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Question: High Interest Payday Loan Lenders Target Vulnerable Communities During COVID-19

With millions of Americans unemployed and facing financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic, payday loan lenders are aggressively targeting vulnerable communities through online advertising. Some experts worry more borrowers will start taking out payday loans despite their high-interest rates, which happened during the financial crisis in 2009. Payday lenders market themselves as a fast financial fix by offering quick cash online or in storefronts — but often lead borrowers into debt traps with triple-digit interest rates up to 300% to 400%, says Charla Rios of the Center for Responsible Lending. “We anticipate the payday lenders are going to continue to target distressed borrowers because that’s what they have done best since the 2009 financial crisis,” she says. Following the Great Recession, the unemployment rate peaked at 10% in October 2009. This April, unemployment reached 14.7% — the worst rate since monthly record-keeping began in 1948 — though President Trump is celebrating the improved 13.3% rate released Friday. Despite this overall improvement, black and brown workers are still seeing elevated unemployment rates. The jobless rate for black Americans in May was 16.8%, slightly higher than April, which speaks to the racial inequalities fueling nationwide protests, NPR’s Scott Horsley reports. Data on how many people are taking out payday loans won’t come out until next year. Since there isn’t a federal agency that requires states to report on payday lending, the data will be state by state, Rios says. Payday lenders often let people borrow money without confirming the borrower can pay it back, she says. The lender gains access to the borrower’s bank account and directly collects the money during the next payday. When borrowers have bills due during their next pay period, the lenders often convince the borrower to take out a new loan, she says. Research shows a typical payday borrower in the U.S. is trapped into 10 loans per year. This debt trap can lead to bank penalty fees from overdrawn accounts, damaged credit and even bankruptcy, she says. Some research also links payday loans to worse physical and emotional health outcomes. “We know that people who take out these loans will often be stuck in sort of a quicksand of consequences that lead to a debt trap that they have an extremely hard time getting out of,” she says. “Some of those long term consequences can be really dire.” Some states have banned payday lending, arguing that it leads people to incur unpayable debt because of the high-interest fees. The Wisconsin state regulator issued a statement warning payday lenders not to increase interest, fees or costs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Failure to comply can lead to a license suspension or revocation, which Rios thinks is a great step considering the potential harms of payday lending. Other states such as California cap their interest rates at 36%. Across the nation, there’s bipartisan support for a 36% rate cap, she says. In 2017, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau issued a rule that lenders need to look at a borrower’s ability to repay a payday loan. But Rios says the CFPB may rescind that rule, which will lead borrowers into debt traps — stuck repaying one loan with another. “Although payday marketers are marketing themselves as a quick financial fix,” she says, “the reality of the situation is that more often than not, people are stuck in a debt trap that has led to bankruptcy, that has led to reborrowing, that has led to damaged credit.”  Cristina Kim produced this story and edited it for broadcast with Tinku Ray. Allison Hagan adapted it for the web. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: The Political Junkie

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I just saw Ken Rudin, walking down the hallway, wearing a necktie. A necktie! It must be Wednesday. And time once again for "The Political Junkie." As usual, we'll start with a trivia question. Then we'll plow through the news of the week: Sens. John McCain (R-AZ) and Barack Obama (D-IL) have given speeches on Afghanistan, Iraq, and the economy. The economy! Former wrestler -- and governor -- Jesse Ventura announced that he would not run for an open senate seat in Minnesota. And there's that magazine cover... Later in the hour, we'll talk about political put downs. What works? What doesn't? And why aren't there more of them? What is your favorite?

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Crank Caller; Tremendous History Month; The Hairball Group


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Question: New documentary examines the Darfur saga

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The subject of a new film on the genocide in Darfur talks about his work to keep the world's attention on the continuing violence in Sudan.

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Hear how listeners and readers of the blog reacted to recent conversations about the fate of jazz, racial profiling and the upcoming Olympic games in Beijing.


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Question: George W. Bush As President

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Guests:  Ken Herman <LEM>Capitol Bureau Chief, Austin American Statesman</LEM>    Lois Romano  <LEM>Staff Writer, Washington Post</LEM>  Following Vice President Al Gore's concession speech, George W. Bush begins the difficult task of transitioning from presidential candidate to President of the United States. But the question for many is...what kind of a president will George W. Bush be? Join Juan Williams and guests for a discussion of his record as Texas governor and his new role as U.S. President.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: A Touching Candidac, What Is Winning? and Captain Catheter.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, the piece that's been called the Great American Symphony: the Symphony No. 3 by Aaron Copland.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Peak Summer Arrives Early With Big Dipper's Bubbly, Velvety 'LaCroix Boi'

Seltzer fans of the world rejoice, our summer soundtrack has arrived. Queer Chicago rapper Big Dipper has released an ode to LaCroix, the flavored water beloved by hip millennials and midwestern moms — like his — alike. "LaCroix Boi" is a smooth, R&B jam about seduction by way of sparkling water; just try not to be charmed by Big Dipper's passionate pronunciation of "pamplemousse." (His passion for the product matches that of Nick A. Caporella, chairman of LaCroix's parent company, judging by the last slide of this document.) The accompanying video has it all — neon lighting, slow-motion water pouring, seltzer-loving studs. It also features a cameo from drag queen Alaska Thunderf*** of RuPaul's Drag Race fame, who is also no stranger to flawlessly campy rap. As debates about 2017's song of the summer emerge, you can keep your chart-toppers, I'll take an ice cold LaCroix with the bois, thanks.

Maxmillian Dunbar: Polo Blondes: Synthesist Nicolas Jaar: Keep Me There Steffi: Yours Maya Jane Coles: Nobody Else Rocketnumbernine: Matthew and Toby Francesco Tristano: Idiosynkrasia Factory Floor: Real Love (Optimo Remix)


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Question: The Economics Of Health Care (Australian Style)

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Peter writes:  Watching the US health care debate from a distance, with the context of the Australian system on my mind, one question keeps coming up: why does it cost so much more in the USA?   The pharmaceutical benefit scheme (PBS) ensures that no matter how much a particular medication costs, the most I will pay is $33-$35/month. The PBS is set up around the very idea that the patient shouldn't have an interest in the cost of a medication. If the most appropriate medication costs twice as much as something that will kind of do the job, the government will cover the difference.   Medicare, which covers all Australians, will pay doctors for each consultation. This is a little misleading as the scheduled fees set by the government are generally low, so usually an out of pocket expense is incurred. There are doctors who charge only the scheduled amount (bulk bill) but these generally feel like a McDonald's drive through, with each appointment lasting 5-7 minutes. I prefer to have 15 -20 minutes set aside for the appointment, so I pay an extra $22.  Read More >>  I've seen footage of people complaining (often quite loudly) that the USA is about to become some kind of socialist, commy, pinko nightmare. My only experience is socialized medicine and it works very well in Australia. If it weren't for the medication I could keep my out of pocket expenses at nil, but I've chosen to pay more for some services and make use of the private system if I ever need to go to hospital.   These are my costs:   Consultations:GP (5-6 visits yr): $22 (govt pays additional $33)Specialist (1 visit/yr): $0 (govt pays additional $60ish) -- bulk billed(GP costs can change in my case. Frequently, if I only need a new script the GP will bulk bill because it only takes three minutes.My specialist now charges an out of pocket expense for new patients, as a long term patient I've been grandfathered.)   Private Health Insurance (hospital cover): $65/month (govt pays additional $27)   Average cost: $1061/year

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: A 'New Moon' Destined For A Quick Eclipse

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Stephenie Meyers' four-novel Twilight saga set off a rage for lovelorn teen vampires ---one that only escalated after the release of the first hit movie. The second film, New Moon, set box-office records for advance sales, but critic David Edelstein says it's too turgid for the excitement to last.

Stories: 1) Jeffrey Gettleman: Reporting From Mogadishu 2) 'Pearl Buck In China': A Child Across The Good Earth 3) Slow 'Eclipse' Knows Just How To Stalk Its Target


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Question: Francis Collins: A Scientist's Case for God

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Scientist Francis Collins makes a case for the existence of God in his book The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief. Collins, an evangelical Christian, headed the National Human Genome Research Project. This broadcast originally aired March 29, 2007.

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Stories: 1) 'The Gospel of Judas and the Shaping of Christianity' 2) 'How Doctors Think' 3) "The Other Side of You"


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, one of the most passionate and popular operas ever written, Giacomo Puccini's "Tosca."

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Question:
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For instance you may be given '['', 'Focus On Technology from 91.7 WVXU']' and it should match with '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'After a summer of sitting on tarmacs, airline passengers are demanding better service. In Focus on Technology Ann Thompson reports on state of the art GPS systems designed to diminish delays.']' but not with '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR:', 'Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.']'.

Question: Ballot Measure Backers Take Lessons from Ad Industry

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As the State Legislature convenes its new 2-year session, lawmakers will begin discussions on how to implement the $42 billion in public works bonds approved by voters. The backers of the education bond Proposition 1D, borrowed many of their practices to the commercial advertising lessons of Madison Avenue.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: 'I'm So Proud To Have You As A Daughter'

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Mario Loiseau works two jobs, including long hours as a parking lot attendant, to help pay for his 9-year-old daughter Mabou's tutoring. Mabou is a science and language prodigy and is already studying college-level algebra. "So Daddy, how did you feel when I was born?" she asked her father during a recent visit to StoryCorps in New York City. "It was like a dream come true," he said. "I wanted a child forever, and you were my first and only born. You know, so, when I went to the nursery to see you, you were sleeping. You opened the eyes and look at me. Everyone was amazed, even the doctor said, 'You see the connection she make with you?' " Maybe that's why Mabou loves her dad so much. But still, she heard that Mario cried a lot the day she was born. "Yes, I did. Tears of joy. I was so happy to have you," he said. "It's like sunshine comes into our house. It's so nice to be with you. You always come up with some new questions." Mabou wonders if her constant questions annoy her dad, but he says it's not annoying it's challenging. "But Dad, why do you leave so much instead of staying here with me?" she asked. "That's what's more important!" Mario reminds her that he has to work. "Daddy works two jobs, so you're going to have to go to my boss and ask him to give me days off," he said. Mabou said she will do just that. "OK, I know you will," he responded. "You know, I cannot be home all the time. But if I have enough time I will do four, five, 10, hundred jobs for your education. It's a joy to do that knowing that I'm doing that for you. Because I'm so proud to have you as a daughter." Audio produced for Morning Edition by Von Diaz and Emily Martinez. StoryCorps is a national nonprofit that gives people the chance to interview friends and loved ones about their lives. These conversations are archived at the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, allowing participants to leave a legacy for future generations. Learn more, including how to interview someone in your life, at StoryCorps.org.

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Rough Week, Persons of the Year, and Shut Up and Drive.

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Examples:

"['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "High School Football playoffs are underway in North Carolina.  Reporter Dave DeWitt prepared this audio postcard from the Hillside Hornets' first playoff game."]" == "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Friday Night Football']"

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: The Touchy-Feely Candidate; The Speaker Vs. The Speech and the Hurricane Irene Diet.


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Question: Election News from Around California

The November election is just over three weeks away, and Californians are starting to focus on politics. Writers for three newspapers talk about the key issues in their parts of the state.

Sex Offender Measures. Constitutional or Not?, Field Notes: Glossopedia, Grand Ole Opry Turns 80, Focus on Technology, Hollywood in Cincinnati


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Question: On This Day In 1987:  Sen. Paul Simon Launches Dem Prez Bid

May 18, 1987: Sen. Paul Simon of Illinois announces he will seek the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination. First elected to the Senate in 1984, the bow-tie-wearing Simon will run as an unabashed liberal. Before he decided to run, he had been behind an effort to persuade Sen. Dale Bumpers (D-AR) to seek the presidency. When Bumpers said no, Simon began to think about his own candidacy. Today in Campaign History is a daily feature on Political Junkie.

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Stories: 1) The Rhetoric That Shaped The Abortion Debate 2) Fresh Air Remembers Sen. Robert Byrd


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

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Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


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Question: Excerpt: 'Too Much Happiness'

Many persons who have not studied mathematics confuse itwith arithmetic and consider it a dry and arid science.Actually, however, this science requires great fantasy.--Sophia Kovalevsky On the first day of January, in the year 1891, a small woman and a large man are walking in the Old Cemetery, in Genoa. Both of them are around forty years old. The woman has a childishly large head, with a thicket of dark curls, and her expression is eager, faintly pleading. Her face has begun to look worn. The man is immense. He weighs 285 pounds, distributed over a large frame, and being Russian, he is often referred to as a bear, also as a Cossack. At present he is crouching over tombstones and writing in his notebook, collecting inscriptions and puzzling over abbreviations not immediately clear to him, though he speaks Russian, French, English, Italian and has an understanding of classical and medieval Latin. His knowledge is as expansive as his physique, and though his specialty is governmental law, he is capable of lecturing on the growth of contemporary political institutions in America, the peculiarities of society in Russia and the West, and the laws and practices of ancient empires. But he is not a pedant. He is witty and popular, at ease on various levels, and able to live a most comfortable life, due to his properties near Kharkov. He has, however, been forbidden to hold an academic post in Russia, because of being a Liberal. His name suits him. Maksim. Maksim Maksimovich Kovalevsky. The woman with him is also a Kovalevsky. She was married to a distant cousin of his, but is now a widow. She speaks to him teasingly. "You know that one of us will die," she says. "One of us will die this year." Only half listening, he asks her, Why is that? "Because we have gone walking in a graveyard on the first day of the New Year." "Indeed." "There are still a few things you don't know," she says in her pert but anxious way. "I knew that before I was eight years old." "Girls spend more time with kitchen maids and boys in the stables--I suppose that is why." "Boys in the stables do not hear about death?" "Not so much. Concentration is on other things." There is snow that day but it is soft. They leave melted, black footprints where they've walked. She met him for the first time in 1888. He had come to Stockholm to advise on the foundation of a school of social sciences. Their shared nationality, going so far as a shared family name, would have thrown them together even if there was no particular attraction. She would have had a responsibility to entertain and generally take care of a fellow Liberal, unwelcome at home. But that turned out to be no duty at all. They flew at each other as if they had indeed been long-lost relatives. A torrent of jokes and questions followed, an immediate understanding, a rich gabble of Russian, as if the languages of Western Europe had been flimsy formal cages in which they had been too long confined, or paltry substitutes for true human speech. Their behavior, as well, soon overflowed the proprieties of Stockholm. He stayed late at her apartment. She went alone to lunch with him at his hotel. When he hurt his leg in a mishap on the ice, she helped him with the soaking and dressing and, what was more, she told people about it. She was so sure of herself then, and especially sure of him. She wrote a description of him to a friend, borrowing from De Musset. He is very joyful, and at the same time very gloomy-- Disagreeable neighbor, excellent comrade-- Extremely light-minded, and yet very affected-- Indignantly naive, nevertheless very blase-- Terribly sincere, and at the same time very sly. And at the end she wrote, "A real Russian, he is, into the bargain." Fat Maksim, she called him then. "I have never been so tempted to write romances, as when with Fat Maksim." And "He takes up too much room, on the divan and in one's mind. It is simply impossible for me, in his presence, to think of anything but him." This was at the very time when she should have been working day and night, preparing her submission for the Bordin Prize. "I am neglecting not only my Functions but my Elliptic Integrals and my Rigid Body," she joked to her fellow mathematician, Mittag-Leffler, who persuaded Maksim that it was time to go and deliver lectures in Uppsala for a while. She tore herself from thoughts of him, from daydreams, back to the movement of rigid bodies and the solution of the so-called mermaid problem by the use of theta functions with two independent variables. She worked desperately but happily, because he was still in the back of her mind. When he returned she was worn out but triumphant. Two triumphs--her paper ready for its last polishing and anonymous submission; her lover growling but cheerful, eagerly returned from his banishment and giving every indication, as she thought, that he intended to make her the woman of his life. The Bordin Prize was what spoiled them. So Sophia believed. She herself was take

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"['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'An ensemble of musicians gathered at the 1996 Spoleto Festival USA performs the introduction to the opera "Capriccio" by Richard Strauss. The members of the St. Lawrence String Quartet, violist Nokuthula Ngwenyama (noo-koo-TOO-lah en-gwen-YAH-mah) and cellist Andres Diaz were recorded last Friday at the Dock Street Theatre in Charleston, South Carolina, during the Festival\'s opening concert. (Sound-on-Site Recordings)']" == "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'An Ensemble Of Musicians']"


Question: Gays in the Military

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Scott talks with Michelle Beneke of the Service Members Legal Defense Network about new regulations regarding gays in the military.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: 'Remain In Mexico' Policy For Asylum-Seekers Is Reinstated By The Supreme Court

The high court dealt a blow to the White House's efforts to cancel a Trump-era immigration program. Immigration advocates said it is a dangerous policy for thousands seeking humanitarian aid.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- After Four Years, Chinese Dissident Artist Ai Weiwei Gets His Passport Back. -- Loops, Glitches Raise Questions About Dash Cam Video. And here are more early headlines: Critical Transportation Bill Stalls In Senate. (Politico) Congress To Get Briefing From Administration On Iran Nuclear Deal. (USA Today) Jury To Start Sentencing Phase In Colorado Theater Shooter Case. (NBC) Kyrgyzstan Ends Treaty With U.S. Following Diplomatic Row. (VOA) Burundi Counts Votes In Presidential Election That The U.S. Says Isn't Credible. (BBC) Armed Citizens Guarding Some Military Recruitment Centers. (AP) Navajo Nation Voters Loosen Language Requirements For Tribal Leaders. (Farmington Daily Times) Washed Out I-10 Freeway Bridge To Partially Re-Open Friday. (KJZZ) Scientists Believe They've Got Fragments Of World's Oldest Koran. (Time)


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Question: Friday News Roundup - Domestic

On Wednesday, the Federal Aviation Administration grounded all Boeing 737 Max planes operated by American companies or flying in U.S. territory, after a deadly crash involving a 737 Max aircraft in Ethiopia.
#FAA statement on the temporary grounding of @Boeing 737 MAX aircraft operated by U.S. airlines or in a U.S. territory. pic.twitter.com/tCxSakbnbH — The FAA (@FAANews) March 13, 2019   Why did the FAA wait so long to ground these jets? “I think that these two accidents will become incredibly important in the history of aviation safety. The reputation of the FAA has certainly been blemished for the short term,” Wall Street Journal reporter Andy Pasztor told us earlier this week. “I think the FAA has not fully understood that the world and the reaction to crashes around the globe has changed. They failed to understand that out of an abundance of caution, so many countries took the unilateral step of putting these planes on the ground.” Now, an international investigation is underway in France. If investigators are able to extract data from the aircraft, they’ll gain insight into “what the pilots were doing, saying and what commands they were putting into the system and how the plane was reacting to that,” Pasztor said. That’s only one of several investigations we’ve been following this week. On Wednesday, former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort was sentenced to 7.5 years in prison — an additional 43 months on top of his original sentence for charges of federal conspiracy and obstruction. “I am sorry for what I’ve done,” Manafort told the courtroom, changing his tack from the last hearing. “Let me be very clear, I accept the responsibility for the acts that caused me to be here today.” But Manafort’s legal troubles might not stop there. From CNN:  The biggest surprise came moments after the hearing adjourned, when the Manhattan district attorney revealed a new case against Manafort involving alleged business and mortgage fraud offenses in violation of New York state law — a set of 16 charges for which, if he is found guilty, could not be pardoned by President Donald Trump, who only has power over federal cases. Manafort has not yet appeared in court for that case.  Meanwhile, Andrew Weissmann, a prominent member of Robert Mueller’s special counsel investigation into the 2016 election, will leave the team and the Justice Department, according to two sources who spoke to NPR’s Carrie Johnson. Does this mean the Mueller investigation is wrapping up? And if so, will the report be made available to the public? In the midst of increasing calls for President Trump’s impeachment, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi elaborated on her position this week. “I’m not for impeachment,” she told The Washington Post. “Impeachment is so divisive to the country that unless there’s something so compelling and overwhelming and bipartisan, I don’t think we should go down that path, because it divides the country. And he’s just not worth it.” And in 2020 campaign news, Beto O’Rourke — former Texas congressman and senatorial candidate — has thrown his hat in the presidential ring. We’re wrapping the week in domestic news. Text by Kathryn Fink. GUESTS Abby Phillip, White House correspondent, CNN; @abbydphillip Reid Wilson, National correspondent, The Hill; @PoliticsReid Julie Pace, Washington bureau chief, The Associated Press; @jpaceDC For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Nobel Peace Prize Winner Wangari Matthai

A discussion with Nobel Peace Prize-winning biologist Wangari Matthai. (pre-recorded)

Stories: 1) Veteran Peacemakers O'Malley, Maharaj on Iraq 2) Nuala O'Faolain, Journalist and Author, Dead at 68


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Question: Quicktake Northwest 10-6-06

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OPB's morning podcast of top news stories from around the Pacific Northwest.

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Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Question: Trucking Pays Off With Position For Recent Grad

NPR profiled a number of students who graduated this spring and entered what was perhaps the toughest, most uncertain job market in generations. Here, we update the series, with a look at how one grad fared in his quest for work. After sending out nearly 200 applications since his graduation this spring, Christopher Self, of Rapid City, S.D., finally landed a job. Self, an Air Force veteran, says he was getting worried he would not find work in his field -- supply chain logistics. But then in mid-September, he received his first real job offer. To start his new career, he will have to move from Rapid City to Omaha, Neb. So, on a recent Friday night, his friends packed themselves into his small house to relive some college memories, enjoy a few beers and say goodbye. "It is a dream job for me in my dream career field, so I'm pretty stoked -- pretty excited about it," Self says. Out Of The Driver's Seat Before the job offer, he worked long hours as a truck driver to help make ends meet while in school. But now he's moving out of the truck driver's seat and into a corporate office chair. Self's new job is with the same trucking company he's been driving for over the past several years, Amcon Distributing Company. He will oversee the management of the entire fleet of trucks. "To be honest, some of the best connections I had were the networking connections," Self says. The Importance Of Face Time, Tenacity More and more in a difficult economy, the face-to-face relationship is the one that makes the difference, according to job placement specialists. "Companies hire people they know. They hire people who have experience in the field. So [Self] took advantage of both of those things," says Peggy Schlechter, dean of students at National American University -- the for-profit college Self attended. She says taking a blue-collar job in the same field you want a white-collar career is a good way to get a foot in the door. But Schlechter warns that it still takes some tenacity to land a dream job. "The job market now is tougher than it used to be, but there are jobs that are still out there," she says. "It might just take a little longer and a little more diligence." But diligence only goes so far. Recent Grads Still 'Stuck In Neutral' The unemployment rate for people with college degrees is less than half the national rate, but young people just out of school are still facing the toughest job market in a generation. The unemployment rate for recent college graduates is not likely to make any sort of quick turnaround, says Josh Bivens of the Economic Policy Institute in Washington, D.C., who has co-authored a paper on the job prospects for young adults in this recession. He says the prospects for these young men and women are "pretty much following the rest of the labor market, in that it's been stuck in neutral for about the past eight or nine months. And there is no sign of improvement." Expensive education and training sometimes do not help with job searches, Bivens says, noting that young college graduates have not been able to buy themselves out of the bad labor market. He says the unemployment rate for college grads won't improve until the economy begins to grow. Unlike many recent grads, Self doesn't have any debt. As a veteran, the military paid for his degree. So he felt obligated to taxpayers who covered his education to keep the job search going. "From some of the predictions I was hearing from some of the industry experts, it was up to a year that I should be job hunting," he says. Self knows he's lucky. For a large number of recent graduates who are still searching for jobs, there is no reason to party. ARI SHAPIRO, host:  The unemployment rate for people with college degrees is far lower than the national average. But young people just out of university are still facing the toughest job market in a generation. This past spring, we brought you a series of reports profiling new college graduates.  South Dakota Public Broadcastings Charles Michael Ray has this update.  CHARLES MICHAEL RAY: After sending out nearly 200 applications, Christopher Self of Rapid City, South Dakota, finally landed a job.  (Soundbite of party)  RAY: This is Selfs going-away party. His friends have packed themselves into a small house to relive some old college memories, and to enjoy a few beers. Self is leaving Rapid City, where he went to school, and heading to Omaha, Nebraska, to start his new career.  Mr. CHRISTOPHER SELF (College Graduate): It is a dream job for me in my dream career field, so Im pretty stoked, pretty excited about it.  RAY: Before the job offer, Self worked long hours as a truck driver to help make ends meet while in school. But now, hes moving out of the truck drivers seat and into a corporate office chair. His new job is with the same company hes been driving for. Hes going to oversee the management of the entire fleet of trucks, and its a job he says is tailor-made for his degree in international business. H

State to Impose New Emissions Rules for Small Engines. Solar Initiative Launches January 1. End Music.


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Question: Josh Ritter With Amanda Shires And Jason Isbell: Tiny Desk Concert

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Josh Ritter came to the Tiny Desk with the enthusiasm of a young child and the wisdom of an old soul. He arrived armed with a message and musical soulmates, Amanda Shires on fiddle and Jason Isbell on acoustic guitar. Both play on Josh's 2019 album Fever Breaks; in fact, Jason produced the record. This is Josh Ritter's second appearance at the Tiny Desk; his first was on Valentine's Day 2011. On this day, his heart was on America. Each song was filled with frustrations regarding the treatment of refugees, immigration, politics and our hearts. On "All Some Kind of Dream," he sings, "There was a time when we were them / Just as now they all are we / Was there an hour when we took them in? / Or was it all some kind of dream?" When the song ended, Josh stared into the NPR crowd. "I feel like the big thing that we all have to fight against is this notion that we're not all human beings," he said. "And they're trying to break us in every number of ways, all different little groups, and that we have no power, but we have power!" Then he, Amanda and Jason launched into another Josh Ritter piece of passion, "The Torch Committee," a song I believe is about evil and complacency. The trio ended with a new song, one I'd not heard before called "The Gospel of Mary." It imagines Joseph, Mary and their child as refugees. Honestly, it was a draining concert with challenges to who we are and who, as a country and a people, we wish to be. As the applause faded Josh hugged his bandmates, thanked the crowd, smiled and said, "America, we love you, but you've gotta change!" Music can do that, and Josh Ritter is an agent for that change. SET LIST  "All Some Kind of Dream" "The Torch Committee" "The Gospel of Mary"  MUSICIANS Josh Ritter: vocals, guitar; Amanda Shires: vocals, violin; Jason Isbell: guitar CREDITS Producers: Bob Boilen, Morgan Noelle Smith; Creative Director: Bob Boilen; Audio Engineer: Josh Rogosin; Videographers: Morgan Noelle Smith, Maia Stern, Beck Harlan; Associate Producer: Bobby Carter; Executive Producer: Lauren Onkey; VP, Programming: Anya Grundmann; Photo: Emily Bogle/NPR

The Good The Bad The Queen, Explosions in the Sky, Tom Brosseau, more. With host Bob Boilen.


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Question: Pakistani Journalist Hamid Mir

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Forum talks to Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir, the only one to have interviewed Osama bin Laden after the events of September 11, 2001.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: 'The Man In The High Castle' Returns To Amazon For Season 2

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The show imagines what it would be like if the axis countries had won World War II, and America was divided between Germany and Japan. The show's heroes struggle against totalitarianism.

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Stories: 1) Mike Judge: Mining Comic Joy From Workplace Pain 2) Mad Mel, Approaching The 'Edge Of Darkness' Again 3) Changing The 'Game,' But Not For The Better


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E.g. "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'Memo To The Rest of You...']" == "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿\n\nThe March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]']" != "['', "Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...\xa0 Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro"]"

Question: The challenge of affordable housing

As the Metropolitan Council requires Twin Cities communities to build thousands of units of affordable housing, cities and residents raise concerns about sharing the burden and the opportunity.

How the once fairly-stable business of public utilities is changing.


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Question: They Might Be Kids' Tunes

For the first time in 20 years of music-making, the duo known as They Might Be Giants, John Flansburgh and John Linnell, has put out a CD for children. The musicians tell NPR's Robert Siegel about the CD No!, which pairs computer animation with tunes such as "Where Do They Make Balloons?" and "I Am a Grocery Bag." (8:00) See http://www.giantkid.net/indexKill.html.

Stories: 1) Peter Sagal, Exploring 'Vice' So We Don't Have To 2) A Chorus of Movie Musicals Reprised on DVD


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Question: Daily Fantasy Sports Under Threat As Several States Weigh Regulations

States across the country are weighing regulations for daily fantasy sports, which could temper the relatively new industry's explosive growth.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Rock critic Ken Tucker

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Rock critic Ken Tucker reviews Don't Worry About Me, the posthumously  released CD from Joey Ramone. The lead singer of the punk band the Ramones died  last April at the age of 49.

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With a special birthday hello for Charlton Heston, Luke Burbank's Hollywood hero.


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Question: Simon Rattle Conducts The

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Simon Rattle conducts the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert performance of the Symphony No. 86 in D by Haydn. (German Radio, Berlin/European Broadcasting Union) 26:27               *

From the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara, Gisele Ben-Dor conducts a performance of the Prelude to the opera "Die Meistersinger" by Wagner. (Opus One Productions)


Question:
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For example, '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "'These Are The Guys Who Are Kicking Our Ass?'"]' should have a representation like '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'After hearing our recent stories on India\'s economy, Planet Money listener Tom O\'Brien sent us this picture, and the story that goes with it. He writes:  About four years ago I had a   checkerboard but no chess pieces. So I went on eBay and ordered,  from the  Yiperoo company in Varanasi,  India, a set of   hand-carved chess pieces.  Read More: "Internet commerce by way of the East India Company"  The packaging is rough-woven cloth, hand  stitched, including the shipping information sewn on. That red stuff on the  seams: sealing wax. Originally it had the odor of grass, which tells me that the  packing material is not bubble wrap. \xa0The package is so amazing that I never  opened it. It is an artifact that’s hard to fathom, Internet commerce by way of  the East India Company. \xa0My very first thought when I saw this was, “These are  the guys who are kicking our ass?” I have to admit, I wanted chess  pieces, but I don’t play chess. You can’t get lucky playing chess. The package  itself is more interesting than what I know of its contents. I occasionally  wonder what other amusement would be had from the innards of the thing, but I  doubt I’ll ever know.']' but very far from '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', "Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball"]'.

Question: Tying Refugee Asylum to Geopolitics

Two asylum-seekers recently met different fates: A North Korean refugee was welcomed by President Bush, while a Chinese man seeking asylum in Australia was denied. NPR Senior News Analyst Daniel Schorr says the lack of an outcry over the Chinese man is due to the United States' dependence on China's cooperation on diplomatic and economic issues.

Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'


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Question: Chaser, Credited With Being The World's Smartest Dog, Dies

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The dog was trained by John Pilley, who died last year, to understand more than a thousand nouns. A portion of a street in Spartanburg, S.C., will be named Chaser the Border Collie Boulevard.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- NATO Says It Stands With Turkey In Fight Against ISIS. -- In Libya, Gadhafi's on, Saif Al-Islam, Is Sentenced To Death In Absentia. -- Drawing A Line From The Chinese Stock Market To Your Wallet. And here are more early headlines: Some House Republicans Call For IRS Commissioner To Be Fired. (Washington Post) South Korea Says Its MERS Outbreak Is Over. (Wall Street Journal) There Are 22 Big Wildfires Burning In The West. (USA Today) Suspicious Packages Sent To Oregon Government Buildings. (East Oregonian) NTSB To Release Report On Crash Of Space Tourism Test Plane. (Las Cruces Sun-News) True Crime Author, Ann Rule, Dies; Had Worked With Ted Bundy. (Seattle Times) World's Oldest Giant Panda Turns 37 In Hong Kong. (AFP)


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

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In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

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Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: First Listen: ÌFÉ, 'IIII+IIII'

Note: NPR's First Listen audio comes down after the album is released. However, you can still listen with the Spotify or Apple Music playlist at the bottom of the page.  You can only hear something for the first time once. I don't mean to sound so obvious, but my first listen to ÌFÉ's debut album, IIII+IIII (pronounced Eji-Ogbe), was such an incredibly special moment that I wish I could repeat it over and over. From the first electronically treated vocal calling out to me like a 21st century Yoruban spirit to the Santeria drums that bounce around inside my head, IIII+IIII is a world conjured by artists who see beyond the horizon. The band is well schooled on the interlocking rhythms and voices of Yoruban devotional singing, and they treat it with the respect and awe it deserves. But it's what ÌFÉ does with and to those traditions that unlocked all the possibilities of the unknown for me. That first experience lasted the entire length of the album. I couldn't pull myself away from these familiar sounds expressed in ways I never dreamed of. And it will never happen again. But now the good news: Each new listen reveals things I didn't notice before, a slow luxurious step toward familiarity. Now I have my favorite moments. And soon this album will become one of those I can't figure out how I ever lived without. But nothing will surpass hearing IIII+IIII for the first time. Now, it's your turn.

Musician Heather Nova talks about a single from her latest album, South. (2:30) V2 Records, ASIN: B0000640MD


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Question: Government Drops Another Demand For Apple's Help With Unlocking An iPhone

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Provided: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "I guess you're aware of this milestone as much as I am -- This is one of the last ScuttleButton puzzles you'll be able to solve before Rielle Hunter's daughter turns two. Makes you think, doesn't it? And here's how to play. Every Friday on this blog, there are buttons displayed vertically. Simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) And don't focus on a political answer. It doesn't necessarily have to be political, though it could be. A correct answer chosen at random gets his or her name in this column. Personally, I can't imagine a greater honor. You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state -- you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. Here's the answer to last week's puzzle. And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be the first on your block to receive notice when a new puzzle goes up on the blog. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck, and happy Friday! P.S. I usually reveal the answer -- and announce the winner -- in this space on Tuesdays. So you should get your answer in by then."]" Match: "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "It's ScuttleButton Time!"]"

As it did in the San Bernardino terrorist case, the U.S. Justice Department has found another way to get through an Apple iPhone's passcode so it can access data on the device. This time someone has assisted investigators in a drug case in Brooklyn, N.Y. This is what the Justice Department told the court late on Friday:  "Yesterday evening, an individual provided the passcode to the iPhone at issue in this case. Late last night, the government used that passcode by hand and gained access to the iPhone. Accordingly, the government no longer needs Apple's assistance to unlock the iPhone, and withdraws its application."  Apple has resisted any demands, saying if it needs to create new software to get past a device's security measures, that will create vulnerabilities for all iPhones, and giving any help could create a precedent for the government to make such demands again. Justice Department spokeswoman Emily Pierce says:  "As we have said previously, these cases have never been about setting a court precedent; they are about law enforcement's ability and need to access evidence on devices pursuant to lawful court orders and search warrants. In this case, an individual provided the department with the passcode to the locked phone at issue in the Eastern District of New York. ... This is an ongoing investigation and therefore we are not revealing the identity of the individual."  NPR's Aarti Shahani and Alina Selyukh have written about how a third party brought the FBI a way to bypass security in the San Bernardino phone, and they report the government asked for different kinds of help in the two cases.  "A comparison between the New York and the San Bernardino case isn't, well, apples to apples. The cases involve different types of iPhones that run different types of operating systems and require different types of technical assistance from the company. "After the FBI said it had unlocked — without Apple's help — the iPhone 5C running iOS 9 in the San Bernardino investigation, the bureau's ability to reuse its undisclosed unlocking method on other phones has been a major lingering question. "FBI Director James Comey said this week that the method, in fact, does not work on every iPhone. Specifically, he said it wouldn't work on the newer versions of the device, such as the iPhone 5S or iPhone 6. The case in New York involves an iPhone 5S running the iOS 7 operating system, which has older encryption technology. "The government says that for the New York phone, Apple already has the ability, in-house, to unlock that kind of device with that kind of operating system. And it's the kind of process that wouldn't require the company to write any new, special code that would undermine the phone's security features as in the San Bernardino case."

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Pentagon Says It Will Investigate Stray Arms Drop Over Syria. -- American Freed By North Korea Arrives Home. And here are more early headlines: Cameraman Recovers From Ebola In Nebraska Hospital. (USA Today) Indiana Police Search Empty Houses After Bodies Of 7 Women Found. (CNN) Congolese Wins Sakharov Prize For Efforts To Stop Rape As Tool Of War. (New York Times) U.S. To Announce Social Security Cost Of Living Increase For 2015. (AP) Apple's ICloud Service Hacked In China; Personal Data At Risk. (Wall Street Journal) Nearly 5 Million Faulty Airbags Recalled; Linked With 4 Deaths. (Washington Post) South Korea Takes Down Christmas Tree At Border With North. (BBC) New Jersey Woman's Pet Bobcat Is Missing. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: Obama Reaffirms Support Of NSA Programs

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Speaking at a White House press conference, the president acknowledged that some Americans might believe that the government can read their emails or listen to their phone calls. But President Obama insisted the programs are conducted lawfully, don't violate privacy rights and are critical to national security.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Putin Sees U.S. And Russia Working Together To Fight ISIS. -- Reports: FBI Arrests Turing Pharmaceuticals CEO Shkreli On Fraud Charges. -- LISTEN: Voices Of Baltimore Protesters In The Wake Of a Mistrial. -- Cheap Trick, Deep Purple, N.W.A. Picked For 2016 Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame Class. And here are more early headlines: House Lawmakers To Vote Friday On Huge Spending Bill. (The Hill) Defense Secretary Carter Used Personal Email For Some Government Work. (CBS) Switzerland Freezes Money Linked To Soccer Organization, FIFA. (Reuters) Greece Warns It May End Up Holding Thousands Of Migrants. (Financial Times) Confusion Over Whether Libya's Rival Governments Will Sign Treaty. (Guardian) Justice Department Opens Chicago Police Probe, To Meet Mayor. (USA Today)


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Question: Climate Change Update

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As delegates meet this week to discuss the Kyoto Protocol, it's not clear if Russia will ratify the climate treaty. In this hour, we'll talk about the current state of climate change science. Are policymakers listening?

 Guests:

  Eileen Claussen
 President of the Pew Center on Global Climate Change

 Tom Karl
 Director of the National Climatic Data Center at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

 Kevin Trenberth
 Senior scientist and head of the Climate Analysis Section at the National Center for Atmospheric Research

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Excerpt: The 5 Love Languages

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Given ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.\nOn Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]'], a positive would be ['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth:', 'Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan']

Chapter One What Happens to Love After the Wedding? At 30,000 feet, somewhere between Buffalo and Dallas, he put his magazine in his seat pocket, turned in my direction, and asked, "What kind of work do you do?" "I do marriage counseling and lead marriage enrichment seminars," I said matter-of-factly. "I've been wanting to ask someone this for a long time," he said. "What happens to the love after you get married?" Relinquishing my hopes of getting a nap, I asked, "What do you mean?" "Well," he said, "I've been married three times, and each time, it was wonderful before we got married, but somehow after the wedding it all fell apart. All the love I thought I had for her and the love she seemed to have for me evaporated. I am a fairly intelligent person. I operate a successful business, but I don't understand it." "How long were you married?" I asked. "The first one lasted about ten years. The second time, we were married three years, and the last one, almost six years." "Did your love evaporate immediately after the wedding, or was it a gradual loss?" I inquired. "Well, the second one went wrong from the very beginning. I don't know what happened. I really thought we loved each other, but the honeymoon was a disaster, and we never recovered. We only dated six months. It was a whirlwind romance. It was really exciting! But after the marriage, it was a battle from the beginning. "In my first marriage, we had three or four good years before the baby came. After the baby was born, I felt like she gave her attention to the baby and I no longer mattered. It was as if her one goal in life was to have a baby, and after the baby, she no longer needed me." "Did you tell her that?" I asked. "Yes, I told her. She said I was crazy. She said I did not understand the stress of being a twenty-four-hour nurse. She said I should be more understanding and help her more. I really tried, but it didn't seem to make any difference. After that, we just grew further apart. After a while, there was no love left, just deadness. Both of us agreed that the marriage was over. "My last marriage? I really thought that one would be different. I had been divorced for three years. We dated each other for two years. I really thought we knew what we were doing, and I thought that perhaps for the first time I really knew what it meant to love someone. I genuinely felt that she loved me. "After the wedding, I don't think I changed. I continued to express love to her as I had before marriage. I told her how beautiful she was. I told her how much I loved her. I told her how proud I was to be her husband. But a few months after marriage, she started complaining, about petty things at first-like my not taking the garbage out or, not hanging up my clothes. Later she went to attacking my character, telling me she didn't feel she could trust me, accusing me of not being faithful to her. She became a totally negative person. Before marriage, she was never negative. She was one of the most positive people I have ever met-that's one of the things that attracted me to her. She never complained about anything. Everything I did was wonderful, but once we were married, it seemed I could do nothing right. I honestly don't know what happened. Eventually, I lost my love for her and began to resent her. She obviously had no love for me. We agreed there was no benefit to our living together any longer, so we split. "That was a year ago. So my question is, What happens to love after the wedding? Is my experience common? Is that why we have so many divorces in our country? I can't believe that it happened to me three times. And those who don't divorce, do they learn to live with the emptiness, or does love really stay alive in some marriages? If so, how?" The questions my friend seated in 5A was asking are the questions that thousands of married and divorced persons are asking today. Some are asking friends, some are asking counselors and clergy, and some are asking themselves. Sometimes the answers are couched in psychological research jargon that is almost incomprehensible. Sometimes they are couched in humor and folklore. Most of the jokes and pithy sayings contain some truth, but they are like offering an aspirin to a person with cancer. The desire for romantic love in marriage is deeply rooted in our psychological makeup. Books abound on the subject. Television and radio talk shows deal with it. The Internet is full of advice. So are our parents and friends. Keeping love alive in our marriages is serious business. With all the help available from media experts, why is it that so few couples seem to have found the secret to keeping love alive after the wedding? Why is it that a couple can attend a communication workshop, hear wonderful ideas on how to enhance communication, return home, and find themselves totally unable to implement the communication patterns demonstrated? How is it that we see an expert on Oprah share tips on "101 Ways to Express Love to Your

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Stories: 1) Francis Collins on 'The Language of God' 2) The Language Changes with 'Time'


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Question: Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed

With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.
In comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Beer Giant SABMiller Rejects $104 Billion Takeover Bid From AB InBev

For Anheuser-Busch InBev, the third time was not the charm. After the Belgian beer giant boosted its offer to purchase SABMiller, its largest rival, SABMiller rejected the $104 billion cash bid Wednesday, saying AB InBev "still very substantially" undervalues the maker of Miller Lite and Coors. "SABMiller is the crown jewel of the global brewing industry, uniquely positioned to continue to generate decades of standalone future volume and value growth for all SABMiller shareholders from highly attractive markets," says SABMiller Chairman Jan du Plessis. With its roots in South Africa and its current headquarters in London, SABMiller's board unanimously rejected an offer Wednesday that values the company at 42.15 British pounds ($64.34). The board had already rejected two recent AB InBev purchase bids, including one on Monday for 40 pounds and an earlier offer at 38 pounds. The deal is being spurned one year after SABMiller was rejected in its own attempt to take over Dutch-based brewer Heineken — a move that was seen as being at least in part an attempt to hold ABInBev at bay. "AB InBev needs SABMiller but has made opportunistic and highly conditional proposals," du Plessis said earlier today, "elements of which have been deliberately designed to be unattractive to many of our shareholders. AB InBev is very substantially undervaluing SABMiller." Together, AB InBev and SABMiller produce more than 70 percent of the beer in the U.S. market, with AB InBev alone responsible for roughly 45 percent. The combined company would have annual revenues of around $64 billion. In proposing the takeover, Anheuser-Busch InBev says it wants to create "the first truly global beer company." "AB InBev is disappointed that the Board of SABMiller has rejected both of these prior approaches without any meaningful engagement," the company says. If it were to come to pass, the deal could have global repercussions for the beer industry — in the U.S. and also in areas where SABMiller currently dominates, notably in Australia and large sections of India, Eastern Europe and Africa. In some of those markets, the proposed new company would consolidate popular brands; in others, it would likely be forced to sell portions of its business to comply with government regulators' requirements.

Good morning - here are our early stories: -- 2 Million Syrians Are Now Refugees And More Are 'On The Way.' -- For Microsoft, Nokia's Phones Are 'Key To Everything'. And here are more early headlines: Administration Officials Start Pressing Congress On Syria. (CBS) Israel Conducts Missile Test In Mediterranean Sea. (Reuters) Brazil, Mexico Ask Whether U.S. Spied On Their Leaders. (Los Angeles Times) Vodafone Sells Verizon Wireless For $130 Billion. (USA Today) Microsoft Buys Nokia Devices And Patents For $7.2 Billion. (NBC) Former NBA Star Rodman Back In North Korea To See 'Friend' Kim. (The New York Times) London Skyscraper's Reflection Damages Car. (Financial Times)


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Question: 'Brilliant' Report On Obesity in African-American Girls Navigates Race

represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth For instance, <<['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'Swans - "My Birth" Bee Vs. Moth - "Tuesday in Tuskegee" Mary Halvorson Quintet - "Sea Seizure" Sea of Bees - "Willis" Syd Barrett - "Terrapin" Land of Talk - " Cloak and Cipher']>>  to <<['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Swans Return,Syd Barrett Remembered, Great New Jazz and Land of Talk']>>

Two reactions are common when a negative news report comes out about our own race or ethnic group. One, I want to know more, so I can confront the problem. Or, two, why are they pointing fingers at us? A recent report on Morning Edition about the high rate of obesity among African-American girls sparked both reactions. It's the latter one that is troubling. "I was once again appalled to hear about an issue that has nothing to do with race framed in a racial context," wrote Carolyn Casey, of Boston, MA. "The fact of the matter is that the lack of exercise increases EVERYONE'S risk of obesity, which is why over 60% of ALL Americans are considered overweight or obese." Listener Kwende Madu commented: "I would ask that NPR refrain from publishing stories that concern the African-American community as this only gives racist elements an excuse to vent their hatred. I have no doubt that this particular problem will be handled internally and the African community will emerge stronger much to the dismay of our enemies." So, was NPR derelict in its reporting, or did it do a disservice to the black community? Neither. Read More The concern among listeners that the news media too often focuses on the problems in a community, in this case African-American girls, is understandable and often correct. Issues about any community that need to be confronted tend to draw more attention among policy makers, journalists and the public than successes do. But this sometimes creates false overall impressions of the community involved and doesn't reflect the reality we see in our everyday lives. NPR editors seem to be conscious in their programming of the need to reflect the full range of American reality, but can always do more. That said, they and all the news media shouldn't shrink from bad news about any one group or try to falsely dress it up. This would be the greater disservice. The obesity story was a good example of race-related reporting. It was done for Morning Edition by Taunya English, a health reporter for WHYY in Philadelphia. Her story was part of a new year-long project in which NPR editors and Kaiser Health News train reporters from local public radio stations around the country and edit some of their stories to run on NPR. The purpose is to improve local health reporting. (Kaiser Health News is funded by the Kaiser Family Foundation but is not related to the Kaiser Permanente health insurance company). English also produces a series of health stories in a collaboration between WHYY and Philadelphia's only black-owned radio station, WURD. The series is titled "In the Gap: Voices from the Health Divide." After each installment, English said that she participates in a talk show on the black-owned station. This is community service journalism as it should be. The obesity story grew out of both collaborations, and fit in perfectly with a running NPR national series on obesity in the nation, according to NPR science editor Joe Neel, who manages the effort with Kaiser and local stations. It's true that Americans of all races face obesity concerns. Host Renee Montagne introduced the story with just that context. But as Montagne telegraphs and University of Pennsylvania epidemiologist Shiriki Kumanyika makes explicit in the segment, about 30 percent of white woman are obese but a significantly higher number—about 50 percent—of black women are. Different studies measure overweight issues in different ways, but the disparity is repeatedly confirmed. As Kumanyika says on air, weight within both groups has gone up proportionately over recent decades. Temple University Professor Clare Lenhart, also interviewed by English, cites a major, 10-year old study by the National Institutes of Health that associates the difference with exercise. As children, the differences are minor, but by the age of 16 or 17 years old, the report concludes, 56 percent of the black girls and 31 percent of the white girls reported no habitual exercise. The normal adolescent reasons—boys, appearance and the like—come into play for declining physical activity by both groups of girls as they become teenagers. But Kumanyiki notes that the African-Americans, many of whom live in urban areas, also have less access to sports facilities. A leading authority on African-American health issues, James S. Jackson of the University of Michigan, goes a step further and has found in a series of major studies that African-American women also are disproportionately stressed by income, family and neighborhood issues and so disproportionately eat "comfort food" for relief. The coping strategy seems to work on one level. He and others have found that black women suffer from psychological problems much less than white women. They also smoke and use drugs and alcohol much less, contrary to popular stereotypes. But the comfort food, which tends to be high in fat and calories, has its own downside—weight. African-American women disproportionately suffer physical ailments as the

News Headlines: Nov. 15, 2007 Talk About It:NPR: Redefining What It Means to Be Black in America -- "What may be the most important finding in the poll: 53 percent of black Americans now agree that 'blacks who can't get ahead are mostly responsible for their own condition.'" Read the poll's findings and tell us what you think. Nation:Retuers: House Defies Bush, Approves Iraq Troop Withdrawal L.A. Times: LAPD's Muslim Mapping Plan Killed The AJC: Cold Front Brings Rain; Governor Calls It an 'Affirmation' L.A. Times: Simpson Will Stand Trial Again World:AP: 15,000 Homeless in Chile Quake Guardian Unlimited (UK): Beauty Industry Failing Ethnic Women BBC: Mobile Phones Reach Uganda's Villages Health & Science:EurekAlert: White Children More Positive Toward Blacks After Learning About Racism, Study Shows Medical News Today: Latinos, Blacks Live Longer With Alzheimer's Chicago Tribune: War's Assault on the Mind Sports:New York Daily News: Stephon Marbury to Dish on Isiah Thomas? Op-Ed:David Broder: The Icebergs Ahead For the Democrats


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Question: New documentary examines the Darfur saga

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The subject of a new film on the genocide in Darfur talks about his work to keep the world's attention on the continuing violence in Sudan.

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Hear how listeners and readers of the blog reacted to recent conversations about the fate of jazz, racial profiling and the upcoming Olympic games in Beijing.


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Question: French Unions Strike Over Pension Plan Changes

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In France, unions plan to show their strength Tuesday during nationwide strikes and demonstrations. They are protesting President Nicolas Sarkozy's plans to overhaul pensions. He wants to raise the retirement age to 62 from 60.

Good morning, here are some of the stories we're following: Win For Wisconsin's Walker Seen As Blow For Democrats, Boost For GOP. Suicide Bombers Strike In Afghanistan; More Than 20 Civilians Killed. Syrian President Names Current Minister As New Prime Minister In Government Reform Process. (VOA) German Industrial Output Drops In April, Slowing Growth In Europe's Largest Economy. (Bloomberg) Vatican Lawyers Question Pope's Butler Over Stolen Documents In Leak Case. (Reuters) Two California Cities Approve Pension Cuts For Municipal Workers. (AP) More Mailed Human Remains Discovered In Canada, Police Search For Link To Earlier Case. (Vancouver Sun) Quebec Student Protest Leaders Say Tuition Demonstrations Won't Harm Montreal's Summer Festival Season. (CBC) South Carolina Guard Rescued, Hostage Situation Ends After 7 Hours. (CNN) Zippo Produces Its 500 Millionth Lighter. (AP)


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Given ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Friday News Roundup - Domestic'] it matches with ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'On Thursday morning, the Department of Justice released a redacted copy of special counsel Robert Mueller’s report about Russian meddling in the 2016 election. The 448-page report covers a range of topics, from Russian interference in the election to potential obstruction of justice by President Donald Trump. \nredactions, visualized pic.twitter.com/MBYokPlPat — AJ (@ajchavar) April 18, 2019   What have we learned? Here are some highlights from L.A. Times reporter Chris Megerian: \nThe special counsel examined whether there was a conspiracy. It didn’t look at “collusion,” which isn’t a legal definition. pic.twitter.com/NcOINH0Vfl — Chris Megerian (@ChrisMegerian) April 18, 2019   \nHere’s the key part on how Trump associates were not charged with a conspiracy with the Russians pic.twitter.com/iAxArX1ep2 — Chris Megerian (@ChrisMegerian) April 18, 2019   \nA lot of parts on WikiLeaks is heavily redacted. But it’s clear that the Trump campaign wanted to capitalize on the fruits of a Russian covert operation pic.twitter.com/27XVtT6Jfa — Chris Megerian (@ChrisMegerian) April 18, 2019   \nDonald Trump Jr. was at risk of campaign finance charges related to Trump Tower meeting. But the evidence wasn’t there, the report says. pic.twitter.com/NshJaorB2w — Chris Megerian (@ChrisMegerian) April 18, 2019   And here’s NPR’s ongoing analysis of the report. This week marked the 20th anniversary of the mass shooting at Columbine High School that left 12 students and one teacher dead. We looked at the legacy of Columbine during a special broadcast in collaboration with KUNC Public Media and Guns & America earlier this week. Reporter Leigh Paterson shared her work with us, which includes conversations with Columbine survivors, school administrators and activists. “Some of the reporting I’ve done should leave people with some hope,” she told us. “In spite of these shootings, evidence shows that school is one of the safest places your child could be.” We’re also following the latest on the threat that led over a hundred schools in Colorado to cancel classes Wednesday. Florida teenager Sol Pais, whom authorities said was “infatuated” with the Columbine shooting, was found dead after a wide-scale manhunt. Plus, we’ll bring you an update on the Trump administration’s immigration policy at the border. The Department of Justice will begin denying bond hearings to a large class of asylum seekers hoping to be released — a move that could affect tens of thousands of migrants. The decision, made by Attorney General William Barr, overrules a 2005 court ruling that guarantees bond hearings for certain migrants. And what to make of President Trump’s proposal to send detained immigrants to sanctuary cities? \nDemocrats must change the Immigration Laws FAST. If not, Sanctuary Cities must immediately ACT to take care of the Illegal Immigrants – and this includes Gang Members, Drug Dealers, Human Traffickers, and Criminals of all shapes, sizes and kinds. CHANGE THE LAWS NOW! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) April 14, 2019   We’ll wrap up the week’s domestic news. Text by Kathryn Fink. GUESTS Fernando Pizarro, Washington correspondent, Univision; @FPizarro_DC Lisa Desjardins, Correspondent, PBS NewsHour; @LisaDNews Shane Harris, Intelligence and national security reporter, The Washington Post; Future of War fellow, New America; author, ‘At War: The Rise of the Military-Internet Complex’ and ‘The Watchers: The Rise of America’s Surveillance State’; @shaneharris For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.'] but not with ['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details\n\n\nThe provided query could be "Scott Simon talks to Weekend Edition entertainment critic Elvis Mitchell about the difficulty comedies have had in getting recognition at the Academy Awards." and the positive "Academy Awards: Comedy"', 'Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.']

Question: Filmically Perfect: "DOUBLE INDEMNITY" (1944)

Phyllis (Stanwyck): There's a speed limit in this state, Mr. Neff. 45 miles an hour.  Walter (MacMurray): How fast was I going, officer?  Phyllis: I'd say around 90.  Walter: Suppose you get down off your motorcycle and give me a ticket.

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E.g. ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Ever since Alaska joined the union as the 49th state in 1959, the most remote parts of the most northern state have gotten a head start on the national head count. The tradition is set to continue with the 2020 census, which is kicking off next Jan. 21 in southwest Alaska\'s Toksook Bay. The small village on the Bering Sea has been selected as the first community to be counted for the census, the Census Bureau announced in October during the annual convention of the Alaska Federation of Natives in Anchorage. "We look for villages that are off the road system as a place to start the census here in Alaska," explains Carol Gore, a self-described "forever Alaskan of Aleut descent" who chairs the Census Bureau\'s National Advisory Committee on Racial, Ethnic and Other Populations. "When the ground is frozen" For most households in the U.S., the bureau is planning to start mailing out forms and letters for the upcoming head count a few weeks ahead of April 1, 2020, the official Census Day.  In rural Alaska, however, the mail system can be unreliable. More than 80 percent of communities in the state are not connected by roads or highways. One of the bureau\'s latest census innovations – an option to fill out an online questionnaire – throws another "curveball" at what\'s known as Bush Alaska, adds Gore, who also heads the Cook Inlet Housing Authority in Anchorage. "There are vast areas of Alaska that don\'t have good internet connection," she says. "They may have one computer in their community, and that\'s at the school." To meet the constitutional requirement of counting every resident, the bureau has learned that the key in remote Alaska is to have snow boots on the ground. Census workers have to be deployed months ahead of Census Day so they can knock on doors before the snow and ice are melting during the spring thaw.  "The best time to get to those communities is usually in the winter, when the ground is frozen [and] when you might have more than one means of travel," Gore says. "Often it\'s a combination of dog sled or snow machine travel or bush plane to get into a community." "One size fits all" does not apply While Alaska tops all of the states in terms of area, it ranks among the least populated with just over 710,000 residents living on more than 586,000 square miles of land, according to the 2010 census. Any shift in its population directly impacts how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes – as well as how much federal funding – the state receives.  Its longtime champion on Capitol Hill, the late Republican Senator Ted Stevens, pushed to make sure every Alaskan was counted, recalls A. Mark Neuman, who served as the Census Bureau\'s director of congressional affairs during the lead-up to the 1990 census.  "He wanted to impress upon us the importance of doing things differently in Alaska," Neuman says. "\'One size fits all\' did not apply in terms of the census to Alaska. That was the message from Senator Ted Stevens." For the first census of Alaska\'s statehood in 1960, the bureau trained school teachers by mail so that they could start conducting the census in their villages as early as January. Later, the bureau started hiring other local residents as census workers in what Neuman says was once considered a unique approach. "To make sure that the person knocking on the door for the census looked like and sounded like the person answering the door, that\'s how you get an effective count, a full count in the hardest-to-count communities," he says. "The luckiest people in the world" In Toksook Bay, that will mean hiring workers who can speak the local Alaska Native language, Yup\'ik, says Robert Pitka, tribal administrator for the Nunakauyak Traditional Council, which governs the Nunakauyarmiut Tribe of Toksook Bay. Pitka says he expects to see a bump up from Toksook Bay\'s 2010 population count of 590. That could bring in more federal funding for education and other public services in the village, which is made up of about 130 homes. "We have young families, and because our size is growing, there is more need in the village for housing," he explains. "Housing is very important."  Still, whatever changes the 2020 census will show, Pitka says he hopes the people of Toksook Bay will continue carrying on the traditions of their ancestors, who settled in the treeless, desert-like Alaskan tundra. "They survived for thousands of years, and we are here today because of them," he says. "When you look at the world and all the starving and suffering, I would say the Eskimos are the luckiest people in the world because we can survive off the land." "I should be here" For Diana Therchik\'s family, surviving in Toksook Bay requires spending summers fishing. "Each family fishes for herring, and once gutted, we braid them with grass and hang them to dry," Therchick, a lifelong Toksook Bay resident, explains. "That will be one of the staple foods for the whole winter." Unlike in some other rural Alaskan villages, Therc'] == ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Why The U.S. Census Starts In Alaska's Most Remote, Rural Villages"]

Film critic DAVID THOMSON and filmmaker and director JAMES TOBACK. They interview each other for a revival of round table discussion at "Spoken Word at the Algonquin" in New York city's famous Algonquin Hotel, and discuss the state of moviemaking and movie criticism today. THOMSON's latest book is "Beneath Mulholland: Thoughts on Hollywood and its Ghosts" (Knopf). TOBACK directed the movies "Fingers," "Exposed," and "The Pick up Artist." (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:


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Question: Fired Wells Fargo Employees Allege Attempts To Blow The Whistle

Wells Fargo's CEO has said the banking scandal was the the fault of some bad apples at the company who have been fired. But former workers are now speaking out and telling NPR they were "good apples," and they were fired, too. Some were fired after calling the company's ethics line repeatedly to complain about the gaming and fraud and oppressive sales culture at the company. And some say being fired by Wells Fargo a few years ago has badly damaged their careers ever since.

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Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: Reaction to Bhutto Assassination

In the wake of Benazir Bhutto's assassination, we hear reactions from Northern California residents of Pakistani background.

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Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: Scientists Create Vomiting Machine To Learn How Norovirus Spreads

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Norovirus is a huge public health problem, sickening as many as 21 million people a year in the U.S. But for all the gastric distress it causes, there are still some basic, unanswered questions about the virus. One biggie: When an ill person vomits, does norovirus become aerosolized? That is, can an ill person's vomiting launch tiny viral particles into the air, where they might waft into your mouth or onto surfaces that you would later touch? If you're now grossed out, you have good reason. Studies of the infection patterns that occur in outbreaks suggest that norovirus can indeed be aerosolized. And now there's some experimental evidence to add to that. Researchers at North Carolina State and Wake Forest universities wanted to know what happens to norovirus when it's vomited out. "We first talked to a gastroenterologist and looked through the literature about what's known about vomiting," says Lee-Ann Jaykus, a food microbiologist at N.C. State and an author of the study. Not as much as you might think, it turns out. So the researchers worked with a civil engineer to construct a one-quarter scale vomiting device based on what is known about pressure, volume and other vomit metrics. The device allowed the researchers to control the volume, viscosity and pressure of the simulated vomiting incidents. Jell-O instant pudding was added to make the lab vomit thicker. Then they ran a series of experiments, changing the variables to simulate a range of vomiting behavior. They even ran one series of incidents with post-vomit retches. Though they conducted the experiments in a sealed Plexiglas box under a biosafety hood, norovirus was still too dangerous to use. A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says. So the researchers enlisted a harmless stand-in, a bacteriophage that is often used in place of norovirus in experiments. Only a fraction of virus particles were aerosolized during a typical vomiting incident. But there were definitely enough to make you sick. The results appear in the journal PLOS ONE. Another recent study collected air samples from eight health care facilities during norovirus outbreaks and found viral particles outside patient rooms. "Taken together, they start to paint a pretty good picture of why norovirus is so atrociously infectious," says Andrew Pavia, chief of the division of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Utah and a spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Of course, though the researchers did their best to simulate human vomiting, they didn't do a complete mock-up of the human digestive system. (A robot named Vomiting Larry is more anatomically accurate, but is less precise with regard to pressure, says Pavia.) And while the bacteriophage was chosen because of its similarity to norovirus, it may not behave the same way when aerosolized, he says. Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: @katherinehobson

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language