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Question: UAW Contract with Chrysler May Be in Trouble

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A proposed contract between Chrysler and the United Auto Workers could be in jeopardy. Workers in several large assembly plants have already voted against the four-year deal. The union is about halfway through the balloting, and the vote is too close to call right now.

Good morning, here are our top stories: For Obama, Vindication, Not A Mandate. World Reacts To Obama's Reelection. Republicans Keep The House; Democrats To Retain Senate. And here are other morning headlines: Powerful Winter Storm Aims For Region Affected By Superstorm Sandy. (National Weather Service) Syrian Rebels Try To Bomb Assad's Palace But Miss Their Target. (Reuters) E-U Warns Europe Will See Deep Recession In 2013, Growing Unemployment. (Wall Street Journal) Suzuki Motors Will Leave The U.S. Car Market, Will Still Offer Motorcycles. (Bloomberg) Pro Hockey Owners And Players Will Continue Secret Contract Bargaining Talks Today In Secret Location. (CBC) Gunman In Fresno, Calif. Processing Plant Kills Two, Wounds Two Before Killing Himself. (AP) Two Whales Found Dead On New Zealand Beach Are Rare Species, Almost Unseen By Humans. (Los Angeles Times)


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The query could be '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details!', "Ancient Plague's DNA Revived From A 1,500-Year-Old Tooth"]' and should be close to '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details:', 'Scientists have reconstructed the genetic code of a strain of bacteria that caused one of the most deadly pandemics in history nearly 1,500 years ago. They did it by finding the skeletons of people killed by the plague and extracting DNA from traces of blood inside their teeth. This plague struck in the year 541, under the reign of the Roman emperor Justinian, so it\'s usually called the Justinian plague. The emperor actually got sick himself but recovered. He was one of the lucky ones. "Some of the estimates are that up to 50 million people died," says evolutionary biologist David Wagner at Northern Arizona University. "It\'s thought that the Justinian plague actually led partially to the downfall of the Roman Empire." The plague swept through Europe, northern Africa and parts of Asia. Historians say that when it arrived in Constantinople, thousands of bodies piled up in mass graves. People started wearing name tags so they could be identified if they suddenly collapsed. Given the descriptions, scientists suspected that it was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis — the same kind of microbe that later caused Europe\'s Black Death in the 14th century. The bacteria get spread by fleas. After someone gets infected from a flea bite, the microbes travel to the nearest lymph node and start multiplying. "And so you get this mass swelling in that lymph node, which is known as a buboe," says Wagner. "That\'s where the term bubonic plague comes from." The Justinian plague has been hard to study scientifically. But recently, archaeologists stumbled upon a clue outside Munich. Housing developers were digging up farmland when they uncovered a burial site with graves that dated as far back as the Justinian plague. "They found some [graves] that had multiple individuals buried together, which is oftentimes indicative of an infectious disease," Wagner says. "And so in this particular case, we examined material from two different victims. One of those victims was buried together with another adult and a child, so it\'s presumed that they all may have died of the plague at the same time." Skeletons were all that was left of the pair. But inside their teeth was dental pulp that still contained traces of blood — and the blood contained the DNA of plague bacteria. By decoding the bacteria\'s DNA, Wagner and a team of international scientists could trace the pathogen\'s evolutionary journey. They think the strain of bacteria that caused the Justinian plague jumped from rodents into humans and then died out, the team wrote Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases. The later emergence of Black Death seems to have been caused by a separate event. The DNA also suggests that, like Black Death, the original source of the plague was in China, says microbiologist Paul Keim, another member of the research team at Northern Arizona University. "So the ecological reservoir for plague, the historical reservoir, is in China," Keim says. "And it\'s this emergence, this pattern over and over again, with people moving commodities, rats and fleas around the world that we\'re able to document." Overall, this ancient strain is not that different from modern ones that still circulate in places like Arizona, says Keim. "The biology of the pathogen no doubt could cause another pandemic if it weren\'t for the changes in human culture and medicine," Keim says. These days, though, antibiotics can quickly stop plague outbreaks in their tracks. STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:  When people hear the words bubonic plague, they usually think of the Black Death, the epidemic that hit Europe in the 14th century. You learn about this in school. But the first recorded plague pandemic actually happened 800 years earlier, during the days of the Roman Empire. NPR\'s Nell Greenfieldboyce reports that scientists have now recovered the entire genetic code of the bacteria responsible for that ancient pandemic. NELL GREENFIELDBOYCE, BYLINE: This plague struck in the year 541, when the Roman emperor was named Justinian, so it\'s usually called the Justinian Plague. He actually got sick himself, but recovered. He was one of the lucky ones. DAVID WAGNER: Some of the estimates are that up to 50 million people died. GREENFIELDBOYCE: David Wagner is an expert on microbial genetics at Northern Arizona University. He says the plague swept through Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia. And it\'s thought that the Justinian plague actually led partially to the downfall of the Roman Empire. Contemporary accounts of this plague made scientists suspect it was caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis, the same kind of microbe that later caused Europe\'s Black Death. The bacteria gets spread by fleas. After someone gets infected from a flea bite, the bacteria travel to the nearest lymph node and start multiplying. WAGNER: And so you get this mass swelling in that lymph node, which is known as a buboe. That\'s where the term bubonic plague comes from. GREENFIELDBOYCE: The Justinian plague has been h']' but very far from '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Jordan Strikes At ISIS; Obama Said To Be Preparing To Request War Powers. -- Pilots Of Doomed Taipei Flight Faced Problems With Both Engines. And here are more early headlines: French, German Leaders To Fly To Moscow To Discuss Ukraine. (Telegraph) Heavy "Pineapple Express" Storm To Hit West Coast. (Los Angeles Times) IMF Officials Offer $100 Million In Debt Relief To 3 Ebola-Hit Countries. (Guardian) Australian Prime Minister Faces Internal Leadership Challenge. (New York Times) Kansas Governor Will Reduce Education Spending To Close Budget Gap. (Kansas City Star) Virus Kills A Fourth Giant Panda At Chinese Rescue Center. (South China Morning Post) Canal Builders In Nicaragua Discover 15,000 Ancient Relics. (AP) Obituary Jokes That Seahawks\' Superbowl Loss Led To Man\'s Death. (Time)']'

Question: The Hiders: Rock With A Slow Burn

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The Hiders' frontman, Bill Alletzhauser, describes his band's style as "Gillian Welch meets Black Sabbath." Others call it "slow-burn Americana." No matter the label, the group continues to make jazz- and blues-infused folk music that's won it many fans in the indie-rock world.  The Cincinnati band's sophomore album, Penny Harvest Field, is an intriguing Americana mix, but with a heavier-than-usual emphasis on rock and psychedelia. It echoes with the influences of Neil Young, Emmylou Harris, Tom Petty, Son Volt and Elliott Smith. In a session with host David Dye, Alletzhauser describes the "bat cave," his basement studio where the band rehearses.

Stories: 1) 'Headmaster' Has Still Got Plenty of Soul 2) Sarah Johns' 'Big Love in a Small Town'


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Patagonia's Marine Menagerie, Part 2

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In the second of a two-part Radio Expeditions series, NPR's Christopher Joyce visits Patagonia, Argentina, to see how the region's animals are faring in their competition with humans.

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Stories: 1) The Surprisingly Social Gray Whale 2) Hemingway's 'Feast' On The Move Into New Edition


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Question: Rockstars Urge African Aid

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As world leaders descend on New York for the annual talk fest known as the UN General Assembly, some celebrities are joining them to promote their cause. Take for instance Irish rockers Bob Geldof and Bono. They are working the crowds to promote more aid and investment in Africa and call themselves "the Mutt and Jeff show". Bono is also taking the time to meet Republican Vice Presidential hopeful Sarah Palin. He told NPR, "we are meeting wearing my ONE campaign hat. We are asking both parties not to play politics with the poorest of the poor." Geldof said they are "wholly bipartisan", though he quickly pointed out that he thinks all politicians are wankers. Geldof said he would shake hands with "the devil on the left and the devil on the right to get to the people you need to get to." A spokesman for the ONE Campaign, which promotes development aid, said only Bono, not Geldof, would be meeting with Palin. The two musicians also spoke at the European Commission's office, where they backed EU Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso's efforts to take unused European farm subsidies to buy seeds and fertilizers for African farmers. Bono said, "these African farmers who are just scratching in the dirt, with no fertilizer, with no seeds to plant, are in a chronic state while European farmers, who of course, have solidarity with African farmers, know that there's surplus that's there for them when the bottom falls out of the European market." The U2 lead singer warned, "This is the planting season ... so we have to act fast."

San Diego Schools Reopen. Electoral Initiative. End Music.


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Question: El Chapo's Arrest Punctures Drug Lord's Near-Mythical Status

One of the world's most powerful drug lords has been captured. Mexico's head of the Sinaloa drug cartel, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, was arrested in an operation that Mexican officials say involved the cooperation of U.S. authorities. Guzman has been on the run for years and his capture puts an end to one of the longest and most profitable careers in the drug world. That capture began as the sun rose up over the hotel-lined beaches of Mazatlan early Saturday morning. Marine special forces moved in on a condo complex in the heart of the pacific resort city and captured Mexico's most wanted criminal. Guzman was arrested along with a female collaborator. According to authorities, not one shot was fired. Nine hours later, the arrest was officially announced. Speaking to reporters at Mexico City Airport's Marine base, Attorney General Jesus Murillo Karam said doctors and federal investigators wanted to confirm Guzman's identity first, to be 100-percent certain they got the right guy. Such caution is understandable given the mythical status Guzman has gained. He eluded capture for more than a decade. Thirteen years ago, imprisoned and nearing extradition to the U.S., Guzman escaped a maximum security prison by hiding in a laundry bin. Sightings of him are frequently reported, and his operation is said to be active in four continents, including Africa, Europe and Australia, with annual profits of more than $3 billion a year. That's plenty of money to bribe officials and build a security detail that has long left him several steps ahead of arresting authorities. Guzman's trafficking network extends to hundreds of U.S. cities and in at least eight, he is named in federal indictments. Last year, Chicago's Crime Commission labeled him Public Enemy Number One. It was last weekend when Mexican marines began to close in on the drug lord, Karam said. Unfortunately, Guzman was able to escape through a complex series of tunnels connecting as many as seven safe houses. The doors in some of the houses were made out of steel, and Karam says in the time it took the Marines to knock them down, Guzman slipped away through the tunnels. Out of concern for local residents, Karam says, forces waited several days for the best opportunity before making the arrest. President Enrique Pena Nieto, who has been in office for 14 months and has routinely downplayed drug violence in the country, is not one to parade captured drug traffickers in public. But given Guzman's status — and that the last picture seen of him was taken 13 years ago — Guzman got a grand perp walk. Immediately following the press conference, two camouflaged army soldiers marched Guzman — one with his hand clutching the back of the drug trafficker's neck — past reporters and live TV cameras to an awaiting helicopter. His hair was dyed jet black and he wore a bushy mustache. George Grayson, an expert on Mexico's cartels, said the arrest was a big success for the Pena Nieto administration, but will unlikely damage the powerful trafficking organization. "The takedown of El Chapo is a thorn in the side, but not a dagger in the heart of the Sinaloa Cartel," he says. Guzman's second-in-command, Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada is expected to seamlessly take over without contention from lower lieutenants. In the central park of the Sinaloa capital of Culiacan, however, residents are bracing for violence. Amado, a 53-year old shoe-shiner who would only give his first name, says he's been listening to clients all day worrying about what was going to happen if rival drug cartels come in and take over Sinaloa. El Chapo is feared here, Amado says, but at least he kept Sinaloa relatively peaceful all these years. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:  This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Rachel Martin. One of the world's most powerful drug lords has been captured in Mexico. The head of the Sinaloa drug cartel, Joaquin Chapo Guzman, was arrested early Saturday morning. He's known as El Chapo or Shorty and has one of the longest and most profitable careers in the drug world. He's been on the run for years, and according to Mexican officials, U.S. authorities aided in the operation. NPR's Carrie Kahn reports. CARRIE KAHN, BYLINE: As the sun rose up over the hotel-lined beaches of Mazatlan, marine special forces moved in on a condo complex in the heart of the pacific resort city and captured Mexico's most wanted criminal. Chapo Guzman was arrested along with a female collaborator and, according to authorities, not one shot was fired. However it would be another nine hours before the arrest was officially announced. JESUS MURILLIO KARAM: (Foreign language spoken) KAHN: Speaking to reporters at the Mexico cities' airport marine base, Attorney General Jesus Murillio Karam said doctors and federal investigators wanted to confirm Guzman's identity first. They are a hundred percent certain they got the right guy. Such caution is understandable given the mythical status Guzman has gained here. He eluded capture for

It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: Katie Beckett: Patient Turned Home-Care Advocate

It started with a 3-year-old girl in a hospital and the president who was angered when he learned that federal rules prevented her from going home. The president was Ronald Reagan. The girl, Katie Beckett, had contracted viral encephalitis, a brain infection, when she was just five months old. She'd gone into a coma for ten days, and when she came out she suffered a paralysis that left her unable to breathe without the help of a ventilator most of the day. After more than two years living in St. Luke's Methodist Hospital in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, the family reached the limit of what its private insurance would pay for Katie's care. Medicaid, the state and federal health insurance for the needy, started picking up the cost of that expensive breathing machine and other care. But Medicaid would pay only as long as the little girl lived in the pediatric intensive care unit at the hospital. Beckett's parents, Julie and Mark, said they wanted their daughter at home. The girl's doctors agreed, saying she needed to grow up in a more normal environment than a hospital room. Presidential Intervention At first, federal officials refused to make an exception. But then Reagan was told about the family. A few days later at a press conference on Nov. 10, 1981, Reagan expressed his anger at what he called an example of a cold bureaucracy. It cost six times as much for the girl to live in the hospital, the president said, and "this spending most of her life there and away from the home atmosphere is detrimental to her." He added, "Now, by what sense do we have a regulation in government that says we'll pay $6,000 a month to keep someone in a hospital that we believe would be better off at home, but the family cannot afford one-sixth that amount to keep them at home?" President Reagan changed the Medicaid rules and Katie Beckett left that Iowa hospital and went home in time for Christmas. Shortly after, the government allowed exceptions in other states so that parents like the Becketts, who made too much money to qualify for Medicaid, could be covered for their children with extreme medical costs. At the time it was thought there were no more than 100 or 200 children in similar situations around the country. But that turned out to be an underestimate. In the three decades since, more than a half million children have received waivers -- now often called "the Katie Beckett waiver" -- to get their care at home. When Katie Beckett moved home, the assumption was that government was extending kindness to the family of a child who wasn't expected to live for very long. "People didn't talk about her in that period of time like she'd survive tomorrow," says Julie Beckett, the Katie's mother. But technology improved and children turned out to be healthier in their own homes. (This was not a surprise: Katie's doctors had also argued that she was better off at home because a hospital is full of sick people and it's easy to pick up an infection while there.) Advocating For Home Care Last month, Katie and Julie were in Washington, D.C., for a celebration of the 75th anniversary of a provision of the original Social Security Act that set up federal programs to promote maternal and child health. Katie, now 32, spoke to an audience of children's advocates. She was introduced by Donald Berwick, the head of Medicare and Medicaid, and spoke right after White House senior adviser Valerie Jarrett. "Just because you reach a certain age does not mean that you are miraculously cured of all the things you have endured," she told the crowd, arguing for an expansion of home and community based care so that people with disabilities have more options to live outside of nursing homes and institutions. Katie, and particularly her mother Julie, have become advocates for disabled children, crossing the country to argue for the need for states to spend more on programs that allow people to live in their own homes. Sometimes, back home in Iowa, someone will recognize her as the little girl in the hospital who got national news attention 29 years ago. But Katie says she doesn't enjoy the limelight. She's more comfortable, she says, when she's anonymous, like when she's by herself reading in her favorite bookstore back home in Cedar Rapids. "I'm the girl they see drinking a latte at Barnes & Noble," she says. "I'm not the girl from the newspaper or from the television station." Katie still relies upon nurses who, for an hour every night, give her treatments. She still needs the ventilator to breathe, up to 15 hours a day. She's taking classes at a local community college in counseling. But what she really wants to do is write children's literature. She's taking a writing class, too, and hoping to sign up for a graduate program in fine arts next year. It's a pretty normal life, she says. She wants the same things as other 32-year-olds. "Living at home," she told her audience in Washington, "is where we learn to be a part of the larger picture of life."

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.\nIt¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]']>>  to "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details.', 'Fat Tuesday, California Style']"

Stories: 1) Michael Beschloss: Critical Moments, Critical Choices 2) Lesbian Activist, Pioneering Journalist Del Martin 3) 'Trouble The Water' Captures Katrina On Camcorder


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

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Labor Day has come and gone, and that means the pool is closed. The summer is over. No more takin' it easy. And so it's time to focus on the important things in life. Such as this week's ScuttleButton puzzle. Just don't forget how to play. Simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) And don't focus on a political answer. It doesn't necessarily have to be political, though it could be. A correct answer chosen at random gets his or her name in this column. Personally, I can't imagine a greater honor. You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state -- you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. Here's the answer to last week's puzzle. And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be the first on your block to receive notice when a new puzzle goes up on the blog. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck, and happy Friday!

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Seattle Steps Up Efforts To Nab Plant Thieves

A series of thefts has left the city of Seattle reeling. One or more people have been swiping thousands of dollars worth of plants, flowers, shrubs and trees, and communities are pulling together to bust the garden grabbers.   Guy Raz hears from Marc Ramirez of the Seattle Times and Sarah Jahns, one of the theft victims. GUY RAZ, host:  One environmental crime spree not on the EPA's radar has residents in a part of Seattle fearing for their ferns and hiding their rhododendrons. A plant thief is on the loose.  (Soundbite of music)  RAZ: This week, the headline in the Seattle Times blared...  Mr. MARC RAMIREZ (Reporter, Seattle Times): Around Seattle, thieves have plundered pea patches and pilfered public parks.  RAZ: Marc Ramirez is covering the story for the paper.  Mr. RAMIREZ: There was one park in particular where $2,000 worth of plants had been swiped in the last year and half.  RAZ: But why would someone steal plants?  Mr. RAMIREZ: The thought is that if this is happening repeatedly over some time that it's likely a landscaper who is then reselling them or reusing them with their clients.  RAZ: And the good people of Seattle have had just about enough.  Mr. RAMIREZ: They haven't quite taken to the pitchforks and torches, but they're angry.  RAZ: Take the case of super sleuth and theft victim April Jahns.  Ms. APRIL JAHNS: Last year, we had a tree stolen.  RAZ: Jahns and her family live in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Seattle.  Ms. JAHNS: We thought it was kind of bizarre but chalked up to, you know, it being a one-time event. And then this summer, we planted some Daphne shrub, just two on the side of the yard.  RAZ: Those Daphne shrubs didn't last a week.  Ms. JAHNS: We were working in the yard, and my husband told me to be quiet because by the baby's room, who was sleeping inside. And then he said someone stole the plants. It took everything to not just yell at that point. So I went to the other side of the yard and I yelled.  RAZ: The thief escaped but what he didn't count on was that April Jahns had decided to take matters into her own hands. And a few weeks earlier...  (Soundbite of music)  Ms. JAHNS: Costco was having a sale.  RAZ: Costco was having a sale on security cameras.  (Soundbite of music)  A few days before the robber appeared, April Jahns trained her camera on the garden. On a grainy video, she captured footage of the thief skulking around her side yard, pulling up two Daphne shrubs.  Ms. JAHNS: We would watch the little surveillance in reverse and watch the guy put them back.  (Soundbite of laughter)  Ms. JAHNS: Wishful thinking.  RAZ: April Jahns contacted the Seattle police, who came over to review the video. She says the footage is now on its way to the prosecutor's office for review.  Again, here is Marc Ramirez of the Seattle Times.  Mr. RAMIREZ: It's doubtful so far that they can actually prosecute on the basis of the video, and how much effort they may actually put into it is in question. But the video has been posted on YouTube and so, hopefully, that alone will be a deterrent.  RAZ: The Jahns family hasn't stopped there. They've replanted their garden with a few security enhancements. They've chained their magnolia tree to the fence.  Ms. JAHNS: And then I put in a replacement Daphne. I've chained the Daphne at the base, put the chain through some heavy pottery, and then I put some barbed wire around the base of both shrubs.  RAZ: But April Jahns concedes those defensive maneuvers might not stop another theft.  Ms. JAHNS: But if he sticks his hands in there to grab the shrubs, he's going to get poked. So, little bonus for me.  (Soundbite of laughter)  RAZ: That's April Jahns, victim turned vigilante fighting to protect innocent plants in Seattle. And you can find a link to her footage of the crime at npr.org.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No End In Sight As Government Shutdown Begins. -- Obama: 'Perpetual Cycle Of Brinksmanship ... Has To End.' -- In Talk Of Shutdown, A Familiar Feeling At The White House. And here are more early headlines: Despite Government Shutdown, Obamacare Opens Enrollment Today. (Reuters) Israeli Prime Minister Visits U.N. Today, Warning Against Iran. (CBS) U.S. Diplomats Expelled From Venezuela For 'Sabotage'. (CNN) Bangladesh Sentences Opposition Leader To Death For War Crimes. (BBC) Greece Cracks Down On Far Right Party Accused Of Murder, Corruption. (Guardian) Jury Seated In Insider Trading Trial Of Dallas Mavericks Owner. (New York Times) UC Berkeley Blast May Be Linked To Underground Copper Theft. (San Jose Mercury News) Police Catch Thief Sprayed With Liquid That Glows In Ultraviolet Light. (Reuters)


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

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Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they continue their observance of the Schubert Bicentennial as Ted recommends recordings of Franz Schubert's Symphony No. 5.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Alison Brown Back in Bluegrass on 'Stolen'

Alison Brown's new solo album, Stolen Moments, is a genre-hopping take on bluegrass. A former member of Alison Krauss's Union Station, Brown won a Grammy in 2001 for her duet with Bela Fleck, "Leaving Cottondale".

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Stories: 1) John Mellencamp: A New Recording, An Old Sound 2) Marty Stuart Returns To His Roots On 'Ghost Train'


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Question: The White House, Sports And 'Jock-ocracy'

I want to weigh in on "hoops-gate."  There's been a mini-flap over President Obama's pickup basketball games and golf outings. Until recently, they've been all-male affairs. Supposedly, this is a sign the White House doesn't quite get it when it comes to women, that it's still a boys club over there.  Yes, I grasp that the optics, as communications director Anita Dunn put it, are troubling to some — so troubling that domestic policy adviser Melody Barnes was pressed into service for a recent golf outing. She was breaking the greens ceiling, as it were. Or the divot dam, or whatever you want to call it.  Can I just tell you? Whatever is just how I feel about this.  Karen Hughes and Condoleezza Rice were, undeniably, two of President Bush's closest friends and advisers. Their views were as integral as anyone's to that administration, and they certainly had plenty of face time with the president — on the campaign trail and later at Camp David, and at the Crawford ranch. So they had as much opportunity to influence the Bush administration as anyone. And, thus, the Bush administration's record — whatever one's opinion of it — is theirs, too.  So to those who argue that just having women in close proximity inherently changes policy in one direction or another, I would give you Exhibits H and R. It's the policy and the ideology that matter.  I do recognize that informal get-togethers do feel like a big deal to people working in or with a tightly knit organization.  I'll make a confession. I was once asked to go jogging with the first President Bush, George H.W., when I was covering that White House for The Wall Street Journal. (I used to be a consistent runner on campaign and White House trips, and this was noticed.)  But I begged off the invitation, saying I was too busy and hadn't brought my gear that day.  But that wasn't true.  The truth is my knees had started to deteriorate and I was, in fact, worried about not being able to keep up with the buff Secret Service agents — and, for that matter, letting down the sisterhood.  And after that, yes, I did wonder, every time I got passed over for a question at a press conference, if I would have been called on if I had hobbled through that run.  But now I think that this obsession with including women in Obama's every waking moment, including his sports outings, just perpetuates a different bias — the bias of a "jock-ocracy," where facility with sports somehow has some relevance to how well you do your job. Unless you're a personal trainer I don't see how it does. It also perpetuates this notion that the key to women's success is just to do whatever men do as well or better; to play their games, as it were, instead of demanding respect and appreciation for whatever it is women do well.  Who says the most valuable people in this or any administration are the people who can sink a three or drive 250 from the tee? Let me get back to those creaky knees. One reason I bet that more women Obama's age don't play basketball is that female basketball players are four times more likely to experience ACL injuries than their male counterparts (this according to a 1995 study in The American Journal of Sports Medicine). Nobody really knows why this is, but it would be helpful to find out, and if folks are going to get agitated about something I'd prefer it be that.  And as for the golf, let me tell you what most of the women who put in the kinds of hours [as] those women in the White House are doing on the weekends if they have kids, as many of them do: They are planning their kids' birthday parties, checking on college applications and running around to their kids' soccer and cheerleading competitions.  They do not have six hours to spend chasing a little white ball around a giant lawn so they can impress their boss.  Yes, some do. But again, this obsession with making sure women are included in Obama's off-hours golf games just advantages one particular kind of woman over another — a woman who has time to learn, practice and play this expensive and time-consuming sport. It does nothing to address the very real fact that women tend to be in their prime working years, just like men are, at the same time they are in their prime parenting or caregiving years. And the burdens of parenting and caregiving, in general — from the physical demands to the psychic ones — still fall disproportionately on women.   More important to me than who Obama plays games with is that he is exposed to and thinking hard about issues like that. The kinds of issues all different kinds of women and many men care about — both those who can sink a three and those who cannot and might not even want to.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "No Thrill On The Hill," "Salesman-In-Chief," "Fly Nervous Like The Rest Of Us."


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Question: Commentator Frederick Starr

Commentator Frederick Starr reflects on the decision of the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games to rescind its invitation to a band from Rome, Georgia once they discovered the Romans planned to play potentially offensive music: brass pieces from the Civil War period.

Guest host  Melinda Penkava reads from your letters.


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: Coming Right Up: A Tall Glass of Refreshing, [Anesthetizing ?] Water

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The AP reports that "a vast array of pharmaceuticals -- including antibiotics, anti-convulsants, mood stabilizers and sex hormones -- have been found in the drinking water supplies of at least 41 million Americans." If you live in the Passaic Valley, you're probably ingesting some carbamazepine. Who knew that there was estrogen and a mood stabilizer in New York City's famous tap water? (I didn't). The fine print on this story: scientists say that there are only trace amounts of pharmaceuticals. "Trace" is a fancy science term for "very, very, very, very, very small." (It might even be smaller than that). Still, it does make you pause. Doesn't it? So, as Mike Nizza, of The Lede, asked, "There Are Drugs in Drinking Water. Now What?" Well, we'll try to answer that question today. Joan Rose, a water researcher at Michigan State University, will explain the AP report and put us at ease. We hope. If you have questions for her, leave 'em here.

Stories: 1) Do You See What I See? A Scientist's Journey Into 3-D 2) Dr. John: Righteous Anger, Graced By Wit 3) Clunky Characters, Cancer Characterize 'Big C'


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Question: United Nations to Probe Myanmar Abuses

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A United Nations envoy is in the former Burma today to investigate alleged abuses in September's crackdown on democracy protests.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Among La. Flood Victims, 'Depression Levels Are Really High'. -- Magnitude 6.2 Earthquake In Central Italy Reportedly Kills Dozens. And here are more early headlines: Turkey Sends Tanks, Fighter Jets Into Northern Syria. (BBC) Biden Visiting Turkey As Anti-ISIS Offensive Begins. (VOA) North Korea Test Fires New Ballistic Missile Into Sea Of Japan. (CNN) Deadly New Bombings In Thailand. (Sydney Morning Herald) Monsoons Trigger Deadly Flooding, Evacuations In India. (Weather.com) Bergdahl Lawyers Claim Sen. McCain's Comments Hurt Case. (USA Today) Former U.N. Leader Annan To Advise Myanmar On Status Of Rohingyas. (AFP)


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

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"['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'The Ebola virus first emerged in 1976, striking fear with the uncontrollable bleeding it causes and mortality rates up to 90 percent. Ever since then, scientists have been struggling to find a way to treat the infection or protect against it. There has been progress, but nothing quite like the report in the May 28 issue of the scientific journal The Lancet. A team led by Thomas Geisbert of Boston University has used an experimental drug to protect monkeys from death after injecting them with massive doses of the most lethal strain of Ebola. "We were stunned," Geisbert says. "I\'ve been working with this virus for my whole career -- 23 or 24 years -- and we\'ve had some mild successes where maybe we could go up to 50 percent protection," he said. "But I was really shocked that we got complete protection." Virologist Heinz Feldmann of the National Institute on Allergies and Infectious Diseases, who often collaborates with Geisbert but was not involved in this work, called the results "a milestone" -- and not just for treatment of Ebola. "I think this will most likely also work for other related viral hemorrhagic fevers," Feldmann said, such as Marburg, Lassa and Crimean-Congo fever. All are deadly to one degree or another and cause outbreaks in Africa and elsewhere. Monkey Experiments The drug that Geisbert\'s team devised, in collaboration with a British Columbia biotech company called Tekmira Pharmaceuticals, is a departure from other anti-Ebola measures. It contains snippets of RNA derived from three of the virus\' seven genes. That "payload" is packaged in protective packets of nucleic acid and fat molecules. These little stealth missiles attach to the Ebola virus\' replication machinery, "silencing" the genes from which they were derived. That prevents the virus from making more viruses. The drug worked in rodents, but rodents aren\'t a good indicator of how Ebola infections work in primates, such as humans. For that, researchers need nonhuman primates. The Geisbert team did two sets of monkey experiments to test the novel drug. First, they injected four macaques with super-lethal doses of the Zaire strain of Ebola -- the deadliest. They gave something like 30,000 times more virus than was needed to kill the animals, to set the severest test for the experimental drug. Then, 30 minutes later, they injected three of the monkeys with the drug. They repeated the dose the next day and again on days three and five after the Ebola infection. Two out of the three monkeys survived with only mild Ebola symptoms. The third one died, as did a control animal that didn\'t get the drug. "Then we went back and said, maybe this is such a lethal infection, we could improve the outcome by increasing the number of treatments," Geisbert said. So they gave daily injections of the experimental drug over seven days. This time, all four monkeys given the experimental drug sailed through with mild or no Ebola symptoms. The untreated control animal died. Human Cases Different Of course, in the real world, people infected with Ebola might not get the drug within 30 minutes of infection like these monkeys did. So Geisbert is planning another set of experiments. "Can we go 24 hours or 48 hours or 72 hours before we start treatment?" he wondered. "Can we increase the window and still achieve 100 percent protection?" If these experiments pan out, it will be necessary to do safety studies in humans. That is, healthy volunteers would be given the drug to see if it causes any problems. But there\'s no ethical way to do the usual clinical trials in human Ebola patients -- and it would be logistically impossible, too, because natural Ebola outbreaks are unpredictable, usually in remote areas of Central Africa, and the virus moves quickly. Recognizing these difficulties, the Food and Drug Administration eight years ago devised an "animal rule" for such viruses. Under the rule, if there\'s an animal "model" of infection that closely mimics the human disease, and the experimental treatment protects these animals, the FDA will consider those data as evidence of efficacy, along with studies demonstrating the drug is safe in healthy human volunteers. Lack Of Will But Feldmann worries that the money and commercial interest won\'t be there to invest in studies to bring the new Ebola drug to market. "I personally feel that there is not the will to do this," Feldmann said. "And one reason for that, of course, is money." The implications of having a successful treatment for Ebola -- and perhaps those other hemorrhagic fevers -- loom large. It could be life-saving for three groups of people: -- People infected in the periodic outbreaks in Africa and other areas where hemorrhagic fevers occur, along with caregivers and public health workers who try to cope with such epidemics; -- People who could get infected if terrorists got hold of Ebola or a similar virus and used it as a weapon, along with first responders and caregivers caught up in such an attack; and -- L']" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details:', 'New Ebola Drug 100 Percent Effective In Monkeys']"

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recomends recordings of, the great musical souvenir of Felix Mendelssohn's trip to Italy in 1830: his Symphony No. 4, known as the "Italian" Symphony.

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E.g. '['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', "Wall Street's Low-Key Approach to Social Security Reform"]' == '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "President Bush's plan to allow private accounts for Social Security may send a lot of business to Wall Street; but lobbyists for reform say the returns for financial firms are not necessarily so great. NPR's Peter Overby reports."]' != '['Represent the next text', 'UC Regents Discuss Executive Pay. Ballot Measure to Crack Down on Sex Offenders. End Music.']'

Question: Rep. McClintock, R-Sacramento?

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A little political intrigue for the end of the week, as a newspaper report suggests California¿s most recognizable conservative lawmaker may be considering a run for Congress from Sacramento.
Washington, D.C. based Roll Call reports today that state Sen. Tom McClintock (R-Thousand Oaks) may run for the U.S. House of Representatives seat representing California¿s 4th district. [...]

Are Democrats In Congress Trying To Thwart Calif. Redistricting?  - Brain Researcher Antonio Damasio


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Question: The California Report Magazine 2006-12-01

A Church Divided: Episcopalians Split Over Gay and Lesbian Clergy -- Questions over the ordination of gays and lesbians have Episcopalians in the Central Valley voting on whether to break away from the national church. Also, a new exhibit in San Francisco explores the nature of listening, from eavesdropping to music appreciation.

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Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Why Did They 'Break The Buck?'

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A listener named Preston checks in after our Friday podcast, The Week America's Economy Almost Died. In that episode, we look at the day a terrifying hypothetical became real, namely that a money market fund broke the buck. Preston writes:  Why did the money market funds break the buck?  Read More >> The money market funds ran into the same problems plaguing other corners of the financial market. The Reserve Primary fund, for one, had put some of its investors' money into $785 million in Lehman Brothers debt. Those bets looked a lot safer before Lehman hit the skids. Once that happened, the Reserve had put a new figure on those investments, and that new figure was zero. As a result, Reserve shares dipped below 97 cents -- by definition, a breaking of the buck. If you had your money in a fund that had gone bad, you'd want that money back, right? As the turmoil worsened, investors started pulling their money out, so fast that the Reserve put a seven-day block on large withdrawals, and the federal government stepped in to insure existing money market accounts. The situation was dire indeed. Money market funds mainly invest in what's known as commercial paper. Banks are forever moving around enormous-sounding amounts of money -- think hundreds of millions of dollars -- in very short-term loans. That process makes up the commercial paper market, the lifeblood of the financial system. As investors clamored for their cash back and banks pulled back on lending, commercial paper suddenly became very hard to get. Without commercial paper, there's basically no economy. Planet Money thanks currency strategist Marc Chandler of Brown Brothers Harriman for the assist.

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Stories: 1) How A Few Made Millions Betting Against The Market 2) A 'Justified' Outing For A Loose-Cannon Lawman


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Tuesday October 30, 2007

The apple harvest is nearly past and we check in with growers and agriculture officials about the physical and financial health of this year's crop. Also, we hear stories from the orchard from a grower who cultivates heirloom varieties, and from his wife, who doesn't see him much around picking time.

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A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: 'Completely Hollywood': 197 Films, Abridged

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Most people will never have time to see the greatest 200 American films of all time, so the Reduced Shakespeare Company is making it a little easier. The three-man troupe condensed 197 of what they deem Hollywood's best — from Chinatown to the six Rocky's — into a stage show that runs under two hours. Completely Hollywood isn't the first time The Reduced Shakespeare Company, also known as Austin Tichenor, Reed Martin and Dominic Conti, has tackled, and abridged, a major body of work. Prior reduced productions include (in addition to the Bard's work) Western Civilization: The Complete Musical, The Bible: The Complete Word Of God and The Complete World of Sports. NEAL CONAN, host:  This is TALK OF THE NATION. Im Neal Conan in Washington.  Most of us probably don't have the time to take in 200 great American films in one sitting. So The Reduced Shakespeare Company has made it a little easier. The three-man troupe, best known for boiling down the bard and granulating the great books, has now condensed 197 of what they consider Hollywood's best into a stage show that runs under two hours. After all, you could waste that time on "Citizen Kane" alone. How much better to throw in "Avatar," "The Sound of Music," "Chinatown," all six "Rocky"s and, well, so much more.  The Reduced Shakespeare Company brought "Completely Hollywood Abridged" here to Washington, D.C. for a run at the Kennedy Center. Today, Austin Tichenor, Reed Martin and Dominic Conti join us here in Studio 4A. If you'd like to propose a cinematic condensation, if you'd like them to downsize your favorite film, give us a call, 800-989-8255. Email us, talk@npr.org. You can also join the conversation at our website. Thats at npr.org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION.  Later in the program, Oliver Stone joins us. His new documentary, "South of the Border" showed at the Silverdocs festival last night. But first, Austin Tichenor, Reed Marin and Dominic Conti, The Reduced Shakespeare Company, thanks very much for coming, appreciate your time today.  Unidentified Man #1 (Reduced Shakespeare Company): Thanks for having us.  Unidentified Man #2 (Reduced Shakespeare Company): Thank you for having...  Unidentified Man #3 (Reduced Shakespeare Company): Thanks for bringing all these staff members in here. They get younger every year.  CONAN: Indeed they do.  Unidentified Man #2: Yeah, absolutely.  (Soundbite of applause)  CONAN: Why don't you get us started with a taste of "Completely Hollywood Abridged"?  Unidentified Man #1: All right. Well, here's the first thing you need to know about the movies.  Unidentified Man #2: Yeah, this is Hollywood Lesson #1.  Unidentified Man #3: Write this down.  Unidentified Man #1: Every new movie is just a combination of two old movies.  Unidentified Man #2: Right.  Unidentified Man #3: See, I could see a lot of our people out there nodding. You all knew all this. Studios don't want to take any risks.  Unidentified Man #1: Because movies are incredibly expensive to make, and that's why every new movie that comes out is either a straight remake of an old movie - "Casino Royale," "Batman," "Karate Kid"...  Unidentified Man #3: Or a combination of two old movie ideas.  Unidentified Man #2: Right, like they combine James Bond and "Home Alone" and get "Spy Kids."  (Soundbite of laughter)  Unidentified Man #3: Uh-huh. Or they mix "My Fair Lady" and "Klute" and get "Pretty Woman."  Unidentified Man #1: Uh-huh. Or you mix "Unforgiven" with "The Birdcage" and get "Brokeback Mountain."  Unidentified Man #2: Right.  (Soundbite of laughter)  Unidentified Man #2: You know what? Gene Kelly could take Dustin Hoffman to Las Vegas in "Singing in the Rain Man."  (Soundbite of laughter)  Unidentified Man #3: Yeah. Or Meg Ryan could fake an orgasm for Clint Eastwood, "When Dirty Harry Met Sally."  (Soundbite of laughter)  Unidentified Man #1: Yeah. Eddie Murphy, Winona Ryder, "Dr. Doolittle Women."  (Soundbite of laughter)  Unidentified Man #1: No? Maybe not.  Unidentified Man #2: You know what? This one has Oscar winner written all over it: Kevin Bacon teaches a disabled writer to dance in "My Left Footloose."  (Soundbite of laughter)  Unidentified Man #3: Oh, all singing, all dancing aboard a German submarine, "Das Showboat."  Unidentified Man #2: Yes.  CONAN: That's Austin Tichenor, Reed Martin and Dominic Conti performing "Completely Hollywood Abridged" at the Kennedy Center here in Washington, D.C., here in Studio 4A. Again, if you'd like them to condense your favorite film down to 15 seconds ago - of complete absurdity, give us a call, 800-989-8255. Email us, talk@npr.org.  And why did you eventually - you did The Bible, you did all of Shakespeare - great, great language. Now you're taking on "Rocky"?  Unidentified Man #2: Well, yes, we're taking on something really important for a change. I mean, it just seemed like, you know, the whole world - we boiled down Hollywood into 12 easy lessons, because the whole world is addicted to the movies.  Uniden

Stories: 1) Down to 'The Wire' for Crime Drama 2) 'Diving' into a Personal Story


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Question: NPR Bestsellers: Week Of May 30, 2013

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The lists are compiled from weekly surveys of close to 500 independent bookstores nationwide.

Stories: 1) When 10 Won't Do: David Edelstein's Top 13 Films 2) In Case You Missed It: Events And Trends Of 2009 3) Ken Tucker's Top 10 Recordings Of 2009


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Executive Power: Laws And Limits

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On Tuesday, a set of jaw-dropping legal developments turned up the heat on President Trump. Former personal lawyer and known fixer for Trump, Michael Cohen, pleaded guilty to campaign finance violations regarding the payment of two women who said they had a sexual relationship with the president. Also on Tuesday, former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort was found guilty on eight counts of financial crimes. Jurors were unable to reach a verdict on 10 other charges, and the judge declared a mistrial. We covered these rulings in-depth Wednesday. You can hear those conversations here and here. One of the best-sourced reporters covering the Trump administration, Maggie Haberman, described the White House’s mood this way:
Trump folks are worried about impeachment more than before. The thinking goes like this: this is something tangible, not a theoretical. And it didn’t come from Mueller. Does not mean it will happen, but this has moved to a different stage in their minds. — Maggie Haberman (@maggieNYT) August 21, 2018   The president responded to Michael Cohen’s admissions on Twitter.
If anyone is looking for a good lawyer, I would strongly suggest that you don’t retain the services of Michael Cohen! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) August 22, 2018   But Trump’s tone was different when he touched on Paul Manafort.
I feel very badly for Paul Manafort and his wonderful family. “Justice” took a 12 year old tax case, among other things, applied tremendous pressure on him and, unlike Michael Cohen, he refused to “break” – make up stories in order to get a “deal.” Such respect for a brave man! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) August 22, 2018   Conditions have looked bad for the president before. Just last month, there was the Helsinki news conference. His zero-tolerance policy of separating families at the border sparked widespread outrage. At the beginning of his presidency, he accused President Obama of wiretapping him with no discernible evidence to corroborate the claims. And when Trump was still a candidate, we heard the infamous tape of him talking about grabbing women’s genitalia. But now that Cohen has admitted that the president ordered him to break campaign finance laws, are things different? Is impeachment of the president on the table? What about other political and legal consequences? Or, is all of this distracting from the fact that Trump is exactly the president his voter base hoped for? *For this show, we’re opening the phones and want to hear from you. 855-236-1212. *Produced by Jonquilyn Hill. Text by Gabrielle Healy*. GUESTS Jeffrey Rosen, President and CEO, The National Constitution Center; professor at The George Washington University Law School; author of “William Howard Taft” and “Louis D. Brandeis: American Prophet” @RosenJeffrey Michael Isikoff, Chief investigative correspondent, Yahoo News; co-author, “Russian Roulette: The Inside Story of Putin’s War on America and the Election of Donald Trump;” @Isikoff Rachel Bovard, Senior director of policy, Conservative Partnership Institute; former legislative director, Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY); former director of policy services, The Heritage Foundation; @rachelbovard For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Will You Tune In To Obama's Health Speech?

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"['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'South Africans have been consumed with crippling nationwide power outages and other issues closer to home, such as a much-condemned racial incident involving four white students and some black university employees. But when asked about the U.S. presidential race, the name they seem most familiar with is that of Barack Obama.']" == "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "U.S. Election: South Africa's View"]"

How could we not watch President Obama's health pitch to Congress tonight? We'll be parked in front of the flat screen in the family room, explaining the finer points of insurance rescission, the Gang of Six and health co-ops to a couple of toddlers. But what about you? If you're like most Americans, you'll probably tune in, too. Some 56 percent plan to watch Obama's speech tonight, according to polling data just out from the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. Democrats are making it must-see TV, with 72 percent expecting to watch, compared with 41 percent of Republicans and 52 percent of Independents. Read More >> What those who plan on watching expect to get out of the experience is a little harder to pin down. The Pew data show that Americans are intensely interested in the debate over changing health care, with 93 percent saying the issue is important and 73 percent saying it affects them personally. But a little clarity would probably go a long way. For all the interest in the subject, two-thirds of Americans say the debate is hard to understand.

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Good morning: here are our early stories: Chinese Author, Mo Yan, Awarded 2012 Nobel Prize In Literature. Presidential Candidates Set Their Sights On Colorado's Latinos. And here are more early headlines: Biden, Ryan Prepare For High-Stakes Vice Presidential Debate. (Reuters) Yemeni Guard At U.S. Embassy Killed In Drive-By Shooting. (CBS) Two Die In Florida Parking Garage Collapse, One Still Missing. (Orlando Sentinel) Home Foreclosures Drop To Five Year Low In September. (USA Today) It's The 50th Anniversary Of Vatican II - Why It Matters. (KPCC) No Arms For Syria Aboard Passenger Jet Downed In Turkey, Russia Says. (Washington Post) Alice Cooper Opens Rock And Roll Academy In Sioux Falls, N.D. (KDLT) Zombie Alert! Maine Hacker Changes Road Sign To Warn Startled Motorists. (Portland Press Herald)


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Question: Double Take 'Toons: It Figures

President Obama submitted his 2013 budget to Congress. John Cole sees it as a political document and Lee Judge thinks it will get treated as such.

Stories: 1) Denis Leary, the Renaissance Man of 'Rescue Me' 2) One Ring to Rule Them: 'Ice Cream' Songs Hit Big


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Question: Writers Guild Of America Reaches A Tentative Deal With Studios

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Hollywood has solved another cliffhanger. A massive writers' strike was narrowly averted Tuesday, as a tentative agreement was reached between the members of the Writers Guild of America and the group representing the studios they work for, the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers. Details of the deal are expected to be provided to members on Thursday. Around 13,000 film and TV writers were ready to strike starting at midnight, but they managed to reach an agreement over pensions and health plans and how much writers get paid.   This was critical for those of us glorying in what's getting called "peak TV." In movies, it's the director whose vision is executed, who controls the tone and pace. But in television, plots, characters, themes, even the vibe, all get established in the writers room. Back in 2015, Shonda Rhimes, arguably the most powerful woman in television, described herself as first a writer in an interview on WHYY's Fresh Air.  "On Grey's Anatomy and Scandal, I am the writer, executive producer, creator. On How To Get Away With Murder, I am just the executive producer." "Just?" responded host Terry Gross in some disbelief. Rhimes replied that her executive producer tasks on How To Get Away With Murder involved far less creative control. "It's more like being the grandmother," she said. "You hold the baby but then you get to give the baby back. With the other shows, I'm responsible for everything." "Writers literally run TV shows," agrees James Poniewozik, chief TV critic for The New York Times. He says "peak TV" — an era where more than 450 scripted series were produced this season alone — would be impossible without hundreds of writers rooms filled with people bouncing ideas off each other, polishing each others' work — and serving the creator's singular voice. "Mad Men was a particular example of that," he says. "It was a show really that was TV, but it was very literary. It sort of modeled itself on the kind of voice that you would have in short fiction." The collective voice of the writers room is especially crucial with a network comedy like ABC's Black-ish that might produce as many as 25 episodes a season. But shorter series are increasingly common on streaming, cable and even network shows. Stranger Things, on Netflix, had only eight episodes. That translates to less money for writers, who are paid per episode. According to the Writers Guild of America, writers' median salaries have actually dropped over the past two years. Poniewozik was hopeful this strike would be averted. As happy as he is that the writers and studios have found common ground, he could not help but think about a strike's potential personal upside. "I might at least get caught up on a lot of my backlog," he said wryly. While Los Angeles is breathing a sigh of relief — the city lost more than a billion dollars during the last writer's strike in 2007 — viewers like Poniewozik will have to figure out how stay on top of all the TV shows its writers dream up for us. KELLY MCEVERS, HOST:  The biggest drama here in Hollywood right now is whether the Writers Guild of America will go on strike. The union represents about 13,000 film and TV writers. And they voted to strike if no contract settlement is reached by midnight tonight. Last time writers went on strike in 2007, it stopped a lot of film and TV production for four months. NPR's Neda Ulaby explains that writers occupy a uniquely important position in TV. NEDA ULABY, BYLINE: Movies are all about the director, vision, tone, pace, control. You're watching the story through the eye, mind and heart of the director. In television though, plots, characters, themes, vibe all get established in the writers' room. (SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "GREY'S ANATOMY") SAMANTHA SLOYAN: (As Dr. Penelope Blake) She can't talk. JESSE WILLIAMS: (As Dr. Jackson Avery) And I'm her surgeon now, right? You can't come in here and just take out her wire. SLOYAN: (As Dr. Penelope Blake) She is my patient. I know what I am doing. You can rewire her jaw tomorrow morning, but right now she needed some air, so I got her some damn air. ULABY: A few years ago, arguably the most powerful woman in television, Shonda Rhimes, described herself in an interview on WHYY's Fresh Air. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED BROADCAST) SHONDA RHIMES: On "Grey's Anatomy" and "Scandal" I am the writer, executive producer, creator. On "How To Get Away With Murder," I'm just the executive producer. ULABY: Just the executive producer. And note she said writer first. Rhimes told the host, Terry Gross, that being the executive producer in charge of "How To Get Away With Murder" involves far less creative control. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED BROADCAST) RHIMES: It's more like being the grandmother. You hold the baby, but then you get to give the baby back, whereas the other shows I'm responsible for everything. JAMES PONIEWOZIK: Writers literally run TV shows. ULABY: That's James Poniewozik, TV critic for The New York Times. He says thi

Good morning, here are our top stories: For Obama, Vindication, Not A Mandate. World Reacts To Obama's Reelection. Republicans Keep The House; Democrats To Retain Senate. And here are other morning headlines: Powerful Winter Storm Aims For Region Affected By Superstorm Sandy. (National Weather Service) Syrian Rebels Try To Bomb Assad's Palace But Miss Their Target. (Reuters) E-U Warns Europe Will See Deep Recession In 2013, Growing Unemployment. (Wall Street Journal) Suzuki Motors Will Leave The U.S. Car Market, Will Still Offer Motorcycles. (Bloomberg) Pro Hockey Owners And Players Will Continue Secret Contract Bargaining Talks Today In Secret Location. (CBC) Gunman In Fresno, Calif. Processing Plant Kills Two, Wounds Two Before Killing Himself. (AP) Two Whales Found Dead On New Zealand Beach Are Rare Species, Almost Unseen By Humans. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Omara Portuondo: Tiny Desk Concert

When I met Omara Portuondo in NPR's lobby before her Tiny Desk Concert, I couldn't help but think about the fact that she was part of a musical scene in 1950s Cuba that produced a generation of musical innovators and pioneers. I was trying to shake that sense of history you get when you meet someone of advanced age who has accomplished so much in three-quarters of a century in the music business. I wanted to appreciate Portuondo for her here and now. But my imagination was immediately transported back to Havana in the '50s when she told me she remembered two brothers with the same last name as mine who ran an orchestra that sometimes accompanied her at the Tropicana and other popular nightclubs. So it was with the sense of history, as we strolled into the NPR Music den with her arm wrapped around mine to steady her walk. Her performance here of two classic boleros was enough to transport us to another time and place. Achingly tender and direct, her Tiny Desk Concert reflects the passion for life she instills in every performance. So sit back and take in a brief but lovely performance by a timeless, ageless wonder. To watch our most recent Tiny Desk Concert, featuring Laura Veirs, click here.

Stories: 1) 'Conchords': Music, Comedy, Clueless Kiwis 2) Nellie McKay, Live on 'Fresh Air' 3) Rock en Espanol, with Wrestling Masks


Question: Rep. McClintock, R-Sacramento?

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A little political intrigue for the end of the week, as a newspaper report suggests California¿s most recognizable conservative lawmaker may be considering a run for Congress from Sacramento.
Washington, D.C. based Roll Call reports today that state Sen. Tom McClintock (R-Thousand Oaks) may run for the U.S. House of Representatives seat representing California¿s 4th district. [...]

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Are Democrats In Congress Trying To Thwart Calif. Redistricting?  - Brain Researcher Antonio Damasio


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Question: The Jamestown Project

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Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Debate Shows GOP Has Little Unity On Security Issues

Most of the Republican presidential debates in this election cycle have taken place in a swing state, and focused on the economy. Tuesday night's gathering was different. CNN and two conservative think thanks sponsored the eleventh debate of the year in Washington, D.C.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Wildland Fire Camps Need Dramatic Change Amid COVID-19 Pandemic

Updated at 12:25 p.m. ET on May 7, 2020.   When a wildfire explodes out of control and threatens property and lives, thousands of firefighters and support crews rush to the scene from around the country and even the world.  Almost overnight a small city sprouts up, with firefighters camped in dense rows of tents in fields and eating in crowded mess halls. There are the caterers, the contractors, the crew bosses huddled around laptops at the command post.  Fire camps are akin to cruise ships on land, says Melissa Baumann, who heads the union representing U.S. Forest Service employees.  "There's a tremendous tension between fighting a wildland fire and not being near each other," Baumann says.  In this new era of coronavirus, the guidance on everything from how fire camps will be set up, to the safety protocols and social distancing rules for fire crews is evolving, even with the wildfire season officially underway. Guidance for fire managers was just published May 7. Some red flag warnings have already been issued in the Southwest, where alongside southern Florida, there's a higher than usual threat of major wildfires this spring, according to the National Interagency Fire Center.  Across the nation, some wildland firefighters worry whether they can do their jobs safely during a global pandemic.  "A lot of our employees are concerned that different agencies [and] groups that provide support may not have the same level of protocols for distancing," Baumann says.  Some western governors are also concerned. They've signaled they may not allow crews to leave their regions to help out in other places because they're worried about quarantines or infections sidelining their firefighters. Typically, the wildfire season peaks in different parts of the West at different times, with firefighters deploying to the Southwest around now, then the Rocky Mountain states and Northwest later in the summer with an often dramatic crescendo to the season in California in the fall.  This uncertainty over the availability — and mobility — of firefighting crews has the Trump administration scrambling to reassure the public that it's ready.  "The West has been not as hard hit as say, New York City obviously, so I think we're going to watch a lot of governors back down on some of their closures," says William Perry Pendley, the acting director of the Bureau of Land Management.  Alongside the Forest Service, the BLM is one of the federal government's lead firefighting agencies. It hasn't had a permanent director since President Trump took office. Pendley has been pleading with the states and local jurisdictions to reconsider, saying steps are in place to protect firefighter safety.  "Even though it's really unusual, we have absolutely no intention of standing down," Pendley told NPR. "Whatever we have to do, consistent with protecting the health of our firefighters and the public with whom they come in contact, we're gonna do it."  For now, federal agencies say they're trying to hire even more firefighters than usual.  Grant Beebe, an assistant director at the National Interagency Fire Center in Boise says they're also planning to treat individual crews like family units — with frequent temperature checks and testing — as they travel around the country for likely months. Federal officials are also looking at ways to break up the sprawling fire camp model, with more off-site catering and tactical teams doing work remotely whenever possible.  "We'll manage the exposure and the risk and the social distance with those people as a group, as a family essentially," Beebe says. "That's how we're thinking about engine crews and smokejumpers and hot shot crews."  Still, there is anxiety over the unknown, especially if the country sees a big wildfire soon and there is no uniform plan for how to set up a fire camp or protect firefighters from infections. Much of the American West is entering its third decade of severe drought.  Beebe concedes that on big fires social distancing may not be possible.  "What we're coaching our folks is, manage your fire risk, fight your fire aggressively, provide for safety and manage COVID to your best of your ability at the same time," he says. "But don't lose focus on firefighting because of concern about COVID."  Firefighters say they're used to having to adjust on the fly and change protocols for new dangers. In Oregon, Miller Timber Services is a private wildland fire company that contracts with federal agencies. Owner Lee Miller says they'll manage COVID like other "watch out" risks: don't ever go into a box canyon on fire, don't get under trees in high winds.  "These are all 'watch out' situations and we'll train our firefighters the same thing: not to walk into a heavily crowded camp if there's a chance of getting the virus," Miller says.  Not waiting for federal guidance, Miller and other private contractors are looking at putting their crews in vacant hotels wherever possible not camps. Just one more way t

Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: Movie Review: <I>Central Station</I>

Howie Movshovitz of Colorado Public Radio reviews the Brazilian film Central Station. It''s the story of an unlikely friendship between a young boy and an old woman. The movie has received early critical acclaim, including two Golden Globe awards, and will be Brazil''s entry in the Oscar''s best foreign language film category.

Writer Mark Legan boils down the critical reviews for this week's new movies, including The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, Runaway Jury and Veronica Guerin.


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Question: Why Do People Agree To Work In Boring Jobs?

In the essay "The Myth of Sisyphus," philosopher Albert Camus — who would have turned 100 on Thursday — explored the nature of boring work. There's new psychological research into why people end up in boring jobs.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Field Notes from 91.7 WVXU

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For kids who can't get enough science, Thane Maynard's Field Notes introduces listeners to Crystal Clear after-school programs.

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For instance, <<['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Employers cut jobs last month and unemployment rates hover around 5 percent. Despite the grim financial outlook, Exxon Mobil posted record earnings last year. Marketplace's Bob Moon talks to Alex Chadwick about why crude prices are soaring in a stalling economy. ALEX CHADWICK, host:  From NPR News, it's DAY TO DAY. We're going to MARKETPLACE now, and we need to because the economic news, well, it's confusing. It's puzzling, especially on employment. The number of jobs actually went down. The number of people working suffered a net loss of 17,000 jobs this last month, and yet the unemployment rate also dropped slightly. Bob Moon is here from MARKETPLACE to explain. Bob, you know, these figures, sometimes they are in apparent contradiction like this. Now, remind me how this occurs.  BOB MOON: Well, this was a slight drop in the unemployment rate, and it could just mean that people left the job market for various reasons, including that they just gave up looking work. So it's cut in the payrolls that many economists are worried about right now, because the number was a lot worse than they had expected. In fact, the general consensus was that 80,000 jobs would be created during the month. But what we really saw was a net reduction in payrolls, and that hasn't happened in four and a half years. If that reading was showing up on a cockpit gauge right now, we might be hearing a stall-out warning. Manufacturing jobs were among the hardest hit. Manufacturers cut around 28,000 workers during the past month. That marks the 19th straight month of contraction for that sector. Construction jobs suffered almost as much. That sector shed around 27,000 jobs.  And if you look at the numbers since employment peeked back in September of 2006, the number of construction-related jobs has swelled to 284,000 that have been lost.  CHADWICK: So I know that economists are looking at these numbers and trying to figure out what is the state of the economy. What will they derive from this?  MOON: Well, a lot of them are saying today that this could well be the last nail in the coffin when it comes to a recession. The reason for that gloom is that the job market is seen as a lagging indicator. It tends to show up as a result of business troubles that are already happening.  CHADWICK: Uh-huh. How's Wall Street reacting?  MOON: Well, the financial markets have really been whipsawed by all this news, because they're asking is the economy strong, or is it strained here? The Institute for Supply Management just announced that factory activity rose in January from December, and that would be a sign of expansion. So things are still confusing, even for Wall Street right now.  CHADWICK: Yeah. President Bush talking about the economy today, he says - well, he says things are okay, but they're uncertain and perhaps weakening. Is anything doing well out there?  MOON: Well, we can tell you that ExxonMobil reported a record $40 billion in profit for 2007. That figures out to roughly $75,000 every minute. Record oil prices have boosted its fourth quarter earnings to $11.6 billion, and that's the highest ever operating profit by a U.S. company.  CHADWICK: Well, there's some good news. Bob, thank you. Bob Moon of public radio's daily business show, MARKETPLACE."]>>  to "["represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details\n\nExamples:\nProvided: Been There: Lessons From A Shared Experience Match: When you're facing a major life change, it helps to talk to someone who's already been through it. NPR connects people on either side of a shared experience. Hard Negative: A Year in the Life of a South African Teenager", "'Marketplace' Report: Exxon's Record Earnings"]"

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Economic Growth Slows Sharply for Quarter

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The Commerce Department says the U.S. gross domestic product grew at just 0.6 percent in the final quarter of 2007. That is the weakest growth rate in five years for the GDP.

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Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: Bill Clinton Calls Al Sharpton to Clarify "Fairy Tale"

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Bill Clinton toured the talk show circuit today to clarify his use of the term "fairy tale" in reference to Sen. Obama's campaign:  "It is wrong that Senator Obama got to go through 15 debates trumpeting his superior judgment and how he had been against the war in every year, enumerating the years, and never got asked one time -- not once, 'Well, how could you say that when you said in 2004 you didn't know how you would have voted on the resolution?' You said in 2004 there was no difference between you and George Bush on the war. And you took that speech you're now running on off your Web site in 2004. And there's no difference in your voting record and Hillary's ever since. Give me a break. This whole thing is the biggest fairy tale I've ever seen."  As we pointed out in today's headlines, South Carolina Rep. James Clyburn spoke out against Clinton's statement in a New York Times article, saying the former president insinuated that Obama's rise to prominence was a fairy tale. Read More >>  "To call that dream a fairy tale, which Bill Clinton seemed to be doing, could very well be insulting to some of us," said Mr. Clyburn, who said he and others took significant risks more than 40 years ago to produce such opportunities for future black Americans.  Clinton called into Al Sharpton's radio show today to explain:  "I pointed out that he had never been asked about his statement in 2004 that he didn't know how he would have voted on the war resolution. It disproves the argument that he was always against it and everybody else was wrong and he was right. I said 'So that story is a fairy tale,' and that doesn't have anything to do with my respect for him."  What do you think Bill Clinton meant? What effects will these statements have on Hillary's campaign?

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "No Thrill On The Hill," "Salesman-In-Chief," "Fly Nervous Like The Rest Of Us."


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Question: High Court Says Blacks Kept off Jury in Murder Case

The Supreme Court overturns a murder conviction and death sentence for a black defendant in Louisiana who said his trial was tainted by racism. A seven-member majority of the justices said the prosecutor improperly kept blacks off the jury.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: The All Songs Considered SXSW Preview

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NPR Music is heading to South By Southwest in Austin, Texas. It's a huge feast of musical discovery that brings together bands and fans from around the world. All Songs Considered convened a panel to preview some of the new discoveries we're most excited to see and hear. You can find the complete Austin 100 here.

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This blog was conceived as a way for us to tell listeners about any music, videos or thoughts that excite us but can't fit into a weekly half-hour podcast. But there's a lot that goes on at other parts of NPR Music that excites us, too. Digging through everything the site has to offer can take time, though, so we'll publish a post like this periodically in an effort to keep readers up to date. Here's a list of our top picks:  Hammock Jams: Party in Your Backyard Here's Your Late Pass: Right Music, Wrong Time (Monitor Mix) First Listen: Regina Spektor, 'Far' Heat Wave: A Summertime Mix Metric in Concert Dirty Projectors: Balancing Head and Heart (CD review) Vocal Styles: Whiny, Tiny, or Just Fine-y (Monitor Mix) White Rabbits: Something Novel (Song of the Day)


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Question: The California Report Magazine 2007-03-16

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Lousy Report Card for State Schools — Dozens of studies, conducted over two years, find that state schools need a dramatic overhaul in the way they're governed and funded in order to succeed in moving back toward the top nationwide. Also, a new art gallery and studio in Napa helps developmentally disabled adults find an outlet — and sales — for their creative spirit.

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Video Shows Elephant Seal Flopping Along Streets Of Chilean Town

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The enormous creature, which had gotten lost, was safely carried back to the water on a tarp by the Chilean police and navy. Which means it became a navy seal!

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Good morning - here are some of the leading headlines we're following today: 'Picture Perfect Launch' For Private Rocket Headed To Space Station. Deal Reached On Probe Of Iran's Nuclear Program, IAEA Chief Says. Memorial Walk, Moment Of Silence Planned For Joplin On First Anniversary Of Devastating Tornado. (Joplin Globe) Jurors In John Edwards Corruption Trial Begin Third Day Of Deliberations. (Reuters) Images Show North Korea Conducts Unknown Activity At Nuclear Test Site. (CNN) Myanmar Opposition Leader Aung San Suu Kyi Will Address U.N. Labor Conference Next Month In Switzerland. (AP) 2 Protesters Die In Lebanon At Funeral Of Murdered Anti-Syrian Cleric; 5 Killed In Syrian Bombing. (VOA) Four Perish Climbing Everest, One Missing While Dozens More Continue Toward Summit (ABC) Oklahoma City Defeats Los Angeles To Reach NBA Western Conference Finals; 8 Wounded In Oklahoma City Violence After Victory. (Oklahoman) Man Survives Suicide Attempt After Leaping Into Niagara Falls. (USA Today)


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Question: Actor Tony Shalhoub Plays 'Not My Job'

Tony Shalhoub is a normal guy who's become famous playing eccentric people. He was the obsessed Italian chef in Big Night, the alien pawnshop owner in the Men in Black movies, and, of course, the obsessive compulsive detective on the TV series Monk. Now, Tony has gone back to Broadway in Lend Me a Tenor. In true "Not My Job" fashion: because Tony has played a Monk, we're going to ask him three questions about nuns. Originally broadcast March 6, 2010. CARL KASELL, Host:  From NPR and WBEZ-Chicago, this is WAIT WAIT...DON'T TELL ME!, the NPR News quiz. I'm Carl Kasell, and here again is your host, at the Chase Bank Auditorium in downtown Chicago, Peter Sagal. PETER SAGAL, Host:  Thank you, Carl. (SOUNDBITE OF APPLAUSE) SAGAL: Thank you everybody. Thank you so much. We are listening back today to interviews with some of our favorite celebrity guests, a list which has to include actor Tony Shalhoub. He's a normal guy. He's become famous playing eccentric people. There was his obsessed Italian chef in "Big Night," his alien pawnshop owner in the "Men in Black" movies. But mostly, of course, he's know as the obsessive compulsive Detective Monk on the TV series of that name. KASELL: He joined us, along with Luke Burbank, Kyrie O'Connor and Paula Poundstone earlier this year. SAGAL: Check my characterization. I've seen a lot of your movies and TV shows over the years. I cannot think of when you once played a normal person. (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Is this true or am I not being fair? TONY SHALHOUB: I think you're right. I don't remember normalcy in my career. I don't know, something overtakes me and I kind of try to turn them into something not so normal. So it's partly my fault. PAULA POUNDSTONE: So the initial character is kind of Mike Brady standard issue? SHALHOUB: Exactly. That's what Adrian Monk was, actually, to start with. SAGAL: Really? And you showed up and started twitching. LUKE BURBANK: He... SHALHOUB: I said I think this guy twitches and then they, you know, built a series around it. SAGAL: But by being a success in a TV series, you always run the risk of being identified with that role. So do you have people coming up to you and going, "Oh, I'll shake your hand. No, I won't, because I know how you feel." SHALHOUB: Yeah, I've heard that about 6,000 times. Yeah. SAGAL: I can imagine. BURBANK: Today. SAGAL: Today. SHALHOUB: Yeah. SAGAL: Does it get tired? Were you worried about that as you continued during the series that you were being known for this one role? SHALHOUB: Well, you know that's always - it's always kind of a risk, an inherent risk, when you're an actor, even if it's a movie role. Sometimes people just get pegged as that one thing. But maybe when I was younger, typecasting might have been a problem. Now, it's any kind of casting is good, you know. SAGAL: Yeah. Basically, you'll take typecasting... SHALHOUB: I'll take fly casting at this point. POUNDSTONE: It could have been a lot worse. People could have seen you and gone like, "dyn-o-mite." SHALHOUB: That's right. SAGAL: Oh yes. SHALHOUB: That's right. SAGAL: You could have a catch phrase. POUNDSTONE: Yeah, exactly. (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SAGAL: You starred in "Big Night," one of my favorite movies. For those who haven't seen it, it's about two brothers from Italy who try to open an Italian restaurant in New Jersey and it doesn't go well. And it's about the last night of its operation where they serve the most amazing meal ever served on film. SHALHOUB: Oh, Peter, I really don't think there's anybody who hasn't seen that. SAGAL: That's true. (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Was that meal real? Did you get to eat it? (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SHALHOUB: Yes. Well a lot of the things were real. We did actually make them over, you know, the course of the making of the film. Of course, you know while you're filming and doing multiple takes, you know food tends to - it tends to get a little undesirable. But... SAGAL: It wouldn't stop me in the case of that meal. SHALHOUB: No. But I've gotten a lot of free Italian meals in restaurants from people... KYRIE O: Really? SHALHOUB: ...people who like that. I consider it my backend on the movie. SAGAL: Really? (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SHALHOUB: Kind of, yeah. SAGAL: Just endless free pasta specials. SHALHOUB: Exactly. SAGAL: Which is weird because you are not, in fact, Italian. SHALHOUB: I'm not? SAGAL: Nor... SHALHOUB: Oh, oh... SAGAL: No. Yes. SHALHOUB: Yes, you're right. No, I'm actually Lebanese. SAGAL: You're Lebanese from Green Bay, Wisconsin. SHALHOUB: Which is kind of like being Italian, I don't know, SAGAL: I know. It's like you probably had to stand in for - you played all of the ethnic characters in the school plays, I'm sure, in Green Bay. SHALHOUB: I actually played the black characters in the plays in Green Bay. (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) CONNOR: Oh god. BURBANK: Dyn-o-mite. SHALHOUB: Yeah, you think I'm kidding but I'm not kidding. SAGAL: No, I'm not. I've been to Green Bay. You were tota

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Stories: 1) Comic Robert Smigel, Master Of 'Triumph' 2) 'Man On Wire': Defying Gravity And Time 3) Don Rickles, The 'Merchant Of Venom' 4) Season Two Of A 'Mad Men' World


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Question: Bolshoi Opera Lightens Production

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Moscow's famed Bolshoi Opera Company is making a major push to update its stale repertoire. Saturday night the company premiered its production of The Fiery Angel, a work by Sergei Prokofiev. NPR's Lawrence Sheets reports.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology