Times)


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Question: Rodney Crowell On World Cafe

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"I pulled out Diamonds And Dirt, that record, and I looked at the album cover and there I had on a pair of silver-toe-tipped boots and a wife-beater with a bolo tie hanging around myself and a mullet hairdo. And I turned to my wife and I said 'Look at this poser.' " That's Rodney Crowell talking about the album that, with five No. 1 country hits, was his biggest success. The veteran singer-songwriter made it at a time when he wasn't particularly happy. Today, he's more content and has done plenty of ruminative thinking about his life and friends who have held special places in it — particularly Guy and Susanna Clark. (Crowell drew inspiration from the end of Guy Clark's life for his new song "It Ain't Over Yet.") On his new album, Close Ties, Crowell is joined by his ex-wife Rosanne Cash and John Paul White on vocals. Hear a wide-ranging and rich conversation with one of our finest songwriters in the player above.

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Stories: 1) Merle Haggard Reflects On His Outlaw Country Past 2) George Jones: A Wild Reputation, A Big Texas Sound 3) Bobby Braddock: Spelling Success With Country Songs


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Question: Bloomberg: Many Agendas for Post-Partisan Mike

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New York Mayor Mike Bloomberg made a much-ballyhooed trip to the City of Angels this week, but his big news still came out of the Big Apple, where it was learned the billionaire mayor had officially departed the Republican Party. Most of the media regarded the mayor's new registration as an all-but-official declaration of independent candidacy. His words say no, but his eyes say yes. Why else would a man worth between $5 billion and $13 billion forsake the only aegis under which he has ever run for office? One might deduce it's time to start printing the Mike in '08 bumperstickers now. Speculation about his plans has been rampant on the political futures market for many weeks, and you can get any kind of bet on whether he would have a chance to win or simply to spoil. It's also far from clear which party his entry would help or hurt. Polls show him taking votes from Republicans, but strategists can also see him splitting the moderate-to-liberal vote that's expected to turn out after eight years of George W. Bush. But not so fast. This week's enticing gesture may be more a feint than a fait accompli. And it may not be nearly as dispositive as the rush to judgment. There could be any number of motivations working on this accomplished onetime son of Medford, Mass.  Sure, he would like to be president. But the hard-nosed reporters who travel with him doubt he'll run unless he thinks he can win. Odds are he can't. So what else what might be on his mind? Let's start with the high road. He says he's leaving the GOP just so he can govern as a post-partisan guy. Maybe that's actually part of his vanity or his value system. This is a guy who paid for both his own campaigns out of his own pocket. And he put plenty into GOP coffers when the party brought its 2004 convention to Manhattan (entirely to make the 9-11 connection).  Doesn't that empower him to walk away? Beyond these contributions, Bloomberg has proven himself a serious man of policy who will raise taxes, tackle the gun lobby and tell people they can't smoke in bars. He's earned the right to criticize Washington for its risk-averse politics.   And let's not forget about ego. It cannot be easy for this proud man to watch so many other New York politicians parade across his TV screen night after night. Even as he has scored substantial successes on the policy front Bloomberg has slipped in the media standings. The hot names these days are New York's Democratic Sen. Hillary Clinton and Bloomberg's predecessor in City Hall, Republican Rudy Giuliani. Even Chuck Schumer, the state's other Democratic senator, has claimed considerable airtime by restoring his party's majority in the Senate and leading the charge against Attorney General Alberto Gonzales. There aren't many ways for a term-limited mayor of New York to get back on top of the TV news director's priority list. He's got to run against an incumbent officeholder just as famous as he is, or he's got to run for president. And for Bloomberg, that's an easy choice. For the moment, Bloomberg himself is saying his personal dealignment betokens nothing more than a desire to run his city without recourse to party. He says he wants to serve out his remaining 926 days as mayor. It's a noble thought, and nonetheless so for its comfy fit with other motives he might be mulling right now. In recent weeks, Bloomberg has stressed his preference for the pragmatic politics practiced in city halls and statehouses over the winner-take-all, beggar-thy-neighbor wars of Washington. At times, his whole agenda has seemed to be more about political means than political ends. In fact, Bloomberg was in Los Angeles this week to attend what was a billed as the first gathering of the post-partisan era. The event was a conference called "Ceasefire: Bridging the Political Divide," sponsored by the new Center on Communication Leadership at the University of Southern California's Annenberg School. Sharing the conference stage was co-headliner Arnold Schwarzenegger, the governor of California and another nominal Republican whose recent moves have raised eyebrows and hackles in the GOP. Also on hand were Arizona Gov. Janet Napolitano, chairman of the National Governors Association and a practicing centrist, and the mayor of Los Angeles, Antonio Villaraigosa, who has put aside his partisan days as a labor organizer and state legislator for the politics of the Big Tent, consensus and compromise. Each of these executives argued that among their constituents, parties mattered less than getting something done for the people.  But they also acknowledged it was easier to do this at home than in Washington, where the constituencies of 50 disparate states were far harder to reconcile than those of a single state. When Bloomberg's blockbuster hit the wires and airwaves, it seemed at first to have upstaged the conference itself. But in the end, the opposite was true. The speeches and panels had received scant media notice until the word of Bloomberg's mo

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News Headlines: Jan. 28, 2007 Talk About It:New York Times: Races Entering Complex Phase Over Delegates -- "The presidential campaign is entering a new phase as Democratic and Republican candidates move beyond state-by-state competition and into a potentially protracted scramble for delegates Congressional district by Congressional district. The shifting terrain is influencing the strategies of candidates from both parties." What's your reaction to the results of South Carolina's primary? What do you think Florida holds for the GOP? Election 2008:Washington Post: In S.C., Black Vote Was Vital, But Not Whole Story New York Times: Jackson: Not Upset by Clinton Remarks | Toni Morrison Endorses Obama Fox News: Huckabee on Romney's Fried Chicken Moment Washington Post: Kennedy Endorses Obama In Blow to Clinton AP: Indicted Obama Fundraiser Rezko Arrested Philadelphia Inquirer: In Fla., Age Is an Issue for McCain Nation:Politico: Final Bush SOTU Unlikely to Yield Surprises The AJC: 10,000 African-American Baptists Confer in Atlanta Newsday: Immigrant-Rights Group Reaches Out to Blacks Detroit Free Press: Kilpatrick Chief of Staff Quits Post Over Texts Washington Post: Black Historical Figures Get Their Due World:New York Times: Ethnic Violence in Rift Valley Is Tearing Kenya Apart AFP: EU Launches Chad, CAR Peacekeeping Mission Money & Finance:New York Times: 'Washington Post' Starts Online Magazine for Blacks AFP: Blacks See 'Financial Apartheid' in Subprime Crisis AP: New Home Sales Plunged by Record Amount in 2007 People:Black Voices: Ruby Dee Wins First SAG Award AP: Sears' Lewis to Step Down As CEO


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Question: 7 Ton Mango Vanishes From Popular Roadside Attraction

Tourists visiting Bowen, Australia, got a bit of a shock on Monday when it was discovered that one of the town's famous giant fruits was missing. A food chain took it as a publicity stunt.

Stories: 1) MRSA: The Drug-Resistant 'Superbug' That Won't Die 2) At Pepper's Hideout, A South Side Party To Remember


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Question: LA Dodgers Win World Series In Game 6, Defeating Tampa Bay 3-1

The Los Angeles Dodgers won the 2020 World Series in Game 6 Tuesday night, defeating the Tampa Bay Rays 3-1. It was the longest of waits for the L.A. Dodgers and their long-suffering fans. The last World Series title was back in 1988. That's 32 long years. Yet they have played in three of the last four World Series — including in 2017, losing to the Houston Astros (who, as you may recall, cheated--or more accurately--illegally used technology to steal signs and relay upcoming pitches to Astros batters). But it took this most unusual of years for the Dodgers to find a way to win it all. Major League Baseball shortened its regular season from the usual 162-games to just 60 because of the coronavirus pandemic. Games were played in teams' home stadiums without fans. A few early-season COVID outbreaks threatened to derail the season altogether. The Dodgers persevered to become the top team in baseball (finishing with the best regular season record). L.A. led with its offensive prowess, quality pitching and stellar defense. Both teams sparkled during the World Series with momentum swings, long home runs and impressive defensive stops. But L.A. found a way to win.  In a bit of postseason scheduling luck, the Dodgers essentially had home field advantage. They played the National Division Series, the N.L. Championship and the World Series in the same stadium: Globe Life Field in Arlington, Texas. Major League Baseball played almost the entire playoffs at neutral sites to minimize travel and reduce the coronavirus exposure risk. It was the first time since 1944 that the World Series was held at a single site.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Hong Kong Protesters Vow To Step Up Pro-Democracy Campaign. -- ISIS Militants Reportedly Behead Kurds In Northern Syria. -- Sen. Warren: We Need Regulators Who 'Work For The American People'. And here are more early headlines: Secret Service Unaware Armed Man Was Recently Close To Obama. (Washington Examiner) Rescuers Recover More Bodies At Japanese Volcano. (AP) California Mayor Fatally Shot In Domestic Abuse. (KTLA) California Permits Temporary Gun Seizures From Those Deemed A Danger. (Los Angeles Times) Atlantic City Fire Destroys Several Buildings. (CBS) Study Says Seniors Fare Best In Norway, Worst In Afghanistan. (VOA) Kansas City Royals Win AL Wild Card Game In Walkoff. (Kansas City Star)


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Question: Actor Peter Dinklage

NPR's Karen Grigsby Bates talks with Peter Dinklage, star of the film The Station Agent, about his character's struggle to overcome the social isolation of being a dwarf.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Ted Talk, Slow Bern, Queen B Stings


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Question: A Photography Phone Call: On Life, Faith And Trains

Over the past few years I've been to a few photography festivals to review portfolios. When I first met Christopher Chadbourne in New Orleans about two years ago, he was showing some photos from a project about state fairs. I liked the photos and that was pretty much all we talked about. Then I met him again a few months ago in Portland, Ore. This time, he was showing a new group of photos — views from a moving train. What's appealing about trains, he later explained on the phone, is how "you have no idea what's coming, so you have literally a second ... to shoot." The metaphor extends to his life, which, about five years ago, was almost completely derailed by a diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Oddly, that diagnosis got him back on track with photography. After a few conversations, I've learned that there is so much more to these photos — and to Chadbourne — than meets the eye. Isn't that always the case? All you have to do is ask. And actually, that's my favorite thing about this blog: the excuse to ask. Especially the big questions — over long phone conversations. It seems like a waste to not share them. So, without saying much more, I'll let Chadbourne do the talking in this little experimental video. Life is like riding trains is like photography: "You have to see the moment and get it fast," he says. "You don't get two chances." Please leave your thoughts and comments. Photographs from the series WONDERLAND: How The Railroad Right-Of-Way Shaped And Reveals The American Landscape

Stories: 1) William Hurt: In Every Role, A New Life To Inhabit 2) From Israel, A Humane And Honest Look At Life


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Question: Fresh Air Weekend: New Muhammad Ali Biography; Roz Chast Draws A Guide To NYC

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Fresh Air Weekend highlights some of the best interviews and reviews from past weeks, and new program elements specially paced for weekends. Our weekend show emphasizes interviews with writers, filmmakers, actors and musicians, and often includes excerpts from live in-studio concerts. This week: New Muhammad Ali Biography Reveals A Flawed Rebel Who Loved Attention: "I don't think we do Ali any good by treating him as a saint," says biographer Jonathan Eig. "He was a human being, and he was deeply flawed, but ... he had the spirit of a rebel." 50 Years After The Summer Of Love, Hippie Counterculture Is Relegated To Kitsch: Looking back on the vanished styles and language of the hippie movement, linguist Geoff Nunberg says, "The most persistent single pejorative term to come out of the era is 'hippie' itself." Cartoonist Roz Chast Draws A 'Love Letter' To New York City, Cockroaches And All: The New Yorker cartoonist channels her affection for the city into a new tongue-in-cheek guidebook, Going Into Town. "It's just fun," Chast says of New York. "Everything seems to suggest stories." You can listen to the original interviews here: New Muhammad Ali Biography Reveals A Flawed Rebel Who Loved Attention 50 Years After The Summer Of Love, Hippie Counterculture Is Relegated To Kitsch Cartoonist Roz Chast Draws A 'Love Letter' To New York City, Cockroaches And All

Stories: 1) Fresh Air Remembers War Reporter Anthony Shadid 2) Michelle Williams: The Fresh Air Interview 3) A Veteran's 'Return' To The Front Lines Of Home


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Question: House Clears Way for Subpoenas on Attorney Firings

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A House panel has authorized subpoenas for White House adviser Karl Rove and other officials Wednesday, if they refuse to testify voluntarily. President Bush has said he would not make them available for testimony unless they appear in private, and not under oath.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Iran's Foreign Minister: Renegotiating Nuclear Deal Would Damage U.S. Credibility. -- Border Patrol Agent Acquitted In 2012 Fatal Shooting Of Mexican Teen. -- Prince's Family Files Wrongful Death Suit Against Hospital, Pharmacy Chain. -- Facebook Updates Community Standards, Expands Appeals Process. And here are more early headlines: Report: Confirmation Hearing To Be Delayed For V.A. Nominee. (Washington Post) Suit Filed Against New Indiana Abortion Law. (Indianapolis Business Journal) Government Seeks E-Coli Source In Contaminated Lettuce. (Washington Post) Despite Government Action, Nicaragua Protests Continue. (Los Angeles Times) New Afghanistan Attacks Leave 9 Dead. (RFE/RL) Ukrainian Agency Hit By Ransomware. (Reuters)


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Question: West Virginia Voters Head To The Polls

The 2016 primary elections come to West Virginia today. Although Hillary Clinton won the state by a wide margin in 2008, it looks like Senator Bernie Sanders might overtake her in this year’s contest. Here & Now’s Meghna Chakrabarti speaks to West Virginia Public News statehouse reporter Ashton Marra about that race, the Republican primary there, and what West Virginia voters care about most. Guest

Ashton Marra, assistant news director, statehouse reporter at West Virginia Public News. She tweets @AshtonMarra.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- After Four Years, Chinese Dissident Artist Ai Weiwei Gets His Passport Back. -- Loops, Glitches Raise Questions About Dash Cam Video. And here are more early headlines: Critical Transportation Bill Stalls In Senate. (Politico) Congress To Get Briefing From Administration On Iran Nuclear Deal. (USA Today) Jury To Start Sentencing Phase In Colorado Theater Shooter Case. (NBC) Kyrgyzstan Ends Treaty With U.S. Following Diplomatic Row. (VOA) Burundi Counts Votes In Presidential Election That The U.S. Says Isn't Credible. (BBC) Armed Citizens Guarding Some Military Recruitment Centers. (AP) Navajo Nation Voters Loosen Language Requirements For Tribal Leaders. (Farmington Daily Times) Washed Out I-10 Freeway Bridge To Partially Re-Open Friday. (KJZZ) Scientists Believe They've Got Fragments Of World's Oldest Koran. (Time)


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Question: New Mix: Of Montreal, Gem Club, Perera Elsewhere, More

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It's been a dreary, rainy week in D.C. On this episode of All Songs Considered, hosts Bob Boilen and Robin Hilton are a little stir crazy after being stuck inside during the storms. But, with thunder rolling in the background, Robin kicks things off with an ethereal cut from the Berlin-based trip-hop artist Perera Elsewhere that perfectly captures the mood. Meanwhile, Bob, who's still picking confetti out of his clothes following a recent Flaming Lips show, shares new music from his latest obsession: the mesmerizing, Boston-based duo Gem Club. Later, Bob and Robin are joined by NPR Music's Saidah Blount and Otis Hart who introduce us to 21st century gospel doo-wop from Mapei and the Australian rapper Remi. Also on the show: The psychedelic rock group Of Montreal channels vintage Rolling Stones on a new song called "Fugitive Air," and the sultry sounds of New York City-based singer Tati Ana.

Happy Friday the 13th! On this week's New Music Friday, All Song Considered's Robin Hilton speaks with NPR's Ann Powers, Stephen Thompson, Lars Gotrich, and Sidney Madden about the best new releases of the week. Highlights include Wiz Khalifa's long-awaited followup to the 2011 pop-rap breakout Rolling Papers, the calming songs of Luluc, affirmations of love from the Dirty Projectors and more. Featured Albums  Rayland Baxter: Wide Awake Featured Song: "Strange American Dream" Dirty Projectors: Lamp Lit Prose Featured Song: "Right Now" The Ophelias: Almost Featured Song: "Fog" Wiz Khalifa: Rolling Papers 2 Featured Song: "Rolling Papers 2" Luluc: Sculptor Featured Song: "Moon Girl" Amy Shark: Love Monster Featured Song: "All Loved Up" Cowboy Junkies: All That ReckoningFeatured Song: "The Things We Do To Each Other"  Other Notable Releases For July 13: Deaf Heaven: Ordinary Corrupt Human Love, Wet: Still Run, Body/Head: The Switch, Lotic: Power, Jenn Champion: Single Rider, Laurel Halo: Raw Silk Uncut Wood, The Suffers: Everything Here, Valley Queen: Supergiant.


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Question: The challenge of affordable housing

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As the Metropolitan Council requires Twin Cities communities to build thousands of units of affordable housing, cities and residents raise concerns about sharing the burden and the opportunity.

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How the once fairly-stable business of public utilities is changing.


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Question: Schools Will Soon Have To Put In Writing If They 'Lunch Shame'

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Every day in this country students come to school without a way to pay for lunch. Right now it's up to the school to decide what happens next. Since new legislation out of New Mexico on so-called lunch shaming made headlines, we've heard a lot about how schools react. Some provide kids an alternative lunch, like a cold cheese sandwich. Other schools sometimes will provide hot lunch, but require students do chores, have their hand stamped or wear a wristband showing they're behind in payment. And, some schools will deny students lunch all together. With policies to handle unpaid meals all over the map, the USDA, which administers the federal school meal program, will soon require that all school districts have a policy on what to do when kids can't pay — a growing problem. By July 1, those policies must be in writing and communicated to staff, parents and the community. "We're saying feed these children first, and let the grownups sort out the finances," says Jennifer Ramo, who's with the anti-hunger group, New Mexico Appleseed. About nine years ago she says she started hearing stories about kids receiving a tray of food only to have it tossed out by a cafeteria worker when they realized students didn't have the money to pay. Seeing the need, Ramo worked with New Mexico state Sen. Michael Padilla to write the state law banning schools from shaming children without the ability to pay for meals. "A lot of people are very disgusted by this practice and they're reaching out — calling their own state senators and state representatives and asking them to get on it immediately," says Sen. Padilla. Since the bill became law earlier this month, he says lawmakers from around the country have reached out to see how they can address the same issues where they are. Texas and California are already working on similar legislation. California Democratic state Sen. Robert Hertzberg introduced the Child Hunger Prevention and Fair Treatment Act. "When I presented the bill, the two Republican senators on the committee joined as co-authors. How great is that? It just tells you this is not a partisan issue. It's a basic fundamental human issue everybody gets," he says. The School Nutrition Association found about 75 percent of districts had some unpaid student meal debt at the end of the last school year. Part of the challenge is that students who qualify for free or reduced priced meals through the federal school lunch program, aren't signed up. The law in New Mexico aims to deal with that fact. Jennifer Ramo says her state law is leading the way. Perhaps the timing couldn't be better. She says she's confident that because districts must now put their debt policies in writing, they will get much more scrutiny. "I'm hoping communities really put pressure on their own districts to say, 'We want our children fed,'" she says.

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Given ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details.', 'Mitt Romney flirts with a new block of voters; Scientists decide a spare tire is actually good for your health; a word of warning for cats…'], a positive would be ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Listener Limerick Challenge']

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


Question: The Front Row with Betsy Ross from 91.7 WVXU

Suzanna Gagnier, author of Putting On The Blitz: The Football Guide for Women, is in The Front Row with Betsy Ross explaining how women can better enjoy the NFL.

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A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU.


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Question: Deadly Year For Journalists On The Job

It's been another deadly year for journalists worldwide. The Committee to Protect Journalists issued a report saying at least 60 reporters, photographers and other members of the media were killed in 2014 while on the job, and that nearly half of those were targeted for murder. This year's total numbers are down from 70 the previous year but the past three years have been the deadliest since the CPJ started keeping records in 1992. The report says about a quarter of those killed in 2014 were international journalists. That's roughly double what the CPJ has documented in recent years. Still, the report says despite increased risks to western journalists working in conflict zones, the overwhelming majority of journalists who are at risk are local. Syria continues to be the deadliest place for journalists for the third year in a row. At least 17 members of the media were killed there this year, including American freelance journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff, who were beheaded by the Islamic State. The CPJ believes roughly 20 other journalists, mostly local, are currently missing in Syria and believed to be held by the Islamic State. The report says overall the Middle East is the deadliest region for journalists. At least five journalists were killed in Iraq, another seven members of the media died covering the conflict between Israel and Gaza this summer. For the first time in several years, members of the media were also killed in Ukraine, Turkey, Myanmar and Paraguay. Three journalists were killed by villagers while covering the Ebola outbreak in Guinea. The organization is still investigating 18 other incidents where members of the media may have been killed. The organization considers it a work-related death when a journalist is killed as a direct reprisal for their work, if they were carrying out a dangerous assignment or if they were in combat-related crossfire. The list does not include those who died of illness or in an accident, unless it was caused by hostile action. DAVID GREENE, HOST:  2014 has been another deadly year for people who cover the news. The Committee to Protect Journalists has issued a report saying at least 60 reporters, photographers and other members of the media were killed this year while on the job. Nearly half of those were targeted for murder. Here's NPR's Jackie Northam. JACKIE NORTHAM, BYLINE: The Committee to Protect Journalists compiles details of journalist deaths worldwide, whether it's a reporter or photographer killed as a direct reprisal for their work, caught in combat-related crossfire or carrying out a dangerous assignment. Joel Simon, the executive director of the CPJ says this year's numbers are down slightly from 70 the previous year, but he says the last few years has been the deadliest since the organization began keeping records in 1992. JOEL SIMON: This has been the most dangerous three years that we've ever documented. And there are a number of cases outstanding that we continue to investigate. NORTHAM: Syria continues to be the most dangerous place for journalists for the third year in a row. At least 17 members of the media were killed there this year, including American freelance journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff,  who were beheaded by militants from the self-proclaimed Islamic State. The report says overall the Middle East is the deadliest region for journalists. For the first time in several years, members of the media were also killed in Ukraine, Turkey, Myanmar and Paraguay. Three journalists were killed by villagers while covering the Ebola outbreak in Guinea. The report says violence against journalists in Egypt, Pakistan and the Philistines is endemic. To CPJ's Simon says the overwhelming majority of journalists at risk are local people. SIMON: The reality is that it is local journalists working in their own countries who are most at risk. And it is also local journalists working in their own countries who are often responsible for bringing the news to a global audience. NORTHAM: And the report says that an unusually high proportion of those killed, roughly 25 percent, were foreign correspondents - about double the amount the CPJ has recorded in the past. Jackie Northam, NPR News, Washington.

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Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: An NFL Cheerleader Brings Her Firing Over An Instagram Photo To The EEOC

Bailey Davis was a Saintsation — a cheerleader for the New Orleans Saints. That is, until she posted a photo of herself in a one-piece lace bodysuit on her private Instagram account.  The Saints fired the 22-year-old this January for violating a code of conduct that prohibits cheerleaders from appearing nude, seminude or in lingerie. It wasn't the only strict rule that Davis and her former colleagues had to follow — cheerleaders for the Saints can't have players follow them on social media, must have private social media accounts and are required to leave parties or restaurants if players are there. The company says the rules are in place to prevent cheerleaders from being preyed on by players. Davis, a native of Ellisville, Miss., had dreamed of become a Saintsation: Her mother worked as the cheerleading squad's choreographer for nearly 18 years. She resigned after her daughter's firing.  Davis filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which enforces civil rights laws relating to workplace discrimination, against both the NFL and the Saints. She spoke to NPR's Lulu Garcia-Navarro about why she became a cheerleader, how she has to recognize thousands of different NFL and MLB players and the reaction her suit has gotten. This interview has been lightly edited for clarity.  Interview Highlights On what the firing represents to her The players have the freedom to post whatever they want to on social media. They can promote themselves, but we can't post anything on our social media about being a Saintsation. We can't have it in our profile picture, we can't use our last name for media, we can't promote ourselves, but the players don't have the same restrictions.  On sexism versus different rules for different employees The football players have a different job than us, and I completely understand that. But as far as being in the same place as a player, and me being the one who has to be careful about where I'm at, and watch out for them, that's so discriminating. ... If I post something, and I'm in a swimsuit or in a body suit, it's seen as something sexual, but the players can post shirtless in their underwear and it's just seen as athletic. ... If I'm [at a place before a player] first, I would still have to leave. And that's not just Saints players, it's any NFL team, or NBA. So anybody from the Pelicans could walk in, and I would have to leave, or I'd be fired.  On why she became a cheerleader I kind of wanted to be a Saintsation as a stepping stone into my dance career, because I knew there was a four-year cap on it. But by my third year, and I knew I had to start looking for another job in the dance world, I wanted to start promoting myself more [on social media] and there was no rule that I couldn't have my [social media] pages public, for people to find me. When they said, "Well, you need to make your page private so these players can't find you," that's when I realized, OK, [it'll be] harder for people to find me and for me to find another job as a dancer, because social media is how we market ourselves nowadays.  On the reaction her suit has gotten My fellow teammates have not been supportive to me. I've been told that I'm putting the team in a negative light, and a lot of the girls have been posting stuff on social media, saying that, you know, the organization is great and offers so many opportunities — which is true, and I mean, I [felt] the same way when I was in the organization. We're told so many times, "There's a hundred other girls that would do your job for free." You're just taught to keep your mouth shut or they'd replace you. So I think when you're in the organization, you don't realize that there's nothing OK about this.

Good morning, here are our early stories: As Midwest Slides And Shovels, Mid-Atlantic Prepares For 'Snowquester'. At The Vatican, 'No Rush' To Set Conclave; And Fake Bishop Tries To Get In. And here are more early headlines: Senate Panel Expected To Vote On Brennan's CIA Nomination. (Politico) North Korea Warns It May Cancel Truce With South Korea. (VOA) Malaysia Uses Jets To Hunt Filipino Insurgents. (Reuters) Suspect Questioned In Acid Attack On Bolshoi Ballet Artistic Director. (Los Angeles Times) 12 Charged With Manslaughter In FAMU Drum Major Death. (Miami Herald) In Messy Lawsuit, Martha Stewart To Testify On Who Can Sell Her Products. (AP) Justin Bieber Tweets Regrets, Fans Still Enraged After He Took Stage 2 Hours Late. (MTV)


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

From one of Ted's recommended recordings, John Eliot Gardiner conducts the Monteverdi Choir and the English Baroque Soloists in the final portion of "Autumn" from Haydn's "Seasons." (Archiv 431 818-2)

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Question: Remembering Sgt. William Allers

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Melody Simmons of member station WYPR has a remembrance of fallen soldier, Army Staff Sgt. William Allers III, of Fallston, Md. Allers was killed last month in Iraq and leaves behind a wife, who is pregnant, and an eight-year-old son.

In 2003, philanthropist Joan Kroc left the largest bequest in public radio history to NPR, marking a transformational moment for the network. To honor her enduring generosity, NPR created the Joan B. Kroc Legacy Society to celebrate enthusiastic supporters who make their mark on the future of public media by establishing charitable annuities, life income agreements, bequest intentions or other planned gifts to benefit NPR.  We are incredibly grateful to all members of the Joan B. Kroc Legacy Society, without whom we could not continue our important work.  A  George R. Aceves Revocable Trust  Kaira J. Adam  David and Judith Preves Anderson  The Estate of Katherine B. Anderson  Ms. Katherine Milner Anderson  Estate of Paul T. Arnoldy  Ora Avni  B Robert J. and Nancy Baglan  Estate of C. Annette Bailey  Stephanie Barko  Carole Wolff Barnes  Caron Barrett Charitable Remainder Unitrust Thomas B. Brener Pamela Bergmann and John Duffy  Estate of Barbara Evelyn Betts  Dr. Denise D. 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Question: Heart And Head Can Agree On Mediterranean Diet

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The Mediterranean diet may be as good for your head as it is for your heart. Researchers at Columbia University found that the number of strokes was lower in a group of older New Yorkers when they ate the diet, which is high in fish, grains, nuts, fruits and vegetables. It even includes a glass of red wine. What it doesn't have much of is red meat, dairy products, poultry and processed foods. Read More >> Researchers collected information about the diets of more than 700 people over 65. After six years, the volunteers got a brain scan using an MRI. The scan revealed at least one area of brain damage in 238 of these people, signaling a small stroke. Some people had more extensive damage, but none of the strokes were considered massive or debilitating. Still, the MRI showed enough brain damage to subtly interfere with a person's quick thinking, movement and balance, according to Columbia neurologist Nikolaos Scarmeas. And small strokes put a person at risk for more and bigger strokes. Scarmeas says the people who ate diets which most closely resembled the Mediterranean diet were 36 percent less likely to experience small strokes. The results will be presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in April. How come? Scarmeas doesn't know for sure, but speculates that the diet somehow protects blood vessels by reducing plaque and clotting. Which would make sense, because cardiologists have long known that the Mediterranean diet is heart-healthy. Studies have shown it lowers bad cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing good cholesterol and the body's ability to process sugar. "If you put all those things together, those are all favorable," says cardiologist Elizabeth Klodas of the American College of Cardiology. Nobody's certain what part of the diet is most useful. Klodas says it could be the high fiber in the fruits and vegetables. Whatever the source, people who stick to the Mediterranean diet tend to have healthy weights. And the diet-brain connection is made stronger by another study Scarmeas did, showing that people who ate the diet are 40 percent less likely to have Alzheimer's disease. Scarmeas cautions, though, that before firm conclusions can be drawn, more research is needed. The accuracy of studies like this one, which relied on people's recollection of what they ate, suffer from the inability of people to remember well, even under the best of circumstances.

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Stories: 1) Venturing Inside Bellevue's Psychiatric ER 2) Capitalism's Paradoxes, Writ Personal On Film