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Question: Week In Review: Impeachment Stalemate Continues As 2020 Race Kicks Into High Gear

The Hill’s Scott Wong (@scottwongDC) and NBC’s Beth Fouhy (@bfouhy) join Here & Now‘s Tonya Mosley and Peter O’Dowd to discuss the repercussions after the killing of the top Iranian general, what to expect on impeachment next week when Congress returns, and the latest from the presidential race with the Iowa caucuses just one month away. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Myanmar, Pope Calls For Unity And Tolerance, But Doesn't Mention Rohingya. -- Kenya's President Sworn-In For Second Term As Police Quell Unrest. -- Former Top Chinese General Commits Suicide As Corruption Probe Looms. -- What The Upheaval At A Federal Consumer Watchdog Could Mean For Students. And here are more early headlines: President Trump To Visit GOP Senators On Capitol Hill Today. (USA Today) Confirmation Hearing Underway For Fed Chair Nominee. (MarketWatch) Tesla Prepares To Test Huge Battery In Australia. (Sydney Morning Herald) Uncertainty Over Honduran Presidential Voting Results. (Reuters) Arkansas Cuts Funding To Planned Parenthood. (AP) Volcanic Eruption Continues On Bali. (CBS/AP)


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Question: Congress Delays Start of Prescription Rules

Congress votes to delay by six months a new requirement intended to reduce prescription drug fraud in the Medicaid health program. Health-care providers were unprepared to comply with rules for "tamper-proof" prescription pads.

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'In legal papers released, today, lawyers for Julian Assange argue that if the WikiLeaks founder is extradited from Britain to Sweden, he could eventually be extradited to the U.S. and end up in Guantanamo or facing the death penalty. CNN reports:  "There is a real risk he could be made subject to the death penalty," Assange lawyers say in documents they released Tuesday, citing British media reports[link was added by us] that Republican politicians Sarah Palin and Mike Huckabee have called for him to be executed. The lawyers released a preliminary outline of their planned arguments Tuesday, ahead of an extradition hearing for Assange next month.  In the legal papers, lawyers argue that under Swedish law "mere suspicion" of a crime is not reason enough for extradition. Authorities are seeking to bring Assange to Sweden in order to question him in connection with allegations of sexual misconduct. The New York Times reports that for the first time, the names of the alleged victims were made public, which could prove a crime under Swedish laws. Assange, reports the Times, also made a statement after the hearing:  “Our work with WikiLeaks continues unabated and we are stepping up our publishing for matters relating to Cablegate and other materials,” Mr. Assange said after Tuesday’s 10-minute hearing, using the organization’s term for State Department documents. “Those will shortly be appearing through our newspaper partners throughout the world,” he said, without elaborating on the content of the threatened disclosures. In recent weeks the flow of new documents has slowed to a trickle.']>>  to "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Assange's Lawyers Say His Extradition Could Mean The Death Penalty"]"

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news. This week: A Pastor plays with matches, a President releases his inner schnauzer, and a mayor gets out while the gettin's good.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Bruce Ames: Micronutrients and Nutrition

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Forum talks with Bruce Ames about the links between micronutrients, nutrient deficiency and effects of hidden hunger on human health.

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Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'


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Question: Responding to Your Letters

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Farai Chideya and producer Christopher Johnson respond to listeners' e-mails. Today's feedback concerns a panelist on a recent bloggers' roundtable, our Ike Turner tribute, and an interview with an actress from the hit TV show The Wire.

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In the aftermath of catastrophic events such as a mass shooting or natural disaster, politicians often offer up their thoughts and prayers to victims. Critics then hit back, condemning the phrase as meaningless — with no real value or impact. Now a new study from economists finds that prayers might have an actual dollar value, and they may also have real consequences for charitable giving in the wake of catastrophe, but not in the way you might think. Source: Thunström, Linda and Shiri Noy, "The Value of Thoughts and Prayers", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019 Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter.  Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.


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Question: Troop Withdrawal Proposals

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The show discusses the many U.S. troop withdrawal proposals currently being debated in Congress.

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Lethal Injection On Trial. Greenhouse Gas Bill To Be Signed as Legal Fights Continue. End Music.


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Question: McCain Urges Larger Iraq Presence

NPR's Melissa Block talks with Arizona Sen. John McCain about the need for more troops in Iraq. McCain said Wednesday that the situation in Iraq is deteriorating and "we need more boots on the ground."

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Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: Pakistani Journalist Hamid Mir

Forum talks to Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir, the only one to have interviewed Osama bin Laden after the events of September 11, 2001.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Rice Pushes New U.S. Troop Buildup to Arab Leaders

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Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is meeting with Arab leaders to promote President Bush's troop buildup in Iraq. But Arab leaders mistrust Iraq's government and are dubious about the new proposal. In urging acceptance of the plan, Rice told her Saudi counterpart that positive change only comes out of challenging times.


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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

From one of Ted's recommended recordings, the members of Trio Fontenay perform the finale of the Brahms Trio No. 1. (Teldec 244 924-2)

2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: To Bash or Not to Bash

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Opponents of adding gays and lesbians to federal hate crimes protections say they're not needed and punish free speech. Hogwash, says Clyde Wadsworth.

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Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: Eating Between The Lines: The Supermarket Shopper's Guide To The Truth Behind Food Labels

Guest: Kimberly Lord Stewart, Award Winning Food Journalist, Editor in Chief of Dining Out Magazine, and a Contributor to Natural Home magazine

Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Stories off the sidewalk

For several years, StoryCorps booths have allowed ordinary people relate their own stories to be preserved in a huge and growing collection in the Library of Congress.

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E.g.:
['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'The FBI was called in to investigate a motion sensor discovered in a Pennsylvania rail yard. Authorities had wondered whether the technology, which can sense when someone is walking past, was part of a complicated terrorist plot. It turns out a railroad employee sleeping on the job used the device to warn him when a supervisor approached.'] == ['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "'Morning Edition' Returns: High-Tech Napping on the Job"]

Old rockers come back for more wild times on the grapevine.


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Question: Dallas Officer Ordered Man To Kill Two People, Police Say

A Dallas police officer has been arrested on charges that he ordered an acquaintance to kill two people in 2017. Officer Bryan Riser, 36, was charged with capital murder in the deaths of a 61-year-old man and a 31-year-old woman, Dallas Police Chief Eddie García said at a Thursday media briefing.  The body of Liza Saenz, which had multiple gunshot wounds, was found on March 1o, 2017, in an area river. The family of the second victim, Albert Douglas, reported him missing the previous month. His remains were never found, the police chief said. García, who was sworn in as head of the department in February, called the two killings unconnected and said that while authorities had no motive, they were both linked to Riser's "off-duty" life. He added that investigators would nonetheless be examining his arrest record and "looking at the activity he conducted as a police officer." According to The Dallas Morning News, Saenz's mother, Mary Hodge, acknowledged Thursday that her daughter and Riser had known one another, but that she didn't know the extent of their relationship. García said his predecessor, Reneé Hall, was initially briefed on the allegations against Riser in 2019, after a man accused in the murder of Saenz came forward to implicate the officer. The police chief did not offer an explanation as to why it took so long for Riser — a 13-year veteran of the force — to be arrested. García also acknowledged that the Riser had continued in his job patrolling the city's streets as the internal investigation continued. The Morning News spoke with Hall, who said Riser became a "person of interest" in the killings when the witness came forward. However, when she was made aware of the allegations two years ago, there was not enough evidence to arrest the officer, she said.  Hall told the newspaper that in consultation with federal law enforcement, a "strategic decision" had been made not to place Riser on administrative leave in order to prevent him from covering his tracks or otherwise compromising the investigation. In September 2017, three men were arrested and charged with the murder of Saenz. One of them later told authorities that Riser offered him $3,500 to kidnap and kill Douglas, according to a police affidavit, which he allegedly paid. Riser later approached the man again, offering to pay him $6,000 to kill Saenz, who he described as an "informant." That money was not paid before the man was arrested, the affidavit states.  Riser is on administrative leave pending an internal affairs division investigation, but the department was moving quickly to terminate him, García said. "This individual has no business wearing this uniform," he said.

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Provided: "['', 'The faction of House Republicans leading the charge against the Affordable Care Act amid a partial government shutdown have been referred to as lemmings by those who believe they are committing political suicide. But as Renee Montagne explains, the idea that lemmings commit mass suicide is a myth.']" Match: "['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth.', 'The Truth About Lemmings, The Rodent, Not The Political Animal']"

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Report:  Pentagon 'Beginning Review Of Syria Options.' -- Santorum's  Wins: Huge? Meaningless? In Between? -- Egyptian  Judge Says Foreign Groups Have Been Working There Illegally. Among the day's other top stories: Read More -- Iran Can Hit U.S. Forces Around The World, Diplomat Claims. (Reuters) -- Prop 8 Ruling Was "Landmark Day In Battle Over Gay-Marriage." (Los Angeles Times) -- "Chilling 911 Tapes" Reveal Social Worker's Pleas For Help Just Before Father Killed Himself And Sons. (The Seattle Times) -- "L.A. School Scandal: 2nd Teacher Charged, Fired By Board." (ABC News)


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Question: Phylicia Rashad's 'Gem' of a Role

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Phylicia Rashad is best known for her portrayal of Clair Huxtable on the The Cosby Show. These days she's working in live theater, taking on yet another "role of a lifetime" -- this one penned by one of the nation's most important playwrights. The Tavis Smiley Show producer Roy Hurst looks at August Wilson's latest play, Gem of the Ocean, through the eyes of its leading lady, Phylicia Rashad. Rashad plays a character named Aunt Ester in turn-of-the-century Pittsburgh, when the first generation born after Emancipation felt the sting of white backlash. "This is a writer who is devoted entirely to truth," Rashad says. "Here is a writer who is not interested in creating a femme fatale or a bouncy ingénue for the sake of commercial whatever... The Emancipation Proclamation was signed almost 40 years (earlier), and they are still holding the people in bondage, as it were." Up until now, the character of Aunt Ester had only been talked about in Wilson's previous plays. With Gem of the Ocean, Rashad undergoes a physical transformation to bring the older, less slim stage character to life. "I feel that I've been entrusted with something and someone who's very dear and very precious, because (Wilson's) characters are very dear and very precious to him."

Stories: 1) An 'Enchanted' Role for 'South Pacific' Star 2) 'Weeds' Creator Delivers Potent Product 3) Tim Russert Tributes


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Question: Remembering Baseball Hall Of Famer Joe Morgan

The second baseman, who died Oct. 11, played 22 years in the majors, mostly with the Houston Astros and the Cincinnati Reds. He later became a commentator for ESPN. Originally broadcast in 1993.

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Good morning, here are some of the early headlines we're watching: Trayvon Martin Death: Video Shows No Signs Of Zimmerman's Injuries. Court Takes Health Care Case Behind Closed Doors. (AP) Arab Leaders Gather For Meeting On Syria. (New York Times) Colorado Governor Stops Prescribed Burns After Wildfire. (AP) New Evidence In High-Profile Shaken Baby Case. Man With Explosives Attempts To Board Plane In Philadelphia. (WPVI-TV) MegaMillions Jackpot Rises To $500 Million; Drawing Friday. (AP) And today on Morning Edition, remembrances of two notable artists who passed away yesterday. Bluegrass Legend Earl Scruggs Has Died. NPR's Sami Yenigun listens to the musician's work. Influential Poet Adrienne Rich Dies At 82. NPR's Laura Sydell looks back over the poet's life.


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Question: Race To Fill Congressional Seat In Pennsylvania Has Become Massive Battle Between Parties

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A close race for a reliably Republican congressional seat in western Pennsylvania will be decided Tuesday. An upset by Democrats could be a warning sign for the midterms.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: NPR: 12-25-2007 Fresh Air

Stories: 1) Reilly and Kasdan, Having Fun with 'Walk Hard' 2) Martin Looks Back at 'Merry Little Christmas'

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Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: The Sound Made Flesh

It begins with a sonic relay, the buzz of conversation interwoven with the hum of a Hammond organ. Like the first seconds of Marvin Gaye's "Got to Give It Up," the sound of the voices chatting and the organ playing announce life in a lower frequency and register. In those initial moments, one cannot know which came first, the talking or the playing, because they are deeply entangled. This entanglement sets the stage for anticipation, the desire for Spirit to happen and flow and release. The refusal of a border — between the noise of the flesh and the noise of the electrical, mechanical object — might tell us something about how Aretha Franklin thought about black creativity. The recording that includes this entanglement of flesh and machine was made available on Amazing Grace: The Complete Recordings (1999), an extension of the original 1972 hit album. But this extended version is simply the sonic context of the project: What one receives in "The Complete Recordings" was already there, already animates the release that sold over 2 million copies. Like her other gospel recordings, Amazing Grace in both iterations was a set of live recordings attempting to capture the sacred sounds of blackness as not being about individual genius, but always about the social world that makes such sound-making possible. Aretha Franklin's contributions to American music are well documented. I want to talk a bit about how, listening to her gospel albums — Amazing Grace, Songs of Faith (1956) and One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism (1987) — one learns about black life as a sacred practice, and the anticipatory drive of Spirit. These recordings happened in church but are not reducible to church doctrines and protocols: Rather, her gospel works are fundamentally about the feel of being in space-time with others, of the social practices that make the enunciation of her voice felt among us. What we hear in her live gospel recordings is the mysticism of black life she sang with and through, a life that takes seriously the suffering of the masses and attempts to re-deploy sound in order to produce new worlds of possibility. Listen to the way she sings on "Precious Lord" in 1956, how she moans for us worlds to inhabit with our own voices of "All right!" and "Yes!" Franklin understood blackness to be an epistemology of feeling. What I mean is she understood that the kind of knowledge living a black life produces is one of engaging and practicing, and refusing to renounce deep intense emotion, deep intense feeling. Emotion and feeling are often coded as feminine and irrational, lacking in control and thoughtfulness. Yet black life is not afraid of using feeling as the grounds for telling and witnessing about the joys and the pleasures as well as the pains, the violations of our lives. What one hears when Franklin sings "Amazing Grace" or "The Lord's Prayer" or moans "Precious Lord" (as Al Green would later implore us to "moan for love") is the sound of taking feeling and enfleshing it in the voice. The enfleshment of feeling is then felt by the congregation as melisma and moan, as crescendo and release. With her approach to gospel one gets a sense, a feel, for how she approached life itself — as a necessarily entangled affair. In Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, the narrator recounts a black church service and a sermon on the "Blackness of Blackness." In it, the preacher says, "black is ... an' black ain't ... " and there is something about the intensity of matching is with ain't that Franklin's voice allows us to sense, that her voice both performs and exceeds. The preacher does not say "black is ... an' black is not," but uses the colloquial ain't, a compression and augmentation simultaneously. It is a mode of address that I consider to be an increase in intensity and force, and that is sent out towards the congregation as feeling. This is the antiphony of black worship, the call and response that is not a simple one-to-one relation. Rather, there is ongoing call and ongoing response found in that increase in intensity, which can be loud or soft, but is always held, felt, sent. This intensity and relation to context and congregation is the occasion for each of Franklin's gospel albums. This is why her work is just as important to the black gospel tradition as it is to soul, R&B and pop music. Black gospel is more than lyricism, though lyrics are important. Black gospel is about a relation to the song as a particular kind of object that carries you as you carry it, a relation to a song as object that one's voice is allowed to inhabit and, ultimately, augment. Such augmentation is what is heard when Franklin sings a standard hymn, or a song arranged by Thomas Whitfield such as "Walk in the Light." James Cleveland said that in gospel music she was not in competition with others, but that what she offered was an interpretation of the tradition. This, refusal of competition in the service of interpretation, is important.  It's something in the w

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Alameda County Measures A and B / Turkish Consul General

Forum discusses Alameda County Measures A and B in its first half-hour, and welcomes Turkish Consul General Hakan Tekin for a conversation at 9:30.

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: This Just In: No One Was Shot Or Stabbed Monday In New York City

Police officials in New York City tell the Daily News that they can't remember the last time this happened: "Not a single person was reported shot, stabbed or slashed" in the Big Apple on Monday. "Nice way to start the week," Deputy Police Commissioner Paul Browne told the newspaper. The city's nonviolent streak didn't last long, though. Late Tuesday morning, the Daily News says, "a 27-year-old man was shot in Brooklyn at Ralph and Flatlands Ave." Still, the news seems to be part of a welcome trend. As NY1 reports, "NYPD statistics show the city has come a long way since 1990, when there was an average of more than six murders a day and 2,200 a year. This year, the city is on pace for just about 400 murders." The news has been much different, as you may have heard, in the nation's Second City. As NPR's David Schaper has reported, homicides and shootings are up sharply this year in Chicago. The homicide rate there is up about 20 percent from 2011 and there have been about 1,800 nonfatal shooting incidents.

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Good morning: here are our early stories: Chinese Author, Mo Yan, Awarded 2012 Nobel Prize In Literature. Presidential Candidates Set Their Sights On Colorado's Latinos. And here are more early headlines: Biden, Ryan Prepare For High-Stakes Vice Presidential Debate. (Reuters) Yemeni Guard At U.S. Embassy Killed In Drive-By Shooting. (CBS) Two Die In Florida Parking Garage Collapse, One Still Missing. (Orlando Sentinel) Home Foreclosures Drop To Five Year Low In September. (USA Today) It's The 50th Anniversary Of Vatican II - Why It Matters. (KPCC) No Arms For Syria Aboard Passenger Jet Downed In Turkey, Russia Says. (Washington Post) Alice Cooper Opens Rock And Roll Academy In Sioux Falls, N.D. (KDLT) Zombie Alert! Maine Hacker Changes Road Sign To Warn Startled Motorists. (Portland Press Herald)


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Question: The Week In Review from 91.7 WVXU

A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU.

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Question: WATCH: Donald Trump Is Called 'Racist' On SNL ... But As Part Of The Gag

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Saturday Night Live acknowledged a group of protesters outside of its studios with a bit of comedy last night. As we've reported, Latino activists had called on NBC to disinvite Donald Trump from hosting the late-night comedy show. They charged that Trump had shown himself to be a bigot when he denigrated Mexican immigrants. In the past, NBC reacted to those comments by dropping him as host of Celebrity Apprentice and dropping Trump's Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants. But last night, Trump took the stage as planned. And NBC planted comedian Larry David to heckle him: The joke, of course, is based on a offer by Deport Racism PAC that offered $5,000 in "cold hard cash" to anyone who shouted "Trump is a racist" during the live broadcast. On Twitter, the group said David had won the bounty:

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Stories: 1) Seth Meyers On 'SNL' And Campaign Comedy 2) Tina Fey's Gubernatorial Turn 3) Stephen Colbert On 'The Greatest Gift Of All' 4) The Ethereal, Ambient Sound Of 'Hearts Of Space'


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Question: From A Concert Last Week

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From a concert last week at the Spoleto Festival U.S.A in Charleston, South Carolina, pianist Stephen Prutsman, violinist Ariel Shamai (shah-MEYE) and cellist Andres Diaz perform the Piano Trio No. 1 in E-flat by Ludwig van Beethoven. (Sound-on-Site Recordings)

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A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: Nanotechnology Research and Development

Guest: Irfan Ahmad, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the University of Illinois; Mark A. Shannon, Director of the Center of Advanced Materials for Purification of Water With Systems Center; Dietram A. Scheufele, Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Life Sciences Communication at the University of Wisconsin

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Immigration To Israel

NPR''s Mike Shuster reports from Jerusalem on the largest wave of immigration Israel has experienced in its 50 years of existence. Nearly one-million Jews have moved to Israel from Russia, Ukraine and other parts of the former Soviet Union over the past nine years. These immigrants have had a profound impact on virtually every aspect of Israeli life.

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San Diego Schools Reopen. Electoral Initiative. End Music.


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Question: From A New Cd, Violinist

From a new CD, violinist Robert McDuffie and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra, conducted by Erich Kunzel, perform two pieces by Fritz Kreisler: "The Hunt" in the style of Jean-Baptiste Cartier and Viennese Melody, based on a piece by Eduard Gaertner. (Telarc CD-80402)

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Banjo Master Baugus Looks to Old Times

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Riley Baugus is a 41-year-old banjo player from North Carolina, and for him, music could have stopped a century ago. He plays old-time music — the tunes from the Scots-Irish who settled and farmed in the southern Appalachians — and made playing the banjo his full-time profession after 18 years as a welder. Baugus, whose singing voice can be heard in the movie Cold Mountain, recently taught a weeklong advanced banjo class at the Augusta Heritage Center in Elkins, W. Va. While there, he spoke about old-time music's place in society and culture: It's not bluegrass, which is sharper and more driving, but rather softer, usually, with easier rhythms. "Most old-time musicians were not doing it to make a living," Baugus says. "Most of this music was played because people needed entertainment. It was a hard life: Quite often, you know, you'd go out and work in the fields all day, and when nightfall comes, you're tired and you want something different." For his class, Baugus attracted students ranging from a physics professor in Texas to a high-school student from Ohio. Donna Xander of McLean, Va., says she's played blues guitar, but has been seduced by the dark side, entranced by old-time music. "I mean, I love all kinds of music," Xander says. I love Irish music and Cajun music, and I dance Cajun and I love Gregorian chant, and Riley seems to not be one of these purists who say, 'This is the way and this is the only way.'" SCOTT SIMON, host:  There's something about a banjo that can take you back to a century past, to the grassy fields, the mountain coves, the dance in the schoolhouse on a Saturday night - especially if it's old-time music from the hands of Riley Baugus.  NPR's Noah Adams will do the introductions.  NOAH ADAMS: Old-time music isn't bluegrass. That came later and it's a lot sharper and more driving. Old-time style is softer, usually, with easier rhythms. The early tunes and the instruments came together in the American south: the fiddle, straight from Scotland and Ireland and Continental Europe; the banjo, not much later, from Africa. And today, if you play old-time music, you'll be thinking about people getting together for a laugh and a dance.  Mr. RILEY BAUGUS (Banjo Player): Most old-time musicians were not doing it to make a living. Most of this music was played because people needed entertainment. It was a hard life quite often. You know, you go out and you work in the fields all day. And when nightfall comes, you're tired and you want something different.  ADAMS: Riley Baugus plays the old music on a fairly new instrument.  Mr. BAUGUS: My banjo is a banjo that I actually made myself. The neck is made from a piece of cherry. It used to be a pallet skid under a machinery pallet.  ADAMS: Homemade banjos now, and especially back then, the banjo picked up in popularity when wire made its way into the mountain communities. You could find that scrap piece of cherry and skin of a groundhog and maybe even use screenwire for the banjo's strings.  Riley Baugus talks with me one night on a college campus in West Virginia. With a banjo on his lap, comfortably under his belly, he demonstrates his favorite sub-style of old time. If you look at a good map of Surry County, North Carolina, you'll find a place called Round Peak. The players there started using more of the melody in the tunes.  Mr. BAUGUS: When you're playing for a dance, you don't really have time to put in a lot of note. You're hitting the high spots.  (Soundbite of banjo music)  Mr. BAUGUS: Now, in the Round-Peak style, I'm playing more notes and doing a lot of what they call the double noting, which is...  (Soundbite of banjo music)  Mr. BAUGUS: And I'm just playing more of the melody, and I'm playing west(ph) of the rhythm stroke. It more closely matches what the fiddle player will be playing, and that is my goal. And the Round-Peak style is to play closely to what they play, but not by any means play as many notes as they play.  ADAMS: A few weeks back, Riley Baugus came to Elkins, West Virginia, for the Augusta Heritage Arts Workshops. He came to teach in advanced banjo class. Donna Xander of McLean, Virginia, says she started out learning blues guitar, but has been seduced, as she puts it, by the dark side, entranced by old-time music in the banjo.  Ms. DONNA XANDER (Banjo Player): I mean, I love all kinds of music. I love Irish music and Cajun music, and I dance Cajun and I love Gregorian chant. And Riley seems to not be one of these purists who says it has to be this way and this is the only way.  (Soundbite of banjo music)  Unidentified Man: Good morning, Riley.  Mr. BAUGUS: (unintelligible).  Unidentified Man: Excellent.  ADAMS: Tuned up, the students sit around in a circle in chairs - four sessions in the morning and the afternoon.  Mr. BAUGUS: Here. You know we talked about it yesterday, the gal(ph), actually. This is sort of an extension of the same idea. We're going to start on the third fret of the first string, and you're just

Stories: 1) John Doe: A Punk Rocker Goes A Little Country 2) Ricky Skaggs: A Bluegrass Musician Returns To Roots 3) Charlie Louvin: A Louvin Brother Carries On


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Question: Hot Tip On Old Heist Could Be Worth $10 Million, Gardner Museum Says

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Two thieves. Thirteen pieces of art. Twenty-seven years of mystery. And now, a $10 million reward — for anyone who can bring those missing masterpieces back to the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Two men disguised as police officers made off with the paintings and sketches in 1990. It is still the largest property crime ever carried out in America, and the biggest heist from an art museum anywhere in the world. The treasures include Rembrandt's only known seascape and one of just 36 paintings by Vermeer. They're worth more than half a billion dollars. They have never been located. The search has never stopped. In 2013, the FBI said they were confident they had identified the thieves as two men tied to the mob ... or as the agency put it, part of "a criminal organization with a base in the Mid-Atlantic states and New England." Having suspects isn't quite as useful as it might sound, since the statute of limitations for the crime expired years ago. But the FBI also has a good idea what happened to the artworks, at least at first — they were smuggled to "the Connecticut and Philadelphia regions." Where are they now? The FBI doesn't have a clue. Somebody knows. The FBI and the Gardner Museum are sure of it. They believe that somebody, somewhere, at some time in the past 27 years, has caught a glimpse of a Vermeer or Rembrandt or Manet or Degas hanging on a wall or rolled up in a safe. If that someone is you, drop an email to theft@gardnermuseum.org. The museum's leaders "guarantee complete confidentiality" — and, if the tip leads to the artworks' recovery, a $10 million bounty. There's always been a reward for information leading to the artworks' discovery. Within days of the theft, the trustees promised $1 million. The sum was boosted to $5 million in 1997. Now it's been doubled — temporarily. "The increased offer is available immediately and expires at midnight on December 31, 2017," the museum says in a press release. The limited-edition boost in the reward is meant to signal that the search is still ongoing and enthusiastic. If you've got a tip, the museum and authorities really, truly want to know. "Typically stolen masterpieces are either recovered soon after a theft or a generation later," Anthony Amore, the director of security at the museum, said in the statement. "We remain optimistic that these works will ultimately be recovered." Rick Abath was the security guard who said he was tricked by the ersatz policemen into opening the door for them. He spoke to StoryCorps in 2015, and said he's still angry about what happened. The thieves sliced two of the Rembrandts straight out of their frames, he noted. "So even if they get the paintings back they'll never be the same," he said. "And I feel horrible about that." Also in 2015, Boston Globe reporter Stephen Kurkjian explained to NPR that the works are essentially impossible to sell, as incredibly valuable and recognizable stolen goods. He said one theory for the heist is rooted in the idea that "the authorities, whether they be federal or state, will do anything to get that artwork back" — so it can serve as a "get out of jail free" card, or at least a "transfer to a lower-security prison" card.

Good morning, here are our early headlines: -- It's Looking Like The Senate Will Approve the Budget Deal. -- Nirvana, Linda Ronstadt And KISS Are In The Rock Hall. And here are more early headlines: Senate Approves Jeh Johnson As Homeland Security Secretary. (Politico) Angela Merkel Elected As German Chancellor, Starting Third Term. (BBC) "Parade Of Snow" Moving Across Plains, Northeast. (NBC) Uncontained Wildfire Burning In California's Big Sur. (San Francisco Chronicle) 3 Firms To Pay $1 Billion To California Areas In Lead Paint Lawsuit. (Los Angeles Times) Lotto Officials Wonder If Mega Millions Jackpot Could Hit $1 Billion. (CNN) Illinois Students Answer Phones To Sing For Dial-A-Carol. (WAND-TV)


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Question: Putin Offers Political Asylum To James Comey, Citing Potential Prosecution In U.S.

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"What's the difference between the FBI director and Mr. Snowden?" Russian President Vladimir Putin asked Thursday during his yearly live call-in show, saying that he would offer political asylum to fired FBI head James Comey in the same way Russia has sheltered former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. By phrasing a question uniquely constructed for these unusual times, Putin put a new spin on the ongoing saga over Russia's tampering in the U.S. election, links between President Trump's inner circle and Russia, and allegations that the president tried to stop at least one line of inquiry. Comey recently testified that Trump fired him after asking him to end the investigation into former national security adviser Michael Flynn — a request that Comey says he memorialized in personal notes that he allowed to be leaked to the media. "[Comey] said he'd written down his conversation with President [Trump] and handed it to the media through a friend of his," Putin said, according to a translation by Radio Free Europe. "This does sound and look odd: the director of a security service making records of his talks with the supreme commander and handing it over to the media through a friend of his." Putin made the remark during his annual Direct Line appearance on state TV, in which he spends hours taking questions from a studio audience and from civilians across Russia. Comparing Comey to Snowden, Putin said, "It makes him not a security service director, but a civil activist advocating a certain belief." He added, "By the way, if he faces any kind of prosecution in this regard, we will provide political asylum in Russia for him as well. He should be aware of that." As wide smiles broke out among the studio audience at that last remark, Putin pivoted in his chair, signaling that the question had been dealt with. This year, the Kremlin says, the call center that funnels the public's curiosity received some 2 million messages, including 1.3 million phone calls. The Kremlin says most of the calls at this year's question-and-answer session dealt with Russia's future. Many of the topics centered on wages, inflation and the economy. Noting that the U.S. Senate has moved to impose new sanctions on Russia and to prevent the Trump administration from rolling back the sanctions without congressional approval, Putin said, "Whatever the case, I believe this is utterly groundless." Putin's annual Q&A sessions are notorious for generating softball questions for the president. Late in Thursday's session, for instance, one man asked, "What is the largest fish you have ever caught?" Putin replied, "20 kilograms (44 pounds)," while also acknowledging that if someone added a bit of weight to the scale when he wasn't looking, he hadn't noticed.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- California Wildfires Spread, Spurred On By Strong Winds. -- U.S. Decision On Jerusalem Sparks Anger And Concern. -- Recount Likely In Close Atlanta Mayoral Race. -- 'French Elvis' Johnny Hallyday Dies At 74.  -- British Intelligence Reportedly Foils Plot To Kill Prime Minister. And here are more early headlines: House Delays Stop Gap Spending Bill Vote. (The Hill) Impeachment Articles To Be Introduced In House. (Washington Post) Trump, Jr. To Speak Privately To House Intel Committee. (NBC) Kirstjen Nielsen Confirmed As Homeland Security Secretary. (Politico) Russian Lawmakers To Bar Certain U.S. Media From Chamber. (Reuters)


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Question: Science, Math and Young African Americans

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Farai Chideya speaks with two Duke University students about how science and math are introduced to young African-American men and women.

School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


Question: represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth E.g. ["represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr\n\n------\n\nE.g.\nSpammers Win, Anti-Spam Software Firm Shuts Down == Blue Security Inc. was launched two years ago to fight spam -- those annoying, unsolicited junk e-mails that fill many inboxes.  But the spammers won, and the Silicon Valley firm shut down Wednesday. Madeleine Brand discusses the spam battle with Blue Security founder and chairman Eran Reshef. != Good morning, here are some of the stories we're looking at this morning: Space Shuttle Discovery Is On Its Last Flight. Mass Killer In Norway Declares 'I Would Have Done It Again'. Did Obama's Policies Help, Or Hinder, The Economy? GSA Inspector General Is Investigating Possible Bribes, Kickbacks. (Washington Post) African Union Says Suspends Guinea Bissau After Coup. (Reuters) UN Chief: Observers Say Syrian Ceasefire Generally Observed. (Dow Jones) Wikileaks Founder Julian Assange Interviews Hezbollah Leader In TV Premiere. (AP) Google Fined $25,000 For 'Willfully' Stonewalling FCC. (WTSP-TV) Welding-Caused Fire At Idaho National Laboratory Prompts Evacuations. (AP) Bruins Goalie Tim Thomas Greeted By Obama Masks. (USA Today)", 'Stand up comic ELLEN DEGENERES, the star of the sitcom "Ellen'] == ['Represent the following document', 'Stand up comic ELLEN DEGENERES, the star of the sitcom "Ellen." The show airs on Wednesday nights on ABC. Last year DEGENERES co-hosted the 1994 Emmy awards and received a People\'s Choice Award for Favorite Female in a New Television series. She now has a new book, My Point. . . And I Do Have One (Bantam News). She\'s now starring in "Mr. Wrong." (REBROADCAST from 9/'] != ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', '2: PAUL SIMMS, creator of the new NBC sit-com "News Radio." This is SIMMS\' first entry into the world of sit-coms but  SIMMS previously worked as writer for both the "The Larry Sanders Show," and "Late Night with David Letterman." He also wrote for Spy Magazine.']

Question: Toledo Mayor Lifts Water Ban In Northwest Ohio

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The mayor of Toledo, Ohio, has lifted a water ban that left 400,000 Ohio and Michigan residents scrambling for water for drinking, cooking and bathing. Mayor D. Michael Collins says Monday that the Lake Erie drinking water is safe and that the warning has been lifted. The announcement comes after people in northwestern Ohio and southeastern Michigan were told to avoid drinking tap water because of toxins contaminating the lake, possibly from algae. Toledo officials issued the water warning in Ohio’s fourth-largest city early Saturday. The Ohio National Guard and other state agencies have been delivering pallets of bottled water to the city and operating water purification systems to make more drinkable water. Guest

Nick Castele, reporter for WCPN, part of the Here & Now Contributors Network. He tweets @NickCastele.

Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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For example, '['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Friday News Roundup - International']' should have a representation like '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR:', 'On Wednesday, the U.S. Senate advanced a bill to consider ending all U.S. involvement in the war in Yemen. The vote is a bipartisan rebuke to President Trump, who has made Saudi Arabia the cornerstone of his strategy in the Middle East. The president recently dismissed the CIA’s conclusion that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman likely ordered the execution of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. But not every Republican agrees … and it affected their vote.  Even the president’s close ally Sen. Lindsey Graham voted in favor, saying he changed his mind on the legislation, “because I’m pissed.” “The way the administration has handled the Saudi Arabia event is just not acceptable,” Graham added, saying top administration officials’ explanations thus far, did “not help me at all better understand the role” that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman played in the operation to kill Khashoggi.  The Senate vote came the same day the president boarded a flight to this year’s G20 summit in Buenos Aires, Argentina. President Trump is scheduled to meet with more than a half-dozen world leaders – including Chinese President Xi Jinping. The United States and China have been locked in a costly trade war since July. If no deal is made by January, U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods are expected to increase from 10 percent now to 25 percent in 2019. One world leader Trump will not be sitting down with? Russian President Vladimir Putin. The president tweeted on Thursday that he had canceled a planned meeting with Putin, due to a recent naval clash between Russia and Ukraine. \nBased on the fact that the ships and sailors have not been returned to Ukraine from Russia, I have decided it would be best for all parties concerned to cancel my previously scheduled meeting…. — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) November 29, 2018   The tweet came less than two hours after the Kremlin told reporters that the meeting would take place. We’ll bring you the latest on these stories, as well as other news from around the globe, with our panel of journalists. Text by Paige Osburn. GUESTS Peter Bergen, CNN’s national security analyst; vice president and director of the international security program at New America; author of “United States of Jihad: Investigating America’s Homegrown Terrorists”; @peterbergencnn Rajini Vaidyanathan, BBC correspondent and anchor for World News America; @BBCRajiniV Courtney Kube, National security and military reporter, NBC News; @ckubenbc For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.']' but very far from '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men']'.

Question: A Jittery America Braces for Potential Attacks

As the nation prepares in earnest for a potential terror attack, public officials walk a fine line between informing people and generating panic. NPR's Pam Fessler reports.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Democratic Strategist and Congressman Rahm Emanuel

Rahm Emanuel, an Illinois congressman and chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, explains his plan for the future of the Democratic Party and the broader American political system. Emanuel is a former senior advisor to Bill Clinton and co-author of "The Plan: Big Ideas for America." [pre-recorded]

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Black Marine Biologist's Starring Role -- Underwater

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Dijanna Figueroa is one of only a few African Americans working in the specialized field of marine biology. She tells Ed Gordon how she went from the laboratory to a starring role in director James Cameron's underwater film Aliens of the Deep.

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Stories: 1) Nick Cave: A Dark, Intricate Songwriter 2) Cranston Cooks Up Emmy Gold In 'Breaking Bad' 3) Spike Lee's Epic Canvas, Painted With Broad Strokes


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Question: Heading Off Sex Trafficking At Super Bowl 50

Super Bowl 50 is being held just south of San Francisco this year in the city of Santa Clara. Even though kick-off isn’t until Sunday, the pre-game festivities are in full force. Up to a million people are expected to pour into the Bay Area throughout this week for concerts, street festivals and fireworks shows. But law enforcement warns there’s a darker side to all the fun – sex traffickers trying to cash in on the big event. Tara Siler from Here & Now contributor KQED reports.
Read more via KQED

Reporter

Tara Siler, reporter for KQED.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Rufina Amaya, Survivor of the El Mozote Massacre

Rufina Amaya died last week. She was one of the few survivors who spoke out after the Salvadoran Army's infamous 1981 massacre of villagers in El Mozote. New York Times reporter Ray Bonner was one of the first reporters to travel to the village, several weeks after the massacre, to tell its story in January 1981. Amaya's tragic experience was central to his understanding of the government attack. Bonner speaks with Scott Simon about Amaya's role in the telling of the El Mozote story. SCOTT SIMON, host:  The woman who spent two and a half decades telling the world about the Salvadoran Army slaughter of her village has died. Rufina Amaya was 64 years old and she died of a stroke. On December 11th 1981, Salvadoran Army units killed more than 800 people in and around the village of El Mozote. Rufina Amaya's husband and four children were among those killed.  The news of the massacre did not appear until it was reported a month later by Alma Guillermoprieto of the Washington Post and Raymond Bonner of the New York Times. They traveled to the scene of the massacre with Salvadoran Guerillas and along with a photographer Susan Meiselas.  Raymond Bonner joins us by phone from Oxford, England. And Ray, thanks for being with us.  Mr. RAY BONNER (Reporter, New York Times): It's always a pleasure, Scott.  SIMON: I want to read from that dispatch that you filed...  Mr. BONNER: All right.  SIMON: (Reading) It was a great massacre, 38-year-old Rufina Amaya told a visitor who traveled through the area with those who were fighting against the junta who now rules El Salvador. They left nothing. Somewhere amid the carnage were Mrs. Amaya's husband, who was blind; her 9-year-old son; and three daughters, age five years, three years and eight months.  Mrs. Amaya said she heard her son scream: Mama, they're killing me. They've killed my sister. They're going to kill me. She said that when the soldiers began gathering the women into a group, she escaped and hid behind some trees in the back of the houses.  This is a woman, who - I don't - words escape me, she survived something worse than the worst nightmare any human being can have. What do you remember of her manner?  Mr. BONNER: Her manner was very quiet, very understated in a way. There was something so simple about her and in her simplicity, what she did was give it a human face, a human voice, and I don't think she'd been coached. You can tell, as a journalist, when somebody has been coached. When their answers are pat, you know, you just don't ask one question, you ask a lot of question. And then when you saw it with yourself, you saw the bodies, you saw the massacre, you saw the skulls, you saw the carnage - it all fit.  SIMON: You reported this story and she came forward and spoke to you and Alma and Susan Meiselas at that time when Salvadoran government denied that that had happened.  Mr. BONNER: Not only the Salvadoran government, the U.S. government.  SIMON: Yeah. Did Rufina Amaya take her life in her hands when she talked to you?  Mr. BONNER: Probably, but I doubt if she knew it. She was - why wouldn't I tell the story? This is what happened. There was nothing political about - look, you can tell people. There were people who took me in on that trip. I mean, it was so clear that some of them had a political agenda. They didn't take me in there without a political agenda, and I don't think I ever put them in the story, but there was something about her that was very, very genuine.  SIMON: When Rufina Amaya died we read some accounts in the United States that she's given an honored place in the history of El Salvador now, for speaking when she did.  Mr. BONNER: Right. She deserves it. She spoke out.  SIMON: Did that massacre change public opinion?  Mr. BONNER: No. I think the killing of the American churchwomen in December of '80 had more of an impact on policy than the massacre of 700 Salvadorans. How many hundreds, if not thousands, of Salvadorans that had already been killed in that war or in Guatemala? But it was when these four American churchwomen were killed, the three nuns and the other woman, that it become a big story in America.  SIMON: Ray, thank you very much.  Mr. BONNER: Not at all.  SIMON: Raymond Bonner of the New York Times speaking with us from Oxford, England.

Stories: 1) In a Morrocco Town, a Cradle for Killers 2) Plowing Under 'The Perfect Crop' in Afghanistan 3) Dewey Redman Revisited


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Question: The Second Amendment

Following the Virginia Tech shootings, the show examines the Second Amendment and efforts to further regulate personal firearms.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: The Weedstream Media; The Blame Game; The Grip On Germs.


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Question: The News Roundup — International

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A new report from the United Nations says climate change puts us at “code red.” Wildfires burn across Europe and Africa, with at least 65 killed in Algeria alone. The Taliban continues to make headway in Afghanistan, as the White House continues to withdraw American troops. U.S. officials say Kabul could be captured in the next 30 days. And the Delta variant continues to take its toll worldwide, shutting down large parts of Australia. We look at the most important headlines from around the world on the global edition of the News Roundup.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: AIG Asks Recipients To Give Back Part Of Bonus

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House lawmakers grilled AIG Chief Executive Edward Liddy on Wednesday about the $165 million in bonuses paid out to executives at the firm. AIG is a major bailout beneficiary, and the bonuses have provoked outrage from congressional members as well as the public. Liddy says he has asked some of the employees to return part of the bonus.

Good Friday morning, here are our early headlines: Kerry Warns North Korea, But Holds Out Hope For Diplomacy.  Dodgers' $147 Million Ace Greinke Breaks Collarbone In Brawl.  And here are more early headlines: Deadly Spring Storm Exits Midwest, Heads South. (AP) Authorities Intercept Suspicious Package Addressed To Controversial Arizona Sheriff. (Arizona Republic) Bankruptcy Judge Rejects $20 Million Severance For American Airlines CEO. (Dallas Morning News) NASDAQ Cuts Its CEO's Bonus Over Bungled Facebook IPO. (Reuters) Venezuelans To Vote On Sunday For Chavez Successor. (Bloomberg) Bailed Out Cyprus To Ask For Fresh Financial Help. (BBC) Early American Christian Hymnal Could Fetch $30 Million At Auction. (Christian Post) Seaweed Latte, Bacon Coffee Featured At National Barista Competition. (CBS) At Masters Tournament, 14-Year-Old Golfer Plays Beyond His Years. (ESPN)


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Question: Analysts: By Spring, Clothes Will Be 10 Percent More Expensive

For the past few years, consumers have grown accustomed to deflation. In the past decade, the price of clothes has dropped. Well, quoting analysts and industry executives, the AP reports that this spring clothing manufacturers will hike up prices by as much as 10 percent. The AP reports:  As the world economy recovers and demand for goods rises, a surge in labor and raw materials costs is squeezing retailers and manufacturers who have run out of ways to pare costs. Cotton has more than doubled in price over the past year, hitting all-time highs. The price of other synthetic fabrics has jumped roughly 50 percent as demand for alternatives and blends has risen.  According to the story, raw materials account for 25 percent to 50 percent of the cost of producing clothes. Cotton is selling for record prices because weather has cut harvests in China, the U.S., Pakistan and Australia. Also, during the recession, decreased demand shut down plants and they haven't reopened.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: After Chávez: His 'Revolution' Is Likely To Continue. Storm Brings Season's Heaviest Snowfall To Midwest, Mid-Atlantic. And here are more early headlines: Brennan's CIA Nomination On 'Fast Track'; Vote May Come As Early As Thursday. (AP) Finally! Last Cardinal Expected Soon At Vatican To Help Choose New Pope. (CNN) Could Dow's New Record Prompt More Spending By Wealthy? (Marketwatch) European Union Fines Microsoft For Denying Consumers Web Browser Choice. (Reuters) After Two Years Of Fighting, Syria Has 1 Million Refugees. (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles City Councilman, Controller, Headed For Mayoral Runoff. (KPCC) Czech Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Under Attack By Hackers. (Reuters) Did The Duchess Of Cambridge Drop A Hint About Her Baby's Gender? (People)


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Question: Columnist, Speechwriter William Safire Dies at 79

William Safire, a columnist for The New York Times and a speechwriter in the Nixon White House, died Sunday at age 79. He had pancreatic cancer and had been staying at a hospice in Rockville, Md.

Stories: 1) 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' Gears Up for New Season 2) Evangelist D. James Kennedy Dies at Age 76


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Question: If Jimmy Fallon Gets His Way, 'Your Baby's First Word Will Be Dada'

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A lot of things seem to come easy for The Tonight Show's Jimmy Fallon: comedy, music, dancing. Fatherhood didn't. Fallon and his wife struggled with fertility issues for years before they had their two daughters. Now one is almost 2, the other is not yet 1 and both are the inspiration for Fallon's new children's book, Your Baby's First Word Will Be Dada. It's a series of pictures in which daddy animals try desperately (and utterly fail) to get their babies to say "dada" as their first word. "The thing about this book is there's no real point to it. ... It's a selfish thing," Fallon tells NPR's David Greene. "I just want the baby's first word to be 'dada.' I don't care if she's smart. I have one agenda." The book captures Fallon's own effort to be his first daughter's favored parent. He says, "I would try to trick her into saying, 'dada.' I would call everything in the house 'dada.' Like her bottle — I would go, 'Dada time!' You know, like, 'Do you want another dada?' ... I really just want her to say dada."  Interview Highlights On the fertility issues he and his wife struggled with It was a tough time and ... it's not easy. We didn't know, you know, which one of us wasn't clicking. I slept upside down at one point — I was like dangling from the ceiling. You know, like you drink teas. And my wife, gosh, she just put up with a lot of stuff. Luckily, [we] got involved with a surrogate and so she had our babies. ... She's a blessing; it was the best thing that ever happened to us. I promised myself I wouldn't be that guy when I had a baby, like, "Oh, you want to see a picture of my babies?" My whole iPhone is just all baby pictures. It used to be, I guess, food? I don't know what else you take with your iPhone — it's brunch or babies. ... I definitely really appreciate what I have. I mean I just love them so much and it's insane. It was a long time, just kind of a weird time. A lot of people don't really talk about it that much, you know, and I think they should. I don't know whether it would be a bigger issue, you know. Should you freeze your eggs or whatever when you're a woman? No one talks about it. I don't think I should be the spokesperson for that stuff. You can talk to my wife about it. But she was like, "No one tells you." On his playful Tonight Show comedy You can be as creative as you want; you can just do just weird bits. Some things work; some things don't. We always tell our guest, like, "You can always say no, but we had this idea where we want you to be in a giant bird's nest and you're a man who plays the flute and has rhyming couplets." And Jude Law was like, "Oh, OK, I'll do it." I'm like, "Really?" On whether he sees himself as a grown-up I guess I am technically a grown-up, yeah yeah yeah. But if you can play with everything and have fun all day, why would you not choose that? ... I mean, this doesn't feel like work to me. This is like total play. My job is to make you smile before you go to bed and I'll do whatever I have to do. I'll dress up as a 15-year-old girl and say, "Ew!" You know, whatever, if it'll make you laugh. If you don't think about your problems for one hour, then I did my job.

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: Anti-Gay Remarks Lost A Congressman Wall Street, And Maybe His House Seat

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E.g. ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'Kevin Henkes was just a teenager when he decided he wanted to write picture books. He landed his first book contract when he was still in college. "People used to assume that I had kids long before I did," he tells NPR\'s Kelly McEvers. He eventually had children of his own, but that didn\'t change his writing process the way one might have expected. "When my wife was pregnant with our first child people would say, \'Oh now you\'re going to have so many more ideas,\' " he recalls. "And it didn\'t really happen. I think some of the greats in this field were not parents. I think it probably comes from some other place deep inside. I don\'t think you have to have children to write for them." The Caldecott and Newbery award-winning author, who has won children over with his lovable cast of characters — Chrysanthemum, Wemberly, Kitten, Lilly — has a new picture book, called Waiting.  Interview Highlights On Waiting Waiting is about five figurines that are sitting on a windowsill — and waiting. Usually my books are about something small writ large and I think of this as something large made small. So it\'s really about the concept of waiting. It\'s not about one child waiting for one specific thing. It\'s bigger and broader than that. On the way adults think about children  Sometimes I think as adults we think of them as — because they\'re small in size that they\'re small in all ways — and they\'re not. They have big feelings, and they have big eyes, they see things, they hear things, they\'re living life just the way an adult does and I think sometimes as adults we forget that. On how he became a children\'s book author I grew up always wanting to be an artist, and it was in high school when I started to really like writing. I was a junior in high school thinking about what I wanted to do with my life and I thought it would be great if I could find a job in which I could both draw and paint ... and write which was this new thing that I loved. And I thought children\'s picture books would be the perfect job for me. It was a great combination of those skills and that\'s when I decided that\'s what I wanted to do. On showing up in New York, just after freshman year I went to New York from Wisconsin the summer between my freshman and sophomore years of college. I made a list of my 10 favorite publishers and studied them; I knew who I wanted to be published by. And I was so lucky, my first choice — Greenwillow Books, Susan Hirschman, editor-in-chief — accepted my book while I was in New York and it was one of the most memorable days of my life. But it\'s interesting looking back; I think at 19 I had a certain confidence that I don\'t know if I have at 54. I really thought: I\'ll fly to New York and I will come home with a contract for a book. I really truly believed it. ... I am less confident now than I was back then. On why he won\'t get behind things he\'s not proud of There are a lot of things that I\'ve said no to — just to keep it pure. ... After Lilly\'s Purple Plastic Purse, which was very successful for me, I wrote another Lilly book right away and Susan Hirschman, my editor at the time, rejected it, saying: Anyone would publish this, but I don\'t think it\'s good enough for you and I think that if we published it you would probably be unhappy down the road. And I think that was true. I really want everything that\'s out there with my name on it to be as good as I think it can be. They do take time, there is a lot of waiting in this job. But I do want anything out there to be really, really good ... and so I\'ll keep waiting until it\'s right. On wanting his books to give kids a sense of home I think books can do lots of things. I think books can open one\'s eyes to what else is in the world, but it\'s also nice if one can see oneself. I think as a boy I liked both kinds of books — I liked books that let me see that the world was wide and large but I also loved books where a character might have the same feeling that I had about something — that makes one feel like one is not alone in the world. And I guess that is sort of a sense of home — that we are at home with one another, and to read a book and to have a deep feeling that someone else — the person who made this book — feels what I feel, can be a great comfort I think. On whether he read his own books to his own kids A little bit. Not a lot. I did because I wanted them to know what I did every day up in the attic room. The thing that I started doing was reading to them at breakfast. Reading novels. Which was a great thing because I would read to both of them and my wife would be making the lunches so all four of us had this shared experience. Over the course of weeks we\'d have this shared experience where we\'d discuss it and talk about it. It was interesting. My daughter said she didn\'t want old-fashioned books. But we raced through the Little House books. My son decided he didn\'t want any books in which the protagonists were girls. But I said let\'s just try Ramona. And he of course,'] == ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "Some Kids' Books Are Worth The Wait: 'They Do Take Time,' Says Kevin Henkes"]

For most of his career, Wall Street has been good to Rep. Scott Garrett (R, N.J.). Garrett is chairman of a powerful subcommittee that regulates banks, a job that traditionally comes with perks, including big political contributions from financial firms. But that was before Garrett made some controversial remarks about gays. In a closed-door meeting with the National Republican Congressional Committee in 2015, Garrett reportedly said he would withhold his dues unless the party stopped supporting gay candidates. After those comments leaked to the press, Garrett found himself doing damage control. "I have no problems with anyone running for office," Garrett told an interviewer from New Jersey public broadcaster NJTV earlier this year. "I support the Republican platform. Which I think you just mentioned is supporting of traditional marriage." Now Garrett's comments are creating problems for his reelection bid. In 2012 and 2014, financial firms donated an average of $600,000 per cycle to Garrett's campaigns. After his anti-gay remarks, that number dropped by half. Capital One, Goldman Sachs, and big Japanese brokerage firm Nomura all stopped payments to Garrett's political action committee. "There are real risks from a brand perspective, and from a talent-recruiting perspective, from being associated with anti-LGBT, or anti-inclusive policies," says Todd Sears, a former investment banker and founder of Out Leadership, a group that promotes LGBT awareness in financial firms and other industries. Garrett's situation underscores how quickly the politics around LGBT issues have shifted. It wasn't long ago that support for LGBT rights could have been a political liability in all but a handful of Congressional districts. Now polls show growing support for same-sex marriage and LGBT rights generally, especially among millennials. "It's not just a fringe issue, as it might have been 10 years ago," says Sears. The Republican Party is still wrestling with how to respond. The party has supported a handful of gay candidates, which is what prompted Scott Garrett to withhold his dues in the first place. Democrats have been trying for years to paint Garrett as too conservative for moderate voters in the New York City suburbs. So far, it hasn't worked. But they sound confident that this year is different. "His anti-gay comments are just one part of a very extreme Tea Party record that's now out there," says Democratic challenger Josh Gottheimer, a former speechwriter for Bill Clinton who went on to work for Ford Motor Company and Microsoft. "I think as you peel back the onion here, people say 'Wait a second, I didn't realize just how extreme this guy is,'" Gottheimer says. Gottheimer has raised more than $3 million, which has allowed the campaign to air TV ads like this one in one of the country's most expensive media markets. And the race has become a top target for House Majority PAC, which has spent more than $1.5 million attacking Scott Garrett. Democrats hope to persuade people like Karen Gerbatsch, a registered Republican and self-described fiscal conservative who's voted for Garrett before. "I started looking at Scott Garrett and what he represents, and it's not me," says Gerbatsch. "The woman's right to choose isn't there. Legal rights for people of all sexual orientation to get married is not there." Gerbatsch lives in Oakland, N.J., a leafy suburb about 25 miles from Manhattan. But if you keep driving west across this congressional district, the suburbs give way to fields and forests near the Pennsylvania border. The northwestern corner of New Jersey is where Scott Garrett lives. And where his support is the strongest. "I know I've changed his oil many times before some of the big votes," says Kevin Kennedy, who runs an auto repair shop near Garrett's house in Wantage. It's easy to spot, thanks to half a dozen Garrett for Congress signs on the lawn. Kennedy says Garrett is soft-spoken and serious — a regular guy. "I heard on the radio they called him a bigot and all kinds of different things," Kennedy says. "I think it's totally unfair. Anything I've seen from the guy, he's just a gentleman." Kennedy says they've talked a couple times about this year's election. And he says Scott Garrett seems pretty nervous.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Fresh Air Weekend: Author Ashely C. Ford; Flight Attendant/Novelist T.J. Newman

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Fresh Air Weekend highlights some of the best interviews and reviews from past weeks, and new program elements specially paced for weekends. Our weekend show emphasizes interviews with writers, filmmakers, actors and musicians, and often includes excerpts from live in-studio concerts. This week:  In 'Somebody's Daughter' Ashley C. Ford Confronts The Crimes Of Her Father: For many years, Ford didn't know why her dad was in prison. As a teenager, she was shocked to learn he'd been convicted of rape. "With rape, there's no mistake about the intention to harm," she says. Sarah Vaughan's Magnificent Voice Reigns In 'Live At The Berlin Philharmonie': Vaughan combined an operatic sense of drama and vocal control with an improviser's risk-taking. A newly released 1969 concert recording is an ambitious showcase of her pop and classical sensibilities.  Fasten Your Seat Belts, Flight Attendant-Turned-Novelist Shares Stories From The Sky: During her 10 years as a flight attendant, T.J. Newman became an expert in guessing drink orders and calming unruly passengers. She drew on those experiences to write the hijack thriller Falling. You can listen to the original interviews and review here:  In 'Somebody's Daughter' Ashley C. Ford Confronts The Crimes Of Her Father Sarah Vaughan's Magnificent Voice Reigns In 'Live At The Berlin Philharmonie' Fasten Your Seat Belts, Flight Attendant-Turned-Novelist Shares Stories From The Sky

Stories: 1) Anita O'Day: Revisiting A Classic Voice 2) Harvey Kurtzman: The Comics World's 'Mad Genius' 3) Zooey Deschanel, From Actress To Indie Rocker 4) Foul Mouths And A Penetrating Farce In 'The Loop'


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Question: Report: The Increasingly Unequal States Of America

A study released this week supports previous reporting that income growth in America has been lopsided ever since the economy began to bounce back from the recent recession. The Economic Policy Institute, a nonprofit think tank, examined federal tax data, state-by-state, and found the national trend of lopsided growth persists. The center's report is titled The Increasingly Unequal States Of America.  The research was led by Estelle Sommeiller, a socio-economist at the Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales in France, and Mark Price,  a labor economist at the Keystone Research Center in Harrisburg, Penn. Price told NPR that since 1979, "in almost every state, there's been more growth in income for the top one percent, than for the bottom 99 percent [of Americans]." And while the last few years have seen the U.S. recovering from the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, economist Justin Wolfers writes in The New York Times that, setting aside capital gains "which are largely enjoyed by the rich, it remains the case that nearly all the fruits of that recovery have gone to the rich." There are some exceptions. In West Virginia, incomes of the top one percent actually fell, while the rest of the population's grew. Incomes rose both for the top one percent and for the rest of the population in Indiana, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Vermont, New Mexico, Kentucky, Alaska and Hawaii. North Dakota 99 percent's income lags amid energy boom Mark Price highlighted North Dakota as an extreme example. The income of the bottom 99 percent has grown by 21 percent since 2000. That's because they've been riding an energy boom which has created millionaires. "At the same time," Price said, "the top one percent in North Dakota's income grew by 103 percent. You still see the national pattern, which is that most of the growth is going to that tiny fraction of folks." Not all states have benefited in the same way from the energy boom. Pennsylvania has also been exploring its energy resources, but its unemployment has been in line with the national average. "The numbers here are much worse," said Price. "The bottom 99 percent have actually lost ground, and the top one percent have seen growth of about 28 percent." That, Price explained, is in part because the oil and gas industry doesn't typically employ as many people as, say, the health industry. But it's also because Pennsylvania has over 17 times the population of North Dakota, and a far more diverse economy, so it's harder to make a dent in a recession. A Morgan Stanley poll of over 300 millionaires found that most of them list the "increasing income gap between poor and wealthy Americans" as a top concern. And while 2015 is expected to bring more growth in income for all sectors, Price said his concern is that the results are going to continue looking a lot like North Dakota: most of the gains will go to people at the top.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Hong Kong, Police Clear Final 'Occupy' Protest Site. -- U.S. Says It Has Closed Its Final Detention Center In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: The Latest On The Congressional Omnibus Spending Bill. (Politico) U.N Official Calls For Prosecution Of U.S. Agents In Harsh Interrogations. (Newsweek) U.S. Finds Medical Bills Lead Americans' Unpaid Debts. (CFPB) Study Finds More Than 5 Trillion Pieces Of Plastic In World's Oceans. (New York Times) British, Irish Prime Ministers Join Northern Irish Peace Talks. (BBC) Falling Oil Prices Swell Alaska's Potential Budget Deficit. (AP) After 12 Days, Missing Boater Found Miles Off Hawaii. (Christian Science Monitor)


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Question: Thistlepod with Fiona Ritchie: First of the Year

Our quest to discover the best new releases through the year begins with some stunning music from Grey Larsen, Maddie Prior, Beoga, Mozaik, Breabach and Sinead O'Connor from the soundtrack of The Water Horse, Legend of the Deep.  View full podcast details at thistle.npr.org

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A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: What's at Stake in the Michigan Primary?

Here's a guide to what's at stake for the candidates in Michigan's presidential primaries Jan. 15, and the issues that will be on voters' minds. REPUBLICAN PRIMARY Candidates:  Ex-Mayor Rudolph Giuliani (NY), Ex-Gov. Mike Huckabee (AR), Rep. Duncan Hunter (CA), Sen. John McCain (AZ), Rep. Ron Paul (TX), Ex-Gov. Mitt Romney (MA), Ex-Sen. Fred Thompson (TN)  What's at Stake: Romney and McCain are pinning their presidential hopes on Michigan, where both have strong ties. Romney grew up there; his father also served as the state's governor in the 1960s. McCain won the primary there in 2000. Both candidates must do well in Michigan. McCain needs to prove his campaign is bigger than the New Hampshire primary. Romney needs to prove he's still viable, having placed second in Iowa and New Hampshire.  But polls show Huckabee is also a contender. Repeating his strategy in Iowa, he is hoping to appeal to the state's Christian conservatives. Huckabee is trying to woo them with a message of economic populism, in addition to his religious values. Romney is now focusing his campaign exclusively on Michigan, running ads and spending his time there. His new ads focus on what he calls "Michigan values," as well as his ties to the state. The McCain campaign has joked that anyone who remembers Romney's father as governor has probably moved to Arizona by now. Thompson has been focusing on the Jan. 19 Republican primary in South Carolina, where he hopes to win back some of the support he has recently ceded to Huckabee. Giuliani has been spending his time campaigning in Florida — whose Jan. 29 primary has become the focal point of his campaign, as his standing in national polls has plummeted from first to third. The Issues: Michigan's unemployment rate is higher than the nation's — 7.5 percent compared with the national average of 5 percent, according to U.S. Department of Labor figures from December.  The economy is a major issue for Michigan voters — the state's auto industry continues to shrink. In his campaign stops there, McCain has promised to create a job-retraining program centered around community colleges, to replace existing federal programs that he says do not work. Romney has suggested that, as a businessman, he has the know-how to revive jobs in that hard-hit state. And Huckabee is running ads in Michigan that use the line he tried in New Hampshire: Voters want a president who reminds them of a co-worker, not the guy who laid them off. DEMOCRATIC PRIMARY  Candidates: Sen. Hillary Clinton (NY), Ex-Sen. Mike Gravel (AK), Rep. Dennis Kucinich (OH)  What's at Stake:  The state Democratic Party's effort to move up the primary date was a complete bust. It resulted in sanctions from the Democratic National Committee and warnings to the candidates not to campaign there. Clinton is the only front-runner candidate on the ballot, so coming in first could prove meaningless. Major contenders for the Democratic nomination have not been campaigning there. With reporting from NPR Staff and the Associated Press

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Some Political Theater; From the Middle East to the Midwest; and What is ... Bad News For Humans?


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Festival of the Kalends

Michael Ellis looks at an ancient Roman festival with a modern message for the Christmas season.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology