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Question: 'Mr.' And 'Ms.,' A Courtesy To Be Respected

We've had some discussions around here recently about how and when to use courtesy titles. I use courtesy titles most of the time: "Sen.," "Mayor," "Dr.," "Pvt.," "professor," "imam," "Mr.," "Ms." — and "Mrs." when requested, like I was by the late women's rights activist, Bella Abzug. I get kidded about all this "mister" and "mizzing." Lots of people like it, but some think it sounds dated or disingenuous, like Eddie Haskell. And I know it can sound funny. We interviewed Meat Loaf, the hard-rocker, mostly to be able to say, "Thanks for being with us, Mr. Loaf." He replied, "You're welcome." But we also sometimes get complaints about calling the president of the United States "Mr. Obama" or "Mr. Bush" on second reference. Many news organizations have the same practice. "Mr." is not a diminution of respect, but a form of address that can be traced to George Washington, who thought "Mr." conveyed that presidents are citizens, not royals. Over the years, I've come to see good sense in my mother's advice: "If you're always slightly overdressed, you're never underdressed." So if you begin by addressing someone as "Mr.," "Ms.," "Sgt." or "Rev.," you may rile them with a question — but not with discourtesy. What's regarded as courteous can change over generations. Most of the messages a lot of us write during the day — email, tweets, posts — are without salutation. Maybe just a "Hi there!" much less "Mr." or "Ms." These days, utter strangers on the other side of the world call you by your first name when you call up to complain about a spurious charge on your cellphone bill. They think it's friendly, but I sometimes want to ask, "Have we met? Can we try being a customer service agent and an irate customer first?" Our aim here is not just to be correct, but to try to do effective interviews. I think I've learned that courtesy titles can help assure guests that while we will ask challenging questions, they will be treated with audible respect. Not only the secretary of state, Dr. Stephen Hawking, Ms. Jodie Foster or the mayor of London, but people who have lost their job or just won a moose-calling competition. Other interviewers may have different ways of doing this.  Often a guest will say something like, "My father was 'Mr.' — call me by my first name," and I try to comply. As my wife points out, I've interviewed an awful lot of people by now, sometimes several times, who think of me as "Scott." We work in an intimate medium. But I won't call a politician by his or her first name, unless Beyonce is elected to Congress. Even then, it will be "Rep. Beyonce."

Stories: 1) How The 'Pox' Epidemic Changed Vaccination Rules 2) 'Please Look After Mom': A Guilt Trip To The Big City


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Question: Many Spend An Average Of 50 Days In Nation's Immigrant Detention Centers

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In the past six years, there have been more that 8,000 cases of solitary confinement in immigrant detention centers across the U.S. The number has gone down in recent years, but the length of stay in some centers is still on average 50 days. The impacts can last far longer. Esmy Jimenez (@esmyjimenez) from member station KUOW reports. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Hong Kong, Police Clear Final 'Occupy' Protest Site. -- U.S. Says It Has Closed Its Final Detention Center In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: The Latest On The Congressional Omnibus Spending Bill. (Politico) U.N Official Calls For Prosecution Of U.S. Agents In Harsh Interrogations. (Newsweek) U.S. Finds Medical Bills Lead Americans' Unpaid Debts. (CFPB) Study Finds More Than 5 Trillion Pieces Of Plastic In World's Oceans. (New York Times) British, Irish Prime Ministers Join Northern Irish Peace Talks. (BBC) Falling Oil Prices Swell Alaska's Potential Budget Deficit. (AP) After 12 Days, Missing Boater Found Miles Off Hawaii. (Christian Science Monitor)


Question: Welcome To The Neighborhood: 2 Super-Earths Discovered

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Using telescopes in Hawaii and California, astronomers have found two super-Earth-size planets orbiting a star a mere 54 light-years away. This brings to three the total number of exoplanets around the star HD 7924. The discovery is important for two reasons. NASA's Kepler telescope has shown that giant rocky planets orbiting close to their stars are fairly common for distant stars. The new finding confirms that such planets exist around local stars, as well. It also confirms the value of the Automated Planet Finder, an instrument that's been in operation for just two years at the Lick Observatory in California. "Me and my team started observing with APF about August of last year," says Benjamin "B.J." Fulton, a graduate student in astronomy at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and the first author on a paper describing the new planets in The Astrophysical Journal. "We observed every other night until Christmastime essentially, and having to stay up all night" was a drag, Fulton says. So he decided to do something about it. He says: "I essentially wrote a bunch of software that did the things that I would be doing during the night, baby-sitting it, making sure it was staying on target, and I just replaced myself with software so I could go to sleep." The new planets are nothing like we have in our solar system. Fulton says they're between six and eight times as massive as Earth. "They orbit very close to their star," he says. Closer than Mercury is to the sun in our solar system. "And so they're very hot" and therefore not likely to harbor life. When Fulton was born, there were no known exoplanets. Astronomers announced the first one in the mid '90s, when Fulton was 7. That discovery fired his imagination as he was growing up in San Jose, not far from the Lick telescopes. "I grew up every day looking up at the telescopes at Lick Observatory. And to be able to finally be using them to discover planets is pretty amazing," Fulton says. An interesting side note: A few years ago, the University of California was facing a budget crisis, and it looked like Lick might be eliminated. "There were credible people who were talking about shuttering Lick Observatory within a six-month time scale," says Sandra Faber, an astronomer at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She and like-minded astronomers launched a campaign to save Lick, and it seems to be working. The University of California has backed away from plans to close the observatory, and earlier this year, Google gave Lick a $1 million gift to keep operating.

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Stories: 1) A Band Of 'Brothers' And A Barrel Of Laughs 2) Probing China's Changing Character 3) New Silver Jews Album A 'Strange Victory'


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Question: This Week's ScuttleButton Winner:  Panu Lansiri of Chicago, Ill.

For the first time in ScuttleButton history, we have back-to-back puzzles that continue the lyrics of a song.  The answer of two weeks ago continued into last week's answer.  But a surprising number of people failed to get the words exactly right. First, a quick detour to the rules.  Every Friday on this blog I offer up a  vertical  presentation of buttons.  Just take one word or one concept  per button,  add  'em up, and arrive at a familiar saying  or a name.   (Seriously: a saying that people from Earth might be  remotely familiar   with.) Submit your answer and hope you're the person  chosen at random.   That's it! Oh wait. You MUST include your  name and city/state to   be eligible. Also, the answer does not  necessarily have to be   political. For instance, the answer to a puzzle  awhile back was   "Minnesota Twins" -- not political at all, unless  you're thinking   Mondale and Humphrey instead of Killebrew and Oliva. Here  are last week's buttons, in case you forgot: Hicks for Halloween (picture of a witch on a broomstick) -- Louise Day Hicks, an anti-busing leader, ran for mayor of Boston in 1967 and 1971. Rocky Or Nobody -- A 1968 button promoting New York Gov. Nelson Rockefeller for president.  The implied message is that the wearer of the button would not support the leading Republican running that year, Richard Nixon. Gandy Governor -- Evelyn Gandy ran for governor of Mississippi in both 1979 and 1983, and both times led the initial Democratic primary.  But both times she was defeated in the runoff. I (heart) NY -- The quintessential New York City tourism button. So,  when you add Witch + Nobody + Gandy + NY, you  might end up with ... Which Nobody Can Deny ... "witch" follows last week's answer, "For He's a Jolly Good Fellow." For some reason, a pretty sizable number of responses this week said "For Nobody Can Deny" -- focusing on the "For" in the Hicks for Mayor button, and not the "witch."  A tragic mistake, because it cost those people the opportunity to see their name in lights this week. OK, on to happier thoughts.  This  week's winner, chosen   completely at random, is (drum roll) ... Panu Lansiri of Chicago, Ill. Wanna be alerted the   moment a  new ScuttleButton puzzle goes up on the site? (How can   you  NOT???) Sign up for our mailing list at politicaljunkie@npr.org.

Before this year, Hampton University, a historically black college since 1981, did not have a men’s NCAA Division 1 lacrosse program. But university student Michael Crawford and his mother Verina decided to start one. She shared their story with Martin Kessler from NPR’s Only A Game.
Read more via Only A Game

Reporter

Martin Kessler, producer for Only A Game from NPR. He tweets @MartinKessler91.


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Question: The Secret Mission To Unearth Part Of A 142-Year-Old Experiment

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It was 4 o'clock in the morning, well before sunrise, and cold. A light wintry mix of rain and snow was falling. The lousy weather was a relief, as it meant even less of a chance that someone might randomly pass by. The small group of scientists didn't want anyone to see what they were about to do. They'd brought flashlights, a shovel, a trowel, a tape measure and an old map. The map looked more like a blueprint than a pirate's guide to buried treasure. Still, it did show the secret location of something precious stashed away underground. The researchers had gathered together to dig up part of an experiment: an unusual long-term experiment that started in 1879 on the campus of what is now Michigan State University. A botanist named William Beal wondered how long seeds could remain viable underground. So he designed an audacious study to find out, knowing full well that the answer might not come in his lifetime. Frank Telewski, a professor of plant biology at the university, explains that Beal got 20 glass bottles. "Those 20 bottles, he filled up with a sandy seed mixture," says Telewski. "And the sandy seed mixture contained 21 species of plants, with 50 seeds per plant." The plants were just common weeds. The idea was to find out, if farmers faithfully weeded their plots, how long these annoying plants could keep coming up from seeds already in the dirt. Beal buried the bottles in the ground, keeping the location private so it wouldn't get disturbed. Every five years, he dug up one bottle and checked to see if the seeds inside would germinate. In 1910, when Beal retired, he passed on the experiment to a colleague, who later passed it on to a colleague and so on. The study has lasted far longer than Beal intended because its caretakers decided to stretch it out. Instead of every five years, they switched to digging up a bottle every 10 years. Then, every 20 years. Telewski helped unearth a bottle in 2000, when he took over the experiment from a colleague. That year, only a couple of different weeds were still able to sprout. As Telewski thought about digging up his second bottle, which was supposed to happen in 2020 (the excavation got delayed until this month, because of the coronavirus pandemic), he thought about the future. "I decided we needed to pass this on to the next generation, as I turned 65 last year," says Telewski. He picked three relatively young colleagues at the university to be the new caretakers and join him as he dug up a bottle. One of them was David Lowry, who recalls first hearing about this famous experiment 20 years ago, when he was an undergraduate student in California. "I was blown away by the length and time at which it was occurring," he says. "I never imagined I'd be involved as well." Telewski went to Lowry's office a couple of years ago and handed him the map. "And [Telewski] said, you know, in case something happens to me, you have the map. And a couple of months later, he had a stroke," recalls Lowry. "Fortunately, he mostly recovered from that. But there was a moment where it was like, 'Wow, I'm really glad that that handoff had occurred.' " Even with the map and with Telewski healthy enough to lead the way, it was actually hard to find the right spot to dig in the dark. At first the team got slightly off track, then figured out its mistake and started digging again. Birds began waking up and chirping, and the team worried that it wouldn't be done before sunrise. Lars Brudvig, another one of the new caretakers, said the whole experience of working on this felt different from the research he has done in the past. "Almost like more pressure or something than normal," says Brudvig. "Because I'm part of this bigger process, it's bigger than me, and I really want to make sure that it's done right and carried forward properly — both for the generations of plant biologists in the past who have been involved, but also for those generations that are still to come who will be involved in the future." He and Lowry watched as Marjorie Weber, the third new caretaker, got down onto the ground and stuck her head into the hole. She groped around in the dirt, feeling tree roots and then something smooth. "I think I found it," she exclaimed, and everyone cheered. Then a moment later, she reported, "Wait — maybe not. ... Oh. It was a rock." Everyone groaned. A microbiologist named Richard Lenski looked on. "The others were digging and trying to figure everything out, and I sort of held the map and held it under my jacket to keep it dry at one point. That was my hard work," says Lenski. "I was wondering if cops might show up at some point." Lenski wasn't part of the Beal experiment; he'd asked to come along as an observer. He has a special interest in long-term studies because he has his own going on just across campus. He started it in 1988, to study bacterial evolution, and recently picked a younger successor to carry it on. "I like to think of our experiment as long term, both in the past

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Jordan Strikes At ISIS; Obama Said To Be Preparing To Request War Powers. -- Pilots Of Doomed Taipei Flight Faced Problems With Both Engines. And here are more early headlines: French, German Leaders To Fly To Moscow To Discuss Ukraine. (Telegraph) Heavy "Pineapple Express" Storm To Hit West Coast. (Los Angeles Times) IMF Officials Offer $100 Million In Debt Relief To 3 Ebola-Hit Countries. (Guardian) Australian Prime Minister Faces Internal Leadership Challenge. (New York Times) Kansas Governor Will Reduce Education Spending To Close Budget Gap. (Kansas City Star) Virus Kills A Fourth Giant Panda At Chinese Rescue Center. (South China Morning Post) Canal Builders In Nicaragua Discover 15,000 Ancient Relics. (AP) Obituary Jokes That Seahawks' Superbowl Loss Led To Man's Death. (Time)


Question:
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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

From one of Ted's recommended recordings, John Eliot Gardiner conducts the Monteverdi Choir and the English Baroque Soloists in a setting of the 121st Psalm, part of Monteverdi's Vespers of 1610. The recording was made in St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice, the magnificent space for which Monteverdi composed his music. (Archiv 429 565-2)

2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: The Promise Keepers Open Its Doors To Women

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The Promise Keepers, a men's evangelical group, celebrates 20 years of ministry with their "A Time to Honor" conference. This year, for the first time, program coordinators have created special sessions aimed at both men and women.   Promise Keepers President Raleigh Washington talks about his organization's mission and how the men see themselves as protectors of the women in their lives. MICHEL MARTIN, host:  And now to Faith Matters. That's the part of the program where we talk about issues that touch on matters of faith and spirituality. Today, we take a closer look at the Promise Keepers. It's a Christian group ministry for men to support them in being better leaders, fathers and husbands. The organization became famous for filling stadiums for men-only worship services. But the Promise Keepers are about to turn 20, and things are changing. At the 2009 conference, which starts today in Boulder, Colorado, the Promise Keepers will include programs for both men and women. To talk about that, we're joined by Pastor Raleigh B. Washington. He's the president and the vice Chairman of the Promise Keepers organization. Welcome, thank you so much for joining us.  Mr. RALEIGH B. WASHINGTON (President, Vice Chairman, Promise Keepers): Michel, I'm very, very happy to be with you and especially glad to talk about Promise Keepers.  MARTIN: Well, thank you. And just for people who aren't as familiar with the group as some might be, the stated mission of the Promise Keepers is to quote, ignite and unite men to become warriors who will change their world through living out the seven promises to God, their families, their fellow man and community. I think a lot of people will remember the mass rally for the Promise Keepers in Washington, D.C., in 1997, where it's estimated that about a million men joined the spiritual gathering on the Mall. So if you could just talk a little bit about what the group does.  Mr. WASHINGTON: Absolutely. Promise Keepers is a catalytic ministry. We call men together in large numbers and catalyze them to make a difference in their life, their families, and in the world in which they live. We want men to be warriors, who will literally change their world through living out the seven promises of a Promise Keeper. To be good husbands, good fathers, who will set the standard, live the standard, and influence other men to be godly warriors for all days.  MARTIN: Why did you and Bill McCartney - coach McCartney, who is one of the founders, who I should mention is a former coach of the University of Colorado football team, feel that a men's organization was necessary? Many churchgoers will be familiar with, you know, a men's day or a women's day. But why did you and coach McCartney and some of the other group leaders feel like a men's organization is necessary, or has been necessary, over the years?  Mr. WASHINGTON: Well, coach McCartney is the consummate man's man. He's a coach. He likes to get nose-to-nose with men in the locker room and challenge them to really be the best they can be as a team, to make a difference and to win a ballgame. The excitement that he saw in the football stadiums or the football game - he was asked once by Dave Wordell(ph), as they were in a car together. He said, coach, if a - if you could do anything you want and money wasn't an object, what would you do? And he said, I would fill stadiums with men, crying out the name of Jesus instead of - for a football team. And they got excited about that, called some other men together, and called a meeting that had 4,400 men come together at CU campus. And that was the beginning of Promise Keepers.  MARTIN: Part of the group's mission, or ethos, is that many of our problems as a society arise from the fact that men have abdicated their leadership role, and that they need to rediscover their role in the family, their importance in the family. And of course, people can argue with the premise or not, but there's always been - there's on the one hand people certainly appreciate the goal of the Promise Keepers, which is just to help men be faithful and committed to their families. But people have always had this question of whether it's sexist to have this kind of male-only focus. What do you say to them?  Mr. WASHINGTON: Well, I think in the same way, Michel, that you see a lot of very effective women's organizations, women's - aglow, women of faith, who minister to women dealing with issues that are common to women, that same thing is true for men. In terms of sexist, there's nothing to be further away from the organization. Throughout out our history, we've been closely aligned with women. Frankly, we would always have 500, 600, 700 volunteers supporting us. Half of those volunteers were women, who would be praying and standing with us. And I can tell you this: Half of the men who showed up showed up because their wives bought a ticket and said, you're going to go, because they saw the difference in how that man expressed love to th

Stories: 1) 'The Gospel of Judas and the Shaping of Christianity' 2) 'How Doctors Think' 3) "The Other Side of You"


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

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Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Judge Rules In Favor Of T-Mobile Takeover Of Sprint

T-Mobile is closer to taking over Sprint after a federal judge rejected arguments by several states that the merger would stifle competition and lead to higher prices for consumers. The deal would combine the country's third- and fourth-largest wireless carriers. The new company, to be called T-Mobile, would still be the third-largest, after AT&T and Verizon.  U.S. District Court Judge Victor Marrero concluded that the proposed merger "is not reasonably likely to substantially lessen competition" in the wireless market.  In his ruling Tuesday, Marrero said he was persuaded not to presume anticompetitive effects, as T-Mobile "has redefined itself over the past decade as a maverick that has spurred the two largest players in its industry to make numerous pro-consumer changes." He said that Sprint, meanwhile, "is falling farther and farther short of the targets it must hit to remain relevant." Marrero was not convinced that Sprint is likely to survive as a major competitor. The case was brought by the attorneys general of New York, California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and the District of Columbia. The Justice Department has already approved the deal, which was valued at $26.5 billion when the merger was announced in 2018. The merger remains subject to closing conditions and the possibility of further court proceedings. New York Attorney General Letitia James said the states are considering an appeal. "From the start, this merger has been about massive corporate profits over all else, and despite the companies' false claims, this deal will endanger wireless subscribers where it hurts most: their wallets," James said in a statement. "There is no doubt that reducing the mobile market from four to three will be bad for consumers, bad for workers, and bad for innovation, which is why the states stepped up and led this lawsuit." Part of the agreement is the combined company would help establish Dish Network as a fourth major wireless company. Sprint's prepaid customers would be moved to Dish, while most of Sprint's other customers would have plans through T-Mobile. Sprint and T-Mobile cheered Marrero's ruling. The companies say the merger would allow them to build a nationwide 5G network more quickly. "[N]ow we are FINALLY able to focus on the last steps to get this merger done!" T-Mobile CEO John Legere said in a statement. "We want to thank the Court for its thorough review of the facts we presented in our case. We've said it all along: the New T-Mobile will be a supercharged Un-carrier that is great for consumers and great for competition." Shares of both Sprint and T-Mobile rose early Tuesday on news of the ruling.

Good morning - we're following these stories today. 'Epic' Wildfire Sends Tens Of Thousands Scrambling For Safety In Colorado. Sign Of Peace: Queen Elizabeth Shakes Hand Of Former IRA Commander. Syrian Rebels Attack Pro-Government TV Station. (Reuters) On The Left, Rangel Survives; On The Right, Hatch Handily Wins. Weakened Tropical Storm Debby Still Pouring On Florida. (CBS) Stockton, Calif. Stops Bond Payments, Moves Toward Bankruptcy. (Los Angeles Times) Two Weeks After Firing Her, University Of Virginia Leaders Rehire University President. (Washington Post) Federal Judge Suspends Sales Of New Galaxy Tablet In Patent Dispute With Apple. (ComputerWorld) ACLU Will Represent Georgia Klan Chapter In Adopt-A-Highway Dispute. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Search Continues For Victims Buried In Canadian Mall Roof Collapse. (Toronto Star)


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Question: The News Roundup — Domestic

In the midst of a historic heatwave, President Joe Biden met with governors in affected states, cabinet officials, and private sector partners about the droughts and wildfires. The administration announced it will move to increase pay for federal firefighters. Missouri has seen a spike in COVID-19 cases likely driven by the highly transmissible Delta variant. Some 3,000 new cases account for a 20 percent jump identified in the state over the last week. The year-long effort to pass a bipartisan police reform bill in Congress is in jeopardy after the Fraternal Order of Police released a statement warning lawmakers that the work towards an agreeable bill was threatened by “demagoguery and scare tactics.” We cover the most important stories from around the country on the News Roundup.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


Question:
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E.g. ['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Sir Isaac Newton Experimented With A Cure For The 1660s Plague'] == ['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', "In documents up for auction, we're learning about Newton's experiment. First, hang a toad upside down for three days and collect its vomit. Then grind it all up and apply the mixture topically."] != ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism']

Question: Obama Offers Another Hand To Businesses, More Tax Breaks

President Obama is proposing some new tax breaks he hopes will encourage businesses to expand and get the economy moving again. The President is set to unveil the tax breaks along with a plan for $50 billion worth of infrastructure investment in a speech about the economy on Wednesday, but some details about the tax breaks are already being reported. One proposed tax break that's receiving a lot of attention, would allow business to write off 100 percent of new capital investments, money spent on plants and equipment, through 2011. Companies can already deduct these expenses, but currently they have to wait longer to do so. Allowing businesses to take the deduction upfront, will mean they have more cash on hand to spend or invest. Economists at the White House estimate that the plan would cut business taxes by around $200 billion over two years. The President is also going to propose increasing and making permanent tax credits for research and development. The research tax credit is typically extended by Congress year after year, but some gaps have left business groups frustrated. Read More: What impact will these tax breaks have? Laura Tyson, a member of the president's economic recovery advisory board, spoke about the proposed extension on CBS's "Face The Nation" this weekend.  ...I don't think this is something that has an immediate - as immediate a  job impact as, say, movement on the current tax credits for the  unemployed or extending a payroll tax holiday of some sort," she  continued. "But I think it's very important in terms of job creation  over the longer term. So if we're thinking about growth and long-term  good jobs, research is important."  Administration officials estimate that making the tax credit permanent would cost around $100 billion over the next decade. President Obama's call for expanding tax cuts for businesses, comes as he is facing criticism for not extending another set of tax cuts, those for the top two percent of income earners. In an interview with the WSJ, Bill Rys, tax counsel for the National Federation of  Independent Business, a small-business group, said the expiration of these cuts is a higher priority for many in his community.  The best thing to do is to get rid of uncertainty, and that includes  the cliff we're falling off with all these [tax] provisions that are  expiring.  The tax cuts for higher earners are set to expire at the end of this year.

Good morning, here are our early stories: After Chávez: His 'Revolution' Is Likely To Continue. Storm Brings Season's Heaviest Snowfall To Midwest, Mid-Atlantic. And here are more early headlines: Brennan's CIA Nomination On 'Fast Track'; Vote May Come As Early As Thursday. (AP) Finally! Last Cardinal Expected Soon At Vatican To Help Choose New Pope. (CNN) Could Dow's New Record Prompt More Spending By Wealthy? (Marketwatch) European Union Fines Microsoft For Denying Consumers Web Browser Choice. (Reuters) After Two Years Of Fighting, Syria Has 1 Million Refugees. (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles City Councilman, Controller, Headed For Mayoral Runoff. (KPCC) Czech Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Under Attack By Hackers. (Reuters) Did The Duchess Of Cambridge Drop A Hint About Her Baby's Gender? (People)


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Question: Filmically Perfect: "DOUBLE INDEMNITY" (1944)

Phyllis (Stanwyck): There's a speed limit in this state, Mr. Neff. 45 miles an hour.  Walter (MacMurray): How fast was I going, officer?  Phyllis: I'd say around 90.  Walter: Suppose you get down off your motorcycle and give me a ticket.

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Film critic DAVID THOMSON and filmmaker and director JAMES TOBACK. They interview each other for a revival of round table discussion at "Spoken Word at the Algonquin" in New York city's famous Algonquin Hotel, and discuss the state of moviemaking and movie criticism today. THOMSON's latest book is "Beneath Mulholland: Thoughts on Hollywood and its Ghosts" (Knopf). TOBACK directed the movies "Fingers," "Exposed," and "The Pick up Artist." (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:


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Question: A Cellist Offers Hope To Mother Earth

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There they were, Greenpeace activists hanging from cranes in the sky. The banner, reading "RESIST," unfurled within sight of the White House after President Trump froze EPA grants and ordered the environmental agency to remove climate-change research from its website. It was a potent image Wednesday, perhaps setting a tone for years to come. Working under the Saltland moniker, Rebecca Foon calls her second solo album, A Common Truth, a meditation on climate change. The Montreal cellist and composer works in climate justice and has been a member of Esmerine, Thee Silver Mt. Zion Orchestra and Set Fire To Flames, and has recently toured with Colin Stetson's Sorrow orchestra performing Gorecki's 3rd Symphony. Here, Foon places her focus on the acoustic and processed sounds of her cello to represent a natural world in flux. "I Only Wish This For You" layers somber cello loops with equal parts elegance and anger, swooping one moment and crashing the next. With a voice equally suited to opening petals and opening wounds, Foon sings to the earth like a mother to a newborn, beaming with hope while gripped with fear. But she also offers an alternate form of resistance: transformation.  Oh, to what end How to break This vicious cycle of greed A fight Transformation I only Wish this for you  A Common Truth comes out March 31 on Constellation.

Stories: 1) Reporter Explores America's Unique Take on Justice 2) Growing Up In a Surfer Family, Wipeouts and All


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Question: Ike Reilly On World Cafe

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Born in the small town of Libertyville, Ill., Ike Reilly began his music career in the late '80s, when he secured gigs in Chicago with The Drovers, The Eisenhowers and Community 9. His own eclectic tastes were evident from the start: Early on, he touched on punk, blues and Celtic sounds. Reilly took a break from music in the '90s and worked a handful of odd jobs, including stints as a doorman and a cemetery worker.  In 2001, Reilly got a lucky break when some of his demo work fell into the hands of Michael Simpson (a.k.a. E.Z. Mike) of The Dust Brothers. Soon after, he returned with an album called Salesmen and Racists. Reilly's gritty voice and honest, provocative lyrics helped the album earn positive reviews. Since 2003, Reilly and his band have gone by the name The Ike Reilly Assasination, and have delivered a string of craggy, clever rock 'n' roll albums. Reilly's latest, Hard Luck Stories, features the band's characteristic mix of grit and twang on a more narrative bent. Here, Reilly talks about the new record and gives an in-studio performance at WXPN.

Stories: 1) Actor Paul Rudd, Rewriting the Commandments 2) Massacre's 'Lonely Heart,' Claudia Quintet's 'For'


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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

From one of Ted's recommended recordings, Sir Colin Davis conducts soprano Heather Harper and the London Symphony Orchestra and Choir in the pastoral sections of Part One of Handel's "Messiah." (Philips 438 356-2)

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Question: 'Red Riding': Noir Horror In Britain's Grim Gray North

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"It's gettin' dead murky, innit?" comments a copper in Red Riding: 1980, the middle — and best — installment in The Red Riding Trilogy. He's referring to a serial-killer case, but he might as well be speaking as an audience surrogate: This serpentine crime procedural, spanning 10 years, three films and multiple, overlapping plotlines, laughs at the expectations of viewers accustomed to Law and Order rhythms and scenes that slam shut. Here, closure is a reward offered to none but the dead. But to say that Red Riding is about serial killings is like saying The Wire is about drug deals. Set in the gray, wind-swept area of northern England known as West Yorkshire, and based on a quartet of novels by David Peace (a Yorkshire native who has lived in Tokyo since 1994), the three chapters — 1974, 1980 and 1983 — evoke a time and a place of systemic corruption and claustrophobic brutality. Like Peace's novel The Damned Utd (filmed last year as The Damned United), the stories are fictions woven on a framework of grim reality: Margaret Thatcher's assault on the mining unions rumbles in the background, while the actual case of the Yorkshire Ripper, Peter William Sutcliffe (eerily portrayed by Joseph Mawle), dominates the foreground. It's probably fair to say the Yorkshire Tourist Board wasn't too thrilled with the result. Yet there's a terrible beauty to these films that compensates for, and perhaps arises from, their unbearable bleakness. Though each was assigned to a different director — Julian Jarrold (Brideshead Revisited), James Marsh (Man on Wire) and Anand Tucker (Shopgirl),  respectively — and shot in a different format (16mm, 35mm, digital), the final work is miraculously all of a piece. Sharing characters, themes and the echoes of events, the segments dovetail almost seamlessly; since there was no collaboration among the directors, the kudos for this fluidity goes to the actors (many of whom worked on all three films simultaneously) and to Tony Grisoni's screenplays, which capture the books' merciless nihilism in language so pungently authentic that American audiences may long for a glossary. With a bit of patience, though, they won't be lost. A heady stew of pornography, prostitution, pedophilia and police brutality, the story opens in 1974 as Eddie Dunford (a terrific Andrew Garfield), a young newspaper reporter, returns home for his father's funeral to find a community traumatized by the Yorkshire Ripper and a seemingly unrelated series of child abductions. The trail leads to a shady property developer (Sean Bean), though the local police seem reluctant to follow it.  As Eddie becomes involved with the mother of one of the missing girls, he uncovers — and will eventually be destroyed by — an underworld of tortured suspects and backroom deals, a place where answers are glimpsed out of the corner of the eye, and the innocent understand there is no one to protect them. By 1980, the Ripper has killed 12 women, and senior police officer Peter Hunter (a superb Paddy Considine) has been brought in from Manchester to review Yorkshire's inability to catch the killer. Haunted by flashbacks, tortured by a crumbling marriage and an on-the-job affair, and distrusted by the local cops, Hunter moves through the film like a lost soul. "How deep does the rot go?" he asks at one point, though the question won't be answered until 1983, when a troubled cop (David Morrissey) and a world-weary lawyer (Mark Addy) are ambushed by consciences they had forgotten they possessed. Slithering backward, forward and sideways, the stories unfold beneath a clammy blanket of dread and a thematic obsession with power. And though the crimes themselves can seem cliched and overly reliant on religious symbolism, the dark poetry of the filmmaking holds our attention.  Recurring preoccupations — the legacies of parents, the uselessness of doing the right thing — undergird conversations in dank interrogation rooms and cheap council houses, where neighbors' voices bleed through dingy wallpaper and electric fireplaces offer fake warmth. Outside, the blasted moors and dishwater skies (what Jarrold has called Yorkshire's "psychogeography") lend the trilogy's seedy details a near-gothic majesty: It's somehow fitting that the identity of a killer is concealed in the ravings of a madwoman. Dense with cigarette smoke and long-buried secrets, The Red Riding Trilogy is familiar noir territory landscaped in mythic regionalism. "To the North — where we do what we want" is the habitual toast in the cops' favorite pub, and they prove it at every narrative turn. And if 1983 shifts the mood slightly from the real to the surreal, we can forgive Anand Tucker his final, desperate stab at hopefulness: His destination may be ho-hum, but our journey has been magnificent.

Stories: 1) Nick Cave: A Dark, Intricate Songwriter 2) Cranston Cooks Up Emmy Gold In 'Breaking Bad' 3) Spike Lee's Epic Canvas, Painted With Broad Strokes


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Question: Letters: A New Kidney, Neil Young and a Newspaper

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Among the topics: Matt Holzmann's story of the day he finally got a new kidney; Neil Young's protest music; and the old-fashioned -- and highly successful -- Anniston Star newspaper of Anniston, Ala.

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: Week In Politics Examined

Senate Democrats hoped to have enough votes this week to pass a health care bill, Obama Cabinet officials faced hostile lawmakers on Capitol Hill and former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin's much-awaited book hit bookstores. Political analysts E.J. Dionne, of The Washington Post, and David Brooks, of The New York Times, offer their insight.

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Stories: 1) Venturing Inside Bellevue's Psychiatric ER 2) Capitalism's Paradoxes, Writ Personal On Film


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


Question: Listener Limerick Challenge

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The EU discovers an inconvenient truth about the double Windsor; scientists ask the Earth to cut down on the Slimfast; and we apologize for centuries of negative rodent stereotypes.

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Ballerina Struggles To Unleash 'Black Swan' Within

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December is Oscar bait season at the movies, when there's a surge of films coming into theaters before the end of the year to qualify for the Academy Awards. One of the movies in that race opens Friday: Black Swan.

Stories: 1) To Become A 'Black Swan,' Portman Had To Go Dark 2) Actor Vincent Cassel: A Good Guy Who Plays Villains


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Question: Bush Reacts to Bin Laden Tape

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President Bush campaigned in Ohio yesterday. He responded with a short, defiant statement to the latest video released by Osama bin Laden. NPR's David Welna reports.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- In Syria, Peace Plan 'Is Unraveling'. -- Pentagon Condemns Actions Of Soldiers Posing With Suicide Bombers' Remains. -- Ted Nugent Stands Firm, Secret Service To Look Into His Words About Obama. Other stories making news: Read More -- "Obama, Romney In Dead Heat Among Registered Voters." (CBS News) -- Norway's Mass Murderer Says "He Should Either Be Acquitted Or Executed;" A Jail Term Would Be "Pathetic." (The Guardian) -- "Secret Service Inquiry Leads To Colombian Brothels." (The New York Times) -- "GSA Official's Wife Accompanied Him On Trips At Taxpayer Expense." (The Washington Post) -- "Ozzie Guillen Back In Marlins' Dugout, Promises To Manage His Mouth." (Miami Herald) -- "Spanish King Juan Carlos Sorry For Botswana Hunt Trip." (BBC News)


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]


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Question: NASA Designed Perfume Captures Smell Of Outer Space

A new Kickstarter campaign has been launched to sell Eau de Space to the public — an aroma recreated by NASA decades ago to help astronauts acclimate to space during training.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Egypt: Fear That 'Day Of Rage' Will Add To Body Count. -- NSA Has Broken Privacy Rules 'Thousands Of Times Each Year'. -- There It Is! Area 51 Revealed In Declassified CIA Report. And here are more early headlines: Earthquakes Rattle New Zealand's Capital. (Radio New Zealand) Consumer Prices Rise Slightly In July. (Bloomberg) High Temperatures, Wind Fan Massive Idaho Wildfire. (Reuters) Caribbean Storm Could Form New Tropical Depression. (Weather.com) NASA Says Planet-Hunting Spacecraft "Kepler" Is Badly Disabled. (National Geographic) Voyager 1 Has Left The Solar System - Or Not. (Los Angeles Times) Dispute Over Burial Of Richard III's Bones Goes To Court. (BBC) Baseball To Widen Use Of Instant Replay Next Year. (ESPN)


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Question: Kagan, Coburn Spar Over Fake Veggie Law Instead Of Health Law

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Senator-Doctor Tom Coburn picked a novel way to try to get an answer out of SCOTUS nominee Elena Kagan yesterday on the new health law -- he used veggies. An ardent opponent of the health care law, Coburn asked Kagan whether it would be constitutional if Congress required Americans to eat three vegetables and fruits a day to save on health costs. "Sounds like a dumb law," Kagan said. "But I think that the question of whether it’s a dumb law is different from ... the question of whether it’s constitutional and I think that courts would be wrong to strike down laws that they think are senseless just because they’re senseless." Read More Coburn replied: “Yeah, but I got one that's real similar to it that I think is  equally dumb. I'm not going to mention which it is.” As health policy watchers know, Coburn was clearly getting at whether the new requirement to buy health insurance is constitutional -- an issue expected to be challenged in courts across the country, starting in Virginia tomorrow. One of those challenges may even make it to the Supreme Court. While Politico's Josh Gerstein suggests Kagan gave a half-answer, she sounded perfectly in tune with what the Obama administration has been saying on the issue all along: The government has broad powers to regulate interstate commerce, and buying health insurance has a big impact on interstate commerce. Lots of Republicans just flat out disagree. Senate Judiciary Republicans posted a video of part of the exchange yesterday under this headline: "Kagan declines to say gov't has no power to tell Americans what to eat." Meanwhile, the public remains divided. The latest Kaiser poll shows Americans are slightly more supportive of the overhaul bill than last month and fewer dislike it. However, only one-third of Americans like the mandate requiring them to buy insurance, and 65 percent say the disagreements between candidates of both political parties on the merits of the law stem are more about gaining political advantage than actual policy differences.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: U.S. Plans Military Tribunals for Yemeni, Sudanese

The United States charges a Sudanese man and a Yemeni under military indictments, clearing the way for the nation's first military tribunals to be held since World War II. The government ties the men to al Qaeda. They're being held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where the tribunals are expected to take place. Hear NPR's Michele Norris and NPR's Jackie Northam.

Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: Cheese-Making Tradition Melts Away in Camembert

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France is known for its hundreds of cheeses, but the most famous is perhaps the soft, round Camembert. To be considered a true Camembert, the cheese must be made in Normandy, in northwest France, from the milk of Norman cows.  But in the village of Camembert itself, there's only one man making the cheese in the traditional way.      SCOTT SIMON, host:       This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.  I'm Scott Simon.  Coming up, the      musical sounds of Brooklyn, not just taxi horns.       But first, well, France is known for its hundreds of cheeses.  The most      famous is perhaps the soft round Camembert now enjoyed all over the      world.  But to be considered a real Camembert, the cheese must be made in      Normandy in northwest France from the milk of Normand cows.  In the      village of Camembert, there's only one man left making cheese in the      traditional way.  Eleanor Beardsley reports.       (Soundbite of bell)       ELEANOR BEARDSLEY reporting:       The tiny village of Camembert lies in the heart of Normandy nestled among      patchwork fields dotted with grazing cows.  Aside from the satellite      dishes that now crown some of the thatched roof houses, not much seems to      have changed here in the past 200 years except name recognition, of      course.  The name Camembert is now famous the world over.  The last      cheese maker in the village, Francois Durand, still makes his Camembert      by hand.       Mr. FRANCOIS DURAND (Cheese Maker):  (Through Translator) My name is      Francois Durand.  I'm 44 years old and I make farm-style Camembert cheese      in Camembert. And I'm also the last maker of farm-style,      Appalachian-controlled Camembert cheese in France.       (Soundbite of cows mooing)       BEARDSLEY:  Farm-style means that Durand uses the milk from his own cows      to make about 120,000 Camembert a year.  This morning, he is just      beginning a fresh batch.  After heating vats of freshly drawn milk to 90      degrees, he mixes in a small dose of the enzyme rennin which is extracted      from the stomachs of calves.  The enzyme called pizura(ph) in France      curdles the vats of milk which Durand then cuts and ladles into dozens of      Camembert molds lined up on straw mats.  Most large industrial Camembert      makers use a mechanized process and many pasteurize their milk.  But in      the tradition of the best cheese makers, Durand works with unpasteurized      or raw milk.       Mr. DURAND:  (Through Translator) There's a huge difference in taste      between a pasteurized cheese and a raw milk cheese.  By using raw milk,      we keep all the natural fermentations.  When you pasteurize or heat the      milk to 167 degrees, you kill the fermentations in the milk and you have      to use synthetic ones that aren't as good.       BEARDSLEY:  Durand claims cheese made from raw milk has distinct      advantages for the human body.       Mr. DURAND:  (Through Translator) Someone who only eats pasteurized      products, the day he comes across a pathogen like wisteria, will be a lot      more vulnerable than someone who has eaten raw milk products all his life      because the body gradually immunizes itself.       BEARDSLEY:  After the curdled milk is ladled into the molds layer by      layer, it is left for 24 hours.  By then, the liquid has drained off and      the cheese has become more dense.  When the molds are removed, the round      cheeses are salted but they're not Camembert yet.  For the transformation      to take place, the cheese must spend at least two more weeks in a cool      dark room for the process of affinage.  During this time, a layer of      fuzzy white mold develops on the cheese giving it the distinctive      Camembert odor and taste.       (Soundbite of bell)       BEARDSLEY:  Just down the hill from the church in Camembert stands a      memorial to Marie Harel.  She's credited with inventing the cheese in      1789.  The mayor's office in the small Camembert museum next door both      closed, but 80-year-old Camembert native Pierre Blais(ph) is outside in      his garden.  He points to a wooden-beamed house on a hill where he says      Marie Harel used to live.       Mr. PIERRE BLAIS (Camembert Native):  (Through Translator) She hid a      priest there in that house up on the hill because, you know, during the      French Revolution, priests were meant to disappear.  Well, he was hidden      for quite a while up there at that house, and during that time, he gave      her the secret to making Camembert.       BEARDSLEY:  From time to time, this story has been contested but no one      has yet found a better version.       (Soundbite of rustled paper)       BEARDSLEY:  Back at the farm, newly made Camembert is being wrapped in      waxed paper and put into little round wooden boxes.  Durand says what he      loves most about his craft is that he controls the process from beginning      to end, but that's also what makes it challenging.       Mr

Stories: 1) In a Morrocco Town, a Cradle for Killers 2) Plowing Under 'The Perfect Crop' in Afghanistan 3) Dewey Redman Revisited


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Question: After Chaotic Year, Dramas Play At TV Upfronts

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Television networks announce their brand-new lineups at the upfront presentation -- the period where advertisers can buy commercial time before the season begins.  And after a year of disappointing ad sales, viewer losses, and the Conan/Leno combustion over at NBC, the networks have plenty to sell.

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['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Farai Chideya and News & Notes editor Sasa Woodruff read and respond to listeners' e-mails concerning Rene Marie's singing of the Black National Anthem and the most recent controversial cover of The New Yorker featuring Barack and Michelle Obama."] == ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Responding to Your Letters']

Stories: 1) Going 'One On One' With Sports' Greatest Stars 2) At Midseason, Serial Dramas Serve Up Big Twists


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Question: Crispy-Edged Roasted Brussels Sprouts

If you think you dislike Brussels sprouts, think again. Or don't think at all — just go get some and roast and eat them. By then, everything will likely have changed. Pleasantly crusty on the outside and soft and savory on the inside, roasted Brussels sprouts are a revelation. Added bonus: The outer leaves that invariably fall off during the baking process will crispen into little "chips." NOTE: These will keep for up to 5 days in a tightly covered container in the refrigerator. 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil (possibly more) 4 cups (1 pound) Brussels sprouts, halved or quartered lengthwise (or left whole, if small) Salt 1) Preheat the oven to 425 degrees F. Line a baking tray with foil and coat it with oil. 2) Place the Brussels sprouts cut-side down on the prepared tray, moving them around so that all the cut surfaces touch some of the oil. 3) Place the tray in the center of the oven for 10 minutes. At this point, shake the tray and/or use tongs to redistribute the sprouts so that more surfaces can come into contact with the hot oil. 4) Roast for another 5 minutes, or until a taste test tells you the sprouts are done to your liking. (They will cook a little further from their own heat after they come out of the oven.) 5) Remove the tray from the oven and let the sprouts cool for about 10 minutes on the baking tray. You can salt them lightly during this time, if you wish. Serve hot, warm, or at room temperature. Yield: 4 servings  Excerpted from The Vegetable Dishes I Can't Live Without by Mollie Katzen. Copyright 2007 Tante Malka Inc. Published by Hyperion. All Rights Reserved.

Stories: 1) Putting Puppies Behind Bars (For A Good Cause) 2) Forensic Vet Helps Prevent Animal Cruelty 3) Rescuing Katrina's Four-Legged Victims


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

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Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

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Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: Arizona Drinking Water

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Mitch Teich, from member station KNAU, reports on the continuing battle in Flagstaff, Arizona's, battle over adding fluoride to the water. Dentists and doctors are singing the praises of fluoride's ability to protect teeth from cavities, but some residents are holding onto McCarthy-era fears of fluoride as a tool of the Communists.

Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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Question: Internet poker takes seat at table of politics

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The fast-growing Poker Players Alliance is fighting measures to curb wagering on Internet poker.

Internet poker has surpassed sports betting as the most popular form of online gambling -- an industry that now takes in as much as $10 billion a year. There's one catch:  playing online poker -- for money -- is illegal in the United States.


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Question: Opinion: Here's A Dad Joke! What Does The Buffalo Tell His Son In The Morning?

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Why don't you hear a pterodactyl go to the bathroom? The P is silent.  I'm a father. I tell dad jokes. See that farmer? A man outstanding in his field. Peter Sokolowski, editor at large of Merriam-Webster, defined dad jokes for us as "an obvious or predictable pun or play on words and usually judged to be endearingly corny or unfunny." Did you see that documentary about beavers? What a great dam show ... You may not believe this, but there was a time when I was known to make comic observations on social and political issues that some people found pointed, sharp and contemporary. Now I say: Termite walks into a bar and asks, "Is the bar tender here?" Did you get a hair cut? No, I got them all cut! I think dad jokes begin to pop out of fathers when the most important audience in life becomes our children. You want to make them laugh by any means necessary — silly faces and comic belches. When they gain the power of speech, you stoop to dad jokes. That graveyard is so popular, people are dying to get in! What does the buffalo tell his son in the morning? Bye, son! Our daughters are too sophisticated to traffic in such humor now. But I still tell them dad jokes the way I still speak to our family with some of the winsome little childhood phrases they used to use — "Oooh, that soup is picey!"  "Well, I gotta go worken!" — even as our daughters have grown far too refined, and now enunciate like Dame Judi Dench. Fathers, like mothers, see their children as all ages at once. It is the special vision of parents. We recognize that self-assured teen and poised adolescent in front of us.  But we also see them through a smoke of memories and tears as the infants and toddlers we once held — and held so close — as we tried to earn the happy bubbles of their giggles. We will see our children that way, somewhere in our minds and hearts, even on the day they win the Nobel Prize.  I've come to regard dad jokes as a sign that even as our children outgrow our low humor, fathers never outgrow our duty to make them feel encouraged, loved and cherished.  And to try to make our children laugh. You know, I was named after Shakespeare? Yes, my name is Scott, but I was named after Shakespeare.  I ordered a chicken and an egg from Amazon. I wonder what'll come first.

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: Episode 500! And Jobs Friday

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Two reasons to blow the airhorn today: it's Jobs Friday, and The Indicator's 500th episode! Today on the show, we talk to Martha Gimbel about the latest jobs report from December of 2019. And we also discuss major trends in the labor market from 2019: a slowdown in the goods-producing sector, a continued increase in women's share of the workforce, and a persistent racial gap in unemployment.  Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter.  Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: From A Recently Released

From a recently released CD, Kim Heindel performs the Prelude to Johann Sebastian Bach's Suite in E major, S. 1006A, on the lautenwerk (LOW-ten-VAIRK), a kind of combination lute and harpsichord in which the keys are pressed, resulting in a strings being plucked. (Dorian Discovery DIS-80126)

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news. This week: good bleeping news for broadcasters, a Democrat other than Joe Biden sticks his foot in his mouth, and a New York Yankees loss.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: As Waters Rise, Miami Beach Builds Higher Streets And Political Willpower

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Miami Beach is one of the nation's cities most vulnerable to climate change — and its leaders are doing something about it. The city, a national leader in addressing climate, has begun to make improvements aimed at protecting residents from rising sea levels. In South Florida, the rate of sea-level rise has tripled over the last decade, according to a new study from the University of Miami. The rising seas raise questions for many about whether the resort community has a future. Officials there say the answer is emphatically yes and they're moving ahead with plans for a resilient city. The small city on a barrier island, just 7 miles long and 1 mile wide, is getting a makeover. Major thoroughfares are being rebuilt, new storm sewers and pumps are being installed. Miami Beach Mayor Philip Levine likes to show off work recently completed in the Sunset Harbor neighborhood on the western edge of the island, "the lowest area of our city," he says, "which of course was developed on muck." Over the last decade, flooding during high tide in this and other neighborhoods along Miami Beach's western edge has become a regular occurrence. The University of Miami study confirms that the main reason for the increased flood events is sea-level rise. While some elected officials, including Florida's Republican Gov. Rick Scott, aren't ready to acknowledge the threat posed by climate change, here in Miami Beach, it was an issue that helped get Levine elected. "I think I did a campaign commercial in a kayak," he says. Levine took office on a pledge to build a resilient Miami Beach, one that would recognize and adapt to climate change. He holds up Sunset Harbor neighborhood as a model. The patio outside a restaurant and cafe is a cozy spot that's now more than 3 feet below street level. The street was "literally rebuilt, raised and built higher," he says. "And of course major pumps were installed as well. So now you have certain buildings that are lying lower, but the streets are higher." This neighborhood, perennially wet during seasonal high tides, now is dry. To combat flooding, Miami Beach has launched a $400 million project that's begun installing as many as 80 pump stations throughout the city. In addition, more roads on the island's low-lying western edge will be rebuilt higher. City engineer Bruce Mowry is now focused on Miami Beach's next big project: the reconstruction of Indian Creek Drive, a road that saw severe flooding last year during a seasonal high tide. Former Vice President Al Gore took a tour and later talked about seeing fish swimming in the street there. The street runs alongside a lagoon. "We had as much as a foot of water over the seawall," Mowry says. To make sure that doesn't happen this year, he says Miami Beach will rebuild Indian Creek Drive higher and raise the height of the adjoining seawall. "That seawall will end up being about 4 to 5 feet higher than it is now. Two blocks up here, we're planning on putting in a pump station right here and collecting all the water," he says. It's a $25 million project, and — perhaps surprisingly — after negotiations with the Scott administration, 80 percent of that cost is being picked up by the state of Florida. Ben Kirtman, a climate modeling expert at the University of Miami, says it's encouraging the state finally signed on to the project, but it took a lot of negotiation. Kirtman is one of the Florida scientists who have worked to persuade Scott to acknowledge and begin planning for climate change — so far unsuccessfully. Kirtman thinks by working to build a resilient city, officials in Miami Beach are on the right track. "I'm quite optimistic that there'll be a Miami Beach 50 years, 100 years from now. But we need to set aside sort of the political nonsense about the debate about whether climate change is happening and embrace our problem and start developing comprehensive strategies," he says. At current rates of sea-level rise, Levine believes the work underway now will buy the city at least 50 years. By then, he hopes innovation may begin providing long-term solutions and make the city a model for the nation. While others see only a gloomy future for low-lying coastal cities, Levine is a picture of confident optimism. "Look at little Miami Beach — what we're doing and the jobs that we're creating by rebuilding our roads and putting in pumps," he says. "Infrastructure, whether it's building new roads, bridges or public transportation or whether it's making your cities more resilient, is an incredible, positive job grower for our country. So we should grab this challenge and run with it." Levine and Kirtman say building resilient cities is just the first step. The real challenge is to build the political will to address climate change and slow the rising sea levels before elevated structures, pumps and seawalls are no longer enough.

L.A. Gang Violence Spurs Politicians to Action. Central Valley Farmers Put Their Faith in Hail Cannons.


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Given ['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', "China's Economy Falters; Slowest Growth In Nearly 3 Decades"], a positive would be ['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth\nExamples:\n\n"Lessing\'s 1962 book was regarded as among the most important feminist novels of its time. She died Sunday. Fresh Air\'s Terry Gross interviewed Lessing in 1988 and 1992." == "Fresh Air Remembers \'Golden Notebook\' Author Doris Lessing"', 'Updated at 11:50 a.m. ET China\'s economy grew at the slowest pace in 27 years, as the trade war with the United States takes a toll. The second-largest economy in the world grew 6.2% in the second quarter of 2019, a drop from 6.4% in the first quarter, according to data released by the Chinese government. The pace of growth in the second quarter was at its slowest since 1992. Mao Shengyong, a spokesperson for China\'s National Bureau of Statistics, told reporters at a news conference that the "external environment" is more complicated than in the past. Months of trade negotiations between Beijing and Washington have resulted in deadlock. President Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping vowed to resume trade talks after meeting at the G-20 summit in Japan in June. In what analysts see as a momentary truce, Trump chose to hold off on a threat to impose new tariffs on about $300 billion worth of additional Chinese imports. But the president took to Twitter on Monday morning to comment on China\'s economic growth. "The United States Tariffs are having a major effect on companies wanting to leave China for non-tariffed countries," he tweeted. "Thousands of companies are leaving. This is why China wants to make a deal with the U.S., and wishes it had not broken the original deal in the first place." Still, the slowdown is not unexpected. It falls within a target range set by the government of 6% to 6.5%. Domestic spending by Chinese consumers kept the economy slowing even further. As concerns grow within China that its formidable economic growth over the past three decades is softening, the Chinese government continues to implement policies to encourage domestic investment and stimulate the economy. Meanwhile, Trump is expected on Monday to use his political will to sign an executive order meant to boost production of American steel and iron. The move would not be Trump\'s first attempt to bolster the U.S. steel industry. He slapped tariffs on imports from most large, steel-producing countries in 2018. The measure may have escalated tariffs between Chinese and American goods. Economists have warned for months about an economic slowdown in China in 2019. "Even back in November, they were talking about the cold winter coming up. They weren\'t referring to the weather," economist Christopher Balding told NPR in January.'] & a negative would be ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Protests, Clashes Build Again In Cairo. -- Deal Reached On Greek Debt, Markets Rise In Relief. -- Arafat\'s Grave Opened, Samples Taken To Be Tested For Poison. Other stories making news: -- "Fiscal Cliff Compromise: Devil Is In The Definition Of Revenue." (It\'s All Politics) -- Fiscal Cliff Talks "Accelerate." (The Washington Post) -- Bangladesh Factory Fire That Killed More Than 100 "Was Deliberately Set, Officials Believe." (The Guardian) -- "North Korea Suspected Of Planning Rocket Test." (The New York Times) -- Sandy-related Damage In New York And New Jersey Topped $60 Billion, Governors Say. (The Associated Press) -- Dr. Joseph Murray, Who Performed First Successful Kidney Transplant And Won A Nobel Prize, Has Died. (The Associated Press) -- Powerball Jackpot At Record $425 Million — And Growing — Ahead Of Wednesday Drawing. (ABC News)']

Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Nobel Peace Prize Winner Wangari Matthai

A discussion with Nobel Peace Prize-winning biologist Wangari Matthai. (pre-recorded)

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['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Laura Burhenn is the voice and driving force behind the soulful band The Mynabirds. Originally one-half of the indie-rock duo Georgie James, Burhenn began to write for The Mynabirds in the spring of 2009. Retreating to the mountains of Oregon with producer Richard Swift, she recorded a bold and powerful debut, What We Lose in the Fire We Gain in the Flood. The album conjures images of a night spent dancing to classic soul records.'] == ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "The Mynabirds On 'World Cafe: Next'"]

Stories: 1) Veteran Peacemakers O'Malley, Maharaj on Iraq 2) Nuala O'Faolain, Journalist and Author, Dead at 68


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Question: U.S. Monitors For Cyber Operations In Crimea Standoff

The standoff between Russia and Ukraine is being watched closely to see how a tool of modern warfare, cyber operations, might be employed. So far, what's been seen isn't too sophisticated.

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Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Poet Mark Doty Pays Tribute To Walt Whitman In His New Book

NPR's Ari Shapiro talks with American poet Mark Doty about his new book, What Is the Grass: Walt Whitman in My Life.

Stories: 1) Writer Robert Stone Relives Counterculture Years 2) Tom Wolfe: Chronicling Counterculture's 'Acid Test' 3) Ken Kesey On Misconceptions Of Counterculture 4) Gary Burton: A New Quartet, A Familiar Sound 5) Poet Laureate Philip Levine Reads From His 'Work'


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Question: Roads Become Rivers: Nearly 4 Million Chinese Evacuated Or Displaced From Flooding

First China was hit by the novel coronavirus. Now it is dealing with the worst flooding in more than 20 years across vast swaths, from its southwestern interior to its east coast.  Zeng Hailin is one of an estimated 3.7 million people displaced or evacuated because of floods in China largely since June. He lost his job in a uniform factory in Zhejiang province because of the coronavirus pandemic, so he returned to his hometown a few hours away, in Anhui province. His troubles didn't end there. In July, weeks of torrential rain led the small river near his house to overflow.  One night, he woke up in a panic. "The water was suddenly up to my chest," he remembers. "I could not lift my mother out of bed. I could barely walk because the ground turned to slippery mud." Zeng eventually put his bedridden 81-year-old mother in a large plastic wash basin to float her to a rescue boat.  He now lives in a classroom in the local public school while waiting for new housing. His mother is staying with other relatives. The Ministry of Emergency Management estimates that nearly 55 million people from 27 provinces have suffered from record-setting floods. More than 40,000 houses collapsed; at least 158 people are dead or missing.  The country's Water Resources Ministry says at the worst point in mid-July, 433 rivers rose to dangerous levels. Some broke through dams or overflowed their banks, flooding nearby villages like Hekou in Anhui province. "The road in front of our house became a river. We were stuck in our house for days with only some bread, water and instant noodles," said Tang Anfeng, a resident of Hekou village just outside the city of Hefei. Like almost all the others in her village, Tang's home is now surrounded by submerged fields and damp furniture, a layer of scummy water covering her lost vegetable harvests.  She points to a dark swath of mildew growing on her wall that nearly reaches the ceiling — a reminder of how high the water rose on three separate occasions in July.  Tang, in her 60s, says this part of Anhui has seasonal flooding every year, but only in the last decade has the water risen above her ankles. "Whenever it rains too much, they release the water from the dams. But the water floods our village and we suffer," she says.  In 1958, authorities began building the first of nine dams and diversion barriers near Hekou to regulate seasonal flooding by collecting runoff into reservoirs. Today, the dams provide hydropower and drinking water to nearby cities as well. But during extreme rains, authorities are forced to suddenly release the water. "There's a decision of basically not how much the rivers will flood, but where the rivers will flood," says Brian Eyler, who studies China's river management at the Stimson Center, a think tank. China as well as other countries with significant waterways, including the United States, will face greater flood risks and engineers will increasingly have to make a calculus about where to release water or risk a dam collapse. "Climate change predictions all around suggest that storms are going to be more intense into the coming years," says Eyler. "We are living in places where the rivers have been engineered to allow us to live there. But the engineering is not able to cope with nature, and so nature is getting the best of us." Heavier seasonal rain is also causing a rethink of water management policies in China's water-adjacent cities, some of which also flooded this summer because of record rainfall. Experts like Yu Kongjian, a prominent landscape architect and professor at Peking University, say an overreliance on "gray infrastructure," or nonabsorbent materials like concrete and man-made systems like sewage pipes, to rapidly urbanize fails to be resilient when confronted with floods. In 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development released national guidance for cities to maximize natural drainage techniques, including constructing rooftop gardens and using permeable building materials — a project nicknamed building "sponge cities." The country wants to bring 20% of land in 658 cities up to "sponge city" drainage standards by the end of this year, at an estimated annual cost of 400 billion yuan ($57.5 billion). "The whole idea of 'sponge city' is to retain water, clean water, and recharge the aquifers. It's about using nature to regulate water and treat stormwater as resources instead of dumping it into the ocean," Yu said. "It's not just a way to deal with floods, but a holistic idea of how to create an ecological infrastructure so that water will be the main factor."  The initiative is still in its early stages. Nineteen of the 30 pilot sponge cities still reported overwhelmed sewers and canals in 2017. "People who don't work in urban planning or hydrology may have the wrong perception of the sponge city project. They may think sponge cities are a Superman [solution] that could deal with everything," says Faith Chan, an urban planning expert.  Sti

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The provided query could be "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', 'A convoy of trucks carrying hundreds of civilians left the last enclave held by Islamic State militants in eastern Syria Wednesday. The evacuation signals a possible end to a standoff that has lasted for more than a week. Does this mean ISIS is defeated? Host Jeremy Hobson speaks with Here & Now security analyst Jim Walsh (@drjimwalshmit), senior research associate at MIT’s Security Studies Program. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.']" and the positive "['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'Civilians Evacuated From Last ISIS-Held Village In Syria']"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Afghan Govt. Suspends Talks; Taliban Attack Kills 4 Soldiers. -- Heat, Spurs Headed To Game 7 After Stunning Game 6. And here are more early headlines: Federal Reserve Policymakers To Release Economic Forecast Today. (Bloomberg) Thousands Of Brazilian Protesters Turn Out Again In Sao Paulo. (The Associated Press) Al Qaida Militants Attack U.N. Compound In Somalia. (Los Angeles Times) UN Report: More Than 45 Million Refugees In 2012, An 'Unseen Level.' (The Guardian) Heavy Flooding In France Kills 1, Closes Lourdes To Religious Pilgrims. (France24) American Medical Association Declares Obesity A Disease. (USA Today) Danielle Bradbery Crowned Winner Of 'The Voice.' (People) Man Pleads Guilty To Smuggling Snakes On A Plane. (KXAS)


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Question: Rhode Island Senator Lincoln Chafee

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Sen. Lincoln Chafee (R-RI) is serving out his term after being ousted by Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse in the midterm elections. Considered to be the most liberal Republican in the Senate, Chafee is the only one to have voted against the war in Iraq. He made another notable split with the GOP when he opposed the nomination of John Bolton as Ambassador to the United Nations.

Are Democrats In Congress Trying To Thwart Calif. Redistricting?  - Brain Researcher Antonio Damasio


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Question: The Science Behind The Super Abilities Of Sherpas

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Sherpas are extraordinary human beings. In the high peaks of the Himalayas, members of the Nepalese ethnic group are famous for their speed-climbing records, ascents of routes that no one has ascended before, expert guiding and other skills. What makes Sherpas so good at climbing into the wispy atmosphere of the world's tallest mountains? They may be better at harnessing oxygen than the rest of us, suggests a new study, which also offers insights that could eventually help ordinary people whose tissues become deprived of oxygen because of medical conditions. "You don't need to spend very long in that part of world to see that the people living there, particularly the Sherpas, perform extremely well at altitude — a lot better than we do," says Andrew Murray, a physiologist at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom and one of the study's authors. "There's certainly something really remarkable about their ability." The study adds to evidence that their genes play a role. The Sherpas and other ethnic groups have lived on the high plateau of the Himalayas at an average altitude of more than 14,700 feet going back at least 6,000 years. But life at such high altitudes remains inhospitable for most of us. People from low altitudes who travel or move to higher elevations face multiple risks: with access to limited oxygen above 8,000 feet or so, symptoms often include headaches, low appetite and trouble sleeping. Severe cases of mountain sickness can cause swelling in the brain, a condition called High Altitude Cerebral Edema, or fluid in the lungs, called High Altitude Pulmonary Edema. Both conditions can quickly become deadly. Pregnant women also suffer higher rates of miscarriage and other complications because of higher blood pressure at altitude — which illustrates the potential for evolution to favor genes that help mountain people cope with oxygen deprivation. So how do the Sherpas do it? Over thousands of years, the bodies of high-altitude dwellers have developed ways to make the most of oxygen, Murray says. When most of us climb, a hormone in our bodies called erythropoietin (EPO) triggers the production of more red blood cells, which can then carry more oxygen to our muscles. But the extra cells also thicken our blood, which puts extra stress on the heart to pump it and can cause symptoms of altitude sickness. Sherpas increase their red blood cell count at altitude, too, but not nearly as much as people from lower down do. To better understand how Sherpas manage to perform so well, even without help from a surge in extra oxygen-carrying red blood cells, Murray and colleagues studied a group of 15 Sherpas and 10 lowlanders on an expedition to Everest Base Camp in 2013. None of the participants were allowed to climb to extreme altitudes in the weeks leading up to the study, which began with a flight from either London or Kathmandu to Lukla, Nepal, at nearly 9,200 feet. All of the participants were offered the same food as they trekked for 10 days to Everest Base Camp at nearly 17,400 feet. Before, during and after the trek, the researchers took blood samples as well as pea-size chunks of muscle from everyone. Interesting differences showed up in the muscle cells of the two groups, the team reported this past week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In the muscles of the Sherpas, the study found, the cells' mitochondria (the energy-producing parts) converted more oxygen into energy. "The Sherpas' mitochondria were less leaky and therefore more efficient than the Westerners' mitochondria," Murray says. "They were better at using oxygen." Like a small, high-efficiency car that has a smaller gas tank than a gas-guzzling 4x4, he says, the Sherpas' muscles are capable of getting more mileage out of less total oxygen. The Sherpas were also able to produce more energy without any oxygen at all, a process called anaerobic metabolism. Together, the findings help connect the dots from previous research that has revealed intriguing mutations in the DNA of Sherpas, says Tatum Simonson, who studies the genetics and physiology of high altitude adaptations at the University of California, San Diego. For a 2010 study, she and colleagues scanned the genomes of Tibetan people living at high altitudes and found a handful of genes with distinct mutations that appeared to be related to oxygen metabolism and adapted to a low-oxygen environment. By probing deeper into the potential role of one of those genes (which also appears in people of Ethiopian ancestry who live at high altitude), Murray's group has built off her work "and taken it many steps further," Simonson says. "I think this is one of the first studies that has actually done that. I was so excited to see this paper." The study shows that the metabolisms of lowlanders and Sherpas work in similar ways at low altitudes, suggesting that gene differences between Sherpas and lowlanders kick in at high altitudes, she adds. "But then, when

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Stories: 1) Getting To Know The Animal Families Of 'Earth' 2) Robert Sullivan, In The Alleys With 'Rats' 3) Up Close And Personal With The Dung Beetle


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Question: Polls: Blair's Labor Party Leads Ahead of U.K. Vote

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After losing popularity for backing the Iraq war, Britain's Labor Party and its leader, Prime Minister Tony Blair, once again lead polls ahead of May 5 elections. This will be Blair's last election; Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown is expected to succeed him. Hear John Curtice of Glasgow's Strathclyde University.

Good morning. Our first posts today were about: -- Release  Of American Hikers Not Imminent, Iran's Judiciary Says. -- Democrats  Suffer 'Demoralizing' Defeats In New York And Nevada. -- Inside  Kabul Siege Site:Attackers' Bodies, Walls Riddled With Bullet Holes. Other stories making headlines include: -- "Obama Approval Plummets On Jobs Plan," Poll Signals. (Bloomberg News) -- "Moody's Downgrades Ratings For Two French Banks." (The Associated Press) -- "Palestinians Face Mounting Pressure To Drop U.N. Statehood Bid." (The Guardian) -- "U.S. Scrambles To Avert Palestinian Vote At U.N." (The New York Times)