Question:
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For instance you may be given '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Out Of State Lawyers Descend On Flint, Mich., Amid Water Crisis']' and it should match with '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'For the most part, official help has been slow in getting to Flint, Mich., but one group of first responders is on the ground. A growing number of out of state lawyers are setting up shop in Flint, and they are filing dozens of lawsuits.']' but not with '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Good morning - here are some stories we're following today: Luxury Cars Do Poorly In New Type Of Crash Test. Unsealed Documents 'Hint At The Evidence' In Colorado Shootings. N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, Fla. Senator Marco Rubio To Give Key Speeches At Republican National Convention. (National Journal) Western Wildfires Destroy Homes, Leave One Firefighter Dead. (AP) Defected Syrian Prime Minister Claims Assad Regime Is Collapsing. (BBC) In A Change, Iran Now Welcomes Aid For Earthquake Victims. (VOA) French Youths Clash With Police For Second Night. (Reuters) Violence Turns Deadly Between Two Unions At South African Platinum Mine. (AllAfrica.com) Educational Accrediting Agency Issues Warning To Penn State. (USA Today) Conn. Woman Wrongly Billed For 25 Years For Streetlights, Gets Refund. (Hartford Courant)"]'.

Question: Who's Carl This Time?

A world leader aiming to be the next Carrot Top; They don't make labor strikes like they used to; Carl honors a legendary performer.

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Question: Democratic Caucuses Explained

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Joe Loebach, who is hosting a Democratic Party caucus Thursday night in the living room of his home in Burt, Iowa, talks with Melissa Block about how the caucus process works.

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"['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'President Obama leaves Sunday night on a weeklong trip to Europe.  He\'ll visit with the Queen of England, attend a summit meeting of the Group of 8 nations in France and sit down with a group of Central European leaders in Poland. But his first stop, in Ireland, may hold the biggest thrill for both the president and the destination. Obama\'s actually had a standing invitation to Ireland, but confirmed the visit, suitably enough, on St. Patrick\'s Day. During a meeting in the Oval Office, he told Enda Kenny, Ireland\'s newly elected taoiseach – or prime minister – he didn\'t just want to see Dublin and the usual tourist sites. He wanted to see the tiny village of Moneygall, home to Obama\'s great-great-great grandfather on his mother\'s side. Kenny welcomed the visit, saying Ireland is anxious to give cade milla falcha – a hundred thousand welcomes – to its new favorite son. "There is no one as Irish as Barack Obama," Kenny said. "And, may I say, sir, Mr. President, they\'re queuing up in the thousands to tell you that in Moneygall." Obamamania Overcomes A Tiny Irish Town Ever since the announcement, Moneygall has been suffering an incurable case of Obamamania. This roadside hamlet of two pubs, three shops and barely 350 residents has repainted every house, festooned every lamppost and seemingly rebranded every product in preparation for Monday\'s visit by Obama. Locals have stood in line for hours to receive one of 3,000 tickets that will let them meet Moneygall\'s most famous son. "We\'ve all been caught up in this dream. Nothing in the village seems real," said Henry Healy, a 26-year-old accountant for a plumbing firm who discovered four years ago he was one of Obama\'s closest Irish relatives. "I\'ve been rehearsing what I\'m going to say to the president for months in my head. I can\'t really believe it\'s going to happen." As he spoke, the powerful rotors of two U.S. military helicopters thumped in the distance, and a deliveryman arrived with another truckload of spiced Irish fruitbread, called brack, rebranded "Barack\'s Brack" for this month and bearing a cartoon portrait of the president. Healy received Ticket No. 0001, since he\'s an eighth cousin to Obama, the closest blood relative still living in Moneygall. In fact, he lives next door to the American flag-festooned pub that Obama is expected to visit. Obama\'s Irish Family Grows Bigger U.S. and Irish genealogists have detected several other distant Irish cousins of Obama living in Ireland and England, including Dick Benn and Ton Donovan, whose families live just across the border in County Tipperary and have farmed the same land for 250 years. They\'re all descendants of Falmouth Kearney, one of Obama\'s great-great-great grandfathers on his mother\'s side. Kearney, a shoemaker, emigrated from Ireland to the United States in 1850 at age 19, at the height of the Great Famine. Every known Irish relative is expected to be standing on Moneygall\'s Main Street when Obama begins a six-day, four-nation trip across Europe. Town officials have been cheering for Obama since the Iowa primaries in hopes that his entry to the White House would put their long-bypassed village,   beside the Dublin-to-Limerick highway in the southwest corner of County Offaly, on the tourist map. "The Most Important Pint I\'ll Ever Pour" Locals have applied 924 gallons of paint and laid new sidewalks. A village caterer has painted U.S. and Irish flags on the front of his home and is cooking Obama burgers. Construction workers have hurriedly built the Obama Cafe. The altar of the Catholic church has been covered in red, white and blue bunting. Guinness last week delivered a specially brewed keg of stout to be poured the moment when Obama walks through the door of Ollie\'s Bar, which sports a bronze bust, painting and life-size photo cutout of the president. "It will be the most important pint I\'ll ever pour," Ollie Hayes said, standing behind the bar of his pub. In recent weeks, it\'s been inundated with tourist buses and journalists and Irish and international musicians performing live for free. "Moneygall has never seen such a carnival. Early mornings, late nights. There\'s been plenty a sore head the morning after the night before," Hayes said as Nigerian drummers, singers and dancers prepared to perform. Moneygall\'s favorite performers are the Corrigan Brothers, a Limerick band. Their singalong "There\'s No One as Irish as Barack Obama" became an Internet sensation in 2008 and has gone through several lyrical mutations. The two brothers sang their latest version, "Welcome Home, President Barack Obama," to a raucous, standing-room-only pub crowd Saturday night. An alternative version already lined up for Obama\'s re-election campaign claims: "He\'s as Irish as Riverdance, Guinness and Joyce. In 2012, there\'s only one choice!" The Local Celebrity None of these celebrations would have been possible but for the village\'s Protestant minister, Canon Stephen Neill, who barely has any parishioners in the overwhe']" == "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR:', 'Tiny Irish Town Prepares To Welcome Obama Home']"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- New Lead Shifts Search For Missing Jet 700 Miles North. -- Death Toll From Mudslide 'Will Only Increase.' -- House Intelligence Chair Mike Rogers Won't Seek Re-election. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Meet With Saudi King To Calm Frustrations. (Guardian) Ousted Ukrainian President Calls For Vote In All Ukrainian Regions. (Reuters) Lake Michigan Oil Spill Slightly Larger Than Thought. (Chicago Tribune) Walmart Sues Visa Claiming Excessive Card Fees. (Bloomberg) Florida Suspends Controversial Voting Roll Purge. (Miami Herald) Wisc. Gov. Cuts Weekend Early Voting, Extends Other Voting Hours. (Journal-Sentinel) Philadelphia Ties NBA's Worst Ever Losing Streak. (CBS Sports)


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Question: Police and the Mentally Ill

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Mentally ill people are far more likely to have a deadly encounter with the law than the general population.  Denver is one of about 25 cities across the nation that send police officers to "crisis intervention training" to teach them new ways of dealing with the mentally ill.  From Denver, Andrea Dukakis reports.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time

Thanks to the economy, today we are all Nigerian e-mail scammers; A certain Senator learns never to cross David Letterman; Clay Aiken shocks the world … well, not really.

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In this edition of This, That, or the Other, contestants must decide: is it a Danielle Steel novel, a Talking Heads song, or a Wrestlemania tagline? Heard on Javier Muñoz & David Harbour: The World Turned Upside Down


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Question: Farm Subsidies Persist And Grow, Despite Talk Of Reform

Farm subsidies don't lack for critics. Free-market conservatives and welfare state-defending liberals alike have called for deep cuts in these payments to farmers. After all, farmers, as a group, are wealthier than the average American. Why should they get tens of billions of dollars each year in federal aid? Two years ago, when the most recent Farm Bill emerged from Congress, the measure's authors proudly announced what sounded like bold cuts in these controversial programs. The Senate Agriculture Committee noted in a press release that the new law would eliminate one big subsidy altogether and save taxpayers a total of $23.3 billion over the following 10 years. Those projected savings, it turns out, were a mirage. According new estimates for Farm Bill spending over the next few years released by the Congressional Budget Office, total government aid to farmers will swell to $23.9 billion in 2017. "What happened to the savings taxpayers were promised?" says Colin O'Neil, from the Environmental Working Group, a long-time opponent of farm subsidies. Actually, many opponents of government subsidies saw this coming. "Cynics like me fully expected this to work out the way it has," says Bruce Babcock, an agricultural economist at Iowa State University. "Farm policy isn't really about policy. It's about farmers getting their money. And the agriculture committees in Congress are there to make sure that farmers get their money." Over the decades, Congress has periodically changed the way these programs work. This latest Farm Bill ditched a politically unpopular subsidy program that wrote checks to farmers simply based on the number of acres they owned. In its place, the law set up new programs that pay farmers when commodity prices fall. And indeed they have been falling since the last Farm Bill. Many observers, in fact, expected corn and soybean prices to fall, because they had been extraordinarily high in recent years. "Farmers made a gamble," says David Orden, an agricultural economist at the International Food Policy Research Institute. "They were gambling that if prices came down, they'd get more money this way." That gamble, it seems, paid off. If prices stay low, or rebound, spending under some of these new programs should decline, but only gradually — and within a few years Congress will once again revise the Farm Bill. Orden does believe that over the long term, there has been progress in abolishing some of the most wasteful farm subsidies. "We used to do all sorts of things to maintain high market prices for farmers," he says. For example, the government used to buy up large amounts of agricultural commodities and either store them or export them at much lower prices. It also paid farmers to take vast amounts of land out of production. Those programs, Orden says, were probably more damaging to the overall economy than the payments and crop insurance payouts that farmers get today.

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The president's speech in Cairo this morning hasn't distracted us completely from looking for the day's other top stories. They include: -- "Rising Interest On Nations' Debts May Sap World Growth." The New York Times. -- "Bankruptcy Filings Rise To 6,000 A Day As Job Losses Take Toll." USA TODAY. -- "California Budget Committee Targets Governor's Offices For Cuts." Los Angeles Times. -- "Air France Jet Was Flying Too Slowly -- Report." Le Monde, via Reuters. -- "House Lifts Lid On Its Expenses." The Wall Street Journal. -- "Gay Groups Grow Impatient With Barack Obama." Politico.


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Question: A Child Who Feels 'Left Behind' Can Still Get Ahead

A kid with big problems isn't doomed to a dark future. That's the message from a new study in China, looking at the so-called left behind children, whose mothers and fathers have moved from rural communities to faraway cities to find work. But the lesson applies to any child living in less than ideal circumstances. There are more than 61 million left-behind kids in the poorest parts of China. One or both parents have moved to toil in factories, hoping to make enough money to pull the family out of poverty and into a better life. Many send money back to the villages where they've left their kids in the hands of the other parent or grandparents. If the kids get to see their absentee parent more than once or twice a year, that's a luxury. Bearing the brunt of what's considered the largest migration in human history are the children themselves. Earlier this year, the tragic death of four left-behind children left the nation in shock. They were siblings ranging from age 5 to 13, in southwestern China, and it's believed they committed suicide. The tragedy also brought attention to what studies have suggested: that compared with peers living with both parents, left-behind children are more vulnerable to injuries and crime, owing to lack of parental supervision as well as emotional and mental health issues like depression and anxiety. But their fates aren't sealed, says Daphna Oyserman, a psychologist at the University of Southern California. Oyserman led a set of studies in Chongqing, China, looking at how left-behind children can overcome adversity. The results, published this summer in the Journal of Adolescence, found that the children needed to have not only a positive outlook on their future but also a plan to become what the study calls their "ideal selves." In simpler terms, that means setting goals and figuring out how to reach them. Oyserman and a colleague at Southwest University in China conducted four studies with eighth-graders. In the first two studies, researchers asked students to rate their optimism about passing an upcoming exam or finding a job in the future as well as their belief that their fate is predetermined and inevitable. Some of the students were first asked if they had been left behind, while others didn't get that question until the end. Researchers found that regardless of whether a student is a left-behind kid or not, the mere thought of being left behind made him less optimistic. "In rural areas, [being left behind] is such a common thing that all the kids know what it is and when they think about it, it colors their own vision," Oyserman says. "Having thought about that makes [children who live with parents] feel qualms that it could happen to them, too." Previous research found that nearly half of all left-behind children suffer depression and anxiety. Oyserman wondered whether this would change if these kids believed they could overcome such feelings by doing well in school. So in the next two studies she looked at the impact of setting personal goals like "I can get a good final exam result" or "I can make progress in each discipline" — and strategies to attain those goals. Overall, kids who listed more goals did better on their exams. But Oyserman also found that kids with lots of goals tended to act out in class — unless they had strategies to accomplish those goals, such as "communicate more with teachers" or "review every day." Students with a plan were less likely to report feeling depressed. Oyserman's view is that "once you had strategies, your head wasn't in the clouds and you're actually thinking about what you have to do right now." That's a lesson that can apply to all kids living in difficult situations, she says: for example, children who live in poverty or in families with little parental guidance. For left-behind kids, she suggests that parents should frame their situation like this: " 'Our fate is not good but we're taking steps toward the future. We'll all suffer and it'll be hard but you might have chances that we don't have,' " she suggests. She continues: "It's possible for even young children to understand a family working together toward a brighter future. And the way you are doing it may not feel good but it's getting you somewhere." That kind of approach could mean that the dream of a better life for troubled children doesn't get left behind.

Stories: 1) 'Brain Bugs': Cognitive Flaws That 'Shape Our Lives' 2) What It Means To Be 'Always On' A Smartphone 3) 'Turn Of Mind': The Haunted House Is In Your Head


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Question: China Promises To Share Findings From Its Returned Lunar Probe

After 23 days and some 230,000 miles traveled, China's Chang'e-5  lunar capsule returned to Earth during Thursday's predawn hours. It carried cargo of more than four pounds of the first fresh samples of moon rocks and other debris in more than 40 years. China's space agency said Thursday it intends to share its findings with the global scientific community.  The capsule for the Chang'e 5 probe landed in the Siziwang district of the Inner Mongolia region, the China National Space Administration reported. It first set off for the moon on Nov. 24. The safe return of the lunar capsule wraps a groundbreaking mission for China's space exploration program. It made China just the third country to explore the moon's surface, after the U.S. and the former Soviet Union. It was also the first country to do so since 1976, when the the former Soviet Union's Luna 24 spacecraft returned from the moon. The samples returned in this latest mission will provide the youngest Moon rocks and debris ever examined. Samples from the U.S. and the Soviet Union missions are more than three billion years old, scientists say. The Chang'e-5 mission specifically aimed to collect samples less than two billion years old, according to National Geographic. This provides the global scientific community fresh insight into the history and other characteristics of the moon. The mission zeroed in on landing in the Oceanus Procellarum, or Ocean of Storms, near a location called the Mons Rumker. This area was believed to be volcanic many years ago, and thus may have much younger rocks to pull from. Xu Hongliang, spokesman for the China National Space Administration, said the nation is "very welcoming" of joint research, according to The China Daily.  Wu Yanhua, deputy director of China's space agency, said the soil samples collected with this mission will also be used for further research and museum exhibits. What's next? China is already set to launch three more lunar exploration missions and will pursue broader space exploration, The Global Times says. The nation's Chang'e-6 and Chang'e-7 missions will further explore the moon and will collect more lunar samples for additional analysis. These missions may also allow for international payloads to be brought on board.  The Chang'e-8 mission will examine the capability of building an international lunar research station.  The Chinese government also has plans for three planetary missions that include a fly-by of Jupiter, and separate sample-return missions to an asteroid and Mars.

represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth For instance, <<['Represent the input', 'Janet Huckabee, wife of GOP candidate Mike Huckabee and the former first lady of Arkansas, sits down with Michele Norris. It\'s part of a series of conversations with spouses of the presidential hopefuls, many of whom are playing very active roles in the campaigns.  Mike Huckabee is second in the Iowa polls but first in some conservatives\' hearts — certainly his wife\'s. Janet Huckabee spends a lot of time campaigning for her husband, the former governor of Arkansas. The Huckabees\' story is a well-worn part of the stump speech: Junior high sweethearts from Hope, Ark. Three decades of marriage. Three children. Janet Huckabee says her priorities are faith, family and friends.  Right now, there\'s a fourth "F"  — fighting to get her husband the attention she thinks he deserves. And she says she\'s learned her husband is quite the fighter, too. ROBERT SIEGEL, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I\'m Robert Siegel.  MICHELE NORRIS, host:  And I\'m Michele Norris.  And today, another one of our conversations with the presidential campaign spouses. Janet Huckabee spends a lot of time campaigning for her husband, Republican Mike Huckabee, the former governor of Arkansas. The Huckabee story is a well-worn part of the stump speech - junior high sweethearts from Hope, Arkansas, three decades of marriage, three children. Mrs. Huckabee says her priorities are faith, family and friends.  Right now, you could add a fourth F, fighting, to get her husband the attention she thinks he deserves. And she says she\'s learned her husband is quite the fighter, too.  Ms. JANET HUCKABEE: I would say he\'s commitment to what he\'s doing is just stronger than ever. And I\'ve always known that he was a great leader even in high school. But his commitment to the process has just been phenomenal to me.  NORRIS: To the process?  Ms. HUCKABEE: The process of running for president of the United States. For every step forward he takes, he has to take two or three back. And it\'s been a struggle in the sense of raising funds, getting media time, getting questions in debates. So to see his commitment, I guess, is probably something that I\'ve really learned more about him. I know he\'s been committed to a lot of things. He\'s been committed to me for 33 and a half years.  You know, I\'ve tested him a time or two. I\'ve, you know, I was sick, had a serious illness with spinal cancer when I was 20. And he could\'ve said, you know, honey, this is more than I bargained for. But he continued to work two jobs to go to school and to drive me an hour one way for, you know, radiation therapy for six weeks in a row, and helped me truly learn to walk again, and to be myself. And he could\'ve, you know, easily said, hey, I\'m giving you back to your mom. This is all over for me. But he was committed to me. He said, I do. He mean it. I love him for it.  NORRIS: Now, your husband is often described as the true-blue conservative candidate in the race among Republicans. And yet, when some of the key conservative leaders have now started handing out their endorsements, they\'re looking to other candidates, to Mitt Romney, to Rudy Giuliani despite Giuliani\'s positions on abortion and gay rights. And some of the conservative leaders are even talking about backing a third-party candidate, looking beyond the pack. Why is it that they\'re looking past your husband? Why isn\'t he getting more attention or respect?  Ms. HUCKABEE: I think a lot of it, quite frankly, is he doesn\'t have the millions of dollars in the bank. If every person that heard my voice today sent money and we had the millions of dollars in the bank that Giuliani has in his or Mitt Romney has in his, there would be no question. I think the message that Mike has far outweighs what the others have been saying. I think he\'s…  NORRIS: Are you saying, though, that these religious leaders are casting their vote or making these endorsements based on money instead of morals?  Ms. HUCKABEE: I think sometimes they are. How can you not say that? If you\'re looking at people flip-flopping or can\'t decide one day and the next. And a lot of the subjects that are primarily talked about are pro-life marriage, which is both very important to my husband. And he…  NORRIS: Marriage between a man and a woman?  Ms. HUCKABEE: Right, man and woman. Those things haven\'t changed with Mike. They\'ve been there. They\'re - he\'s consistent in his record with those two subjects and others haven\'t been. And in those two specific areas, it saddens me a little bit to the point of, are the Republicans going to rewrite their, you know, bylaws. Are they going to stand on their platform? Those things are important to the Republican Party. So I would think they would want to lean toward a person who has been consistent the way Mike is.  NORRIS: Now, you say it saddens you. As I sit across you and look at your face, it seems like it angers you a bit, too.  Ms. HUCKABEE: No, it doesn\'t anger me. I get sometimes a little frustrated that people, e']>>  to "['Represent this', "Janet Huckabee's 4 Fs: Faith, Family, Friends, Fight"]"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Mali's First Ebola Case In Current Outbreak Is 2-Year-Old Girl. -- Man With Hatchet Shot Dead After Attacking NYPD Officers. -- Frank Mankiewicz, Aide Who Announced Robert Kennedy's Death, Dies. And here are more early headlines: E-U Leaders Set Targets For Greenhouse Gas Cuts. (New York Times) Lebanon Says It Won't Accept Any More Syrian Refugees. (Daily Star) Japan Warns Of Activity At Volcano Near Nuclear Plant. (Reuters) Navajo Nation Court Replaces Presidential Candidate; Election Delayed. (Farmington Daily Times) Federal Judge Dismisses Lawsuit Against IRS On Tax Exempt Status. (Politico) Lawmakers Call For National Recall Of Faulty Airbags. (USA Today) China Launches Probe To Moon, Will Return Next Week. (CNN)


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Question: John Huston, Hollywood's Human Element

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Filmmaker John Huston -- born 100 years ago Saturday, on Aug. 5, 1906 -- made some of cinema's most enduring classics, among them The Maltese Falcon, The African Queen and The Treasure of the Sierra Madre.  He was nominated 14 times for the Academy Award, for writing, directing and acting. He helped his father, Walter Huston, to the Oscar for Sierra Madre. Nearly 40 years later, he turned the same trick for his daughter, Anjelica Huston, in Prizzi's Honor. In an era of studio films shot on Hollywood sets, Huston made movies in Africa, Mexico, Ireland and on the open sea, through multiple marriages, public brawls and bouts with alcohol. Amid praise and admiration, Anjelica Huston's descriptions of her father include words such as "terrifying" and "rage." Huston, playing the cooly brutal character Noah Cross in Chinatown, tells Jack Nicholson's Jake Gittes: "Most people never have to face the fact that at the right time and the right place they're capable of anything." Huston's films revealed human weakness, human resilience and whatever it is that makes people chase misguided dreams to certain failure, and then get up to pursue the next treasure... the authentic Falcon... or the great white whale. SCOTT SIMON, host:   John Huston, as a matter of fact, would've been 100 years old today. He died in 1987. For most of his long life, John Huston was nearly always in front of or behind a camera. In the 1948 film, Treasure of the Sierra Madre, he directed his actor father, Walter Huston, to an Academy Award. Thirty-seven years later, he did the same for his daughter, Angelica, in the mob comedy, Prizzi's Honor. John Huston was himself a gifted actor and appeared in scores of pictures. Pat Dowell reports on the long and varied career of a filmmaker who was as famous for his life off the screen as for his work on it.  PAT DOWELL reporting:   Over a 50-year career, John Huston received 14 Oscar nominations for writing, directing and acting. He made movies that ranged from The Maltese Falcon to Moby Dick to the musical Annie. Given that variety, historians have long debated whether he directed with a consistent style or theme. He told NPR in 1975 he didn't.  Mr. JOHN HUSTON (Director)  I find each experience entirely different, so that I can't compare even one picture to another, and I approach each picture as though it was the first one I ever did.  DOWELL: The first one he directed was a stylish, cynical version of Dashiell Hammett's hardboiled detective story, The Maltese Falcon. It's sometimes called the first film noir, and helped propel Humphrey Bogart to stardom.  (Soundbite of movie The Maltese Falcon)  Mr. HUMPHREY BOGART (Actor): (As Sam Spade) I hope they don't hang you, precious, by that sweet neck.  Ms. MARY ASTOR: (As Brigid O'Shaughnessy)  You're not...  Mr. BOGART: (As Sam Spade) Yes, angel, I'm gonna send you over. The chances are you'll get off with life. That means if you're a good girl, you'll be out in 20 years. I'll be waiting for you. If they hang you, I'll always remember you.  DOWELL: The 1941 film earned its fledgling director an Oscar nomination for screenwriting. After a rootless life, he'd settled down in Hollywood. The son of famous actor Walter Huston, John had been briefly an actor, a professional boxer, a street singer and a painter. He was one of the few Hollywood screenwriters to make the transition to directing. He made documentaries for the Army during World War II, and after the war his fiction films explored the subject of men under tremendous stress and the tension between the individual and the group. That's the theme of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, in which Walter Huston is the voice of wisdom after greedy, desperate prospectors see their gold dust blown away in the wind.  (Soundbite of movie The Treasure of the Sierra Madre)  Mr. WALTER HUSTON: (As Character) Oh, laugh (unintelligible) old boy. It's a great joke played on us by the Lord or fate or nature, whatever you prefer, but whoever, whatever played it certainly had a sense of humor. The gold has gone back to where we found it.  DOWELL: Director John Huston's films were often serious explorations of the human condition, says Ron Magliosi(ph), a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, where a tribute to the work of all of the Hustons begins later this month. Magliosi says John Huston was also serious about conveying the authenticity of his stories. He often shot on location.  Mr. RON MAGLIOSI (Museum of Modern Art)  He's not a factory town man. He was not a soundstage studio filmmaker, even though he excelled in the soundstage. He wasn't a filmmaker who sat still waiting for the next studio project to be handed to him. He was attracted to far-flung locations, the nitty-gritty of these locations, to the visual and dramatic possibilities of staging scripts under the pressure of conditions on location.  DOWELL: Huston shot movies in Africa, Mexico, Ireland and on the open sea. His adventures on location fueled an off-screen

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Stories: 1) David Talbot on the Kennedys' 'Hidden History' 2) Kevin Costner, Dancing With Death Again


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Question: Excerpt: 'Rain or Shine'

Cyra McFadden grew up on the rodeo circuit, traveling all over the West with her free-spirited parents. She looks back with pride, regret, and humor on family life spent and misspent in the gaudy, gritty world of rodeo. Chapter 1: When they were young, my parents believed they were indestructible, so fast and flashy nothing could touch them. Cy was a lady-killer, a small, natty man who riverboat-gambler good looks struck women down like lightening bolts. My mother, the former Patricia Montgomery, was a vaudeville dancer, the star of the St. Louis Municipal Opera in the late twenties. When she married Cy, she turned trick rider in the rodeo equivalent of halftime shows. You can take the girl out of show biz, but you cannot take a little girl from Little Rock, or Paragould, which is close enough, and turn her into a house pet. At least not Pat, with her performer’s ego, her longing to shine. Tiny-waisted and white-skinned, her black hair slicked to her	cheekbones in sculpted spit curls, she was Cy’s equal in recklessness, matching him drink for drink, seduction for seduction, irrational impulse for irrational impulse. Together they shot off sparks and left behind scorched earth, and if they ever thought about how their travels might end, they didn’t waste much time on sober reappraisal. They had more pressing concerns, the main one how to get to the next town with little money, a child and hangovers. My father’s schedule took him from Butte, Montana, to Salt Lake City, Utah, from Puyallup, Washington, to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and sometimes the travel time was a couple of days. We lived in a 1937 blue Packard, spending endless, viciously hot days in it going from Canada to New Mexico and back up to Wyoming, Utah and Idaho–wherever there were rodeos. We slept in that car, ate breakfast, lunch and dinner in it, sang along with the Sons of the Pioneers in it, quarreled in it. My parents must have made love in it, when I was asleep and the Packard parked behind the bleachers in some small-town fairground, waiting for daylight and the rodeo. Between them, there was a strong erotic pull. They walked with their hips touching and had flaming fights over each other’s real and imagined flirtations. Raised on a North Dakota farm, one of nine children of a French Canadian family, Cy had been a law student, a self-taught musician who led dance bands and played in Billings and Salt Lake City. In both towns, he was a celebrity, known as “The Singing Announcer” because until a tonsillectomy put an end to this facet of his career, he sang with his bands. The huge leather scrapbooks he kept all his life document some of these successes; but he claimed triumphs in everything he did, telling a writer for a trade paper called Hoofs and Horns, early in his rodeo career, that he’d won a Golden Gloves championship when he was boxing and given a recital at Carnegie Hall as a child prodigy violinist. How much of that interview is true, I don’t know, nor do I think Cy did. For much of his life, he was engaged in the game of inventing himself–adding to what was true what was desirable, stirring counterclockwise and serving up the mix. He must have swallowed much of it himself. What is fact is that after leaving law school with a theatrical troupe, he ended up, in his early twenties, in Great Falls, where he became a radio announcer and moonlighted as a musician. His hill-billy band, reported the Great Falls Tribune, drew 14,600 letters to the local radio station in six and a half weeks. This was roughly half the population of Great Falls at the time. It must have been a letter-writing town. After two months in St. Paul, Minnesota, as “announcer and entertainer,” Cy came back to Great Falls, and in 1929 was leading a trio during the dinner hour at the Hotel Rainbow and picking up other band jobs around town. “The Green Mill gardens, dinner and dancing resort on the paved extension of Second Avenue North, will be formally opened tonight. Eddie Stamy will be director of the orchestra that will play for at least four dances a week. Cy Taillon, Minneapolis, who handles the drums, violin, bells, piano, and most anything else, is charged with providing the sweet numbers.” Reprinted from Rain or Shine: A Family Memoir by Cyra McFadden by permission of the University of Nebraska Press.  © 1998 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska.

Stories: 1) Jeffrey Gettleman: Reporting From Mogadishu 2) 'Pearl Buck In China': A Child Across The Good Earth 3) Slow 'Eclipse' Knows Just How To Stalk Its Target


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Question: Shout Out Louds On World Cafe

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After working together for more than a decade, the members of Stockholm's Shout Out Louds continue to make lush, highly melodic pop music. The product of a year and a half of tinkering, their recent Optica is significantly lighter-sounding than its predecessors. On this installment of World Cafe, hear the group discuss how it navigated new musical experiments on the album, and how all of its members finally came to agree on how Optica should sound.

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: Kathy Mattea On Mountain Stage

Singer Kathy Mattea has never stuck to conventions within any genre: A country-music hitmaker in the late '80s and early '90s, Mattea has also made forays into Scottish folk, gospel and roots music. In 2008, she made perhaps the most personal record of her career, Coal. Mattea, a West Virginia native and the granddaughter of coalminers, drew material for her collection of coal-themed songs from the likes of Darrell Scott ("You'll Never Leave Harlan Alive"), Utah Phillips and Alice Gerrard ("Green Rolling Hills") and two of her fellow West Virginians, Billy Edd Wheeler ("Red-Winged Blackbird") and Hazel Dickens (the a cappella "Black Lung"). Mattea first visited Mountain Stage in 1986, and has logged 17 appearances. Here, she's joined by longtime guitarist Bill Cooley, Eamon O'Rourke on fiddle and mandolin and David Spicher on bass. Fellow West Virginian Tim O'Brien (heard Friday on NPR Music) sings harmony in "Green Rolling Hills."

Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: Trump Administration Diverts $3.8 Billion In Pentagon Funding To Border Wall

Updated at 6:54 p.m. ET The Trump administration has notified Congress that it plans to divert $3.8 billion from the Defense Department's budget to build the border wall.  This is in addition to more than $11 billion that's already been identified to construct more than 500 miles of new barriers along the southern U.S. border with Mexico. That includes money that Congress has appropriated and funding that was previously diverted from military construction and counternarcotic operations.  The latest funding diversion takes $1.5 billion originally allocated for buying equipment for National Guard and Reserve units, such as trucks, generators and spare parts, as well as fighter jets and ships.  This administration said the diversion of funds was in support of "higher priority items" that were "necessary in the national interest," according to the notice transmitted to Congress. It continues: "[The Department of Homeland Security] has identified areas along the southern border of the United States that are being used by individuals, groups, and transnational criminal organizations as drug smuggling corridors, and determined that the construction of additional physical barriers and roads in the vicinity of the United States border is necessary in order to impede and deny drug smuggling activities."   The move drew bipartisan criticism, including from the top Republican on the House Armed Services Committee, Texas Rep. Mac Thornberry.  "The wall should be funded, but the funding must come through the Department of Homeland Security rather than diverting critical military resources that are needed and in law," Thornberry said in a statement.  He added that Congress must act and is weighing how to proceed. "Congress has the constitutional responsibility to determine how defense dollars are spent," he said. "The re-programming announced today is contrary to Congress's constitutional authority, and I believe that it requires Congress to take action. I will be working with my colleagues to determine the appropriate steps to take." Rep. Adam Smith, D-Wash., the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, accused the president of being "obsessed with fulfilling a campaign promise" while accusing the administration in a tweet of "stealing billions" from the Department of Defense. Meanwhile, Rep. Kay Granger, R-Texas, the ranking member on the House Committee on Appropriations, championed the President's decision.  She blamed Democrats for failing to work on securing the border, which in turn "forced the president to redirect funds."   "I unequivocally support President Trump's efforts to secure our nation's borders and support our men and women in uniform.  Democrats have refused to work with us on border security, which has forced the President to redirect funds from other defense programs in the short term in order to secure the southern border," she said in a statement.  Lt. Col. Chris Mitchell, a Pentagon spokesperson, said the Department of Defense was "committed" to helping Homeland Security to construct fences and roads, and install lighting to thwart drug smuggling. He said the $3.8 billion will build more miles of barrier "to protect our borders." "Last month we received a new request from the Department of Homeland Security asking for assistance in blocking drug-smuggling corridors on Federal land along the southern border of the United States," Mitchell said.  "In response, the Secretary of Defense authorized support of $3.8B to build approximately 177 miles of fencing that will help to protect our borders. We will continue to support DHS and other agencies as needed to keep our homeland is secure." Democrats, including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and the top Democrat in the Senate, Chuck Schumer of New York disagree.  They issued a joint statement that said Congress, not the executive branch, has the power of the purse, adding that it's "a power that cannot be nullified so the President can fulfill an outrageous campaign promise."  "This latest theft of nearly $4 billion in military funds represents another of President Trump's broken promises to our servicemembers, especially our brave sailors who he assured would receive funding for urgently needed, state-of-the-art ships," the press release said.  This is not the first time the Trump administration has redirected funds from the Pentagon to go toward a wall along the southern border.  Last March the Defense Department announced it would shift $1 billion from a military personnel account in order to pay for a 57-mile section of fencing.  The administration said at the time the dollars became available after recruiting goals of some service branches came up short of expectations.  The border wall has been controversial since then-candidate Trump made building a barrier a central pillar of his 2016 presidential campaign. He promised back then the wall would come at no cost to U.S. taxpayers and that Mexico would fully fund the project, which it h

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- NTSB: Amtrak Washington Train Doing 80 MPH In 30 MPH Zone. -- U.S. Says North Korea 'Directly Responsible' For 'WannaCry' Ransomware Attack. -- CHARTS: See How Much Of GOP Tax Cuts Will Go To The Middle Class. And here are more early headlines: GOP Tax Bill Goes To House Floor For Vote. (Washington Post) House GOP Offers $81 Million Hurricane, Fire Disaster Aid Bill. (CNN)  McMaster Calls For Action To Block North Korea Nuclear Program. (PBS)  Atlanta Airport Returning To Normal Operations. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Astronaut And 2 Others Dock At International Space Station. (CBS) New Aircraft Carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth Springs A Leak. (BBC) U.N. Finds 49% Increase In Migration Numbers Since 2000. (U.N. News Centre) U.S. Calls For Relief Food To Be Delivered To Yemen. (Reuters)


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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The Jamestown Project

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Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

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I'm heading out tomorrow to Aspen, Colo., where Neal Conan and the Talk of the Nation crew are doing the show all week, in advance of my Political Junkie TOTN segment on Wednesday. So I figured, why not put up ScuttleButton a day early? ScuttleButton, as you know, is the once-a-week waste of time exercise in which each Tuesday (or, as they call today, "Monday") I put up a vertical display of buttons on this site. Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) For years, a correct answer chosen at random would get his or her name posted in this column, an incredible honor in itself. Now the stakes are even higher. Thanks to the efforts of the folks at Talk of the Nation, that person also hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain. Is this a great country or what? You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state — you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be among the first on your block to receive notice about the column and the puzzle. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck! By the way, I always announce the winner on Wednesday's Junkie segment on TOTN. But with a new puzzle up every Tuesday, more or less, you should get your answer in as soon as possible. Here are the buttons used and the answer to last week's puzzle: basketball card for Lew Alcindor of Milwaukee — The NBA great, he later changed his name to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. (And yes, I checked the official ScuttleButton rules; I CAN use a basketball card instead of a button in this instance.) Jennings for Governor? Uff Da! — A Democratic button from Minnesota commenting on the gubernatorial candidacy of Republican Dave Jennings in 1990. Uff da is of Norwegian origin, and it means something like "I am overwhelmed," or "I can't believe it!" In any event, not a pro-Jennings button. Alan Wheat U.S. Senate — Wheat, then a member of the House, was the Democratic nominee for the Senate from Missouri in 1994 but lost in a landslide to Republican John Ashcroft. So, when you combine Kareem + Uff + Wheat, you may just very well end up with ... Cream of Wheat. The hot breakfast cereal. Truth be told, there were many responses that went with "Cream of the crop" — wheat being, well, a crop. Nice try. But the judges said no. And they have the final word. And so this week's winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Keith Dyer of Orlando, Fla. Keith gets a TOTN Junkie shirt ... as soon as we re-order them. (Hey, we're trying. But somehow this is not an NPR priority, though it certainly should be.) Don't forget to check out this week's Political Junkie column, which focuses on the problems that face Charlie Rangel, the New York Democratic congressman who has been in the House since 1971. His career is on the line in Tuesday's primary. Click here to read the column.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


Question: Los Angeles Celebration

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Los Angeles held a downtown parade and rally for the NBA Champion Lakers today. The peaceful event included remarks from MVP Shaquille O'Neal and coach Phil Jackson, a sharp contrast to the violent fan melie that erupted outside the Staples Center when the Lakers clinched the title Monday. Kitty Felde reports.

Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: Eyes Wide Open: Part 1

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Randy Gardner broke a world record in 1963, when he was only 17 years old. His feat? Going 11 days without sleeping. Randy, now 71, shares his wisdom about staying up past your bedtime — and why none of us should attempt to recreate his teenage stunt — on this week's Hidden Brain.

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Stories: 1) Venturing Inside Bellevue's Psychiatric ER 2) Capitalism's Paradoxes, Writ Personal On Film


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Question: We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration

NPR will be the only radio broadcaster of the concert "We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration," the star-studded kickoff of official inaugural festivities, starting at 2 p.m. on Sunday, Jan. 18. The event, which is free and open to the public at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., will be broadcast by NPR to public radio stations nationwide, and will be available as a simultaneous stream on this page and at the Web sites of many stations. For more information, find your local station by visiting NPR.org/stations. The lineup of performers mixes some of today's biggest pop stars with iconic musical luminaries. Beyonce, Bruce Springsteen, Herbie Hancock, Sheryl Crow, Stevie Wonder and many more artists are all scheduled to appear on stage. (A full list appears below.) In addition, an assortment of leading actors will read historical passages throughout the special. According to the Presidential Inaugural Committee, "The Sunday afternoon performance will be grounded in history and brought to life with entertainment that relates to the themes that shaped Barack Obama, and which will be the hallmarks of his administration." The concert portion will start around 2:30 p.m. At the end of the performance, Obama will address the crowd. NPR's Lisa Simeone will anchor the three-hour broadcast. Pulitzer Prize-winning music critic Tim Page will also be on hand to preview the music at Obama's inauguration. Note: This concert will not be archived on NPR.org. ____ Scheduled To Perform: Beyonce, Mary J. Blige, Jon Bon Jovi, Garth Brooks, Sheryl Crow, Renee Fleming, Mstr. Sgt. Caleb Green, Josh Groban, Herbie Hancock, Heather Headley, Bettye Lavette, John Legend, Jennifer Nettles, John Mellencamp, Pete Seeger, Shakira, Bruce Springsteen, James Taylor, U2, Usher, will.i.am and Stevie Wonder. With: Jack Black, Steve Carell, Rosario Dawson, Jamie Foxx, Tom Hanks, Martin Luther King III, Queen Latifah, Laura Linney, Denzel Washington The concert special will be broadcast on many NPR stations throughout the country, including (but not limited to): WXPN, KUT, WDUQ, WNYC, WFUV, WAMU, KQED and many more.

The Smithsonian American Art Museum is displaying a piece of inaugural history. The exhibit includes artifacts from President Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural ball in 1865. The exhibit is called "The Honor of Your Company Is Requested: President Lincoln's Inaugural Ball."


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Question: #NPRreads: Shake Things Up This Weekend With These 3 Stories

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#NPRreads is a weekly feature on Twitter and The Two-Way. The premise is simple: Correspondents, editors and producers from our newsroom share the pieces that have kept them reading, using the #NPRreads hashtag. Each weekend, we highlight some of the best stories. From News Desk Editor Barbara Campbell: This essay by Sarah Gailey is a hoot. It also feels true, delving into cartoon characters to ask why the women have to be villains to be bold, to seek power, to act now. The princess model relies on being liked, Gailey says:  "We look at thin-wristed shy-smiling nice-haired female protagonists and we see what's expected of us: wait. Be patient. Be nice. Be happy with your lot, enjoy what you're given, and don't look for more. ... everyone must love you. ... Don't get old or fat or tall. Don't make demands. Hope, maybe, but never expect."  As Gailey notes, the villainesses aren't role models. But maybe real women can model for the cartoons: standing up to powerful harassers, rejecting limits, running for president. From Political Reporter Sarah McCammon: As I cover the Donald Trump campaign, I'm thinking a lot about the white working class voters who tend to overwhelmingly support Trump: the frustrations they feel with "the elites" and the sense that "the system" wasn't created for them. The author of this piece about "coding white trash" describes a similar sense about forging a career in academia, while also feeling out of place each time she returns to her blue-collar roots. This discussion also appealed to me personally as someone who grew up in the Midwest, married a Southerner, and did not attend an elite college. I have experienced the feeling of insecurity that perhaps power centers like DC are really not meant for me. In my own family, people on one side tend to be farmers and a truck drivers and factory workers, while the other side includes a judge, neurosurgeon, and cardiologist. I've seen up close the gaps between their opportunity sets and how differently my cousins/aunts/uncles on either side live and think. Take that disparity and disconnect and amplify it times millions of Americans, and it provides an insight into our current political upheaval. This piece is excellent context for understanding that. From National Desk Associate Producer Laurel Wamsley: I love granny flats, the small backyard dwellings also known as carriage houses, laneway houses, or garage apartments. I lived in one my senior year of college, and it was great: a tiny little house I shared with a roommate, tucked behind a larger single-family home on a residential street near campus in Chapel Hill. As cities grapple with how to create more affordable housing, granny flats add capacity without significantly changing the existing look and feel of a neighborhood. These backyard homes create useful new housing types in neighborhoods that otherwise might be out of reach for low- or middle-income folks, while providing a new income stream for homeowners and adding density that can make it easier for local businesses to sprout. But construction of granny flats is contentious in some cities, pitting neighbors who want to build them against others who say, in this case literally, "not in my backyard." As the Washington Post's Emily Badger points out in this report on the battle in Los Angeles, the shortage of affordable housing there is so acute (and the laws so contradictory) that as many as 50,000 such units already exist. Just look for curtains in the garage windows. From Nina Gregory, a senior editor with NPR's Arts Desk: This beautifully written story details the elegiac motions of some of those who lost family members five years ago in the tsunami in Japan. It has an otherworldly quality of sadness, devotion and loss while also being very well reported. The story takes us into the ocean with a father searching for his daughter in an act that is so poignant and meditative, as a reader, I, too, felt his grief. To commit such resources in order to tell the story of those who are still grieving five years later is a meaningful commitment from The New York Times and well worth the reader's time.

Stories: 1) How Birth Control And Abortion Became Politicized 2) Life Without Plot In 'Leaving The Atocha Station' 3) 'Four The Record,' Lambert Comes To Terms With Herself


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Question: Hospital Gives Ethiopian Women A Chance At Care

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Complications during delivery are a leading cause of death for women giving birth in developing countries. In remote areas, women sometimes languish in labor for days. Those who survive the ordeal often endure a lifetime of agony from severe internal injuries. In Ethiopia, the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital offers a rare chance at treatment and respite for some women. One of the patients, Fantan Dere, is a young girl unsure of her age. She tells nurse Bethlehem Tesfaye that she may be 10, but the nurse thinks it's more likely Fantan is 12. Fantan says she has been married for four years; marriages happen at a very early age for girls in rural Ethiopia. But they usually aren't consummated until the girl is ready to conceive. Fantan didn't live with her husband until two years ago. In July, she went into labor with her first child. She was in labor for three days before she was taken to a hospital in Dessie. By then, the baby had died and Fantan was severely injured. There are few health workers or skilled specialists beyond a local midwife to assist rural women during childbirth. More often, other women in the neighborhood are their helpers. That was all that was available to 18-year-old Haddassa Abraham. "When I was in labor, they were pushing my abdomen and I was suffering a lot," Haddassa says. "I was yelling very much. They were holding me and I was screaming." An Injury that Brings Shame The injuries Haddassa suffered were the beginning of a humiliating condition she has endured for the past year. "After I got home, and I started to leak stools and urine. Then I got very sad," she says. "I started to wash myself, to cover it with some piece of clothes." Haddassa has an extreme case of fistula, a condition that occurs when tissue walls within the pelvis are torn. Usually, just the bladder is involved. But nothing stops the leaking. In absence of professional treatment, women with a fistula sometimes will insert stones and rags in the vagina to try to stop the leaking. They are afflicted with horrible infections and a constant odor. These women are often abandoned by their husbands and families and become outcasts in their community. Haddassa's family brought her to the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital. "I see these girls, and it breaks my heart," says Ruth Kennedy, a 54-year-old midwife at the hospital. Kennedy explains that obstruction in labor often occurs because the mother's pelvis is too small for the baby's head, or the baby is in the wrong position as it emerges from the womb. Difficult labors can cause fistulas by tearing the tissue walls between the vagina and the bladder, and in some instances, the rectum. Role of Poverty In Kennedy's 23 years in Africa, she has come to understand firsthand just how poverty contributes to this tragedy. "Poverty is why the little girl of 2 is taught to carry a water jar. It's a small water jar, but by the age of 8, she is carrying weights I cannot carry. So then by the age of 10, 11, 12, she is carrying all the wood for cooking, all the water for cooking and washing purposes," Kennedy says. "This consumes enormous calories for this small child, and her consumption of calories is not enough," she says. "The little girl loses stature. Her bony pelvis is small." Kennedy works for New Zealander Dr. Catherine Hamlin, who, in 1971 with her late husband, founded the 140-bed Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital. It is supported by a nonprofit foundation. The hospital, supported by a nonprofit foundation, is a series of low-lying buildings shaded by trees. It's a hushed place with wards of gleaming, white walls and floors that reflect the light streaming through the windows. Rows and rows of small women lie in the beds. "They come here, we put them in a bed with white sheets and blankets," Kennedy says. "They've been sleeping on a goatskin in their village, but that doesn't mean that's how we treat them in our hospital. We have them in beds. We give them a nightdress. We give them a shawl." In some instances, medicine, proper nourishment and exercises to strengthen the bladder and pelvic muscles will heal the fistula. In most cases, however, surgery will be necessary to repair it. The surgery is a fairly straightforward procedure that involves separating the bladder from the vagina and closing the hole. Chief surgeon Biruk Tafesse left his position at the University of Addis Ababa to work at the hospital. "When I was a resident, I'd see these patients and the suffering, and I decided that I have to help these patients," Tafesse says. The typical patient is between the age of 15 and 20. Some patients are younger, and some patients are older women who've lived with the fistulas for years. That, he says, can disable them because they've kept to their beds or crouched in corners. "They're trying to prevent this leakage, and they're hiding at the same time also," Tafesse says. So muscles become rigid, and the women have difficulty walking. Tafesse shows us a room at the hospital devoted en

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Oct. 11 is the "International Day of the Girl" – proclaimed by the U.N. as a time to look at the challenges girls face and to promote their "empowerment" and human rights. What kind of year has it been for girls? We looked at the stories we've done over the past year, and the headlines alone captured both the tragedies and the triumphs. In many ways a horrible year for girls. But even at the bleakest moments, there are stories of hope and triumph. Here is a sampling of our stories about the world's girls: Grim news The Lament Of The Boko Haram 'Brides' 15-Year-Old Girl Found Dead In A Menstrual Hut In Nepal Outcry Over Photo Showing The Face Of A Girl Allegedly Being Raped Deep dive Video: A Heartbreaking Look At A Couple Forced To Marry As Young Teens Female Genital Mutilation: What It Does To A Woman The Billion Dollar Cost Of Child Marriage Signs of hope Day Camp With Anti-FGM Activities On The Program What A Teen Mom Wishes She'd Known Before She Got Pregnant Afghan Women Say No To The Dress Gang Rape Of Two Teens Leads To An Unusual Step – A Trial Law In Nepal Sets Penalties For Forcing A Woman Into A Menstrual Shed Inspiring figures A Promise To Her Newborn Daughter: No More FGM Former Child Bride Pedaling Her Way To A Brighter Future They Never Told Her That Girls Could Become Scientists Unexpected Heroines Of An Indian Box Office Hit: Female Wrestlers


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Question: A rebroadcast of our discussion on group denial.

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A rebroadcast of our discussion on group denial. We have all experienced it, a situation where everyone knows the secret but no one acknowledges the obvious truth. We talked with EVIATAR ZERUBAVEL author of  "The Elephant in the Room: Silence and Denial in Everyday Life." He is a professor of sociology at Rutgers University in New Brunswick. Originally aired 7/27/06

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John with some thoughts about the census and religion.


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Question: ISIS Video Appears To Show Beheading Of Kurdish Fighter

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“A Message in Blood” is the title of the latest video released by the Islamic State, the Sunni militant group that’s fighting in Syria and Iraq as it tries to take control of the entire region. The video from the group, which is also known as ISIS or ISIL, shows the beheading of a man said to be a Kurdish fighter. It also shows several men in orange jumpsuits said to be captured Kurdish fighters. The Kurds are trying to stave off the advance of the Islamic State in the region. This video follows another that shows dozens of captured Syrian soldiers being forced to run across the desert. Those men were later killed. The BBC’s Mohammed Yehia joins Here & Now’s Sacha Pfeiffer to discuss the situation. Note: This BBC interview can be heard in the Here & Now podcast or with the WBUR app. Guest

Mohammed Yehia, BBC Arabic editor for BBC News. He tweets @yeh1a.

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Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: As Fighting Rages In Damascus, Survival Of Assad's Regime Is In Doubt. Video May Show Suicide Bomber Who Attacked Bus In Bulgaria. Former Egyptian Vice President And Intelligence Chief Omar Suleiman Dies In U.S. (Reuters) Ramadan Starts At Sundown, Muslims Begin Their Holiest Month Of The Year. (BeliefNet) Widening U.S. Drought Means Some Higher Food Prices. (USA Today) Zimmerman Sorry For Trayvon Martin's Death, Terms It 'God's Plan'. (Miami Herald) New Inquiry Into Plane Crash That Killed UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold In 1961. (Guardian) Russian Muslim Leader Shot And Killed, Had Criticized Islamist Violence. (BBC) 3 European Hostages Freed In Mali After 10 Months, Fly To Burkina Faso. (AP) Television's 64th Emmy Award Nominations Out Today. (Los Angeles Times)


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The query could be '['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'You 2.0: Decide Already!']' and should be close to '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'How great would it be to win a new car? How horrible would it be to get laid off from your job? Research by psychologist Dan Gilbert at Harvard University suggests the answers are: not that great and not that horrible, respectively.  Among the many things Dan Gilbert studies is our predictions about how we\'ll feel about future events. One of the most important questions we ask when making any decision is, "How will this make me feel?" But no matter how much time we spend thinking about the future, we don\'t get any better at predicting it. That\'s why, as Gilbert writes in his book Stumbling on Happiness, divorce lawyers and people who remove tattoos continue to have a steady stream of customers.  This week, Shankar talks to Dan Gilbert about where we go wrong in making our predictions and how we can use this research to lead happier lives.  The Hidden Brain Podcast is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Jennifer Schmidt, Rhaina Cohen, Parth Shah, Laura Kwerel, and Thomas Lu. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain, and listen for Hidden Brain stories each week on your local public radio station.']' but very far from '['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr.', "May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?"]'

Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Saudi King Names 31-Year-Old Son As New Crown Prince

Mohammad Bin Salman, son of Saudi Arabia's king, is the new crown prince and first in line to the throne. The person he replaced is his older cousin, who had been a widely respected interior minister.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: DJ Looks to Break On Air Endurance Record

WPRK Radio DJ Dave Plotkin attempts to break the world record for the longest continuous on-air broadcast. The broadcast started on Monday, and if he surpasses the previous record of 105 hours, he will sign off Friday at 11 pm.

Stories: 1) Bill Flanagan, Fondly Biting the TV-Network Hand 2) Devouring TV's Hits, Whole Seasons at a Time 3) Teddy Thompson, Talking Up 'Down Low'


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: 'Climate Change Is Racial Injustice': Students Speak Their Truth In Winning Podcast

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The club was supposed to meet once a week. But for many of the members of Men in Color, Wednesday afternoons turned into Monday afternoons and Thursdays too.  "After school, we were always in Mr. C's room," says Jaheim Birch-Gentles, a recent graduate of the High School for Innovation in Advertising and Media in the Canarsie neighborhood of Brooklyn. He's referring to one of the club's advisors, Mischaël Cetoute. The club served as a safe space for students to talk through issues and ideas.  Those afternoon meetings gave rise to the Flossy Podcast, where the students tackle big social issues mixed in with their lived experiences.  Their episode about climate change and environmental racism is one of this year's grand-prize winners in the NPR Student Podcast Challenge. It was created by Jaheim and fellow club members Joshua Bovell, Brianna Johnson, Jamar Thompson, Kamari Murdock, Isaiah Dupuy, with theme music produced by club member Ieszan McKinney. The episode begins with the idea that, "climate change Is racial injustice," and focuses on the idea that pollution and the environment impact communities differently — even within Brooklyn.  "For people growing up in Canarsie, we don't really realize we're living in these areas," says Joshua Bovell in the podcast. "But then you go somewhere else, like Mill Basin, and you're like,  'Why is this so different than where I live?' "  They visited a Climate Change March in Manhattan, where they saw mostly white people demonstrating. And in their podcast they wonder, aloud, Why? They discuss the obvious barriers: Time. Location. Education. And then they bring in their own experiences, with climate events they've experienced, such as hurricanes, and the fact that their school sits near a landfill.  Environmental racism, explains Birch-Gentles in an interview, is "something that we can actually see and taste." He points to the situation with the school's drinking fountains: "People would drink from the water fountain and afterward they really wouldn't feel good," he says. It turns out, the school had lead in its pipes. Lead is actually a common problem in schools, especially in Brooklyn's aging buildings, where about 80 percent of public schools had a faucet or fixture leaching lead, according to a 2017 report. The students cited in their reporting research that shows climate change, including rising temperatures in cities and poor air quality, disproportionately affects non-white neighborhoods. Black communities face dangerously high levels of pollution and are more likely to live near landfills and industrial plants that pollute water and air and erode quality of life, according to a 2018 report from the Environmental Protection Agency.  For co-host Jamar Thompson, the topic is not only urgent and relevant, it's also related to what's happening now with protests and Black Lives Matter. "Racism is like a tree," he says, "and police brutality and environmental racism are just a couple of branches off that giant tree."  Young people's voices often get left out of these conversations, says Thompson, and adults need to do a lot more listening.  "They feel as though, because we are young, we don't know what we're talking about when we speak about certain things. And I feel like that isn't true," he adds. " I don't speak about things I don't know about."  When he does know something, Thompson says, or when he sees something that isn't right, he speaks up about it. That's his message for young people especially now. The Flossy Podcast wouldn't have been possible if the club hadn't decided to build a recording studio at the school, with help from several adults. It took about two years, a big grant, and lots of hard work.  When the students pitched the idea, "I was like, 'OK, let's make that happen,' " recalls Cetoute, a restorative justice coordinator from the Center for Court Innovation who helped oversee the club. "I promise you that it was the most frustrating process in the world. But when they finally get that support, they win something. And that completely changes, for the rest of their life I think, how much they will believe in the power of their voice." Being OK with the way they sounded was a journey, says Birch-Gentles. "When I heard how everybody else hears me, it was completely different from what I hear."  But with each episode, he says, his confidence grew. "It forced me to get comfortable because this is how I sound and it's not changing."  He ended up writing his college essay about the experience.  When he first started podcasting, "I just viewed myself as a kid from the neighborhood of Canarsie, and I'm speaking about what I've seen and my experiences."  Birch-Gentles didn't think of himself as an activist then, and even now, he resists the term.  Jamar Thompson agrees. He sees himself in much simpler terms: "I'm a person who spoke his truth and I spoke about what I felt. That's kind of more of what I am."  Truth tellers. Sharing their experiences and thei

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Giuliani Says Trump 'Did Know' About Stormy Daniels Payment. -- Trump Hints At Likely Release Of 3 Americans Held In North Korea. -- Freak Storm Sweeps Through Northern India, Killing Dozens. -- Men Arrested In Philadelphia Starbucks Reach Settlements. -- Yale Pulls Honorary Degree From Bill Cosby, The First Time In The School's History. And here are more early headlines: Trump Welcomes Shooting Survivors On National Day Of Prayer. (Express-News) Students Walk Out Of Class To Support Gun Rights. (Los Angeles Times) Gunmen Slay Churchgoers In Central African Republic. (New York Times) Hawaii Watches For A Possible Volcanic Eruption. (KGMB) It's World Press Freedom Day. (Reporters Without Borders)


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Question: Who's Bill This Time?

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

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From one of Ted's recommended CD's, guitarist Pepe Romero performs the popular slow movement of the Concerto de Aranjuez (ar-ahn-HUAYTH) by Joaquin Rodrigo with the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields conducted by Sir Neville Marriner. (Philips 438 016-2)

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2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: Unemployment Down, Wages Stagnant, Retirement Difficult: An Economic Survey

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With Meghna Chakrabarti Unemployment is at rock bottom but wages are flat and a skyrocketing number of older Americans can’t afford to retire. We’ll go behind the numbers for answers. Guests Heidi Shierholz, senior economist and director of policy at the Economic Policy Institute. She served as chief economist at the Department of Labor in the Obama administration. (@hshierholz) Thomas Geoghegan, labor lawyer and author. Author of “Only One Thing Can Save Us: Why America Needs a New Kind of Labor Movement.” Tom Coomer, 80, works as a greeter at his local Walmart. His granddaughter started a GoFundMe campaign to raise money for him after he lost his pension. Alicia Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College (@RetirementRsrch). She served on the President’s Council of Economic Advisers and as assistant secretary of the Treasury for economic policy in the Clinton administration. From The Reading List Economic Policy Institute: “What labor market changes have generated inequality and wage suppression?” — “Labor markets in capitalist economies are fundamentally tilted against individual workers’ ability to bargain effectively with employers. Policy does not have to be rigged for employers to give them particular clout in labor markets; instead, the very nature of these labor markets gives them clout. In the past, when economic growth was broadly shared across the population, it was because policymakers understood this basic asymmetry and used policy levers to bolster the leverage and bargaining power of workers. Conversely, recent decades’ rise of inequality and anemic wage growth has resulted from a stripping away of these policy bulwarks to workers’ labor market power. “Why it matters: Recent research on ‘monopsony power’—the leverage enjoyed by employers to set their workers’ pay—is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the asymmetry inherent in labor markets. However, ‘monopsony power’ is often a confusing term to even the most savvy economic writers and researchers, and too often it is used only to describe markets that are concentrated (i.e., where there are relatively few employers). Market concentration can indeed suppress workers’ wages, but employer power exists even in markets with lots of employers. If only the narrow conception of ‘monopsony power’ is recognized and policymakers focus only on interventions that target the effect of market concentration (antitrust, for example), then other measures that could more effectively restore the balance of power in labor markets might not get the consideration they should.” Washington Post: “The benefits of this ‘strong economy’ have not reached all Americans” — “Jerome H. Powell, chair of the Federal Reserve and one of the world’s top economic leaders, has spent much of 2018 telling people that the U.S. economy is strong and almost ‘too good to be true.’ But last week, he stressed a different message — not everyone has been lifted by faster growth. “‘The benefits of this strong economy and sound financial system have not reached all Americans,’ Powell said in Dec. 3 speech. ‘The aggregate statistics tend to mask important disparities by income, race and geography.’ “He repeated that message in a Dec. 6 speech. ‘While the economy is strong overall, we recognize that some communities have yet to feel the full benefits of the ongoing expansion,’ he said.” The Economist: “Why American unemployment is so low” — “Markets may be jittery, but America’s job-creation machine continues to roll on. America’s economy added 155,000 net new jobs in November. Strikingly, the unemployment rate is 3.7%, which is the lowest level in roughly half a century. The last time America enjoyed a similar stretch of low unemployment it was preparing to put men on the moon. How has the American economy managed to achieve such low rates of joblessness? “The official rate of unemployment is a ratio of the number of people counted as unemployed to the number considered to be in the labour force, which includes everyone who has a job or wants one. The unemployment rate can wobble for all sorts of reasons. It rose toward 10% during the Great Recession as employers shed staff. Early in the recovery, the unemployment rate began to drop even though hiring remained weak, because workers frustrated by the lack of jobs stopped looking for work and were no longer counted as part of the labour force. The unemployment rate is so low at the moment not only because hiring has been strong, but also because some people who might otherwise be counted as jobless are still not looking for work.” CBS News: “‘I blame myself’: Retirement remains out of reach for millions of Americans” — “For the first time since the 1940s, Ameri

Stories: 1) Is Wall Street At Fault For Mortgage Meltdown? 2) Economy's Woes Mean Housing Crisis For Pets, Too


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Question: Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed

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With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.
In comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

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Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: U.S. Births Dip To 30-Year Low; Fertility Rate Sinks Further Below Replacement Level

Updated at 8:48 p.m. ET The birthrate fell for nearly every group of women of reproductive age in the U.S. in 2017, reflecting a sharp drop that saw the fewest newborns since 1987, according to a new report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. There were 3,853,472 births in the U.S. in 2017 — "down 2 percent from 2016 and the lowest number in 30 years," the CDC said. The general fertility rate sank to a record low of 60.2 births per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 — a 3 percent drop from 2016, the CDC said in its tally of provisional data for the year. The results put the U.S. further away from a viable replacement rate – the standard for a generation being able to replicate its numbers. "The rate has generally been below replacement since 1971," according to the report from CDC's National Center for Health Statistics. The CDC calculates a "total fertility rate" by estimating how many babies a hypothetical group of 1,000 women would likely have over their lifetime. That measure now stands at 1,764.5 births per 1,000 women — a 3 percent drop from 2016. The replacement rate is 2,100 births per 1,000 women. "The decline in the rate from 2016 to 2017 was the largest single-year decline since 2010," the CDC said. The 2017 numbers also represent a 10-year fall from 2007, when the U.S. finally broke its post-World War baby boom record, with more than 4.3 million births. Historically, the number of babies born in the U.S. has gradually risen since a sharp decline in the early 1970s. But that growth has been inconsistent, and over the same time frame, the birthrate has shown a general decline. The numbers are often subject to spikes and sudden dips, driven in large part by the country's economy, generational size and other factors. The numbers seem to correspond with what the Census Bureau and others have been predicting for years: America's population growth will increasingly depend on immigrants, after decades in which the U.S. enjoyed a relatively high fertility rate when compared with that of other developed countries. As The Associated Press reports, the U.S. birthrate is "still above countries such as Spain, Greece, Japan and Italy, but the gap appears to be closing." Broken out by age, the 2017 birthrate fell for teenagers by 7 percent, to 18.8 births per 1,000, a record low. That figure is for women from 15 to 19 years old. For that same group, the birthrate has fallen by 55 percent since 2007 and by 70 percent since the most recent peak in 1991, the CDC said. Women in their 40s were the only group to see a higher birthrate last year. Between the ages of 40 and 44, there were 11.6 births per 1,000 women, up 2 percent from 2016, according to the CDC's provisional data. Birthrates fell by 4 percent both for women from 20 to 24 years old and for women of ages 25 to 29. For women in their 30s — a group that had recently seen years of rising birthrates — the rate fell slightly in 2017. The drop included a 2 percent fall among women in their early 30s, a group that still maintained the highest birthrate of any age group, at 100.3 births per 1,000 women. For the third year in a row, both the preterm birthrate and the low birth weight rate rose. The CDC said that the 9.93 percent rise in preterm births was due to late preterm births and that the early preterm rate had not changed from 2016's 2.75 percent. Low birth weight — defined as newborns that weigh less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces — rose slightly above the highest level previously recorded, with 2017's 8.27 percent topping 2006's 8.26 percent. The overall cesarean delivery rate nudged upward in 2017, rising to 32 percent from 31.9 percent – still below the all-time high of 32.9 percent in 2009. The CDC also tallied births by race and cultural data (but it doesn't yet have the data to compare those figures to the overall populations). Here's how some of the 2017 numbers were reported:  All Races and Origins: 3,853,472 White: 1,991,348 Hispanic: 897,518 Black: 560,560 Asian: 249,214 American Indian or Alaska Native: 29,878 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: 9,418

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Protests, Clashes Build Again In Cairo. -- Deal Reached On Greek Debt, Markets Rise In Relief. -- Arafat's Grave Opened, Samples Taken To Be Tested For Poison. Other stories making news: -- "Fiscal Cliff Compromise: Devil Is In The Definition Of Revenue." (It's All Politics) -- Fiscal Cliff Talks "Accelerate." (The Washington Post) -- Bangladesh Factory Fire That Killed More Than 100 "Was Deliberately Set, Officials Believe." (The Guardian) -- "North Korea Suspected Of Planning Rocket Test." (The New York Times) -- Sandy-related Damage In New York And New Jersey Topped $60 Billion, Governors Say. (The Associated Press) -- Dr. Joseph Murray, Who Performed First Successful Kidney Transplant And Won A Nobel Prize, Has Died. (The Associated Press) -- Powerball Jackpot At Record $425 Million — And Growing — Ahead Of Wednesday Drawing. (ABC News)


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Friday News Roundup - Domestic

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Over the weekend, mass shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, reignited debates that surface each time the nation reels from such atrocities: about gun control, about mental health, about domestic terrorism. We took your calls and heard your concerns. We talked about the threat of white supremacy. And we analyzed the media’s role in covering extremist ideology. One listener, Sandy from Houston, called in and said she ran errands with her daughter Monday morning and told her she was nervous to go into a Walmart, where the El Paso shooting took place. Her high school-aged daughter responded: “Try having to go to school.” Thanks to those who shared with us. Please keep sharing as we continue to cover these tragedies. We’re also following another spate of violence from the weekend that got much less attention. In Chicago, seven people were killed and at least 55 were wounded by gunfire between Friday evening and Monday morning — the city’s worst weekend of gun violence this year. Here’s more from The Chicago Tribune:  The toll is slightly higher than the first weekend in June, when 52 people were shot, eight of them fatally. So far this year, at least 1,600 people have been shot in Chicago. There have been at least 300 homicides, according to data kept by the Chicago Tribune. Both numbers are below last year. As it has done repeatedly, the department blamed the burst of weekend violence on the availability of guns and what it sees as inadequate punishment for people arrested on weapons charges.  Why did the Chicago shootings get so little national coverage? We also bring you the latest on the administration’s immigration policy. This week, ICE officials raided work sites across the state of Mississippi, arresting nearly 700 people the agency says are undocumented immigrants. Officials called it the largest immigration enforcement action to be conducted in a single state. Plus, we cover Puerto Rico’s new governor, the release of Cyntoia Brown and the 2020 race from the Iowa State Fair. Text by Kathryn Fink. GUESTS Maria Hinojosa, Anchor and executive producer, NPR’s Latino USA; @Maria_Hinojosa Daniel Newhauser, Senior political reporter, Vice News; @dnewhauser Matthew Continetti, Editor-in-chief, The Washington Free Beacon Reid Wilson, National correspondent, The Hill; author, “Epidemic: Ebola and the Global Scramble to Prevent the Next Killer Outbreak”;  @PoliticsReid For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: The Big Screen from 91.7 WVXU

Larry Thomas reviews the new Ben Affleck directed film, Gone Baby, Gone.

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.