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What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

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Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

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The unanticipated strong showing of John Edwards in the Wisconsin primary has given new life to the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination.  Okay, so he may have lost the state by 40,000 votes, and he may still be only one-for-17.  But in a race that seemed to be heading in an utterly predictable direction, it was a reminder that maybe -- just maybe -- there's some life to this contest yet. Still, the odds are not exactly stacked in Edwards' favor.  History, as well as the compressed calendar, argues against his dislodging John Kerry.    And while the purpose here is not to write anyone's political obituary just yet, the plain fact is that if Edwards doesn't do especially well on Super Tuesday, March 2 -- when 10 states' delegates are up for grabs -- there will be the inevitable questions of how long will he (or can he) stay in the race. These will not be insignificant questions.  John Edwards has bet the house on this race -- or should I say the Senate (he is giving up his Senate seat in his quest).  But if he falls short of the presidential nomination, then how long he stays in the race could make a difference.  For if he is eyeing the number two slot on a Kerry ticket, as many people think (see my colleague Ron Elving's Feb. 16 column on this topic), he knows that how long he yaps at Kerry's heels could affect his chances. As Edwards weighs his options, and his timing, it might be instructive to look at the decision-making process of some candidates from the past. Of course, it's pretty rare for rivals for the nomination to wind up on the same ticket.  The last time it happened was in 1980, with Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.  Bush had upset Reagan in the Iowa caucuses that year, but was never able to capitalize on it.  Reagan beat him in New Hampshire, and in the South, and was clearly headed for the nomination.  Bush managed some wins -- such as in Connecticut and Pennsylvania -- but the pressure on him to withdraw was intense.  Ironically, Bush ended his candidacy just days after he won his most impressive primary win of the year -- a nearly 2-1 victory over Reagan in Michigan in late May.  But by then the numbers showed Reagan impossible to stop.  So Bush announced that he would no longer compete for delegates and would go to the national convention that summer and urge his delegates to back Reagan.  While Bush did give Reagan some fits during his bid for the nomination -- who could forget the "voodoo economics" charge? -- it never got ugly or personal, and Bush ended his bid with grace and before any real damage was done.  A few months later, Bush was the surprise choice as Reagan's running mate. A different scenario was taking place on the Democratic side that year.  Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts launched a bid to deny President Jimmy Carter his party's nomination.  Kennedy was thought to have a fair shot at accomplishing the feat, but once 51 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran, party voters rallied behind the president.  Like Bush, Kennedy did manage to win a few key contests along the way, like New York and Pennsylvania.  But Carter had an overwhelming lead in delegates.  On the last day of the primary season, Kennedy beat Carter in five of the eight states up for grabs, including California and New Jersey.  But Carter won Ohio, and by doing so clinched for all intents and purposes the nomination.  Kennedy could have withdrawn his candidacy on that day in early June, but did not.  He fought all the way to the convention.  The Democratic Party platform had so many concessions to the Kennedy camp that Carter himself was lukewarm about it.  And though Carter won renomination with little trouble, it was hardly the kind of send-off he hoped for. On stage with the president and Vice President Mondale at Madison Square Garden on that final day, Kennedy was stiff and aloof, showing no warmth for the man who would be leading his party in the general election.  He had his say -- with a memorable "The Dream Shall Never Die" speech -- and bowed out of the race.  But he withdrew much later than the Carter camp would have liked, with none of the graciousness that George Bush showed months prior.  And it was a dispirited Democratic Party that went down to defeat in November. Kennedy, of course, was not angling for a spot on the ticket that year, and his dislike for Carter was so strong that it may not have mattered to him what effect he had on party unity.  John Edwards' battle against John Kerry does not carry -- at least not at this point -- that personal animus.  Another difference between then and now is that in 1980, the battle for the nomination went on through June.  Now, with the front-loading of the primaries and caucuses, 75 percent of the delegates will be chosen by early March.  The quest for unity can be realized well before the convention opens. By the way, the last time a Democratic convention chose a ticket comprised of two who battled eac

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Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: For Students Accused Of Campus Rape, Legal Victories Win Back Rights

College students can't miss the warnings these days about the risk of campus sexual assault, but increasingly, some students are also taking note of what they perceive as a different danger. "Once you are accused, you're guilty," says Parker Oaks, one of several Boston University students stopped by NPR between classes. "We're living in a society where you're guilty before innocent now." Xavier Adsera, another BU student, sounds a similar theme. "We used to not be fair to women on this issue," he says. "Now we're on the other extreme, not being fair to guys." As colleges crack down on sexual assault, some students complain that the schools are going too far and trampling the rights of the accused in the process. In recent months, courts around the nation have offered some of those students significant victories, slamming schools for systems that are stacked against the accused. "Schools are overcorrecting," says a student from the University of California, San Diego. "People like me are always getting hurt." The student, who was suspended last spring after a fellow student accused him of sexual assault, asked to remain anonymous to protect his reputation. He says he was shocked by the accusation and denies any nonconsensual contact. He and his accuser had been hanging out, texting, partying and studying together on friendly terms for months after the alleged assault, he says. And he says he still has text messages to prove it, including her messages asking to come over to his place and share drinks, or "pre-game," together before a party. But he says he never had a chance to make his case because the school wouldn't let him introduce his text messages as evidence, challenge the investigator or effectively cross-examine his accuser. "I was so angry because that was really my sole opportunity to defend myself," he says. So he took his case to court, filing as John Doe, and won what's being called a landmark ruling against UC-San Diego. The judge said the school's process was unfairly skewed against Doe and ordered the school to reinstate him. "While the Court respects the university's determination to address sexual abuse and violence on its campus," wrote Superior Court Judge Joel M. Pressman, "the hearing against petitioner was unfair." "I was ecstatic at that point," Doe says. "It kind of took some b**** for a judge to come out and make the decision that they made, because every single point that we raised about unfairness and lack of evidence, the judge agreed with." "A case like this makes for a really easy lesson to say, 'This is what not to do,' " says Western New England University law school professor Erin Buzuvis, who blogs about sexual assault and also consults to universities on how to handle allegations. The San Diego ruling is one of a recent flurry of decisions slamming schools for systems stacked against accused students.  In the past few months, Middlebury College and the University of Southern California were both ordered to reinstate expelled students. So was the University of Tennessee, Chattanooga after a judge ruled the school was basically upending a fundamental principle of justice by making an accused perpetrator prove he wasn't guilty. "I've looked at what a university has done and thought, 'Oh, gosh, what are you thinking?' " Buzuvis says. Some 50 challenges lodged by accused students are now in the pipeline; that's up from about a dozen just two years ago. Even one of the more brazen lawsuits, which claims a kind of reverse discrimination in federal court, recently logged a rare (albeit preliminary) legal victory. The case, against Washington and Lee University, argues that overzealous administrators, who are using Title IX to crack down on gender discrimination and sexual assault, are actually violating the federal law at the same time by systematically discriminating against men. Most such cases filed in federal court have failed to get out of the box, but a judge allowed the claim against Washington and Lee to at least survive a first hurdle. At the same time, the public conversation around campus sexual assault is beginning to put more focus on due process for accused students, and many campuses have been adding new protections for accused students — like the right to an attorney. Joe Cohn, who's been advocating for the rights of the accused with the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, says he's heartened that two new bills on campus sexual assault include robust due-process protections. (The bills are the Fair Campus Act and the Safe Campus Act.) He says he also sees it as a victory that he — as an advocate for the accused — was invited to testify at a recent congressional hearing. But once there, he says, he was struck by how much more the pendulum has yet to swing. At the hearing, Democratic Rep. Jared Polis of Colorado wondered aloud why campuses don't decide cases using a lower standard of evidence. "I mean, if 10 people are accused and under reasonable likeliho

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.


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Question: Separation of Church and State

A ruling from the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has declared the 'under God' part of the Pledge of Allegiance as unconstitutional. In another ruling, the Supreme Court said parents in Cleveland who have children in troubled public schools and want to place them in private schools as a way of improving their educational options may use vouchers. Karen Grigsby Bates speaks with Jay Sekulow, chief counsel for the American Center for Law and Justice and Elliott Minchberg, co-counsel in the Cleveland voucher case and vice president of the People for the American Way Foundation.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Health insurance in America is complicated and is a challenge for the business of health care and is also a political football. This week, moderator Terry Phillips leads a discussion about the current state of health care with guests who are truly experts. Dr. Varoujan Altebarmakian, MD is Physician-in-Chief at Kaiser Permanente in Fresno; Tom Epstein is Vice President of Public Affairs for Blue Shield of California; Mark Keppler is the Executive Director of the Maddy Institute at CSU Fresno.']>>  to <<['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Show #41 air date  October 16, 2007']>>


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

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Question: Supreme Court To Hear Chicago Gun Rights Case

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The U.S. Supreme Court steps back onto the firing range, so to speak, as it takes up the controversial question of gun rights Tuesday. At issue is whether the Second Amendment right to bear arms puts constitutional limits on state and local laws as well as federal laws. For the first 100 years of America's history, the Bill of Rights — protecting rights of free speech and religion, among others — limited only what the federal government could do. The states had a much freer hand to act as they wished.  That changed with the Civil War. Amendments enacted afterward make it clear that the federal government is dominant. By the early 1900s, the Supreme Court had begun to apply the guarantees in the Bill of Rights to the states, but it did so selectively and still has not applied all of those rights. The court, for example, decided that the right to a civil jury trial is only a federal right, not a right the states must honor. Two years ago, for the first time, the court ruled that the Second Amendment right to bear arms is an individual right, and not, as the court had long implied, a right guaranteed for military purposes. The 2008 decision invalidated a ban on handguns in the District of Columbia, but because the nation's capital is a federal enclave, the ruling applied only to federal laws.  Now the court is hearing a challenge to a similar handgun ban in Chicago. And the question is whether the Second Amendment also applies to state and local laws.  Hoping To Prevent Break-Ins The case was brought by Otis McDonald, a retired maintenance engineer, who grew up on a farm in Louisiana shooting rabbits and squirrels. McDonald says he now wants a handgun to fend off youngsters in his Chicago neighborhood, where he says his home has been broken into three times.  "Old people like myself, if we don't have some kind of deterrent in our homes, youngsters are going to take anything they want to," McDonald said.  Gun rights advocates contend that the Chicago handgun ban is unconstitutional, that the Supreme Court already has held that the right to bear arms is an individual and fundamental right, and that the Second Amendment limits apply to every jurisdiction in the nation.  Former Bush administration Solicitor General Paul Clement will make that argument Tuesday on behalf of the National Rifle Association.  "Given that Chicago probably is pretty similarly situated to the District of Columbia, should there be radically different constitutional law regimes in those two places?" Clement asked.  "The question," he said, "is whether Chicago is going to be completely unlimited by the federal Constitution." City Sees A Risk; Man Sees A Right Chicago Mayor Richard Daley's response is that the federal government is not responsible for the health and safety of the citizens of Chicago; the city is. And he notes that Congress is not exactly eager to allow guns onto its property.  "So why is it you can't even go see a congressman with a gun?" he asked. "Why can't you carry a gun into a federal building?"  We have a society of laws, the mayor said. "We don't have a society by guns. If you want to make a society by guns, then you arm everyone, and you do away with the police, and ... you have chaos." But McDonald's attorney, Alan Gura, counters that the Constitution protects individual rights, and that the right to bear arms is analogous to other rights the Supreme Court has applied to the states — like the freedom to speak, to worship, and the right to personal autonomy and security. "If you can buy contraceptives and that's your way of extending your personal security," Gura said, "then one must assume that the right to buy a handgun for defense purposes is also going to be secured as an aspect of liberty." Chicago's attorneys say the city allows individuals to have long guns in their homes, but not handguns because they are easily stolen and used by criminals, or fired accidentally (sometimes even by children) or on purpose in domestic violence situations. The city notes that 87 percent of violent crimes are committed with handguns, and it argues that especially in densely populated areas, handguns are far more of a danger than a defense.  McDonald concedes he could legally have a shotgun at home, and that he knows how to use one — but, he says, it's inconvenient. "Why should I have to be inconvenienced because of laws that are here to protect me?" he asked. Gura adds that the right to bear arms is, like other constitutional rights, not a matter of dealer's choice. The right to worship, he says, doesn't mean that you have "to choose from a select menu that's offered to you by the government. And likewise, with arms, if you have an arm, which is the kind that people would want to have for self-defense, then that arm cannot be banned entirely." Self Defense As A Right Representing Chicago, lawyer Jim Feldman will tell the Supreme Court that there is no absolute right of self-defense.  "If there were a free-floating right of self-d


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Question: The Revolution Will Not Be Televised

I'm ready to make my first call of the evening: The 2006 election was won by YouTube.   Just as blogs transformed the political discussion in 2004, the video-sharing service has changed the rules of the game.  But not necessarily for the better.   YouTube magnified every blunder and misstep by politicians, from the macaca brouhaha to the botched comedy stylings of John Kerry. What?  Your own local races not dirty enough for you?  YouTube allows you to wallow in the worst ads of the year, filled with race-baiting, sexual deviancy, and Rush Limbaugh mocking a beloved TV and movie icon who has Parkinson's.      Good times.  But not exactly confidence-inspiring. Blogs, it seems to me, at least make candidates more accountable and force them to respond to specific issues.  This video site brings out the voyeur in us all, playing gotcha from the comfort of home.   The only lesson a politician gets from YouTube is don't screw up in public, or more importantly, when you see a video camera, RUN!

Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: Is Believing In God Evolutionarily Advantageous?

Jesse Bering's mother died of cancer on a Sunday, in her own bed, at 9 o'clock at night. Bering and his siblings closed her door and went downstairs, hoping they might somehow get some sleep. It was a long, hard night, but around 7 a.m., something happened: The wind chimes outside his mother's window started to chime. Bering remembers waking to the tinkle of these bells, a small but distinct sound in an otherwise silent house. And he remembers thinking that those bells carried a very specific message. "It seemed to me ... that she was somehow telling us that she had made it to the other side. You know, cleared customs in heaven," Bering says. The thought surprised him. Bering was a confirmed atheist. He did not believe in any kind of supernatural anything. He prided himself on being a scientist, a psychologist who believed only in the measurable material world. But, he says, he simply couldn't help himself. "My mind went there. It leapt there," Bering says. "And from a psychological perspective, this was really interesting to me. Because I didn't believe it on the one hand, but on the other hand I experienced it." Why is it, Bering wondered, that even a determined skeptic could not stop himself from perceiving the supernatural?  It really bothered him. It was a very good question, he decided, to take up in his lab. God, Through The Lens Of Evolution For decades, the intellectual descendants of Darwin have pored over ancient bones and bits of fossils, trying to piece together how fish evolved into man, theorizing about the evolutionary advantage conferred by each physical change. And over the past 10 years, a small group of academics have begun to look at religion in the same way: they've started to look at God and the supernatural through the lens of evolution. In the history of the world, every culture in every location at every point in time has developed some supernatural belief system. And when a human behavior is so universal, scientists often argue that it must be an evolutionary adaptation along the lines of standing upright. That is, something so helpful that the people who had it thrived, and the people who didn't slowly died out until we were all left with the trait. But what could be the evolutionary advantage of believing in God? Bering is one of the academics who are trying to figure that out. In the years since his mother's death, Bering has done experiments in his lab at Queens University, Belfast, in an attempt to understand how belief in the supernatural might have conferred some advantage and made us into the species we are today. In one experiment, children between the ages of 5 and 9 were shown to a room and told to throw a Velcro ball at a Velcro dartboard. They were told that if they were able to hit the bull's-eye, they'd get a special prize. But this particular game had an unusual set of rules: The children were told that they had to throw from behind, they weren't allowed to throw the ball while facing the dartboard, and they had to use their nondominant hand -- rules that basically made it impossible for any of the children to win the game unless they cheated. The children in the study were divided into three groups. The first group was left alone and told to play the game as best they could. The second were told the same, with one difference -- the children in the second group were told that there was someone special who was going to watch them. The experimenters showed the kids a picture of a very pretty woman -- a character that Bering had made up whose name was Princess Alice. Princess Alice, the kids were told, had a magical power: Alice could make herself invisible. Then the children were shown a chair and were told that Alice was sitting in the chair and that Alice would watch them play the game after the researcher left. The third group of kids was told to play the game, but the researcher sat with them and simply never left the room at all. The question that Bering sought to answer was this: Which group of children was least likely to cheat? The children in the first group -- the completely unsupervised kids -- by far cheated the most. But what was surprising was the behavior of the second group. The children who were under the impression that Princess Alice was in the room with them were just as likely to refrain from cheating as those children who were actually in the room with a physical real-life human being. A similar study Bering did with adults showed the same thing -- that they were dramatically less likely to cheat when they thought they were being observed by a supernatural presence. A Change In Behavior Bering has a credo, a truth he says he's learned after years of studying this stuff. "I've always said that I don't believe in God, but I don't really believe in atheists either," Bering says. "Everybody experiences the illusion that God -- or some type of supernatural agent -- is watching them or is concerned about what they do in their sort of private everyday

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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Question: Weapons of Mass Destruction

Over the weekend, a defensive President Bush cited the discovery of what may be two mobile bio-weapons labs in answer to the question that's beginning to haunt his administration: Where are Iraq's weapons of mass destruction? Join host Neal Conan and guests for a discussion.

 Guests:

 NPR'S Tom Gjelten
 *NPR News national security correspondent

 Marvin Ott
 *Professor of National Security Policy at the National War College

 Sen. Christopher "Kit" Bond
 *Republican from Missouri

 Amy Smithson
 *Senior associate with the Henry L. Stimson Center

 Rep. Jane Harman
 *Democrat from California's  36th District

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Weapons of Mass Destruction

Guest:

JOSEPH CIRINCIONE
*Author, Deadly Arsenels
*Director, Non-Proliferation Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace


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Question: Weapons of Mass Destruction

Will the United States find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq?  If not, how will it impact President Bush's image at home and abroad?  NPR's Tavis Smiley discusses those questions with Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Norman Lockman, a syndicated columnist for the Gannett News Service and the associate editor of the Wilmington, Del., News Journal. Smiley also talks with Pulitzer-prize winning journalist Jonathan Capehart, the deputy editorial page editor of the New York Daily News.


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Question: Weapons of Mass Destruction

Host Bob Edwards talks with Joe Cirincione about his new book Deadly Arsenals: Tracking Weapons of Mass Destruction (publisher: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.)


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Question: Separation of Church and State

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Weapons of Mass Destruction

The failure of the administration to find the weapons of mass destruction it accused Iraq of having is prompting increased calls for a look at the information that was used to justify the war. NPR's Tavis Smiley talks with Loren Thompson, chief operating officer for the Lexington Institute, and Phyllis Bennis, a senior fellow with the Institute for Policy Studies. They will discuss the search for weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.

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Question: Weapons of Mass Destruction

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Host Joe Palca talks with Dana Priest of The Washington Post about the congressional hearings this past week on U.S. intelligence regarding Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. Priest says the hearings are more than routine oversight by the House and Senate intelligence committees. At the same time, because of popular support for the President Bush's policy on Iraq, there is limited political pressure on the Democrats to aggressively investigate whether the administration exaggerated the Iraqi weapons threat.


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Question: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Doctors expected to see high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in the months following the September 11th attacks. But a new study shows that while stress disorders have risen for those living in the New York City area, national levels haven't changed much. NPR's Joseph Shapiro reports.


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Question: Monica Puig Makes Olympic History, Winning Puerto Rico's First Gold Medal

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Puerto Rico now has its first Olympic gold medal, courtesy of tennis star Monica Puig, who beat Germany's Angelique Kerber in the women's singles tournament at Rio's Summer Olympics on Saturday. "I"m speechless," a smiling Puig said after her historic win. "I wanted it so bad." "I never imagined in my wildest dreams that this would happen," Puig added — and she said her experience in Rio de Janeiro has been like a dream. She's looking forward, she said, to waking up Sunday morning and seeing her gold medal sitting on her bedside table. As for her plans after the Olympics, Puig said, "I know my life is going to change a bit." But she said some things won't because, she added, "I love what I do." Puig won in front of an enthusiastic crowd at the Olympic Tennis Center, with her more dramatic points leading fans to shout "Si se puede" and wave the flag of Puerto Rico. More than once, the chair umpire went from requesting silence to simply shushing the audience. Puerto Rico has been sending athletes to the Olympics since 1948; before Saturday, Team Puerto Rico had amassed eight Olympic medals — none of them gold. Facing an opponent who hadn't been taken to three sets before Saturday's final, Puig ensured Kerber would have to play three to win by seizing the first set, 6-4. Kerber responded by taking the second, also by 6-4. In the decisive third set, Puig served to open the first game and won a series of quick points. She managed to break Kerber's serve in the next game, with the players trading hits from the baseline. In short order, Puig was up, 3-0. But after the break, Kerber regrouped and seemed poised to hold serve, lashing the court with long, angled shots. But Puig put her on her heels and took the fourth game, as well. She went on to win the fifth, but Kerber held serve to force a seventh game in the last set, at 5-1. The long rallies were likely part of the reason that after the match, Puig said of Kerber, "She's such a great fighter." Puig added that she had to play some inspired tennis to beat her. Perhaps the enormity of the moment finally reached Puig's nerves in that seventh game: Serving, she fell behind love-40 before steeling herself and hitting winners again. But that seventh game was, as they do not say in Brazil, a doozy. Kerber was leading 40-30 and missed a chance to break Puig's serve and make it 5-2, in a point that saw Puig dig out several tough shots as Kerber sought to put the game away. It seemed Kerber would do just that after Puig returned a ball high to the middle of the court, but Kerber's attempt to slam the ball instead zipped it into the net. For minutes afterward, the score flipped from 40-40 to an advantage for one player or the other — but neither could put the game away. Both dumped shots into the net; Puig double-faulted at 40-40 to give Kerber an edge — but she recovered well, and, after slamming powerful forehands across the net, she erased Kerber's advantage with a soft lob that Kerber couldn't reach. Another long exchange followed, as the two players moved each other around the court, and Puig eventually forced Kerber into a bad shot. Celebrating the win, Puig tossed her racket into the air, wearing a look of someone who's found unexpected joy. That final game was the highlight of a match that had several rousing exchanges, with the left-handed Kerber slugging it out from the baseline with the right-handed Puig. Those exchanges whipped the crowd in Rio into a frenzy of applause and appreciation. The crowd included the president of Puerto Rico's Olympic Committee, Sara Rosario Velez. After the match, Velez was surrounded by a happy group that chanted "Puerto Rico! Puerto Rico!" and celebrated with Puig. When we asked Velez for a comment, she said simply, "This is a great day for all the Puerto Ricans — that live in Puerto Rico and around the world!"

It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: Gawker.com Shutting Down, Associated Sites Being Sold To Univision

Gawker.com, the flagship site of Gawker Media, will be shutting down operations next week, as the other sites in the company are in the process of being sold to Univision. "Nick Denton, the company's outgoing CEO, informed current staffers of the site's fate on Thursday afternoon, just hours before a bankruptcy court in Manhattan will decide whether to approve Univision's bid for Gawker Media's other assets," J.K. Trotter writes in the most recent post on Gawker. "Staffers will soon be assigned to other editorial roles, either at one of the other six sites or elsewhere within Univision." Gawker Media's six other sites are Deadspin, Gizmodo, Jalopnik, Jezebel, Kotaku and Lifehacker. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in June after a judge ordered it to pay $140 million for violating Hulk Hogan's privacy by publishing a sex video. Silicon Valley billionaire Peter Thiel bankrolled Hogan's lawsuit; now-defunct Gawker site Valleywag outed Thiel in 2007. As NPR's Laura Sydell reported in May, Thiel is "a study in contradictions."  "Though Thiel is gay, he donated money to Ted Cruz's presidential campaign, even though Cruz opposes gay marriage. And he will be a delegate for Trump at the Republican National Convention. And despite his quest to shut down Gawker, he has donated a million dollars to the Committee to Protect Journalists."  During the legal proceedings, Denton told NPR's David Folkenflik that the court case could have a chilling effect:  "It's harder now for journalists to do stories about billionaires, like Peter Thiel, without having at the back of their minds the fear that maybe somebody deep-pocketed ... is going to come after us and can my organization afford to defend me?"  After the case ended with a decision in Hogan's favor, Gawker Media claimed between $50 million and $100 million in assets, and between $100 million and $500 million in liabilities, as we've reported. Univision placed the winning bid for Gawker's assets and subsidiaries; the deal still needs to be approved by a bankruptcy judge. The sale to Univision, if approved, would give the company websites that "are aimed at millennial readers," NPR's Nate Rott notes. "The primarily Spanish-language media giant has recently bought shares in the satirical news site The Onion and the African-American-oriented site The Root," he reports.

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It's Friday, and we're following these stories: Real-Life Horror: Many Killed, Dozens Wounded At Colorado Movie Theater. Syrian Intelligence Official Dies From Damascus Bombing; 4th Assad Aide To Perish. (Reuters) Syria Denies Russian Envoy's Statement That Assad Ready To Step Down. (RiaNovosti) European Finance Ministers Prepared To Offer Spain Bailout Loan. (Irish Times) Russian Police Arrest 4 In Murders Of Russian Muslim Leaders. (BBC) Non-Muslims In Saudi Arabia Must Observe Ramadan Fasting Traditions, Or Leave. (AP) South Korea Increases Readiness After North Korea Shakes Up Military Leadership. (VOA) Viacom, DirecTV Settle Fee Dispute; 17 Darkened Channels Will Be Restored. (CNET) Racial Profiling Case Against Arizona Sheriff Opens In Federal Court. (Los Angeles Times) Australia Reviews Travel Policies After Male Olympic Basketball Players Fly In Business Class While Women Take Economy. (Sydney Morning Herald)


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Question: Calculating Mutual Fund Returns

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As investors' 2007 mutual fund statements start rolling in, the hard work of calculating portfolio returns begins. The biggest mistake people make is not keeping a handle on how well their portfolio is performing. Jonathan Clements, personal finance columnist for The Wall Street Journal, discusses how to calculate what your returns were, and how to invest in 2008. Clements speaks with Renee Montagne. RENEE MONTAGNE, host:   Now is about the time your mutual fund statements begin rolling in, telling you how much you've made or lost in 2007. Calculating how much your investments have made is critical to making smart investing decisions, but it's a lot harder than it would seem.  Joining us, as he often does on MORNING EDITION, to talk about this is Jonathan Clements. He is the personal finance columnist for The Wall Street Journal.   Good morning.  Mr. JONATHAN CLEMENTS (The Wall Street Journal): Good morning, Renee. It's great to be with you.  MONTAGNE: Don't most brokers or mutual fund show how much investors have made on their total investments?  Mr. CLEMENTS: Generally, when you get that end-of-year portfolio statement, all it's going to tell you is, you know, how much you had at the end of the year, probably it will tell you how much you added or withdrew at various points during the course of the year, and it might tell you the beginning of the year balance. In terms of the actual total portfolio return, that's a relatively complicated number for individuals to calculate on their own, which is why you'd like the mutual fund companies and the brokerage firms be doing that calculation for you. Very few brokerage firms and mutual fund companies give that information to investors.  MONTAGNE: Why don't brokers put that rather simple for them to calculate number right there on the front?  Mr. CLEMENTS: Well, a few of them do, but most don't. And the reason is obvious. I mean, if people really knew how their portfolio is performing, they would start to ask awkward questions about how much they're paying in investment costs and about how competent their money managers really are.  MONTAGNE: But how can someone who's listening to us right now and thinks I want to calculate my portfolio's return, how can that person do it?  Mr. CLEMENTS: What you want to do is take that beginning-of-year portfolio value and the end-of-the-year portfolio value but make some adjustments to that end-of-the-year number. Add back any money that you withdrew during the course of the year, or conversely you want to subtract the new savings that you made during 2007. If you do that and then you compare the beginning-of-the-year and end-of-year portfolio values, you'll have a rough idea of how your portfolio has done in 2007. You can then go and look at how some of the broad market indexes have performed and say, hey, did I keep up or maybe I haven't done so well. What you want to be concerned about is if you do that calculation and you discover that you've lost money in 2007, there's a lesson there.  MONTAGNE: What's the biggest mistake people make?  Mr. CLEMENTS: Well, unfortunately, when it comes to managing money, Renee, most of us are pretty much delusional. You know, we boast about our winners and we conveniently forget about our losers. You know, we scratch them from our mental calculations. But if you do all of that, you won't have a good handle on how good a job you or your financial advisers are doing of picking investments. So yeah, you really want to know what your portfolio performance number is.  MONTAGNE: Well, if you - if your investments are lagging, what do you do?  Mr. CLEMENTS: Well, you've got a couple of different options. I mean, you could go out and buy market tracking index funds. That will give you the market's return guaranteed every year. You could turn over your money to, let's say, a (unintelligible) financial planner and gets some good investment advice. Or alternatively you could go to one of the major mutual fund companies. They all offer these target-date retirement funds, which offer you sort of fixed investment mixes in a single mutual fund. You buy one of these target-date retirement funds, you put all your money into it, and then you go off and do something better with your life.  MONTAGNE: Jonathan Clements is the personal finance columnist for The Wall Street Journal.   Thanks for joining us.    Mr. CLEMENTS: It's my pleasure, Renee.

Stories: 1) Lowering Medical Costs By Providing Better Care 2) Sargent Shriver: A Man Of Public Service


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Question: Separation of Church and State

A ruling from the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has declared the 'under God' part of the Pledge of Allegiance as unconstitutional. In another ruling, the Supreme Court said parents in Cleveland who have children in troubled public schools and want to place them in private schools as a way of improving their educational options may use vouchers. Karen Grigsby Bates speaks with Jay Sekulow, chief counsel for the American Center for Law and Justice and Elliott Minchberg, co-counsel in the Cleveland voucher case and vice president of the People for the American Way Foundation.


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Question: Olympic Opening Ceremonies

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NPR's Julie McCarthy reports on the opening ceremonies of the Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.

The American Patient, Tuesday Night RAW and Five Dollar Footlong Twinkies.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

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Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

The unanticipated strong showing of John Edwards in the Wisconsin primary has given new life to the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination.  Okay, so he may have lost the state by 40,000 votes, and he may still be only one-for-17.  But in a race that seemed to be heading in an utterly predictable direction, it was a reminder that maybe -- just maybe -- there's some life to this contest yet. Still, the odds are not exactly stacked in Edwards' favor.  History, as well as the compressed calendar, argues against his dislodging John Kerry.    And while the purpose here is not to write anyone's political obituary just yet, the plain fact is that if Edwards doesn't do especially well on Super Tuesday, March 2 -- when 10 states' delegates are up for grabs -- there will be the inevitable questions of how long will he (or can he) stay in the race. These will not be insignificant questions.  John Edwards has bet the house on this race -- or should I say the Senate (he is giving up his Senate seat in his quest).  But if he falls short of the presidential nomination, then how long he stays in the race could make a difference.  For if he is eyeing the number two slot on a Kerry ticket, as many people think (see my colleague Ron Elving's Feb. 16 column on this topic), he knows that how long he yaps at Kerry's heels could affect his chances. As Edwards weighs his options, and his timing, it might be instructive to look at the decision-making process of some candidates from the past. Of course, it's pretty rare for rivals for the nomination to wind up on the same ticket.  The last time it happened was in 1980, with Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.  Bush had upset Reagan in the Iowa caucuses that year, but was never able to capitalize on it.  Reagan beat him in New Hampshire, and in the South, and was clearly headed for the nomination.  Bush managed some wins -- such as in Connecticut and Pennsylvania -- but the pressure on him to withdraw was intense.  Ironically, Bush ended his candidacy just days after he won his most impressive primary win of the year -- a nearly 2-1 victory over Reagan in Michigan in late May.  But by then the numbers showed Reagan impossible to stop.  So Bush announced that he would no longer compete for delegates and would go to the national convention that summer and urge his delegates to back Reagan.  While Bush did give Reagan some fits during his bid for the nomination -- who could forget the "voodoo economics" charge? -- it never got ugly or personal, and Bush ended his bid with grace and before any real damage was done.  A few months later, Bush was the surprise choice as Reagan's running mate. A different scenario was taking place on the Democratic side that year.  Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts launched a bid to deny President Jimmy Carter his party's nomination.  Kennedy was thought to have a fair shot at accomplishing the feat, but once 51 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran, party voters rallied behind the president.  Like Bush, Kennedy did manage to win a few key contests along the way, like New York and Pennsylvania.  But Carter had an overwhelming lead in delegates.  On the last day of the primary season, Kennedy beat Carter in five of the eight states up for grabs, including California and New Jersey.  But Carter won Ohio, and by doing so clinched for all intents and purposes the nomination.  Kennedy could have withdrawn his candidacy on that day in early June, but did not.  He fought all the way to the convention.  The Democratic Party platform had so many concessions to the Kennedy camp that Carter himself was lukewarm about it.  And though Carter won renomination with little trouble, it was hardly the kind of send-off he hoped for. On stage with the president and Vice President Mondale at Madison Square Garden on that final day, Kennedy was stiff and aloof, showing no warmth for the man who would be leading his party in the general election.  He had his say -- with a memorable "The Dream Shall Never Die" speech -- and bowed out of the race.  But he withdrew much later than the Carter camp would have liked, with none of the graciousness that George Bush showed months prior.  And it was a dispirited Democratic Party that went down to defeat in November. Kennedy, of course, was not angling for a spot on the ticket that year, and his dislike for Carter was so strong that it may not have mattered to him what effect he had on party unity.  John Edwards' battle against John Kerry does not carry -- at least not at this point -- that personal animus.  Another difference between then and now is that in 1980, the battle for the nomination went on through June.  Now, with the front-loading of the primaries and caucuses, 75 percent of the delegates will be chosen by early March.  The quest for unity can be realized well before the convention opens. By the way, the last time a Democratic convention chose a ticket comprised of two who battled eac

Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: Captain America: Civil War

Code Switch's Gene Demby joins Stephen Thompson and Glen Weldon for a discussion of the new Marvel blockbuster Captain America: Civil War. Then, Linda Holmes interviews Joe and Anthony Russo about directing Captain America and many beloved television comedies. Plus, what's making us happy this week.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: What Should I Do With My Life

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"['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "The Army says up to 28 U.S. soldiers may face criminal charges connected to the deaths of two prisoners at an U.S.-run prison in Afghanistan two years ago. The most serious potential charges cited include involuntary manslaughter and maiming. NPR's Jackie Northam reports."]" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Army Eyes Charges in Afghan Prison Deaths']"

Author Po Bronson has spent the last two years talking with people who have asked themselves the timeless question, "What Should I Do With My Life?"  Bronson spoke with investment bankers, lawyers, just about anyone pondering what could be a life-changing career move.  He then compiled their stories for his new book, fittingly titled "What Should I Do With My Life?"  Po Bronson introduces us to four of the people he spoke with.  (8:43)

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

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Provided: "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.\nThe initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]']" Match: "['represent', 'Health Care Financing Initiative Filed']"


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Question: What Are You Afraid Of?

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Fear of heights, fear of small spaces, fear of spiders: These phobias are relatively well-known. But some of our listeners have unusual fears — like Jupiter, basements and their own selves.

May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


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Question: Korean Store Owner On Arming Himself For Riots

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The Los Angeles riots stunned the nation in 1992, claiming more than 50 lives in that city. As the unrest approached Koreatown, store owner Kee Whan Ha mobilized his fellow business owners to arm themselves and defend their property. Host Michel Martin talks with him about the riots, and the neighborhood today.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Will Your Job Be Done By A Machine?

Machines can do some surprising things. But what you really want to know is this: Will your job be around in the future? We have the "definitive" guide. What job is hardest for a robot to do? Mental health and substance abuse social workers (found under community and social services). This job has a 0.3 percent chance of being automated. That's because it's ranked high in cleverness, negotiation, and helping others. The job most likely to be done by a robot? Telemarketers. No surprise; it's already happening. The researchers admit that these estimates are rough and likely to be wrong. But consider this a snapshot of what some smart people think the future might look like. If it says your job will likely be replaced by a machine, you've been warned.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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['', 'Nobel Prize In Medicine'] == ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Guest:

 Robert Horvitz
 *2002 Nobel Laureate in Medicine or Physiology
 *Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
 *Professor, Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

 A talk with one of this year's winners of the Nobel Prize in Medicine."] != ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology']

Question: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia

Rob McElhenney is the creator of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, as well as a writer, director and star of the show ("Mac").  Glenn Howerton plays Dennis on the show, and is also involved in writing, directing and production.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Wednesday, July 10th, 2019

We go to the U.S. southern border as new data shows apprehensions of those crossing illegally were lower in June. A judge in the Census citizenship case says the Trump administration can't change its team of lawyers. Also, why are Democrats calling for Labor Secretary Alex Acosta to resign?

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Little League World Series

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Robert Siegel talks with Douglas Montero of the New York Post, who is covering the Little League World Series in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania.

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Everything you need to know about the Tokyo Summer Games.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Supreme Court Allows Sandy Hook Families' Case Against Remington Arms To Proceed

Updated at 12:30 p.m. ET The Supreme Court has denied Remington Arms Co.'s bid to block a lawsuit filed by families of victims of the Sandy Hook school massacre. The families say Remington should be held liable, as the maker and promoter of the AR-15-style rifle used in the 2012 killings. The court opted not to hear the gun-maker's appeal, in a decision that was announced Tuesday morning. The justices did not include any comment about the case, Remington Arms Co. v. Soto, as they turned it away. Remington had appealed to the highest federal court after the Connecticut Supreme Court allowed the Sandy Hook lawsuit to proceed in March. In recent court filings, Remington says the case "presents a nationally important question" about U.S. gun laws — namely, how to interpret the 2005  Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act, which grants broad immunity to gun-makers and dealers from prosecution over crimes committed with their products. Remington manufactured the Bushmaster AR-15-style rifle that Adam Lanza used on Dec. 14, 2012, to kill 20 first-graders and six adults at the elementary school in Newtown, Conn.  The families first filed their lawsuit in December 2014, saying the Bushmaster rifle never should have been sold to the public because it is a military-style weapon. They accuse Remington of violating Connecticut's unfair trade practices law when it "knowingly marketed and promoted the Bushmaster XM15-E2S rifle for use in assaults against human beings." The closely watched lawsuit has survived many legal twists and turns, moving from state to federal court and back, and repeatedly escaping bids by Remington and gun owners' groups to quash it. While the suit initially centered on a claim of negligent entrustment — or providing a gun to someone who plans to commit a crime with it — the case now hinges on how Remington marketed the gun. The 2005 federal law that shields gun companies from liability has several exceptions — including one allowing lawsuits against a gun-maker or seller that knowingly violates state or federal laws governing how a product is sold or marketed. In March, the Connecticut Supreme Court breathed new life into the families' lawsuit when it ruled they can sue Remington for marketing a military-style weapon to civilians. That decision reversed a Connecticut superior court's ruling that would have ended the case.  Now that the U.S. Supreme Court has declined to take up Remington's appeal, the case will return to a lower court in Connecticut. One of the plaintiffs in the case is David Wheeler, whose 6-year-old son, Ben, was killed in the Sandy Hook shooting. Wheeler told NPR earlier this year that to him, the lawsuit is about responsibility. And he recalled one of Remington's ads for a gun that carried the tagline, "Consider your man card reissued." "What kind of society allows manhood to be defined in this way?" Wheeler asked. The AR-15 is a close relative of the Colt company's M16 automatic rifle used by the U.S. military. Since Colt's patents for the original AR-15 expired in the 1970s, other manufacturers have been making guns based on similar designs.  In filings with the U.S. Supreme Court, the Sandy Hook families say Remington "published promotional materials that promised 'military-proven performance' for a 'mission-adaptable' shooter in need of the 'ultimate combat weapons system.' " They also accuse the company of fostering a "lone gunman" narrative as it promoted the Bushmaster, citing an ad that proclaimed, "Forces of opposition, bow down. You are single-handedly outnumbered."  Parents who lost their children on that horrible day have said it was no accident that Lanza picked the AR-15-style rifle to carry out his shooting rampage.  In 2016, Nicole Hockley, whose son Dylan was killed in the attack on his elementary school, said the gunman chose an AR-15-style gun "because he knew it would kill as many people as possible as fast as possible."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Iran's Foreign Minister: Renegotiating Nuclear Deal Would Damage U.S. Credibility. -- Border Patrol Agent Acquitted In 2012 Fatal Shooting Of Mexican Teen. -- Prince's Family Files Wrongful Death Suit Against Hospital, Pharmacy Chain. -- Facebook Updates Community Standards, Expands Appeals Process. And here are more early headlines: Report: Confirmation Hearing To Be Delayed For V.A. Nominee. (Washington Post) Suit Filed Against New Indiana Abortion Law. (Indianapolis Business Journal) Government Seeks E-Coli Source In Contaminated Lettuce. (Washington Post) Despite Government Action, Nicaragua Protests Continue. (Los Angeles Times) New Afghanistan Attacks Leave 9 Dead. (RFE/RL) Ukrainian Agency Hit By Ransomware. (Reuters)


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What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

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Question: Separation of Church and State

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A ruling from the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has declared the 'under God' part of the Pledge of Allegiance as unconstitutional. In another ruling, the Supreme Court said parents in Cleveland who have children in troubled public schools and want to place them in private schools as a way of improving their educational options may use vouchers. Karen Grigsby Bates speaks with Jay Sekulow, chief counsel for the American Center for Law and Justice and Elliott Minchberg, co-counsel in the Cleveland voucher case and vice president of the People for the American Way Foundation.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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"['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', "In Jason Bourne, the latest in the secret agent series starring Matt Damon, director Paul Greengrass presents a thriller relevant to today's world, says Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times."]" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Movie Review: 'Jason Bourne,' A Thriller For Our Times"]"


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

The unanticipated strong showing of John Edwards in the Wisconsin primary has given new life to the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination.  Okay, so he may have lost the state by 40,000 votes, and he may still be only one-for-17.  But in a race that seemed to be heading in an utterly predictable direction, it was a reminder that maybe -- just maybe -- there's some life to this contest yet. Still, the odds are not exactly stacked in Edwards' favor.  History, as well as the compressed calendar, argues against his dislodging John Kerry.    And while the purpose here is not to write anyone's political obituary just yet, the plain fact is that if Edwards doesn't do especially well on Super Tuesday, March 2 -- when 10 states' delegates are up for grabs -- there will be the inevitable questions of how long will he (or can he) stay in the race. These will not be insignificant questions.  John Edwards has bet the house on this race -- or should I say the Senate (he is giving up his Senate seat in his quest).  But if he falls short of the presidential nomination, then how long he stays in the race could make a difference.  For if he is eyeing the number two slot on a Kerry ticket, as many people think (see my colleague Ron Elving's Feb. 16 column on this topic), he knows that how long he yaps at Kerry's heels could affect his chances. As Edwards weighs his options, and his timing, it might be instructive to look at the decision-making process of some candidates from the past. Of course, it's pretty rare for rivals for the nomination to wind up on the same ticket.  The last time it happened was in 1980, with Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.  Bush had upset Reagan in the Iowa caucuses that year, but was never able to capitalize on it.  Reagan beat him in New Hampshire, and in the South, and was clearly headed for the nomination.  Bush managed some wins -- such as in Connecticut and Pennsylvania -- but the pressure on him to withdraw was intense.  Ironically, Bush ended his candidacy just days after he won his most impressive primary win of the year -- a nearly 2-1 victory over Reagan in Michigan in late May.  But by then the numbers showed Reagan impossible to stop.  So Bush announced that he would no longer compete for delegates and would go to the national convention that summer and urge his delegates to back Reagan.  While Bush did give Reagan some fits during his bid for the nomination -- who could forget the "voodoo economics" charge? -- it never got ugly or personal, and Bush ended his bid with grace and before any real damage was done.  A few months later, Bush was the surprise choice as Reagan's running mate. A different scenario was taking place on the Democratic side that year.  Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts launched a bid to deny President Jimmy Carter his party's nomination.  Kennedy was thought to have a fair shot at accomplishing the feat, but once 51 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran, party voters rallied behind the president.  Like Bush, Kennedy did manage to win a few key contests along the way, like New York and Pennsylvania.  But Carter had an overwhelming lead in delegates.  On the last day of the primary season, Kennedy beat Carter in five of the eight states up for grabs, including California and New Jersey.  But Carter won Ohio, and by doing so clinched for all intents and purposes the nomination.  Kennedy could have withdrawn his candidacy on that day in early June, but did not.  He fought all the way to the convention.  The Democratic Party platform had so many concessions to the Kennedy camp that Carter himself was lukewarm about it.  And though Carter won renomination with little trouble, it was hardly the kind of send-off he hoped for. On stage with the president and Vice President Mondale at Madison Square Garden on that final day, Kennedy was stiff and aloof, showing no warmth for the man who would be leading his party in the general election.  He had his say -- with a memorable "The Dream Shall Never Die" speech -- and bowed out of the race.  But he withdrew much later than the Carter camp would have liked, with none of the graciousness that George Bush showed months prior.  And it was a dispirited Democratic Party that went down to defeat in November. Kennedy, of course, was not angling for a spot on the ticket that year, and his dislike for Carter was so strong that it may not have mattered to him what effect he had on party unity.  John Edwards' battle against John Kerry does not carry -- at least not at this point -- that personal animus.  Another difference between then and now is that in 1980, the battle for the nomination went on through June.  Now, with the front-loading of the primaries and caucuses, 75 percent of the delegates will be chosen by early March.  The quest for unity can be realized well before the convention opens. By the way, the last time a Democratic convention chose a ticket comprised of two who battled eac

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Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.


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Question: A Mission To Educate About Addiction

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NPR's Noel King talks to Jessica Hulsey Nickel, president and CEO of the Addiction Policy Forum, about how losing both her parents to opioid addiction set her on a path of advocacy.


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Question: U.S. Withdraws From Anti-Corruption Group's Oil And Petroleum Rules

The U.S. has pulled out of a pledge to conform to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, an international group that was formed to add transparency and accountability to how governments manage natural resources. The U.S. says it can't comply with all of the EITI's requirements. A State Department spokesperson says the U.S. will remain as one of 17 "supporting countries" of the initiative. A U.S. representative also serves on the EITI's international board. In response, the EITI's director cited America's prominent role in energy production and added, "This decision sends the wrong signal." The EITI collects and shares data from government and companies that show how much money is being paid and received for oil, gas, mining and renewable energy operations on public lands. The group was first formed 2002, at a meeting of the World Summit on Sustainable Development. President Trump's administration announced the U.S. withdrawal Thursday via a letter to the EITI's board from the U.S. Office of Natural Resources Revenue Director Gregory Gould, who said: "While the U.S. government remains committed to fighting corruption in the extractive industries sector, and the ideals of transparency [in the EITI] ... it is clear that domestic implementation of EITI does not fully account for the U.S. legal framework. Effectively immediately, therefore, the United States must withdraw an an EITI Implementing Country." Over the summer, the U.S. cited factors ranging from the Trade Secrets Act to tax reporting laws as obstacles to full implementation of the standards. Gould ended his letter by saying, "Despite the fact that the U.S. laws prevent us from meeting specific provisions of the EITI Standard, we look forward to working together to promote transparency, fight corruption and ensure good governance." The U.S. has given the EITI financial and political support that is "second to none," the director said. A State Department spokesperson later confirmed the U.S. will continue to provide support. In response, EITI Chair Fredrik Reinfeldt said in part, via a statement:  "This is a disappointing, backwards step. The EITI is making important gains in global efforts to address corruption and illicit financial flows. Our work supports efforts to combat transnational crime and terrorist financing. It's important that resource-rich countries like the United States lead by example. This decision sends the wrong signal."  Reinfeldt said that while the U.S. team working on the EITI rules had found a simple way to make corporate income tax payments more transparent, "Regrettably, the majority of companies declined to report." The news comes six years after the U.S. committed to implementing the EITI standards, and several years after it began issuing official compliance reports. Addressing the Open Government Partnership at the U.N. in September of 2011, President Barack Obama said:  "We're continuing our leadership of the global effort against corruption, by building on legislation that now requires oil, gas, and mining companies to disclose the payments that foreign governments demand of them. Today, I can announce that the United States will join the global initiative in which these industries, governments and civil society, all work together for greater transparency so that taxpayers receive every dollar they're due from the extraction of natural resources."  As The Hill reports, the U.S. adoption of the EITI's standards was supported by Sen. Ben Cardin, a Democrat, and former Sen. Richard Lugar, a Republican. "The two issued a joint statement on Thursday," The Hill says, "calling the move to exit the agreement an example of 'Big Oil and Gas' money and influence' and 'a painful abdication of American leadership on transparency and good governance.'" A State Department spokesperson says the U.S. remains committed to fighting corruption in the extractive industries. But instead of holding itself fully to the new international standards, the U.S. will return to being a "supporting" country of the EITI rather than by an EITI compliant country. The move comes months before the U.S. was slated to be evaluated next spring for validation by the EITI's international board — a grading process that the Department of the Interior's inspector general had warned would likely result in the board finding the U.S. had "made inadequate progress toward validation." That quote comes from a status report on the U.S. program issued in May, when Inspector General Mary Kendall cited government officials saying the U.S. "was considering all options" associated with validation. Saying the U.S. couldn't fulfill the EITI's Requirement 4, which requires disclosure and reconciliation of the money reported by the government and businesses, Kendall said the U.S. was "unable to obtain full disclosure of extractive resource payments from companies, thus preventing the required reconciliation to Government receipts." Still, Kendall wrote in her report,

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Acting FBI Boss To Take Comey's Place At Senate Intel Hearing. -- Workers Take Jefferson Davis Statue Off Its Pedestal In New Orleans. -- Ex-Massey Energy CEO Completes 1-Year Federal Criminal Sentence. -- Dissident Rebels In Colombia Ignore Peace Treaty And Continue Extortion. And here are more early headlines: Tillerson Joins Arctic Nations Officials Meeting In Alaska. (AP) Montana Glaciers Shrinking At Tremendous Rate. (USGS) Venzuelan Protesters Fling Feces At Government Forces. (Washington Post) Energy Department To Study Tunnel Cave-In At Nuclear Waste Site. (NBC) VA Chief Says More Time Needed To End Veteran Homelessness. (AP) Boeing Halts New Plane Delivery To Test Potential Engine Problem. (Seattle Times)