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Question: Helping Children Identify As Readers — Starting With A Haircut

This piece originally ran in March 2018.  Our series Take A Number is exploring problems around the world — and the people who are trying to solve them — through the lens of a single number.  The solution first: 15. More precisely, 15 books. That's Alvin Irby's answer to a problem he knows all too well as a former kindergarten teacher: How to get children of color excited about reading if they don't have much experience with books or reading outside of school, and the books they see inside of school don't speak to them. One day in March, Irby emerges from the subway in Harlem grateful for the grey hooded sweatshirt under his heavy winter parka. The snow falls in crystals the size of cornflakes. He wears glasses with translucent frames, a touch of cool for a man whose backpack is full of kids' books. When he enters Levels Barbershop, on Lexington Avenue, the place thrums with electric razors, conversation and a movie on the flatscreen. One whole wall is a varied patchwork of exposed brick and mirrors. Overlooking the proceedings is a painting of the patron-saint of movie barbers: Eddie Murphy's foul-mouthed coiffeur from "Coming To America." It's mid-afternoon when Irby walks in, a man on a mission. He needs a trim from his go-to barber, Kenny, but he also wants to check in on his 15 books. "So the bookshelf is back underneath the coat shelf," he says, shedding his layers and pointing to a little book case made of wood and red canvas along the back wall. Emblazoned on the canvas is the name, "Barbershop Books." The small shelves brim with children's books with titles like Not Norman and Chicka Chicka Boom Boom. But there are only 12. A few titles have disappeared, as they do, so Irby's here to replace them. Before he gets to the shelf, though, he freezes alongside the black vinyl bench that splits the shop in half and cracks a triumphal smile. "This is evidence that it's being used!" he says, pointing to two books for beginning readers that have been left on the bench. He picks one up. "We have Ninjago, which is one of the books that often gets permanently borrowed. It's about little LEGO characters who are ninjas." Irby lovingly carries the books back to the book case and adds another favorite from his backpack: Diary of a Wimpy Kid. And then this man on a mission drops his mission statement: "Now, this is the thing: Would these be used for instructional purposes in the classroom?" It's a rhetorical question. The answer, too often, is No. "But they should be!" Irby yells. Slavery, civil rights, slavery, civil rights ... Alvin Irby wears many hats. He is a stand-up comedian, a children's book author, a former kindergarten teacher, the founder of Barbershop Books and, above all, a dynamo. He speaks loudly, even when answering questions in a quiet office that's been emptied by the snow. His nonprofit has put a curated list of 15 books — all picked by kids — in dozens of barbershops, in predominantly black neighborhoods, across the country. And that's not counting the many barbers who have heard his story and done something similar on their own. Irby, who just turned 33, says he's hoping to help children of color identify as readers. That means, first and foremost, that reading should be fun. It also means kids need to see their lives and interests reflected in the stories they read. But, Irby says, the publishing industry has a long way to go. When he went to a big book convention recently, few of the kids' titles on display had diverse characters. And those that did felt both foreign and not remotely fun. "Slavery, civil rights, slavery, civil rights," Irby says, rattling through the books' subjects. "Biography, slavery, civil rights, old dead black person." While he was there, Irby also asked the librarians he met if they could name two laugh-out-loud picture books with a black protagonist? "Crickets!" Irby's not simply complaining about a problem. He's written his own solution — a children's book, called Gross Greg, which he self-published because traditional publishers showed little interest. "It's about a little black boy who loves to eat his boogers," Irby says. "You call them boogers. Greg calls them delicious little sugars." The boogers here aren't a frivolous distraction. They're the point. Books about slavery and civil rights have their place, Irby believes, but little black boys and girls deserve books that allow them to be children. And to laugh like children. Telling bar jokes in church Too many children of color, Irby says, are coming into kindergarten without much exposure to books or reading. While they may lack reading skills, their books — and their schools — often lack what Irby calls cultural competency. By that he means the ability to translate what they want kids to know or do into reading experiences that children find relevant and engaging. In a recent TED Talk, Irby explained, using a metaphor from stand-up comedy. "Before going onstage, I assess an audience. Are they white? Are they L

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: More Corporations Shed Light On Political Spending

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For the first time, 100 of America's biggest corporations are being rated on the transparency of their political activities. On Friday, the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and the nonpartisan Center for Political Accountability will release an index that ranks the S&P 100 companies. The rankings come as politicians employ new loopholes — and the Supreme Court's Citizens United decision — to solicit secret, million-dollar contributions from corporate donors. Much of that money is thought to go to groups that don't have to disclose their donors — trade associations like the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and 501(c)(4) organizations like the pro-Republican Crossroads GPS and newer pro-Democratic groups trying to get off the ground. This doesn't jibe with what the Supreme Court thought would happen. Justice Anthony Kennedy, who delivered the ruling on Citizens United, talked about the importance of disclosure: "The resulting transparency enables the electorate to make informed decisions, and give proper weight to different speakers and different messages." But in the wake of the Supreme Court ruling, Congress failed to pass a disclosure law — so corporate shareholders and the public were left in the dark. As it turns out, corporations weren't necessarily happy about the secrecy either. The new index shows that most S&P 100 companies now have formal policies to handle fundraising solicitations and to disclose what they spend. "Companies are under tremendous pressure today on political spending. Disclosure and board oversight really are a way for companies to manage that risk," says Bruce Freed, the head of the Center for Political Accountability. Freed says that in the S&P 100, "57 companies disclose and have board oversight of their direct political spending; 43 of the companies disclose trade association payments either in full or partially." The new index gives top scores to four companies — Colgate Palmolive, the utility company Exelon, IBM and Merck. Tied for last place are 14 companies, which all get a zero. Among them are Amazon, Wal-Mart, Disney and Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway. Dan Bross, a senior director of corporate citizenship at Microsoft — No. 19 on the index — says many companies learned a lesson from Target in 2010. The chain store hurt its progressive, multicultural image by supporting a state candidate who opposed marriage equality. "I believe that if companies have developed a set of principles and then policies to support those principles, problems or situations like Target found themselves in could be easily avoided," he says. Bross has helped to write political money guidelines for corporations in a project by the Conference Board, an organization best known for its economic data. Last week, the Conference Board held a symposium in New York — a chance for corporate executives to talk about what their companies have done. Charles Grezlak, head of government affairs for the drugmaker Merck, said, "we need trust among consumers, we need trust among physicians who prescribe our products." Bruce Wilson, a senior vice president with Exelon, said that allowing people "to look behind the curtain to see what's going on, whether they're a consumer or an investor, we think is generally a good thing." Now, this still isn't nirvana for disclosure advocates: Corporations make their own decisions about what they will or won't disclose, and they post new data only once or twice a year. But conservative critics of disclosure don't like it either. At the symposium, campaign finance lawyer Stefan Passantino invoked the old saying that sunlight is the best disinfectant. And he added this: "Sometimes sunlight is a disinfectant, and sometimes sunlight causes cancer." The conservative argument against disclosure rests on a Supreme Court case from the 1950s, in which Alabama officials wanted to shut down the NAACP by exposing its members and organizers. Passantino admitted it's not a great analogy, suggesting that corporations that supply politicians with seven-figure checks are like civil rights workers who were beaten or killed in the old Jim Crow South. MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:  For the first time, 100 of America's biggest corporations are being rated on the transparency of their political activities. Tomorrow, the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and the nonpartisan Center for Political Accountability will release an index that ranks the S and P 100 companies. As NPR's Peter Overby reports, the index comes as politicians take advantage of new loopholes and of the Citizens United decision to solicit secret million-dollar contributions from corporate donors. PETER OVERBY, BYLINE: Millions of corporate dollars are thought to go to groups that don't have to disclose their donors. Trade associations like the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and 501(c)(4) organizations like the pro-Republican Crossroads GPS and newer pro-Democratic groups trying to get off the ground. This doesn't jibe with

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


Question: Why A New York Cheese Buyer Hangs On The Euro's Fate

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Among the chilly aisles at Murray's Cheese Shop in Manhattan, the  entire continent of Europe is represented. Something like 60 percent of  the  cheese in Murray's comes from the continent, according to Aaron  Foster, a cheese buyer at the store. For all the talk about how the European debt crisis is effecting the global economy, it can be hard to connect it with daily life here in the U.S. Here's one link: Aaron Foster's bonus depends on how  cheaply he can buy cheese from Europe. And the price of that cheese is driven largely by the strength (or weakness) of the euro. Read More: A cheese for every troubled country in Europe Through his cheese deals, Foster essentially trades in global currency markets.  When he buys cheese from Europe, he doesn't pay for it in dollars.  He has to pay in euros. "It's funny to think about buying money," he tells me. "We have an accountant who will call up the bank and say, 'I need this many euros,' and the bank will call around and see what they can do." Foster takes me to the cheese cave beneath the store.  (Yes there is a cheese cave under Bleecker Street in Greenwich Village, New York.)  On the shelf he points to wheels of French Ossau-Iraty.   To get those he has to pay the cheesemaker in euros.  Then he has to pay someone to drive the cheese from southern France to the port, also in euros. We stand at the counter and play a game.  I name a troubled country, he names a cheese. Cheese from Portugal? "Amantigado." Ireland? "Cashel blue." Greece? "Manouri. Halloumi. Feta." Spain? "Manchego." Italy? "We  have Parmigiano Reggiano --a lot of it." He shows me a huge stack of  Parmesan wheels in the back room, 2,500 pounds of it, give or take. In normal times, the exchange rate from dollars to euros is pretty steady.  But these days, because of the sovereign debt crisis over there, the exchange rate is jumping all over the place. And here's how the European debt crisis affects Foster: the cheaper he can buy the cheese, the bigger a bonus he gets. When things get worse in Europe the euro drops in value, and the cheese gets cheaper. And when this happens Foster's bonus gets bigger. Things got really weird for him the other week, when it looked like Greece was going to have a nationwide referendum on whether to accept the latest bailout terms. "The Greek prime minister said, 'Ah, I'm gonna put it up to a vote.'  And the euro started to tank immediately. Then I was like YES THIS IS GREAT!" Foster recalls.  "Then I realized these people half a world away could be determining my margins and my bonus--the Greek man on the street.  At first I thought it shouldn't make that difference,  but a five or ten cent difference in the exchange rate makes a huge difference thousands and thousands of dollars' difference in cost." A good bonus this year would help Foster pay off his student loans.  But actually he's hoping Europe can sort things out.   Not only does he have a friend in Greece, he has a more long-term financial incentive.  If the euro mess gets worse, it could drag the U.S. and the rest of the world into another recession.  And that would not be good for cheese sales. RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:  For all the talk about how the European debt crisis is affecting the global economy, it can be hard to see how it affects daily life. But we have a story for you, now, about a cheese monger in New York City who is following the news in Europe very closely, because his Christmas bonus is riding on it. David Kestenbaum with our Planet Money team, reports. DAVID KESTENBAUM, BYLINE: At Murray's Cheese Shop in Manhattan, the entire continent of Europe is represented - represented in cheese. AARON FOSTER: We've got - gosh, like 250 different cheeses at least. KESTENBAUM: This is Aaron Foster, the cheese buyer here. We stand at the cheese counter and play a game. I name a troubled country. He names a cheese. So, do you have cheese from Portugal? FOSTER: Yes. Amantigado. KESTENBAUM: Ireland? FOSTER: Ireland we have Cashel blue. KESTENBAUM: Greece? FOSTER: Greece we have Monoru, we have Chalume, we have Feta. KESTENBAUM: Spain? FOSTER: Manchego. KESTENBAUM: Italy? FOSTER: Italy, we have Parmesan regiano, a lot of it. KESTENBAUM: Cheese from different countries, all sharing a common currency: the euro. He's not kidding about lots of parmesan. In a back room we pass a huge stack of parmesan wheels. That's a pallet of parmesan! FOSTER: Pallet of parmesan. KESTENBAUM: Taller than me, actually. How many pounds? FOSTER: So, four wide and one, two, three, four, five, six – 2500 pounds, give or take. KESTENBAUM: Over one ton of cheese. FOSTER: That's just one pallet. That's early in the day. KESTENBAUM: When you read about how the U.S. imports $2 trillion worth of stuff in a year, maybe you think of cars from japan, or computers from china. Add to that, cheese. Something like 60 percent of the cheese in this store comes from Europe. Aaron's paycheck is going to depend on how cheaply he can buy that cheese. FOSTE

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Good morning, here are our early stories: After Chávez: His 'Revolution' Is Likely To Continue. Storm Brings Season's Heaviest Snowfall To Midwest, Mid-Atlantic. And here are more early headlines: Brennan's CIA Nomination On 'Fast Track'; Vote May Come As Early As Thursday. (AP) Finally! Last Cardinal Expected Soon At Vatican To Help Choose New Pope. (CNN) Could Dow's New Record Prompt More Spending By Wealthy? (Marketwatch) European Union Fines Microsoft For Denying Consumers Web Browser Choice. (Reuters) After Two Years Of Fighting, Syria Has 1 Million Refugees. (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles City Councilman, Controller, Headed For Mayoral Runoff. (KPCC) Czech Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Under Attack By Hackers. (Reuters) Did The Duchess Of Cambridge Drop A Hint About Her Baby's Gender? (People)


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Question: From A-To-Z, We Have You Covered For The NCAA March Madness Basketball Tournaments

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For college basketball fans, March Madness is back and a historic wait is over. Last year, for the first time ever, the wildly popular men's and women's Division 1 basketball tournaments were canceled because of the pandemic. Play starts today in the main draw of the men's tournament; the women start Sunday. A year's worth of pent up excitement is about to burst, although still muted somewhat by the coronavirus. Here to help guide, an A – Z of March Madness. A – Geno Auriemma. The UConn head coach has won more women's national titles than anyone — 11 with the Huskies — but he faces a unique challenge as his quest for a 12th begins. Last Sunday he tested positive for COVID-19. He says he's symptom free but he has to isolate and can't join the team until March 24th. That means he'll miss the Huskies' first two games of the tournament, assuming they win their opener. UConn is a freshman-heavy young team, but assistant Chris Dailey has been with Auriemma for three-plus decades and is expected to fill in ably. B – Betting is back! Even though the NCAA would like you to focus on the purity of student-athletes engaged in wholesome competition...aside from the occasional flagrant foul...there's money in the Madness. Lots of it. Around $10 billion, according to estimates, moves through a combination of office pools, bracket contests, "friendly" bets and sportsbook action. And since the last March Madness in 2019, legal sports betting has grown thanks to a 2018 Supreme Court ruling that opened up previously banned commercial sports betting in most states. C – Coronavirus. Yes the tournaments are back but the pandemic is still here and reshaping the usual look and feel of March Madness. To start with, the men's tournament kicked off two days later than normal due to logistics and health and safety protocols involved in bringing 60 plus teams to one location (see "I" and "T"). Players will be tested daily, paid for by the NCAA. There will be no bands and no cheerleaders that traditionally give games the college feel. Masks and social distancing will be as prevalent as coaches' X's and O's. All a team needs to compete is five eligible, healthy players – but if a team can't  muster that, there are no options. As of Tuesday night, the men's and women's brackets were locked. Meaning if COVID strikes a team in a big way, there'll be no replacement. The team's opponent simply moves on in the bracket. D – For the first time since the 1994 season, Duke is not playing in the men's tournament. The Blue Devils struggled this season and then had to drop out of the ACC tournament because of COVID issues. Joining Duke as a basketball royalty no show, Kentucky. It's the first time since 1976 that both teams have missed the tournament. E – Early round upsets. Who doesn't love them? Other than fans of the higher seeds. And ever since that historic day in 2018, when the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, beat Virginia and became the first number 16 seed to beat a number 1 seed in the men's tournament, why not believe? So here's to Drexel and Hartford and Texas Southern and Norfolk State. And the whiteboards in their locker rooms that should have the briefest of inspirational messages – UMBC. F – Fans will be part of the tournaments, but the numbers are limited. At men's games, arenas will be 25% full, but that's not just fans. It also includes teams, officials, coaches, athletic trainers and others. Same for the women's tournament – starting with the round of 16, there'll be a 17% capacity limit. Is this wise? Some health experts say no. But the NCAA says it made its decision after consulting local health officials at the sites of the men's and women's events. There weren't lotteries for tickets – fans who got in went through the competing school's athletic department or an NCAA website. Suffice it to say, there was greater demand than supply. G – Gonzaga is the overall number 1 seed in the men's tournament and the first team since 2015 to arrive undefeated. But there are plenty of skeptics, who've watched year after year, as Gonzaga dominates its West Coast Conference only to lose in the tournament. As written in The Ringer, "It's March, which means flowers are blooming, birds are singing, and America is united in its distrust of the Gonzaga Bulldogs." Can the team led by veteran head coach Mark Few finally show it can win the less-than-respected WCC and beat the best from the more prominent conferences? Seems like the Zags' best chance has arrived. H – A Hashtag on the eve of the men's tournament is a reminder that all is not well in a system that has traditionally used athletes to make lots of money, and not shared it with the people doing the labor. A group of 15 men's tournament teams took to social media this week, uniting behind a #NotNCAAProperty movement, speaking out against "unjust NCAA rules that deny college athletes equal freedoms and basic protections." I – Indiana, specifically the Indianapolis area, is home for t

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Stories: 1) Going 'One On One' With Sports' Greatest Stars 2) At Midseason, Serial Dramas Serve Up Big Twists


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Question: Virtual Support For Dementia Caregivers; China's 'Red Tourism'

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Caregiver support groups were forced to go virtual because of the COVID-19 pandemic. But this helped some caregivers of loved ones with dementia find support for the first time. KJZZ's Kathy Ritchie has the story. And, as NPR's Emily Feng reports, China is promoting "red tourism" — visiting Communist Party historical sites that venerate Chairman Mao Zedong, and increasingly, the country's current leader Xi Jinping. Connect with us: Find more stories from the show here. Follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Subscribe to our podcast here. Email the show at letters@hereandnow.org

Stories: 1) How Companies Are 'Defining Your Worth' Online 2) After 'Putin's Kiss,' A Young Girl's Change Of Heart


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Question: When The Wild Rumpus Stops: 'We The Animals'

We the Animals, Jeremiah Zagar's fever-dream of a movie, gets underway on a hot summer afternoon in upstate New York, with three shirtless, preteen boys running wild, the way kids do. The youngest, Jonah (Evan Rosado), reads from a secret journal he scribbles at night, about wanting more: more noise, more muscles, more time with brothers Manny (Isaiah Kristian) and Joel (Josiah Gabriel). The three boys are so inseparable they seem almost a single organism, bouncing off the walls, tearing across a field, baying at the moon, turning every flat object in the house into a drum ... and when all of that gets old, huddling under a sheet, whispering. Childhood is a magical time for these three, if also — when the discovery of that journal leads to unintended revelations — a fraught time.  Based on Justin Torres' 2011, autobiographical debut novel, We the Animals seemed an unlikely candidate for film adaptation. The book is impressionistic, fragmented, deeply felt but nearly non-narrative as it tells of a working-class family's turbulent home life. Somehow, though, Zagar has found a way to let the film's scenes surface and recede the way memories do. Scenes about breakfasts and truck rides, dancing, cuddling, and roughhousing in the care of a mixed-race couple who've moved upstate looking for a good life that hasn't materialized. Paps (Raul Castillo), a night watchman, is Puerto Rican; Ma (Sheila Vand), who works in a bottling plant, is white. They met when she was underage, and a dozen years later are still crazy in love.  But dead-end-jobs and struggling-to-make-ends-meet was never the plan, so sometimes they're not just lovers, but also fighters — she protective of the kids, he rough and tumble (or just rough) — which means the boys need to figure out what's happening when, say, Paps packs his things and takes off after one fight that leaves Ma bruised, and in the words of her sons, "purple ... crazy ... tore-up." That rates a note and an illustration in Jonah's journal, animated with Mark Samsonovich's scratchy pen drawings for the film. That fight also leaves Ma too depressed to leave her bed for a week or so, which gives the kids a chance to eat themselves out of house and home, and then go foraging at a convenience store, in the woods, and on a farm, where a gruff but kind-hearted farmer gives them a hot meal, while glimpses of his striking blond grandson give Jonah feelings he doesn't quite know what to do with.  Filmmaker Zagar is a documentarian, making his first fiction feature here, working with youngsters who'd never acted before, and creating a dreamlike narrative where Jonah's carousing merges with his fantasies about adulthood, and his confusion over things his parents say and do — Paps loving and leaving; Ma loving and clinging. "I remember your heart inside me," she whispers to Jonah as she hugs him close, "tickin' like a bomb." That's quite the image, and applies equally to Jonah at age nine — ticking like a bomb with explosive sensual feelings, and the realization that there are ways in which he is not like his brothers.  We the Animals catches its characters as they are right on the cusp of the growth spurt that will propel them into their teens — into the years when they'll finally grow out of the feral joys of childhood. Grow, in the case of journal-keeping Jonah, perhaps to be a writer who'll try to capture in words this summer of wanting more – this summer when things began to change — and make it intense, scary and ecstatically lyrical. AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:  A debut novel by young Latino writer, "We the Animals," made a splash in literary circles when it was published in 2011. An autobiographical story about preteen brothers and their turbulent home life, it seemed an unlikely candidate for film adaptation, but critic Bob Mondello says "We The Animals" has become a haunting fever dream of a movie. BOB MONDELLO, BYLINE: A hot summer in upstate New York, three shirtless boys running wild the way kids do. Jonah's the youngest, the storyteller... (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "WE THE ANIMALS") EVAN ROSADO: (As Jonah) Us three. MONDELLO: ...Scribbling in his journal about wanting more - more volume... (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "WE THE ANIMALS") ROSADO: (As Jonah) Us kings. MONDELLO: ...More muscles, more time with Manny and Joel. (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "WE THE ANIMALS") ROSADO: (As Jonah) Us brothers. MONDELLO: The three of them so inseparable they often seem a single organism - bouncing off the walls, tearing across a field, being at the moon, turning every flat object in the house into a drum, and when all of that gets old, huddling under a sheet, whispering. (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "WE THE ANIMALS") UNIDENTIFIED ACTORS: (As characters) Body heat, body heat, body heat. MONDELLO: Childhood is a magical time for these three, and a complicated time, too, as their sons of a mixed race couple who've moved upstate looking for a good life that hasn't really materialized. Dad's Puerto Rican and a nightwatchman. Mom's white

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Stories: 1) In 'Willing,' Pursuits of the Flesh for a Flagging Spirit 2) 'English Patient' Director Anthony Minghella


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Question: Avalanche Of Mud And Water Kills At Least 193 In Colombian City

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Updated 6 a.m. ET Sunday A sudden avalanche of mud and water tore through the Colombian city of Mocoa overnight Friday night, killing scores of people while they slept. At least 193 people were killed, according to President Juan Manuel Santos. The Colombian Red Cross reported Saturday that 220 people are missing, and 400 were injured in the disaster. Mocoa is in the Putumayo province, along the country's southern border with Ecuador. The 40,000-person city sits between two mountains at the crux of two rivers that overflowed after intense rains, according to the Associated Press: "Muddy water and debris quickly surged through the city's streets, toppling homes, ripping trees from their roots, lifting cars and trucks and carrying them downstream." President Santos visited the city on Saturday and declared a state of emergency, to mobilize rescue operations. "We don't know how many there are going to be," he said about the death toll. "We're still looking." An alarm reportedly went off to alert residents but wasn't audible throughout the city. Witnesses told the AP that they felt buildings vibrate, and that many did not have enough time to retreat to roofs or higher ground. The AP spoke with Herman Granados, an anesthesiologist at the local hospital, who had worked throughout the night on victims. He said the hospital didn't have enough blood to deal with the crisis, and they were running out of supplies. Some of the hospital workers had family among the missing. "Under the mud," Granados said, "I am sure there are many more." Colombia's mountainous landscape and informally constructed homes make landslides relatively common when there are heavy rains, according to Reuters.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Honduran Court Rules For Incumbent President Weeks After Disputed Vote. -- Carolina Panthers Owner Jerry Richardson Says He Will Sell Team. -- South Africa's ANC To Choose President Zuma's Replacement On 2019 Ballot. -- California's Thomas Fire 45 Percent Contained.  -- Airport Power Restored In Atlanta But Thousands Are Stranded. -- Trump To Outline His Blueprint For Military And Foreign Policy. And here are more early headlines: Report: Images Show New Destruction Of Rohinyga Villages In Myanmar. (Human Rights Watch) Israel Bombs Hamas Targets In Gaza After Rocket Fire. (AP) Former Chilean Leader Pinera Wins Presidential Runoff. (CNN) Tropical Storm Kills More Than 20 In Philippines. (Bloomberg) Suicide Bombers Kill 9 At Church In Quetta, Pakistan. (Reuters) 100 Foot Long Joint Shown At Cannabis Convention. (Worcester Telegram)


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Question: Opinion On Recent Programs

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Given ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "I know what you're thinking. Same old president. Same old Senate. Same old House. And yes, same old ScuttleButton. ScuttleButton, of course, is that once-a-week waste of time exercise in which each Monday or Tuesday I put up a vertical display of buttons on this site. Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) For years, a correct answer chosen at random would get his or her name posted in this column, an incredible honor in itself. Now the stakes are even higher. Thanks to the efforts of the folks at Talk of the Nation, that person also hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain. Is this a great country or what? You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state — you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. (Why do people keep forgetting to include their name and city/state?) And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be among the first on your block to receive notice about the column and the puzzle. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck! By the way, I always announce the winner on Wednesday's Junkie segment on TOTN — eight days after the puzzle goes up. So you should try and get your answer in as soon as possible. But logistically, you have about a week to submit your guess. Here are the buttons used and the answer to the most recent puzzle: Hurry Up Or I'll Be 30 — From a forgettable 1973 film starring Danny DeVito. Kaine U.S. Senate — Tim Kaine, a former Virginia governor and DNC chair, was elected last week, defeating George Allen. Matt Gonzalez Mayor of San Francisco — Gonzalez, a member of the Green Party, ran in 2003 but lost a close contest to Gavin Newsom. He was also Ralph Nader's running mate in the 2008 presidential election. D Huddleston U.S. Senate — The 5,893rd time I've used this button in a ScuttleButton puzzle. So, when you combine Hurry + Kaine + San + D, you may just very well end up with ... Hurricane Sandy. And for the record, when I put up this puzzle, I had no idea of the awful mayhem and destruction this storm was capable of. The winner, chosen completely at random, is ...Deirdre Carroll of Seattle, Wash. Deirdre gets not only the coveted Political Junkie t-shirt — but the Official No Prize Button as well! And don't forget to check out this week's Political Junkie column, which focuses on the aftermath of the 2012 election. It explores what contributed to Mitt Romney's defeat. Click here to read the column."], a positive would be ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "It's ScuttleButton Time!"]

Opinion on recent programs from the PT Listener Comment Line (202-842-3522), Mailbag and Internet account (perftoday npr.org). 3:00

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Northern Hemisphere Greening

NPR's Richard Harris reports on a new study showing that the Earth has become greener over the past 20 years. Scientists say spring is coming earlier in many parts of the globe, plants are growing lusher -- and the change could be due to global warming.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Week in Review with Daniel Schorr

NPR's Scott Simon reviews the week's news with NPR's Daniel Schorr, senior news analyst.

Stories: 1) Colin Meloy of The Decemberists 2) Remembering Father Robert Drinan 3) The Metropolitan Opera in a Theater Near You


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Question: Album Review: 'III,' By Bixiga 70

Bixiga 70 is a 10-piece band from Sao Paulo, Brazil. The eclectic set of musicians seamlessly fuses cumbia, afrobeat and funk. NPR's Banning Eyre says their instrumental dance songs have earned them a global reputation.

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Our list of the best new albums out this week includes Kishi Bashi's moving remembrance of Japanese internment camps during World War II, a sometimes surreal but lucid dream from R&B singer Raveena, stark solo piano pieces from the electronic artist Eluvium, veteran of the U.K. grime scene Skepta and more. Host Robin Hilton is joined by NPR Music's Tom Huizenga, Sidney Madden and Stephen Thompson as they share their picks for the best new albums out on May 31. Featured Albums  Kishi Bashi: OmoiyariFeatured Songs: "Penny Rabbit & Summer Bear" and "A Meal For Leaves" Raveena: LucidFeatured Songs: "Stronger," "Nani's Interlude" and "Petal" Eluvium: PianoworksFeatured Song: "Masquerade" Daniel Wohl: ÉtatFeatured Song: "Melt" Skepta: Ignorance Is BlissFeatured Song: "No Sleep" Christelle Bofale: Swim TeamFeatured Song: "Moving On, Getting On"  Other notable releases for May 31: Apex Manor: Heartbreak City; Denzel Curry: Zuu; Fujiya & Miyagi: Flashback; The Gotobeds: Debt Begins at 30; Lee Scratch Perry: Rainford; Pip Blom: Boat; Sinkane: Dépaysé; Soundwalk Collective with Patti Smith: The Peyote Dance; Thomas Rhett: Center Point Road. Stream The Music:


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Question: N.J. Town Must Pay Islamic Group $3.25 Million To Settle Discrimination Lawsuit

A New Jersey town must pay $3.25 million to a local Islamic society and allow it to build a mosque, ending a years-long dispute. This is the result of settlements finalized on Tuesday stemming from two separate federal lawsuits against Bernards Township, in central New Jersey. The $3.25 million settles the lawsuit filed by the Islamic Society of Basking Ridge. And the ISBR will be allowed to move forward with its plans to build a mosque as a result of a lawsuit filed Justice Department. "Federal law requires towns to treat religious land use applications like any other land use application," acting U.S. Attorney of the District of New Jersey William Fitzpatrick said in a statement. "Bernards Township made decisions that treated the Islamic Society of Basking Ridge differently than other houses of worship." Both the Justice Department and the ISBR argued that Bernards Township violated the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, which protects "individuals, houses of worship, and other religious institutions from discrimination in zoning and landmarking laws." Mohammed Ali Chaudry, president of the society, told NJ.com that they are "very pleased by this resolution and hope to receive prompt approval to build our mosque. ... We look forward to welcoming people of all faiths and backgrounds to our mosque." This dispute started in 2011, when the ISBR purchased a home with the intention of building a mosque in a residential zoning district where it was, at that time, acceptable to establish places of worship. But the plan was met with public opposition. The ISBR filed for site approval in 2012, which initiated 39 public hearings that spanned more than three years. "The Planning Board has never held such a large number of hearings for any previous site plan application," according to the Justice Department's complaint. In Oct. 2013, the township enacted a new ordinance that "amended the classification of a house of worship from a permitted use in residential zoning districts to a conditional use," the complaint added. The new ordinance also required places of worship to be on a lot of at least 6 acres, larger than the 4-acre property where the ISBR wanted to build a mosque. Eight of the 11 houses of worship built and approved by the Planning Board before the rule was enacted were on lots smaller than 6 acres, the complaint says. The Planning Board ultimately rejected the application in 2015, saying it was particularly concerned about its number of parking spaces. The plans had 50 spaces allotted, at a ratio of one for every three worshippers, which is the usual standard applied to other places of worship. But the Planning Board said the mosque needed 107 spaces. The Justice Department said that higher number came from a "traffic engineer hired by a group of mosque opponents," while the town said it came from a report introduced by an expert hired by the plaintiffs. The planning board also said the mosque must follow more stringent storm-water management and fire lane procedures than those required of other institutions, according to the complaint. Michael Turner, a spokesman for Bernards Township, denies the claims of discrimination. "The Planning Board denial was based on legitimate land use and safety concerns which Plaintiffs refused to address," Turner added. He said that the decision to settle was "not made lightly" and that the township is a "diverse and inclusive community." The Associated Press notes two other recent lawsuits on the same issue in New Jersey. "A similar lawsuit cost nearby Bridgewater Township almost $8 million in a 2014 settlement," the wire service states. "Last week, a Muslim group sued the city of Bayonne, claiming its proposal to convert an abandoned warehouse into a mosque and community center was unfairly voted down amid a climate of hostility and religious intolerance."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Russian Plan 'Is Just A Lie,' Syrian Rebel General Says. -- Challenging Obama, Putin Appeals Directly To Americans On Syria. And here are more early headlines: Flash Flooding In Colorado Imperils Boulder. (Boulder Daily Camera) House Delays Spending Plan Vote As Government Shutdown Looms. (Bloomberg) California Wildfire Kills One North Of Sacramento. (NBC) Fewer Home Foreclosures Reported In August. (The Wall Street Journal) Verizon Communications Sells Record $49 Billion In Bond Offering. (International Business Times) 1 Million People Form Human Chain Demanding Catalonian Independence. (BBC) Lawsuit To Remove "In God We Trust" From Currency Is Dismissed. (The Associated Press) Detroit Lions' Suh Slapped With $100,000 Fine For Foul. (NFL.com)


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Question: Notes From New Orleans

"New Yorker" writer Dan Baum has spent nearly a year and a half in New Orleans since Hurricane Katrina: in the Lower Ninth Ward, blogging an outsider's insights into the idiosyncracies of a city still struggling to survive.

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Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: Chris Clark: Lone American Runner

Katie Bausler reports on Chris Clark, the only American competing in the women's marathon at this year's Sydney Olympics.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: News Brief: North Korea Fires ICBM, Republican Tax Plan Gains Support, CFPB

North Korea fired what the Pentagon says was an intercontinental ballistic missile for the third time in 2017. Also, GOP continues work on a tax overhaul and The Washington Post's Renae Merle on CFPB.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Given ['', 'Portland Police Say They Will Investigate Sex Assault Charge Against Al Gore'], a positive would be ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'The Portland Oregonian is reporting that the Portland police department has announced it will "re-open and investigate" a massage therapist\'s allegations that former Vice President Al Gore sexually assaulted her at a hotel in October 2006. The allegation had been made public for more than a week now, with the National Enquirer providing the details.\xa0 Initially, the police said that because the woman, identified as Molly Hagerty, failed to press charges, there would be no case.\xa0 Now she is demanding a full police investigation, and the police department has apparently complied. According to the Oregonian\'s account, Hagerty filed a complaint two months after the alleged incident, "but then refused to meet with detectives on three occasions. Then in January 2009, she presented a detailed statement to Portland sexual assault investigators":  She told investigators that Gore groped her, kissed her and made unwanted sexual advances during a late-night massage session in a suite at the upscale Hotel Lucia. She said she told two friends and kept the clothes she wore that night, including her black pants with stains on them. But Portland police didn’t contact any of the woman’s friends, obtain the potential evidence or interview anyone at the hotel, records show.  The Multnomah Co. district attorney\'s office had no new comment, instead referring to a previous statement by the D.A.: "If the complainant and the Portland Police Bureau wish to pursue the possibility of a criminal prosecution, additional investigation by the Bureau will be necessary and will be discussed with the Portland Police Bureau." Kalee Kreider, a Gore family spokeswoman, released a statement that said in part:  The Gores cannot  comment on every defamatory, misleading, and inaccurate story generated by  tabloids. \xa0Mr. Gore unequivocally and emphatically denied this accusation when  he first learned of its existence three years ago. He stands by that  denial.  Al Gore and his wife Tipper announced on June 1 they were separating after 40 years of marriage.'] & a negative would be ['Represent text', 'Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department\'s Search Of Reporters\' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother\'s Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)']

Question: Supreme Court Says A $2 Billion Verdict In A Baby Powder Cancer Case Should Remain

WASHINGTON (AP) — The Supreme Court is leaving in place a $2 billion verdict in favor of women who claim they developed ovarian cancer from using Johnson & Johnson talc products. The justices did not comment Tuesday in rejecting Johnson & Johnson's appeal. The company argued that it was not treated fairly in facing one trial involving 22 cancer sufferers who came from 12 states and different backgrounds. A Missouri jury initially awarded the women $4.7 billion, but a state appeals court dropped two women from the suit and reduced the award to $2 billion. The jury found that the company's talc products contain asbestos and asbestos-laced talc can cause ovarian cancer. The company disputes both points. Johnson & Johnson, which is based in New Brunswick, New Jersey, has stopped selling its iconic talc-based Johnson's Baby Powder in the U.S. and Canada, though it remains on the market elsewhere. But the company faces thousands of lawsuits from women who claim asbestos in the powder caused their cancer. Talc is a mineral similar in structure to asbestos, which is known to cause cancer, and they are sometimes obtained from the same mines. The cosmetics industry in 1976 agreed to make sure its talc products do not contain detectable amounts of asbestos. The lead attorney for the women during the trial, Mark Lanier, praised the court's refusal to hear Johnson & Johnson's appeal. "This decision sends a clear message to the rich and powerful: You will be held to account when you cause grievous harm under our system of equal justice under law," Lanier said. Justices Samuel Alito and Brett Kavanaugh took no part in the court's action. Alito owns $15,000 to $50,000 in Johnson & Johnson stock. Kavanaugh's father headed the trade association that lobbied against labeling talc a carcinogen and including a warning label on talc products. Ethicists contacted by The Associated Press said they did not think E. Edward Kavanaugh's role required his son to step aside from the case.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Afghan Force Says It Has Retaken Kunduz From Taliban. -- Joaquin Lashes Bahamas, Could Have Eastern U.S. In Crosshairs. -- Syrian Opposition Says Russian Airstrikes Aren't Targeting ISIS. And here are more early headlines: A New Blast Shakes Chinese City, A Day After Package Bombs Go Off. (AFP) It's Now Legal To Buy Recreational Pot In Oregon. (The Oregonian) If Elected, Trump Vows To Repatriate All Syrian Refugees In U.S. (NBC) Trial Opening For Former Coal Company Executive In Accident Lawsuit. (West Virgina Metro News) Report: Fertilizer Company To Settle Huge Waste Lawsuit For $2 Billion. (AP) A Single Ticket Matched The Winning $310 Million Powerball. (Chicago Tribune)


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4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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"['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details!', "It still looks a lot like Christmas around the Valley, but some homeowners are spreading their cheer greenly.  KJZZ's Mark Brodie reports."]" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Holiday Lights Turning Green (and Red)']"

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Top Stories: Jobless Report Coming; Syrian Peace Efforts

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- 'Nervousness' About Economy Ahead Of Today's Jobs Report. -- U.S. Still Working For Syria Resolution, Envoy To U.N. Says. -- Dogs Do Their Doodies And Salmon Swim Home Magnetically. And here are more early headlines: Hundreds Of Thousands Still Lack Power In Pennsylvania. (Philly.com) It's Not Just The East: Oregon Gets Smacked With Snow. (Oregonian) Syrian Government Will Join Second Round Of Peace Talks. (Reuters) Obama To Sign Farm Bill At Michigan University. (AP) Duke Energy Says Ash Spill Into River Will Soon Be Stopped. (WSOC-TV) Suspected Migrant Boat Overturns Off Florida, Killing Three. (Sun-Sentinel) CDC Says New Norovirus Strain Sickened Cruise Ship Passengers, Crew. (NBC) Toronto Mayor Rob Ford Launches New YouTube Show. (Globe & Mail)

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Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: Do We Know How Life Began? Not Really

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The account of evolution we call Darwinian can explain the great diversity of life on Earth. The origin of species and the descent of human beings are well understood. Darwinism is silent on the question of life's first beginnings, however. This is not a hole or an omission; it represents no unfulfilled promise. The theory of evolution is not a theory of that. How did life first happen? How did it begin? We don't know. As Peter Godfrey Smith puts it, in his elegant review of Thomas Nagel's recent book: "We still know very little about how life began, and it is hard to assess whether this problem will eventually yield to 'normal science' or whether a more dramatic innovation is needed." That's not the situation when it comes to understanding the origin and variety of species, extinction events and the like. There are lots of unanswered questions, of course. For instance, we are still filling in the details in our account of the great exodus from Africa that led to our population of the greater planet. But we do know that we don't need dramatic innovation to move forward. "Normal science" will do the work. Godfrey Smith's point, and I agree, is that we don't have this same confidence when it comes to an understanding of life's beginnings. This is probably not, I would say, due to the fact that the relevant events happened a long time ago. Our problem isn't merely historical in nature, that is. If that were all that was at stake, then we might expect that, now at least, we would be able to make life in a test tube. But we can't do that. We don't know how. (Is this a limitation in principle? Do we require dramatic innovation? Or are we almost there? It seems to me that we do not now know.) There's an old joke: A person claims to have devised a method that allows him to take an egg, break it, scramble it over a flame, and then reassemble it once again into its original form. How? Easy. Feed it to a hen. The problem is comparable to a question that is often posed about intelligence. If we really understood what makes a person intelligent, then it ought to be relatively straight forward, at least in principle, to manufacture intelligence. Some people believe that this is possible. Others that we can actually make intelligent machines and robots now. I do not suppose that they are wrong. But I do take it as manifest that we do not know this to be the case. Many mainstream scientists and philosophers believe that true artificial intelligence is at best unfinished business. As with intelligence, so with life. Some of us are hearty and confident and think we are almost there. Others think there is still a revolution in our future if we are to make sense of intelligence, or of life, as a genuinely natural phenomenon. What kind of disagreement is this? To my mind it is foolish to cast it as a standoff between those who embrace science and admit its stunning achievements and those who reject the project of natural science itself. It is not a conflict between those who know and those who are confused. Some critics of Nagel's book adopt this pose, as if this were some kind of episode in our culture wars. (See Jeniffer Schuessler's article in the NY Times for a survey of the storm of controversy surrounding Nagel's book, with lots of links, and a quote by me.) The issue at stake is internal to science. We have not yet integrated an account of ourselves into our understanding of nature. And so our conception of nature itself is, or threatens to be, incomplete. These are exciting times. Thanks to Stuart Kauffman and Evan Thompson for their thoughts on this topic.  You can keep up with more of what Alva Noë is thinking on Facebook and on Twitter: @alvanoe

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Joseph C. Phillips on Getting the Political Bug

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Joseph C. Phillips, an actor and commentator for The Tavis Smiley Show, plans to run for a seat in the California state assembly in 2006. He discusses his political plans.

Stories: 1) William Hurt: In Every Role, A New Life To Inhabit 2) From Israel, A Humane And Honest Look At Life


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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Question: Who's Bill This Time

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "Alabama Creeper," "Played in China," and "Double-Word-Cross."

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: Video Pick Of The Week: Giant Pumpkins

Atlantic Giant pumpkins, when properly cared for, can grow as large as 1,600 pounds. But big pumpkins don't just grow on their own. Click the picture on the left for a Science Friday featured video. IRA FLATOW, host:  And now it's time for our weekly video Pick of the Week. What great video do we have up on our website today, and here to tell us about is Flora Lichtman. She is our video producer. Hi, Flora. Got something seasonal for us today?  FLORA LICHTMAN: In fact, we do.  FLATOW: Oh, goody.  LICHTMAN: This week we are getting into the fall spirit with a video on pumpkins. Now, it sounds kind of boring, pumpkins. But they're no ordinary pumpkins.  FLATOW: They are not.  LICHTMAN: They're humongous.  FLATOW: As the old Johnny Carlson line, how big are they?  LICHTMAN: Well, the pumpkin that we visit with the most in this video is about a thousand pounds.  FLATOW: Wow!  LICHTMAN: But that's just the tip of the iceberg. This breed of pumpkins, and it's just a different variety, can get up to - I think the world record is like 1,700 pounds. And you know, a one ton pumpkin is on the horizon, I hear.  FLATOW: Wow! And you visited a pumpkin farmer, and we're going to see this giant, humongous pumpkin.   Ms. LICHTMAN: Yes, we visited the farmer, and he told us some of his tricks for growing giant pumpkins, and then we go to a weigh-off, and that's where the excitement really starts.  FLATOW: All right, you Halloween folks and pumpkin growers, that's our Science Friday Pick of the Week at sciencefriday.com. It's there and you can see the pumpkin video. Thank you, Flora.  Ms. LICHTMAN: Thanks.  FLATOW: That's about all the time we have for today.  (Soundbite of acknowledgment)  FLATOW: If you want to go see our Pick of the Week at sciencefriday.com, while you're there, you can leave us an email, and you can also look at our other videos, dozens of others that Flora has put together, and also send us email from there and we're blogging and podcasting, and you can actually download those videos right to your - you know, like you do your podcast and make a podcast out of the video. So that's open to you also. I'm Ira Flatow in New York.

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Stories: 1) Dan Fante: Reliving Addictions One Page At A Time 2) Hot Chip Brings Romance To The Dance Floor 3) Damon and Soderbergh, An Informative Pair 4) Two Movie Islands, One Worth Visiting


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Question: The Collapse of Communism

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For example, ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "UNDERSTANDING TECHNOLOGY THROUGH A CHILD'S EYES (REBROADCAST): Kids today rarely think of 'technology' as something separate from themselves. Rather, technology is infused into everything they do and see.  So how can grown-ups rethink design ideas based on what the next generation is thinking? Tech Tuesday explores the intersection of technology and child development.  (52 min.)"] should be similar to ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Understanding Technology through a Child's Eyes (Rebroadcast)"]

NPR's Julie McCarthy reports that, 10 years after the violent collapse of Romania's Communist regime, Romanians are still trying to find out exactly what happened in late 1989 and early 1990. Romania's Communist Dictator, Nicolae Ceausescu, ordered the secret police and the army to attack protesters, and many people died in the bloodshed. McCarthy's report concludes a week-long series on the 10th anniversary of the Fall of Communism in East-Central Europe.

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Fewshot example: "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "David Greene talks to Democratic Rep. Mike Quigley of Illinois about congressional probes into President Trump, and where they'll go in the future. NPR's Scott Horsley weighs in on the topic."]" == "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'House Intelligence Committee Plans To Talk To More Trump Associates']"

Stories: 1) Venturing Inside Bellevue's Psychiatric ER 2) Capitalism's Paradoxes, Writ Personal On Film


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Question: Garry Wills: "What Paul Meant"

represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr For instance, <<['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news... Sanity For Humanity, Vlad The Emailer, It Takes An Olympic Village"]>>  to "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Who's Bill This Time"]"

Forum in conversation with historian Garry Wills about the New Testament writings of Saint Paul.

Stories: 1) Jacob Weisberg, Chronicling 'The Bush Tragedy' 2) Sean Michael Flynn, 'From Ground Zero to Baghdad'


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Question: Teen Diary - Brina (Bree-Nah)

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18-year old Brina Goldfarb recorded her first semester at Brown University for All Things Considered's "Teen Diary" series -- the ingredients include roommate problems, thoughts on making friends, and a gorgeous 'Introduction To Political Thought' professor.

Last week, we asked readers to participate in our experiment:  This is a guessing game. To play, pick a number between 0 and 100.  The goal is to pick the number that's closest to half the average of all  guesses. So, for example, if the average of all guesses were 80, the winning number would be 40.  Thanks very much to the 15,322 people who entered. We'll get to the winning number (and the winners) in a minute. But first, here's why we were interested in this game in the first place. Read More: The answer is... What's fun about this game is it forces you to think about how everybody else thinks. And then it forces you to think about how everybody else thinks about how everybody else thinks. Etc. If you assume everybody else is just picking a number at random, you would expect the average guess to be 50. In that case, the winning number would be 25 — half of 50. But if everybody is thinking that way, and everybody guesses 25, then then answer should be half of that — somewhere around 12. Why stop there? You can use this kind of logic to keep cutting the number in half. So eventually you get down near zero. You can see each of these strategies play out in the entries in our contest. We graphed all of the responses, and you see big spikes around 25, 12 and near zero. (Here's a spreadsheet with every single guess.) I talked with Ben  Polak, a Yale economist who plays this game each year with his intro  to game theory class. He said he likes the game because it shows the importance of strategic thinking — to think about not only what others are thinking, but what others think that you're thinking. (Like in Keynes's beauty contest, or this Friends episode.) Polak guessed that the answer to our contest would be somewhere around 10. In other words, he's saying Planet Money readers think other Planet Money readers are rational — but not that rational. Over at Cheap Talk, the economist Jeff Ely has a very nice discussion of this sort of experiment. He does a little math, a little handwaving, and guesses 16. Ok. Here's the moment you've been waiting for: The winning number in our experiment is 11.53 Five people guessed 11.5. They are our winners. BJAmandaJoel TogstadJami L. BennettGreg Cunningham A few people gave decimal answers that were also pretty close — Bolivia Red, Spencer J Padilla, Steven Burt, Aaron Chinn, and Jasen. Finally, an honorable mention goes to all 772 people who guessed 12 — the closest integer to the correct answer. Here's the full list: 61northAaronAaronAaron CouchAaron RoubyababcocAbbieAbbyAbby BrodyAbby ThomasAdamAdam SholomAdam SnyderAdam WebbAdeline BasileAditya DwivedulaAdrielAimeeAl GoodAl LopezAlan GoosAlanna TurnerAlexAlex BarrettAlex ChaiceAlex DelgadoAlex HopmannAlex MacDonaldAlexa SquireAlexander VennebushAline FaderAliotsy AndrianarivoAlisonAlison KlejnaAlissa Browning-CouchAlix GrabowskiAllisonAlyssaAmandaAmanda HannanAmanda Holmes DuffyAmanda YatesAmber HuffAmosAmy BitnerAmy BrandenburgAmy RosselloAmy S.Amy StrothAmy TaylorAndreaAndrea PalmerAndrewAndrewAndrew ConnerAndrew HodgesAndrew JAndrew McDanielAndrew PayzantAndrew PetersonAndrew RamirezAndy CohenAngie BoyterAnissa CoreAnneAnnie AdamsAnnie ClementAnurag SaxenaApple KabobApril NeigutApril StevensonArmando DuranArnold FoxArt Ryel-LindseyAsh HaegerAshley TrimbleAudreyAviAviAvi AdlerBarb C,Barb KilgustBarbara BerkleyBarbara GoobyBarbara LangstaffBarbara TargumBecky LaFlammebecky nelsonBeki S.Ben ABen BBen GladwellBen LuippoldBen ThompsonBenjamin MorrillBenjamin ReichsteinBethBeth Forbesbeth h.Beth MeredithBeth RuediBHCbillBillBill PalkowskyBill SiderskiBillieBobby!Boris MindzakBrad AbernethyBraden MoglerBrandonBrandon LeungBredan McGovernBrenda CooperBrendan SimonsBrianBrian ArchibaldBrian ExelbierdBrian FrancisBrian HilburnBrian Jacoby (Tallahassee, if there's more than one)Brian LandbergBrian RobergBrian Schermerhornbrian weindlingbrittBritt SmithBrittany BurkettBrittany-ReneeBronislava LeeBryan NewmanBuckByron CombsCaitlin RohrerCalvin Gosla IIICameron GilroyCao JingshuCara McClintock-WalshcarinaCarlCarla KilgoreCarly BaxendaleCaroleCarolyn K.CarterBCasey Primelcassandra lenhardCassiaCassieCatherine MerrbachCatieCB JarvisCharles BorgerdingCharlieChase P SChelanChelsea PaiceCHrischrisChrisChris BenhamChris Burnettchris hardeechris mooreChris MorinChris S.ChrissyChristie JarrioChristie JettChristina Hevkochristina steenChristine GunsaullusChristopher ColemanChristopher WheatCindie Carroll-PankhurstCindyCindyClarkClayton KinslerClifford BeshersClintCollinCorey TadlockCorina JaisleCory ErlandsonCourtney CudlipCraig R.Cris Whetstonecucumber17CynthiaCynthia BeardDale BorgesonDale HowardDaliDanDan CieplinskiDan SDaniel FletcherDaniel Michelson-HorowitzDanny ADanny SwanDarrynDave CooperDave GraceDave HagenDave KrambergdavidDavid BauerDavid G.David HilsonDavid LakinDavid MyerDavid OnderDavid PalchakDavid RobertsDavid robertsonDavid SchiffrinDavid TumanDavisDawnDawn LeavydeniseDerek MartinezDestin perrinDiana HellmanDianeDiane Carlso


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Question: 'Marginalized Black Men' and the American Dream

NPR's Tavis Smiley talks to University of Michigan professor Alford Young Jr. about his new book, The Minds of Marginalized Black Men: Making Sense of Mobility, Opportunity, and Future Life Chances. The book explores how young, poor black men understand their social position and how they attempt to achieve the American Dream.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: The Weedstream Media; The Blame Game; The Grip On Germs.


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Question: Kenneth Kaunda and AIDS

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NPR's Brenda Wilson profiles former Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda who since leaving office has been campaigning for AIDS awareness.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Reporter's Roundtable

Former Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neil's kiss-and-tell comments stir up controversy. President Bush wants to promote marriage among low-income couples.  Democratic front-runners for the White House play musical chairs as the Iowa caucuses approach. And presidential contender Carol Mosley Braun backs out and endorses Howard Dean. NPR's Tony Cox takes on these top news headlines with Gary Dauphin, editor-in-chief of Africana.com, and Laura Washington, columnist with The Chicago Sun-Times.

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Loose Change, What's Hot Right Now, and A Popularity Contest.


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Question: Results In Georgia Election Trickle In As GOP Looks To Avoid Political Headache

Republicans are trying to prevent a political tremor from happening Tuesday night just north of Atlanta that would be a blow to President Trump and a boon to the rising Democratic opposition to him. Polls have closed in a closely watched Georgia special election that Democrats have tried to turn into a referendum on Trump. If Democrat Jon Ossoff is able to top 50 percent in Tuesday's all-party primary featuring 18 candidates, he'll win outright here. As results trickle in, it's looking close. Ossoff's victory was thought impossible months ago. This is a district, after all, that was held for two decades by former Republican House Speaker Newt Gingrich and for the past 12 years by Tom Price, an anti-Obamacare champion, who vacated the seat when he was appointed as Trump's Health and Human Services secretary. While an outright Ossoff win Tuesday night still remains improbable, it's no longer thought to be impossible. Still, given the Republican leanings of this district, and a strong push from GOP outside groups, an outright win Tuesday might be Ossoff's best chance at winning the seat. "I'm very concerned," said Tom Boyle, a 76-year-old retiree from Roswell, Ga., as he was making calls at a Republican phone bank on Monday afternoon. The stakes are high for both parties. If Republicans lose, it would send a warning signal to the Trump White House ahead of next year's midterms, as Republicans look to hold onto control of Congress — and Trump's agenda. But if Democrats can't win, either now or in a June runoff, given all the money and resources poured into the contest, it will raise questions about their ability to compete in the types of districts they'll need to win back the House, beginning with one like this in Georgia. "A chance to make a statement" Ossoff, a 30-year-old documentary filmmaker and former Capitol Hill aide, has raised eye-popping amounts of money (much of it from outside the state) and captured national attention. "The eyes of the whole country are on us right now," Ossoff told volunteers gathered Saturday evening to canvass at his Chamblee campaign office. "The eyes of the world are on us right now. We are the first up to bat in the country with a chance to make a statement about what we stand for." Sensing opportunity, Democrats have poured in resources — and the race has drawn celebrity attention. Actor Samuel L. Jackson, for example, cut a radio ad supporting Ossoff, warning, "Remember what happened the last time people stayed home — we got stuck with Trump." Actress Alyssa Milano helped drive early voters to the polls. The Democratic congressional hopeful didn't mention the president by name in addressing his supporters, and some of his ads don't either. In fact, some of them don't mention his party affiliation at all and tick off some downright Republican-sounding ideas, such as cutting spending, boosting infrastructure and attracting more local tech jobs. Some of his ads do take explicit aim at Trump though, with one trolling him for his rabid tweeting habit and another where he promises to hold the president accountable. In a brief interview with NPR after an afternoon canvass launch Saturday, Ossoff admitted that the race had somewhat taken on a life of its own, but he continued to stress many of the local issues at the core of his economic message. He maintained he can win outright, but if that doesn't happen, his strategy won't change. "A win on Tuesday is certainly within reach, and special elections are always unpredictable," Ossoff said. "If we don't clear 50, we'll be able to fight and win in a runoff." Democrats are trying to capitalize on Trump's unpopularity, and this is one of the first chances for them to take out their frustrations with his presidency. Giving Democrats hope is that even though this is a right-leaning district, it isn't exactly Trump country. While Price was easily re-elected with more than 60 percent of the vote, Trump won the district by less than 2 points. It's indicative of the kind of place Trump struggled throughout the country — rapidly growing, diverse and well-educated suburbs, where Republicans usually do well. The president himself underscored the importance of the race — and the possible blowback a loss could have for his own political capital. He recorded a last-minute robocall against Ossoff and poked Democrats with at least four tweets in the last day about the race: The election comes on the heels of a better-than-expected finish for a Democrat in a special election in a very Republican district in Kansas last week — something Democrats hope portends well in this more moderate district. That result may have also helped to wake up Republicans, who hope that late attacks on Ossoff — tying him to the national party and pointing out the bulk of the $8.3 million he has raised has come from out of state — have at least stunted his rise in the polls. That may be why even rank-and-file Republicans here were on message, toeing the party line, in th

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Study: College Credit Card Debt Rises

A new study from college lender Sallie Mae shows that credit card debt among college students is up. USA Today reports that study shows that the average undergraduate carried more than $3,000 in credit card debt last year. That's the highest level since Sallie Mae began collecting this data in 1998.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: A Mayor's Plan to Improve the L.A. School District

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Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa has negotiated an agreement with the California legislature to allow him greater control of the fractured Los Angeles school system. But will his plan prove effective? And how much can a mayor help improve how kids learn in the sprawling school district?


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Question: Hispanic Vote May Tip The Balance In Colorado

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In Colorado, where Republicans have carried the past two presidential elections, a new poll shows Democratic Sen. Barack Obama edging rival Sen. John McCain by four percentage points.  Of the more than 1,400 likely voters surveyed for the Quinnipiac University/Wall Street Journal poll 49 percent preferred Obama, compared with 45 percent for McCain.  One reason for the Illinois senator's lead is his appeal among Colorado's Hispanic voters. The poll, released Sept. 23, showed support for Obama among this group at 68 percent to McCain's 26 percent.  Two key Hispanic politicians have been out trying to muster support in the swing state for their respective candidates. The Democratic Campaign Last Sunday afternoon, as the Denver Broncos were barely surviving the passing attack of the New Orleans Saints, a local political star returned to the ground game of political campaigning. Former Cabinet Secretary Federico Pena, Denver's first Hispanic mayor, was out knocking on doors in the working class, mostly Hispanic neighborhood he used to represent.  Pena found a startling variety of responses. At one door, there was an enthusiastic greeting; at another just barking dogs. One homeowner engrossed in watching the Broncos game told the former mayor in no uncertain terms to "f*** off." There were also many who were indifferent or caught feeling guilty because they weren't registered to vote.  Through it all, Pena retained the cheery air of a politic pro. His canvassing team helped those who weren't registered  fill out applications. They also distributed several applications for absentee ballots. Twenty percent of Colorado's population is Hispanic, and most of them typically vote Democrat. But Hispanic turnout is usually low, so the "get out the vote" effort is crucial.  And most Coloradoans are expected to vote early by mail this year, so it's vital to get out applications for mail-in ballots. Historically, that has been a Republican strong suit, but Democrats are narrowing the gap this year. In a conference room at his investment firm in downtown Denver, Pena said the major issues for Hispanics are the same as for everyone else, except for one: immigration. He says the immigration debate and immigration crackdowns have made many Latino citizens feel they have been discriminated against. "That's an issue that is slightly below the surface, but it's resonating when it comes to Barack Obama vs. Sen. McCain, because people see Sen. McCain has abandoned his position on immigration," Pena says.  "[McCain's] conversion to the right wing of the Republican party has now aligned him with the very negative rhetoric of many of the members of his party and the anti-immigrant forces. And that has gotten out to Latinos around the country, and that's why Sen. McCain is doing poorly with Latinos around the United States."  In order for Democrats to carry Colorado, Pena says, they have to win big in Denver. They also have to win or run even in the swing counties outside the city, and they have to run in the high 30s or low 40s in GOP strongholds.  "The one unknown here is voter turnout," Pena says. "Four years ago, we had a very large voter turnout in Colorado. I predict this year we will beat that record. The other unpredictable is the youth vote. We're going to have an extraordinary youth vote. We've registered many, many people under the radar screen. Those two factors have not been polled — by either the state polls or the national polls — and that's, I think, the silver lining in our campaign."  The Republican Campaign Former state Sen. Larry Trujillo, a Democratic officeholder turned Republican activist, has driven more than 100 miles from his home near Pueblo to visit the town of Monte Vista, about four hours southwest of Denver. From the motel rooms at Kelloff's Best Western Movie Manor, customers can watch a movie through the windows on a giant screen outside. But Trujillo hasn't come to see a movie. He has come to distribute yard signs and bumper stickers to a dozen Republican activists from the San Luis Valley.  Local Republicans express enthusiasm about McCain's choice of running mate, Sarah Palin, but seem frustrated by what they see as a slow start to the campaign effort in Colorado. "Where have you been?" one man asks. "Where has the McCain campaign been?" In the meeting room at Kelloff's Restaurant, with a spectacular view of the San Juan Mountains behind him, Trujillo talks to the local leaders — several of whom are Hispanic, like him. This is an old crowd. Trujillo introduces Rudolfo Silver Jaramillo, a retired county school supervisor who was a pilot in World War II. "As a World War II veteran, and seeing what a concentration camp was all about in Weimar, Germany, and knowing what the next president, McCain, went through, makes me say that every veteran in the United States is committed to voting for him for what he went through for his country," Jaramillo says.  There are Colorado veterans who are vehemently opposed


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Question: Yeltsin & The Charter

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NPR's Andy Bowers reports on reaction to today's signing from Moscow. President Yeltsin and his aides have been working hard to sell the agreement. However, there seems to be a descrepancy between what's in the agreement and what Yeltsin is telling Russians. Opinion in Moscow is split: some analysts contend it will increase the chances of confrontation between Russia and Europe; other analysts believe the new agreement will help Russia learn to deal with the West.

Stories: 1) In a Morrocco Town, a Cradle for Killers 2) Plowing Under 'The Perfect Crop' in Afghanistan 3) Dewey Redman Revisited


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Question: Biography Offers New Glimpses Of Jane Austen

It has been almost 200 years since Jane Austen's death but her books remain some of the most widely read in English literature. Claire Harman, author of the book Jane's Fame, about Austen's life, discusses her popularity.

Stories: 1) Michael Beschloss: Critical Moments, Critical Choices 2) Lesbian Activist, Pioneering Journalist Del Martin 3) 'Trouble The Water' Captures Katrina On Camcorder


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Question: Rodney Crowell On World Cafe

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Rodney Crowell has been called Nashville's "golden boy" and "the songwriter's songwriter." As such, his work is often associated with country music, but much of what he has written over the years could be categorized as rock, folk, swing or bluegrass. Crowell made a name for himself as a guitarist and singer in Emmylou Harris's Hot Band during the late 1970s, but that was only the beginning. Since that time, he's released 13 albums, most recently 2008's Sex and Gasoline. Crowell also recently put his gift for words to paper, and released the memoir Chinaberry Sidewalks. It's gritty and full of Crowell's childhood experiences. Crowell tells some of those stories and performs two songs live in this edition of World Cafe.

Stories: 1) Merle Haggard Reflects On His Outlaw Country Past 2) George Jones: A Wild Reputation, A Big Texas Sound 3) Bobby Braddock: Spelling Success With Country Songs


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E.g. ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Maybe You Should Skip That Annual Physical'] == ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr:', 'It\'s a warm afternoon in Miami, and 35-year-old Emanuel Vega has come to Baptist Health Primary Care for a physical exam. Dr. Mark Caruso shakes his hand with a welcoming smile. Vega, a strapping man with a thick black beard, is feeling good, but he came to see the doctor today because his wife thought he should. She even made the appointment. It is free to him under his insurance policy with no copay, as most preventive care is under the Affordable Care Act. Vega is one of more than 44 million Americans who is taking part in a medical ritual — visiting the doctor for an annual physical exam. But there\'s little evidence that these visits actually do any good for healthy adults. Caruso listens to Vega\'s heart and lungs, checks his pulse in his ankles and feels around his lymph nodes. He also asks Vega about his exercise and sleeping schedule and orders blood and urine tests. If everything checks out all right, Caruso says, Vega should return for another exam in a year. Vega says he definitely will. It was a positive experience for both doctor and patient. But many other doctors think the annual physical is unnecessary and can even be harmful. "I would argue that we should move forward with the elimination of the annual physical," says Dr. Ateev Mehrotra, a primary care physician and professor of health policy at Harvard Medical School. Patients should really only go to the doctor if something is wrong, Mehrotra says, or if it\'s time to have an important preventive test like a colonoscopy. He realizes popular opinion is against this view. "When I, as a doctor, say I do not advocate for the annual physical, I feel like I\'m attacking moms and apple pie," Mehrotra says. "It seems so intuitive and straightforward, and [it\'s] something that\'s been part of medicine for such a long time." But he says randomized trials going all the way back to the 1980s just don\'t support it. The Society for General Internal Medicine even put annual physicals on a list of things doctors should avoid completely for healthy adults. One problem, Mehrotra says, is the cost. Each visit usually costs insurers just $150, but with so many people getting them, that adds up fast. "We estimate that it\'s about $10 billion a year, which is more than we spend as a society on breast cancer care," Mehrotra says. "It\'s a lot of money." Then there\'s the risk that a doctor will run a test and find a problem that\'s not actually there. It\'s called a false positive, and it can lead to a cascade of follow-up tests that can be expensive and could cause real harm. Dr. Michael Rothberg is another primary care physician and a health researcher at the Cleveland Clinic. He tries to avoid giving physicals. "I generally don\'t like to frighten people, and I don\'t like to give them diseases they don\'t have," Rothberg says. "I mostly tell my family, if you\'re feeling well, stay away from doctors. If you get near them, they\'ll start to look for things and order tests because that\'s what doctors do." Back in Miami, Caruso is also well versed in the research on annual physicals, but he still believes in them. "I think having a look at somebody is worth its weight in gold," he says. It\'s an important part of developing a relationship with a patient, he says, and there have been countless times over his career when he\'s found real problems during an exam just like the one he gave to Emanuel Vega. "What if Mr. Vega had had a lump or bump that wasn\'t right?" Caruso says. "What if when he had his shirt off Mr. Vega said, \'Oh yeah, I forgot to mention this spot on my chest,\' and it ended up being a melanoma we discovered early?" And Vega did end up needing a little help; he has a bad back that\'s landed him in the emergency room several times. Caruso was able to link him up with a back specialist to help him manage the problem. RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:  Today in Your Health, two questions about when one should seek medical care. In a moment - why many women don\'t seek help during a heart attack. First, a medical ritual for millions of Americans - the annual physical, yearly prodding and poking with questions about exercise and alcohol intake. There is little evidence to show these checkups do any good for healthy adults, and they may be worth skipping altogether, as Jenny Gold reports. JENNY GOLD, BYLINE: It\'s a warm afternoon in Miami, and 35-year-old Emanuel Vega has come to Baptist Health Primary Care for a physical exam. He\'s a handsome and strapping guy with a thick, black beard and square glasses. Dr. Mark Caruso shakes his hand with a welcoming smile. MARK CARUSO: Mr. Vega, I\'m Dr. Caruso, a pleasure to meet you. EMANUEL VEGA: Very nice to meet you. CARUSO: And when was your last full diagnostic? VEGA: Wow, I don\'t even remember - probably 12-13 years ago. GOLD: He says he didn\'t really feel like he needed to come in. VEGA: I am feeling good. I don\'t do drugs. I don\'t drink. My wife went ahead and made the appointment, and I was all about it. GOLD: Especially because it\'s'] != ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr!', "Good Friday morning, here are our early headlines: Kerry Warns North Korea, But Holds Out Hope For Diplomacy.  Dodgers' $147 Million Ace Greinke Breaks Collarbone In Brawl.  And here are more early headlines: Deadly Spring Storm Exits Midwest, Heads South. (AP) Authorities Intercept Suspicious Package Addressed To Controversial Arizona Sheriff. (Arizona Republic) Bankruptcy Judge Rejects $20 Million Severance For American Airlines CEO. (Dallas Morning News) NASDAQ Cuts Its CEO's Bonus Over Bungled Facebook IPO. (Reuters) Venezuelans To Vote On Sunday For Chavez Successor. (Bloomberg) Bailed Out Cyprus To Ask For Fresh Financial Help. (BBC) Early American Christian Hymnal Could Fetch $30 Million At Auction. (Christian Post) Seaweed Latte, Bacon Coffee Featured At National Barista Competition. (CBS) At Masters Tournament, 14-Year-Old Golfer Plays Beyond His Years. (ESPN)"]

Question: Like 007 Himself, James Bond Movie Posters Live To See Another Day

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There is something deliciously enticing about the advance poster for the 1962 movie Dr. No. It featured a bright yellow Technicolor background, lipstick, a gun and the numeral 007 — all teasing the audience about what was to come. "The First James Bond Film!" (Their exclamation point, not mine.) It was part of a campaign that launched the celluloid franchise that today, half a century later, is still one of the biggest draws of the big screen. In the new book, James Bond: 50 Years of Movie Posters, production designer Dennis Gassner (currently working on the newest Bond movie, Skyfall) posits that the key role of a movie poster is to describe the "essence of the film." In this lavish coffee-table book, we get to see the essence of James Bond movies as defined by their posters around the globe and across the decades. In this age of Facebook, YouTube and Twitter, when movie trailers are available at the swipe of a smartphone, it is hard to imagine a time when movie posters were, a) so important, and b) highly tailored for particular markets. But what is clear about the Bond franchise is that as the movies gained popularity, some uniform design elements became key, and the essence of Bond had a universal language. By just the second Bond movie, From Russia with Love, we see the emergence of a "global" design as befits the globalizing of the brand. The suave pose once more, Connery staring confidently out of the poster, tuxedo-clad and gun in hand; a sultry belly dancer; a glamorous locale — Istanbul — and, of course, the seductive temptress that Bond will not be able to resist. From the U.K. to France and Italy, Sweden to Greece and West Germany, the universal language of Bond was spoken by these images transforming him from an action-movie hero to an iconic brand. These posters use glamour, action, exotic travel and, of course, sex to sell the Bond franchise. But what is particularly interesting about this book is how it celebrates the art of the movie poster. In the 1960s, movie posters literally were art, painted by renowned artists from around the world (Dr. No), a skill lost now except perhaps in India. Montage styling married cutout photographic images with art (Licence to Kill). And in 2008, promotions included the simplest of photos (Quantam of Solace). The evolution of these posters reflects the evolution of the film Bond, from cartoonish escapism, exemplified by Roger Moore's tenure as Bond, to the hardened, complex Bond of Daniel Craig. This book takes us on a walk through the history of movie posters over the past half-century with one of cinema's most enduring brands.

Stories: 1) Chuck Close Celebrated in Dance and Print 2) Dominating the '60s Charts: A Motown Profile 3) Richard Gere Plays on 4) When the Devil You Know Turns Out to be Family


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Question: Nanotechnology Research and Development

Guest: Irfan Ahmad, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the University of Illinois; Mark A. Shannon, Director of the Center of Advanced Materials for Purification of Water With Systems Center; Dietram A. Scheufele, Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Life Sciences Communication at the University of Wisconsin

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Why free security software is your best bet

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Rob Pegoraro of the Washington Post says a patchwork quilt of free and cheap security software probably beats any expensive suite from the likes of Symantec, McAfee and Trend Micro.

A bug called Heartbleed has revealed a hole in one of the most popular encryption programs online. Tech professionals are working on other ways to protect your data beside needing a password.