Question: represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details E.g. given '['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Listening For The Future During Black History Month']' it should be close to '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Music may not see color, but the music industry certainly does. Until the systemic and overt biases that undermine our celebration of the contributions of black artists can be eradicated, we appreciate Black History Month as an opportunity to lay the groundwork for conversations we should be having and actions we should be taking year-round. Rodney Carmichael, NPR Music\'s staff hip-hop writer, says he likes to think instead about Black Futures Month, centered around looking forward rather than only looking back. "I just think that a lot of times America has a harder time appreciating what black folks are doing in the present than what we\'ve done in the past," he told us. "I take it upon myself to make sure that I\'m thinking about and reminding people through my writing to honor what we\'re creating right now." Today, World Cafe welcomes Rodney along with Briana Younger, music writer and editor for The New Yorker, and Jon Batiste, Grammy-nominated jazz artist and bandleader of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, for a roundtable discussion on black creators shaping the future of music. We spoke about how artists like Masego and Braxton Cook represent a resurgence of black instrumentalists at center stage; how storytellers like Saba use personal tales to illuminate systemic issues; and how experimenters like Tierra Whack — who got a 2019 Grammy nod, but not for her format-shattering audio-visual masterpiece Whack World — may be innovating so quickly that the industry can\'t keep up. We also talked about the double burden placed on black artists, who are both marginalized by systems of power and expected to do the work of speaking out against them, and the damaging assumption that music created by black artists is always a reaction to whiteness. And we celebrated the brilliant future that current black creators are pointing the way toward. Listen to our conversation at the audio link, and read highlights below.  On Tierra Whack\'s confounding Grammy nomination Rodney Carmichael: The Grammys have historically had a hard time appreciating and awarding black artists on the cutting edge. And then there\'s the irony of Neil Portnow [from] the Recording Academy making that statement last year about women artists needing to "step up," and the rage that rightfully came upon him after that. And here we have a young artist who in every way, shape and form is out innovating and outperforming everybody else, regardless of race or gender, and the Grammys are failing to innovate fast enough to keep up with her.  On Masego, multi-instrumentalists and musicality  Briana Younger: Masego is a singer/saxophonist. He has this incredible energy as a person, but it translates, also, into his music: He\'s extremely interested in the craft of playing saxophone and how he can bring that texture into this almost retro-R&B style of music. It\'s kind of representative of, [not] a trend, but like a resurgence, of black instrumentalists. Hip-hop or R&B, in a contemporary sense, have their own sort of musicality that isn\'t always explicitly rooted in this live tradition. Particularly when hip-hop came to really be popular,there was kind of this this pushback that it wasn\'t really musical. Because hip-hop is the predominant genre [in] the mainstream, that means hip-hop is speaking for a lot of us — and so for the feeling to be that hip-hoppers aren\'t musical is to say that black people, by extension, are not musical. And obviously, we have an extremely long and rich tradition of playing live instruments. I\'m happy to see that in the commingling of those genres, and these artists who are coming out with their instruments and being like, "Yeah, I can I can play the violin. I can play the sax. And I\'m going to do it." When you\'re seeing the success of people like Masego playing these live instruments in these very public spaces, I think it connects the dots back to the traditions that we come from, and I think that\'s incredibly important. It kind of feels like artists coming back for our things.   On serpentwithfeet in live performance and subverting tradition Younger: It\'s preaching. He treats the stage like a pulpit. You know, the black — especially the Southern black — church tradition has has not been friendly to gayness, queerness, in the community. So I think it\'s extremely important that he puts those two things in a dialogue with each other and says, "I\'m going to use the language of the gospel. I\'m going to make these references aesthetically, and I\'m going to sing about loving men or having sex with men. And that\'s just what it\'s going to be."  On the musical history behind Batiste\'s latest album, Hollywood Africans Jon Batiste: Before music was something that was bought and sold and put into genre categories and all these things, it was the fabric of everyday life. It was a part of the functional community: There\'s music when someone\'s born, there\'s music when someone dies, there\'s music to eat to and music to sleep too, there\'s music ever']' but not to '['Represent this', 'Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever']'.

Question: Michael Collins, Apollo 11 Astronaut, Dies At 90

Collins flew on Apollo 11, the first lunar landing mission in 1969. As command module pilot, he didn't step on the moon but orbited 60 miles above as Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon.

Stories: 1) 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' Gears Up for New Season 2) Evangelist D. James Kennedy Dies at Age 76


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Question: Higgs And Aristotle: A Parable Of Ethers

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Aristotle and Peter Higgs walk into a pub. Higgs, as usual, orders a malt. Aristotle, more of a wine fellow, stays close to his Greek roots. "So, I hear they found it," says Aristotle, with a twinkle in his eye. "It sure took a long time, but I guess they did," answers Higgs, beaming. "You think 40-odd years is a long time? I waited 23 centuries!" "What are you talking about?" asks Higgs. "You don't mean to say that ... " "Of course I do," retorts Aristotle. "You call it a field, I call it the ether. In the end, it doesn't matter much, does it?" Read More "Yes it does," answers Higgs, hardly able to hide his outrage. "You just dreamed up this weird medium up there in the heavens. I actually did some calculations, you know, predicted stuff." "You scientists and your predicting and measuring ... really, all it takes is a good eye and imagination. Don't you think my ether is a great way to describe what's up there? "It was a great explanation 2,000 years ago, even some 500 years ago. But after Galileo and Kepler everything changed, you know?" Aristotle eyes Higgs with disdain. "Are you talking about this 'method' of yours?" "Yes, the scientific method, to be precise," answers Higgs. "The very useful notion that a hypothesis needs to be validated by experiments to be a meaningful description of how the world works." "Meaningful? I'd say that my philosophy was more meaningful to more people and for much longer than your science and its 'method.'" "True, your ideas reigned supreme for a long time and were indeed meaningful to many people. But being meaningful is not the same as being right." "And how do you know what is right?" counters Aristotle. "What you think is right today may be proven wrong tomorrow." "True, science is not infallible. But it's the best approach we have to get close to real answers as to how nature works," replies Higgs. "In my day what mattered was to be persuasive," reflects Aristotle, nostalgically. "You had a good argument and knew how to defend it against criticism and that was enough. People believed you. It wasn't easy though; the competition was fierce." "I'm sure it was. It still is! The difference is that we don't rely on strong argumentation, at least not exclusively. We need to have ideas tested. That's why the recent discovery of the Higgs particle is important." "Do you feel funny using your name on a particle?" "A little, but proud too." "I'm sure you do. Even if it's just another kind of ether." "A very different kind of ether from yours, A." "How so?" "It interacts with ordinary matter, the particles that make up water, earth, wind and fire. Your 'quintessence' didn't do that." "Of course not, it was a perfect and eternal substance, my ether." "Exactly; and we don't know anything like that," says Higgs. "Nothing is eternal in our universe." "And how do you know that?" asks Aristotle. "According to your own method, to know that something is eternal you'd need to run an experiment for all eternity, a complete nonsense. So, you can't prove that something is eternal!" "Touché, you got me," admits Higgs, a bit embarrassed. "There are things we can't know for sure." "Yes, indeed," replies Aristotle. "And that's where all the fun begins, where certainty ends." "Agreed. But to have your ideas validated is pretty powerful." "I'm sure it is, and that's why science matters. But before this whole thing about validation came to be, to have your ideas believed in was equally powerful," says Aristotle, eyeing his empty wine glass. "It's all a matter of what counts in your time." "Time for another one?" asks Higgs. "Sure. Perhaps after two or three you will understand me better." "Oh, I understand you very well, A.," says Higgs. "But I hope you understand me too." "Of course I do, Peter. Congratulations on your homonymous particle. I hope you don't mind if I keep calling it the ether." "Go right ahead, A. After all, there can be many kinds of ethers, right?" "Yeap, and many kinds of Higgses." "We will have to keep on looking," says Higgs. "What else is there to do?"  You can keep up with more of what Marcelo is thinking on Facebook and Twitter @mgleiser.

Stories: 1) Richard Dawkins: An Argument for Atheism 2) Francis Collins: A Scientist's Case for God 3) Van Sant's 'Paranoid Park,' a Tragic Triumph


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Question: As 2020 Election Approaches, Political Campaign Ads Take Over Social Media

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As the 2020 presidential election approaches, political campaigns are ramping up spending on digital ads on Facebook and Google. Host Jeremy Hobson speaks with Here & Now media analyst John Carroll (@john_r_carroll) about how much groups are investing and how effective those ads could be. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Premiere: Kelli Scarr's Nostalgic 'Driftwood'

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We first met Kelli Scarr when she assisted Moby in the NPR Music Series Project: Song. The duo bravely faced the challenge to write and record a song in just two days.  (You can watch their triumph here). Now Kelli Scarr is coming out with her own, debut solo album.  It's called Piece and we've got the first exclusive single, "Driftwood," available for free download. Scarr proves to be a courageous songwriter on Piece, one who makes herself incredibly vulnerable with each delicate track. Her soothing melodies are always the focus as the songs flow from resonating echoes of piano and guitar to stillness. Though at times ethereal, the album has a warm nostalgic style- especially in this charming, '50s pop song, "Driftwood." Scarr's voice seems effortless, but capturing that breezy tone was an exhaustive two-and-a-half-year process. Between touring with Moby's band and raising a child, Scarr found solace in this beautifully cathartic record, due out on July 27.

Set List  "Dimes For Nickels" "Your Love (All That I'm Missing)" "Oil In My Lamp" "Signs & Signifiers" "Fire Bug" "Abigail Blue" "North Side Gal" "Wolf Teeth"


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Question: Counterterrorism Experts Face Challenges Recognizing 'Lone Wolf' Terrorists

NPR's Audie Cornish interviews John Horgan, a professor at Georgia State University's Global Studies Institute, who studies how ISIS inspires "lone wolf" supporters.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No End In Sight As Government Shutdown Begins. -- Obama: 'Perpetual Cycle Of Brinksmanship ... Has To End.' -- In Talk Of Shutdown, A Familiar Feeling At The White House. And here are more early headlines: Despite Government Shutdown, Obamacare Opens Enrollment Today. (Reuters) Israeli Prime Minister Visits U.N. Today, Warning Against Iran. (CBS) U.S. Diplomats Expelled From Venezuela For 'Sabotage'. (CNN) Bangladesh Sentences Opposition Leader To Death For War Crimes. (BBC) Greece Cracks Down On Far Right Party Accused Of Murder, Corruption. (Guardian) Jury Seated In Insider Trading Trial Of Dallas Mavericks Owner. (New York Times) UC Berkeley Blast May Be Linked To Underground Copper Theft. (San Jose Mercury News) Police Catch Thief Sprayed With Liquid That Glows In Ultraviolet Light. (Reuters)


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Question: Starbucks Comes To Italy

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This week, Starbucks opens its first location in Italy. The new store is in Milan, which former Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz credits with the inspiration for the company.

represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth E.g. ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Trumpeter Dominick Farinacci has emerged as a young man whose versatile horn ranges from the soft and seductive to the rough and bluesy. His skills have earned him a headline spot with festivals worldwide, as well as recording dates with a list of jazz legends; he\'s also a composer with nine albums under his belt. Farinacci\'s first loves in trumpet were Louis Armstrong and Charlie Shavers, and particularly Clifford Brown. "I remember when I first heard [Clifford Brown] when I was 13 or 14 — I said, \'Okay, this guy only lived to be 25, 26, so by the time I\'m that age, I\'ve got to play on his level,\'" Farinacci says, laughing. "That hasn\'t happened. I\'m 28 now, so I\'m still waiting. But as you get older, you realize that you really can\'t compare what we\'re doing now to something that was happening 50, 60 years ago because everything\'s about the context of the time and different influences and all that. In terms of ability and melodic content, and phrasing and all that beautiful stuff, I think I\'ll spend a lifetime trying to attain that kind of warmth and ability level." Here, Farinacci performs "Lover Man," "Just One of Those Things" and an original tune, "Dawn of Goodbye."'] == ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "Dominick Farinacci On 'Piano Jazz: Rising Stars'"]

Good morning, here are our early stories: After Chávez: His 'Revolution' Is Likely To Continue. Storm Brings Season's Heaviest Snowfall To Midwest, Mid-Atlantic. And here are more early headlines: Brennan's CIA Nomination On 'Fast Track'; Vote May Come As Early As Thursday. (AP) Finally! Last Cardinal Expected Soon At Vatican To Help Choose New Pope. (CNN) Could Dow's New Record Prompt More Spending By Wealthy? (Marketwatch) European Union Fines Microsoft For Denying Consumers Web Browser Choice. (Reuters) After Two Years Of Fighting, Syria Has 1 Million Refugees. (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles City Councilman, Controller, Headed For Mayoral Runoff. (KPCC) Czech Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Under Attack By Hackers. (Reuters) Did The Duchess Of Cambridge Drop A Hint About Her Baby's Gender? (People)


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Question: Turkish Troops Mass Near Northern Iraq Border

The Turkish army clashed with Kurdish rebels Sunday in southeast Turkey, killing several. Turkey's military chief of staff recently called for cross-border operations in Iraqi Kurdistan.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Strong Quake Hits Near Iran-Iraq Border, Killing More Than 200.  -- Human Rights Barely Registers In Meeting Between Trump, Philippines' Duterte. -- Is A Corporate Tax Cut What The Economy Really Needs Right Now? --  Mueller Russia Probe Moves Into The White House And GOP's Math Problem On Taxes. And here are more early headlines: Democrats Draw Attention At U.N. Climate Conference. (Politico) Report: Syria Allegedly Starving Civilians To Force Surrender. (Amnesty International) Saudi Coalition To Ease, But Not Lift, Yemen Blockade. (VOA) North Korean Soldier Shot While Defecting To South Korea. (Yonhap) Eight Afghan Police Reportedly Killed In Western Province. (AP)  French Review Security, 2 Years After Paris Attacks. (Reuters) Menendez Jury Resumes Work With New Member. (NJ.com)


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Question: GOP Lawmakers Begin Push for Gay Marriage Ban

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Lawmakers in the Republican-controlled House and Senate take up President Bush's challenge to pass a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage. Majority Leader Bill Frist says the Senate could take up such a bill by summer. But many warn the process of ratifying a constitutional amendment is often lengthy. Hear NPR's David Welna.


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Question: Brain Surgeon Walks 6 Miles Through Storm To Save Patient

As cities in the southern U.S. continue to recover from the ice and snow storm that brought life to a standstill in many places this week, stories are emerging about the incredible things some people did to help out others. Let's start Friday with one of those tales. From Alabama, The Birmgham News writes that:  "Dr. Zenko Hrynkiw wonders what all the fuss is about. "The doctor who walked six miles in the snow to perform emergency life-saving brain surgery said any good doctor would do it. " 'It really wasn't that big of a deal,' Hrynkiw said, addressing reporters today at Trinity Medical Center where he is a neurosurgeon."  As the storm rolled over Birmingham on Tuesday, Hrynkiw was at one hospital — Brookwood Medical Center — when he got word that a patient at Trinity Medical Center had taken a turn for the worse, needed surgery as soon as possible and that no other surgeon there could do it. Driving wasn't an option because of the snow and ice. Emergency personnel were busy. So getting a lift didn't seem to be likely either. The patient had a "90 percent chance of dying" without the operation, Hrynkiw says. The doctor put a coat over his hospital scrubs. His shoes were covered by operating room "slip-ons." Hrynkiw set out. Birmingham's WVTM-TV writes that:  "He fell and rolled down a hill. He got back up. He even helped some drivers who were stuck along the way. He continued on his journey from Brookwood Medical Center to Trinity Medical Center. "To this 62-year-old doctor, nothing was more important than being in the operating room. " 'He was dying, so if he didn't have surgery he would be dead, and it's not going to happen on my shift,' Dr. Hrynkiw said."  The News has posted video of Hrynkiw's conversation with reporters. It was only when he was about a mile from Trinity Medical Center that he was able to catch a ride for the remainder of his journey, Hrynkiw says. The patient, by the way, is reportedly doing well after the surgery. Hospital officials say Hrynkiw is being modest. The News adds that:  "Keith Granger, CEO of Trinity, said Hrynkiw is humble, but it was more of a feat than the doctor describes. " 'It was not just a walk in the park,' Granger said. "Given the conditions, the temperatures and the terrain, 'it's a remarkable physical feat and mental feat. And we have an individual alive today who wouldn't be here if not for his efforts.' "

Good Tuesday morning - we're following these stories today: In Afghanistan: General's Plane Damaged; Afghans Start Spying On Own Troops.  As Deadline To Drop Out Nears, Rep. Akin's Best Defender Is His Opponent. Diana Nyad Ends Latest Bid to Swim From Cuba To Key West. Thousands Flee California Wildfire, One Of Many Blazes Scorching West. (Los Angeles Times) Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi Dies, Ally Of U.S. (BBC) South African Mine Drops Threat To Fire Striking Miners. (Financial Times) Jury Begins To Deliberate Whether Samsung Infringed On Apple Patents. (ComputerWorld) Tropical Depression Forms In Caribbean, Will Strengthen To Hurricane South Of Puerto Rico. (National Hurricane Center) Venezuelan Prisoners Riot As Families Visit; At Least 25 Dead. (AFP) Thieves Steal Floor Plans Of French Presidential Palace, Documents Not Classified. (AP) Good Samaritans Grab Wrong Man In Fight, Letting Robber Escape. (Central Jersey.com)


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Question: Congress Grills Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder On Flint Water Crisis

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Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder and the head of the Environmental Protection Agency field questions and attacks from members of Congress over the handling of the Flint, Mich., water crisis.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Iran's Foreign Minister: Renegotiating Nuclear Deal Would Damage U.S. Credibility. -- Border Patrol Agent Acquitted In 2012 Fatal Shooting Of Mexican Teen. -- Prince's Family Files Wrongful Death Suit Against Hospital, Pharmacy Chain. -- Facebook Updates Community Standards, Expands Appeals Process. And here are more early headlines: Report: Confirmation Hearing To Be Delayed For V.A. Nominee. (Washington Post) Suit Filed Against New Indiana Abortion Law. (Indianapolis Business Journal) Government Seeks E-Coli Source In Contaminated Lettuce. (Washington Post) Despite Government Action, Nicaragua Protests Continue. (Los Angeles Times) New Afghanistan Attacks Leave 9 Dead. (RFE/RL) Ukrainian Agency Hit By Ransomware. (Reuters)


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Question: Resource Shortage May Hurt Hmong Refugees

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Thousands of Hmong refugees are being resettled in the United States. Many fled their native Laos after Communist forces targeted them for aiding U.S. forces during the Vietnam War. Many speak no English, raising fears among government officials, who say budget cuts have hurt social services for the refugees. Minnesota Public Radio's Tom Scheck reports.


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Question: Former Skinhead On The Threat Of White Supremacist Violence In The U.S.

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After the racially charged violence in Charlottesville, Virginia, some have criticized the Trump administration for failing to follow through on a $400,000 grant to a group called Life After Hate. The organization rehabilitates former neo-Nazis and right-wing extremists. The Obama administration announced the grant in January, but it was canceled in June. Here & Now‘s Robin Young talks to Christian Picciolini (@cpicciolini), a former skinhead and co-founder of Life After Hate, about his group’s work in the wake of Charlottesville. Interview Highlights On his upbringing and the process of being recruited “You know, I came from a normal family. My parents were Italian immigrants who came to the U.S. in the mid-’60s. And I didn’t have a foundation of racism. There wasn’t any prejudice as part of my DNA. I just didn’t grow up that way. But because my parents were immigrants, they also had to work very hard, and that kept them away from home seven days a week, 14 hours a day, so I felt very abandoned as young boy. And, you know, they were very insulated in their community, so I didn’t really understand where I belonged. I didn’t know if I was Italian or American and I was bullied because of that. “You know, it started out as him boosting my pride. He saw me as this vulnerable young kid who really wanted to matter. He would tell me things like, ‘Your ancestors are great warriors and philosophers and artists.’ But then the language would change over time to say, ‘Your pride, somebody wants to take that away from you.’ And then, of course, it would ramp up to, ‘We have to eliminate the enemy that’s trying to take that away from you.’ So, you know, during those eight years there were levels of violence that, even today, remembering them, are troubling to me. There was a lot of recruitment of young people, and certainly I changed the lives of many people who either went to prison or ended up dead, not to mention the victims of our violence. It was an eight-year period where I really hated myself, and I was trying to project that hatred onto other people so I didn’t have to feel my own pain.” On his record store devoted to “white power music” “I certainly opened the store with the intention of selling white power music, and it was very successful — it was 75 percent of my revenue. But I also wanted to be a good businessperson, and I decided to expand and sell punk rock music and hip hop music and heavy metal. And what happened next I never would’ve expected. The people who came in to buy that music who were African American or Jewish or gay — instead of attacking me, they came in and showed me compassion. In fact, they showed me compassion when I least deserved it, and they were the people that I likely least deserved it from. And that allowed me to humanize them, because in my head, I had this picture of a monster of a parasite who was attacking me, when in reality, I had never had a meaningful interaction with the people that I thought I hated, and this allowed me to bridge that gap.” “We recognized that, if we wanted them, we needed to be like them, sound like them and look like them, and here we are 30 years later, and, in fact, that’s exactly what’s happening.” Christian Picciolini On the organization Life After Hate “When we first launched the organization in 2011, initially it wasn’t an intervention service. We were just speaking publicly and educating people and doing trainings. But we very rapidly saw the need of people who were reaching out to us unsolicited that wanted help disengaging from that movement. When we first started, we were getting about two request a week, and I can tell you, after the election, in 2016, we started to receive about four or five requests a day. “Sometimes people themselves will reach out to us if they feel stuck and can’t leave, because it’s so difficult to leave, and there were so many people that I knew in the movement who had questioned their ideology but couldn’t abandon their identity, their community and their sense of purpose because that’s all they had known. To start that process is very difficult, and we wanted to be able to help folks do that.” On why federal grant funding for Life After Hate was rescinded “Honestly, I don’t know. We were never given a reason. I did absolutely make some tweets that were critical, you know, I believe in speaking my mind and speaking against injustice, and a lot of the rhetoric and policy that’s coming out of this administration mimics a lot of what we used to say 30 years ago. It’s very anti-immigrant, it’s xenophobic, it’s bigoted, and certainly the white nationalists and the alt-right and the white supremacists, right now, are rejoicing over the fact that it appears the admi


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Question: Treasury Announces New TARP Rules Tuesday

The Obama administration is ready to reveal a revamped federal financial bailout program. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner on Tuesday outlines details of a plan that officials say will place more strings on banks getting a boost and dramatically increase loans made available to buy homes and cars and pay for college.

Good morning. Our early headlines: — Norwegian Admits Killing Dozens, But Defies Court — Death Toll Reaches Six In Oklahoma Tornado — Key Republican Hints At Broader Investigation Of Secret Service Other top stories: — Afghan Taliban says rehearsed attack for two months (Reuters) — Citigroup Profit Flat (WSJ) — Oracle-Google Trial Starts Monday; Outcome Could Affect All Developers (PC World) —U.S. Likely To Make A Profit On Bailouts, Treasury Says (L.A. Times)


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Question: Sabiduría: Japanese-Peruvian Internment

The internment of Japanese Americans is a notorious part of U.S. history. But more than 2,000 Latin Americans of Japanese ancestry were also interned here. We meet one survivor.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Use of Obama Photo in Campaign Angers Kenyans

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The dust-up caused by the photo that popped up this week featuring Senator Barack Obama in traditional Somali clothing during a trip to Kenya in 2006 hasn't cleared yet. It's rumored that the photo was sent to an online tabloid by a Hillary Clinton staffer.  Now, the Kenyan elders have demanded an apology from the Clinton campaign. Robert Siegel and Melissa Block explain. MELISSA BLOCK, host:  For a sign of how avidly the race between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama is being followed in Kenya, consider this: Remember the photo that circulated this week showing Barack Obama on a visit to northeastern Kenya in 2006? The photo where he's wearing a white turban and robe, a gift from tribal elders there. That photo popped up on The Dredge Report which said Hillary Clinton staffers had sent it. Obama's aides accused the Clinton camp of the most shameful, offensive, fearmongering.  In their debate this week, Clinton said she knew nothing about the photo and Obama said he took her at her word and said the issue should be set aside. End of story? Not for the tribal elders in the remote Kenyan village that Obama visited. The elders have demanded an apology from Clinton. They held two crises meetings yesterday and they plan to file an official complaint with the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi. They say Clinton must clear her name and if no apology is forthcoming, the elders say they may impose a fine on Clinton, payable in livestock: cattle, goats or camels.

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Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

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Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Snakes Dens Of Narcisse

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--- NPR's Alex Chadwick travels to the Snake Dens of Narcisse in Manitoba on his latest journey for National Geographic Radio Expeditions. He wmehes thousands of garter snakes mating, a 'seething mass of rather remarkable serpents,' in the words of an Australian biologist who accompanies him.

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Nathan Sawaya: Another Brick In The Wall

Learn obscure LEGO trivia from the corporate lawyer-turned-artist, Nathan Sawaya, who now boasts owning over 4 million bricks. The largest LEGO structure ever built weighed 46,000 pounds, and was a model of...what? OPHIRA EISENBERG, HOST:  You're listening to ASK ME ANOTHER from NPR and WNYC. I'm Ophira Eisenberg and with me is our one-man house band Jonathan Coulton and our puzzle guru Art Chung. And let's welcome our Very Important Puzzler Nathan Sawaya. (APPLAUSE) NATHAN SAWAYA: Thank you. Thank you very much. EISENBERG: So, Nathan, for those of us who do not know, what exactly is a Lego artist? SAWAYA: Well, I am an artist who works with Lego. EISENBERG: Yes. SAWAYA: Which means I create large-scale sculptures using just Lego bricks. EISENBERG: And you were originally a corporate lawyer in New York that... SAWAYA: It's true. EISENBERG: ...left his job to pursue said art sculptures out of Lego. That, to me, I mean, I've done a lot of risky stuff in my life but that sounds pretty risky. SAWAYA: There was a time when I was practicing law in New York and I wanted to find something else to do. So I ended up leaving the practice of law to pursue my art and it just happened to be out of Lego bricks. EISENBERG: Were you always into art, like, as a - were you... SAWAYA: Well, I went to college and I actually got out of college and felt like I didn't have faith in my art. So what does a young budding artist do? Of course, they go to law school. (LAUGHTER) EISENBERG: Right. What kind of stuff did - what other mediums were you working in, in college? SAWAYA: I've worked with more traditional media like clay and wire and I did a series of sculptures out of candy. EISENBERG: OK. SAWAYA: But eventually, I just thought about this toy from my childhood and thought what could I create out of this. And it just kind of grew and grew into my career. EISENBERG: So at what point-and you don't go to your job one day, I assume, at the law firm and go, you know what? I have this idea. I'm going to start doing this. See you later, everybody. SAWAYA: I would come home at night and I would need some sort of creative outlet. People, you know, at the end of the day some people go to the gym. Some people go to the bar. For me, I would want to create. And I... EISENBERG: Did you just point at me with the bar thing? SAWAYA: I'm just saying. I'm just saying. (LAUGHTER) SAWAYA: And I would end up drawing and writing and painting and one day it was just sculpting. And then I thought Lego bricks. EISENBERG: Yeah. SAWAYA: And it just kind of took off from there. EISENBERG: And you had some. SAWAYA: I had some. I dug it out from my childhood Lego bricks, started clicking them together, and did some large-scale pieces. Friends and family encouraged me. Eventually put together a website. It was actually the day the website crashed from too many hits that I realized you know what? Time to make a change. Left the law firm behind and went to become a fulltime artist. EISENBERG: Wow. Wait a second. How many Lego pieces right now are, say, in like a studio of yours? SAWAYA: I have about four million Lego bricks. EISENBERG: OK. SAWAYA: And then a few million in storage and, you know, in case something comes up. EISENBERG: Sure. Yeah. (LAUGHTER) EISENBERG: Spontaneous Lego party. Are they giving them to you at this point or--? SAWAYA: I still pay for them. EISENBERG: What? SAWAYA: I buy my bricks just like everyone else. Yeah. EISENBERG: At cost? SAWAYA: It's by far my biggest capital expense, yeah. EISENBERG: Wow. That's amazing. OK. Nathan, to continue on a theme here right now, you are going to help us out with our next contestant who is on the phone. That's right; you don't have to live in Brooklyn to be on our show. So here we go. Hello. You're on ASK ME ANOTHER. TONY PHAM: Hi. This is Tony Pham in San Francisco, California. EISENBERG: Now, what do you do in San Francisco? PHAM: I work at an artificial intelligence robotics company. EISENBERG: Oh. Me too. (LAUGHTER) EISENBERG: Has Lego inspired any of the things that you do in your job? PHAM: It does, absolutely, actually. We are like Mario Cart in the real world. You play the game on your iPhone and then you see physical robotic cars actually race around a track. And so a lot of us played with Legos as kids and with slot cars and it's all about how you can try to make entertainment, actually, more engaging. Because there hasn't been a ton of innovation in toys lately. JONATHAN COULTON: Tony, can I come over? (LAUGHTER) EISENBERG: Tony, I'm here with Lego sculptor, artist Nathan Sawaya and he is going to help us with a game and this game is called Another Brick in the Wall. So let's see what you know about the wonderful world of Legos. I'm going to ask you a question that has multiple choices. You are going to pick which one you think and then Nathan will tell you if you are right or wrong. And if you get enough questions correct we are going to send you a special, highly intelligent, ASK ME ANOT

Stories: 1) Chuck Close Celebrated in Dance and Print 2) Dominating the '60s Charts: A Motown Profile 3) Richard Gere Plays on 4) When the Devil You Know Turns Out to be Family


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Question: To Bash or Not to Bash

Opponents of adding gays and lesbians to federal hate crimes protections say they're not needed and punish free speech. Hogwash, says Clyde Wadsworth.

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Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: The Curious Stardust At The Ocean Floor

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Researchers report in the journal Science that they appear to have some clues about the origin of Earth's plutonium - which has been long debated. Correspondent Nell Greenfieldboyce explains that traces of rare forms of iron and plutonium have been found in extraterrestrial debris that had sunk to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, hauled up by an oil company, then donated for research. By comparing the iron and the plutonium, scientists found the plutonium was likely forged in a cosmic cataclysm, perhaps a rare kind of supernova, and then rained down on Earth. Ever find yourself existentially musing? Wondering about the state of the cosmos? Drop us a line at shortwave@npr.org and we might jump into a wormhole with you.


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Question: Russian Internet Access

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Eve Conant reports from Moscow on moves by the FSB - the successor to the KGB - to monitor internet communications. The intelligence agency wants internet service providers to install fiber optic cables linking the providers and the FSB. There has even been talk of having the service providers pay for the installation. Many users and providers are protesting this potential surveillance.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

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From one of Ted's recommended recordings of Stravinsky's Petrushka, we'll hear the final scenes. Pierre Boulez conducts the New York Philharmonic in a 1969 recording. (Sony SMK 64 109)

2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: Governor Napolitano on Here and Now

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Governor Napolitano joined Steve Goldstein on KJZZ's Here and Now.  As part of her usual monthly visit, she talked about issues facing the state, campaign politics and answered listener comments and questions as well.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Washington's Weiner; Sarah Palin's Mystery Tour; A Good Reason to Hang up the Phone.


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Question: Later This Hour We'll Hear

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Later this hour we'll hear an interview from Atlanta with violinist Robert McDuffie, who's part of the 1996 Cultural Olympic Festival. Here he is playing the second movement from Leonard Bernstein's Serenade for Violin, String Orchestra, Harp and Percussion. Leonard Slatkin conducts the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra. (EMI/Angel 7 49464 2)

Stories: 1) Peter Sagal, Exploring 'Vice' So We Don't Have To 2) A Chorus of Movie Musicals Reprised on DVD


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Question: The Tale Of 3 Stolen Trees And A Community In Bloom

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After three fruit trees were stolen from a Boise cathedral's orchard, the community donated so many trees that the orchard doubled in size. Joe Prin, the cathedral's superintendent, tells the story.

Stories: 1) Paul Greenberg: The Future Of 'Wild Fish' 2) Two Ladies: Are You Team Bella, Or Team Lisbeth? 3) Seventeen Years Later, The Blue Shadows Reach U.S.


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

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Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


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Question: Rape Comment Hangs Over Senate Race In Indiana

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Given ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'This post was updated at 8:14 p.m. ET. Malaysia\'s Prime Minister Najib Razak said Monday that new analysis of the flight path of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 showed that it "ended in the southern Indian Ocean." Speaking at a news conference in Kuala Lumpur, Razak said the U.K. Air Accidents Investigation Branch and the U.K.-based satellite company Inmarsat had used a first-of-its-kind analysis to determine the course of the Boeing 777 and the 239 passengers and crew aboard. Most of the people aboard the Beijing-bound flight from Kuala Lumpur were Chinese nationals. "Based on their new analysis, Inmarsat and the AAIB have concluded that MH370 flew along the southern corridor and that its last position was in the middle of the Indian Ocean, west of Perth," the prime minister said. "This is a remote location, far from any possible landing sites," Razak added. "It is therefore that with deep sadness and regret that I must inform you that with this new data, Flight MH370 ended in the southern Indian Ocean." He said Malaysia Airlines had informed the families of the news. In a statement, the airline said it "regrets that we have to assume beyond any reasonable doubt that MH370 has been lost and that no one aboard survived." "The ongoing multinational search operation will continue, as we seek answers to the questions which remain. Alongside the search for MH370, there is an intensive investigation, which we hope will also provide answers," the statement read. The airline also tweeted: "We humbly offer our sincere thoughts, prayers and condolences to everyone affected by #MH370 tragedy." If the analysis proves correct, it would put to rest part of the mystery surrounding the disappearance of the airliner on March 8. That event launched the largest-ever air-and-sea search and spawned numerous theories about why the aircraft\'s communications went silent just as it made a radical course change and disappeared from radar scopes. Even if wreckage from the plane is found, however, it could be some time before the plane\'s flight data recorder could be recovered from the Indian Ocean. If it is recovered, it could take weeks or months more before details of what happened in the airplane are learned. The Associated Press quotes Wang Zhen, whose father and mother were aboard the plane, as saying he received a text message in English from the airline advising him of the findings and Razak\'s pending news conference. Hours after the Malaysian prime minister\'s announcement, China\'s foreign ministry demanded all information related to the missing airliner. "China has already demanded that Malaysia further provides all information and evidence about how it reached this conclusion," the ministry said in a statement. Updated at 8:02 p.m. ET. Search Operations On Hold:  Australia suspended Monday\'s search for the missing jetliner because of "poor weather conditions." The Australian Maritime Safety Authority said they expect the search to continue tomorrow "if weather conditions permit." Our original post continues: Australian and Chinese planes spotted several floating objects in the southern Indian Ocean that could be wreckage from Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, missing since March 8. Ships have been dispatched to investigate. Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott described one object observed by an Australian P-3 Orion as circular and gray and another as rectangular and orange. Both were reported to be floating just below the surface. Malaysia\'s Transport Minister Hishammuddin Hussein says the objects could be recovered in the next few hours. The Australian navy supply ship HMAS Success arrived in the area Monday and was trying to locate the objects, the Sydney Morning Herald reports. Meanwhile, China\'s Xinhua News Agency reports that a Chinese IL-76 aircraft that\'s been combing the search zone located two other large objects and several small ones spread out over several square kilometers of ocean. The Associated Press says:  "At least one of the items — a white, square-shaped object — was captured on a camera aboard the plane, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said. " \'We are still racing against time,\' Hong said at a ministry briefing. \'As long as there is a glimmer of hope, our search efforts will carry on.\' "China has redirected the icebreaker Snow Dragon toward the latest find, and that ship was due to arrive early Tuesday. Six other Chinese ships have been directed toward the search zone along with 20 fishing vessels that have been asked to help, Lei said."  The visual sightings follow satellite images of objects suspected of being possible wreckage that were reported over the weekend. Tropical Cyclone Gillian is bearing down on the Indian Ocean. Australia\'s Deputy Prime Minister Warren Truss said "forecasts ahead are not all that good" for the search area. But the Australian Maritime Safety Authority tweeted that the search would not be affected by the storm system. As a "precautionary measure in case a debris fiel'], a positive would be ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR.', "Analysis Shows Flight 370 'Ended' In Indian Ocean, Malaysia Says"]

Republicans are hoping to gain control of the U.S. Senate. The path toward victory had Indiana solidly on their side. That was, until Indiana's treasurer Richard Mourdock beat longtime Sen. Richard Lugar in the primary. Then, during a debate on Oct. 23, Mourdock and his Democratic opponent, Congressman Joe Donnelly, were asked about abortion and contraception. Like Donnelly, Mourdock said he was against abortion. "The only exception I have ... to have on abortion is in that case of the life of the mother. I struggled with it myself for a long time, but I came to realize life is that gift from God," Mourdock said. "And I think even when life begins in that horrible situation of rape, that it is something that God intended to happen." It's the second time in recent months that a Republican Senate candidate has jeopardized a victory with comments about rape and abortion. Congressman Todd Akin is behind in the polls in Missouri after a similar remark in August. Mourdock's comments have put him in the same bind; his statement sent a shudder through the Republican Party. GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney had only just waded into the campaign, cutting a commercial for Mourdock. His campaign was quick to say that the nominee disagreed with Mourdock. Mourdock says his comments were misinterpreted for political gain. "When I walked off the stage, I expected, walking to my green room, to get high-fives because I had no idea that the statement that I made would possibly go a direction that it went," he told reporters a few days later in Greenfield. "I didn't think that anyone could possibly begin to take those words and construe a meaning from them that was never intended and certainly never meant." Mourdock remains beloved by conservatives and members of the Tea Party, especially after defeating Lugar, a fellow Republican. Carol Stover, owner of Carol's Cornerstone Cafe, opened her restaurant to the Mourdock campaign. "I think it's been blown out of proportion, really. I think he made a mistake, and he's probably sorry for it. Maybe. I don't know," she says. "But it doesn't bother me. It doesn't stand in my way. ... Everybody has their opinion." Stover says she already voted for Mourdock, and his debate statement wouldn't have made a difference if she hadn't. Many other women apparently aren't as forgiving. A new poll shows Donnelly with a lead, largely thanks to women. The Democrat is trying to pick up those women and moderates turned off by Mourdock. "I think Indiana's tradition has always been people like Richard Lugar, people like Evan Bayh, who have always tried to make sure that good decisions and sound decisions are made," Donnelly says. In his stump speech, Donnelly rarely — if ever — mentions the Democratic Party or President Obama. That's probably shrewd politics in a state that will likely vote solidly for Romney. "That's where my focus is. Those other races will take care of themselves, but I'm doing everything I can on the Senate level," he says. Other people are focusing on the Indiana race as well: 24 million in outside money has poured into the contest — $8 million of which came in the last week. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:  We turn now to the race for the U.S. Senate in Indiana. That race has tightened in recent weeks, in part because of a controversial statement about rape and abortion made by Republican candidate Richard Mourdock. It's the second time in recent months that a Republican Senate candidate has made headlines with such comments. Congressman Todd Akin is behind in the polls in Missouri after making a similar remark in August. NPR's Sonari Glinton reports on how now Mourdock is in the same bind. SONARI GLINTON, BYLINE: Republicans have been hoping to gain control of the U.S. Senate. The path towards victory had Indiana solidly on their side. That was, until Indiana's treasurer, Richard Mourdock, beat longtime Senator Richard Lugar in the primary. Then, during a recent debate, Mourdock and his Democratic opponent, Congressman Joe Donnelly, were asked about abortion and contraception. Like Donnelly, Mourdock said he was against abortion. RICHARD MOURDOCK: The only exception I have for, to have on abortion is in that case of the life of the mother. I struggled with it myself for a long time, but I came to realize life is that gift from God. And I think even when life begins in that horrible situation of rape, that it is something that God intended to happen. GLINTON: Mourdock's statement sent a shudder through the Republican Party. Mitt Romney had only just waded into the campaign, cutting a commercial for Mourdock. His campaign was quick to say that the nominee disagreed with Mourdock. And Mourdock says his comments were misinterpreted for political gain. MOURDOCK: When I walked off the stage, I expected, walking to my green room, to get high fives because I had no idea that the statement that I made would possibly go a direction that it went. I didn't think that anyone could possibly begin to t

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: In Syria, Two Opponents Of The Regime Fight Each Other

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In a small border town in northern Syria, there are two groups that both oppose President Bashar Assad's regime. But instead of working in tandem, the Syrian rebels and a Kurdish militia have been battling each other in the town of Ras al-Ayn. Sally Ali, a 26-year-old resident of Ras al-Ayn, told NPR by phone that the streets are completely empty. "It's a ghost town," she says. She estimates about half of the town's residents fled to nearby villages; the other half are trapped in their homes by the ongoing violence. The Kurdish militia is known as the Kurdish Democratic Union Party, or PYD, and it has exercised almost complete control in Ras al-Ayn since government troops withdrew last July. However, the rebels of the Free Syrian Army are eager to capture the strategically important border town and are suspicious that the PYD made a deal with Assad's government to facilitate its withdrawal. As we reported back in November, there were tensions and clashes as the rebels moved in. Eventually a truce calmed things down, but beneath the surface, those tensions simmered. Renewed Fighting Last week, fighting flared up again. Activists say the Free Syrian Army is launching mortars and using tanks to fire into civilian areas, and more than 50 people have been killed. Kaniwar, who wouldn't give his last name for safety concerns, is a Syrian Kurd from Ras al-Ayn. He spoke to NPR by phone from the nearby village he fled to after the fighting intensified. "I'm shocked. I'm shocked by FSA's behavior. ... We thought it is a national army, defending our homeland, not shelling civilians." he says. Kainwar, 28, was a hairdresser before the uprising began in March 2011. He says that in the early months of the uprising he was with the opposition, marching alongside Arab Syrians in peaceful protest. But now, he has lost faith. "I think we are all stunned," Ali says. She too once supported the FSA rebels, but not anymore. "It's obvious that the FSA is helping create conflict between Arabs and Kurds." Maria Fantappie, a researcher with the International Crisis Group, says, "Syria's Kurds are fighting for their rights within the larger struggle of all Syrian people." Fantappie, who contributed to a recent report on Syria's Kurds, says they have often faced discrimination and been denied citizenship under Assad's rule. So when the uprising began, many Kurds saw it as an opportunity to carve out more autonomy for themselves. Fantappie says that at the moment the conflict is a political one, mainly between the PYD militia and the FSA rebels, and not between Kurds and Arabs. But, she warns, it has the potential to mutate into ethnic strife. "What is dangerous and what is my fear, is that this one development in Ras al-Ayn will trigger hostility between the Kurdish population and the rest of the country." Fantappie pauses and adds: "This is really the danger." Rima Marrouch contributed to this report

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Provided: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Last week, we spoke with singer Simone (whose legal name is Lisa Simone Kelly) about her first album, Simone on Simone. Her mother is the inimitable Nina Simone, a woman who traveled from the segregated South to concert halls and stages around the world, and finally left the United States in disgust over what she saw as naked racism. Her daughter, Simone, said she was fierce "from the rooter to the tooter" -- a woman who never marched to anyone else\'s beat. But her beat lives on. Her work is now remixed by hip electronica DJs and sampled by hip hop artists including Talib Kweli ("Sinnerman") and Common featuring Kanye West ("Misunderstood"). And you\'ll still hear the originals of plenty of her songs, from "Young Gifted and Black" to "My Baby Just Cares for Me" (which was part of a famous, languidly sensual, Chanel No. 5 advertisement). And Nina Simone also sang a very different kind of song... "Mississippi Goddam," which she wrote to protest the tragedies of the civil rights era, including the murder of four girls in the church bombing in Birmingham. Simone told us a bit about her mother\'s journey in singing "Missippi Goddamn," a portion of the interview we could not include on air. Take a listen by clicking the link above. Of course, in addition to to Nina Simone, her daughter Simone is a talent in her own right ... as her new album reveals.']" Match: "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Simone and ... Simone: The Great Nina and Daughter']"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Strong Quake Hits Near Iran-Iraq Border, Killing More Than 200.  -- Human Rights Barely Registers In Meeting Between Trump, Philippines' Duterte. -- Is A Corporate Tax Cut What The Economy Really Needs Right Now? --  Mueller Russia Probe Moves Into The White House And GOP's Math Problem On Taxes. And here are more early headlines: Democrats Draw Attention At U.N. Climate Conference. (Politico) Report: Syria Allegedly Starving Civilians To Force Surrender. (Amnesty International) Saudi Coalition To Ease, But Not Lift, Yemen Blockade. (VOA) North Korean Soldier Shot While Defecting To South Korea. (Yonhap) Eight Afghan Police Reportedly Killed In Western Province. (AP)  French Review Security, 2 Years After Paris Attacks. (Reuters) Menendez Jury Resumes Work With New Member. (NJ.com)


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Question: Superstitions You Can Believe In

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Barack Obama shoots hoops for good luck, and John McCain has been known to break out his special L.L. Bean shoes.  Guests and listeners discuss the role of superstition in politics.  Which "lucky charms" will be brought into the White House? Guests: Dana Milbank, national political columnist for the Washington Post, author of A Candidate's Lucky Charms: John McCain Is Hoping Superstition Will See Him Through from the 2000 Republican primaries. Matthew Hutson, news editor for Psychology Today, author of "Magical Thinking - Even hard-core skeptics can't help but find sympathy in the fabric of the universe - and occasionally try to pull it".

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Miss Universe Has Its First Trans Contestant — While Miss USA Stirs Criticism

Updated Dec. 26, 2018 at 1:37 p.m. ET If you didn't catch this year's Miss Universe competition — that's just fine. But you missed a few happenings at the pageant in Bangkok, which crowned Miss Philippines, Catriona Gray, the winner Monday morning local time. Miss Spain makes history Spain's Angela Ponce became the competition's first transgender contestant. A model from Seville, Ponce beat 22 other contestants to be named Miss Spain.  "Trans women have been persecuted and erased for so long. I'm showing that trans women can be whatever they want," Ponce told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. "I am proud to have the opportunity to use this platform for a message of inclusion, tolerance and respect for the LGBT+ community." Ponce says she was all set to compete for the Miss World competition in 2015 when she learned that the pageant had a rule prohibiting trans women from winning.   "It crushed me," she said in an interview with Time last month. "I had to go on and perform, and it felt horrible. But after I got to the Miss Universe final, Miss World changed their rules too. I changed the rules." Miss Universe lifted its ban on transgender competitors in 2012. The pageant, then owned by Donald Trump, changed its policy following blowback after Canadian officials disqualified a contestant when they learned she was trans. (The contestant, Jenna Talackova, was eventually allowed to compete in the Miss Universe Canada pageant, where she finished in the top 12.) "I'm competing because it's what I've wanted to do since I was a little girl," Ponce told Time. "I'm showing that trans women can be whatever they want to be: a teacher, a mother, a doctor, a politician and even Miss Universe." Ponce, 27, didn't make it past the first round of the competition, but she was feted with a special tribute during the finals. A video showed Ponce's path to the current moment, including her account of bullying she experienced as a child. At last, Ponce walked onto the stage and held her Spain sash aloft while she clutched her heart. Miss USA says she is sorry Meanwhile, Miss USA, Sarah Rose Summers, was criticized for remarks about two of her fellow contestants that struck some as condescending and xenophobic. In an online video posted Wednesday, Summers and the contestants from Colombia and Australia talk about Miss Vietnam.  "She's so cute," Summers says. "And she pretends to know so much English, and then you ask her a question after having a whole conversation with her, and she goes [smiles blankly and nods]. She's adorable." "Miss Cambodia is here and doesn't speak any English and not a single other person speaks her language. Can you imagine?" Summers says in another clip. "Francesca [Miss Australia] said that would be so isolating, and I said yes, and just confusing all the time." "Poor Cambodia," she says. A prominent fashion Instagram account, Diet Prada, shared the video and compared Summers to Mean Girls mean girl Regina George, writing: "This is basically what normalized xenophobia looks like. If she's trying to show empathy, the condescending, intolerant tone tells a different story. A reminder that you're participating in a competition in a country/continent where English is NOT the primary language." Summers later posted a picture to Instagram in which she is hugging Miss Cambodia, Rern Sinat, and said she had learned from the experience. "In a moment where I intended to admire the courage of a few of my sisters, I said something that I now realize can be perceived as not respectful, and I apologize," Summers wrote. "My life, friendships, and career revolve around me being a compassionate and empathetic woman. I would never intend to hurt another. I am grateful for opportunities to speak with Nat, Miss Cambodia, and H'Hen, Miss Vietnam, directly about this experience. These are the moments that matter most to me."   Late for the ball, but right on time for the grand tour The best story from this year's pageant — and honestly, we have no idea how there is this much Miss Universe news — is the tale of a contestant who never stepped onto the stage. Miss Sierra Leone, Marie Esther Bangura, had to travel to Ghana and then Nigeria to apply for a Thai visa. That took two weeks, and she arrived in Bangkok a few days too late to compete, according to the Bangkok Post.  But local Thais were sympathetic to her plight. One them gave Bangura a tour of Bangkok's temples and took photos of her posing in traditional Thai clothing. "I always wanted to represent my country and that's why I tried so hard to be here," Bangura said, according to the Post. "Since I'm not competing, I still feel good because I got to meet people and learn new things. I know everything you go through you learn a lesson, and I've learned a lesson. I've met different people. I feel so much loved and excited."

Good morning - we're looking at these stories today: Fierce Fighting Continues In Syria As U.N. General Assembly Prepares To Vote. It's 'Kiss In' Day At Chick-Fil-A For Gay Rights Activists. China Gets Hit With Two Hurricanes, Just Hours Apart. (CNN) Tropical Storm Ernesto Forms In Caribbean, Heading For Gulf Of Mexico. (AP) Jailed Islamist Cleric Threatens War If Myanmar Continues To Abuse Rohingya Muslims. (AFP) Spain's Borrowing Costs Go Up As Speculation Grows Over A Possible Bailout. (AP) Russian President Putin Suggests Leniency For Girl Punk Band Facing Charges Of Denouncing Him. (Moscow Times) U.S. Nuclear Processing Facility Closed After Four Protesters Get Through Security. (Reuters) Baseball All-Star Cal Ripken, Jr. Asks For Public's Help In Nabbing His Mother's Kidnapper. (Baltimore Sun) American Gymnastics Gold Medalist Gabby Douglas Is On 'Cloud Nine'. (People)


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Haiti Elections Again Delayed

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Haiti postpones elections, originally scheduled for November of 2005.  Journalist and author Michael Deibert provides an update on Haiti's ongoing political crisis and why presidential elections seem to be mired in a series of delays.

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Good morning, here are some of the headlines we're following: As Feared, JP Morgan's Losses Are Growing; Reportedly At $3 Billion. Minorities Are Majority Of U.S. Births, Census Says. Activist Chen May Soon Have Passport, Be Able To Leave China. NATO Summit Opens This Weekend In Chicago; Pakistani President To Attend. (CNN) Trial Of Accused Serbian War Criminal Ratko Mladic Delayed Indefinitely Over Prosecution Errors. (Telegraph) Greece Gets Caretaker Government, Banking Crisis Looms. (Washington Post) Arizona Wildfire Grows Rapidly, Threatens Historic, Rural Community. (Arizona Republic) Closing Arguments Set For Today In Edwards Corruption Trial. (CBS) Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s Wife Found Dead At Home In New York (New York Times) Moderate Earthquake Shakes East Texas Early Today - Second Tremor This Week. (Longview News-Journal)


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Question: China Turns Attention to Homeless

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Last week's earthquake left more than 80,000 dead.  The Chinese government is now scaling back rescue operations and turning its attention to the millions of homeless and injured needing shelter and medical care. Madeleine Brand talks with  Anthony Kuhn in Chengdu, China. MADELEINE BRAND, host:   The quake that has already happened and some real numbers. In China, more than 50,000 people are dead, nearly 30,000 are still missing, and five million people are homeless. NPR's Anthony Kuhn joins us from Chengdu, China. Anthony, is there still a search-and-rescue operation going on? or have Chinese officials moved on?  ANTHONY KUHN: Rescue operations are continuing, but they've already scaled them back. Yesterday, rescue workers managed to save a woman who was trapped in a tunnel under a collapsed hydropower plant. She had survived for nine days. Today they did not find anybody. So gradually, yes, the government is shifting its focus to treating the roughly 300,000 who were injured in the earthquake, and dealing with the housing for the roughly five million local residents who are homeless. They're still very short of tents and supplies, people have been surviving on instant noodles for many days, and clearly they're getting pretty sick of those.   BRAND: And a national mourning period just ended. Did a lot of people there see it? And how did they see it, if they did?  KUHN: Yes, for three days, there was no entertainment on TV or in different communities. There were books for people to write their condolences in at embassies, Chinese embassies, all over the world, and I think most people responded to this positively. A lot of people said that China's leadership picked up on what was a very popular suggestion on the Internet, and it helped to reinforce what these leaders have been saying now for several years, which is that they want to put people first.   And a very interesting sign of how people took this, there was some criticism on the Internet. In fact, there was a video which one young woman criticized the mourning period, because she was not able to go online and play games, and instantly there was an Internet witch-hunt in which this complaining woman was hunted down, and actually, the police eventually arrested her. So it seems, in other words, to have had a unifying effect, and it was very useful in focusing the attention on people's grief and letting them vent for awhile.  BRAND: Thanks, Anthony.   KUHN: Thank you, Madeleine.   BRAND: That's NPR's Anthony Kuhn reporting from Chengdu, China.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Attack On University In Pakistan Kills At Least 20. -- Fire At Dubai High-Rise Tower Is Blamed On Electrical Issue In Spotlight. And here are more early headlines: Coast Guard Suspends Search Off Hawaii For Missing Marines. (KHON-TV) Portland Demonstrators Tell Armed Group On Federal Land To Go Home. (KOPB) Global Selloff In Asian Markets Continues. (MarketWatch) Report: Kurd Militias Tearing Down Arab Homes In Iraq. (Amnesty International) ISIS Confirms Suspicion That "Jihadi John" Killed. (New York Times) U.S. Official Urges China To Show "Leadership" With North Korea. (Yonhap) Fairy Tales May Be Older Than Some Religions. (Discovery News) To Help Some Farmers, Coconut Trees Aren't Trees Anymore In Indian State. (AP)


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Question: In The Loop: "Best of The LoopCast"

(Length: 47 min.) Before In The Loop went weekly, there was a little thing called The LoopCast.  We collected some of our favorite clowning from those glory days, including "This American Loop" and "Public Radio Laboratories."

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Cheney's $1.9 Million Tax Refund

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According to the "first tax return," President Bush made $735,180 in gross income last year, including his salary of about $400,000 and other investment income. He and Mrs. Bush paid $187,768 in taxes. Interesting. But get this: Vice President Cheney and his wife Lynne brought in a gross household income of $8,819,006. After they gave a lot -- and I mean a lot -- of that to charity, the family's taxable income was $1,961,157. But because so much cash went through their accounts, the IRS withheld a whole lot more than the Cheneys owe -- the result being, and I hope you're sitting down here, a roughly $1.9 million tax refund. Now, if you're like me, you make elaborate plans for your tax refund. Most years I use mine on the house or the car... maybe a new computer or something. This year, mine will buy me a couple of extra months of maternity leave. But imagine the possibilities if your tax refund was close to $2 million. Not just go on a resort vacation, but buy the resort?! I look forward to your suggestions for the Cheneys.

Stories: 1) Candidates' Prescriptions for Health Care Reform 2) Mark McKinney's Outrageous Comic Fortune


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Question: The California Report

Healthcare Reform Update. Eminent Domain on K Street. End Music.


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Question: Short Of Cash, Arizona To Sell State Buildings

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For instance, <<['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "David Greene talks to Democratic Rep. Mike Quigley of Illinois about congressional probes into President Trump, and where they'll go in the future. NPR's Scott Horsley weighs in on the topic."]>>  to "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'House Intelligence Committee Plans To Talk To More Trump Associates']"

Arizona on Tuesday begins selling stakes in many of its public buildings — including prisons, the public safety headquarters and even state legislative buildings. The state will lease back the facilities in a plan to raise much-needed cash for the state. Officials hope to raise $735 million.

Good Thursday morning, here are our early stories: In Israel And Gaza Strip: More Explosions, Deaths On Both Sides. BP Expected To Plead Guilty, Pay Record Fine In Gulf Oil Spill Criminal Case. And here are more headlines: Gen. Petraeus Agrees To Testify Before Congress On Benghazi Attack. (Los Angeles Times) Home Foreclosures Up In Oct., But Fall From Last Year's Level. (Reuters) Eurozone Countries Plunge Back Into Recession. (BBC) Ill Indian Woman Denied Abortion In Ireland, Dies. (AFP) Colorado Theater Shooting Suspect In Hospital After Ramming Head Into Jail Wall. (Denver Post) States Face Friday Deadline On Whether To Run Health Insurance Exchanges. (McClatchy Newspapers) Ecuador To Kill Millions Of Rats To Preserve Galapagos Islands Rare Species. (AP) World's Biggest Liar Contest Coming In England: Politicians, Lawyers Not Allowed. (AP)


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Question: Commentary: Running the Redwoods Marathon

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Commentator Dianna Douglas reports from the Avenue of the Giants in Northern California, where she recently ran her first marathon.  She tells of the excruciating pain and exhaustion she felt after running the 26.2-mile course.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: Rep. McClintock, R-Sacramento?

A little political intrigue for the end of the week, as a newspaper report suggests California¿s most recognizable conservative lawmaker may be considering a run for Congress from Sacramento.
Washington, D.C. based Roll Call reports today that state Sen. Tom McClintock (R-Thousand Oaks) may run for the U.S. House of Representatives seat representing California¿s 4th district. [...]

Are Democrats In Congress Trying To Thwart Calif. Redistricting?  - Brain Researcher Antonio Damasio


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Question: Snow Forecast for Mountain Passes Christmas Weekend

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If you're driving across Washington's Interstate 90 Snoqualmie Pass to visit friends and family this weekend, make note of this warning from the Washington State Department of Transportation: DOT officials say Saturday morning is NOT the best time to drive to grandma's house.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In China, Obama Touts Visa Deal, Progress On Free-Trade Pact. -- Bombing At Nigerian High School Kills Dozens. -- Will Jeb Bush Run For President? His Brother Says Maybe. -- Study: Detergent Pods Can Harm Children Who Play With Them. And here are more early headlines: Chinese, Japanese Leaders Meet In Ice-Breaking Talks. (Wall Street Journal) Frigid Weather Plunging South Into U.S., Brings Sub-Normal Temps. (USA Today) 3 Astronauts Return Safely From International Space Station. (CBS) Talks Extended Into Monday For Iran's Nuclear Program. (Reuters) Bombings In Afghanistan Kill Afghan Security Officers. (VOA) Survey Finds Regular Gas Prices Down 13 Cents In Last 2 Weeks. (AP)


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Question: Protesters Demand Tape Of Police Shooting Of Black Man Be Released

In Charlotte, N.C., some demonstrators chanted "release the tapes" — a reference to police videos of the shooting, which have been shown to the victim's family, but have not been made public.

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Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)


Question: Now Fortune May Follow YouTube Fame

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Even if you're not into viral videos, there's a good chance you've seen David Devore's son. He's the kid riding high in the back seat on his way home from a dentist's visit. Devore's video of his son's foggy behavior has been viewed more than 28 million times, and YouTube hopes there is money in those page views. The online video Web site recently announced that users who create just one viral video are eligible for advertising partnerships with the company. Now, those behind the videos that become the next big thing on YouTube can cash in on their 15 minutes of fame. If you surf over to Devore's video now, you're likely to see advertisements for dental products and services — and the occasional pizza. "Every time somebody clicks through the ads, we get a portion of the revenue share," Devore says.  Devore posted the video of his son, also named David, on YouTube on the first weekend of February this year. He thought he was just sharing it with family and friends. "By Tuesday, we had 3 million views," he says. As the video rolled though inbox after inbox, Devore noticed a little button that appeared on his YouTube channel, inviting him to become a YouTube partner. He clicked, and soon little David's bobbling head was surrounded by pictures of gleaming teeth and links to oral surgeons. And that's not all that happened. "We've made a little over $25,000," Devore says. He works in Florida's hard-hit real estate market and says the extra income couldn't have come at a better time. "It was found money." And the family has gotten another benefit from the video. Before the days of Internet fame, Devore and his son watched it together. Little David "thought it was just hilarious," Devore reports. "It really helped him have a calmer reaction to having to go to the dentist." Feeling pressure to duplicate the phenomenon, Devore has since posted a few more videos, but to much less success. There may be more in the future, Devore says, "but it'll just have to be what we want, and not just because we can."


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Question: Moore's 'Fahrenheit 9/11' Takes Cannes Honors

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American filmmaker Michael Moore's documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 wins the Palme d'Or, the highest honor at the Cannes Film Festival. The film takes a critical view of the Bush administration's actions after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Hear NPR's Liane Hansen.

Stories: 1) Anderson, Recreating 'Blood' History 2) A Conversation About 'Eastern Promises' 3) An Oscar with your 'Ratatouille'? 4) Tamara Jenkins' Film Nominated for Oscars 5) 'Juno': Not Your Average Teen Pregnancy Movie 6) Review, 'Be Kind, Rewind'


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Question: Through My Sister's Eyes: Allison And Katie Crutchfield On Each Other's Music

Katie and Allison Crutchfield are perhaps the hardest-working twins in indie rock today. Born in Birmingham, Ala., Allison and Katie started playing music together in their early teens. Since then, they've been in myriad bands, both with each other and apart. The sisters started The Ackleys when they were 15, then shifted their focus to the pop-punk band P.S. Eliot. After that group disbanded in 2011, the two women split musically. Katie began making music as Waxahatchee; her sound has evolved from DIY raggedness to impressive full-band force while always preserving her knack for bitingly direct, emotional lyrics. Meanwhile, Allison started the fuzz-pop band Swearin', which broke up in 2015; she now releases songs under her own name that set folk-inspired lyrical specificity against dark, dreamy synths. As identical twins and creative collaborators, the Crutchfields' lives have always been intertwined. But with new albums out from both sisters, this year seems more about parallel motion. In January, Allison released her debut solo album, Tourist In This Town, while Katie's fourth album as Waxahatchee, Out In The Storm, came out Friday. The records are, as Allison puts it, "dueling breakup albums," both written about the emotionally turbulent separations that the sisters happened to go through at the same time in their lives. To mark this serendipitous moment in the Crutchfields' careers, NPR did something that Allison and Katie say no one's ever tried before: We interviewed each sister, separately, about the other's music. Though the two women weren't in the studio together, their memories and observations interacted as if in conversation with one another: coinciding, diverging, realigning, echoing. Maybe it's no accident that their work — together and separately — seems to do the same. An audio version of these interviews will air on NPR's Morning Edition.  Katie Crutchfield: So Allison and I started playing music together when we were really young, and our first band was called The Ackleys. She learned to play drums to do that band ... because I started showing interest in writing songs, and we wanted to do that together, so she became my percussionist. And we built that up together, that skill set. Eventually she moved to keyboard in that band, and we were joined by these two guys who were really super polished. Like, excellent musicians, very skilled. It went from being this lo-fi thing that fully relied on the energy that we put into it, to this sort of polished power-pop band. So we quit that band and started another band called P.S. Eliot together. That was sort of more about the energy and the spirit of the music rather than this skill set and making these super-polished recordings. And really what kind of made us stop playing music together in that way was Allison's desire to become a songwriter. Allison Crutchfield: It's funny to think about us stopping playing music together as being any kind of monumental moment in our lives, because it just felt really natural at the time. It feels really natural to be playing music together again, as we are now, because I'm playing in the live Waxahatchee band, and play a little bit on the new record. But I think we were just at a place where — we were on a P.S. Eliot tour, [and] 2011 was when we broke up, so it was that summer. And there was just this shared moment. I think we were at a show in D.C. It was a great show, the tour had been going really well. There were no hard feelings. It was more so that we had this concurrent desire to write. I think we were both wanting to write ... different types of music. Katie: I can be a little bit of a control freak; I'm sure she probably told you about that. But I feel like she kind of needed to take space from me to sort of develop her own voice as a songwriter. Allison: That was a time in my life where I had only been writing songs for a handful of years. I was a new songwriter, but I was really itching to do that. ... I think I always had a vision of what a band could be that I fronted, or that I was the primary songwriter for. But I never really had the opportunity to do it. I always wanted to be with Katie and supporting her, because she was kind of the person who taught me how to write songs. So there was just a moment where I wanted to be doing that. Katie: And I was really supportive of that. I wanted her to do that. Of course I was sad, because I love playing music with her more than anything. ... But that time was sort of an interesting transition, from her being my musical collaborator and my biggest champion in a lot of ways, to stepping out and writing songs on her own. Allison: My solo record, I think — I was sort of finding my voice, so to speak, in two different ways. ... I put a certain amount of importance on just differentiating myself as a songwriter from Katie. But there is a whole other element to it where also, I had been in Swearin' for a few years, and that was the first moment where I was re

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Stories: 1) Carol Leifer On Life, Comedy And Finding Love At 40 2) Jimmie Dale Gilmore: In Song, A Eulogy For Dad 3) Wayne And Darrell Scott: Father-Son Country 4) Branford Marsalis: On Jazz Fathers And Sons


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

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Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Somebody ducks out; Keep your friends close; Are you ready for something other than football?

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

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Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their regular visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, one of the greatest -- and most fun -- Romantic violin concertos: the Symphonie Espagnole by Edouard Lalo.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates