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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr E.g. ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR.', 'Today, the 53 countries of the British Commonwealth mark a historic milestone as Queen Elizabeth II becomes the longest-serving monarch in British history. She surpasses Queen Victoria, who reigned for 63 years, seven months and two days. Sixty-four years ago, Quentin Wadman was a Boy Scout in Kenya, then a British colony. Elizabeth, then still a princess, was visiting, and there weren\'t enough police, so the Boy Scouts were called in to line the route. "We had to wait quite a long time for the princess to come," Wadman recalls. Sitting in an East London retirement home all these decades later, Wadman remembers that one of the Boy Scouts fainted from standing at attention too long. Finally, they heard a shout: "The princess is coming!" "Quickly, men came and set up a portable throne, a small portable throne. And she sat on the throne for a few minutes," Wadman says. Neither he nor the rest of the world had any idea that day — Feb. 5, 1952 — would go down in history. "It was the last day she was a princess," Wadman says. "That night, her father died, and she became queen." The formal coronation ceremony for Queen Elizabeth II took place in London the following year. In archival footage from the BBC, a presenter describes that day: "And here you see more than 30,000 schoolchildren cheering their heads off, having the time of their lives on this coronation day as they see all the queen\'s horses and men going by." Roger Bardett, now 76, vividly remembers that June day in 1953. "It was a dreadful day," he says. "Rain, rain, rain, all the time. And this coach left Westminster Abbey, and it was still raining. Then there was this sudden interval between the showers, and as she drove towards Buckingham Palace, sun was out. And it would seem quite miraculous that the sun was shining on the new queen." Ninety-four-year-old Leonard Driver has slightly foggier memories of that day. "We all watched it. I was probably half-drunk at the time, because the beer was free!" he says with a laugh. In the 20th century, monarchies crumbled all over the world. The British royal family is a dramatic exception. "I think we\'re a bit surprised that the monarchy is still here," says Robert Lacey, a historian and author who wrote a biography of Elizabeth II. "You think back to the swinging \'60s, satire, the Beatles — you wouldn\'t have given much time for the monarchy then [or] in the depths of the scandals of the 1990s, Windsor Castle burning down so significantly." Yet it endured. And here\'s what makes this queen so different from other world leaders: Her clout does not come from great oration. She\'s not famous for the memorable words that she has spoken or actions she has taken. In fact, says Lacey, it\'s exactly the opposite. "This absolute refusal to say anything important, this politeness, in an age of celebrity when everybody splashes their emotions and their feelings all over their personal phones, and politicians do the same — actually, someone who respects rules of civility and politeness matters." Today\'s events capture that quality of hers perfectly. The 89-year-old queen is not celebrating this milestone with fireworks or a palace ball. Instead, she\'s in Scotland, attending the opening of a new railway line. RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:  The queen marks a big milestone today. Elizabeth II becomes the longest-serving monarch in British history, on the throne for 63 years and seven months, longer than her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria. NPR\'s Ari Shapiro reports from London that the 53 countries of the Commonwealth will be celebrating. ARI SHAPIRO, BYLINE: Sixty-four years ago, Quentin Wadman was a Boy Scout in Kenya. The country was a British colony at the time. Princess Elizabeth was visiting, and there weren\'t enough police. So the Boy Scouts were called in to line the route. QUENTIN WADMAN: And we had to wait quite a long time there for the princess to come. SHAPIRO: Sitting in an East London retirement home all these decades later, Wadman remembers that one of the Boy Scouts fainted from standing at attention too long. Finally, they heard a shout. WADMAN: And said the princess is coming. Quickly men came and set up a portable throne, a small portable throne. And she sat on the throne for a few minutes. SHAPIRO: Quentin Wadman had no idea that day, February 5, 1952, would go down in history. WADMAN: And it was the last day she was a princess. That night, her father died, and she became queen. SHAPIRO: Queen Elizabeth II. The formal coronation ceremony took place in London the following year. This is archival footage from the BBC. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER: And here you see more than 30,000 schoolchildren cheering their heads off, having the time of their lives on this coronation day as they see all the queen\'s horses and men going by. SHAPIRO: Seventy-six-year-old Roger Bardett vividly remembers that June day in 1953. ROGER BARDETT: It was a dreadful day, rain, rain, rain all the time. And thi'] == ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'A Milestone For A Beloved Monarch']


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Question: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Doctors expected to see high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in the months following the September 11th attacks. But a new study shows that while stress disorders have risen for those living in the New York City area, national levels haven't changed much. NPR's Joseph Shapiro reports.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Conflict of Interest

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A bitterly divided Supreme Court upheld the death sentence last week of a convicted murderer whose court-appointed lawyer previously represented the murder victim. Tavis Smiley moderates a debate between trial lawyer and TV host Raymond Brown, and Kent Scheidegger, Legal Director of the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in California, over fairness and conflict of interest in the criminal justice system.

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EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Bump Stock Manufacturer Is Shutting Down Production

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Slide Fire Solutions, the company that invented and manufactures bump stocks, announced Tuesday it is shutting down production. A notice on its website reads, "On Sunday, May 20, 2018 at midnight CST, Slide Fire will cease taking orders for its products and shut down its website." Bump stocks are modification devices used to accelerate a gun's shooting rate so it fires like an automatic weapon — almost as fast as machine guns, which are largely outlawed. Slide Fire President Jeremiah Cottle designed and holds the only approved patent for bump stocks. It's unclear whether the freeze will be temporary or permanent, or what might happen to the factory in Texas. Slide Fire did not respond to NPR's requests for comment. And the posted notice asks visitors to the site to enter an email address to "stay updated on any future news." The devices, and Slide Fire products specifically, have come under intense public and political scrutiny since the rapid-fire gun accessory was used in the Oct. 1, 2017, Las Vegas mass shooting that left 58 dead and hundreds more injured. Three of those victims have filed a lawsuit seeking class-action status against Slide Fire and any future bump stock manufacturers for negligence. According to the complaint, "this horrific assault would not and could not have occurred, with a conventional handgun, rifle, or shotgun, of the sort used by law-abiding responsible gun owners for hunting or self defense." Court documents also allege that Slide Fire manufactured, marketed and sold devices to gun owners who wanted semi-automatic rifles to mimic fully automatic weapons, "thereby subverting federal law that has highly regulated machine guns for over 80 years." "Slide Fire's decision is just something they're doing now to try to relieve political pressure they're under," Robert Eglet told NPR. Eglet is a senior partner at Eglet Prince, the firm that filed the class-action lawsuit on behalf of the Las Vegas victims along with the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. He contends the shutdown is a strategic move by the company to "put the brakes on any congressional movement that would prevent them or anyone else from producing these bump stocks in the future." This is not the first time Slide Fire is halting production. As NPR reported, it suspended sales shortly after the devices were used in the Las Vegas shooting in October. But less than a month later, days after another mass shooting in Texas, Slide Fire restarted production on the controversial accessories. Regardless of what the company does or doesn't do, Eglet said, he and his clients are continuing to pursue this case. "We want to sue these people out of business and send a message to any future manufacturers that that's what will happen to them if they try to make and sell these devices to the public," Eglet said. The devices have been legal since June 2010, after the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives determined a bump stock "is a firearm part and is not regulated as a firearm under [the] Gun Control Act or the National Firearms Act," according to a letter from the ATF to Slide Fire. Bloomberg reported that Slide Fire, which is the nation's only manufacturer of bump stocks, earned more than $10 million in sales in its first year of business. The company was engaged in a years-long patent infringement battle with another manufacturer, FosTecH Outdoors, but that was settled in 2012. The rival company has since gone out of business, the founder told Reuters. The carnage of the Las Vegas shooting, exacerbated by Stephen Paddock's use of bump stocks, has altered the national debate on gun control regulations. It prompted President Trump to call for a ban on the devices, and in March, the Justice Department took the first step in banning their sale, manufacture or possession.

Good morning. Sorry we're late with the roundup. We've had quite a few things to post about already today, as you can see: -- Before Obama's Plan Is Out, NRA Calls Him An 'Elitist Hypocrite' -- Inflation Rate Slowed Sharply In 2012; Prices Were Flat In December -- UPDATE: 'Turmoil' For Many Parents As NYC School Bus Drivers Strike -- Fireball, Panic As Helicopter Crashes In London -- Blast Rocks Kabul; Dozens Wounded, Attackers Killed -- Interior Sec. Salazar Is Latest Member Of Cabinet To Announce Departure Among the other stories making headlines: -- "French Troops Move North As Mali Rebels Dig In." (The New York Times) -- "Islamists Attack Algerian Gas Feld, Kill, Kidnap Foreigners." (Reuters) -- Former South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford (R) Announces Bid For Congress. (The State) -- Top Japan Airlines Ground Boeing 787 Dreamliners. (BBC News) -- With Confession, Lance Armstrong Is Hoping To Reduce Lifetime Ban From Competition And Head Off A Lawsuit That Could Cost Him Nearly $100 Million. (The Washington Post)


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Question: Human Genome Project

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Alex talks with science correspondent David Kastenbaum about the soon to be complete Human Genome project.


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Question: How Do Pharmaceutical Companies Establish Drug Prices?

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Drug companies are under increasing pressure to keep prices under control. At a hearing on Capitol Hill Thursday, lawmakers from both sides of the aisle blasted two companies that have instituted huge price increases. NPR explores how drug companies establish prices for a drug.

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: New England Patriots

Toni Randolph of member station WBUR reports New England sports fans are savoring the Patriot's first Super Bowl victory. The Patriots pulled off a major upset over the St. Louis Rams.

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Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: A Fearsome Foursome; A Coke or Pepsi Debate; Peter Parker's Broadway Debut.


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Question: As Iraq Comes Apart At The Seams, Washington Weighs What To Do

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Grave questions face the Iraqi government, and U.S. officials are scrambling to decide what to do. The U.S. helped shape the country; is there anything it can — or would — do to keep it together?


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Question: Copyright Infringement

What happens when the image of one of Seattle's best-known pieces of art is used to promote the Seattle Symphony? Artist Jack Mackie takes the symphony to court for copyright infringement. Marcie Sillman, of member station KUOW reports that the case raises the question of whether public art is in the public domain.

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Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: The Peloponnesian War

For many who suffered through a world history course, the eyes may start to glaze over at the mention of the Peloponnesian War. But the Peloponnesian War is a tragic story of virtue and ambition, of failed deterrence and military genius. It's a story of the society that developed theater, history, philosophy and architecture to unparalleled heights, and its collapse. For decades, scholars have turned to author Donald Kagan's four-volume history. Now he's written a new single-volume history of the Peloponnesian War. He joins host Neal Conan for a discussion. Short History of the Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War was actually a sequence of three conflicts, fought from 431 to 404 BC between the dominant city-states of Athens, master of an empire of allied states stretching across the Aegean Sea, and Sparta, which dominated its neighborhood through the Peloponnesian League. The two sides were  iconic opposites -- Athens was the world's first democracy, where an assembly of male citizens voted on all decisions.  Poor in natural resources, it was the naval power of the ancient world, and, as long as it held its port at Piraeus, was virtually invulnerable to outside attack.  Sparta had the best army; its male citizens did little but train and fight.  But its militaristic elite were hampered by a constant fear of revolt among the helots, the virtual slaves who supported them. The war that would eventually diminish both city-states started as a regional conflict between the city of Corinth and one of its colonies.  Athens and Sparta were drawn into the dispute reluctantly, but as time went on, found themselves inextricably enmeshed. At the start, Pericles, the great Athenian commander, fought a war of attrition against the Spartans.  Instead of risking a land battle by defending the countryside, he brought the entire population into the fortified city, and harassed the Peloponnesian League with his superior navy.  But in 430, a plague broke out within the city walls, killing large numbers of citizens and destroying support for Pericles' tactics The two powers agreed to peace in 424, but neither side held to the treaty.  In 415, hostilities started up again, this time over control of Greek colonies on the island of Sicily.  In the following years, the destruction of the Athenian fleet, the revolt of many of Athens allies, internal unrest, and the intervention of Persia on the side of the Spartans, slowly diminished the state's power.  In 405, Sparta was able to cut off Athens supply lines.  The city soon surrendered. The victorious Spartans installed an oligarchy to rule their defeated neighbor, ushering in a bloody period of witch hunts and political executions.  Although that government was overthrown a year later, Athenian democracy was critically diminished.  And while Sparta enjoy a period of dominance in the region, the war left it critically weakened as well.  Its hegemony was short-lived.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Hoosier Boo-sier, The Okay Satan, Egg McRib.


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Question: Study Calculates Just How Much Age, Medical Conditions Raise Odds Of Severe COVID-19

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People age 50 and older are around 2-and-a-half times more likely to progress to a severe case of COVID-19. That's according to a new study  that quantifies the risk factors that increase the odds that people infected with the coronavirus will develop a severe case of the disease. The research, conducted by doctors in Shanghai, is a meta-analysis that examined data from 30 studies conducted between December 2019 and Feb. 19 involving 53,000 patients with confirmed cases of COVID-19. Most of the studies were conducted in Wuhan and other Chinese cities, though the analysis did include three studies involving patients from the United States, Australia and Korea. Cases were considered to be severe if they had symptoms such as shortness of breath requiring 30 or more breaths per minutes (12 to 20 breaths a minute is considered normal for an adult); dangerously low levels of oxygen in the blood; and radiographic evidence of lung damage that had grown by 50% or more within a 24 to 48 hour period. Being male increased the odds of progressing to severe illness by 1.3 times, while smoking made it a little over 1 to 2-and-a-half times more likely, the study found. Overall, patients with underlying medical conditions including hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease were 2 to 3 times more likely to progress to severe illness. Certain conditions raised those odds further, according to the study: For instance, people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder were anywhere from 2-and-a-half to nearly 11 times more likely to get severely ill. Kidney disease is also likely a big risk factor. While the research didn't pinpoint exactly how big that risk is, it suggested it's somewhere between 2- and 16-fold. The researchers say the findings suggest doctors should give more attention and care to older patients with these underlying risk factors. The researchers didn't explain why certain underlying conditions appeared to make patients more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 disease, though they did say that all the conditions cited above can involve an inflammatory response from the body. Patients with chronic kidney disease may be more vulnerable because their kidneys are already weak and damaged, and severe coronavirus infection can further damage those organs. It's possible such patients may have missed dialysis sessions or other regular medical care because they were under quarantine or because the local medical system had to shift resources to focus on the growing epidemic. Other research has also suggested that people with hypertension may be at greater risk from COVID-19. However, neither that earlier study nor the current one made it clear whether the apparent elevated risk was among people whose condition was under control with medication or not, or whether they had other underlying health problems. "It does not make a lot of sense that if somebody is otherwise healthy and young and they have hypertension alone, that they should be at increased risk,"Dr. Mariell Jessup, chief science and medical officer at the American Heart Association, told NPR about the prior finding. However, she noted that so little is known about this coronavirus that everyone should take precautions. Like a lot of research on this fast-moving pandemic, the new study was released prior to peer review on a preprint server to speed up the sharing of information among scientists.


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Question: Christmas Boat Parade

In Southern California's beachside towns, building a snowman for Christmas is out of the question. So they have to make do with what they have. KPCC's Brooke Binkowski reports on a unique holiday tradition in one Orange County city.

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Eureka! Mother Lode Of Gold Found In Australian Mine

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The provided query could be "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Dean Burnett says the human brain is like a computer that files information in a way that defies logic. According to Burnett, brains can alter memory, cause motion sickness and affect intelligence.']" and the positive "['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', "A Neuroscientist Explores The Illogical Behaviors Of The Mind In 'Idiot Brain'"]"

Miner Henry Dole was in for a shock when he went into the Beta Hunt mine in southwestern Australia after the workers set off some explosives.  "Everything was covered in dust, and as I watered the dirt down there was just gold everywhere, as far as you could see," he told Australia's ABC News. "There was chunks of gold in the face, on the ground, truly unique I reckon. ... I nearly fell over looking at it ... we were picking it up for hours." That was just the beginning. The Canadian mine owner RNC Minerals says the find, from a single cut in the mine, includes about 9,250 ounces of high grade gold. At today's gold price, that's worth some $11 million.  The amount of gold found is impressive – but so is the sheer size of the stones. One of them weighs in at more than 200 pounds, and contains about 2,440 ounces of gold. According to ABC, it "took three men to lift it onto the back of a ute," or utility vehicle.  Another large piece weighs nearly 140 pounds and contains about 1,620 ounces of gold.  "This is a spectacular discovery — possibly the find of the century in the Australian Gold Fields," Ross Large, professor of geology at University of Tasmania, told the Financial Times.  "This is the sort of find that you would associate with the 1860s Gold Rush and will probably cause a boom in exploration." Mining experts say it's unusual to find so many large chunks of the shiny stuff.  "People do still record finding nuggets in the goldfields, but typically they are less than several ounces," Sam Spearing, director of the Western Australia School of Mines at Curtin University, told the BBC. "Very, very seldom do we see results on that level. This is an exceedingly rare find and very exciting." It's more typical to find pieces so small that you need a microscope to see them, Spearing told the broadcaster. This find is especially surprising because this particular mine has not actually focused on gold mining – historically, its main metal is nickel.  RNC says it is the first company to start drilling deeper in the area to look for gold.  The company adds that there's a zone in the rock which, "under the right conditions, allow large gold crystal growth and extremely high-grade gold deposition." The discovery of so much valuable material has prompted RNC to boost security, and ABC says "armed guards have been transporting the gold to a secure vault." The company is also video surveilling the workers, according to ABC.  The gold has been transferred to the Perth Mint, according to the company. But RNC president Mark Selby told ABC that some of the largest stones will be auctioned off separately. "There's a pretty select group of collectors who this would appeal to," he said.  As the Financial Times noted, Australia has been the site of other extremely notable gold nuggets. One found in 1869 and known as "Welcome Stranger" is, at some 145 pounds, among the world's largest gold nuggets. According to Museums Victoria, it "had to be broken on an anvil before it could fit on the bank's scales."

Stories: 1) The Fascinating World Of The Dung Beetle 2) Westbound Records: The Sounds Of Detroit


Question: International Space Station

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NPR's Joe Palca reports that NASA is going to ask for millions of dollars to keep the Russians in the International Space Station collaboration. But some members of Congress say they are tired of raising the ante to keep the Russians in. And Russia's commercial rocket-maker, Energiya, suggests that the U.S. should simply drop its dealings with the Russian government and just contract directly with them.

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The provided query could be "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', '\'The Miseducation of Cameron Post\' is a new film about a high school girl who\'s sent to a Christian gay conversion therapy center after she\'s caught kissing another girl. We talk with filmmaker, Desiree Akhavan, and Emily Danforth who wrote the novel that the film\'s based on. Akhavan is bisexual, and her parents are Iranian immigrants. "I didn\'t even hear of one Iranian homosexual my whole life," she tells Terry Gross. "And when I came out, it was like coming out as a leprechaun or a unicorn. It was like a fictitious thing."']" and the positive "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', "'Cameron Post' Creators Take Aim At Gay Conversion Therapy"]"

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Americans with Disabilities Act

NPR's David Molpus has the first of two reports on how last week's Supreme Court decisions on the Americans with Disabilities Act are likely to affect employers and employees. The Court ruled that people who can overcome physical impairments with simple devices or medication are not entitled to protection under federal anti-discrimination law.

EPA Suit. Medicare Drug Coverage. End Music.


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Question: International Space Station

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NPR's Michele Kelemen reports from Kazakstan that a Russian Proton booster rocket lifted off from a launch-pad in Kazakstan today, carrying the first part of the new international space station into orbit.

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Question: International Space Station

NPR's Richard Harris reports that the international space station may be back on track again. Several weeks ago, there were reports that Russia had run out of cash for the effort, setting back the project for nearly a year. Now it appears that Russia is pouring money back into the effort.

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Question: Americans with Disabilities Act

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For instance, <<['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'When I woke up this morning and saw the headline Give  Chickpeas A Chance, I knew the time had come to salute one of my favorite NPR.org oddities: the food-pun headline. Now, some food headlines are simply great in their own rights, and I just enjoy saying them over and over and over again -- Demystifying The Quince! Cilantro: The Controversial Herb! -- but for some reason, there is an abundance of very excellent food puns, beyond "Give Chickpeas A Chance," and I decided it was time to share a roundup of some of my favorites. So give these headline writers a hand. And also a rowdy "BOOOOOOO!" Sparkling Wines To Keep Your Summer Bubbly Unicorn Gag \'Apology\' Roasts Pork Board Uh-Oh: 15 Million Pounds Of SpaghettiOs Recalled Finally, New Yorkers Can Bee All They Can Bee World\'s Largest Banana Museum Forced To Split Climate Change Presents A Burr For Coffee Growers Octopalooza: Eight Arms Three Ways Brewery Business Hopping Despite Tanking Economy Competition Brews Over Decaf Beefer Madness Why the World Is Still Just Mad About Saffron Kernels of Truth About Cornmeal And my personal favorite ... drum roll ... Weed  It And Reap: A Meal With Nature\'s Outcasts']>>  to <<['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Ha Ha, BOOOO!: Fourteen Terrible/Awesome NPR Food Puns']>>

NPR's Rebecca Perl marks the 10th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act by examining the impact the law has had on Pat Broderick, a resident of Washington D.C. Broderick lost the use of her legs in a car accident. She is now a judge in the District of Columbia and says the ADA has helped her do things many Americans take for granted. The ADA prohibits discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities.


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Question: International Space Station

Guests: Marcia Smith Specialist in Aerospace Policy, Congressional Research Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C.  Robert Park Director of the Washington D.C. Office American Physical Society Professor of Physics  University of Maryland College Park, Maryland  John-David Bartoe Research Manager for the International Space Station  NASA's Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas  It's been called the "world's biggest science project," but after 20 billion dollars and more than ten years, the future of NASA's International Space Station is still up in the air. Will bailouts make the station fly? Or are we just throwing good money after bad? In this hour, we'll have a debate on the international space station.


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Question: Americans with Disabilities Act

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NPR's Legal Affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg reports on yesterday's Supreme Court ruling affecting the Americans with Disabilities Act. The court ruled that people who can correct or compensate for their disabilities are not protected from discrimination under the Act. Proponents of the ruling say businesses are now protected from frivolous lawsuits, and can make hiring decisions without fear of being sued. Opponents say the decision guts the intent of the ADA. The Supreme Court also decided that mentally disabled people should be placed in homelike situations--and not institutions--whenever appropriate.

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Question: Americans with Disabilities Act

NPR's Madeleine Brand reports that people with disabilities, their lawyers and activists are puzzled by the Supreme Court's decision to limit the extent of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Last week the High court decided that people with diabetes or myopia that can be corrected with drugs or devices are not covered by ADA.


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Question: Open Cases: Why One-Third Of Murders In America Go Unresolved

If you're murdered in America, there's a 1 in 3 chance that the police won't identify your killer. To use the FBI's terminology, the national "clearance rate" for homicide today is 64.1 percent. Fifty years ago, it was more than 90 percent. And that's worse than it sounds, because "clearance" doesn't equal conviction: It's just the term that police use to describe cases that end with an arrest, or in which a culprit is otherwise identified without the possibility of arrest — if the suspect has died, for example. Criminologists estimate that at least 200,000 murders have gone unsolved since the 1960s, leaving family and friends to wait and wonder. "It's like the boogeyman," says Delicia Turner. Her husband, Anthony Glover, was found murdered — along with a friend — in Boston in 2009. Police never made an arrest. She says the open case preys on her mind. "You don't know if you're walking next to the person, if you've seen the person ... if the person knows you." Turner watches a lot of true-crime TV, hoping to see something that could be applied to her husband's case. She calls her ideas in to the detectives in Boston, who tell her not to be a "TV cop," she says. " 'You can best believe we're putting our best effort forward,' " she says, recalling what they tell her when she phones. But she's convinced they've moved on. "I think that the police just give up." Homicide detectives say the public doesn't realize that clearing murders has become harder in recent decades. Vernon Geberth, a retired, self-described NYPD "murder cop" who wrote the definitive manual on solving homicides, says standards for charging someone are higher now — too high, in his opinion. He thinks prosecutors nowadays demand that police deliver "open-and-shut cases" that will lead to quick plea bargains. He says new tools such as DNA analysis have helped, but that's been offset by worsening relationships between police and the public. "If there is a distrust of the police themselves and the system, all of these scientific advances are not going to help us," he says. Since at least the 1980s, police have complained about a growing "no snitch" culture, especially in minority communities. They say the reluctance of potential witnesses makes it hard to identify suspects. But some experts say that explanation may be too pat. University of Maryland criminologist Charles Wellford points out that police are still very effective at clearing certain kinds of murders. "Take, for example, homicides of police officers in the course of their duty," he says. On paper, they're the kind of homicide that's hardest to solve — "they're frequently done in communities that generally have low clearance rates. ... They're stranger-to-stranger homicides; they [have] high potential of retaliation [for] witnesses." And yet, Wellford says, they're almost always cleared. What that tells Wellford is that clearance rates are a matter of priorities. Wellford says Americans should also understand that while the national rate is in the 60s, the local rates vary widely. But because the FBI doesn't publish local agencies' numbers, these differences are often invisible to the public. NPR had to make a special request for those local clearance rates. You can find them, by city, using our look-up tool, and can learn more about clearance rates — and why local data can be difficult to obtain — here. That relative invisibility of clearance rates may have played a role in their decline over time. The public is much more aware of overall, national crime rates and the continuing good news about the falling homicide rate. But even though most people are unaware of clearance statistics, Wellford thinks certain communities have an anecdotal sense that crimes aren't being solved. "Those [uncleared] homicides tend to occur in poor communities, minority communities," he says. "What is the impact of an unsolved homicide when those unsolved homicides are primarily in the very communities [where] we're trying to build stronger relationships with law enforcement?" In other words, could the legacy of unsolved murders be feeding a vicious cycle, by undermining the public's willingness to cooperate with investigators? Still, it's easy to see why police departments have become more focused on prevention. "The emphases change," says David L. Carter, a criminologist at Michigan State University. The crime waves of the 1970s and '80s pushed police departments toward prevention strategies — broken-window patrols, more officer visibility in high-crime areas, stop-and-frisk — and solving crimes became secondary. "In some instances, the clearance rates are one of those things that kind of snuck up on people." Some police departments are now feeling the pressure to reverse the trend. Detroit is an extreme case. When the city was on the verge of bankruptcy a couple of years ago, the murder clearance rate was flirting with single digits. A new chief was brought in, and homicide investigators were reorganized

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department's Search Of Reporters' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother's Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)


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Question: NRA Was 'Foreign Asset' To Russia Ahead of 2016, New Senate Report Reveals

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Updated at 4:04 p.m. ET The National Rifle Association acted as a "foreign asset" for Russia in the period leading up to the 2016 election, according to a new investigation unveiled Friday by Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore. Drawing on contemporaneous emails and private interviews, an 18-month probe by the Senate Finance Committee's Democratic staff found that the NRA underwrote political access for Russian nationals Maria Butina and Alexander Torshin more than previously known — even though the two had declared their ties to the Kremlin. The report, available here, also describes how closely the gun rights group was involved with organizing a 2015 visit by some of its leaders to Moscow.  Then-NRA vice president Pete Brownell, who would later become NRA president, was enticed to visit Russia with the promise of personal business opportunities — and the NRA covered a portion of the trip's costs. The conclusions of the Senate investigation could have legal implications for the NRA, Wyden says. Tax-exempt organizations are barred from using funds for the personal benefit of its officials or for actions significantly outside their stated missions. The revelations in the Senate report raise questions about whether the NRA could face civil penalties or lose its tax-exempt status. The National Rifle Association called the report "politically motivated," and suggested that the 2015 Moscow trip was not an official NRA trip. "An avalanche of proof confirms that the NRA, as an organization, was never involved in the activities about which the Democrats write," said William A. Brewer III, counsel to the NRA.  Continued Brewer: "This report goes to great lengths to try to involve the NRA in activities of private individuals and create the false impression that the NRA did not act appropriately. Nothing could be further from the truth." Attorneys general in the state of New York and the District of Columbia are conducting separate probes into alleged wrongdoing at the gun rights organization. These probes have a broader scope than the Senate report, which focuses on Russia. Majority response: This is overblown The Republican majority on the Senate Finance Committee, which was consulted periodically throughout the Democrats' investigation, said Friday the report was overblown.  In the Republicans' analysis of Wyden's report, the majority argued that it does not account for U.S.-Russia relations at the time and contains "much conclusory innuendo... and repeatedly attempts to paint a picture that does not exist." The Republicans also argued that if the NRA committed any infractions, they would be small and do not put the NRA's tax-exempt status at risk. "To the extent NRA funds were used improperly in any facts discussed in the [Democratic report led by Wyden], it appears to have been minor, hardly a rounding error for an organization with hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue each year and nothing that cannot be corrected with minor intermediate sanctions," the Republican analysis states. Kremlin links were clear Wyden's 77-page report centers on Butina — a convicted Russian agent now in federal prison — and Torshin, a former Russian government official who has been sanctioned by the United States. The report indicates that top NRA officials were aware of Butina's and Torshin's links with the Kremlin even as they sought to work more closely together under the banner of gun rights. In an email later circulated to two senior NRA staff members, Butina wrote that a purpose of the 2015 Moscow trip was that "many powerful figures in the Kremlin are counting on Torshin to prove his American connections" by showing he could bring prominent NRA officials to Russia. At another point, Butina suggested to participants on the 2015 NRA trip to Russia that she might be able to set up a meeting between them and President Vladimir Putin, referring to him as "Russia's highest leader." NRA facilitated political access  Despite these declarations about their ties to the Russian government, NRA officials paid for and facilitated Torshin and Butina's introduction into American political organizations. Butina and Torshin received access to Republican Party officials at NRA events.  It was a explicit interest expressed by Butina: In one 2015 email to an NRA employee, Butina wrote, "is there a list of U.S. governors or members of Congress that might be present at some time during the [NRA] annual meeting?"  The employee responded with a list. The NRA also helped them forge connections with groups such as the Council for National Policy, the National Prayer Breakfast, the National Sporting Goods Wholesalers Association and Safari Club International. "NRA resources appear to have been used to pay for membership and registration fees to third party events for [Torshin and Butina] as well as to arrange for transit to and lodging for many of those events throughout 2015 and 2016," the report states. Report contradicts NRA denials  The Senate report notes th

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- California Wildfires Spread, Spurred On By Strong Winds. -- U.S. Decision On Jerusalem Sparks Anger And Concern. -- Recount Likely In Close Atlanta Mayoral Race. -- 'French Elvis' Johnny Hallyday Dies At 74.  -- British Intelligence Reportedly Foils Plot To Kill Prime Minister. And here are more early headlines: House Delays Stop Gap Spending Bill Vote. (The Hill) Impeachment Articles To Be Introduced In House. (Washington Post) Trump, Jr. To Speak Privately To House Intel Committee. (NBC) Kirstjen Nielsen Confirmed As Homeland Security Secretary. (Politico) Russian Lawmakers To Bar Certain U.S. Media From Chamber. (Reuters)


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

The unanticipated strong showing of John Edwards in the Wisconsin primary has given new life to the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination.  Okay, so he may have lost the state by 40,000 votes, and he may still be only one-for-17.  But in a race that seemed to be heading in an utterly predictable direction, it was a reminder that maybe -- just maybe -- there's some life to this contest yet. Still, the odds are not exactly stacked in Edwards' favor.  History, as well as the compressed calendar, argues against his dislodging John Kerry.    And while the purpose here is not to write anyone's political obituary just yet, the plain fact is that if Edwards doesn't do especially well on Super Tuesday, March 2 -- when 10 states' delegates are up for grabs -- there will be the inevitable questions of how long will he (or can he) stay in the race. These will not be insignificant questions.  John Edwards has bet the house on this race -- or should I say the Senate (he is giving up his Senate seat in his quest).  But if he falls short of the presidential nomination, then how long he stays in the race could make a difference.  For if he is eyeing the number two slot on a Kerry ticket, as many people think (see my colleague Ron Elving's Feb. 16 column on this topic), he knows that how long he yaps at Kerry's heels could affect his chances. As Edwards weighs his options, and his timing, it might be instructive to look at the decision-making process of some candidates from the past. Of course, it's pretty rare for rivals for the nomination to wind up on the same ticket.  The last time it happened was in 1980, with Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.  Bush had upset Reagan in the Iowa caucuses that year, but was never able to capitalize on it.  Reagan beat him in New Hampshire, and in the South, and was clearly headed for the nomination.  Bush managed some wins -- such as in Connecticut and Pennsylvania -- but the pressure on him to withdraw was intense.  Ironically, Bush ended his candidacy just days after he won his most impressive primary win of the year -- a nearly 2-1 victory over Reagan in Michigan in late May.  But by then the numbers showed Reagan impossible to stop.  So Bush announced that he would no longer compete for delegates and would go to the national convention that summer and urge his delegates to back Reagan.  While Bush did give Reagan some fits during his bid for the nomination -- who could forget the "voodoo economics" charge? -- it never got ugly or personal, and Bush ended his bid with grace and before any real damage was done.  A few months later, Bush was the surprise choice as Reagan's running mate. A different scenario was taking place on the Democratic side that year.  Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts launched a bid to deny President Jimmy Carter his party's nomination.  Kennedy was thought to have a fair shot at accomplishing the feat, but once 51 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran, party voters rallied behind the president.  Like Bush, Kennedy did manage to win a few key contests along the way, like New York and Pennsylvania.  But Carter had an overwhelming lead in delegates.  On the last day of the primary season, Kennedy beat Carter in five of the eight states up for grabs, including California and New Jersey.  But Carter won Ohio, and by doing so clinched for all intents and purposes the nomination.  Kennedy could have withdrawn his candidacy on that day in early June, but did not.  He fought all the way to the convention.  The Democratic Party platform had so many concessions to the Kennedy camp that Carter himself was lukewarm about it.  And though Carter won renomination with little trouble, it was hardly the kind of send-off he hoped for. On stage with the president and Vice President Mondale at Madison Square Garden on that final day, Kennedy was stiff and aloof, showing no warmth for the man who would be leading his party in the general election.  He had his say -- with a memorable "The Dream Shall Never Die" speech -- and bowed out of the race.  But he withdrew much later than the Carter camp would have liked, with none of the graciousness that George Bush showed months prior.  And it was a dispirited Democratic Party that went down to defeat in November. Kennedy, of course, was not angling for a spot on the ticket that year, and his dislike for Carter was so strong that it may not have mattered to him what effect he had on party unity.  John Edwards' battle against John Kerry does not carry -- at least not at this point -- that personal animus.  Another difference between then and now is that in 1980, the battle for the nomination went on through June.  Now, with the front-loading of the primaries and caucuses, 75 percent of the delegates will be chosen by early March.  The quest for unity can be realized well before the convention opens. By the way, the last time a Democratic convention chose a ticket comprised of two who battled eac

Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: Environmental Protection Agency

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CAROL BROWNER Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency  Environmental Protection Agency head Carol Browner has developed a reputation as one of the most active administrators in the agency's history. Under her direction, the E.P.A. has imposed huge fines against polluters, and fought hard for clean air and water standards. But critics have accused her of taking her mission too far, and expanding the agency's efforts beyond jurisdiction. Join Ray Suarez and Carol Browner for a look at the role of the E.P.A. and what's in store for the future.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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E.g. "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'What Is Really Tearing America Apart']" == "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR!', 'What separates Americans the most? Race ... religion ... gender ... According to Shanto Iyengar, a political scientist at Stanford University, often the most divisive aspect of contemporary society is: politics. Divided We Stand "Unlike race, gender and other social divides where group-related attitudes and behaviors are constrained by social norms," writes Shanto — with co-author Sean J. Westwood of Princeton University — in the recently published report Fear and Loathing Across Party Lines: New Evidence on Group Polarization, "there are no corresponding pressures to temper disapproval of political opponents. " Political contentiousness — establishing differences and distinctions between people of opposing parties — is often encouraged. "In fact, political hostility toward the opposition is acceptable, even appropriate," the political scientists discovered. "Partisans therefore feel free to express animus and engage in discriminatory behavior toward opposing partisans." The findings reveal that political partisanship influences decisions and behavior not only inside the voting booth, but outside it as well. Partisanship, the authors contend, "is a political and social divide." Research shows: More and more residential neighborhoods are politically homogenous. Partisan politics has become a key indicator in interpersonal relations.There is a greater tendency by parents these days to raise objections to a son or daughter marrying someone who supports the opposing political party. "Actual marriage across party lines is rare," the report points out. "In a 2009 survey of married couples, only nine percent consisted of Democrat-Republican pairs." Political Profiling Apparently, political affiliation sometimes trumps racial preference. The researchers asked 1,000 participants — some African-American, some white — to read through several resumes of high school seniors who were competing for scholarships. The resumes included certain racial cues, such as "president of the African-American Student Association," and certain political cues, such as "president of the Young Republicans." Race was important, research showed. African-American resume-readers exhibited a preference — 73 percent to 27 percent — for African-American applicants. White readers also displayed a slight preference for African-American candidates. But when it came to political preference, Democratic and Republican readers chose in-party applicants some 80 percent of the time — even if academic credentials were weaker. "We were quite surprised at the outcome of the party versus racial divide comparison," Shanto tells NPR. Conclusion In the university\'s summary, Shanto says, "While Republicans view fellow partisans as patriotic, well-informed and altruistic, Democrats are judged to exhibit precisely the opposite traits." When asked about ways to alleviate the conflict, Shanto tells NPR that his study "does not deal with mechanisms for reducing the divide."  So it\'s up to us. Maybe that\'s why we call it the U.S. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Protojournalist: An experimental storytelling project for the LURVers — Listeners, Users, Readers, Viewers — of NPR. @NPRtpj']" != "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language']"

Question: What Made You Smile Today?

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A potential suitor from an online dating service reminds Joyce Schriebman that it's okay to be happy.

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Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What's The Word? How English Evolved This Decade


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Freedom of Speech in Russia

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NPR's Michele Kelemen reports from Moscow on concerns about freedom of speech in Russia. Following last month's submarine crisis, President Vladimir Putin's advisors have drawn up a 46 page document insisting that Russians and the international community have a right to "truthful" information about state policy. But some newspapers suggest that the document's language is too vague to be of any use. Meanwhile, other legal developments have solidified protection for environmental whistle-blowers.

Healthcare Reform Update. Eminent Domain on K Street. End Music.


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Question: For A Healthier Planet, Eat These 50 Foods, Campaign Urges

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Why would a wildlife conservation organization be involved in a campaign to push people to diversify their diets? As it turns out, the way we humans eat is very much linked to preserving wildlife — and many other issues. This was the topic at a recent conference in Paris, where the World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly the World Wildlife Fund) and Knorr foods teamed up to launch their campaign and report, titled "Future 50 Foods: 50 Foods for Healthier People and a Healthier Planet." The WWF's David Edwards says that there has been a 60 percent decline in wildlife populations since 1970 and that working to protect animals is no longer enough to save them. "We have to address the drivers of habitat loss and species collapse," says Edwards. "And the biggest driver is global farming." According to the report, 75 percent of the food we consume comes from just 12 plant sources and five animal sources. And just three crops — wheat, corn and rice — make up nearly 60 percent of the plant-based calories in most diets. The lack of variety in agriculture is both bad for nature and a threat to food security, the report says. It argues that it's essential we change our eating habits to protect the planet and ensure we are able to feed our growing global population. The report says that repeatedly harvesting the same crop on the same land depletes nutrients in the soil, leading to intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides that, when misused, can hurt wildlife and damage the environment. The report pushes protein-rich, plant-based foods that can be eaten in addition to or instead of meat. Red meat production in particular requires much more water and land than plants and produces significant greenhouse gas emissions, and it's a driver of deforestation. The staggering wildlife loss in the past 50 years includes the precipitous decline in insect populations — often referred to as the insect Armageddon. "Nature can't continue to take this pressure," says Edwards. "The food system has pushed wildlife to the extremes." Maria Haga, the head of Crop Trust, an organization focused on preserving crop diversity, says the new campaign is on target. "We probably have globally like 30,000 plants that we could eat," she says. "We eat roughly 150 of those." And to have just a handful of crops be so dominant is "really a challenge for the whole food system." Haga says dependence on just a few crops is also a threat to food security. The world's population is on track to reach 10 billion by 2050. If we're to feed everyone with a changing climate, says Haga, we'll need diverse crops that can adapt to extreme weather conditions. The planet has lost thousands of varieties of foods in the last hundred years, says Haga. And once they're gone, they're gone forever. Pierre Thiam from Senegal is now a chef in New York. He says people are beginning to wake up to the problem and to the wide variety of alternative foods, many of which he grew up eating. One example is the ancient grain fonio, which resembles couscous. "It's a grain that's great for the planet," says Thiam. "And it's gluten free; it's drought resistant; it grows in two months; it scores low on the glycemic index, so it's great for your health too." Thiam says many of the items on the future-foods list are from Africa, which also has 60 percent of the world's arable land. But he says that in recent decades, multinational food companies have been pushing Africans to import foods from the West, like bouillon cubes. Thiam says that farmers are the backbone of the African economy and that boosting their ability to make a living would lift up the entire continent. The campaign's 50 foods were selected for their high nutritional value, low environmental impact, flavor, accessibility and affordability. Besides grains like fonio, they include various mushrooms, beans and pulses, nuts, tubers, algae and cactuses. Many of the food crops that the report recommends have higher yields than the crops we currently rely on, and several are tolerant of challenging weather and environmental conditions, meaning they could not only reduce the land required for crops but also prove invaluable in the face of growing climate uncertainty. This conference being in France, the report was served up with a four-course lunch featuring some of the 50 products. Back in the kitchen, chef François Roche is busy shaving salsify, a root vegetable, into the form of tagliatelle pasta. It will be served with British cheddar and fino sherry sauce, walnuts and smoked egg yolk. He says the menu is very plant focused. He does not cook with much meat, mostly using it as a seasoning or part of a dish. Bongiwe Tshiqi is a magazine editor from South Africa. She's stunned by the wonderful tastes of all the plants. "This whole idea of diversifying our diets is very interesting from our perspective, because we come from a very staple, starch-and-meat type of environment in South Africa," she says. "Wheat and maize are the biggies f

Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: The Mystery Of Julian Assange's Cat

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Ecuadorian President Lenín Moreno seemed annoyed when he announced an end to the seven-year residency of Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian Embassy in London: "We've ended the asylum of this spoiled brat," he said. But what about the asylum of Assange's cat? The WikiLeaks founder, who was arrested Thursday, has been charged with conspiring to hack into a Pentagon computer network. Presumably, Assange's alleged illegal interactions with former Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning are the main interest of law enforcement. Then there is the matter of paw enforcement. (Sorry.) While holed up, Assange famously acquired a cat. The cat, named Michi, is more well known by its social media moniker, Embassy Cat. More than 30,000 Twitter followers, and 6,000 on Instagram, followed the self-described master of "counter-purrveillance." Embassy Cat tweeted regularly beginning with its arrival in May 2016. Cute photos were the norm, with just a bit of political grandstanding thrown in — always with lots of puns. (Embassy Cat was proud to be a "#whiskerblower.") But by the fall of 2016, its tweets had become much less frequent. In 2017 the cat tweeted only three times. In 2018, twice. It has been silent for more than a year. (The Instagram account has been crickets for more than two years.) The New Yorker reported in 2017 that Assange's interest in the cat was less as an animal lover and more as a master of his own brand. "Julian stared at the cat for about half an hour, trying to figure out how it could be useful, and then came up with this: Yeah, let's say it's from my children," the magazine quoted one of Assange's friends as saying. "For a time, he said it didn't have a name because there was a competition in Ecuador, with schoolchildren, on what to name him. Everything is P.R.—everything." The cat arguably played a small role in Ecuador's decision to end its asylum agreement. Moreno explained that Assange treated his hosts disrespectfully; late last year the embassy implemented a series of rules for Assange, including a requirement to be responsible for the "well-being, food, hygiene and proper care of your pet." If Assange didn't, the embassy threatened to put the cat in a shelter. In other words, it is likely that Assange didn't effectively clean up after his cat's own wiki-leaks. After Assange was picked up Thursday, some people wondered what would become of Embassy Cat. "My sympathy to the cat," author Charlie Stross tweeted. Journalist James Ball said that although he offered to adopt the cat, it was "reportedly given to a shelter by the Ecuadorian embassy ages ago." But according to Hanna Jonasson, whom The Washington Post describes as a member of the Assange legal team, Assange was incensed by the threat to put Embassy Cat in the pound. "He asked his lawyers to take his cat to safety," Jonasson said. "The cat is with Assange's family. They will be reunited in freedom." Wherever the cat is, it's no longer at the embassy. The Italian paper la Republicca wrote in November that the "friendly atmosphere" at the embassy was gone. "Not even the cat is there anymore. With its funny striped tie and ambushes on the ornaments of the Christmas tree at the embassy's entrance, the cat had helped defuse tension inside the building for years. But Assange has preferred to spare the cat an isolation which has become unbearable and allow it a healthier life." The Ecuadorian Embassy in London did not respond to a request for comment. But a spokesperson told Sputnik that the cat hasn't been with the embassy since the fall. "It was taken by Mr. Assange's associates," the spokesperson said. "We are not a pet store, so we do not keep pets here."

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Stories: 1) Keith Richards On 'Life' With The Rolling Stones 2) The Modern-Day Renaissance Man In Queen's Brian May


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Question: White House Press Conference

Editor's note: David Gura live blogged the president's press conference this morning. You can read his post, in its entirety, after the jump. 10:44 a.m. ESTThe press conference ended with a final question about Iran. President Bush said that he wouldn't let Iran acquire nuclear weapons on his watch. "I understand the issues," he said. "I clearly see the problems, and I'm going to use the NIE to continue to rally the international community for the sake of peace." Read More >> 10:41 a.m. ESTPresident Bush rejected what Sen. Harry Reid (D-NV) said about the president's request for more funding, that the Bush administration is "not leveling with the American people." 10:38 a.m. ESTThe president said that he has been disappointed with the name-calling in Washington, and that Congress needs to find a unified message. The standoff between the Congress and the White House continues. According to David Welna, President Bush is eager for legislators to approve additional funding for the war in Iraq, eliminate "wasteful spending" and quickly pass a fix to the Alternative Minimum Tax to avoid big tax increases and delayed refunds. A piece in The Los Angeles Times swiftly explains what the Alternative Minimum Tax is. 10:37 a.m. ESTPresident Bush rejected an opportunity to be "Pundit-in-Chief," to forecast what will happen in Iowa. He said that "it's hard to believe that we're a month away from the Iowa caucuses," and that he misses the campaign trail. 10:34 a.m. ESTA reporter asked about about a phone conversation the president had with Russian President Vladimir Putin. President Bush said that he was "sincere in his concerns about the fairness of the elections there." Russians went to the polls on Sunday, to vote in parliamentary elections. President Vladimir Putin's party, United Russia, won in a landslide. Election observers have criticized the process. According to reporter Gregory Feiffer, "The main question for Russians now, is whether Putin will use the elections as a mandate to hold on to power after his term expires next year." 10:30 a.m. ESTPresident bush said that Congress should pass free-trade agreements with Peru and Colombia, to further stabilize the region. 10:30 a.m. ESTA questioner asked the president about the recent vote in Venezuela, on more than 60 constitutional revisions. Among those that failed was a referendum that would've eliminated presidential term limits. According to Chavez, the vote showed that "Venezuelan democracy is maturing." Bush said that "the Venezuelan people rejected one-man rule." On All Things Considered yesterday, co-host Melissa Block spoke with Margarita Lopez Maya, who teaches political history at Universidad Central de Venezuela, in Caracas. Lopez Maya said that there was widespread surprise in Venezuela, and that "it's difficult to believe that Chavez could be defeated after having such an overwhelming victory a year ago." You can read more about Chavez here, in a piece by npr.org foreign correspondent, Cory Flintoff. 10:28 a.m. ESTPresident called the time before the election of Mahmoud Ahmajinedad "a hopeful period" for diplomacy. 10:25 a.m. ESTTwo questioners have asked about the economy. President Bush said that he is "concerned" that Americans may lose their homes in the sub-prime mortgage crisis. On Saturday, guest host John Ydstie spoke with Mark Zandi, the chief economist of Moody's Economy.com, about the state of the American economy. He said that "the economy is struggling; I've been surprised that the Federal Reserve hasn't been more aggressive in their, at least, discussion about the economy's problems, and I do think they're now starting to catch up." 10:20 a.m. ESTA correspondent for CNN asked about a rape case in Saudi Arabia that has gained national attention. A 20-year old, who brought charges of assault against seven men, faces lashings. In his reply, President Bush said he wondered how he would feel if this was his daughter. He did not indicate that he talked about it with his ally, King Abdullah, of Saudi Arabia. 10:18 a.m. ESTThe president argued that his so-called "carrot and stick approach" to diplomacy with Iran still works. 10:15 a.m. ESTPresident Bush said that diplomacy has been an option for Iran during his presidency, but the election of Mahmoud Ahmajinedad changed that. He noted that "Iran needs to be taken seriously as a threat to peace." William M. Arkin, blogging at washingtonpost.com, notes that Iran, which is "keeping its options open," "clearly sees a less confrontational president and a less dangerous moment in the future." 10:11 a.m. ESTReporters continue to press the president on the National Intelligence Estimate, released yesterday. In response, President Bush said, "Iran was dangerous. Iran is dangerous. And Iran will be dangerous if they have the knowledge necessary to make a nuclear weapon." 10:09 a.m. ESTReferring to the run up to the war in Iraq, a reporter asked if the United States is losing credibility as "the boy who cri

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: If You Think Everyone Else Has More Friends, You're Not Alone

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When you feel like everyone around you is having more fun and spending more time with friends, it can make you feel bad about yourself — even if it's not true. But according to Ashley Whillans, an assistant professor at Harvard Business School who studies how our view of the world affects our view of ourselves, this perception can challenge us to become more social and make more friends. This fear of missing out on parties or events is actually very common. It may be particularly acute among college freshmen because "entering into university is one of the key transition points in your life in establishing your identity in a new social environment," Whillans says. In other words, it's the first taste of navigating social situations as an adult. A study published by Whillans and her colleagues on Thursday found that 48 percent of college freshmen in their second semester at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver believed that their friends had made more friends than they had since school began. Thirty-one percent felt the opposite. "Since social activities, like eating or studying with others, tend to happen in cafes and libraries where they are easily seen, students might overestimate how much their peers are socializing because they don't see them eating and studying alone," says Frances Chen, the study's senior author and an assistant professor in the UBC psychology department. A second, smaller study they published at the same time indicates that feeling left out made the students pretty unhappy. The studies were published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. This was surprising, Whillans says, because many high-achieving people — i.e. the ones most likely going to college — believe they're better equipped than their peers to handle challenges. But when peers appear to be doing better socially, that can contribute to feelings that there's something wrong with us. While this study did not look specifically at the impact of social media, other studies have shown that the way people use Facebook and other virtual tools to project only the good stuff, and the FOMO that generates, makes others feel lonely and isolated. Social media "perpetuates the idea that other people are more social than you," Whillans says. "We often fail to communicate when we fail, and that might be bad for us and also for our social network." In the new study, first-year students in the sample of more than 1,000 students reported having 3.63 close friends on average at UBC, but they believed their friends had 4.15 close friends. The smaller, second study found more than half of the nearly 400 students surveyed felt that others had more friends and were spending more time socializing. But it also suggests that for some people, feeling slightly behind on the friend curve was motivating because the students' perceptions of how they were doing socially compared to peers changed several months later. Past research indicates that if people think making more friends is "something you can change, something you can get better at," Whillans says, they will work toward that goal. For those who believed the friendship gap between them and others was already too great, more time on campus may not make much difference. Greg Walton, a psychologist at Stanford University, studies how to correct the belief that we are alone in our fears of being left out. His work focuses on helping minority students who are underrepresented in STEM fields to overcome their own fears that they don't belong, and has demonstrated that doing so helps them improve academically and healthwise. He says Whillans' study indicates that a broad swath of the population could benefit from things like having older students share stories of how they felt left out socially as freshmen, or encouraging teachers to frame criticism of students' work in a more positive way, he says. "Everybody starts in different places. It's critical [in college] to explore and find new communities and places and new ways to develop. Sometimes that goes faster and sometimes that goes slower." Future research may look at whether these kinds of social perceptions might predict and prevent expensive challenges like workplace turnover. The biggest losses of productivity happen when people leave in the first year, Whillans says. "The social environment has a lot to do with that." These feelings of social disconnectedness and feeling bad about it are not exclusive to college freshmen. "It's a totally normal feeling to feel like you're struggling socially when you move to a new environment or a new job," she says. The important thing may be to understand that you're not alone in these feelings, and that they can change, Whillans says.

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We look at the origins of three new media giants: Before They Ruled The World, They Were Grad Students; The Very Long Road to Very Short Messages; and Turning Nerds with Webcams Into Stars (Who Are Still Nerds With Webcams).


Question: IAAF Creates Rule To Ban Women With Naturally High Testosterone Levels From Competition

Last week, the International Association of Athletics Federations issued a new rule that bans women with naturally high testosterone levels from competing unless they medically reduce their testosterone levels. NPR's Audie Cornish talks about the new rule with bioethicist Katrina Karkazis.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Russia Threatens To Cut Ties With EU If Sanctions Are Imposed Over Jailing Of Navalny

Russia said Friday that it is prepared to cut ties with the European Union if the bloc slaps economic sanctions on the Kremlin in retaliation for the detention of opposition leader Alexei Navalny. Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov was asked in an interview on the Russian YouTube channel Solovyov Live whether Moscow is moving toward severing ties with the EU. "We proceed from the fact that we're ready [for that]. In the event that we again see sanctions imposed in some sectors that create risks for our economy, including in the most sensitive spheres," he said. "We don't want to isolate ourselves from global life, but we have to be ready for that. If you want peace then prepare for war," Lavrov said in the interview which appears on a YouTube channel run by Russia's foreign ministry. The comments come on the same day that Navalny, a prominent critic of Russian President Vladimir Putin, appeared in court to face slander charges that he has denounced as politically motivated. Navalny, who narrowly survived a poisoning in August that is widely seen as an attempted assassination by the Kremlin, was jailed after his return from Germany, where he was receiving treatment after the attack. During his court appearance, Navalny, a lawyer, verbally parried with the judge from behind glass in his defendant's cage, accusing him at one point of not knowing the law. The slander charges against Navalny stem from his alleged defamation of a World War II veteran who appeared in a video backing constitutional reforms aimed at allowing Putin to extend his stay in office past 2024. Last week, the EU's high representative for foreign policy, Josep Borrell, visited Russia, reportedly to plead for Navalny's release and in hopes of easing tense relations with the Kremlin. Instead, he was rebuffed and embarrassed, with Russia expelling three EU diplomats while he was holding talks. After his return, Borrell, addressing the European Parliament earlier this week, said his visit had confirmed his view that Moscow wanted to sever ties with Europe and divide the West. He said the Kremlin sees democracy as an "existential threat." "The Russian government is going down a worrisome authoritarian route," Borrell said on Monday. "There seems to be almost no room for the development of democratic alternatives ... they are merciless in stifling any such attempts." In a recent editorial in the Moscow Times, an English-language daily, political analyst Vladimir Frolov suggested that instead of hurting Putin, the controversy surrounding Navalny actually plays into Russia's hands. "Domestically, it reinforces official propaganda about hostile interference from abroad, incursions on Russia's sovereignty and the activity of foreign agents," Frolov wrote. "On the foreign policy front, it frees the Kremlin from having to stage what the West calls 'malicious actions' with the goal of provoking retaliatory anti-Russian actions that would consolidate Russian society around the flag of the ruling regime."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert Transferred Out Of Prison. -- 'American Nightmare': How A U.S. Police Shooting Is Roiling Australia. -- Wildfires Rage Through British Columbia, Forcing 40,000 From Their Homes. -- England Unveils New 10-Pound Note Featuring Jane Austen. -- Kermit The Frog Actor Fired Over 'Unacceptable Business Conduct'.  And here are more early headlines: U.S. To Impose Sanctions Over Iran's Ballistic Missile Program. (Reuters) Duterte Wants To Extend Martial Law In Southern Philippines. (AP) Trump Warns Venezuela Against Rewriting Its Constitution. (CNBC)


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Question: Sustainable Development

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NPR's Christopher Joyce reports on the professionals who calculate the pricetag of nature: so-called, "ecological economists." Their profile is growing as delegates from around the world travel to South Africa for a summit on sustainable development later this month.

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Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


Question: Newport Folk Festival

Listen to concerts from this year's main stage.

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Provided: "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', "On this week's From the Top, we meet young musicians from Boston to Hawaii. A young composer hears the world premiere of her piece, a young cellist is granted the opportunity to buy his dream cello, a sister duo from Honolulu performs Sarasate, a young harpist collaborates with host/pianist Peter Dugan, and a teenage French horn player brings sensitivity and control to his performance of one of Strauss' gorgeous Nocturnes.  First up on the program, we travel virtually to Honolulu, Hawaii to meet violinist sisters Ylang, 15, and Yxing Guo, 13, with pianist Thomas Yee. They perform Navarra, Op. 33 by Pablo de Sarasate and talk about their large and musical family of 11, their Italian and Chinese heritage, and their beautiful Island life.  Plamen Fung, 15, aFrench horn player from Westborough, MA, hails from an accomplished musical family. Following his sensitive performance of Nocturno, Op. 7 by Franz Strauss, Plamen opens up about his struggles with dyslexia and how he approaches the challenges in reading, writing, and learning music.   Harpist Shaylen Joos, 16, from Somersworth, NH is a recipient of From the Top's Jack Kent Cooke Young Artist Award. She performs Welsh Duets No. 1, Mvmt 1 for Harp and Piano with pianist Peter Dugan. She reveals her love of Victorian literature and her love for music competitions as a way of motivating herself to set goals and work harder.   After the break, cellist Daniel Dorsey, 17, from Cincinnati, OH gives an intimate and vulnerable performance of Song of the Black Swan by Heitor Villa-Lobos with pianist Jacob Miller. As a recipient of From the Top's Jack Kent Cooke Young Artist, Daniel has been granted the funds to purchase his dream cello, a cello he once borrowed for a memorable performance for young children. Composer Carolina Bragg, 18, from Brookline, MA, presents the world premiere of her original composition Bird of Paradise, recorded by commissioning ensemble, Friction Quartet. Inspired by a nature documentary, the piece incorporates bird calls from several species of the Bird of Paradise. Carolina describes the exciting experience of being commissioned to write the piece."]" Match: "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'A Honolulu Sister Duo, a Teenage Harpist & a World Premiere']"

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology