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Question: New Defense Secretary Panetta Sizes Up Afghanistan

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Leon Panetta is making his first trip to Afghanistan as defense secretary this weekend. Guest host Linda Wertheimer gets an update from NPR's Rachel Martin, who is traveling with the secretary.

News Headlines: Jan. 28, 2007 Talk About It:New York Times: Races Entering Complex Phase Over Delegates -- "The presidential campaign is entering a new phase as Democratic and Republican candidates move beyond state-by-state competition and into a potentially protracted scramble for delegates Congressional district by Congressional district. The shifting terrain is influencing the strategies of candidates from both parties." What's your reaction to the results of South Carolina's primary? What do you think Florida holds for the GOP? Election 2008:Washington Post: In S.C., Black Vote Was Vital, But Not Whole Story New York Times: Jackson: Not Upset by Clinton Remarks | Toni Morrison Endorses Obama Fox News: Huckabee on Romney's Fried Chicken Moment Washington Post: Kennedy Endorses Obama In Blow to Clinton AP: Indicted Obama Fundraiser Rezko Arrested Philadelphia Inquirer: In Fla., Age Is an Issue for McCain Nation:Politico: Final Bush SOTU Unlikely to Yield Surprises The AJC: 10,000 African-American Baptists Confer in Atlanta Newsday: Immigrant-Rights Group Reaches Out to Blacks Detroit Free Press: Kilpatrick Chief of Staff Quits Post Over Texts Washington Post: Black Historical Figures Get Their Due World:New York Times: Ethnic Violence in Rift Valley Is Tearing Kenya Apart AFP: EU Launches Chad, CAR Peacekeeping Mission Money & Finance:New York Times: 'Washington Post' Starts Online Magazine for Blacks AFP: Blacks See 'Financial Apartheid' in Subprime Crisis AP: New Home Sales Plunged by Record Amount in 2007 People:Black Voices: Ruby Dee Wins First SAG Award AP: Sears' Lewis to Step Down As CEO


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Question: China Unloads Some U.S. Debt

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In recent months, China has cut back on its stockpile of U.S. government debt. China is now the second-largest holder of U.S. Treasuries, behind Japan.

Good morning, here are our early stories: Iran, Israel, Defense Cuts To Be Key Topics At Hagel Hearing.  Hack Attack On 'New York Times' Looks Like Part Of Chinese Campaign.  And here are more early headlines: Alabama Gunman Still Holds Child Hostage, Negotiations Continue. (WSFA-TV) French Troops Take Northern Malian Airport From Rebels, Urge Peace Talks. (Wall Street Journal) U.N. Panel Declares Israeli Settlement Policy Illegal; Urges A Stop. (AP) Federal Prosecutors Seek 50-Year Sentence For Fraudulent Iowa Financier. (Businessweek) Suspect Behind Te'o Fake Online Girlfriend Confesses Romantic Feelings For Him. (CNN) Australian Prime Minister Calls Election; Opposition Leader To Campaign On 'Trust'. (Guardian) Strong 6.0 Earthquake Shakes Southeastern Alaska, No Injuries Reported. (UPI) China Cuts More Emissions As Choking Smog Thickens. (New York Times) Fire At German Farm Kills 86 Camels. (Spiegel Online)


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Question: California's Prop 19 Fuels Mexico's Debate On Drugs

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"['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'On Tuesday, the National Endowment for the Arts announced its newest class of National Heritage fellows: 10 artists, ensembles and cultural workers who represent the richness and breadth of America\'s traditional arts. They range from one of the pioneers of the Memphis sound of Southern soul to an Ojibwe birchbark canoe builder.  The winners of this year\'s grants include three vocalists. One is William Bell, a Memphis-born, Grammy Award-winning Black singer and songwriter. First signed to Stax as a songwriter and then as a solo artist, his 1977 song "Tryin\' to Love Two" became a top 10 hit on the Billboard 100. He also co-wrote the classic blues, "Born Under a Bad Sign" (with Booker T. Jones), which became an R&B hit for Albert King and then was famously re-recorded by Cream. Born in Argentina, Suni Paz was one of the first singers and songwriters to bring the socially conscious nueva canción style of songs from Latin America to North American listeners, work that she began in the mid-1960s and continues to this day, with a discography of nearly two dozen albums. Onnik Dinkjian is an N.J.-based singer whose family survived the 1915 Armenian genocide. With his singing and mentorship of younger artists, he has helped preserve and celebrate Armenian folk and liturgical traditions as well as create new repertoire. The music of fiddler and banjo player John Morris was featured in Barbara Kopple\'s iconic 1976 documentary Harlan County, USA. Morris is a keeper of the old-time music traditions of his home of Clay County, W. Va. Along with his brother and bandmate, David, he\'s used music as a vehicle for protesting the exploitation of Appalachian people by the mining industry. Radio producer Hugo N. Morales from Fresno, Calif., has spent his professional life fostering Latinx presence in media. In 1975, he co-founded Radio Bilingüe in his home state; it now has 24 stations and more than 75 affiliates. He is also the winner of a MacArthur Foundation "genius" fellowship. Two Native American artists have also been named National Heritage fellows in 2020. Karen Ann Hoffman, who is a citizen of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin, specializes in Iroquois raised beadwork, a style typically sewn on velvet. Her work has become part of the permanent collections of the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, Chicago\'s Field Museum, the Iroquois Indian Museum and the Oneida Nation Museum. Wayne Valliere (also called Mino-Gizhig) is a birchbark canoe builder from the Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe community whose craft takes years to master. He also works as an Ojibwe language and culture teacher in Waaswaaganing (Lac du Flambeau, Wis.), and is also known as a singer and storyteller. His other artistic mediums include beadwork, quilwork, regalia and basketry. This year\'s National Heritage fellow class also includes dancers. Los Matachines de la Santa Cruz de la Ladrillera is a ritual dance troupe from Laredo, Texas, which traces its heritage back to a mining town in central Mexico in the late 19th century. The group has preserved its traditions of presenting dance, music, traditional foods and costumes on Catholic holy days. Zakarya and Naomi Diouf are respectively from Senegal and Liberia and are based in Calif. They have been instrumental in bringing West African dancing and drumming to the U.S., including traditions from the Wolof, Serer, Kpellé, Kru, Vai, Gio, Lorma, Mandingo and Bassa peoples.  Each recipient is being awarded $25,000; due to the pandemic, a celebration of this year\'s fellows will take place online, with the date to be announced.']" == "['Represent this text', 'The NEA Announces Its 2020 National Heritage Fellowship Winners']"

When California voters go to the polls Tuesday to decide whether to legalize recreational marijuana use, the ballot initiative will be closely watched in Mexico. In California, supporters of Proposition 19 say one reason to legalize pot in the state is to help reduce the violent illegal drug trade south of the border, where Mexico's drug war has claimed some 29,000 lives over the past four years. But in Mexico, there is no clear consensus on how the passing of Proposition 19 would affect the Mexican drug trade. Mexico's War On Drugs Every year, Mexico destroys about 50,000 acres of cultivated marijuana and seizes 1,500 tons of packaged pot. Yet truckloads of the product still flow north each year into the United States. According to the U.N., the wholesale price for a kilogram of marijuana in Mexico is roughly $80. That same amount is worth almost $7,000 once smugglers move it across the border. The huge price differential generates billions of dollars each year in profits to some of the most sophisticated, and violent, criminal syndicates in the world. Rene Arce, a Mexican senator who supports legalizing marijuana, says the drug war is not winnable and is destroying Mexico. "The number of victims is very high," Arce says. "Consumption isn't going down. Production isn't going down. Money laundering isn't going down. Violence isn't going down." Almost four years after President Felipe Calderon declared war on the drug cartels, there is not one positive sign that the policy is succeeding, Arce says. He applauds California's initiative, though he believes passing Proposition 19 will not bring down the consumption but will at least bring down the violence. Arce says legalization on both sides of the border would allow the governments to better control the drug trade and treat addicts. 'All Drugs Are Dangerous' The link between the marijuana trade and violence was underscored again on Oct. 25 when 13 people were gunned down at a drug treatment center in Tijuana. Local prosecutors say they believe the massacre was linked to the seizure of 134 tons of pot in the city on Oct. 18. But many people in Tijuana do not believe that simply legalizing marijuana in California will change things. The city's police chief has said that if the initiative passes, Californians will be smoking weed "stained with Mexican blood." Ricardo Sanchez Huesca, who runs a youth advocacy program in Mexico City, says the California initiative sends a message that marijuana is not dangerous. "All drugs are dangerous," he says. "There's no difference between hard or soft drugs. People might be thinking that, 'Oh, now marijuana is legal, now it doesn't cause much damage.' This is a huge error." A Debated Effect California's Proposition 19 has fueled a fierce debate in Mexico over Calderon's drug war. Former Mexican President Vicente Fox has said that both the U.S. and Mexico should consider legalizing drugs as a way to reduce the violence associated with the drug trade. Meanwhile, Calderon remains opposed to legalization. Calderon has blasted what he called an inconsistent U.S. drug policy, which, on the one hand, criminalizes narcotics and, on the other, allows medical marijuana sales. He has blamed Mexico's drug war problem on the huge demand for drugs in the U.S. Raul Benitez Manaut, a researcher at the Center for Research on North America at the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico  City, says even if California legalizes pot, it will have a very limited impact in Mexico. "Many people believe that this will be a big effect in Mexico. I don't believe that. The effect will not be big, not be direct and immediate," he says. Benitez notes that the Catholic Church remains a powerful force in Mexican society, and that on social issues, such as drug use, most of Mexico remains quite conservative. So while the ballot initiative in California is causing debate in Mexico, Benitez says it is unlikely to change Mexican drug policy in the short term. STEVE INSKEEP, Host:  When California votes on Proposition 19, people will be closely watching here, and also across the border in Mexico. The measure would legalize the recreational use of marijuana. Supporters say it would help to reduce the violence south of the border. But in Mexico, there is no clear consensus on how Proposition 19 would affect the drug trade. NPR's Jason Beaubien reports with the last story in our series on the politics of pot. JASON BEAUBIEN: Earlier this year, in the western state of Michoacan, Mexican soldiers hacked their way through six foot tall marijuana plants with machetes. Mexico destroys 50,000 acres of cultivated marijuana every year, and seizes roughly 1,500 tons of packaged pot. Yet truckloads of the product still flow north, each year, into the United States. According to the U.N., the wholesale price of a kilo of marijuana in Mexico is roughly $80. That same kilo is worth almost $7,000 once smugglers move it across the border. This huge price differential

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Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: Watch James Vincent McMorrow Perform 'Rising Water' Live For KCRW

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Singer-songwriter James Vincent McMorrow collaborated with three hip-hop producers — including Drake's not-so-secret weapon, Nineteen85 — to create his latest masterpiece, We Move. Each of McMorrow's albums has been a big leap forward, and this one finds him finally coming out of his shell, as you can hear on "Rising Water." SET LIST  "Rising Water"  Photo: Lori Paulson/KCRW. Watch James Vincent McMorrow's full Morning Becomes Eclectic session at KCRW.com.

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L.A. singer-songwriter Korey Dane worked with famed producer Tony Berg on his recent debut album, Youngblood. Dane caught KCRW's attention with Americana rockers and poetic ballads like this one, "Let it Be Just For Fun." SET LIST  "Let It Be Just For Fun"  Watch Korey Dane's full performance at KCRW.com.


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

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One note about last week's ScuttleButton puzzle that few people may know:  As soon as I posted it, France gave up. Before you give up on this week's puzzle, a reminder on how to play. Every  Friday on this blog, there are buttons  displayed  vertically. Simply  take one word (or concept) per button, add  'em up,  and, hopefully, you  will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression.  (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that   more than one  person on Earth would recognize.) And  don't focus   on a   political  answer. It  doesn't    necessarily have to  be   political,   though it could  be. A  correct    answer chosen at    random gets  his  or her name in  this  column.  Personally,   I can't    imagine a  greater  honor. You can't use the comments box at the   bottom of  the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and    city/state -- you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. Click           here for the answer to last week's puzzle. And, by adding your name to the Political           Junkie mailing list, you will be the first on your block to       receive     notice when a new puzzle goes up on the blog. Sign up   at politicaljunkie@npr.org.           Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new        Junkie    post goes up by clicking here. Good           luck, and happy Friday! P.S. I usually reveal the answer    -- and announce the winner -- in this space on Tuesdays. So you  should   get your answer in by then.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: First Post-Shooting Photos Of Rep. Giffords Released

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A smiling Rep. Gabrielle Giffords can be seen this morning in the first photos released of the Arizona Democrat's face since she was shot in the head on Jan. 8. The congresswoman's staff posted the images on her Facebook page just a short time ago. Until now, the only glimpses of her had been a close-up of her fingers as she held the hand of her husband, astronaut Mark Kelly, and a grainy, long-distance TV clip as she slowly walked up the stairs of an airplane. One of the photos released today, a portrait, is of Giffords alone. In the other, an unidentified woman is in the background. (Update at 2:25 p.m. ET: We've received word from NPR's Ted Robbins that the second woman is Gloria Giffords, the congresswoman's mother.) Giffords' hair is shorter than in the past, but there are no visible scars and little sign of the horrific injury she suffered when a lone gunman attacked an event she was holding at a strip mall in Tucson. Six people were killed and another 13, including Giffords, were injured. As we reported Thursday, Giffords' chief of staff had told The Arizona Republic that "we're getting close to the time when Gabby will feel comfortable  releasing a photo." The aide, Pia Carusone, also said of the lawmaker's recovery that:  "Her  words are back more and more now, but she's still using facial  expressions as a  way to express. Pointing. Gesturing. Add it all  together, and she's able to  express the basics of what she wants or  needs. But, when it comes to a bigger  and more complex thought that  requires words, that's where she's had the  trouble."  Giffords continues to recover at a Houston rehabilitation hospital. She turned 41 last Wednesday. Update at 12:30 p.m. ET. More About The Photos. Giffords' staff has posted a note about the photos on her Facebook page. It reads, in part:  "The photos were taken by P.K. Weis of SouthwestPhotoBank.com. He has worked as a photojournalist in the Southwest for about four decades. He worked at the Tucson Citizen for 36 years, including 30 as photo editor, until the paper closed in 2009. Weis has known Congresswoman Giffords for more than a decade, since before she was first elected to the legislature. "The photos were taken May 17 at TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, the day after the launch of Endeavour and the day before she had her cranioplasty."

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Las Vegas Attack Update: The Ones Who Were Lost. -- FBI Hopes Paddock's Girlfriend Can Provide Insight Into Las Vegas Attack.  -- LISTEN: Amid Chaos In Las Vegas, Police Dispatches Reveal An Evolving Response. -- Nobel Prize In Chemistry Honors Views Of Human Cells Working At The Atomic Level. -- Here Are The Finalists For The 2017 National Book Awards. -- Who Will Benefit Most From GOP Tax Plan? Early Report Suggests The Wealthy.  And here are more early headlines: Scores Of Protesters Arrested In St. Louis. (St. Louis Public Radio) Alleged Russian Bitcoin Launderer To Be Extradited To U.S. (Reuters) Pro Hockey Season Opens Tonight. (AP) Pneumonic Plague Cases Increase In Madagascar. (WHO) 60th Anniversary Of Sputnik's Launch. (Sky And Telescope) Man Tries To Sneak Snakes Into Canada In His Socks. (AP)


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

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Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Robert Gates On Leadership And The 2016 Election

In his new book, former Defense Secretary Robert Gates talks about how leaders can make what he calls transformational change in their organizations, the kind of change that sometimes puts them at odds with entrenched bureaucracy. Surprisingly, he’s a fan of task forces. Gates has served eight U.S. presidents of both political parties and he has led the Pentagon, the Central Intelligence Agency, and Texas A & M University. He is currently president of the Boy Scouts of America. He discusses leadership and his book, “A Passion for Leadership: Lessons on Change and Reform from Fifty Years of Public Service,” with Here & Now’s Jeremy Hobson. He also talks about he thinks is lacking in the 2016 presidential election. Interview Highlights On his proudest accomplishment “I think what I am most proud of is the things that I was able to do between 2006 and 2011 to help protect our men and women in uniform during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan to get them better armor, better medical care, better intelligence and reconnaissance. I think the thing I am proudest of is the measures that I took based on everything that I’ve been told and heard. Saved a lot of lives and limbs and I can’t think of anything that makes me prouder than that.” On his appreciation of task forces to get things done “Well they are silo-busters. Most organizations are like pyramids, pretty good communication up and down but very poor communication laterally between different elements of an organization, between different colleges or schools in a university, between different services in the military. Task forces provide a way to get people out of their ordinary bureaucratic routine and get them in an environment where they are sharing ideas with people from different parts of an organization and people often in those kinds of settings can come up with great ideas and new approaches. They key is to be careful how you structure a task force and to always put a deadline on when you are going to dismantle it.” On his role pushing for changes on gay rights at the Pentagon and at the Boy Scouts of America “There was a third – I did the same thing in 1992 at the CIA. I think that they all presented their own challenges and the key is again letting people feel like they have a voice. We did a survey of 400,000 men and women in uniform and 150,000 military spouses and the amazing thing is we discovered through those surveys that about two-thirds of those in uniform thought that changing the rules on Don’t Ask Don’t Tell would not have any negative impact on the military and in fact might improve things.” On there being critics of the leadership he’s shown on gay rights “Well that probably is true but I think actually that they are in the minority, particularly in this day and age. One of my favorite sayings is to avoid criticisms say nothing, do nothing, be nothing. At a certain point you just have to exercise leadership and move the organization forward.”  On President Obama’s leadership “Well I think that the biggest problem that the president has had is when it comes to devising strategies and the implementation and execution of those strategies. He is very good at articulating a goal, at articulating a need that the country has but when it comes to actual execution there have been a lot of shortcomings. The best example is the difficulties in the rollout of the Obamacare website. Frankly, my own view is part of the problem is his unwillingness to truly delegate authority to his cabinet officials and centralizing implementation in the White House where they don’t have the capability to do that.” On Hillary Clinton’s leadership “I worked with Secretary Clinton only on foreign policy and national security issues and I really had no insight into her management of the state department. I found her a good colleague, I found her tough minded. We worked well together.” On the current crop of presidential candidates “I’m hearing a lot of promises, I’m hearing a lot of grandiose ideas and proposals and so on. But I’m not hearing much about how do you fix the dysfunctional bureaucracies that are so frustrating to most Americans. One of the issues that people like Sanders and Trump and others have tapped into is frustration and disgust on the part of a lot of Americans with our political leaders and with the bureaucracies they have to deal with every day. I’m not hearing any of the candidates talk about how they are going to make life better for Americans by making government and other organizations work better.” On whether he would consider serving in another administration “Well I’m getting pretty old at this point. I think it’s time to pass the baton.” Book Excerpt: ‘A Passion for Leadership’ By Robert M. Gates I have observed many presidents, cabinet officers, generals, admirals and CEOs over many years. Some in their act

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Stories: 1) Jane Mayer: The Risks Of A Remote-Controlled War 2) The Ethical, Psychological Effects Of Robotic Warfare 3) Nellie McKay's 'Blueberry Pie,' A Tribute to Doris Day


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Question: All Songs Considered for Thursday, 17 Aug 2006

2006 Live Concert Highlights: Mogwai, Neko Case, Sleater-Kinney, more.

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Pakistani Journalist Hamid Mir

Forum talks to Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir, the only one to have interviewed Osama bin Laden after the events of September 11, 2001.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Filmically Perfect: "DOUBLE INDEMNITY" (1944)

Phyllis (Stanwyck): There's a speed limit in this state, Mr. Neff. 45 miles an hour.  Walter (MacMurray): How fast was I going, officer?  Phyllis: I'd say around 90.  Walter: Suppose you get down off your motorcycle and give me a ticket.

Film critic DAVID THOMSON and filmmaker and director JAMES TOBACK. They interview each other for a revival of round table discussion at "Spoken Word at the Algonquin" in New York city's famous Algonquin Hotel, and discuss the state of moviemaking and movie criticism today. THOMSON's latest book is "Beneath Mulholland: Thoughts on Hollywood and its Ghosts" (Knopf). TOBACK directed the movies "Fingers," "Exposed," and "The Pick up Artist." (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:


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Question: The California Report

EPA Suit. Medicare Drug Coverage. End Music.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed


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Question: San Franciscans Nix Waterfront Development Plans

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Voters in San Francisco have rejected a referendum that would have allowed a major new condominium development on the city's waterfront.

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State to Impose New Emissions Rules for Small Engines. Solar Initiative Launches January 1. End Music.


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

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"['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', "A new study in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggests that more than half of those suffering from depression now seek treatment, reflecting a 40 percent increase over levels reported in the 1980s. But about 60 percent of those being treated fail to receive proper care. Hear NPR's Vicky Que."]" == "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'Report: Treatment for Depression Often Inadequate']"

Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


Question:
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Sonny Rollins in Conversation

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Sonny Rollins, the saxophone colossus, 50 years later, and still blowing us away: not only with his music but with the amazing way he has modeled a humble life of self-improvement and learning.

Unplugged Play, Chamber Music Cincinnati Season Preview, Follies at Cincinnati Music Theatre, John Ruthven Interview, Altar Boyz


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Question: Coastal Areas Clean Up After Storm

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Communities all along the Northwest coast are in clean-up mode after a pair of devastating wind and rain storms struck this week. The majority of flood warnings have been lifted in Northwest Oregon and Western Washington, but there are still some trouble spots.  Governors of both states plan to request Federal help to fix the widespread damage. Correspondent Chris Lehman has this report:

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: 1A Across America: A Conversation With Sen. Doug Jones, The Senate’s Most Vulnerable Democrat

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Sen. Doug Jones is a Democrat from Alabama. He’s facing a tough reelection campaign against former Auburn football coach Tommy Tuberville. He spoke on the first night of the Democratic National Convention, and mostly praised presumptive presidential nominee Joe Biden, called for unity in the party and kept his criticisms of the president vague, according to The New York Times. Here’s his speech.  Following his virtual appearance, Sen. Doug Jones answers your questions about the campaign ahead.
 1A Across America is funded through a grant from The Corporation for Public Broadcasting. CPB is a private, nonprofit corporation created by Congress in 1967 that is the steward of the federal government’s investment in public broadcasting.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Pet Owners Pay for Lavish Funerals

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Americans are spending record amounts of money on their pets including the latest trend: a full-service funeral. The first pet-only funeral home opened three years ago. But traditional funeral homes are branching out to offer services for dogs, cats, horses and more. Rene Gutel reports from member station KJZZ. RENEE MONTAGNE, host:  Americans spend more than $11 billion a year on funerals, and the industry is growing. Funeral directors are creating some of that growth by expanding their client base.  Rene Gutel reports from member station KJZZ in Phoenix.  RENE GUTEL: The funerals at Fairwinds Memorial Center in Scottsdale, Arizona are usually small and quiet. The chaplain is a slender, soft-spoken woman named Donna Ray Yuridic(ph). On a recent weeknight, Yuridic is officiating a service in one of the centers viewing rooms. A few feet away there's a marble urn resting on a table.  Ms. DONNA RAY YURIDIC (Chaplain): We gather here together to honor the beloved memory of Venus. She was a much-loved member of the Crittenden(ph) family and she will be missed greatly.  GUTEL: Venus's long-time friend and caretaker, Kelly Crittenden, gives the eulogy.  Ms. KELLY CRITTENDEN: She was a piece of work. She was like Ethyl Merman, you know? She was lavish. She was loud and she was bossy. And she's a good girl. So I'll miss her a lot.  GUTEL: If you haven't guessed by now, Venus wasn't human, but a dog - a black Labrador retriever.  Fairwinds is a funeral home exclusively for animals, and Donna Ray Yuridic is a pet chaplain. It's all part of a new trend of full-blown pet funerals.  Bob Fells is with the International Cemetery Cremation and Funeral Association, a trade group for directors of human funerals. He says funeral directors are responding to a need that wasn't met by the industry in the past.  Mr. BOB FELLS (International Cemetery Cremation and Funeral Association): Some funeral homes didn't know what to do. They would say, well, why don't you come after hours. We're not holding any services and you can come through the back door, you know. But after a while that didn't work and people said, no, we need to show proper respect for - these people, their grief is genuine and so we've got to treat them in a genuine manner.  GUTEL: Fells says more human funeral homes are extending services to pets and that the country's first pet-only funeral home opened three years ago. Today there are at least a dozen and one entrepreneur in Carmel, Indiana is planning to franchise.  In Scottsdale, Fairwinds has been open only 11 months, and manager Elizabeth Vaughan says they've been amazed at the range of animals they've performed services for.  Ms. ELIZABETH VAUGHAN (Fairwinds Pet Memorial Center): We've had a monkey. We've had an African gray parrot just recently. And we've had a mule. It was one of our first customers, people coming in looking for an urn for their mule. And this was a pack animal that worked at the Grand Canyon, was well-loved. It surprised us. So we've learned to be ready for just about everything.  GUTEL: Fairwinds offers pretty much any service a traditional funeral home would. They'll retrieve the body and do what they call a final grooming. The entire package, called the safe journey, costs $550.  Venus's owner, Kelly Crittenden, says when she told her friends she was having a funeral for her dog, some of them laughed.  Ms. CRITTENDEN: But I consider her my child and, you know, if a human had a two-legged child that died, you'd want to honor their life. And so I think it's the right thing to do.  GUTEL: This is a hot topic right now among funeral directors. Trade publications have devoted cover stories to the new pet funeral industry and it's debated in workshops at conventions.  Bob Fells, with the funeral directors trade group, says they are still trying to figure out how to make it all work.  Mr. FELLS: One never, in honoring the loss of the pet, one never wants to trivialize the funeral of a human being. An example would be, you don't want to go into a funeral to go to a visitation of the late Mr. Smith and you go into the wrong room and there's a funeral for a dog, you know. You say, oops, you know. That doesn't happen and I don't think it ever will happen, but we never want to blur that distinction.  GUTEL: Fells says a lot of people have been caught by surprise because the funeral business is an industry that doesn't see change very often.  For NPR News, I'm Rene Gutel in Phoenix.

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State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Question: Composer Aaron Jay Kernis

Composer Aaron Jay Kernis is one of the youngest composers to win the Pulitzer Prize. This Saturday, his latest composition will be performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra as part of the grand opening of the Kimmel Center, Philadelphia's new concert hall. The piece was commissioned specifically for the event. The Walt Disney Company has commissioned a piece by Kernis. His many awards include a Guggenheim Fellowship, an NEA grant, a New York Foundation for the Arts award, and two Grammy nominations. Kernis was born in Philadelphia and is 41 years old.

Contestants guess the piece of classic children's literature based on imagined hoity-toity reviews. Heard On Ira Sachs, Jennifer Ehle, Garance Doré: New York Or Paris?


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Question: Late American artist Roy Lichtenstein

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The late American artist Roy Lichtenstein. He was one of the inventors of pop art in the 1960s, finding inspiration for his paintings in comic books and advertisments. Lichtenstein's work often replicates the heavy black outlines, bright colors and dots of a color comic strip found in a newspaper. Called by one critic the "supreme virtuoso of pop," his work is filled with constant references to high and low arts as well as to his own work. Lichtenstein died September 29, 1997. There's a new book about his work, Roy Lichtenstein: A Catalogue Raisonne 1948-1997. This interview fist aired November 8, 1993.

NPR s Jeffrey Freymann-Weyr remembers the American composer, Lou Harrison.


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Question: Surviving Micromanagers

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More than three-quarters of Americans say they are micromanaged in the workplace. Management consultant Harry Chambers, author of My Way or the Highway: The Micromanagement Survival Guide explains the classic characteristics of micromanagers and how best to deal with them.

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For instance, <<['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'When British musician, film composer and audio engineer Atticus Ross found his band 12 Rounds signed to Trent Reznor\'s now-defunct Nothing Records, it proved to be a windfall for both artists. While the 12 Rounds album Reznor helped produce was left unfinished, Ross soon found himself working within Nine Inch Nails as the group experienced an early-21st-century renaissance, starting with 2005\'s With Teeth and stretching to the present. Around that time, director David Fincher found himself cutting an early version of his 2010 film The Social Network to NIN\'s disquieting ambient album Ghosts I-IV, then convinced Reznor and Ross to record his film\'s music. Awards and accolades have followed. Gone Girl marks the third soundtrack collaboration between Reznor and Ross with Fincher, a synthesis of cinema and sound that\'s starting to prove as fruitful as those of Alfred Hitchcock and Bernard Herrmann, Sergio Leone and Ennio Morricone, or Akira Kurosawa and Toru Takemitsu. While The Social Network\'s Oscar-winning score teems and throbs like overstimulated thought and The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo (which won a Grammy) pulses with icy drones befitting its heroine, Gone Girl again fits its story\'s mood to perfection. Only this time, the plot focuses on married couple Nick and Amy Elliott-Dunne and their seemingly placid life in the suburbs of Missouri. As Fincher recently told The Wall Street Journal, he found himself getting his back adjusted at a spa and had a revelation: "I was listening to that calming, placating music and thought, \'We need to tap into this.\' The movie is about the facade of the good neighbor, the good Christian, the good wife." So the Reznor/Ross score skates across that placid surface with its gorgeous opening theme. For the early part of the soundtrack, gentle, New Age-esque themes like "Sugar Storm" seem to drift past unperturbed. But no matter how relaxing these motifs might sound, there\'s always a shadow just beneath the bright surface. What can start off sounding like a picnic in the park quickly reveals a black sky. With the carefully crafted tones of Reznor and Ross, sparse and quiet themes soon deteriorate, turning barren and desolate in "Background Noise." Ambient beauties like "Appearances" materialize along the way, while the piano-led "Just Like You" might be Reznor\'s most beautiful and fragile melody to date. But when the piano becomes submerged in electronic noise — as in "Secrets," "Still Gone" and the thunderous "Consummation" — the duo\'s motives become more evident. Reznor and Ross relish being at their most beauteous, knowing that it\'ll make the brutal moments of Gone Girl all the more harrowing.']>>  to <<['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "First Listen: Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross, 'Gone Girl (Motion Picture Soundtrack)'"]>>

Stories: 1) Overloaded Sewers Lead To 'Toxic Waters' 2) A Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Revisited


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

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Three historical quotes the speaker came to regret.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


Question: represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr E.g. given '['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', "Women's Media Center"]' it should be close to '['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Women's Media Center -- Forum discusses the formation of a new women's media center and radio network. (pre-recorded)"]' but not to '['Represent this', "Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...A Beautiful Picture of Health, Airport Probes, Ladies Night and Day"]'.

Question: Filmmaker JOHN WATERS

Filmmaker JOHN WATERS. We replay one of his earlier conversations with Terry, shortly after he made the cult film "Polyester," starring Divine and Edith Massey. "Polyester" was Waters' first studio film, and the first of his movies that didn't carry a self imposed X-rating. Prior to this July 1985 Fresh Air interview, Waters also wrote, produced and directed other sleaze classics such as "Multiple Maniacs," "Pink Flamingoes," "Mondo Trasho," "Female Trouble" and "Desperate Living." Waters made all his trashy films on location in his hometown of Baltimore

MIRANDA VICKERS interview continues.MIRANDA VICKERS interview continues.


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Question: Everyone Has Anxiety Dreams. Olympic Athletes Have Olympic-Size Ones

Here are a few of the big questions hovering over the Pyeongchang Olympics, about to get underway in South Korea:  Which Russian athletes will be allowed to compete?   How will the North Korean team fare?   Can the United States top its highest number of Winter Olympics medals — the 37 it won eight years ago in Vancouver?  But way up on my own list of burning questions is this: What do these athletes dream about? In particular, what are their anxiety dreams — the ones that make them wake up in a cold sweat in the middle of the night? We all have anxiety dreams — often they're about exams we're unprepared for or being onstage and not knowing our lines. These dreams can help us work through problems. "Anxiety is the most common emotion reported during dreams," neuroscientist Robert Strickgold told NPR in 2016. I figured that Winter Olympics athletes — competing in sports that can defy gravity and threaten catastrophe at high speeds on snow and ice — were bound to have some doozies. So I asked a random sampling of U.S. athletes. Anxious, much? Oh, yes. "We all have those dreams where your whole body just turns to molasses. You can't run; you can't do anything," bobsled pilot Nick Cunningham told me. At other times, he said, he has dreamed that "guys won't show up with their speed suits. Or my helmet — I won't have it." The worst one? "You'll get to the top of the track and your [bobsled] runners will be on backwards. Yeah," he said, chuckling, "that one scares you when you wake up! That would just kind of ruin your day!" Forgetting key pieces of equipment emerged as a common theme. In biathlon, a sport that combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting, Susan Dunklee says she and her teammates share this anxiety dream: "That we show up to the starting line and we're not wearing our rifle. Which is, you know, a moment of extreme stress!" In fact, for Dunklee, that nightmare is grounded in reality: She did once head off to start a race, minus her rifle. "My coach saw me and said, 'Susan, you forgetting something?' " she recalled. In some of Alpine ski racer Tommy Biesemeyer's dreams, anxiety merges with the prospect of physical pain. "I have had some dreams I've woken up in the sweats from," he said, "going off of a jump, and then just drifting in the air and not knowing when you were gonna hit, but you knew you're gonna hit hard. That's a fear of mine, for sure. That can haunt me when I'm sleeping." The flip side of that dream comes from aerial skier Ashley Caldwell, whose sport involves somersaults and twists some 60 feet in the air. Her dream, though, is less anxiety, more fantasy. "I go off the jump and I start flipping and twisting and I just never come down," she told me. "And I just keep flipping and twisting. That's a fun one. You just keep going. I did, like, 17 million backflips in my dream." Caldwell paused to think about that tantalizing vision. Then, she said, "I just wish sometimes that happened to me on the hill and I wouldn't land on my back or my face!"  Listen to this story in NPR's Up First Olympics preview podcast.

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Question: Tales From The Trail: Who's Undecided And Why?

Host Guy Raz speaks with NPR's Don Gonyea, who has just spent two weeks on the campaign trail. Along the way, he met some undecided voters. In swing states, undecided voters are being bombarded by advertising, and Gonyea explains what is keeping them from making up their minds.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Border Clash; Uber-stepping Boundaries; Do They Know It's Condescension Time At All.


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Excerpt: Enlightenment Now

Part I   Enlightenment  The common sense of the eighteenth century, its grasp of the obvious facts of human suffering, and of the obvious demands of human nature, acted on the world like a bath of moral cleansing. —Alfred North Whitehead  In the course of several decades giving public lectures on language, mind, and human nature, I have been asked some mighty strange questions. Which is the best language? Are clams and oysters conscious? When will I be able to upload my mind to the Internet? Is obesity a form of violence?   But the most arresting question I have ever fielded followed a talk in which I explained the common place among scientists that mental life consists of patterns of activity in the tissues of the brain. A student in the audience raised her hand and asked me:   “Why should I live?”  The student’s ingenuous tone made it clear that she was neither suicidal nor sarcastic but genuinely curious about how to find meaning and purpose if traditional religious beliefs about an immortal soul are undermined by our best science. My policy is that there is no such thing as a stupid question, and to the surprise of the student, the audience, and most of all myself, I mustered a reasonably creditable answer. What I recall saying—embellished, to be sure, by the distortions of memory and l’esprit de l’escalier, the wit of the staircase—went something like this:  In the very act of asking that question, you are seeking reasons for your convictions, and so you are committed to reason as the means to discover and justify what is important to you. And there are so many reasons to live!  As a sentient being, you have the potential to flourish. You can refine your faculty of reason itself by learning and debating. You can seek explanations of the natural world through science, and insight into the human condition through the arts and humanities. You can make the most of your capacity for pleasure and satisfaction, which allowed your ancestors to thrive and thereby allowed you to exist. You can appreciate the beauty and richness of the natural and cultural world. As the heir to billions of years of life perpetuating itself, you can perpetuate life in turn. You have been endowed with a sense of sympathy—the ability to like, love, respect, help, and show kindness—and you can enjoy the gift of mutual benevolence with friends, family, and colleagues.  And because reason tells you that none of this is particular to you, you have the responsibility to provide to others what you expect for yourself. You can foster the welfare of other sentient beings by enhancing life, health, knowledge, freedom, abundance, safety, beauty, and peace. History shows that when we sympathize with others and apply our ingenuity to improving the human condition, we can make progress in doing so, and you can help to continue that progress.  Explaining the meaning of life is not in the usual job description of a professor of cognitive science, and I would not have had the gall to take up her question if the answer depended on my arcane technical knowledge or my dubious personal wisdom. But I knew I was channeling a body of beliefs and values that had taken shape more than two centuries before me and that are now more relevant than ever: the ideals of the Enlightenment.  The Enlightenment principle that we can apply reason and sympathy to enhance human flourishing may seem obvious, trite, old-fashioned. I wrote this book because I have come to realize that it is not. More than ever, the ideals of reason, science, humanism, and progress need a wholehearted defense. We take its gifts for granted: newborns who will live more than eight decades, markets overflowing with food, clean water that appears with a flick of a finger and waste that disappears with another, pills that erase a painful infection, sons who are not sent off to war, daughters who can walk the streets in safety, critics of the powerful who are not jailed or shot, the world’s knowledge and culture available in a shirt pocket. But these are human accomplishments, not cosmic birthrights. In the memories of many readers of this book—and in the experience of those in less fortunate parts of the world—war, scarcity, disease, ignorance, and lethal menace are a natural part of existence. We know that countries can slide back into these primitive conditions, and so we ignore the achievements of the Enlightenment at our peril.  In the years since I took the young woman’s question, I have often been reminded of the need to restate the ideals of the Enlightenment (also called humanism, the open society, and cosmopolitan or classical liberalism). It’s not just that questions like hers regularly appear in my inbox. (“Dear Professor Pinker, What advice do you have for someone who has taken ideas in your books and science to heart, and sees himself as a collection of atoms? A machine

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Question: Taking a Second Look at Comedian Mitch Hedberg

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Our cultural concierge, Jesse Kornbluth, recommends checking out the late standup comedian Mitch Hedberg if you need some laughs to brighten the dark winter days. Hedberg died at age 37 in 2005.

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Question: Excerpt: 'Ayn Rand and the World She Made'

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Before The Revolution, 1905-1917 If a life can have a theme song, and I believe every worthwhile one has, mine is a religion, an obsession, or a mania or all of these expressed in one word: individualism. I was born with that obsession and have never seen and do not know now a cause more worthy, more misunderstood, more seemingly hopeless and more tragically needed. Call it fate or irony, but I was born, of all countries on earth, in the one least suitable for a fanatic of individualism, Russia. — Autobiographical Sketch, 1936  When the fierce and extraordinary Ayn Rand was  fifty-two years old, about to become world famous, and more than thirty years removed from her birthplace in Russia, she summed up the meaning of her elaborate, invented, cerebral world this way: "My philosophy, in essence, is the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute." It was a world in which no dictator, no deity, and no  well-meaning sense of duty would ever take away the moral right of the gifted individual — Ayn Rand — to live according to her own high-wattage lights.  This was not the world she was born into. Ayn Rand was born Alissa Zinovievna Rosenbaum, a Russian Jew, on February 2, 1905, in St. Petersburg, then the capital city of the most  anti-Semitic and politically divided nation on the European continent. Later, she would say that she loathed everything Russian, and while this was not entirely true — she retained her appetite for Russian classical music and Russian sweets until the end of her life — she hated the passivity, brutality, and primitive religiosity of the Russia of her youth.  She had good reason for this. Her birth came barely three weeks after the brief but bloody uprising known as the 1905 Revolution, where, on a bright January Sunday morning, twelve thousand of Czar Nicholas II's cavalrymen opened fire on thirty thousand factory workers, their wives and children, labor organizers, and students who had walked to the Winter Palace to petition for better working conditions and a role in the czar's all-powerful government. The protest was led by a Russian Orthodox priest named Father Gapon, and many marchers were said to be praying as they died. The slaughter gave rise to days of rioting throughout the city and set the stage for the Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917, which would end not in the quick and brutal suppression of the rebellion's leaders, as this one did, but in a revolutionary coup that would shake the world and mold Ayn Rand's worldview.  Rand's parents, who in January 1905 were  thirty-four and  twenty-five and had been married for just nine months, could hear the gunfire from the windows of their new apartment above a pharmacy on Zabalkanskii Prospekt — the street on which, later that evening, the popular writer Maxim Gorky would hold a meeting of the city's liberal intellectuals and announce, "The Russian Revolution has begun." Rand's father, born Zelman Wolf Zakharovich Rosenbaum but known outside the family by the non-Jewish variant of his name, Zinovy, was a pharmaceutical chemist and the manager of the shop downstairs. Her mother, a homely but  self-consciously stylish woman named Khana Berkovna Kaplan, known as Anna, had been trained as a dentist but had stopped practicing after her marriage and pregnancy.  By the time Ayn Rand was born, Zabalkanskii Prospekt and the streets around it were calm again. It was an illusory calm: all over Russia and the vast Russian territories to the south and east, massive labor strikes, anti-czarist peasant insurrections, and  anti-Jewish violence were erupting. This would continue, in waves, until 1914, when World War I briefly united the nation against the Germans, and would grow yet more explosive from 1915 to 1919, when the country was war torn and starving. Meanwhile, Marxist political organizations, their leaders in and out of exile in Siberia and Europe, gained a following.  In these years, it was dangerous to be a Jew. As the economy deteriorated and the czar grew more repressive, the brunt of popular anger often fell upon Russia's five million Jews. At Czar Nicholas II's court, as elsewhere in Europe, Jews had long been identified with the supposedly pagan notions of a money economy, urbanization, industrialization, and capitalism. Given traditional Russian fear of modernity and fierce anti-Semitism, Jews were ready- made scapegoats onto whom the czar, the landowners, and the police could easily shift workers' and peasants' resentment for their poverty and powerlessness.  For Jews outside the capital city, this period brought the worst anti-Semitic violence since the Middle Ages. In the fall of 1905 alone, when Rand was not quite a year old, there were 690 anti-Jewish pogroms and three thousand Jewish murders. In one pogrom in Odessa, in the Crimea, where Rand and her family would relocate in 1918, eight hundre

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Question: The Nation:The Next Frontier Of Drug Policy Reform

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Examples:
Provided: "['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', "I'm ready to make my first call of the evening: The 2006 election was won by YouTube.   Just as blogs transformed the political discussion in 2004, the video-sharing service has changed the rules of the game.  But not necessarily for the better.   YouTube magnified every blunder and misstep by politicians, from the macaca brouhaha to the botched comedy stylings of John Kerry. What?  Your own local races not dirty enough for you?  YouTube allows you to wallow in the worst ads of the year, filled with race-baiting, sexual deviancy, and Rush Limbaugh mocking a beloved TV and movie icon who has Parkinson's.      Good times.  But not exactly confidence-inspiring. Blogs, it seems to me, at least make candidates more accountable and force them to respond to specific issues.  This video site brings out the voyeur in us all, playing gotcha from the comfort of home.   The only lesson a politician gets from YouTube is don't screw up in public, or more importantly, when you see a video camera, RUN!"]" Match: "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'The Revolution Will Not Be Televised']"

Ethan Nadelmann is the founder and executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance. For those of us who fought long and hard to reform the notorious 100-to-one crack/powder cocaine disparity in federal law, the Fair Sentencing Act, signed by President Obama on August 3, is at once a historic victory and a major disappointment. It's both too little, too late and a big step forward. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, which punished the sale of five grams of crack cocaine the same as 500 grams of powder cocaine, reflected the bipartisan drug war hysteria of the day and was approved with virtually no consideration of scientific evidence or the fiscal and human consequences. The argument for reform has always been twofold: sending someone to federal prison for five years for selling the equivalent of a few sugar packets of cocaine is unreasonably harsh, and it disproportionately affects minorities (almost 80 percent of those sentenced are African-Americans, even though most users and sellers of crack are not black). The new law increases the amount of crack cocaine that can result in a five-year sentence to 28 grams (i.e., an ounce), thereby reducing the crack/powder ratio to 18-to-1. It also eliminates the five-year mandatory minimum sentence for simple possession (without intent to distribute) of crack cocaine, thereby marking the first time since 1970 that Congress has repealed a mandatory minimum sentence. What is the broader significance of the new law? First, it's one more indication that Obama is making good on his commitment to roll back the drug war. Few reformers, including myself, would have bet that Obama would deliver -- in fair measure, and within eighteen months -- on all three of the pledges he made while running for president. He said he'd reverse the government's antagonism to state medical marijuana laws -- and he did, with the Justice Department announcing last fall that it would essentially defer to local authorities in determining whether medical marijuana facilities were operating legally. He also said he'd support ending the ban on federal funding for needle exchange programs to reduce HIV/AIDS -- and he did. And he said he'd push to repeal the crack/powder disparity -- which he did. That commitment appeared on the White House website within 24 hours of his inauguration. Attorney General Eric Holder described it as a personal priority and a legacy issue for him. White House and Justice Department officials joined with Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) members and other top legislators to try to eliminate the disparity -- and then to achieve the best possible compromise. To be sure, the Obama administration has been disappointing on other aspects of drug policy. Law enforcement and futile interdiction programs make up the large majority of drug war expenditures, as they have since the Reagan era. Politics continues to trump science, notably in blocking heroin maintenance, supervised injection facilities and other harm-reduction innovations that have proved highly successful abroad. And Obama's drug czar, Gil Kerlikowske, refuses to acknowledge any merit to the arguments for reforming marijuana policy. There's plenty of work left, but at least Obama made good on his specific commitments. The victory also showed that traditional civil rights leaders are finally beginning to prioritize criminal justice reform. Black support for the late-'80s drug war helped legitimize the policies that led to the incarceration of millions of young African-Americans. The dawning realization of what they had wrought led the Rev. Jesse Jackson, Representative Charlie Rangel and then–SCLC president Joseph Lowery to start calling for reform of the crack/powder disparity in the early 1990s -- but it never became a priority for them, the NAACP, the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights or the CBC. The key advocates for the past two decades have been organizations committed to broader drug and sentencing reform -- the ACLU, the Open Society Policy Center, the Sentencing Project, Families Against Mandatory Minimums and my organization, the Drug Policy Alliance. Some would argue that sentencing reform is still a low priority for most civil rights organizations, but at least African-American leaders are beginning to own the issue. CBC members on the House Judiciary Committee -- including Bobby Scott, Sheila Jackson Lee, Maxine Waters, Mel Watt and chair John Conyers -- have pushed hard to repeal not just the crack/powder disparity but also mandatory minimum sentencing more generally. NAACP president Ben Jealous has described criminal justice reform as his top priority. And the Leadership Conference has at last stepped up to the plate. Change is clearly afoot. Black legislators are often at the forefront of sentencing and other drug policy reform efforts in state capitals. Michelle Alexander's powerful new book, The New Jim Crow, in which she calls out civil rights organizations for failing to grasp that the drug w

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Question: Obama: No Video Justifies Attack On Embassy

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Addressing the U.N. General Assembly in New York City on Tuesday, President Obama told world leaders that there is no place for violence and intolerance. He has been struggling to contain widespread anger in the Muslim world sparked in part by an anti-Islam video. Is he making headway?

Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: A Rogue Libyan General Tries To Impose Order With An Iron Fist

No one is safe in Libya these days. Judges, activists, human rights defenders and former officers in Moammar's Gadhafi's army are being silenced with bullets and knives. There are no formal security forces, weapons remain unsecured and the economy is foundering because rebels seized oil ports in the east. For all these reasons, a rogue general with a checkered past has found support in large swaths of the country as he vows to fight what he calls terrorist groups. His name is Khalifa Hifter, a renegade general from Gadhafi's old army who led a failed war in Chad in the 1980s before fleeing to the United States, where he settled in Virginia. He isn't particularly loved, but he's finding support among factions of the patchwork militias that make up Libya's security forces, as well as powerful political players, as he vows to fight extremism from his base in eastern Libya. "We'll show no mercy to anyone who falls into our hands," Hifter told a room of reporters after surviving an assassination attempt earlier this month. "We are defending the world against terrorism." His words tap into fears over the rise of militant Islam following the Arab revolts that swept through the region bringing hope of change. But those uprisings have led to a terrifying period of destabilization, power vacuums and battles over ideology from Syria, to Iraq, to Libya and beyond. Military force, Hifter says, is the only way forward in Libya. And he's holding true to his word with airstrikes by an air force in eastern Libya that's pledged loyalty to him. There have also been gunbattles in Benghazi, the birthplace of Libya's revolution and a center for Islamist militias. Many citizens welcome his tough approach. Hifter isn't seen as a hero. Rather, he's won support because no one has been held accountable for near daily assassinations. One of the latest casualties was an outspoken human rights activist and lawyer named Salwa Bugaighis, who was stabbed and shot in her home this week by unidentified assailants in a killing that sent shock waves through Benghazi. Before her death, she said in interview that she didn't trust Hifter, who once served Gadhafi. But she said he is capitalizing on real fears that many ordinary Libyans have of Islamist militias, Gadhafi loyalists and criminal gangs operating in the security vacuum. The most extreme of those militias in eastern Libya is Ansar al-Sharia, which has vowed to bring in foreign fighters if Hifter doesn't stop his battle. The country's grand mufti, Sheikh Sadiq Ghariani, says those fighting against Hifter are martyrs sacrificing their lives for God. The battle is morphing into the biggest crisis in Libya since Gadhafi's ouster in 2011. Hifter's critics say that he threatens to rip the country apart by painting all Islamists as terrorists and unilaterally going to war. "I can assure you, we will never accept military rule (coming) back to Libya," Mohammed Busidra, an Islamist legislator from the outgoing parliament, said as he sipped coffee in the courtyard of the Radisson hotel in Tripoli. Here, opposing politicians, militiamen and wealthy businessmen mix in the lush surroundings. "I can tell you even if (Hifter) has the whole world behind him, he will never rule us," Busidra added. Busidra says Hifter is trying to be a new Gadhafi. And he says Hifter is building his popularity by demonizing all Islamists. "We have a saying here in Libya, 'Hold the dog's tail until you pass the depths,'" he said. "This is exactly what (Libyans) are doing with Hifter, not thinking, they're holding his tail to pass." This, he says, is dangerous and will derail Libya's foundering democracy. A new parliamentary election was held this week to replace the current, unpopular parliament in an effort to stem the crisis. Busidra warned the U.S. not to support Hifter, as some suspect it might. "If they support Hifter or anybody else taking over Libya, to take over power here in Libya, against the will of the people," he said, "believe me, there will be no system in Libya and no Libya." But Hifter's supporters say he is filling a vacuum that has allowed militias divided by region, tribe and ideology to control their areas. No one in the government has been willing or able to stop the violence. Tawfiq, a young civil society activist from Benghazi, was in Tripoli recently, where he was staying for his safety. He described a phone call from a member of Ansar al-Sharia, the radial group accused of playing a role in the death of U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens in 2012. "Take my advice and just try to stay in Tripoli and leave Benghazi for a while until they just forget about your activism," he recalls the man saying. A curly-haired 18-year-old, Tawfiq asked to be identified by his first name only for his security. He openly accused Ansar al-Sharia and other militias of being behind assassinations in Benghazi. "Now Benghazi is starting the, as we see it, the real war against the militias. The real war against the terrorism i

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Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: Music Industry Men Join Cry To Change The Recording Academy

Another group of high-profile players in the music business are calling on the Recording Academy (also known as NARAS, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences) and its president and CEO, Neil Portnow, to make fundamental changes to address gender disparity within its ranks and at the Grammy Awards. The letter follows one issued earlier this week from some of the industry's most powerful female executives. This time, it's a group of male executives.  The letter, which was published in full by Variety on Thursday afternoon, stops short of asking Portnow to step down from his role as the president and CEO of the Recording Academy, which he has led since 2002.  However, the authors of the letter do call for significant restructuring:   "Structural flaws in the makeup of The Recording Academy itself have led to systemic issues in the selection of nominees and winners for the [Grammy] awards," it reads in part. "Now is the time for NARAS to lead and be transparent and dedicated to transforming its member base to truly mirror the rich gender and cultural diversity of our community. NARAS should reveal the diversity (and/or the lack thereof) of its voting members and make necessary changes to the population of the Academy to better reflect the diverse music business voices the organization is meant to serve."  The letter was spearheaded by Tom Windish of the Paradigm Talent Agency (whose roster includes such acts as Lorde, Skrillex and Sturgill Simpson), and was signed by 38 male executives, including high-profile industry presences such as Scooter Braun, who manages Justin Bieber, Kanye West, Ariana Grande and David Guetta. The other co-signers are primarily artist agents, attorneys and managers.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: At 77, Robert Redford Goes Back To His Roots

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Redford says filming All Is Lost was a "pure cinematic experience — the way films used to be." He talks with Fresh Air's Terry Gross about how it's been "sort of weird" being known for his good looks, and about how he nearly wasn't cast in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.

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Stories: 1) William Hurt: In Every Role, A New Life To Inhabit 2) From Israel, A Humane And Honest Look At Life


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Question: 'Atlanta Journal-Constitution' Political Columnist On Retiring After 41 Years

NPR's Mary Louise Kelly talks with Jim Galloway about his impending retirement after 41 years as the senior political columnist for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.

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News Headlines: Sept. 26, 2007 AP: Lawmakers Seek Jena 6 Teen's Release -- "'Our first responsibility is to get young Mychal Bell out of prison,' said Rep. John Conyers, the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who said he will pressure the Justice Department to take a hard look at 'the miscarriages of justice that have occurred in Jena, Louisiana.'" Jesse Jackson says Pres. Bush should intervene in this case. Should he? More Headlines:The AJC: Cosby, Morehouse Chief: Parenting Is the Answer Chicago Tribune: Family Steps Up Search for Missing Chicago Woman The AJC: Tyler Perry Property Dispute Creates Drama Radio Free Europe: At UN, Bush And Ahmadinejad Talk Poverty, Tyranny | Bush's UN Speech Full of Phonetic Pronunciations AP: Giuliani $9.11 Party Draws Criticism From Dodd CBS News: Subtle Racism Might Make Your Brain Hurt AP: Group Points Out O'Reilly Race Comments Reuters: Smithsonian Opens Virtual African American Museum The New York Times (Editorial): Detroit at the Brink NBC News: Verdict In: Bonds Ball Headed for Cooperstown [An update to our interview with Marc Ecko.]


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: LeBron James Helps Young Entrepreneurs In 'Cleveland Hustles'

Small business entrepreneurs typically get money from family or friends. But an approach taken from the pages of Silicon Valley is being used in Cleveland. A new reality television show called Cleveland Hustles is the idea of basketball superstar LeBron James. The show documents this process as four companies try to create jobs and a business model that can be replicated across the country.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Jobless Rate Ticks Up, But Job Growth Is Better Than Expected -- U.S. Knew Of 'Imminent' Move In Crimea, Top Official Says -- Russian Lawmakers Welcome Separatist Steps By Crimea -- Book News: @GSElevator Author Loses Book Deal Other stories making headlines: -- "Seven Short Videos That Help Make Some Sense of the Conflict in Ukraine." (KQED's The Lowdown blog) -- "Sen. Rand Paul To Address Annual CPAC Meeting." (Morning Edition) -- Dr. Frank Jobe Dies; Was Pioneer Of Baseball's "Tommy John Surgery."  (ESPN.com) -- Rep. Issa Apologizes, "Skirts Censure" For Shutting Off Rep. Cummings' Microphone. (UTSanDiego.com) -- At Oscar Pistorius Trial, Ex-Girlfriend Testifies He Had A Gun With Him "All The Time." (The Guardian) -- NBA's Los Angeles Lakers "Suffer Worst Defeat In Club History, 48 Points, To Clippers." (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Liberia Becomes Epicenter Of West Africa Ebola Crisis

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To give you a sense - "['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', "Facebook announced Tuesday it is jumping into the online coupon field already occupied by Groupon, LivingSocial and many others. Facebook will only offer social deals – things you wouldn't normally do alone like river rafting."]" should be close to "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Facebook Joins Crowded Online Coupon Field']"

Liberia is now the nation reporting the highest number of new cases in the region. It was also a traveler from Liberia who last month carried the Ebola virus to Nigeria and sparked the outbreak there.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Airstrikes Move To Syria, Target More Than Just ISIS. -- New ISIS Video Released Of British Hostage. And here are more early headlines: Israel Shoots Down Syrian Warplane. (Businessweek) Obama To Speak To Delegates At World Climate Summit. (CNN) Wind May Fan Huge Wildfire Burning East Of Sacramento. (AP) World Health Organization Fears 20,000 Ebola Deaths By November. (NBC) China Imposes Life Term On Uighur Scholar For Dissent. (Financial Times) Norway To Aid Liberia In Anti-Deforestation Effort. (BBC) Search Intensifies For Suspect In Pennsylvania Trooper Slaying. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Mexican Mine Spill Threatens Arizona River. (Sierra Vista Herald)


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Question: Charlottesville Suspect To Remain In Jail After First Court Appearance

Updated at 2:10 p.m. ET A judge declined to set bond for an Ohio man during his first court appearance after allegedly ramming a vehicle into a crowd of people demonstrating against a white supremacist rally Saturday in Charlottesville, Va. Charlottesville resident Heather Heyer was killed, and at least 19 other people were in injured in the attack. The Charlottesville Police Department said Saturday that James Alex Fields Jr., 20, of Maumee, Ohio, was charged with one count of second-degree murder, three counts of malicious wounding and one count of hit-and run. During today's Charlottesville court hearing, as NPR's Debbie Elliott reports, Fields "appeared by video from jail, dressed in a gray and white-striped prison jumpsuit." He answered the judge's questions with a simple "Yes, sir" and "No, sir," according to The Associated Press. Fields told Judge Robert Downer that he could not afford a lawyer. "Downer assigned a court-appointed attorney to represent Fields, and set another hearing for Aug. 25," Debbie adds. "Until then, the judge said, Fields would remain in jail with no bond in part because he has no ties to the area." The AP adds that the judge told the court that the "public defenders' office informed him it could not represent Fields because a relative of someone in the office was injured in Saturday's protest." Fields was taken into custody on Saturday after the incident. Details are emerging about Fields' background and his interest in Nazi Germany. One of the suspect's high school teachers in Ohio told member station WVXU that Fields "was intelligent and didn't cause trouble," but was "also deeply into Adolf Hitler and white supremacy." Derek Weimer, who had Fields in three classes at Randall K. Cooper High School in Union, Ky., told WVXU, "He went to a good school. Lived in a good neighborhood. There were plenty of people around to try to guide him in the right direction. My first feeling is we failed. I failed." Fields' mother, Samantha Bloom, told The Toledo Blade that she was aware her son was going to what he called an "alt-right" rally. "I told him to be careful," Bloom said, according to the newspaper. "[And] if they're going to rally to make sure he's doing it peacefully."

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Bad Grammy Songwriting

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Grammy-nominees Cathy and Marcy sing a song to try to show just how BAD songwriting can be. The 43rd Annual Grammy Ceremony is tonight in Los Angeles. (4:02) Check out the list of Grammy nominees.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Crank Caller; Tremendous History Month; The Hairball Group


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Question: Yoel Levi (Yoh-El Lev-Vee)

Yoel Levi (yoh-EL LEV-vee) conducts the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra in a concert performance of the lovely Pavane by Gabriel Faure. Recorded earlier this year at the Woodruff Arts Center in Atlanta, GA. (Horton Systems/ACA Digital/WABE, Atlanta)

From a newly reissued C-D of a recording first made in 1963, the Utah Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Maurice Abravanel, (ab-RAHV-uhn-uhl) performs "In the Village" by Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov (MEEK-aisle ipp-awl-ITOFV - ee-VAUGHAN-ofv). (Vanguard Classics SVC-8)


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Question: Volkswagen Promises To Compensate Diesel Car Owners For Lost Resale Value

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Volkswagen's top two executives faced reporters Thursday and explained what they had learned about the emissions scandal that looms over the company. They said the investigation revealed that no member of VW's two boards were involved, and that misconduct was limited to a small number of employees.

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: Pearl Jam: Still a Touring Force

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Pearl Jam was one of the biggest-selling rock bands of the last decade, and one of the few bands to survive the Seattle grunge scene. Pearl Jam's success comes from its powerful, melodic rock and its intense, charismatic lead singer, Eddie Vedder. On Morning Edition, NPR's Elizabeth Blair profiles the band, now on a major U.S. tour. Musicians Jeff Ament and Stone Gossard had initial troubles getting the band off the ground. Their first group, Green River, didn't click. Their second band, Mother Love Bone, dissolved when lead singer Andy Wood died of a heroin overdose. So in 1990, they started over. They wrote and recorded music for a handful of new songs and sent a cassette copy to a guy they had heard about in San Diego, named Eddie Vedder. "Vedder was a busy guy, working as a night watchman at a petroleum plant, singing in local bands, and surfing," Blair reports. Vedder says Gossard and Ament's music had a groove he liked. "It had a lot of pushes and pulls, and what excites me most about music, my favorite music has momentum.  So it had momentum in this different kind of way, smoky vibe to it." Vedder wrote lyrics to three of the instrumentals, recorded his voice in his apartment and sent the cassette back to Seattle. After hearing the tape, bassist Jeff Ament remembers thinking, "'OK, I would go see that band.' And so that was the first time I was in a band that I would actually go see." Vedder moved to Seattle.  The band became Pearl Jam and its first album, Ten — with inescapable hits including "Jeremy", "Alive" and "Even Flow" — sold nearly nine million copies. The music, says David Fricke of Rolling Stone magazine, was fueled by anger that a lot of young people felt at the time. "Vedder's songs are individual stories about heavy topics — teen suicide, parental neglect, an over-zealous media, and gun control," Blair says. "Many of his songs are about what it means to have a life and what it means to be stuck, in a job, in a place, or in a relationship." Over the years, Pearl Jam has built an audience by touring constantly, sometimes performing five nights a week. But the band has struggled with the business of rock 'n' roll. In 1994, at the height of its success, Pearl Jam shocked the music industry by taking on Ticketmaster, the ticket distribution giant, in an effort to make its concerts more affordable to young fans. The band cancelled its summer tour, and members of the band testified before Congress, saying that Ticketmaster had a virtual monopoly. But a year later the Justice Department ended its investigation, saying "...there were new enterprises coming into the arena." Discouraged, the band took some time off to regroup but eventually resumed touring, including shows at Ticketmaster-operated venues. Members of its fan club are guaranteed tickets to Pearl Jam concerts and they don't have to go through Ticketmaster to buy them. "For years Pearl Jam has stayed away from the rock-star hype, and it hasn't hurt them," Blair reports. "By the end of this summer, nearly a million people will have seen them on tour."

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Stories: 1) Paul Simon, Essential Then and Now 2) Documentary Digs 'The Real Dirt on Farmer John' 3) Eeew, Sick: Health Care, a Rat Chef and 'Die Hard'


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Question: At Beirut's First Pride Week, A Chance To Celebrate — And Take Stock Of Challenges

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E.g.:
['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', 'The Washington Post\'s Shailagh Murray and Chris "The Fix" Cillizza take a look at the Obama operation\'s switch from airtight campaign to transition leakfest:  "There is nothing they can do about it -- vetting and FBI background checks require a lot of calls, and that leads to leaks," explained Steve Elmendorf, a longtime aide to former House minority leader Richard A. Gephardt (D-Mo.) and now a lobbyist in Washington.   And unlike in a campaign, there is now simply more information to disseminate and more outlets chasing the ever-elusive scoop. "It\'s the era of the Internet; what do you expect?" joked a former Clinton White House senior adviser who is not involved in the transition process.  Luckily for the Obama camp, most of the names floated thusfar have been seemingly well-received -- with the exception most notably of campaign finance chair (and Hyatt hotel heiress) Penny Pritzker, who took herself out of the running for Commerce Secretary yesterday when it became clear that her business entanglements would create problems in the confirmation process. UPDATE: Another wave-making potential appointment...John Brennan as CIA director. Not a popular choice among the netroots left given his ties to the George Tenet legacy.'] == ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Leaks Spring Eternal']

In Lebanon, the LGBT community has made important strides in recent years. A series of court rulings have poked holes in a law that essentially criminalizes homosexuality. This has encouraged activists to push for greater rights. Lebanon is a relative safe haven in the region, with well-established gay bars and clubs tolerated by the authorities. A number of organizations advocate specifically for LGBT rights. Last week was the first-ever Beirut Pride celebration, and the first time activists raised the rainbow flag in honor of the International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia, May 17. But this is a region where gays have faced deadly persecution at the hands of extremist Islamist groups. Activists say they still have a long way to go to feel safe to be themselves, much less achieve equality under the law. Joseph Aoun is one of the Lebanese activists pushing for change. He heads the community center of the LBGT advocacy group Helem, which, along with another group called Legal Agenda, provides legal services to those persecuted under existing laws. Helem also serves as a community center. I meet Aoun at Madame Om, a bar in an old Beirut mansion overlooking the city port. A Warhol-esque painting of the bar's Egyptian diva namesake, Om Kalthoum, watches over as organizers prepared for the evening's Beirut Pride event about protecting oneself under the existing laws. "People are sick of being treated like s***," Aoun says, sipping a gin and basil cocktail. He is annoyed that a separate LGBT event was canceled after an Islamist group protested and a hotel venue backed out. And he is even more exasperated that local media took the cancellation as a sign the gay community is facing setbacks. A coalition of Muslim clergy has been "fighting Helem since 2005," he says. But Helem has persevered. "It's about having the guts to confront," Aoun says. He believes the LGBT community should always have a Plan B and work around obstacles. "We can't frustrate the community," he says. I first met Aoun years ago, when he ran Bardo, a gay-friendly bar and dance venue. As the manager, he had to remain on good terms with the authorities in order to keep the place running. Today, he seems liberated from that role and has thrown himself into his activism. He is in fighting mode and fiercely proud of Helem's 2017 campaign marking the International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia. The group's Arabic video campaign, with the slogan "Homophobia is Terrorism," aired on a major national TV network and garnered more than 120,000 views on Facebook. Men and women stare directly into the camera, as a narrator speaks: "I'm someone like you. I don't pose a threat to society. But this society allows the fact that I am beaten, humiliated, imprisoned, raped or even killed. Don't be part of it. Acceptance is what builds societies. Hate is what creates terrorism."  Aoun says the video campaign struck a chord and received far more positive feedback than negative. "We had a firm slogan: 'Homophobia is terrorism.' It's not a disease; it's not a phobia. It's a terrorism act — it's a hateful act." He notes that while life can be hard for gays in Lebanon, the challenges are even greater for trans women, who can't blend into society as easily as gay men, or refugees from Syria and Iraq, who face added discrimination. At Helem's headquarters, there is a washing machine and a shower, to help give those on the fringes a measure of dignity. The Lebanese law regarding homosexuality is a vague one, criminalizing "unnatural" sexual acts. In recent years, Lebanese judges have made increasingly progressive interpretations of the law. Aoun says his group's work with Legal Agenda helps ensure all those who face criminal charges over their sexuality are provided representation. Their goal is for the progressive interpretations of the law to continue. Earlier this year, Justice Rabih Maalouf, in Lebanon's Metn district, ruled that intimate relations between homosexuals are a "natural right" and thus cannot be criminalized. Legal Agenda, whose lawyers provided the defense, says the judge stated that depriving homosexuals of those rights would amount to discrimination, and was therefore contrary to the law. "He said the role of the judge is not to convict people based on the opinion of the majority," Aoun adds, but "to protect natural, basic rights of human beings." Aoun smiles. "Cheers to that," he says. The last afternoon sun streams through the arched windows of the Madame Om bar, now filled with attendees. The first speaker, Naji Raji, whose causes also include heritage preservation, rises to offer his experience as a member of the gay community. He recounts a 2007 encounter with the police. A friend had been caught with gay-themed pornography on his laptop. He had brought up Raji's name during an interrogation, claiming he'd helped with the filming. "My mom came to the [police] station and she was hysterical," Raji says. "They told her, 'Your son part

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- More Than Twice As Many Women Are Running For Congress In 2018 Compared To 2016. -- Trump Endorses Romney For U.S. Senate, But Does It Signal Détente? -- Maduro Calls Out President Trump On Twitter, Requesting 'Dialogue'. -- MLB Sets New Rules To Speed Up The Game.  -- Canadians Burn Up The Ice, Shib Sibs Win Bronze In 'Incredible' Ice Dance Final. And here are more early headlines: Record Heat, Flooding And Snow In Store For U.S. (USA Today) Intense Syrian Bombing Kills Scores Of Civilians. (Guardian) Florida Students Going To State Capitol To Lobby for Gun Control. (Tallahassee.com) Thai Court Awards Custody Of 13 Children To Man Who Turned To Surrogacy. (Telegraph) Venezuela Launching Crypto Currency, "The Petro". (Bloomberg)


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Question: New National Mall Stop: King Memorial

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The memorial to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. opens to the public Monday. The scaffolding came off the 30-foot granite statue last week.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology