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Question: Guideline Is No Guarantee Insurers Will Pay For Pill To Prevent HIV

Now that the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a daily pill for people at substantial risk of becoming infected with the virus that causes AIDS, how likely is it that someone's health insurance will pay for it? First off, the CDC recommendation isn't binding. Insurers aren't required to cover the drug for prevention at this time. The CDC clinical guideline, released early in May, does carry quite a bit of weight, though. It recommends that people who are at substantial risk of becoming infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, take a daily pill called Truvada. This pre-exposure prophylaxis approach, called PrEP, can prevent HIV infection in more than 90 percent of cases. Although insurance typically pays for the drug, it's expensive, with an annual price tag of at least $10,000. High copayments are a real possibility for people with coverage. Under the health law, most health plans are required to cover without any cost sharing by patients for those preventive services that are recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. But that hasn't happened yet for HIV prevention with Truvada. The task force, a nonpartisan group of medical experts, analyzes the scientific evidence related to clinical preventive services and makes recommendations about their use. At this time, the task force recommends HIV screening for people aged 15 to 65. It doesn't have a recommendation on preventive medications for HIV/AIDS, nor is any such review in the pipeline, according to a spokesperson for the task force. "The task force bases its recommendations on a thorough review of the current evidence. When making a recommendation, the task force considers the recommendations of other groups, including the CDC," the spokeswoman said.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Iowa 'Fetal Heartbeat' Bill To Ban Abortions After 6 Weeks Poised For Passage. -- 2 Trials Set For Cardinal Pell On Sex Abuse Charges. -- Doctor: Trump Dictated Letter Attesting To His 'Extraordinary' Health. -- Nearly 200 Arrested As May Day Rally In Paris Turns Violent. And here are more early headlines: Central American Migrants Remain Camped At U.S. Border. (San Diego Union Tribune) White Man Convicted Of Assaulting Black Man In Charlottesville Protest. (Daily Progress) Private Equity Firm Wins Bid to Buy Bankrupt Weinstein Co. (Hollywood Reporter) Ariz. Teachers To Return To Class If Lawmakers Pass Budget. (AzCentral.com) CDC Says Flea, Tick, Mosquito Bites Sharply Increasing. (CDC) NASA Sending Digging Probe To Mars To Study Geology. (Phys.Org)


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Question: Politics Podcast Pop Up

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We know where your mind's going to be this week: midterm election results!!! So, we're handing the reins over to our play cousins from NPR's Politics Podcast. They'll tell you what happened and what it all means.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Given ['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details:\n\n\nFewshots:\n\'Fresh Air Weekend: \'Lou Reed: A Life\'; White House Photographer Pete Souza\' == \'Fresh Air Weekend highlights some of the best interviews and reviews from past weeks, and new program elements specially paced for weekends. Our weekend show emphasizes interviews with writers, filmmakers, actors and musicians, and often includes excerpts from live in-studio concerts. This week: Biographer Sought To Write The Kind Of Book Lou Reed \'Deserved\': "It wasn\'t like I had to go looking for the drugs and the sex," Anthony DeCurtis says. "Lou wrote about it ... so I felt it was fair game." DeCurtis\' new book is Lou Reed: A Life. \'Lady Bird\' Soars With An Intimate Portrait Of Mother-Daughter Angst: The title character of Greta Gerwig\'s new comedy is a Sacramento high school senior who\'s in a love-hate relationship with her mother. Critic David Edelstein says Lady Bird is "packed with insight." Photographer Pete Souza Reflects On 8 Years (And 1.9 Million Photos) Of Obama: As the chief official White House photographer for President Obama, Souza sometimes shot more than 2,000 photos a day. "I was there all the time," he says. His new book is Obama: An Intimate Portrait. You can listen to the original interviews here: Biographer Sought To Write The Kind Of Book Lou Reed \'Deserved\' \'Lady Bird\' Soars With An Intimate Portrait Of Mother-Daughter Angst Photographer Pete Souza Reflects On 8 Years (And 1.9 Million Photos) Of Obama\' != \'Stories: 1) Anita O\'Day: Revisiting A Classic Voice 2) Harvey Kurtzman: The Comics World\'s \'Mad Genius\' 3) Zooey Deschanel, From Actress To Indie Rocker 4) Foul Mouths And A Penetrating Farce In \'The Loop\'\'', "The Sea Captain's Wife"] it matches with ["represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details.\n\n------\n\nFor instance, <<This may be spring break (hope you're enjoying the sunshine Ken!), but politics stops for nothing. So, while our political junkie is tanning his toes on a beach somewhere, we'll talk with guest junkie Matt Bai. And is there plenty to talk about... Re-votes seem less and less likely in Michigan and Florida, Barack Obama's pastor continues to face criticism, Hillary Clinton says she mis-spoke about the sniper fire in Bosnia, and John McCain stands against big bank bail-outs. And with the Clinton campaign facing pressure from some opinion writers about the viability of her winning the nomination, we'll talk about the fierce arguments over whether or not she should continue her campaign. We'll hear from one writer who says, why should she get out when there are so many reasons for her to stay? What do you think?>>  to <<Name That Political Junkie>>", 'Listen in to our earlier conversation with MARTHA HODES, author of "The Sea Captain\'s Wife: A True Story of Love, Race, and War in the Nineteenth Century." Hodes is professor of history at New York University.'] but not with ['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth\n\nThe provided query could be "R. Crumb, the bespectacled, gray-bearded artist who is regarded around the world as granddaddy of underground comics, has taken on what might be his biggest subject ever: the first book of the Bible.  Crumb\'s new comic, The Book of Genesis Illustrated, contains all 50 chapters of Genesis and comes with a warning on its cover: "Adult Supervision Recommended for Minors." The warning is not just because of the relentless sex that peppers the story, but also, as Crumb explained at a press conference in Paris, because of the "violence" and "nastiness" of the story: "[It\'s about] ruling elites, victimizing people in sadistic ways, which is human beings at their nastiest. They have power over others, and they derive pleasure from inflecting pain on other humans. That\'s about as nasty as people get," he said.   French publisher Jean-Luc Fromental, who\'s been a Crumb fan since he was a kid, says that at first he couldn\'t imagine what Crumb would do with the Bible.  "To me, only way Crumb could get to this was through blasphemy," he says. "Gradually  the pages came in, and [I] understood the nature of what he was trying to do, which is to reread the whole text from a humanistic point of view without changing a single word, without adding a single written commentary to the whole thing, but using only his graphic art." Crumb spent four years working up his illustrations, during which time he studied both ancient and modern translations of Genesis and also researched parallel Babylonian and Sumerian myths. But as fellow cartoonist and French resident Gilbert Shelton sees it, the brilliance of Crumb\'s Genesis is in the art.  "His technique is rich, rich as any draftsman I know," says Shelton. "[The images are] just fascinating in their clarity. He\'s an artist\'s artist." The characters in The Book of Genesis Illustrated are all vintage Crumb: women with the breasts and hips of a young Sophia Loren; men who are hairy, hungry animals. (Check out an excerpt of the first book, in which God creates the universe.) During an hour-and-a-half press conference about the book, Crumb was repeatedly questioned about his spiritual views and his belief in the Bible. A woman from Finland asked the artist if he believes in God.  "I\'m a Gnostic — someone who seeks knowledge of God," Crumb responded. "There\'s some force that rules our destiny: This is obvious. But what it is — this is a mystery we cannot possibly understand."  Taking the Bible as a sacred truth, however, is another matter: "The idea that people for a couple thousand years have taken this so seriously seems completely insane and crazy, totally nuts. But the human race is crazy if nothing else," Crumb said. Crazy story, perhaps, but the initial print run exceeds 100,000 books around the world — a figure unheard of in comic-book land." and the positive "Crumb\'s \'Genesis,\' A Sexy Breasts-And-Knuckles Affair"', 'Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3']

Question: NFL Prospect Michael Sam Comes Out As Gay

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On Sunday, in interviews with The New York Times and on ESPN's Outside the Lines, Missouri defensive lineman Michael Sam said that he is gay. The All-American and Associated Press SEC Defensive Player of the Year is said to be a top prospect to go on to an NFL career. If the 24-year-old Sam is drafted in May, he would be the first openly gay player in NFL history. "I am an openly, proud gay man," Sam told ESPN's Chris Connelly. Sam first came out to his teammates in August of last year. "I looked in their eyes, and they just started shaking their heads — like, finally, he came out," he told The New York Times. Sunday's interviews were the first time he spoke publicly about his sexual orientation. Sam said in the interview with ESPN that he made the decision to come out publicly, and not just to his team, when it came to a point where he didn't know exactly how many people knew of his sexual orientation. "I just want to make sure I could tell my story the way I want to tell it," Sam said. "I just want to own my truth." The NFL released a statement on Sunday night following the interviews. "We admire Michael Sam's honesty and courage," it said. "Michael is a football player. Any player with ability and determination can succeed in the NFL. We look forward to welcoming and supporting Michael Sam in 2014." Sam also acknowledged the gravity of the announcement and the effect it could have on his career. "It's a big deal. No one has done this before. And it's kind of a nervous process, but I know what I want to be ... I want to be a football player in the NFL," he said.

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Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: Bush Stresses Conservative Legacy, Campaign

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President Bush on Friday delivered a spirited defense of his record in office to a group of conservative activists in Washington, urging them to back a like-minded candidate to succeed him. The president did not mention GOP front-runner Sen. John McCain by name, nor did he take on the leading Democratic contenders for the nomination. But he said the American people support the conservative point of view. "The stakes in November are high. This is an important election. Prosperity and peace are in the balance," Bush told about 2,000 people attending the Conservative Political Action Conference.  "So with confidence in our vision and faith in our values, let us go forward, fight for victory and keep the White House in 2008." The president's remarks came one day after Republican Mitt Romney said he would suspend his campaign for the Republican nomination, a move that solidifies the candidacy of McCain. Speaking to some of his most loyal supporters, the president also defended some of the decisions he has made in office, from cutting taxes and appointing conservative justices to leading an invasion of Iraq.  Bush declared that history would prove his course of action to be the right one. And he urged conservatives to help elect a like-minded successor.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news ... this week, Obama checks another one off the bucket list, a new face in the Supreme Court, and a late night apology.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

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Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

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From one of Ted's recommended recordings, we'll hear the Kyrie and Agnus Dei (AHN-yoos DAY-ee) from Josquin's Missa Pange Lingua (MEE-sah PAHN-jay LING-guah). Peter Phillips conducts the Tallis Scholars. (Gimell CDGIM 009)

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2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: Fast Food Workers Rally For Higher Wages

Workers rallied in 100 cities on Thursday to raise awareness for increasing pressure to raise wages. The push comes as 19 cities and states already raised minimum wages. A report from Berkeley economists finds the low-wage fast food jobs are costing taxpayer billions of dollars in public assistance — everything from food stamps to Medicaid.

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Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: No, Queen Elizabeth Is Not Down To Her 'Last Million'

Did you hear about Queen Elizabeth II? That times are tough for Britain's monarch? Or as an inspired headline writer at Australia's Canberra Times put it:  Royal no longer flush — Queen 'down to her last million'  Well, don't schedule a telethon for her just yet. The queen herself is not running out of money. The report that such stories are based on, from the House of Commons' Committee of Public Accounts, says the royal "household" had just 1 million pounds (about $1.7 million) in its reserve fund as of March 31 last year. Basically, what happened was this: -- The household spent 44.9 million pounds in 2012-13. That's $74.4 million at the current exchange rate. -- It paid its bills thanks mostly to a taxpayer-funded grant of 31 million pounds from the British government and the 11.6 million pounds in income that the royals generated from visitors to palaces and other revenue sources. -- If you've been doing your math, you've figured out that 31+11.6=42.6. That means the royals needed another 2.3 million pounds to cover their spending. That money came from the reserve fund. "The household drew down £2.3 million from its £3.3 million Reserve Fund, leaving a balance of only £1.0 million at 31 March 2013," says the House of Commons report. This is all a problem, the report says, because the queen should have more socked away "to cover unforeseen demands." What's more, some such demands may not be so unforeseen. As NBC News says:  "The report also criticized the royals' 'complacency' in allowing some 39 percent of royal buildings and land to slip into a state of disrepair. It said the 60-year-old heating system in Buckingham Palace alone will cost between £500,000 and £1 million to replace."  That's $828,000 to $1.7 million. But let's get back to our original point about misleading headlines and what the queen is or is not worth. According to Forbes, "her personal net worth [is] around $500 million." It adds that the half billion:  "Comes from property holdings including Balmoral Castle in the Scottish Highlands, stud farms, a fruit farm and marine land throughout the U.K.; extensive art and fine jewelry; and one of the world's largest stamp collections built by her grandfather. "Not included are those assets belonging to the Crown Estate, which she gets to enjoy as queen, such as $10 billion worth of real estate, Buckingham Palace (estimated to be worth another $5 billion), the Royal Art collection, and unmarked swans on stretches of the Thames."  We expect some may wish to discuss in the comments thread whether a family with that much money needs as much help as it is getting from Britain's taxpayers.  The Atlantic has looked at the costs vs. the benefits. It notes that critics of the monarchy claim it really costs about $307 million a year to keep the royal family housed, fed and protected. Other officials, though, claim that royal-related tourism generates about $767 million in annual revenue for Britain.

Stories: 1) 'Moby-Duck': When 28,800 Bath Toys Are Lost At Sea 2) The Vagrants: A Hot '60s Band, For Exactly Four Years 3) The Joy Of The Mundane In 'Emily, Alone'


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Question: Trump Taps Iowa Governor To Be Ambassador To China

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Examples:

"['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'Updated 1:25 a.m. ET Friday Twitter users are calling for a boycott of Goya Foods, a brand most known for its Hispanic-staple food offerings, after the CEO of the company lavished praise on President Trump during a Thursday visit to the White House. Robert Unanue, chief executive of the family-owned operation since 2004, said the country was "blessed" to have Trump at the helm, during remarks following a roundtable with Hispanic business and political leaders from across the country. "We\'re all truly blessed at the same time to have a leader like President Trump, who is a builder," Unanue said during the Rose Garden speech. "We have an incredible builder. And we pray. We pray for our leadership, our president, and we pray for our country — that we will continue to prosper and to grow." Unanue also announced a plan, along with some partners, to donate 1 million cans of Goya chickpeas and 1 million pounds of food to food banks. A statement issued late Thursday by Goya Foods did not address the negative reaction from some in the Hispanic community to Unanue\'s White House appearance and praise of Trump. In the statement, Unanue reiterated his support for the president\'s Hispanic Prosperity Initiative, which Trump established by executive order at the White House roundtable. "Our country faces a time of historic challenge but we will meet that challenge together and continue to work towards greatness, focus on a strong recovery, and hold onto the hope for a healthier future for all," Unanue said in the statement. Trump has maintained a tenuous relationship with much of the Hispanic community since his first campaign speech for the presidency, in which he described Mexican immigrants as "rapists" and "criminals." Unanue, a third-generation Spanish American, enraged many with his remarks at the White House, including some high-profile Democrats who also signaled that they would no longer support Goya\'s products. "Oh look, it\'s the sound of me Googling \'how to make your own Adobo,\' " Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez tweeted on Thursday evening, referencing the popular seasoning. Julián Castro, a fellow Democrat, also said Americans should "think twice" before buying Goya products. By Thursday evening, "Goya," #BoycottGoya and #Goyaway were trending topics on Twitter.']" == "['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', '#Goyaway: Calls To Boycott Goya Foods After CEO Praises President Trump']"

President-elect Donald Trump has selected Terry Branstad, the Republican governor of Iowa, to serve as ambassador to China. Branstad has a long-standing friendship with Chinese President Xi Jingping, which could help to ease tensions after Trump’s controversial phone call to the president of Taiwan. Here & Now’s Robin Young talks with NPR’s Ron Elving (@NPRrelving) about Branstad’s new role, and other political stories making headlines.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: After 'The Oath,' A Slow Retreat From Jihad

Abu Jandal was Osama bin Laden's bodyguard, and took an oath of loyalty to al-Qaida. His brother-in-law, Salim Hamdan, was bin Laden's driver, but never took jihadist vows. Guess which one of them was imprisoned for seven years at Guantanamo? For those who've followed the legal aftermath of Sept. 11, that's not a hard question: Salim Hamdan was the defendant in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, the 2006 Supreme Court case that granted some protections to Guantanamo prisoners. Yet Hamdan is not the star of The Oath, filmmaker Laura Poitras' compelling new documentary. Poitras is skilled at gaining the confidence of people who might well distrust Americans, as she demonstrated with My Country, My Country, a gently incisive look at life in post-invasion Iraq. For The Oath, she got astonishingly intimate footage of Jandal, who was working as a cab driver in Yemen when she tracked him down. But the director's attempt to recount a twinned tale of the two brothers-in-law doesn't quite work, chiefly because Hamdan is rarely on-screen. During most of the period the film documents, Hamdan is in a windowless hut at the U.S. detention camp; when he finally returns to his family, he declines to be interviewed. His place in the story is represented by his attorney, some interrogation video and snippets of letters he wrote from prison. That leaves the spotlight on Jandal, who was born Nasser Al-Bahari. Something of a showoff, the cab driver is happy to dish, both alone and in the company of young would-be jihadists. He even obligingly lies to his taxi passengers, telling them that the camera recording his chatter as he drives is broken. Poitras filmed Jandal over the course of two years, and she takes her time sketching his character and circumstances. Jandal was once thoroughly committed to Islamic holy war, taking a name he translates as "the one of death." How he came to a milder worldview and lifestyle is revealed gradually -- and very effectively. What soon becomes clear is that Jandal is no longer the one of death. He confesses shame that he ushered Hamdan onto the path that led to Guantanamo. And while he dutifully teaches his young son the ways of Islam, he's not the strictest of instructors. He's understanding when the boy would rather watch Tom & Jerry cartoons. A Coca-Cola drinker, Jandal even halfway defends the U.S. and Europe: Westerners are infidels, he says, but they manufacture better consumer products than Arabs. Quietly, the film makes the case that "enhanced interrogation techniques" were no enhancement. Interviewing jihadis "by the book," one interrogator testifies, yielded better information than violence and deprivation. The Oath won't please viewers who demonize all supporters, both past and present, of Osama bin Laden. Yet the film is not simply a sympathetic look at a jihadist. The exterior shots of Guantanamo are ominous, but inside the trial apparatus Poitras finds an American exemplar: military attorney Brian Mizer, paid to defend Salim Hamdan by the same U.S. government that violated his Geneva Conventions rights. Mizer's presence doesn't compensate for the absence of his client; The Oath would be stronger if it showed Hamdan telling his own story. Near the film's end, Jandal reports that his brother-in-law has become "introverted." Fortunately for the movie, Jandal is not. He can't stop talking, volubly and revealingly, about the path that almost took him to Guantanamo.

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Stories: 1) Reich Blames Economy's Woes On Income Disparity 2) Zach Galifianakis: A Comedic Actor Takes A Dark Turn


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Question: Nobel Peace Prize Winner Faces Protests After Activist's Late-Night Standoff

Less than two weeks after Abiy Ahmed won the Nobel Peace Prize and earned plaudits across the world, the Ethiopian prime minister has found himself embroiled in an escalating standoff with a prominent activist back at home. Hundreds of Jawar Mohammed's supporters gathered Wednesday outside Mohammed's house in Addis Ababa after the media mogul and advocate for the Oromo ethnic group claimed he was targeted by a conspiracy involving government agents. "It appears the plan was to move my protection away while I was asleep," Jawar told NPR over the phone on Wednesday. He said a group of police officers showed up at his house after midnight and sought to dismiss his security detail without offering a replacement or alerting Jawar. He said that his security detail ultimately rebuffed the officers — but that he was so alarmed that he decided to post a plea to his 1.75 million followers on Facebook. In a lengthy post detailing the confrontation, he alleged that "the plan was to remove my security and unleash civilian attackers and claim it was a mob attack." Jawar said he does not know who was behind the police action, telling NPR that "everyone keeps claiming some higher authority made the decision." In a statement read on national television, the government denied any effort to arrest or to harm Jawar. The government's denial has done little to dissuade the activist's supporters from taking to the streets. By Wednesday morning, big rallies of demonstrators had gathered outside his house and elsewhere across Oromia, the region where the capital, Addis Ababa, is located. In skirmishes on the city's outskirts Wednesday, at least 20 young men were wounded and one killed, according to Reuters. The controversial activist gained a considerable following as a champion of the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group, in widespread protests against the minority-led authoritarian regime that ruled Ethiopia for nearly three decades. From his base in Minnesota, he broadcast salvos against the ruling party on his Oromo-centric media network. And by the time Jawar, who holds a U.S. passport, returned to Ethiopia last year, the regime had given way to the reform-minded government of Abiy, the country's first Oromo prime minister. The vast democratic change that has taken place under Abiy's premiership, coupled with his move to end a long-running border war with Eritrea, earned him the Nobel Peace Prize this month. That's not to say Abiy and Jawar have been on the same page, exactly. Jawar has pushed for some controversial measures — including making Afaan Oromoo the working language of the Ethiopian government and giving the region of Oromia control of Addis Ababa. Critics have accused him of fomenting ethnic divisions that have led to serious violence, displacing hundreds of thousands of Ethiopians. And though Abiy has for the most part been tolerant of Jawar — removing his designation as a terrorist and welcoming him back to Ethiopia — their relations have soured recently over disputes about the future of Ethiopia's ethnic federalism. In a speech to parliament on Tuesday, Abiy issued a thinly veiled warning to Jawar, saying that if he undermined the country's peace, the government would "take measures." Some fear that a deepening feud in Ethiopia would further destabilize a central government already weakened by the assassination of Abiy's top defense official and multiple attempts against the prime minister himself. Jawar, in his phone call Wednesday with NPR, said his tenuous coalition with Abiy is "being tested" as the premier moves "further to the right, denouncing ethnic politics." Jawar's own supporters made clear where they stand by burning copies of Abiy's book during their protests, according to the BBC. "Will it break apart completely? Time will tell," Jawar said. "But I think it's under greater strain at this point." "I want it to be known," he added, "that no amount of threat will force me to leave the country."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: As Midwest Slides And Shovels, Mid-Atlantic Prepares For 'Snowquester'. At The Vatican, 'No Rush' To Set Conclave; And Fake Bishop Tries To Get In. And here are more early headlines: Senate Panel Expected To Vote On Brennan's CIA Nomination. (Politico) North Korea Warns It May Cancel Truce With South Korea. (VOA) Malaysia Uses Jets To Hunt Filipino Insurgents. (Reuters) Suspect Questioned In Acid Attack On Bolshoi Ballet Artistic Director. (Los Angeles Times) 12 Charged With Manslaughter In FAMU Drum Major Death. (Miami Herald) In Messy Lawsuit, Martha Stewart To Testify On Who Can Sell Her Products. (AP) Justin Bieber Tweets Regrets, Fans Still Enraged After He Took Stage 2 Hours Late. (MTV)


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Question: Mideast Talks At A Standstill

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-- Host Bob Edwards talks with NPR's Michael Goldfarb, who reports from London that peace talks between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian Chairman Yassir Arafat have collapsed, despite mediation efforts by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and British Prime Minister Tony Blair.

Good morning, here are our early stories: No Peace:Bomb Rips Apart Bus in Tel Aviv; Israel Continues Strikes In Gaza.  India Executes Mumbai Attack Gunman.  And here are more headlines: Busiest Travel Day Of The Year: Weather, Strikes Make Headaches For Thanksgiving Air Passengers. (ABC) Severe Weather Pummels Northwest, Drenches Seattle Area. (Los Angeles Times) Congolese Rebels Solidify Control Of Eastern Provincial Capital, As Civil War Fear Grows. (CBC) Egyptian Protesters Firebomb Al Jazeera Office In Cairo, Attack Police Station. (AP) Investigators Removed From Ireland Panel Examining Death Of Ailing Woman Whose Abortion Request Was Rejected. (Irish Times) Fiery, Deadly Indiana Home Explosion Now A Homicide Investigation. (AP) Mediated Talks Fail Between Hostess, Union - Hostess To Liquidate Assets. (Bloomberg) Volcano Filmed In 'Lord Of The Rings' As 'Mordor' Begins To Erupt. (Phys.Org)


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Question: Congress to Question Baseball Players on Steroid Abuse

NPR's Alex Chadwick talks to NPR's Tom Goldman about Thursday's congressional hearing on steroid use in Major League Baseball. Six star baseball players were subpoenaed to testify before a panel of representatives, and MLB commissioner Bud Selig is also expected to appear.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

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Question: 2. Simon/Shuttle Anniversary

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SCOTT SPEAKS WITH REPORTER MALCOLM GLADWELL, WHO HAS WRITTEN AN ARTICLE ABOUT THE INEVITABILITY OF DISASTERS SUCH AS THE CHALLENGER EXPLOSION THAT HAPPENED TEN YEARS AGO TOMORROW. SCOTT THEN CONTINUES WITH THOUGHTS ABOUT THE ANNIVERSARY.

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Where Does Congress Stand On Trade?

Today Congress is wrapping up votes that will determine the road ahead for the Trans-Pacific Partnership. NPR’s Marilyn Geewax joins Here & Now’s Jeremy Hobson to help navigate what the results mean for the future of the contentious trade bill. Guest

Marilyn Geewax, senior business editor for NPR. She tweets @geewaxnpr.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: Listening For The Future During Black History Month

Music may not see color, but the music industry certainly does. Until the systemic and overt biases that undermine our celebration of the contributions of black artists can be eradicated, we appreciate Black History Month as an opportunity to lay the groundwork for conversations we should be having and actions we should be taking year-round. Rodney Carmichael, NPR Music's staff hip-hop writer, says he likes to think instead about Black Futures Month, centered around looking forward rather than only looking back. "I just think that a lot of times America has a harder time appreciating what black folks are doing in the present than what we've done in the past," he told us. "I take it upon myself to make sure that I'm thinking about and reminding people through my writing to honor what we're creating right now." Today, World Cafe welcomes Rodney along with Briana Younger, music writer and editor for The New Yorker, and Jon Batiste, Grammy-nominated jazz artist and bandleader of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, for a roundtable discussion on black creators shaping the future of music. We spoke about how artists like Masego and Braxton Cook represent a resurgence of black instrumentalists at center stage; how storytellers like Saba use personal tales to illuminate systemic issues; and how experimenters like Tierra Whack — who got a 2019 Grammy nod, but not for her format-shattering audio-visual masterpiece Whack World — may be innovating so quickly that the industry can't keep up. We also talked about the double burden placed on black artists, who are both marginalized by systems of power and expected to do the work of speaking out against them, and the damaging assumption that music created by black artists is always a reaction to whiteness. And we celebrated the brilliant future that current black creators are pointing the way toward. Listen to our conversation at the audio link, and read highlights below.  On Tierra Whack's confounding Grammy nomination Rodney Carmichael: The Grammys have historically had a hard time appreciating and awarding black artists on the cutting edge. And then there's the irony of Neil Portnow [from] the Recording Academy making that statement last year about women artists needing to "step up," and the rage that rightfully came upon him after that. And here we have a young artist who in every way, shape and form is out innovating and outperforming everybody else, regardless of race or gender, and the Grammys are failing to innovate fast enough to keep up with her.  On Masego, multi-instrumentalists and musicality  Briana Younger: Masego is a singer/saxophonist. He has this incredible energy as a person, but it translates, also, into his music: He's extremely interested in the craft of playing saxophone and how he can bring that texture into this almost retro-R&B style of music. It's kind of representative of, [not] a trend, but like a resurgence, of black instrumentalists. Hip-hop or R&B, in a contemporary sense, have their own sort of musicality that isn't always explicitly rooted in this live tradition. Particularly when hip-hop came to really be popular,there was kind of this this pushback that it wasn't really musical. Because hip-hop is the predominant genre [in] the mainstream, that means hip-hop is speaking for a lot of us — and so for the feeling to be that hip-hoppers aren't musical is to say that black people, by extension, are not musical. And obviously, we have an extremely long and rich tradition of playing live instruments. I'm happy to see that in the commingling of those genres, and these artists who are coming out with their instruments and being like, "Yeah, I can I can play the violin. I can play the sax. And I'm going to do it." When you're seeing the success of people like Masego playing these live instruments in these very public spaces, I think it connects the dots back to the traditions that we come from, and I think that's incredibly important. It kind of feels like artists coming back for our things.   On serpentwithfeet in live performance and subverting tradition Younger: It's preaching. He treats the stage like a pulpit. You know, the black — especially the Southern black — church tradition has has not been friendly to gayness, queerness, in the community. So I think it's extremely important that he puts those two things in a dialogue with each other and says, "I'm going to use the language of the gospel. I'm going to make these references aesthetically, and I'm going to sing about loving men or having sex with men. And that's just what it's going to be."  On the musical history behind Batiste's latest album, Hollywood Africans Jon Batiste: Before music was something that was bought and sold and put into genre categories and all these things, it was the fabric of everyday life. It was a part of the functional community: There's music when someone's born, there's music when someone dies, there's music to eat to and music to sleep too, there's music ever

Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: Friday News Roundup - International

Turkey’s president comes to Washington, but it’s his bodyguards who leave a mark. Vladimir Putin says he can prove President Trump did not give secrets to Russia. And it’s a pilgrimage of sorts as Donald Trump prepares to visit Saudi Arabia, Israel and the Vatican. GUESTS Edward Luce, Chief U.S. columnist and commentator, Financial Times; his latest book is “The Retreat of Western Liberalism” Elise Labott, Global affairs correspondent, CNN Nathan Guttman, Washington correspondent, Israeli Public TV and The Forward Mehmet Toroglu, Turkish reporter, Voice of America Paulina Villegas, Reporter, Mexico City bureau, The New York Times For more, visit http://the1a.org. © 2017 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: From A Concert They Gave

From a concert they gave back in January at the University of Chicago, members of the touring Musica Antiqua Cologne perform the Flute Sonata in G by Johann Friedrich Fasch on period instruments. Ted Libbey will be adding music by Fasch's contemporary, Telemann to our Basic Record Library later in the hour. (Paul Grigonis Recordings)

Maps  and  Manifests, Inscribing My Name, Rosie Carson, Crosswind Reunion, Burying An Albatross, Milestones of Contemporary Art


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Question: Controversy: Are Black Teachers and Mentors Better for Black Kids?

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Twice in a very short amount of time we have gotten irate letters from listeners accusing us or our guests of reverse racism for the guests saying that it's important for black kids to have black teachers and mentors. I can't help but think this is one of those stories that many black and non-black listeners hear differently. I'll leave you to listen to the tape, and to weigh in. What do you think? Who can best mentor and teach African-American children? Is it reverse racism to say yes? Story on black mentoring:"A Nationwide Shortage in Black Mentors" Letters in response Stories on black teachers:"Call Me Mister" programTeacher Antonio Coleman, on being a black teacher in a mostly black school Letters in response

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: The Blind Boys of Alabama

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Tavis Smiley speaks to Clarence Fountain and Jimmy Carter of the Blind Boys of Alabama about their long history with gospel and how they create spiritual music that touches the masses.

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Stories: 1) Actor Paul Rudd, Rewriting the Commandments 2) Massacre's 'Lonely Heart,' Claudia Quintet's 'For'


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Question: Exploring Pigeons with Andrew Blechman

Forum talks with author Andrew Blechman about his new book, "Pigeons: The Fascinating Saga of the World's Most Revered and Reviled Bird."

Stories: 1) Frank Owen, Speeding Through His Reporting 2) Robyn Meredith on an Eastern Rising 3) Actress Liv Ullman on Filmmaker Ingmar Bergman


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Another First Day; New Jersey Fumble; He Who Must Not Be Named.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: Sherrod Debacle Frustrates Black Farmers

The firing of Shirley Sherrod by the Department of Agriculture has reopened a sore spot with many African-American farmers who have been charging the USDA with discrimination for years.   In fact, the USDA still faces thousands of discrimination lawsuits by minorities. Congress approved a billion-dollar settlement for a group of black farmers during the Clinton administration. A second settlement, covering those left out of the first agreement, has been approved but not yet funded by Congress.   Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack appeared crestfallen Wednesday as he apologized for the bungled firing of Shirley Sherrod, in part because it raised issues he had been doing his best to settle during his year-and-a-half tenure at the department: "I was very sensitive and remain sensitive to the civil rights issues involving this department," he said. "When you're dealing with tens of thousands of claims, it is something that needs to be resolved, that hasn't been resolved and must be resolved." 'The Last Plantation' Those tens of thousands of claims come from minority farmers, mostly blacks, but also Latinos and women. They charge that they've been discriminated against over the years by the USDA, denied timely loans to buy seeds and equipment -- loans that were granted to white farmers.  "This is what we call the last plantation," said John Boyd, president of the National Black Farmers Association. "It's the last federal arm in this country to integrate, the United States Department of Agriculture. They filed lawsuits in federal court to prevent black workers from coming to work once they integrated. That's the history of the United States Department of Agriculture." Boyd traveled from his farm in Virginia's Mecklenburg County to the Capitol to lobby Congress. In 1994, he was denied loans by a USDA agent in Richmond, Va., by the name of James Garnett.  "He was found guilty of discrimination, and he kept his job," Boyd said. "When I watched that thing with Miss Sherrod on television, I said, 'Look how fast they got rid of her when the allegation was her discriminating against a white farmer.' And when Mr. Garnett spit on me, tore my application up ... nothing happened. "So that can be very frustrating for a black person who's been out here 26 years fighting discrimination."  Many Farmers Still Waiting For Settlement In 1999, the government agreed to a class action settlement of more than $1 billion for African-American farmers. Some 16,000 farmers, including Boyd, received a share of the money. But tens of thousands of others who filed claims later were denied.   Two years ago, Congress agreed to fund another settlement. But they didn't appropriate the money. The House has acted twice this year to set aside the funds, most recently in a bill funding the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. But the Senate has refused to go along. "I'm frustrated," Boyd said Thursday. "I'm frustrated that I'm still begging for votes in the Senate for something that should have been done years ago. And I'm frustrated to see this country -- the country that we live in -- we still have not overcome race relations in this country." In Oklahoma City, Okla., Willard Tillman was at the farmers market, where he had taken some of his produce to sell: "Watermelons, cantaloupes, squash, greens, cabbage, tomatoes, okra." Tillman is also waiting for the second settlement to get funded. He says that the money will come too late for some black farmers. "A lot of the people that are deserving of this have died, man, have died," he said. "They will never receive any of the benefits or receive the justice that they needed to have during their lifetime." Tillman hopes the attention paid to the Sherrod episode will lead Congress and the Obama administration to come up with the money to settle the discrimination suits. Agriculture Secretary Vilsack says he has been working with the Senate to come up with the funds, and hopes it gets done quickly. MICHELE NORRIS, Host:  NPR's Brian Naylor reports. BRIAN NAYLOR: Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack appeared crestfallen yesterday as he apologized for the bungled firing of Shirley Sherrod, in part because it raised issues he'd been doing his best to settle during his year-and-a-half tenure at the department. NORRIS: I was very sensitive and remain sensitive to the civil rights issues involving this department. When you're dealing with tens of thousands of claims - tens of thousands of claims - it is something that needs to be resolved that hasn't been resolved and must be resolved. NAYLOR: John Boyd is president of the National Black Farmers Association. NORRIS: This is what we call the last plantation. It's the last federal arm in this country to integrate. The United States Department of Agriculture, they filed lawsuits in federal court to prevent black workers from coming to work once they integrated. That's the history of the United States Department of Agriculture. NAYLOR: I spoke to Boyd on the lawn of the Capi

News Headlines: Jan. 28, 2007 Talk About It:New York Times: Races Entering Complex Phase Over Delegates -- "The presidential campaign is entering a new phase as Democratic and Republican candidates move beyond state-by-state competition and into a potentially protracted scramble for delegates Congressional district by Congressional district. The shifting terrain is influencing the strategies of candidates from both parties." What's your reaction to the results of South Carolina's primary? What do you think Florida holds for the GOP? Election 2008:Washington Post: In S.C., Black Vote Was Vital, But Not Whole Story New York Times: Jackson: Not Upset by Clinton Remarks | Toni Morrison Endorses Obama Fox News: Huckabee on Romney's Fried Chicken Moment Washington Post: Kennedy Endorses Obama In Blow to Clinton AP: Indicted Obama Fundraiser Rezko Arrested Philadelphia Inquirer: In Fla., Age Is an Issue for McCain Nation:Politico: Final Bush SOTU Unlikely to Yield Surprises The AJC: 10,000 African-American Baptists Confer in Atlanta Newsday: Immigrant-Rights Group Reaches Out to Blacks Detroit Free Press: Kilpatrick Chief of Staff Quits Post Over Texts Washington Post: Black Historical Figures Get Their Due World:New York Times: Ethnic Violence in Rift Valley Is Tearing Kenya Apart AFP: EU Launches Chad, CAR Peacekeeping Mission Money & Finance:New York Times: 'Washington Post' Starts Online Magazine for Blacks AFP: Blacks See 'Financial Apartheid' in Subprime Crisis AP: New Home Sales Plunged by Record Amount in 2007 People:Black Voices: Ruby Dee Wins First SAG Award AP: Sears' Lewis to Step Down As CEO


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Question: Postcard: Fishing New York's Murky Waters

In New York City, dedicated fishing enthusiasts defy health warnings and insist on eating the catch from New York's polluted waters. Jon Kalish offers an audio postcard.

Stories: 1) The Surprisingly Social Gray Whale 2) Hemingway's 'Feast' On The Move Into New Edition


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Question: Boston Struggles with Grisly, Quadruple Murder

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Police in Boston are trying to solve the city's deadliest crime in a decade. Last week, four young men -- three of whom were members of a hip-hop rap group -- were gunned down in a private home.  The multiple murders stunned a neighborhood -- and alarmed a city that not long ago was a model for crime prevention.

Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)


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Question: Excerpt: 'Hot Time in the Old Town'

Prologue "The Heated Term" On August 15, 1896, while preparing to depart for a three-week vacation out west, Theodore Roosevelt wrote to his sister Anna, whom he called his Darling Bye.  "We've had two excitements in New York the past week; the heated term, and Bryan's big meeting," he wrote.  "The heated term was the worst and most fatal we have ever known.  The death-rate trebled until it approached the ratio of a cholera epidemic; the horses died by the hundreds, so that it was impossible to remove their carcasses, and they added a genuine flavor of pestilence, and we had to distribute hundred of tons of ice from the station-houses to the people of the poorer precincts."  Roosevelt, then 37 and president of New York's Board of Police Commissioners, was describing one of the most historic weeks in the city's history.   The "heated term" was an unprecedented heat wave that hit New York over ten days in August 1896. Temperatures in the 90s were accompanied by high humidity. For the duration, even at night thermometers never dropped below 70 degrees, and over the course of a week and a half the heat wave wore New Yorkers down. The eventual death-toll numbered nearly 1300 victims.   Yet the 1896 New York heat wave remains one of the most forgotten natural disasters in American history. It is in the nature of heat waves to kill slowly, with no physical manifestation, no property damage, and no single catastrophic event that marks them as a disaster.  For that reason the heat wave is only infrequently remembered, even though it claimed more victims than the 1863 New York City draft riots or the 1871 Great Chicago Fire.   Our collective failure to remember this disaster may also have something to do with the identities of the victims. While the very young and very old were the most vulnerable, the heat wave also took a terrible toll on the working poor, the death lists containing the names of hundreds of surprisingly young men who were literally worked to death. 	  The living conditions of New York's poor were dire.  By August 1896 the entire country had been suffering through a severe economic depression for three years.  Millions were out of work.  New York, experiencing a wave of massive immigration, seemed particularly hard hit.  The tenements of the Lower East Side teemed with recent arrivals who could scarcely afford food or medical care.  The combination of poor living conditions, poor working conditions, poor diet, and poor medical care, with temperatures inside the brick tenements easily reaching 120 degrees, killed hundreds of New Yorkers. 	Roosevelt's compared the heat wave to a cholera epidemic for good reason.  Although the heat wave was not an epidemic by any medical definition, the slow unfolding of the tragedy resembled the periodic outbreaks of cholera that had plagued New York throughout the century, more than it did such spectacular disasters as the Great Fire of 1835 or the Blizzard of 1888.  Like cholera, the heat in August 1896 struck quietly and undramatically. New Yorkers remembered 1832's cholera epidemic as the worst they had ever experienced.  That summer the disease had swept through the city.  Those who had the means to leave town did so as quickly as possible, leaving the New York almost half empty.  For the poor souls that remained -- quite literally, the poorest of the inhabitants -- some neighborhoods took on the cast of Bruegel's "Triumph of Death."  Pedestrians risked being trampled by the hearses that plied the streets day and night. The air was hazy from the burning of the sick's bedding and clothing.  Dead bodies lay in the street untouched by the living who were scared to approach them, while rats feasted on those buried in shallow graves. A simple stomachache might indicate a symptom of the dreaded disease.  Turned away from private hospitals over 2,000 sick New Yorkers swarmed into Bellevue.  Attendants stacked bodies in the morgue while patients lay dying in hallways.  In the end over 3500 died. 	It would take concerted preparations to defeat cholera.  Epidemics recurred in the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s.  Finally in 1892, with a new epidemic sweeping across Europe, New York officials prepared to combat the epidemic on the basis of the latest advances in microbiology.  Indeed, the city prepared as if for war, readying a special corps of doctors, hospital ships in the rivers for quarantine patients, and an army of workers to scrub and disinfect 39,000 tenements.   In the end, New York won the war.  Although the epidemic of 1892 killed 2500 Russians each day, only nine New Yorkers died, and the dread disease would never menace the city again.  Defeating cholera illustrated what steps a determined nineteenth-century city must take to prevent a catastrophe from killing its citizenry.  In 1896, however, New York City made no concerted effort to combat the heat wave as it had cholera only a few years before.  The results were tragic.  	Yet it is difficult to entirely blame govern

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The provided query could be "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details.', 'Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today, to celebrate the Fourth of July weekend, Ted recommends recordings of American band music.']" and the positive "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'Critic Ted Libbey Joins Martin']"

Stories: 1) William F. Buckley, Irrepressible Conservative 2) 'Passing Strange,' a Musical With a Rock Swagger 3) Reviewed: A Biography of the 'Queen of Trumpet'


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Question: VIDEOS: Maddie About Science

The show, hosted by Maddie Sofia, takes viewers behind the scenes with scientists, revealing their motivations and sharing their research—from insect mimics to space probes headed for the sun. Prepare to learn a thing or two about life in the lab and leave room for laughs along the way.

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Cause Of Foul Pine Nut Taste Befuddles Scientists

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Scientists on the trail of "pine nut mouth," a nasty metallic aftertaste that some people get after eating the tender little nuts, have been stumped in their latest effort to zero in on the cause of the mysterious affliction. Pine nut mouth first surfaced in 2000, when a person in Belgium complained about an intensely bitter taste in the mouth after eating the nuts. The taste can persist for one to two weeks. That's more than enough to put people off pesto forever, as NPR's Selena Simmons-Duffin discovered when she was afflicted with pine nut mouth after eating some nuts sprinkled on a salad. A few weeks after the nasty sensation disappeared, and she hasn't had problems since. But she won't be trying them again anytime soon. "It's not worth it," Simmons-Duffin says. Speculation has long raged as to whether the culprit is a Chinese variety of pine nut, Pinus armandii. It wasn't traditionally eaten in Europe and the United States, where most cases of pine nut mouth have cropped up, but has made its way into the global market in recent years. Continue Reading Still, there's no firm evidence that P. armandii is the culprit. So scientists at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration tried to solve the mystery by running pine nuts through a gas chromatograph, and testing nut DNA, a la CSI. They used 45 samples, including 17 that had been associated with cases of pine nut mouth. The seeds are hard to tell apart just by looking at them. So they figured they'd get a chemical signature off the fatty acids in the nuts that could make it easier to sort problem pignoli from innocuous nuts. The dual testing method was better at identifying the nut species. But then the scientists discovered a new problem. They found that most of the pine nuts sold in the United States come from a mix of species, including P. armandii, confounding the chemical analysis. "This is a big limitation," Ali Reza Fardin-Kia, an FDA scientist who led the study, told The Salt. When they deliberately mixed nuts from two species not associated with pine mouth, P. koraiensis and P. sibirica, the fatty acid profile came back looking like P. armandii. Their research was published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Adding to the mystery is the fact that it's still unclear if it's the nuts or the people that are causing the problem. The scientists say it could be both. Tests run in Europe have have not found any chemical contaminants, chemical residue, or bacteria on the nuts. Not everyone who eats the same nuts has problem, so some people may have a genetic variation in how they taste that causes the problem. "No one knows why people respond to eating pine nuts with this bitter aftertaste," says Jeanne Rader, a supervising research chemist at the FDA and a coauthor of the new study. "We don't understand the physiology yet. Once that's better understood, the question of a species being responsible or not will be easier to answer." In other words: This mystery remains a tough nut to crack.

Stories: 1) Overloaded Sewers Lead To 'Toxic Waters' 2) A Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Revisited


Question: Southern Remedy with Dr. Rick deShazo and Gene Edwards

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Southern Remedy Radio Program with your hosts Dr. Rick deShazo and Gene Edwards

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The Gestalt Gardener Radio Program with your hosts Felder Rushing and Dr. Dirt


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Question: Will The Real Ronald Reagan Please Stand Up?

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It's no secret who the most popular Republican is in this year's GOP presidential race. In just one single debate last year, GOP candidates mentioned the former President Ronald Reagan 24 times. Right now, each candidate is vying for the mantle of Reagan conservatism. Yet some historians, and even some of the folks who worked for Ronald Reagan, are now wondering whether Reagan himself was enough of a Reagan conservative — at least the way it is defined today. So what exactly is a Reagan conservative anyway? If he were alive, could Reagan get the GOP nod? The Politician Reagan biographer Craig Shirley tells weekends on All Things Considered host Guy Raz that it was against backdrop of the 1970s that Reagan first ran for president. "You had rampant inflation [and] high interest rates; we were losing [the] Cold War," Shirley says. "Americans had become rampant cheap consumers of the '70s – disco music or pet rocks or leisure suits – all of those things that really summed up what was really a very bad time for the American people." A young former Nixon aide named John Sears convinced Reagan he should run for president against the incumbent Gerald Ford in 1976. Against huge odds, Reagan actually came close to winning that year and would eventually go on to win in 1980. Reagan had a cultural appeal with the New-Deal, blue-collar, urban-ethnic, lunch-bucket voters that other Republicans didn't, Shirley says. "Nixon had a little bit, but not the way Reagan did. So this was the beginning of his reorganization of the two parties," he says. The man who became the most important American conservative icon in the 20th century was, in many ways, a moderate, says Shirley. In 1978, Reagan campaigned against a referendum in California called Proposition 6 that would have banned gays and lesbians, and possibly anyone who supported gay rights, from working in the state's public schools. The bill was supported by the Christian right and sponsored by state legislator John Briggs. The measure failed, and Briggs later said it was solely because of Reagan. The President In recent years, Sen. Lindsey Graham, former Gov. Mike Huckabee and Rep. Duncan Hunter Jr. — all Republicans — have suggested Reagan would have a tough time winning the GOP nomination today. Reporter Walter Shapiro is covering his ninth presidential campaign, now for Yahoo! News and The New Republic. He tells NPR's Raz that there were plenty of Reagan-era policies that wouldn't sit well with the GOP today — like raising taxes. In the early '80s there was a deficit problem, and after massively lowering taxes there was an adjustment upward. Reagan's tax reform of 1986, which basically eliminated a number of deductions in order to lower rates, would be attacked today, Shapiro says. "In an attack ad today," he adds, "you'd say, 'Whose side is he on?" Also in 1986, Reagan's Immigration Reform and Control Act granted amnesty to millions of illegal immigrants who entered the U.S. prior to Jan. 1, 1982. "This is the immigration bill that the Republicans are railing against when they say, 'No more amnesties' — and this was Ronald Reagan," he says. Many of the GOP candidates running for president have repeatedly pointed out that many — mostly poor — Americans don't pay federal income taxes. But in his 1985 State of the Union address, Reagan said he'd propose the exemption of federal income taxes to those living at or below the poverty line. "This is, again, the problem with this plaster-saint iconography," Shapiro says. There are many ways in which Reagan was a genuine conservative, Shapiro says, but he wasn't consistent. If Reagan were running today, Shapiro can imagine superPAC ads referring to him as a "former liberal-Democrat" or "tax-raiser Ronald Reagan." "The truth is that political figures, particularly when viewed from the lens of history, are far more complicated creatures than they are when they're viewed through the lens of bumper stickers," Shapiro says. The Man Vs. His Legend So how does Ronald Reagan compare to the modern definition of a Reagan conservative? David Stockman, Reagan's former budget director, tells Raz that he doesn't think Reagan quite matches up. "Even though he was highly negative about the role of government ... he was also enough of a pragmatist to recognize facts," Stockman says. The modern interpretation of who Reagan was is based on two things, Stockman says: a selective reading of history and a full-bore adoption of Reagan rhetoric. "What the history books are going to show, I believe, is that the Reagan revolution never happened. It was a campaign slogan," he says. "Government wasn't reduced; taxes were cut marginally, but the basic functions of the federal government didn't change." What is left, Stockman says, is a lot of slogans and campaign speeches that the current crop of Republican politicians like to repeat over and over. Ultimately, Stockman says, it does matter that the Republican Party of today is so very different from the R

From gobbling down nightmarish deep-fried whatevers at state fairs to sucking up to donors, the life of a national politician is full of humbling experiences. But few components of the modern political routine were stranger, more incongruous, or more embarrassing than the Political MySpace Page. With MySpace on the decline, we are likely seeing the last of these wince-inducing attempts to combine MySpace's high-schooly vibe and assaultive, more-is-more visual aesthetic with the ostensible dignity of elected office. Click through to experience the squirm-inducing weirdness that is the Political MySpace Page. Today at TNR (August 18, 2009) Creationism For Liberals: Is Religion The Most Important Source Of Morality? by Jerry A. Coyne Allowing People To Keep Their Existing Health Care Plan Is Good Politics--But Bad Policy, by Jonathan Cohn How Big Of An Impediment Will Doctors Be To Reform? by Harold Pollack The Long, Dirty History Of Power Plants That Just Won't Die, by Bradford Plumer Meet Tim Geithner's Wall St. Consigliere: Should Lee Sachs's Influence Make Us Queasy? by Noam Scheiber


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Question: Show #47 air date  November 27 2007

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Today, Quality of Life Moderator Terry Phillips looks into the world of charitable giving. In the studio is Dan DeSantis, CEO of the Fresno Regional Foundation, and joining the conversation via telephone is Trent Stamp, President of Charity Navigator, a company offering on-line information on many charities throughout the country. Here are some places for more information: www.fresnoregfoundation.org; www.charitynavigator.org; www.unicefusa.org; www.americares.org. Suggested reading; "The Soul of Money" by Lynne Twist.

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Week in Review with Daniel Schorr

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NPR's Scott Simon reviews the week's news with NPR Senior News Analyst Daniel Schorr.

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Provided: "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', 'Abercrombie & Fitch violated the civil rights of one of its employees when it fired her from one of its Hollister stores for wearing a hijab. That\'s what U.S. District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers decided in a case that stems from a 2011 lawsuit filed on behalf of 19-year-old Umme-Hani Khan by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The San Jose Mercury News reports:  "The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and civil rights lawyers sued Abercrombie over the firing, accusing the company of a pattern of religious discrimination through its so-called look policy, which restricts what the company\'s employees can wear at work and includes a ban on head coverings. "The lawsuit is one of a number of cases filed against Abercrombie and other businesses around the country over alleged discrimination against Muslim women who want to wear headscarves to work, including one filed by a former Abercrombie worker at Milpitas\' Great Mall and another filed against the Disneyland Hotel."  According to a press release from the EEOC, Khan was hired at a Hollister store in San Mateo, Calif., in 2009 as an "impact associate," which means she worked mostly in the stock room. According to the EEOC, Khan was at first asked to wear headscarves in the color of the Hollister brand but was then told she could not wear it all, because it violated the policies in the store\'s "look book." Khan was fired a few months later for refusing to take off the hijab. "No one should have to choose between keeping their faith and keeping their job," EEOC General Counsel David Lopez said in a statement. The BBC reports that the case now moves to a trial, where a jury will determine damages. The BBC adds:  "In her ruling, Judge Rogers said Abercrombie lawyers had only offered \'unsubstantiated opinion testimony of its own employees to support its claim of undue hardship\' and had undercut its own argument by offering to rehire Ms Khan with her headscarf. "Ms Khan was supported by the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR). "A spokeswoman said the organization hoped the lawsuit would push the company to change its policies and clarify religious accommodations."']" Match: "['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'Judge: Abercrombie & Fitch Was Wrong To Fire Woman Over Headscarf']"

Stories: 1) Colin Meloy of The Decemberists 2) Remembering Father Robert Drinan 3) The Metropolitan Opera in a Theater Near You


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Question: Murrow, the Blitz and the Race to War

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With the words, "This is London," Edward R. Murrow brought the war in Europe to the living rooms of Americans. His rooftop reports of the Blitz helped define broadcast journalism.  Starting in 1939, Murrow's vivid reports explained the importance of developments in far-off countries, and, particularly during the Blitz, the German effort to bomb the British into submission. Murrow brought the violence and emotion of the war to American airwaves.  Author Philip Seib talks about his new book, Broadcasts from the Blitz: How Edward R. Murrow Helped Lead America into War. The book raises serious questions about ethics, objectivity and detachment. Considering the alternative, was there really a choice? And, given Rwanda, Darfur and the Balkans, what does Murrow's example say about taking sides in journalism? NEAL CONAN, host:  From NPR News in Washington, DC, I'm Neal Conan, and this is TALK OF THE NATION.  In June 1940, CBS London correspondent Edward R. Murrow spoke with British fighter pilots trying to protect the evacuation from Dunkirk.  (Soundbite of radio broadcast)  Mr. EDWARD R. MURROW (CBS News Correspondent): And we got there, they were waiting to take off again. They talked of their own work, discussed the German Air Force with all the casualness of Sunday morning quarterbacks discussing yesterday's football game. There were no nerves, no profanity, and no heroics.  CONAN: A new book argues that as this nation debated the war in Europe, Murrow's broadcasts from the Blitz helped lead America into the conflict. Plus, Andy Beyer joins us to talk about Barbaro's horrific injury in Saturday's Preakness Stakes in Baltimore and what it means for the struggling sport of horseracing. It's the TALK OF THE NATION, after the news.  (Soundbite of the news)  CONAN: This is TALK OF THE NATION. I'm Neal Conan in Washington. Last year, the movie Good Night, and Good Luck focused on CBS news correspondent Edward R. Murrow's televised confrontation with Senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s. The issues included fairness, fear mongering and patriotism, and Murrow made his own views plain. Fifteen years earlier, Murrow was just as outspoken on radio in crackling broadcasts from Europe as crisis deepened into war.  (Soundbite of radio broadcast)  Mr. MURROW: This is London calling Columbia, New York. Now first, let's get in proper order the chronological developments of the day. At nine o'clock this morning, London time, it was announced that a two-hour ultimatum had been delivered to Germany, that at the end of that time, hostilities must cease or Germany and Britain would be at war.  At 11:15, the prime minister spoke to the nation. He stated that no reply had been received to the ultimatum, and that Britain and Germany were at war. Shortly after the prime minister's speech, the air raid sirens went off, and it wasn't a pleasant sound. We moved quietly and in orderly fashion down underground.  The all-clear came in just a little while. Now, for the last few hours I haven't had an opportunity to be up on the streets of London to see what is happening, but I have heard one story concerning that air raid siren, and I think that story might interest you. It's told me by a friend of mine who was in Bond Street, and he said when the air raid siren went off, one man began to run. He ran for about half a block. He looked around, saw that no one else was running, and stopped with perhaps the typical English desire not to be conspicuous.  CONAN: Starting in 1939, Murrow's vivid reports explained the importance of developments in far-off countries. And particularly during the Blitz, the German effort to bomb the British into submission, Murrow brought the violence and emotion of war into America's living rooms. As this country debated isolation, neutrality and intervention, radio, in general, and Murrow's reports in particular helped change American opinions.  In a new book, author Philip Seib says Murrow consciously worked to increase awareness of the threat of Hitler's Germany and support for Britain. For the man credited as the patron saint of broadcast journalism, the book raises serious questions about ethics, objectivity and detachment. Considering the alternative, though, was there really a choice? And, given Rwanda, Darfur and the Balkans, what does Murrow's example say about taking sides in journalism?  Later in the program, a heartbreak at the Preakness Stakes over the weekend. Andy Beyer will join us to talk about the disaster that struck Kentucky Derby winner Barbaro and sport of thoroughbred horseracing, but first, the two sides of the Murrow legacy.  We want to hear from you. If Murrow did help open America's minds to war, did he do the right thing? Does this change your view of him? Our number here in Washington is 800-989-8255. That's 800-989-TALK, and our e-mail address is talk@npr.org.  Philip Seib is professor of journalism at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He joins us from the studios of member stat

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: The Never-ending Story, Presidential Promises, and Protecting the Passer.


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Question: Can't Stop Worrying? Try Tetris To Ease Your Mind

If you've ever played Tetris — whether it was at an old-school Gameboy, or just on your iPhone — then you know: It's 8-bit enchantment. "Years of my life were lost disappearing into a game of Tetris on my Nintendo system," says Kate Sweeny, a psychologist at the University of California, Riverside. But maybe the hours she spent lining those little blocks ("tetriminos") into perfect rows of 10 weren't a total waste. Her latest research suggests that Tetris can ease us through periods of anxiety by getting us to a blissfully engrossed mental state that psychologists call "flow." "The state of flow is one where you're completely absorbed or engaged in some kind of activity," Sweeny explains. "You lose your self-awareness, and time is just flying by." So say, you're waiting for a date to text you back, or for your LSAT scores, or — as much of the country will be doing on Tuesday — waiting for the election results. You may be tempted to think obsessively about the possibilities. Instead, Sweeny's research suggests, you may want to turn off Twitter alerts, and try distracting yourself with a brain game. The study, published recently in the journal Emotion, focused on people who were waiting for uncertain, potentially life-altering news, and it found that a flow-inducing game of Tetris could help them cope. Sweeny and her collaborators gathered a group of more than 300 college students and told them their peers would be evaluating how attractive they were. "I know, it's kind of cruel, but we found it's a really effective way to get people stressed out," Sweeny says. While the participants awaited their attractiveness scores, the researchers had them play Tetris. Some played a painfully slow, easy version of the game — which bored them. Some played an extremely challenging, fast version — which frustrated them. And everyone else played the classic version, which adapts to each player's individual skill level and gets them into that state of flow. In the end, everyone experienced a degree of worry. But the third group reported slightly higher levels of positive emotions (on average, about a quarter of a point higher on a five-point scale) and slightly lower levels of negative emotions (half a point lower on a five-point scale). "It wasn't a huge difference, but we think it's noticeable," Sweeny says. "And over time, it can add up." The results line up with a growing body of research showing that regular doses of flow can boost our mood and help us manage stress. And although playing Tetris is a reliable way to achieve flow, other absorbing video games would work too. And if you'd rather put down your digital device, no worries. Games are by no means the only way. "Think of the activity that grabs your attention and doesn't let it go," says Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia who studies happiness. "For me, it's mountain biking." For you, it could be chess or ballet. "I can't say I found this study particularly surprising at all," says Dunn, who wasn't involved in the research. "Mostly because, based on previous research, it's hard to find a situation where the experience of flow isn't a good thing." What the new research does suggest, she says, "is that even in tough moments, we should push ourselves to do something challenging to get us out of the moment." "Go mountain biking, or rock climbing or have games night with your friends where you play really challenging games," she says. And if all else fails, you can always try Tetris. Maanvi Singh is a freelance writer and a regular contributor to NPR. You can find her on Twitter: @maanvisings.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

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Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: Record-Setter Says He Won't Run Backward Anymore

Achim Aretz holds the Guinness World Record for running the half marathon, backward. But now, the 27-year-old German athlete says he's tired of doing something almost no one else does and wants to head in a new direction. Reporter Caitlan Carroll caught up with him in Hannover, Germany.

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Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)


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Question: Who's Bill This Time?

Biden time!Pfizerccinos and the scourge of maskslipping.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: HBCU President On Trump Meeting: 'We Gotta Invest In Our Young People'

Presidents of Historically Black Colleges and Universities are in Washington, D.C., this week pressing their priorities with the Trump administration and lawmakers. NPR's Ari Shapiro talks with Walter Kimbrough, president of Dillard University in New Orleans, about the meetings.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Threats And Crises Are 'Just Normal North Korean Diplomacy' -- Venezuela Says Recount Likely After Chavez Heir's Close Win -- At Golf's Masters, A Nice Guy Finished First -- Book News: Yoko Ono Is Writing A Book Of 'Instructional Poetry' -- 'Mila' Is First Grandchild For George W. And Laura Bush Other stories making headlines: -- Manchin-Toomey Bill On Gun Background Checks "Inching Closer To 60 Votes In Senate." (The Hill) -- "On Immigration, Marco Rubio Is Everywhere." (Politico) -- "Dish Bids $25.5 Billion For Sprint To Challenge Softbank." (Bloomberg News) -- In Iraq, "Deadly Bombings Hit Nasariyah, Kirkuk And Baghdad." (BBC News) -- FAA Orders Inspection Of Boeing 737s." (Reuters) -- It's Tax Day; "Tips For Procrastinators, And You Know Who You Are." (NPR)


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Question: Should American Jews Boycott West Bank Settlements?

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Journalist Peter Beinart grew up immersed in Zionism. His grandmother — who had to flee Egypt and then the Belgian Congo because of religious persecution — made sure that Beinart realized the importance of supporting Israel from an early age. "What my grandmother conveyed to me was the sense of the fragility of Jewish life in so many diaspora communities — the sense of rootlessness," he tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross. "She made it very clear to me that Jews should see Israel as a place that would take us in — the place of permanence, the place that could give us, even if we didn't go there, the psychological comfort of knowing there was a home if we had to be on the run." Beinart still supports Israel but thinks that the Jewish settlements in the West Bank, which now have more than 300,000 residents, are compromising Israel's commitment to democracy. In his book The Crisis of Zionism and in a recent New York Times op-ed, Beinart has proposed a boycott of goods made in those Jewish settlements. His thoughts on Zionism changed, he says, after seeing a video sent to him from Israeli friends. The video showed a Palestinian man being arrested after attempting to connect his village to water pipes in the West Bank, where there is a massive disparity in water allocation resources and where Jews are citizens of the Israeli state and Palestinians are not. "It had a powerful effect on me and it was one of a series of experiences that I would say led me to be willing to face ... the reality of what Israel's occupation is," he says. "It also made me concerned about how I would tell my own children [about] my love of Israel and try to make them devoted Zionists, while also not ignoring the reality of what happens when you hold millions of people for more than 40 years as noncitizens in the places in which they were born." A Boycott Of The Settlements Beinart has called for American Jews to embrace what he calls "democratic Israel" — the part of Israel that does not include settler-occupied territories. He has also called for a boycott of goods made in those settler-occupied areas, which he calls "nondemocratic Israel." "We have to invest and spend our money in the original Israel, which offers the right of citizenship to all people, but I don't think we should be spending our money in the West Bank, which is a territory where Israel's founding ideals are desecrated," he says. "I know that this is a controversial and painful suggestion for many Jews, because we feel ourselves to be part of something called the Jewish people. I feel that very strongly as well. I don't feel any hostility to Jews who live in the West Bank — I feel a strong sense of kinship with the entire Jewish people," he says. "But I do feel that we are sleepwalking towards the destruction of Israel as a democratic Jewish state, and we have to find ways of starting a conversation to rebuild the distinction that will allow Israel to remain a democratic, Jewish state." Reactions to Beinart's op-ed and book have been heated and emotional, he says. "In my own extended family, there are often very significant generational differences which flow from people's life experiences," he says. "What I have said to people who vociferously disagree with me is, 'We start from the same place: a love and dedication to the Jewish people and a deep belief that what makes Israel precious is that it's not just a Jewish state, but a democratic Jewish state.' " Beinart says he fears that Israeli policy is moving the country toward a place where the survivability of the current democratic Jewish state is questionable. "If you disagree with the proposal I've put forward, then please suggest to me how you think differently [about how] we can stop the process of subsidizing people to move to the West Bank that threatens Israel's future as a democratic Jewish state," he says. "We have to have that conversation. It may not be an easy conversation. It certainly should not be a conversation to the exclusion of Palestinian culpability, which there certainly is. But we have to have that conversation if we're going to fulfill our obligation to the next generation, which is to pass on a Jewish democratic state to them."  Interview Highlights On the terms 'nondemocratic Israel' and 'democratic Israel' "I call the West Bank 'nondemocratic Israel' to convey first that this is an area under Israel's control and that it's not a territory that lives up to the democratic ideals upon which Israel was founded. But there is a territory — Israel's original boundaries — in which Israel does make a real effort to live up to those ideals." On his fear that Israel is moving toward the creation of one state — Israel within its 1949 boundaries plus the territory of the West Bank "If Israel holds that territory permanently and does not give the right of citizenship and the right to vote to the Palestinians living there, it will no longer be fully a democratic state. If it does, it will no longer have a Jewis

L.A. Gang Violence Spurs Politicians to Action. Central Valley Farmers Put Their Faith in Hail Cannons.


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Question: Remembering Archie Moore

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Steve Futterman reports on the death of former boxing champion Archie Moore. Moore was 84 when he died yesterday.

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Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: Attracting Women to the Sciences

The California Academy of Sciences has held a seminar to attract young women into the male-dominated world of science. In January, Harvard University's President Lawrence Summers made controversial comments suggesting that innate gender differences prevent women from getting top science and engineering positions. Member station KQED's Rachel Martin reports.

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Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever