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Question: From Medical Maggots To Stench Soup, 'Grunt' Explores The Science Of Warfare

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Science writer Mary Roach is not easily repulsed. While researching her latest book, Grunt, Roach learned all about the medicinal use of maggots in World War I. She also purposely sniffed a putrid scent known as "Who me?" that was developed as an experimental weapon during World War II. For Roach, it's all in the name of research. "I'm kind of the bottom-feeder of science writing," Roach jokes to Fresh Air's Terry Gross. "I'm just someone who is OK with being very out there with my curiosity." Roach's curiosity compelled her in previous books to dive deep into the science of cadavers, sex and digestion. Now, in Grunt, she examines the science of warfare — specifically some of the scientific developments that help prevent wounds from becoming infected, and improve the chances that soldiers will endure the heat of the desert and survive explosions.  Interview Highlights On combating the problem of diarrhea in the military  It's particularly serious among special operations service members — Army Rangers, Navy SEALs, people who are operating off the main bases in quite remote rural areas in villages where there isn't a safe water supply. They may be eating food that's been contaminated by flies, not refrigerated, so they're getting diarrhea at a rate that's twice what the average enlisted person is getting. And the average enlisted person — there was a study done, I think it was 2003 to [2004] and they asked people, "How often did you come down with diarrhea, and what kind?" Seventy-some percent had diarrhea — 40 percent bad enough that they sought medical treatment, and 32 percent were in a situation where they couldn't get to a toilet in time. You could imagine if you were a special operations team, like three or four people going to do some highly classified critical mission where you can't really stop and say, "Hold on, I got to go behind that rock." ... The researcher that I accompanied at Camp Lemonnier [in Djibouti] is Capt. Mark Riddle, who is with the Navy, and he's looking at a better treatment regimen for traveler's diarrhea, which can really put you out of commission for a while. He's looking at a one-dose regimen, rather than three or four days; it was something that you could take, and within the day start to be feeling better and be over it. On maggots used to clean and heal wounds during WWI  This was a battlefield in World War I, and there was a medical man, William Baer, with the French expeditionary forces, and he noticed that a couple of his patients had come in with these wounds on the legs and on the genitals. They had been out in the field for seven days. They'd been lying there, they were brought in, and the wounds were infested with maggots. ... Initially there was that revulsion of, "Oh my God we've got to clean them out." And they did clean them out, and then what he saw was this beautiful pink, new, fresh tissue that had grown in. The maggots had been impressively effective at debriding the wound — that is, eating the dead tissue — which is important in wound healing. You want to let the fresh tissue have a chance to grow. The dead tissue doesn't get blood; it doesn't heal. It stands in the way of healing. The maggots also seemed to prevent infection ... so it was this kind of miraculous feat that the maggots had achieved. And William Baer some years later, back in civilian life, he kept thinking about this and he thought, "I'm going to try this." There were some children with bone infections — it was TB infection of the bone — and he tried the maggots, and it worked. You can imagine that was a fairly brave thing to do, to place maggots in these children's wounds. But they were wounds that had not responded to other treatment or surgery, and it actually worked. There's work going on still today with maggot therapy, as it's called. Actually, the FDA has approved maggots as a medical device. ... I can actually tell you the Medicare reimbursement number for maggots. On the problem of using maggots in modern hospitals Not only is there a revulsion factor that you have to overcome with the staff — the nurses are going to have to go in — you're going to have to clean the maggots out after a couple of days. You don't want them to pupate, become flies, because you think, flies flying around a hospital is the last thing you would ever want, because a fly can spread disease from landing on material in the bathroom and then landing on a wound. It's the last thing you'd want in a hospital, so you have to be careful using maggots. ... They're not any old maggots. They're a particular kind of bottle fly. They're from a company called Medical Maggots. They come with a dosage card — it's something like five to eight maggots per such-and-such square centimeters. ... They come in a vial, kind of like drugs. You don't want to just sort of attract any kind of fly to come and lay eggs in a wound. That would be a little dicey. ... You need a prescription, though! On the usage of stink bombs during WWII

Stories: 1) Getting To Know The Animal Families Of 'Earth' 2) Robert Sullivan, In The Alleys With 'Rats' 3) Up Close And Personal With The Dung Beetle


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Question: Recalling a Summer at Tiffany

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In 1945, a young Iowan named Marjorie Hart spent her summer working for Tiffany in New York City.  Hart  talks with Liane Hansen about the best summer of her life, which she writes about in her memoir, Summer at Tiffany.

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Best Books of 2009: The Complete List

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Use the list below to browse NPR's Best Books of 2009 recommendations. Each critic's list is presented separately. Click on a book title to read an excerpt. Click on the article names (in parentheses) to read our critic's comments about the books. Recommended by Glen Weldon("The Five Best Books To Share With Your Friends") Conquest of the Useless by Werner Herzog, Hardcover, 306 pages, Ecco Books/Harper Collins Press, list price: $24.99 Asterios Polyp,edited by David Mazzucchelli, Hardcover, 344 pages, Pantheon, list price: $24.99 The Collected Stories of Lydia Davis, by Lydia Davis, Hardcover, 733 pages, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, list price: $30 The Supergirls, by Mike Madrid, Paperback, Exterminating Angel Press, list price: $16.95 Everything Matters!, by Ron Currie Jr., Hardcover, 302 pages, Viking/Penguin, list price: $25.95 Recommended by John McAlley("Big And Beautiful: Best Gift Books of 2009") Norman Rockwell: Behind The Camera, by Ron Schick, Hardcover, 224 pages, Little, Brown, and Co., list price: $40 The TOON Treasury of Classic Children's Comics, edited by Art Spiegelman and Francoise Mouly, Hardcover, 352 pages, Abrams ComicArts, list price: $40 A New Literary History of America edited by Greil Marcus and Werner Sollors, Hardcover, 1128 pages, Harvard University Press, list price: $49.95 Painting Today, edited by Tony Godfrey, Hardcover, 448 pages, Phaidon Press, list price: $75 The Sartorialist by Scott Schuman, Paperback, 512 pages, Penguin, list price: $25 Charley Harper: An Illustrated Life, by Charley Harper and Todd Oldham, Hardcover, 424 pages, AMMO Books, list price: $49.95 The TOON Treasury of Classic Children's Comics, edited by Art Spiegelman and Francoise Mouly, Hardcover, 352 pages, Abrams ComicArts, list price: $40 Science: The Definitive Visual Guide, by Adam Hart-Davis, Hardcover, 512 pages, DK Adult, list price: $50 Photo-wisdom: Master Photographers And Their Art, by Lewis Blackwell, Hardcover, 216 pages, Chronicle Books, list price: $50 Q&A's from Vanity Fair's Proust Questionnaire by Graydon Carter, Illustrated by Risko, Hardcover, 224 pages, Rodale Books, list price: $23.99 Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans edited by Sarah Greenough, Hardcover, 528 pages, Steidl, list price: $75 Recommended by Booksellers Daniel Goldin, Rona Brinlee and Lucia Silva("Season's Readings: Top Picks From Indie Booksellers") Recommended by Daniel Goldin The Hour Between, by Sebastian Stuart, paperback, 260 pages, Alyson Books, list price: $14.95 Await Your Reply, by Dan Chaon, Hardcover, 324 pages, Ballantine Books, list price: $25 Little Bee, by Chris Cleave, Hardcover, 288 pages, Simon & Schuster, list price: $24 Blame, by Michelle Huneven, Hardcover, 304 pages, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, list price: $25 Raymond Carver: A Writer's Life, by Carol Sklenicka, Hardcover, 592 pages, Scribner, list price: $35 Recommended by Rona Brinlee Bad Things Happen, by Harry Dolan, Hardcover, 352 pages, Amy Einhorn Books/Putnam, list price: $24.95 Going Away Shoes, by Jill McCorkle, Hardcover, 272 pages, Algonquin Books, list price: $19.95 Logicomix: An Epic Search For Truth, by Apostolos Doxiadis and Christos H. Papadimitriou, Art by Alecos Papadatos and Annie DiDonna, Hardcover, 352 pages, Boolmsbury USA, list price: $22.95 This Is Where I Leave You, by Jonathan Tropper, Hardcover, 352 pages, Dutton Adult, list price: $25.95 The Tree That Time Built, selected by Mary Ann Hoberman and Linda Winston, illustrated by Barbara Fortin, Hardcover, 224 pages, Sourcebooks Jabberwocky, list price: $19.99 Recommended by Lucia Silva The Paris Review Interviews edited by Philip Gourevitch, Paperback, 1982 pages, Picador, list price: $65 Vanity Fair's Proust Questionnaire, edited by Graydon Carter, illustrated by Risko, Hardcover, 224 pages, Rodale Books, list price: $23.99 The Pattern In The Carpet: A Personal History With Jigsaws, by Margaret Drabble, Hardcover, 368 pages, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, list price: $25 The Contact Sheet, edited by Steve Crist, Hardcover, 192 pages, AMMO Books, list price: $39.95 Wallace Stevens: Selected Poems, by Wallace Stevens, edited by John N. Serio, Hardcover, 352, Knopf, list price: $30 Recommended by T. Susan Chang("The 10 Best Cookbooks of 2009") The Pleasures of Cooking for One by Judith Jones, Hardcover, 288 pages, Knopf, list price: $27.95 Asian Dumplings: Mastering Gyoza, Spring Rolls, Samosas, and More, by Andrea Nguyen, Hardcover, 240 pages, Ten Speed Press, list price: $30 Clean Food: A Seasonal Guide to Eating Close to the Source with More Than 200 Recipes for a Healthy and Sustainable You by Terry Walters, Hardcover, 304 pages, Sterling Epicure, list price: $30 Gourmet Today: More Than 1000 All-New Recipes for the Contemporary Kitchen, by Ruth Reichl, Hardcover, 1024 pages, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, list price: $40 Stir: Mixing It Up In The Italian Tradition by Barbara Lynch, Hardcover, 352 pages, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, list price: $35 Mastering the Art of Chin

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Stories: 1) Primary Colors, Brighter than Usual? 2) Adrian Tomine, Drawing Delicately from Life 3) Believe It or Not, 'Lost' Returns for a New Season


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Question: South African Right-Wing

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Ed O'Loughlin (oh-LOCK-lin) reports from Johannesburg on fears of a new wave of right-wing violence in the wake of several recent bombings in two different parts of South Africa. A previously unknown Afrikaner group has claimed responbility for the attacks, which killed four people. At least some of the bombs appeared aimed at the Muslim community. Police have arrested two white right-wingers allegedly caught with explosives.

News Headlines: Jan. 30, 2007 Talk About It:AFP: Edwards Hands White House Race Over to Clinton, Obama -- "In a stunning decision Wednesday, John Edwards dropped out of the Democratic White House race transforming it into a straight fight between bitter rivals Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama." Related: Why He Never Caught OnFlashback: 'In It for Long Haul'More: Edwards Campaign Blog Read the political tea leaves on this one: to whom will Edwards' supporters go? Which candidate -- if either -- do you think he will endorse? Election 2008:New York Times: McCain Is Florida Victor; Giuliani Set to Exit the Race CNN: Jimmy Carter Praises Obama L.A. Times: Clinton 'Triumphs' in Florida, Sort Of Chicago Sun-Times: Obama Cuts Rezko Ties Nation:Fox TV (Kansas City): Black Homicide Rate Highest in Missouri Philadelphia Inquirer: State Police Urged to Add Minority Troopers AP: Study Ties Soldiers' Maladies to Stress World:AP: Hungry Haitians Resort to Eating Dirt New York Times: Dissident's Arrest Hints at Olympic Crackdown AP: Mike Tyson Stirs South African Protests People:Bloomberg: Jessye Norman Hosts Black Music Festival Op-Ed:Maureen Dowd: Seeing Red Over Hillary


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Question: Professional Holiday Decorators

Stressed-out hosts across California are hiring some extra help this year. Professional decorating services are not just for the rich and famous anymore — they're also for hardworking folks with little time for the holiday trimmings.

School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: If Critical Supplies Run Out, Here's How Hospitals Will Make Tough Choices

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If crucial medical resources such as ventilators are in short supply, hospitals are supposed to follow ethics protocols to decide who gets treated. But those rules vary, and aren't always clear.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- After Four Years, Chinese Dissident Artist Ai Weiwei Gets His Passport Back. -- Loops, Glitches Raise Questions About Dash Cam Video. And here are more early headlines: Critical Transportation Bill Stalls In Senate. (Politico) Congress To Get Briefing From Administration On Iran Nuclear Deal. (USA Today) Jury To Start Sentencing Phase In Colorado Theater Shooter Case. (NBC) Kyrgyzstan Ends Treaty With U.S. Following Diplomatic Row. (VOA) Burundi Counts Votes In Presidential Election That The U.S. Says Isn't Credible. (BBC) Armed Citizens Guarding Some Military Recruitment Centers. (AP) Navajo Nation Voters Loosen Language Requirements For Tribal Leaders. (Farmington Daily Times) Washed Out I-10 Freeway Bridge To Partially Re-Open Friday. (KJZZ) Scientists Believe They've Got Fragments Of World's Oldest Koran. (Time)


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Question: From A Recently Released

From a recently released CD, the American Brass Quintet performs two 16th-century English fancies--short instrumental works for no particular purpose but the pleasure they give--by John Ward and Anthony Holborne. (Summit DCD 181)

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: The Case Of The Pricey Frito

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Corn prices are falling, but the price of Fritos in the White House press corps break room is up by 20%. What's going on? Team Indicator is on the case!

Uncle Don's Ego; The 500 Million Dollar Man; Alexander Shamilton.


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Question: Clinton: Gadhafi Using 'Mercenaries And Thugs'

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton accused Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi of using "mercenaries and thugs" against his own people Monday as rebels said they thwarted an attempted aerial bombing of an eastern city. "Gadhafi and those around him must be held accountable for these acts, which violate international legal obligations and common decency,'' Clinton told the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva. "Nothing is off the table as long as the Libyan government continues to threaten and kill Libyan citizens." She called on Gadhafi, who has ruled the North African nation with an iron fist since 1969, to leave power "now, without further violence or delay." Gadhafi told the BBC on Monday that he would not step down, saying, "All my people love me." Echoing the angry and  dismissive tone he has exhibited throughout the crisis, Gadhafi accused the West  of abandoning Libya and said it had designs on  recolonizing the country. He challenged Western  leaders to produce evidence supporting claims that he was stashing  ill-gotten gains in foreign banks, saying he  would "put two fingers in their eyes. Assets Frozen In U.S. And Europe Clinton's remarks were  some of the Obama administration's strongest to date since rebellion and violence broke out in  Libya. After her speech, the Treasury Department said it was blocking $30 billion in Libyan assets under U.S.  jurisdiction. At the same time, the European Union tightened the screws of international pressure on Gadhafi by agreeing to sanctions including an arms embargo and asset freeze. EU ministers meeting in Brussels decided to impose the asset freeze and a visa ban targeting Gadhafi and two dozen family and government associates. The sanctions also ban the sale of tear gas, riot-control gear and other equipment that might be used for repression by Gadhafi. Germany went further, proposing to cut off all oil and other payments to Libya for 60 days to make sure the regime does not get more money to hire mercenaries to repress anti-government critics. EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, speaking in Geneva, said the European measures were intended to reinforce U.N. Security Council sanctions against Libya approved over the weekend. Europe's action was significant because it has much more leverage over Libya than does the United States — 85 percent of Libyan oil goes to Europe, and Gadhafi and his family are thought to have significant assets in Britain, Switzerland and Italy. Switzerland and Britain have already hit Libya with a freeze on assets. No-Fly Zone Under Discussion  Meanwhile, a rebel commander in the eastern city of Benghazi told NPR that his forces had repulsed an attempted aerial bombing there. Col. Tarek Saad Hussein, one of numerous Libyan military officers to defect to the opposition, said the rebels used anti-aircraft fire to force the bombers to call off the strike. "We are expecting another attack with bigger numbers of aircraft," he said. Hussein said government forces bombed a munitions storage in the town of Ajdabiya. There was no word on casualties. But state TV carried a statement by Libya's Defense Ministry denying any attempt to bomb the depot. Hussein also said pro-Gadhafi forces had recaptured Ras Lanuf, a town west of Benghazi that is home to a major oil refinery complex. The reports could not be independently verified. Fearing that Gadhafi might use aerial firepower to attack protesters, world powers were discussing the possibility of creating a no-fly zone over Libya. Human-rights groups say hundreds —  perhaps thousands — of people have died in nearly two weeks of unrest. Clinton said at a Geneva news conference that "we are actively considering" a no-fly zone, which would require the approval of the 15-member U.N. Security Council. While some officials raised doubts about how countries could enforce such an order, Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd announced his country's support for moves to establish a no-fly zone at the Security Council. "Guernica is known throughout the world for the bombing of the civilian population," Rudd told The Associated Press, referring to the massacre during the Spanish Civil War. "We have seen evidence of that in Libya. Let us not simply stand idly by while similar atrocities are committed again." British Prime Minister  David Cameron told Parliament on Monday that he has  not ruled out "use of  military assets" against Libya and that the U.K.  would help enforce a no-fly zone if necessary. "We must not  tolerate  this regime using military force against its own people,"  Cameron said. "In that  context, I have asked the Ministry of Defense  and the chief of the defense staff  to work with our allies on plans for  a military no-fly zone." In Washington, U.S. Sens. John McCain (R-AZ) and Joseph Lieberman (I-CT) said over the weekend that Washington should recognize and arm a provisional government in rebel-held areas of eastern Libya and impose a no-fly zone over the area — enforced

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: WikiLeaks' Assange In Court For Extradition Fight

WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange appeared in a London court Monday to begin his battle against extradition from Britain to Sweden over sex crimes allegations. Assange, wearing a blue suit, was flanked by two prison guards as the hearing opened at Belmarsh Magistrates' Court. Celebrity supporters Jemima Khan and Bianca Jagger and politician Tony Benn also attended the start of the two-day extradition hearing. Swedish officials want to question Assange about accusations of sexual misconduct by two women he met last year during a visit to Stockholm. His legal team — which has taken the unusual step of publishing the entire defense online — insisted that there is no need for an extradition warrant because Assange is "ready, willing and able" to cooperate with Swedish authorities, and that he offered to go to Scotland Yard or the Swedish Embassy for interrogation. Defense lawyer Geoffrey Robertson said Assange also is fighting extradition because Sweden is the only European Union country where rape trials are customarily held in secret. Assange's lawyers argued that their client cannot have a fair trial if the media and public are denied access. They also contended that the Swedish media and prosecution acted unlawfully — even with contempt — by revealing details of the investigation. The British lawyer representing Sweden, Clare Montgomery, countered that Swedish trials are based on the principle that everyone deserves "a fair and public hearing." She said that in cases where evidence is heard in private, it will often be published after the trial and recited in the judgment. Robertson said the WikiLeaks founder faces an allegation known in Swedish as "minor rape." "That is a contradiction in terms," he said. "Rape is not a minor offense." He said Assange had had consensual sex with his two accusers. Montgomery contested this, saying "the Swedish offense of rape contains the core element of rape ... the deliberate violation of a woman's sexual integrity through penetration." American officials are trying to build a criminal case against WikiLeaks after it published a trove of leaked diplomatic cables and secret U.S. military files. Assange's lawyers claim the Swedish prosecution is linked to the leaks and politically motivated. They pointed to the anger WikiLeaks has generated in the U.S. and noted how prominent American political figures have suggested the death penalty for people responsible for releasing the cables. Preliminary defense arguments released by Assange's legal team claim "there is a real risk that, if extradited to Sweden, the U.S. will seek his extradition and/or illegal rendition to the USA, where there will be a real risk of him being detained at Guantanamo Bay or elsewhere." The document adds that "there is a real risk that he could be made subject to the death penalty" if sent to the United   States. Under European law, suspects cannot be extradited to jurisdictions where they may face execution. Swedish officials deny any American pressure in the case. They said that if Assange were in Swedish custody, he'd have legal protection against extradition to the U.S. The hearing is due to end Tuesday. But Judge Howard Riddle could take several weeks to consider his ruling, which can be appealed by either side. Larry Miller and NPR's David Greene reported from London for this story, which contains material from The Associated Press.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Dozens Killed By Suicide Bomber In Yemen. -- Pakistan Threatens To Overshadow NATO Summit. -- Eclipse Of The Sun: Did You Fall Into The Ring Of Fire's Path? -- Let's Remember Robin Gibb By Saying It: Bee Gees' Disco Years Were Great. Other stories in the news: -- "White House Visitor Logs Provide Window Into Lobbying Industry," Lobbyists Are "Regular Presence." (The Washington Post) -- "Lockerbie Bomber To Be Buried, Controversy Lives On." (Agence France Presse) -- "Strauss-Kahn Faces 'Gang Rape' Inquiry." (BBC News) -- "Chen Guangcheng's Family And Friends 'Still At Risk' In China." (The Guardian)


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]


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Question: Women's Media Center

Women's Media Center -- Forum discusses the formation of a new women's media center and radio network. (pre-recorded)

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...A Beautiful Picture of Health, Airport Probes, Ladies Night and Day


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Question: 1812: The War That Forged A Nation

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Guest: Walter R. Borneman, Writer (archive from 10/25/04)

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Episode # 1983 Inventing the newspaper in seventeenth-century England.


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------

E.g. "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan']" == "['represent the following document', 'Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.\nOn Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]']" != "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.']"

Question: Matthew Moves Offshore After Dumping Torrential Rain On North Carolina

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Hurricane Matthew dumped more than a foot of rain in many parts of North Carolina. The heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding and prompted some dramatic rescues.

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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E.g. "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'A New Big Screen Venture']" == "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR:', "Straight from New York's Urbanworld VIBE Film Festival, entertainment veterans Bob Johnson and Tracy Edmonds talk about their new company, Our Stories Films, and their first release, Who's Your Caddy?  The comedy stars Big Boi, from the group OUTKast, who plays a rap superstar trying to gain access to a Southern country club."]" != "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Taco Truck Controversy. Fire Arts Festival. Hollywood Gentrified. A New Cathedral in Oakland.']"

Question: The Best of Car Talk

America's funniest auto mechanics take calls from weary car owners all over the country, and crack wise while they diagnose Dodges and dismiss Diahatsus. You don't have to know anything about cars to love this one hour weekly laugh fest.

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Listener Limerick Challenge

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The big floppy feet that scare children; what do you do 88,000 times in a lifetime?; understanding Rover at last.

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Personal Digital Assistants

NPR's Scott Horsley reports that sales of handheld computers are down sharply. Companies like Palm and Handspring are trying to revive the market by offering deep discounts on the pocket-sized organizers. The companies face a challenge, though. Many people say they are waiting for a new generation of wireless devices to become more available.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Fred Bass, Owner Of Landmark NYC Bookstore, Dies At 89

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Fred Bass took over The Strand bookstore in New York City from his father and spent most of his long life working in the store which he built into a literary landmark. He died Wednesday at age 89.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Live Blog: 5 Escape From Sydney Cafe After Being Held Hostage. -- Organization Behind 'Kony 2012' Set To Close Its Doors In 2015. -- Rare Northern White Rhino Dies At San Diego Zoo. And here are more early headlines: Falling Oil Prices Could Signal World Financial Uncertainty. (USA Today) Winter Storm Pummels Midwest; More Rain Headed For West Coast. (NWS) Early Script For New Bond Film Apparently Stolen In Sony Hack. (Variety) Building Collapse At Ecuador Power Plant Kills 13. (VOA) Creator Of Modern Baseball Cards, Sy Berger, Is Dead. (ESPN) Merriam-Webster Chooses "Culture" As Word Of The Year. (AP)


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Question:
California Songs: Michelle Shocked's "Come A
                Long Way"

After much globetrotting, Texas-born singer Michelle Shocked has made her home in Los Angeles. Her song "Come A Long Way" is a bittersweet love song to her adopted city, and it takes listeners on a motorcycle odyssey through L.A.'s diverse neighborhoods.

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Set List  "Dimes For Nickels" "Your Love (All That I'm Missing)" "Oil In My Lamp" "Signs & Signifiers" "Fire Bug" "Abigail Blue" "North Side Gal" "Wolf Teeth"


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'['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Dispute Over Key Jobs Stalls Iraq's Government"]' == '['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'Even though it\'s been nearly eight months since political rivals in Iraq came together to form a coalition government, key positions in that government have yet to be filled, and political infighting continues. At issue is the fact that Iraq\'s prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is backed by the country\'s Shiites, and his main rival, Ayad Allawi, backed by the Sunnis, simply cannot agree on who should run the Ministries of Defense and Interior. Over the weekend, Maliki, Allawi, and other key politicians finally sat down to try to hash it all out. Iraqi President Jalal Talabani, a Kurd, held a press conference after the meeting. His expression was not optimistic. "We have agreed to reactivate a committee," Talabani said. "This committee will prepare a list of proposals that can be discussed in two weeks\' time." In other words, it was a discussion about a discussion. Those who attended said it was very low on substance. The trouble started in March of last year, when the parties of Maliki and Allawi nearly tied in parliamentary elections. Then came months of fighting over who had the right to form a government. Once it was clear that Maliki had a large enough coalition in Parliament, and that he would become prime minister, the question was what would happen to Allawi. The United States pushed Allawi to stay in government, rather than form a traditional opposition, as in most parliamentary systems. Mahmoud Othman, a Kurdish member of Parliament, says that was a mistake. "They say, \'Well, let\'s all make the government together — a partnership government, power-sharing government.\' And then they enter the government without agreeing on the program, without agreeing on the details," Othman says. The problems are not just who will run the Defense and Interior ministries, but the role of a national strategic council that\'s supposed to be headed by Allawi. The council was proposed by the Americans as a way to have some checks on Maliki\'s power. But the council has yet to convene. Now, Othman says, most Iraqis — and many American policymakers — regret pushing for a power-sharing government. But, Othman says, it\'s too late to turn back now. The other problem, Othman says, is that Americans are so focused on the question of whether some U.S. troops will remain in Iraq next year that for them, the political stalemate has been moved to the back burner. In the end, he says, it\'s the Iraqi people who lose out. "The poor citizen is losing very much," he says. "He doesn\'t have enough services. He doesn\'t have electricity; he doesn\'t have security. And the leaders just go on meeting and meeting and talk and so on, and so we are in a bad shape, really." Away from the political meetings, protesters gather every week in Baghdad\'s Tahrir Square. Protest organizer Haidar Saeed says if there can\'t be a real opposition in Parliament, then the people should be the opposition. For every hundred protesters, though, there seem to be a hundred different problems: corruption, electricity shortages, the search for those who went missing during the war, unemployment and even the harassment of protesters. Two protesters can\'t even agree on who to blame for all their problems — America or Iran. A third says, "We don\'t need to bring down our government. All we want is what our government promised to give us."']' != '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music."]'

Question: Department Of Veterans Affairs To Pay For Robotic Legs

Eligible veterans with spinal cord injuries may soon be able to walk again. The Department of Veterans Affairs will now pay for robotic leg devices for eligible paralyzed veterans, VA officials tell The Associated Press. Dr. Ann Spungen, who led VA research on the device, told AP that the announcement represents a major shift in policy:  "The research support and effort to provide eligible veterans with paralysis an exoskeleton for home use is a historic move on the part of the VA because it represents a paradigm shift in the approach to rehabilitation for persons with paralysis."  Previously, the $77,000 cost of the device was prohibitively expensive for many injured veterans. This video from ReWalk, the company that developed and manufactured the robotic legs, shows how its "wearable robotic exoskeleton" works: The system allows people to stand upright and walk, and uses "wearable brace support, a computer-based control system and motion sensors," ReWalk says in a statement. The FDA approved the system in 2014 for home use. ReWalk says that the VA's decision means that veterans with spinal cord injuries can seek referral and evaluation at training centers around the country. Once an individual receives training, they'll be considered for a personal unit to use outside the center. "The policy outlines a sound process to educate, train and importantly, to provide individual veterans with a ReWalk Personal device so that they may walk at home and in the community," says ReWalk CEO Larry Jasinski in the press release from the company. "We expect this landmark national policy will substantially improve the health and quality of life of many veterans in the years ahead." But for most paralyzed veterans, there are more than just financial obstacles. NPR's Amy Held reported for our Newscast unit that the ReWalk "only works for certain paraplegics who meet height and weight requirements." That's only a fraction of the tens of thousands of paralyzed vets, she says. A ReWalk representative tells Held that the company has so far determined that 45 paralyzed veterans meet the criteria for the device and have begun the process of seeking enrollment in the program. AP spoke with Gene Laureano, a 53-year-old veteran who was part of a study on the robotic legs. Now, he's eagerly waiting for a response on his application for the system—and describes how much it meant to him during the study.  " 'The tears came down,' said Laureano, who was left paralyzed five years ago after falling off a ladder. 'I hadn't spoken to somebody standing up in so long.' " 'I just kept remembering the doctor told me it was impossible for me to walk, and then I crossed that threshold from the impossible to the possible.' "

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Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: Many Baton Rouge Area Schools Remain Closed Due To Flood Damage

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NPR's Robert Siegel speaks to Rick Wentzel, superintendent of the Livingston Parish School District in Baton Rouge, La., about how the flooding has affected back to school plans. Fifteen of the 46 schools in Wentzel's district were flooded, eight with extensive damage. He does not yet know when they will be opening.


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Question: Oregon's College Towns Prepare For The Return Of Football

The Pac-12 kicks off its new season in early November. But there won't be any fans in the stadiums. Businesses in two college football towns in Oregon are looking forward to football's return.

Stories: 1) Going 'One On One' With Sports' Greatest Stars 2) At Midseason, Serial Dramas Serve Up Big Twists


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Question: Have The Crackdowns On Immigration Gone Too Far?

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The architect of Arizona's controversial immigration law has  been voted out of office. That law and similar statutes are undergoing difficult  court challenges. And the strictest law, in Alabama, has ignited a withering backlash  expected to force major changes. Have the crackdowns on illegal immigration finally gone too far? "If you asked me this question about a year ago, I would  tell you we were on the cusp of seeing more anti-immigration legislation,"  says immigration analyst Muzaffar Chishti of the Migration Policy Institute.  "Now, what's happening is very interesting. I think there is evidence of  overreach and some sobering reassessments of 'Is this the right thing to  do?' " A Cautionary Tale The latest cautionary tale comes from Alabama, home of the  nation's toughest immigration enforcement law. State lawmakers insist they were  right to pass the law, but have decided to amend it in response to severe  criticism and confusion among residents and business owners. The lawmakers say  they want to change regulations that have produced consequences well beyond the  intent of deterring illegal immigrants. An example of the law's unintended results played out  recently in Tuscaloosa,  Ala., with the arrest of a  Mercedes-Benz executive for driving a rental car without proper ID. The man, who  is from Germany and produced only a German  ID, was visiting the Mercedes manufacturing plant in the  state. Under previous state law, he would only have been  ticketed. But Alabama's new immigration law requires  everyone to carry a valid identification card, or risk being jailed. The law  also directs police to question the immigration status of individuals suspected  of being in the country illegally. Unintended Consequences A broader concern is language in the law requiring proof  of legal status for "any transaction between a person and the state or a  political subdivision of the state." Critics say the provision is vaguely  written and exposes individuals and businesses alike to criminal charges for a  range of activities, from the issuing of government-issued licenses to flu  shots. Businesses and ministers in particular object to another  provision that makes it a felony for those who aid an illegal immigrant, even  unknowingly. "Most of us realize we made some mistakes in this bill.  We overreached, and we want to see if we can clear up some unintended consequences,"  says Alabama state Sen. Gerald Dial, a Republican who voted for the law and is one of the  lawmakers crafting potential amendments. Bob Dane, a spokesman for the Federation for American  Immigration Reform, which supports stricter immigration measures, says such laws  remain necessary because of President Obama's refusal to properly enforce existing  federal laws. He also says local governments across the country are choking on  an estimated $113 billion a year in costs for educating, incarcerating and  caring for illegal immigrants. "The politicians who are putting these laws into effect  are serving their public," Dane says. "What choice do you have as a mayor, as a  governor, as a state lawmaker when you are running out of money and your  resources are finite? Who are we going to serve first? Don't legal residents  have the first priority?" A Swinging Pendulum Dial says Alabama lawmakers  won't weaken their law. Yet he himself has proposed eliminating one of the key  features that makes it the strictest in the nation: a requirement that public  school officials collect the immigration status of pupils. "I think the pendulum is swinging back to the middle  because national public opinion is changing, especially because of the impact on  schoolchildren. They are innocent, and they put a public face on this," says Victoria  DeFrancesco Soto, a visiting scholar at University of Texas, Austin. "It's a similar effect to when  the nation started seeing children attacked by dogs during the civil rights  movement." For now, the schools provision of Alabama's law has been halted by a  federal judge. The Justice Department has filed legal challenges against the  laws passed in Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, South Carolina and other states, arguing that  enforcement of immigration policy belongs exclusively to the federal government. Given the ongoing failure of Congress to pass  immigration reform, many advocates on both sides believe the issue will be  resolved by the Supreme Court. The Arizona law lost a key battle in April when a  three-judge panel of the 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals upheld a federal  judge's ruling that halted the enforcement of key provisions in the law, including a  requirement that police question the immigration status of individuals suspected of being in the country  illegally. Arizona  Gov. Jan Brewer, who has vowed to appeal the ruling, wants the Supreme Court to  take up the case. The Justice Department earlier this month filed a brief with  the high court asking the justices to stay out of it and let the rulings  of

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

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In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: When Names Live on as Common Nouns

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For example, '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Rochester, N.Y., was once the imaging capital of the world, home to Kodak, Xerox and the eye care company, Bausch + Lomb. Led by these companies, the manufacturing sector once employed 60 percent of Rochester\'s workforce. Now, that\'s less than 10 percent. And so, like many cities in this country, Rochester is trying to build something new from its manufacturing heritage. If you want to understand the story of Rochester, says historian Carolyn Vacca, you need to come to High Falls, where from a bridge visitors see a waterfall and a panoramic view of downtown. "We are in the heart of what was the center of Rochester, historically, and is still, somewhat, today," she says. Part of the appeal to settlers was what she calls the "good dirt" around the Genesee River. "When Revolutionary soldiers came through the area they were coming from New England, where the dirt basically was good for holding rocks together at that point. And here, the soil is so fertile, so they immediately recognized the value of that and went home and told people there\'s a place we can get land where you can be a successful farmer," she says. Farmers used the good Rochester dirt to grow grain. They needed somewhere to sell it, and that spawned flour mills — so many, in fact, that Rochester became known as Flour City. That legacy faded, though. The old mills along the river closed down — but the manufacturing seed had been planted. Eastman Kodak grew out of that. For decades Rochester was Kodak. At its peak in the 1980s, Kodak employed 60,000 people in the city. Today, it\'s just 2,300. It\'s been a painful collapse. And once again, in 2014, Rochester is trying to use its fertile soil to grow something new. "Nobody ever wants to let go, obviously, not of something like Kodak that not only was so dominant, but had such a quality brand name. But, recognizing that we have to, we\'ve moved on and created new things — new prospects for the future, building on what we had in the past," Vacca says. \'Just Gut Feel\' There are former Kodak employees at work in new places — like Exelis, which makes parts that may be in the Thirty Meter Telescope, one of the largest. When complete, it will peer out beyond the Milky Way, to the edge of the observable universe — 13 billion light-years away. Mike Ognenovski, who is now with Exelis, worked at Kodak for 27 years, and sees parallels between the two companies. For example, Exelis uses polishers on its glass to make lenses, machines similar to ones used at Kodak on its camera lenses. "The tradition is there. It just has another name. Now we\'re called Exelis," Ognenovski says. "The Kodak heritage technology that was there, that is essentially in the bedrock of what Kodak stood for back when George Eastman built it, is still there." That said, this picture is far from perfect. You look at this factory: making incredible things with machines both old and new, but there\'s almost no one here. The factory has more than 16,000 square feet, but only 80 people work here. "You look at the folks that are on this floor right now working, they\'re highly skilled, and what we want to do is make the work more of a science versus an art. Where optics in the past traditionally tends to be more art and that\'s where the optician came in," Ognenovski says. "So that means a lot of years of experience, a lot of manual labor, touching and feeling and just gut feel." Gut feel. Touching things. Making things with your hands. That was American manufacturing. Where Is The Blue Collar? Now, it\'s less art, more science. And this is exactly the challenge today. Even when a place like Rochester seems to be figuring it out, this deeper problem remains. There are very few jobs for the blue-collar worker. It\'s a conundrum Nabil Nasr thinks about every day. He\'s the associate provost and director of the Golisano Institute for Sustainability at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Among his many duties, Nasr\'s work seeks to help manufacturers remain competitive globally, and he thinks a lot about the future of manufacturing. "Manufacturing today is not what it used to be. In the past, for example, Kodak used to make very sophisticated, high-precision lenses in a very primitive process that was very time-consuming," Nasr says. "Today, we\'re making very sophisticated computerized equipment that can make some of these lenses in a fraction of the time they used to spend in making those lenses before." That takes skill. And there are RIT students training for the kinds of jobs they have at Exelis. But that still leaves the question: Where is the blue-collar worker today? What options are there for them? "This is a serious issue, and I think there are a lot of people left out of the manufacturing sector, and there are a lot of barriers," Nasr says. There are high-paying openings, he says, but not everyone is qualified for them because they require expertise and education. "They really want to get these jobs but they aren\'t able to because it would take t']' should be close to '['', 'Rochester Focuses On A New Picture Of American Manufacturing']'

Linguist Geoff Nunberg examines how surnames live on as nouns. From boycott to luddite -- many words started out as someone's name, though the owner is long forgotten.


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Question: U.S. Human Rights Report Points to U.S. Allies

The U.S. State Department has released its annual report on human rights, detailing cases of abuse and repression in countries such as Afghanistan and Zimbabwe. The report also describes torture in Egypt and Jordan. Amnesty International criticizes the U.S. for "outsourcing torture" in the war on terrorism to countries like Egypt.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Photo Shows Lander Sitting On A Comet; A Bounce-Landing. -- Congress Will Vote On Keystone XL Pipeline, With An Eye On Louisiana. And here are more early headlines: Obama Cautions Burma Against Slow Pace Of Reform. (BBC) India Arrests Doctor In Sterilization Deaths Of Several Women. (VOA) U.N. Official: Evidence To Hold North Korea Accountable For Abuses. (Guardian) "Hopelessness" For Millions Of Syrian Refugees. (Al Jazeera America) Mexican Protesters Burn Down State Congressional Building. (AFP) Report: U.S. Weather Satellites Hacked, Allegedly By China. (Washington Post) U.S. College Costs Jump 3.7 This Year. (Bloomberg) Government Proposes Rules For Prepaid Card Industry. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Today Marks Dual Landmarks In American History

Sen. Barack Obama makes history tonight when he speaks before the Democratic National Convention as the first black presidential nominee of a major party. But today also marks the 45th anniversary of the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington. Civil rights activist Marian Wright Edelman discusses the significance of both events.

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Stories: 1) Reporter Explores America's Unique Take on Justice 2) Growing Up In a Surfer Family, Wipeouts and All


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Question: Friday News Roundup - International

South Korea’s efforts to reconcile with an isolated North Korea caught the attention of politicos and sports fans this week when they announced they will march and compete in unity at next month’s Olympic Games. In Syria, the government made clear that it would rather go it alone, rejecting U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson’s plan for the American military to stay engaged. And in the United Kingdom, British Prime Minister Theresa May has appointed a minister for lonliness. You’re never alone on Fridays when you listen to the International News Roundup. GUESTS Mark Landler, White House correspondent, The New York Times; author of “Alter Egos: Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and the Twilight Struggle Over American Power”; @MarkLandler Rosiland Jordan, State Department/specials correspondent, Al Jazeera English Television; @RosJordanAJE Paul Danahar, Washington bureau chief of the BBC; author of “The New Middle East: The World After the Arab Spring”; @pdanahar For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

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Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: As National Park Service Turns 100, We Can Celebrate By Not Bothering Wildlife

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The National Park Service turns 100 this summer, and I've been thinking about how all of us might celebrate this milestone. To get in the mood, I went with my husband this week to the Virginia Air & Space Center to see National Parks Adventure, the new IMAX movie directed by Greg MacGillivray and narrated by Robert Redford. More than 400 sites are located on national park lands, and the movie notes this, but as expected it favors the big famous parks. (See a 2-minute trailer here.) National Parks Adventure treats us to spectacular sounds as well as sights: in Wyoming, the "molten fury" of Yellowstone's magma chambers and the "highly developed vocabulary" of the prairie dogs at Devils Tower; in Michigan, the cracking crash of ice displaced by climbers at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore; in Arizona, the roiling foamy rapids encountered by Colorado River rafters in the Grand Canyon. John Muir's role early on in helping to protect natural lands — along with Theodore Roosevelt's — is highlighted, and we hear a voiceover quoting Muir as he urges us to "get close to nature's heart" by visiting them. The best way we can celebrate our parks, of course, is to hike in them or climb or raft or explore history or just sit and soak up nature. I'm counting the weeks until I return in September to Yellowstone and again immerse myself in science and nature. But there's a second way, too. We can realize what Muir didn't mean by "get close to nature's heart." We can think what narrator Redford does mean when he says, referring to the wildlife in our parks, "These lands are their lands, too." We can respect the wildlife in our parks. Most of us probably know by now about the terrible outcome last week after tourists placed a Yellowstone bison calf in a vehicle, wishing to shelter it from the cold. Once rescued from the tourists, the calf was rejected by the bison herd and began approaching people and cars along the road in ways that the National Park Service considered to be hazardous. The calf was then killed. ("Euthanasia" isn't the right word; this wasn't a good death.) But do we know the reasons why the calf wasn't sent to a wildlife rehabilitator or to a sanctuary? I didn't. When I contacted the Park Service public-relations team at Yellowstone to ask, I was sent a press release that says, in part:  "Federal and state regulations prohibit the transport of bison out of Yellowstone unless those bison are going to meat processing or scientific research facilities. We are working to establish quarantine facilities for bison so that they can go through the months-long testing protocols for brucellosis and, if negative, be used to start conservation herds elsewhere. However, the use of quarantine for bison hasn't been approved, nor would a newborn calf that's unable to care for itself be a good candidate for quarantine. So, why wouldn't we try to care for the calf on our own? It may be hard to imagine that Yellowstone does not provide direct care for its animals. What we do provide is a space for animals to live their lives with as little human intervention as possible in today's world. A bison raised by humans in captivity would probably never be returned to the wild...It's really important to understand that national parks are very different than animal sanctuaries or zoos."  There are lessons for all of us here. The National Park Service people mean it when they say they're not a zoo and they're not a sanctuary. We see that wild bison are sometimes sent to meat processing plants, but the point I want to make today is that we need to really understand that our own actions can doom animals to dying. In 2015, the main cause of the 61 grizzly bear deaths in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (which includes lands outside the national park) was human interaction, including hunting and being hit by cars. Scarface, a bear beloved inside Yellowstone National Park, was killed by a hunter outside the park. OK, most of us don't go to wilderness areas to hunt. But we do go to hike, and if wild animals feel threatened and attack hikers in the parks, it's not unusual for them to be killed in the name of public safety. Just this week the Washington Post reported that a black bear was killed after a camper in North Carolina's Great Smoky Mountains National Park was mauled by a bear. The "wrong" bear was killed. I'd love to argue the ethics of these killing policies with the Park Service (and probably will), but the fact remains, all of us who visit national parks need to know the reality of the situation. I don't mean to compare hikers' behavior to that of the tourists who put the bison calf in the car, and obviously I'm not suggesting that it's wrong or thoughtless to hike in national park lands. But when we venture into nature's heart, we need to do it with our brains fully engaged. We can avoid hiking into areas with active bears, especially cubs, and if we do go we can follow recommendations for carrying bear spray (while realizing tha

Good Thursday morning, here are our early stories: In Israel And Gaza Strip: More Explosions, Deaths On Both Sides. BP Expected To Plead Guilty, Pay Record Fine In Gulf Oil Spill Criminal Case. And here are more headlines: Gen. Petraeus Agrees To Testify Before Congress On Benghazi Attack. (Los Angeles Times) Home Foreclosures Up In Oct., But Fall From Last Year's Level. (Reuters) Eurozone Countries Plunge Back Into Recession. (BBC) Ill Indian Woman Denied Abortion In Ireland, Dies. (AFP) Colorado Theater Shooting Suspect In Hospital After Ramming Head Into Jail Wall. (Denver Post) States Face Friday Deadline On Whether To Run Health Insurance Exchanges. (McClatchy Newspapers) Ecuador To Kill Millions Of Rats To Preserve Galapagos Islands Rare Species. (AP) World's Biggest Liar Contest Coming In England: Politicians, Lawyers Not Allowed. (AP)


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Question: Pakistani Journalist Hamid Mir

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Forum talks to Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir, the only one to have interviewed Osama bin Laden after the events of September 11, 2001.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Russian Businessman With Ties To Ex-Trump Campaign Official Comes Under Scrutiny

With an unusually public persona for a Russian businessman, Oleg Deripaska may be getting more attention than he bargained for because of his onetime ties to former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort. Deripaska, a 49-year-old metals giant from Dzerzhinsk, not only appears occasionally on television to discuss business trends, he has his own website devoted to his career, his philanthropic interests and his commercial activities. "Of all the big Russian businessmen, he's one of the most fun, because he's very direct," says Anders Aslund, senior fellow at the Atlantic Council. "Deripaska is very much in your face. He's straightforward. He tells you what he wants to say. [He's] one of the few big Russian businessmen you can actually discuss and debate with." An Associated Press report has focused new attention on Deripaska's career, his relationship with Manafort and his ties to the Russian government. Manafort, central to questions about Russian influence in the U.S. 2016 election, resigned as Trump's campaign manager in August. Deripaska has said that he is willing to testify before Congress. The AP reported in March that Manafort wrote to Deripaska in 2005 to propose "that he would influence politics, business dealings and news coverage inside the United States, Europe and former Soviet republics to benefit Vladimir Putin's government." The AP report does not say Manafort ever wanted to work for the Putin government, and Manafort's spokesman strongly denies any suggestion that he ever sought to further Russian interests. No evidence exists that Manafort ever worked in Russia. Deripaska, for his part, sued the AP, saying the story falsely implied that the Russian billionaire was paying Manafort to further the interests of Putin's government. "The AP had (and has) no basis for reporting that any contract between Mr. Deripaska and Mr. Manafort provided for the undermining of democratic movements," the lawsuit said. The AP stands by its story and has refused to run a retraction. "Deripaska was different" Deripaska came of age in the early 1990s, as a promising student at Moscow University. The Soviet Union was breaking up, a cataclysmic event that would in many ways define his career. He wanted to be a theoretical physicist. But, his website notes, "Academic research in general was disappearing due to a lack of funding." Instead, Deripaska began trading commodities, eventually using the profits to buy part of a decrepit aluminum smelter, which he was able to modernize. Over the years he steadily expanded his interests, through a complex chain of leveraged buyouts and mergers that eventually formed RUSAL, the world's third largest aluminum producer. Along the way, he became very rich, with a fortune estimated to be $28 billion in 2008 by Forbes, though it's considerably smaller today, just over $5 billion. "A lot of the oligarchs simply purchased companies and drained the assets from those companies. Deripaska was different. He actually created a company and made it a very successful one," says Will Pomeranz, deputy director of the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. His career was no doubt helped by his marriage to the daughter of a top aide to former Russian President Boris Yeltsin, which gave him political connections. "It meant essentially one thing: protection. Nobody could go after him as they could go after others," Aslund says. Navigating relationships Deripaska's ties to the Putin government have appeared cordial for the most part. "To prosper in Russia today, in the economic situation that exists, where the Russian state controls 70 percent of the economy, one has to maintain good relations with the Russian government," Pomeranz says. Those connections clearly helped Deripaska during the 2008 financial crisis, when RUSAL was unable to meet a debt payment and had to seek a loan from VEB, the development bank with strong ties to the Putin government, Pomeranz says. But Putin hasn't been afraid to put Deripaska in his place. In 2009, workers in the town of Pikalevo, where Deripaska's company owned a factory, protested job cuts and unpaid wages by blocking a main road. Worried about the unrest, Putin forced Deripaska to accompany him on a tour of the factory, where he publicly reprimanded him for neglecting the facility and demanded he pay back wages. Putin then made Deripaska sign a contract allowing the factory to reopen. And he even told the billionaire businessman to return his pen. "During the meeting, chaired by Putin, Deripaska was obviously unnerved, with cameras catching his every move and facial expression. Never before has a person of his caliber been publicly humiliated in this way in modern Russia," wrote the pro-government website RT.com. Throughout his career, Deripaska has been trailed by whispers about ties to organized crime, and several published reports have said he had trouble getting a U.S. visa as a result. Still, such rumors aren't unusual i

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Giuliani: Trump Might Refuse Mueller Subpoenas Or Take The Fifth. -- Putin To Start Historic Fourth Term As Russian Leader. -- Pakistan's Interior Minister Survives Suspected Assassination Attempt. -- In Traditional First-Lady Style, Melania Trump To Unveil Her Policy Goals. -- Republican Fears About Holding The Senate Start To Sink In. And here are more early headlines: Reports: Israeli Firm Collected Info On Obama Administration Officials Who Backed Iran Deal. (New Yorker) (The Observer) Volcanic Lava Destroys At Least 26 Hawaiian Homes. (Hawaii News Now) Trump Opposes W.V. GOP Senate Candidate Blankenship. (Fox) Waffle House Shooting Suspect To Appear In Court. (Tennessean) Report: Missile Hits Presidential Compound In Yemen's Capital. (Al-Arabiya)


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Question: Happy Birthday Patrick

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Today on James Kraus' WZBC show he played The Male Nurse's My own Patrick Swayze - in honor of Patrick's birthday which is today - it was so nice hearing this song again I thought I would post the...

Bleephole, Hawaii Def-con 5-0, Fly Nervous Like The Rest Of Us, Doritas, Two Facedbook, Do You Hear What Yanni Hear?


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Question: We Have A ScuttleButton Winner!

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Friday's button puzzle -- where we lined up three buttons (well, two buttons and a baseball card) has produced a winner. And the winner is: Ann Orr of Washington, D.C. The answer: Saxby Chambliss (Sax + B + Chambliss) Yes, it was an easy puzzle. Yes, I cheated by using a baseball card. Yes, yes, yes. But rest assured: Future ScuttleButton puzzles will not be this easy. By the way, among the many answers were some that were especially creative. Kathi Rubin, an assistant professor at Baker College in Owosso, Mich., eschewed a serious answer and instead came up with this ditty:  Lil Bill Blue,   Come blow your sax.   Bush's crony Chambliss won re-election,   But without 60 Democrats can relax.  Erica Ryan of Alexandria, Va., on the other hand, was downright cruel. Deciding to reverse the order of the items, Erica, an online/new media editor here at NPR, came up with, "Yankees B[aseball] Blows." Look, I know all about freedoms and the Internets, but I'm not going to sit idly by while my Yankees are being demonized. Maybe Steinbrenner can buy Erica Ryan. Two items of note: I turned off the comments section at the bottom of the puzzle page so people won't see an answer while the contest is still going on. And in the future, winners will be chosen at random (rather than first correct answer) in case people don't get to play the game as soon as it goes up on the site.

Good afternoon. Here are some headlines we're watching: Paul Ryan Campaigns On Medicare In Florida - With His Mom. (Politico) GM Recalls Nearly 250,000 SUVs Over Potential Fire Hazard. (Detroit News) John Lennon's Murderer Faces Seventh Parole Hearing Next Week. (CNN) In Apparent Diplomatic Thaw, Egyptian President Morsi To Visit Iran This Month. (AFP) New Family Of Spiders Discovered In Oregon - And They've Got Claws. (AP)


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Question: 2 Years After Garment Factory Collapse, Are Workers Any Safer?

Beneath a gray sky, rainwater had collected in a hole in the ground where Rana Plaza once stood, creating a small, murky pond. Rubble and pieces of steel bars surrounded the edge of the water. It was hard to believe that this small lot, steps away from a busy main road, was once home to an eight-story building with thousands of garment workers. The nondescript place did not look like the site of the world's worst garment factory disaster. Two years ago on April 24, Rana Plaza collapsed, killing more than 1,100 people and injuring 2,500. Bangladesh hasn't forgotten that tragic day. Hundreds of people gathered at Rana Plaza on Friday morning. There were garment workers and people from labor unions and nongovernmental organizations. They held banners about remembrance and yelled into megaphones about workers' rights. Relatives of garment workers who died at Rana Plaza were also there. They clutched photos of loved ones. One mother told me that it took rescuers 11 days to find the body of her 24-year-old daughter. She wiped her eyes with the edge of her shawl. The mother said she still comes to the Rana Plaza site every day. One man held a photo of his dead wife while carrying their 4-year-old son. His 25-year-old wife had been working at Rana Plaza for just two months. Why did he come to Rana Plaza today? He explained that his child had asked about the anniversary and wanted to visit. Two years after the tragedy, major efforts are underway to prevent another disaster like the one at Rana Plaza. More than 200 international clothing brands, such as H&M, Zara, Walmart and Gap, have pledged to make Bangladesh's factories safer. About 2,700 out of 3,500 export factories in the country have been inspected under three big initiatives: Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety, Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety, and National Tripartite Plan on Fire Safety and Structural Integrity. Now those factories must fix problems and comply with international standards. Otherwise they will be barred from working with the world's largest clothing buyers or from exporting their goods. And that would be an economic blow: After China, Bangladesh is the world's second-largest garment exporter. But it's a huge task for factories in Bangladesh, where safety is an alien concept for everyone from managers to workers. Factories with resources are importing and installing fire doors, sprinklers, hydrant systems and other equipment. They are reinforcing concrete pillars, upgrading electrical systems, training workers in fire safety and more. Making a factory compliant can cost more than $1 million. Other factories are resisting change and ignoring problems. Some owners might not understand how to fix things, but some just don't want to pay for an overhaul. And smaller factories are struggling to pay for upgrades. Bangladesh's main garment industry association wants low-interest loans to help. Improving workplace safety is, of course, critical. So is strengthening workers' rights. The government, the International Labor Organization and others are laying the groundwork to give garment workers a voice. Factories must soon allow new worker safety committees to uphold new standards. How they will be elected is under hot debate. And more garment workers are joining fledgling labor unions. There are 200 active unions today, compared to seven active ones in 2010. They represent hundreds of thousands of workers. Despite efforts, problems persist. There have been reports of workers being threatened or beaten for joining unions, though they are a minority of union members. And fires are still injuring workers by the hundreds. Since November 24, 2012, when at least 117 people died in a factory fire at Tazreen Fashions in Dhaka, 31 more people have died and some 900 people have been injured in factory fires. There is still a long way to go. And big questions remain about how Bangladesh will enforce new rules and how to make safety standards last. When I visited Rana Plaza Friday morning, amid blaring megaphones and dense crowds, families of victims jostled around me. They extended photos — from laminated portraits to small passport photos — of sons and daughters, wives and husbands. A silver-bearded man laid a photo of a young woman on a tower of marigolds. Then he moved a rose closer to her image. This story was produced in partnership with the McGraw Center for Business Journalism at the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism.

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: South Korea's Hanjin Files For Bankruptcy, Leaving American Shippers In The Lurch

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One of the world’s largest container carriers, South Korea’s Hanjin, filed for bankruptcy yesterday. Its ships have been seized in Chinese ports, causing companies to scramble for other sources of transport. The bankruptcy at the world’s seventh-largest shipper poses problems for American companies ahead of the busy holiday season. Here & Now‘s Jeremy Hobson speaks with business journalist Ali Velshi about the repercussions. Guest Ali Velshi, business journalist. He tweets @AliVelshi.

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Good morning. Sorry we're late with the roundup. We've had quite a few things to post about already today, as you can see: -- Before Obama's Plan Is Out, NRA Calls Him An 'Elitist Hypocrite' -- Inflation Rate Slowed Sharply In 2012; Prices Were Flat In December -- UPDATE: 'Turmoil' For Many Parents As NYC School Bus Drivers Strike -- Fireball, Panic As Helicopter Crashes In London -- Blast Rocks Kabul; Dozens Wounded, Attackers Killed -- Interior Sec. Salazar Is Latest Member Of Cabinet To Announce Departure Among the other stories making headlines: -- "French Troops Move North As Mali Rebels Dig In." (The New York Times) -- "Islamists Attack Algerian Gas Feld, Kill, Kidnap Foreigners." (Reuters) -- Former South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford (R) Announces Bid For Congress. (The State) -- Top Japan Airlines Ground Boeing 787 Dreamliners. (BBC News) -- With Confession, Lance Armstrong Is Hoping To Reduce Lifetime Ban From Competition And Head Off A Lawsuit That Could Cost Him Nearly $100 Million. (The Washington Post)


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Question: U.S. Envoy Faces Tough Test In Afghanistan

The new American special envoy to Afghanistan is visiting the region this week. But the honeymoon could be a short one if Richard Holbrooke is unable to deliver on the long list of things that Afghans want done to change their country. They're especially interested in the areas of security, development and government corruption.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: Muslim Brotherhood Picks Presidential Candidate

Robert Siegel talks to Samer Shehata of Georgetown University about the Muslim Brotherhood's decision to put up a presidential candidate for Egypt in the post-Hosni Mubarak regime.

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Good morning - we're following these stories today: Wildfire In Southern Idaho Is Growing Quickly. International Criminal Court Jails Congolese Warlord For Forcing Children Into Combat. (BBC) Annan Travels To Tehran For Help In Solving Syrian Conflict. (Los Angeles Times) Egypt's Parliament Defies Military And Meets Briefly; Looks To Court For Guidance. (Guardian) Ex-Barclay's CEO Will Give Up $31 Million In Bonuses. (AFP) Man Who Took Hostages At French School Now Under Arrest, No Injuries. (AP) Moderate Libyan Group Holds Early Lead In National Parliamentary Election Votes. (Bloomberg) Episcopal Bishops Will Briefly Test Official Prayer Service For Same Sex Couples. (AP) Hurricane Emilia Swirls In Pacific With 140 MPH Winds, Doesn't Threaten Land. (NHC) Detroit Slugger Prince Fielder Wins All-Star Home Run Derby. Again. (ESPN)


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Question: Nobel Peace Prize Winner Wangari Matthai

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A discussion with Nobel Peace Prize-winning biologist Wangari Matthai. (pre-recorded)

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E.g. ['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Mitt Romney on Monday endorsed the idea of extending a law that curbs interest rates paid by some recipients of federal student loans, a cause that President Obama has made a campaign issue. "Particularly with the number of college grads that can\'t find work or that can only find work well beneath their skill level, I fully support the effort to extend the low interest rate on student loans," Romney told reporters before a campaign event in Aston, Pa., NPR\'s Ari Shapiro reports. "I support extending the temporary relief on interest rates for students as a result of student loans in part because of the extraordinarily poor conditions in the job market," Romney said. Obama is scheduled to talk about student loan interest rates Tuesday during visits to the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and the University of Colorado, Boulder, and Wednesday during a visit to the University of Iowa in Iowa City. North Carolina, Colorado and Iowa are all important swing states in the general election. "This is a question of values," Obama said in his weekly radio address on Saturday. "We cannot let America become a country where a shrinking number of people do really well, while a growing number of people struggle to get by." Without congressional action, interest rates on subsidized federal Stafford loans for undergraduates would double on July 1, from 3.4 percent to 6.8 percent. In 2007, Congress voted to temporarily cut the rate, and that cut expires in July.'] == ['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Romney Backs Extension Of Student Loan Relief']

Stories: 1) Veteran Peacemakers O'Malley, Maharaj on Iraq 2) Nuala O'Faolain, Journalist and Author, Dead at 68


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Question: Martin And Pt Music Producer

Martin and PT Music Producer Mark Mobley (MAHB-lee) assume their alter egos--the Ghosts of Christmas past and present, respectively--and recommend a selection of their favorite Christmas music.

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: 'Lady Bird' Soars With An Intimate Portrait Of Mother-Daughter Angst

The title character of Greta Gerwig's new comedy is a Sacramento high school senior who's in a love-hate relationship with her mother. Critic David Edelstein says Lady Bird is "packed with insight."

Stories: 1) Reynolds Price: A Southern Writer, A Lyrical Gift 2) Remembering Wilfrid Sheed, A Master Of Wit 3) Corin Tucker: '1,000 Years' Of Emotional Longing 4) 'No Strings Attached': Corny, Contrived, Conservative


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Question: In Talk of Chrysler Spin-Off, Firms Angle, Stock Rises

For a week now, there has been talk that DaimlerChrysler might want to sell its poorly performing Chrysler division. DaimlerChrysler's chairman has refused to rule out selling Chrysler. And at least one newspaper quotes sources today indicating that the company really is moving to sell.  DaimlerChrysler's stock is way up on the news.  Robert Siegel talks with Micheline Maynard, New York Times Detroit bureau chief, who says that there appears to be interest from some other European auto companies in buying Chrysler as a way to get back into the American market. When Daimler bought Chrysler, the idea was to have strong all-around performance. But as it has turned out, when Chrysler is up, Daimler has been down, and vice versa.  When DaimlerChrysler's chairman refused to rule out selling Chrysler middle of last week, the rumor mill really got going. The Wall Street Journal quotes sources today indicating that the company really is moving to sell. ROBERT SIEGEL, host:  In the market for a used car company? Well, there's a lot of talk that Daimler is about to undo the 1998 merger that turned Chrysler into the American division of the company that makes Mercedes.  Morgan Stanley's car guys have kicked the tires and figured out that the sum of Chrysler's parts is worth about $9.2 billion. But Daimler is probably willing to bargain.  Well, Micheline Maynard is the New York Times Detroit bureau chief, and joins us now. Micheline Maynard, who would want to buy Chrysler?  Ms. MICHELINE MAYNARD (Detroit Bureau Chief, New York Times): There's actually a number of car companies around the world that might be interested in Chrysler, because Chrysler has all these dealerships. It's a very, very cheap way into the American car market. The French, the Koreans, and even General Motors has been mentioned as a possible suitor for Chrysler.  SIEGEL: Well, if there are suitors who find Chrysler attractive, why is Daimler so interested, evidently, in getting rid of it?  Ms. MAYNARD: The whole Daimler Chrysler merger has been a roller coaster ride over the last nine years. The idea of it originally, was to create a great trans-Atlantic car company where Mercedes Benz, the luxury car company would accompany Chrysler, the mass market company, and they would all march into profitability. Instead, what's happened is that Chrysler's needed, sort of, two and a half makeovers in the last nine years, and Mercedes has needed its own makeover. And it seems like DaimlerChrysler has just had enough.  They would like some stability, and the most worrisome part of this merger has been Chrysler.  SIEGEL: Tom LaSorda, the head of DaimlerChrysler, told me, you know - we don't even want to think in terms of the big three anymore. We're not one of those. We're just part of this huge international car company, Daimler.  Ms. MAYNARD: It was a very interesting way of putting things. But in actuality, Chrysler has really acted more like one of the Detroit car companies over the years. It has numbers and numbers of dealers. It has many models. It has big inventories of those models. It's turned to rebates over the years to clear out dealer lots, you know. Have I got a deal for you? So, I think they haven't changed enough to be a real global car company.  SIEGEL: So, you say it would attractive to, say, a Korean carmaker, or possibly even to GM. Doesn't picking up Chrysler mean acquiring the obligation to provide health care for lots of retirees and autoworkers?  Ms. MAYNARD: That's a key question in this, and there have been some scenarios suggested that what would happen is Daimler-Benz would pay for the liability upfront. In other words, they would pre-fund the health care liability, and then the buyer would be paying for, sort of, the nuts and bolts of Chrysler.  SIEGEL: Sort of like a rebate for a used car company that you would…  Ms. MAYNARD: Well that is one way of putting it, or one of those lease deals, where you do the one payment lease and put it down upfront, and then drive the car for three years or so.  SIEGEL: I gather that DaimlerChrysler's stock went up on the talk of sale?  Ms. MAYNARD: This deal is very, very popular in Europe. Shareholders at DaimlerChrysler have been talking for years about getting rid of Chrysler. In fact, there's an old joke - how do you pronounce DaimlerChrysler? And the answer is the Chrysler is silent.  (Soundbite of laughter)  Ms. MAYNARD: I think in this case, though, that German shareholders in particular, who own most of DaimlerChrysler stock - are really eager to see Chrysler go away and have the company focus again on Mercedes-Benz.  SIEGEL: Despite all these assumptions of what's about to happen, nobody has actually step forward and say we are interested in buying Chrysler from DaimlerChrysler.  Ms. MAYNARD: That's absolutely right. Hyundai is saying that they're not interested in it. General Motors is not commenting on this. What's going on now is J.P. Morgan, the big financial institution, is preparing wh

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


Question: From A Concert Last Weekend

From a concert last weekend at Avery Fisher Hall at New York's Lincoln Center, Music director Esa-Pekka Salonen (ES-sah PEK-kah SAH-loh-nen) conducts the Los Angeles Philharmonic in a concert performance of Bartok's Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta. (NPR/Lincoln Center)

Stories: 1) Paul Farmer Examines Haiti 'After The Earthquake' 2) From Bop To Baroque: The Modern Jazz Quartet 3) Heads Up, TV Fans: Great Shows Start This Week


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Question: Napa Gallery for Developmentally Disabled Artists

A new gallery in Napa is providing artists who have developmental disabilities, such as autism and Down syndrome, a place to produce, show and sell their artwork. A visit to the Brown Street Gallery offers insights into their creative world.

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: Field Notes from 91.7 WVXU

Tigers have been in the news a lot lately, not necessarily for the best.  Thane Maynard welcomes the Cincinnati Zoo's Cat Ambassador, Linda Castaneda, to this week's Field Notes to talk big cats.

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Book critic Maureen Corrigan

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Book critic Maureen Corrigan reviews A is for American, the new book by historian Jill Lepore.

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Author Bronwen Dickey says the idea of pit bulls as predators is based on myth and misinformation. In the early Hollywood era, the dogs were often chosen to appear in comedies. Her book is 'Pit Bull: The Battle Over an American Icon.' Rock historian Ed Ward shares soul singer Clarence Carter's story. Book critic Maureen Corrigan reviews 'Heat & Light' by Jennifer Haigh.


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Question: Russian Tycoon Offers To Buy N.J. Nets

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E.g. ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "From a concert on the last day of May at the Hampden-Sydney Music Festival in central Virginia, we'll hear a Bassoon Quartet by Francois Devienne (frah(n)-swah dev-YEN).  Stephen Walt is the bassoonist, with members of the Shanghai String Quartet.  19:00"] == ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Devienne  Bassoon Quartet']

Russian tycoon Mikhail Prokhorov says in his personal blog that he has made an offer to buy the New Jersey Nets basketball team. The team isn't commenting but does say the team did receive interest from potential investors. The Nets are currently owned by New York real estate developer Bruce Ratner.

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Happy Friday - we're following these stories today: Reports Swirl That Spain Will Seek Bailout. 'Heavy' Syrian Army Presence Around City Near Suspected Massacre Site. Chesapeake Energy CEO In Hotseat Today. U.S. Trade Deficit Narrows As Imports And Exports Drop. (Bloomberg) Tornadoes Damage Homes In Colorado And Wyoming; One Hurt. (AP) Japan's Prime Minister Says Two Nuclear Reactors Must Restart To Protect Society. (Reuters) U.S. General Personally Apologizes For Afghan Airstrike That Killed Civilians. (AP) Malawi Won't Host African Union Summit Or Sudanese President, Who's Wanted For War Crimes. (VOA) Racist Taunts Thrown At Black Dutch Soccer Players In European Soccer Tournament. (Guardian) Young Black Bear Caught In Connecticut Neighborhood Was From New Jersey. (Norwalk Citizen)


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Question: GOP Convention, School Reopening, Coronavirus Aid Bill

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President Trump announced yesterday that much of the Republican National Convention would be cancelled because of coronavirus concerns. School reopening continues to be a major concern for parents, most of whom want to see their kids return to the classroom but worry that it can't be done safely. And Republicans find themselves divided over what to include in their coronavirus aid proposal.Connect:Subscribe to the NPR Politics Podcast here.Email the show at nprpolitics@npr.org.Join the NPR Politics Podcast Facebook Group.Listen to our playlist The NPR Politics Daily Workout.Subscribe to the NPR Politics Newsletter.Find and support your local public radio station.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)