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Question: Young Democrats Wonder Whether Party Is Prioritizing Nostalgia Over The Future

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The second night of the Democratic National Convention began with a montage of young elected leaders — 17 of the party's "rising stars" delivering a joint keynote from across the country. But the convention's first two nights also prominently featured speakers more reminiscent of bygone political eras than the current one, like Bill Clinton, Jimmy Carter, John Kerry, Colin Powell, Cindy McCain and Caroline Kennedy. That lineup has made some young people wonder whether the party is emphasizing nostalgia over the kind of forward-focused vision for the country most likely to entice younger voters. When convention organizers unveiled the speaker list last week, a group representing more than 200 convention delegates under age 35 wrote an open letter calling for more generational diversity in the program.  Joseph Mullen, an 18-year-old Bernie Sanders delegate from Florida who founded the Young Delegates Coalition to bolster the voices of millennial (ages 24-39) and Gen Z delegates (ages 18-23) in the party, says it's not just a question of representation. Appeals for a return to normalcy fall flat with many young voters.  "We are in such a critical state as young people where we are watching climate change erode the shorelines down here in Florida," Mullen says. "We are watching our peers and fellow students be killed in school because of gun violence. These are urgent catastrophes in our country. These are things that are impending, right in front of our faces. And to me, it feels like we don't have the time to say we're going to go back to the old model of politics." Before showrunners added the 17-person keynote address and other tweaks to the agenda, Mullen said the average age of a confirmed convention speaker was 62 years old and the whole week originally featured only two elected officials under age 40: Pete Buttigieg, the former mayor of South Bend, Ind., and New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. Tuesday's keynote was a welcome addition, Mullen says, but when members of the Young Delegates Coalition gathered for a virtual watch party Tuesday night, two squares on the convention bingo cards they printed for the night encapsulated their frustration. The squares were to be marked off when someone complained about Bill Clinton speaking too long or Ocasio-Cortez speaking too little.  Zenaida Huerta, a 22-year-old Sanders delegate from California, says the party missed an opportunity with young voters by not featuring Ocasio-Cortez more prominently. "Her speech really was an emotional and passionate plea and full of imagery of the pain that Americans and young Americans, frankly, are quite familiar with," Huerta says. "Young Americans right now are leading marches against racial injustice across America, and they're the ones suffering the most under this economic system." Huerta says the rawness that Ocasio-Cortez captured in just over a minute did more to speak to young voters than any of the septuagenarian talkers who got more time.  Prentiss Haney, executive director of the Ohio Student Association, says the speaker lineup makes him think the campaign is making a calculated choice about which voters are most likely to show up and help Joe Biden across the finish line this fall.  Haney points to a poll released in June by the Alliance for Youth Action that found 43% of persuadable young voters had not been contacted by the Democratic Party or the Biden campaign.  "Young people are not confused about the choice or the stakes," Haney says. "What they want is to be acknowledged around their political agency, and to understand what's the path forward? What's the long arc?" From Michigan, 27 year-old state Rep. Mari Manoogian helped deliver the opening keynote. It was pretaped, but by 10 o'clock Tuesday night, she was just getting a chance to grab some dinner after the segment aired. Manoogian attended her first convention as a high-schooler with her dad. She says that the Biden campaign has been serious about engaging young people beyond just the convention and that the keynote made that clear. "This is not the first time I've had any interaction with the campaign before or with folks who are working to get Biden and [Kamala] Harris elected," Manoogian says. "This is a deep relationship that we've built with them. And they listen to us. They take our opinions very seriously. And that, to me, is showing that, you know, not just when it matters for television, but when it truly counts, they're taking young, progressive leadership seriously." Matthew Nowling, interim president of the College Democrats, says you have to look at the convention week as a whole. On top of daytime programming for young people and progressives throughout the week, he says there is plenty for young people to like on the main stage, like Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders and former first lady Michelle Obama. "I don't know how many of my friends are sitting through the whole thing," he says. "But I do know that people are on social media and se

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- After Four Years, Chinese Dissident Artist Ai Weiwei Gets His Passport Back. -- Loops, Glitches Raise Questions About Dash Cam Video. And here are more early headlines: Critical Transportation Bill Stalls In Senate. (Politico) Congress To Get Briefing From Administration On Iran Nuclear Deal. (USA Today) Jury To Start Sentencing Phase In Colorado Theater Shooter Case. (NBC) Kyrgyzstan Ends Treaty With U.S. Following Diplomatic Row. (VOA) Burundi Counts Votes In Presidential Election That The U.S. Says Isn't Credible. (BBC) Armed Citizens Guarding Some Military Recruitment Centers. (AP) Navajo Nation Voters Loosen Language Requirements For Tribal Leaders. (Farmington Daily Times) Washed Out I-10 Freeway Bridge To Partially Re-Open Friday. (KJZZ) Scientists Believe They've Got Fragments Of World's Oldest Koran. (Time)


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Question: Summary Judgment: New Movies

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In this installment of Summary Judgment, a roundup of critical response to new movie releases brought to you by online magazine Slate, we'll hear about Premonition, I Think I Love My Wife and The Wind That Shakes the Barley.

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Nearly A Third Of Renters Didn't Pay By 1st Week Of April

Updated at 2:58 p.m. ET About a third of renters did not pay on time this month as business closures put millions of people out of work.   The National Multifamily Housing Council says 31% of renters didn't make their payment in the first week of April. Normally, about 20% of people don't pay their rent on time. The group tracks more than 13 million units through its survey. Next month could be even worse if renters don't get government assistance in time, says Doug Bibby, the group's president. He's worried that could spell disaster for many rental property owners. "If the rent payments drop off significantly, they won't be able to pay their staffs, they won't be able to pay their mortgages, they won't be able to pay their utilities," Bibby says. "They won't be able to pay the managers who manage their properties for them. "I just see this cascading out throughout the whole system and just exacerbating the unemployment problem and the dislocation problem," he adds. Bibby says the biggest, strongest players in the rental apartment industry should be OK. They have cash reserves and various ways to access money if they need it during the crisis. But he says rental housing is a very fragmented industry with large portion of the units owned by small businesses with 50 to 100 units. He says they could be in much bigger trouble. There are also many mom-and-pop landlords who only own a few units.  "If an apartment owner has to shut down a 50-unit building, those people have to find shelter somewhere else," Bibby says. That's what "worries me the most," he says. Congress placed an emergency ban on evictions, but it doesn't cover all properties. Many states and cities have their own eviction bans, but it's unclear how that would work if the business running the property collapsed.  Housing advocates have been calling for more assistance for renters during the crisis. "We need the federal government to step in," says Shamus Roller,  executive director of the National Housing Law Project.  He notes that the CARES Act allows homeowners to defer mortgage payments. So, he says, Congress realized that "homeowners are going to need some help to survive this.  "I don't understand why we think that somehow tenants are going to be able to make their payments on time when we don't expect that of anybody else right now," Roller adds. Bibby's group is urging more help as well. One idea — federal rental vouchers that could be used to pay landlords. There are already existing voucher programs to help some lower-income households pay rent. The proposal would dramatically expand that to reach people who've lost their income in the crisis.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: After Chávez: His 'Revolution' Is Likely To Continue. Storm Brings Season's Heaviest Snowfall To Midwest, Mid-Atlantic. And here are more early headlines: Brennan's CIA Nomination On 'Fast Track'; Vote May Come As Early As Thursday. (AP) Finally! Last Cardinal Expected Soon At Vatican To Help Choose New Pope. (CNN) Could Dow's New Record Prompt More Spending By Wealthy? (Marketwatch) European Union Fines Microsoft For Denying Consumers Web Browser Choice. (Reuters) After Two Years Of Fighting, Syria Has 1 Million Refugees. (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles City Councilman, Controller, Headed For Mayoral Runoff. (KPCC) Czech Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Under Attack By Hackers. (Reuters) Did The Duchess Of Cambridge Drop A Hint About Her Baby's Gender? (People)


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Question: A Tribute to George Harrison, Ghazal, Swimming Pool Q's

The eccentric Swimming Pool Q's; Reinventing Willie Nelson's Red Headed Stranger; The Fallen Angel of Manchester's Elbow; Persian and Indian improvisations from Ghazal. Featured Artist: A Tribute to George Harrison. Download this show in the All Songs Considered podcast. Sign up for the All Songs Considered newsletter and we'll tell you when new music features are available on the site.

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A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: Greenspan Endorses Bipartisan Task Force To Slash Federal Debt

Saying that creation of a "bipartisan federal task force is an excellent idea," former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan this morning gave a strong endorsement to the idea of having such a commission design ways to head off a "pending crisis" in the funding of Medicare and Medicaid. In testimony before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs, Greenspan said that:  The dire consequences of a failure to tighten sufficiently to balance our books ... calls for policies that err significantly on the side of restraint. I understand that this is politically very difficult to do. But our nation has never before had to confront so formidable a fiscal crisis as is now visible just over the horizon.  Yesterday, the House of Representatives voted to give the federal government the power to borrow another $290 billion because the current $12.1 trillion debt ceiling is about to be exceeded.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Hong Kong, Police Clear Final 'Occupy' Protest Site. -- U.S. Says It Has Closed Its Final Detention Center In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: The Latest On The Congressional Omnibus Spending Bill. (Politico) U.N Official Calls For Prosecution Of U.S. Agents In Harsh Interrogations. (Newsweek) U.S. Finds Medical Bills Lead Americans' Unpaid Debts. (CFPB) Study Finds More Than 5 Trillion Pieces Of Plastic In World's Oceans. (New York Times) British, Irish Prime Ministers Join Northern Irish Peace Talks. (BBC) Falling Oil Prices Swell Alaska's Potential Budget Deficit. (AP) After 12 Days, Missing Boater Found Miles Off Hawaii. (Christian Science Monitor)


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Question: The California Report Magazine 2006-12-01

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A Church Divided: Episcopalians Split Over Gay and Lesbian Clergy -- Questions over the ordination of gays and lesbians have Episcopalians in the Central Valley voting on whether to break away from the national church. Also, a new exhibit in San Francisco explores the nature of listening, from eavesdropping to music appreciation.

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Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Phone Could Link ISI To Bin Laden

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Good morning. — Cellphone Contact List Links Bin Laden To Pakistan Intelligence: A phone belonging to bin Laden's trusted courier turns out to have had contact numbers for a militant group closely linked to the shadowy Inter-Services Intelligence agency, Pakistan's equivalent of the CIA, The New York Times says, quoting unnamed American officials. The group Harakat ul-Mujahedeen, is believed to have long acted as a proxy for the ISI in places such as Indian-controlled Kashmir. The U.S. officials emphasize that while the evidence is no "smoking gun" that Pakistan's ISI sheltered bin Laden, it is "a serious lead" and "an avenue we're investigating." (The New York Times) Harakat ul-Mujahedeen, however, has denied any links to bin Laden. A spokesman for the militant group told the BBC that it had "never ever been in touch with Osama."  — Strong Quake Off Alaska Triggers Tsunami Warning: An earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 7.3 that struck in the Aleutian chain triggered a tsunami warning, forcing residents in Atka and Dutch Harbor to move to higher ground. The warning was later cancelled. Those same communities were in full tsunami mode in March as a result of the Japan quake. (KTUU, Alaska)   — European Stocks Rebound On Greek Bailout Deal: A pledge by European Union leaders on Thursday to give Athens more money to meet payments on its soveriegn debt has helped shore up the region's shakey markets. The deal, in exchange for Greek lawmakers passing $111 billion in austerity measures, has calmed fears over a default in Greece, which many feared could spill over into other eurozone, most notably Spain, sending shockwaves through the region. Now, it looks like Greece might just "muddle through," according to one fund manager quoted by Bloomberg.  — Timing Of Afghanistan Drawdown Seen As Political: NPR's Ari Shapiro reports on speculation that the timing of the withdraw of "surge" forces from Afghanistan is a little too politically convenient for President Obama. On Morning Edition, Shapiro quotes the Brookings Institution's Robert Kagan, a foreign policy advisor to John McCain during the 2008 presidential campaign, as saying the September 2012 deadline for withdrawal is timed to pay dividends in the presidential vote two months later. The White House denies that the timing of the surge drawdown has anything to do with the election. (NPR)   — Syria Braces For More Anti-Assad Protests: A new round of protests is taking place after Friday prayers. Anti-government activists have appealed on Facebook, saying the slogan du jour is that Bashar al-Assad "is no longer my president and his government no longer represents me." A total of 11,700 Syrians have fled to neighboring Turkey since the unrest began weeks ago. According to The Associated Press:  Thousands marched [Friday] in Amouda and Qamishli in the northeast and in other provinces, Syria-based human rights activist Mustafa Osso said. Activists reported a heavy military presence to squelch protests elsewhere. The Local Coordination Committees, which track the Syrian protests, reported military trucks Friday in areas including the Damascus suburbs of Zabadani and Barzeh. In the central city of Homs, all roads leading to the city center were reported blocked.  — Minot Braces For A 'Doubling' Of Flood Water: Minot, North Dakota Mayor Curt Zimbelman says he's been told by the Army Corp of Engineers that rising water in the Souris River will force the need for increased outflows from the already bulging Lake Darling. By Saturday afternoon, the outflow from the lake will double, raising flood levels around the city by two to three feet. (Minot Daily News)

Stories: 1) U.S. Military Searches For A Device To Stop IEDs 2) Matchmaker, Matchmaker ... Run Your Algorithm 3) Thelonious Monk: Making The Piano Hum


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Question: From A Recently Released

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From a recently released CD, Musica Antiqua of Cologne, conducted by Reinhard Goebel (REYEN-hart G(OO)-bel), performs the Gavotte from the Overture No. 2 in F by Francesco Maria Veracini (frahn-CHES-koh mah-REE-ah veh-rah-CHEE-nee). (Archiv 439 937-2)

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Episode 403: What Can We Do With Our Shell Companies?

Note: This episode originally ran in September 2012 with an update in December 2012. The story picks up several months after we set up a our shell companies — Unbeliezable, Inc., in Belize, and Delawho? in Delaware. We talk to some tax lawyers to try to figure out what we can do with our companies. We draft a resolution so we can go to Belize to meet the fake director and fake shareholder of our company. And we learn that owning shell companies in tax havens is a bigger hassle than we thought. Music: "Cuz It's Cool" and "Bitter And Twisted." Find us: Twitter/ Facebook. DAVID KESTENBAUM, HOST:  Hey, everybody. It's David. A couple weeks ago, we replayed one of our favorite episodes. It was about how we had set up our own offshore shell companies to try and figure out how these things work and what people do with them exactly. So we thought today we would replay the conclusion to that series so you can hear how it all came out. You're going to hear Chana Joffe-Walt and me. Here it is. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED BROADCAST) CHANA JOFFE-WALT, HOST:  We got something really exciting in the mail recently. It's right here. Two packages came in the mail containing all the legal paperwork for the two shell companies that we recently formed. We have one in Delaware and one in Belize. KESTENBAUM: We kept hearing about these tax havens, about how so much of the world's wealth is stored on these little islands. JOFFE-WALT: So we were wondering, how does it work, and can we get it on that? It turns out, yes, indeed, we can get in on that, incredibly easily, actually. Within a few days, we had opened up a shell company in Belize. We named her Unbelizable. KESTENBAUM: And once we did that, a little pink in the cheeks from our success, we heard about another tax haven. This one isn't even offshore. It's Delaware - no ID, no passport required, nothing. Twenty-four hours later, we owned Delawho? Does it actually have a question mark at the end? JOFFE-WALT: It does. And the whole thing, I have to say, felt really exciting. It felt like all of a sudden we were welcomed into this secret, shady world, and now that we were inside, we could learn all of its tricks. We were promised in the process again and again that no person or government would ever find out that we owned Unbelizable. Anyone coming after us was going to need a court order before the people in Belize would turn over any documents. And we could appoint fake directors and shareholders so our names were nowhere to be found in the paperwork. It was honestly - it was just as secret and sketchy as I had always imagined, and it was way easier to take part in it in this whole world than I expected. KESTENBAUM: And then the mail came with these piles of documents, one in an envelope, one in a big FedEx box. And Chana, this has all been just sitting on your desk for a month now. I would walk by them multiple times a day. We've just been kind of looking at them, not knowing what to do next. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) JOFFE-WALT: Hello, and welcome to PLANET MONEY. I'm Chana Joffe-Walt. KESTENBAUM: And I'm David Kestenbaum. Today on the show, tax lawyers to the rescue, we visit two experts and find out that in addition to buying these two companies, we may have also bought ourselves a world of trouble. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) KESTENBAUM: So we took all the stuff we got in the mail, and we took it to some lawyers, these guys at Rogin Nassau at Hartford, Conn. We met with David Buckley there and Daniel Gottfried. They're specialists in this whole offshore world that we'd just gotten involved in. We sat down in a conference room. There was a fruit plate. JOFFE-WALT: There was. It was good. And Daniel and David basically just walked us through what we had just bought, starting with our Delaware company. DAVID BUCKLEY: So we have a three-ring binder that's burgundy and black in a gold inlay, and it says Delawho? LLC on the binding, looks pretty serious, certificate of organization, operating agreement. JOFFE-WALT: It really feels like I'm, like, in fifth grade, and my mom went to the store and got, like, a company kit for me to practice running a business. BUCKLEY: No, I - absolutely, absolutely. This is your toy company. KESTENBAUM: At this point, we took out the toy we were most excited about. JOFFE-WALT: They came with these. KESTENBAUM: The Delawho? corporate seal, we got one from Belize, too. It cost us a little extra. They are these awesome stamps. You put a piece of paper in, you just squeeze it, and it imprints this... JOFFE-WALT: All right. KESTENBAUM: ...Seal, you know, this official, corporate seal for our company. BUCKLEY: They up-sold you. (LAUGHTER) BUCKLEY: You know, we don't usually get that for our clients. JOFFE-WALT: David and Daniel, I think, were highly amused by the two of us. So they basically sat down with Unbelizable and Delawho? and read through all the papers to try to understand all these legal documents that we got. And in doing so, they found a lot of stuff we didn

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Obama Is 'Dithering' On Afghanistan & 'Giving In' To Left, Cheney Says

Conservative pundit William Kristol said former vice president Dick Cheney would be giving a "real humdinger" of a speech last night, and Cheney did just that. At the Center for Security Policy in Washington, Cheney: -- Said "the White House must stop dithering while America's armed forces are in danger" in Afghanistan. "Make no mistake, signals of indecision out of Washington hurt our allies and embolden our adversaries. Waffling, while our troops on the ground face an emboldened enemy, endangers them and hurts our cause." -- Assailed the Obama team for not imitating the Bush administration on national security policy. "Eight years into the effort, one thing we know is that the enemy has spent most of this time on the defensive -- and every attempt to strike inside the United States has failed," Cheney said. "So you would think that our successors would be going to the intelligence community saying, 'How did you did you do it? What were the keys to preventing another attack over that period of time?' "Instead, they've chosen a different path entirely -- giving in to the angry left, slandering people who did a hard job well, and demagoguing an issue more serious than any other they'll face in these four years. No one knows just where that path will lead, but I can promise you this: There will always be plenty of us willing to stand up for the policies and the people that have kept this country safe." -- Defended the Bush administration against charges that it allowed some suspected terrorists to be tortured. "In short, to call enhanced interrogation a program of torture is not only to disregard the program's legal underpinnings and safeguards," Cheney said. "Such accusations are a libel against dedicated professionals who acted honorably and well, in our country's name and in our country's cause. What's more, to completely rule out enhanced interrogation in the future, in favor of half-measures, is unwise in the extreme. In the fight against terrorism, there is no middle ground, and half-measures keep you half exposed. "For all that we've lost in this conflict, the United States has never lost its moral bearings -- and least of all can that be said of our armed forces and intelligence personnel. They have done right, they have made our country safer, and a lot of Americans are alive today because of them." The text of Cheney's address is posted here. And the center has made video available as well: The center gave Cheney its "Keeper of the Flame" award. The organization is run by Reagan-era Defense Department official Frank Gaffney.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Texas Fertilizer Plant Blast Killed Several, Injured Dozens -- Boston Marathon Explosions: Thursday's Developments -- Ricin Suspect Described As Conspiracist, Elvis Impersonator -- Jobless Claims Rose Slightly Last Week -- Book News: Vast 'Digital Public Library Of America' Opens Today Other stories making headlines: -- "North Korea Sets Conditions For Return To Talks." (The New York Times) -- "Musharraf Flees Pakistan Court As Judges Order His Arrest." (The Globe and Mail) -- "I'm Furious," Former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-Ariz.) Writes After Gun Bills Fail In Senate. (The New York Times) -- "After Gun Defeat, Where Does Obama Go From Here?" (Roll Call) -- "Obama Uses And Loses Political Capital On Gun Control." (It's All Politics)


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Question: Medicaid Cuts In Wisconsin Would Undermine Training For Adults With Disabilities

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"['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'The eastern Congo in Africa has been mired in conflict for decades. But in one corner of the city of Goma, men are trying to heal the scars of war by becoming a different type of fighter. Here, it\'s jabs and uppercuts that are flying instead of grenades and bullets. At 6 a.m., even the streets of Goma have a sense of peace about them. Music spills from the storefront churches, and the normally terrifying motorcycle taxis offer a discounted "first customer" fare. It\'s also the time when a group of young men known as the Friendship Club gathers in a concrete notch of an open-air soccer stadium to train. Lacking ropes or a ring, or in some cases sneakers, the men exchange jabs while their trainer and coach Kibomango looks on with a serene smile. "I feel at ease when I see them practicing," Kibomango says. "Considering what we passed through, when I see young people practicing like this, it pleases me a lot." The 35-year-old coach — born Balezi Bagunda, but everyone calls him by his fighting moniker — is blind in his left eye from a bomb blast. This has to be strange for his opponents, because he boxes southpaw. The eye you see when he comes at you is shriveled, sunken — an old man\'s eye, on a powerful body. "It doesn\'t matter having one eye," he says, "because I\'m used to fighting since my youth." In fact, Kibomango\'s whole childhood was a series of battles: first, as a street boy fighting for food and turf; then as a child soldier in the rebel army that brought the now-rulers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to power. Today the young men he coaches are 19 or 20 years old but already veterans — snatched up by militia groups to fight at age 12 or 10. Kibomango teaches them boxing as well as auto mechanics with help from a local nongovernmental organization, the Kivu Assistance and Reintegration Centre. It was started by Congolese peace activists. One of his students is 19-year-old Kedrique Moke, who boxes under the name Tyson — as in Mike. Moke was just 10 years old when he was conscripted into the Union of Congolese Patriots, a rebel militia notorious for ethnic massacres, torture and rapes. He says he doesn\'t remember very much. "We were given a sort of water which was a spirit water," he says. "It changes your mind, and whatever thing you do you don\'t know it. If we killed we killed, but we were not under control of ourselves." It might seem odd that teaching former killers the art of fighting could help them become better citizens or deal with post-traumatic stress disorder. But Kibomango says boxing and fighting are as different as sports and war. Raw brutality doesn\'t win matches. You have to pay attention, stay in control — not the way he recalls himself as a child soldier, lost "in space." "When I say being in the space, I mean I wasn\'t really responsible for myself. I was ready to be sent. Go here, I go. Do this, I do. That\'s what I mean being in the space," he says. Three years ago, the one-eyed Kibomango became welterweight champion of his province. Apparently he beat his opponent so hard that the man died a few days later. This month, Kibomango and some of his trainees were going to nationals — that is, until November, when a rebel group called M23 took over the city of Goma. The governor fled and took with him the money that the boxers were to use to fly to the championship in Kinshasa. So now, each night on TV, Kibomango watches other boxers fight his bouts. And instead of dealing with sports agents, he\'s dealing with a different kind of local recruiter. The M23 rebels, though officially retreated from the city, still lurk around training sessions in civilian clothes. "They tell us it\'s good there [with the M23]," he says. "They tell us we can be mechanics, boxers, and that we\'re going to get salaries. "Military politics," Kibomango adds. Just then, a young boxer, Fabrice Djef, interrupts. "We are sons of Congo," he says. "We\'d die before we fought for M23 against our country." But Kibomango says he has already lost two boxers to the M23. And he\'s not so quick to label his former trainees as traitors. "Yes, they were recruited. Even me — if it continues like this, because there\'s no other way of surviving without being a soldier — I can even go again to the army," he says. Even if that means giving up boxing and going back to the fighting life. DAVID GREENE, HOST:  This next story is about learning to fight to heal the scars of war. We\'re going to a part of the world that\'s known nothing but conflict for two decades, eastern Congo. NPR\'s Gregory Warner found a spot in the city of Goma, where what\'s flying aren\'t grenades and bullets, but jabs and uppercuts. (SOUNDBITE OF BIRDS) GREGORY WARNER, BYLINE: At six in the morning, even the streets of Goma have a sense of peace about them. Music spills from the store front churches and the normally terrifying motorcycle taxis give you a discounted first customer fare. (SOUNDBITE OF WHIRRING) WARNER: And 6 A.M. is the time that a group of young men,']" == "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'A Different Kind Of Combat In The Eastern Congo']"

It's morning meeting time at Our Place Day Services, a day center for adults with disabilities, housed in a small concrete and glass building on Lovers Lane in Slinger, Wis. About 30 people are gathered here, around a long table, reciting the pledge of allegiance. One man paces alongside the table, another sits in a wheelchair a few feet away. There's a woman holding a baby in her lap and a friendly dog — a goldendoodle — wandering around greeting people with a sniff and a lick. A modest operation based north of Milwaukee, on Interstate 43, Our Place serves as a safe place for people with severe cognitive disabilities to spend their days and learn news skills while the family members who usually care for them are at work. Clients at Our Place can participate in fun activities — do art or go bowling with staff from the center — and they also work on specific skills like money management or cooking. The center provides the sort of crucial support services that many people are concerned will no longer be offered if Republicans proceed with their planned cuts to Medicaid. On this Monday morning the clients at Our Place are sharing their goals — big and small. One man wants to finish a mosaic he's working on, while a woman down the table says she hopes to go to the movies with a friend someday. Danielle Wirsbinski reads from a long list. "To have a job, to do more volunteering, learn new skills, talk .... taking classes, go to school, to live on my own," she says. Another group member, Eric S. (who asked that we not use his last name because he's not comfortable going public about his condition), describes the work he's doing to be able to live on his own someday. "Learning how to cook with Justine. Justine teaches me how to shop," he says, referring to Justine Orr, a staffer who works with him at Our Place. "I learn how to clean with Justine and I did safety skills in the home." "We help men and women become the men and women they were meant to be," says Donna Ellenbecker, director of Our Place. But she's worried about the Republican plan to overhaul Medicaid. All but one of her 33 clients pay for their classes and care at Our Place with Medicaid dollars. Wisconsin's Medicaid system includes a program called IRIS that grants people with disabilities a budget, based on their level of need, to use for services that help them live in the community. The state's approach is part of a national trend in recent decades to move people with severe developmental disabilities out of institutional settings by providing the support they and their families need to live more independently – either with their families, in community-based group homes or even on their own. "Many of our people are interested in having their own apartment someday, and are living with their parents now," Ellenbecker says. "They really need some help with the everyday skills of cooking and cleaning and doing the things that everyone else does to be able to live independently." President Trump and Republicans in Congress want to restructure the way Medicaid is funded. Instead of paying for all the medical care and services beneficiaries need, the health care bill Republicans passed through the House last month would grant each state a fixed sum per beneficiary based on what the state has spent in the past. That per-capita allowance would increase over time, but at a slower rate than health care costs generally rise. So the Congressional Budget Office estimates that Medicaid funding under the plan would be 25 percent less in 10 years than it would be under current law. "We're no longer going to measure compassion by the number of programs or the number of people on those programs but by the number of people we got off those programs," White House Budget Director Mick Mulvaney said last month. "We're no longer going to measure compassion by the amount of money that we spend but by the number of people that we help." While Medicaid is best known as a health care program for poor people, more than 80 percent of its budget goes to care for the elderly, children and people with disabilities, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Only 15 percent goes to health care for able-bodied adults, the people that Mulvaney was likely referring to in his remarks. The program has been growing in recent years and it now makes up almost 10 percent of federal spending. That's why it's the top target in President Trump's proposed budget, and figures prominently in the House Republican proposal to replace the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. Some estimates suggest the program could be cut by more than a trillion dollars over 10 years. But some Republicans in the Senate, who are now hammering out their own plan to replace Obamacare, are hesitant to make such big cuts to services for the poor, elderly people and those with disabilities. The people who come to Our Place each day aren't likely to be among those who can "get off" Medicaid. They're likely to need

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Not My Job: Project Runway's Tim Gunn Gets Quizzed On Terrible Fashion

Since he's always urging designers to "make it work," we've invited him to play a game called "You're never going to make that work." Originally broadcast June 6, 2014.

Stories: 1) Anita O'Day: Revisiting A Classic Voice 2) Harvey Kurtzman: The Comics World's 'Mad Genius' 3) Zooey Deschanel, From Actress To Indie Rocker 4) Foul Mouths And A Penetrating Farce In 'The Loop'


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Question: Documenting Haiti's Ruined Grandeur

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Photojournalist Swoan Parker recently toured Haiti's National Palace, which was destroyed in the 2010 earthquake. NPR's Laura Sullivan interviewed Parker about her photos of the once-grand building. Laura Sullivan: It looks like the building is literally falling down on top of you — how dangerous was it to walk around this former palace? Swoan Parker: Actually, pretty dangerous. I was a little afraid to take more in-depth pictures because of the instability of the structure. Because there are chunks of concrete just dangling from the ceiling, you are wondering if they're just going to come crashing down on you. So you walk as gingerly as possible, and just cross your fingers that nothing's going to happen. Sullivan: What were some of the most haunting photographs for you? Parker: Just looking at the cupola, which is now a symbol of the state of the country. But inside that cupola, there's a grand ballroom, so in my mind I was constantly wondering what it was like with some of the events that were there – some of the galas that they hosted — who might have been present. Sullivan: What is your sense of how people feel about the palace at this moment? For many people, it stands for Haiti's pride. This is a symbol for many people, so they consider it a great sense of loss. Sullivan: When you walked through the palace are there any vestiges of the seat of government that it once was? No, everything has been completely removed. You find the miscellaneous couch, but you don't find anything of significant importance. Sullivan: Are you planning to shoot the demolition of the National Palace? Yes, it's anticipated that demolition will begin within the next two weeks, but this is Haiti, so sometimes things are not always set in stone. Parker wrote about her experience photographing the National Palace on Reuters' photo blog. LAURA SULLIVAN, HOST:  Tropical Storm Isaac has Republicans scrambling to reorganize portions of their convention for tomorrow, but residents in Haiti are recovering from damage the storm did there yesterday. At least six people are dead after Isaac blew through the southern part of Haiti. It caused severe flooding in its capital Port-au-Prince. At least 350,000 Haitians still live in makeshift tents after the devastating earthquake there a year and a half ago. That 7.1 quake also ruined Haiti's National Palace, a historic structure roughly twice the size of the White House. The National Palace hasn't been a presidential residence for decades, but it's long been a symbol of Haiti's independence. The palace is scheduled for a complete demolition in the coming weeks. Photojournalist Swoan Parker recently shot the remains of the National Palace for Reuters news service, and she spoke with us earlier before Isaac hit. Swoan, welcome to the program. SWOAN PARKER: Oh, well, thank you for having me. SULLIVAN: It's so haunting to see in these pictures something that was once this beautiful palace, just an extraordinary place, in such a state of disrepair. What were some of the most haunting photographs for you? PARKER: I guess just looking at the cupola, which is so evident, and it's now a symbol of this fate of the country. It's a symbol for the catastrophe that happened. But then inside that cupola, there's like a grand ballroom. So in my mind, I was constantly wondering what was it like with some of the events that were there, some of the galas that they hosted, who might have been present - those things. SULLIVAN: And that cupola is the giant dome that you see on the far side of the palace, and it's tipping over on its side. It looks like it's about to fall over any second now. PARKER: Yes. Yes. SULLIVAN: How dangerous was it to walk around this former palace? PARKER: Actually, pretty dangerous. I was a little afraid to take some more in-depth pictures because of the instability of the structure. So kind of walking as gingerly as possible. SULLIVAN: When we look at some of these pictures, which I'm looking at right now and our listeners can see at npr.org, there's something so arresting about seeing a staircase without any walls. You don't expect to see a spiral staircase covered in red velvet carpet, you know, without anything around it. PARKER: No. Typically, you do not, but everything has fallen down away from it. It was a staircase of grandeur. I mean, it wasn't just your regular wooden staircase that you can find in different areas of the palace when I walked through it. It has a carpet on it. So that obviously led to an area where it was highly visible for people to see, and it meant something. SULLIVAN: What is your sense of how people feel about the palace at this moment? PARKER: It stands for Haiti's pride. So they consider it a great sense of loss. Their identity, so to speak, is lost for the most part. SULLIVAN: This palace is now slated to be demolished. Are you planning to shoot the demolition of the National Palace? PARKER: Yes, that is my intention. I'm just trying to get all the cleara

Stories: 1) Human Trafficking Revealed In 'The Snakehead' 2) Journalist Reports On The Situation In Afghanistan


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Question: The Color of Money: Wedding Day Savings

Every Tuesday, Day to Day gets its finances in order with contributor Michelle Singletary, who writes the syndicated column "The Color of Money" for The Washington Post. Today, NPR's  Alex Chadwick and Singletary look at ways to save money on the first big financial test of many couples' lives: their weddings.

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Friday News Roundup - Domestic

“Tanks, but no tanks,” the Washington, D.C. City Council opined on Twitter. They were talking about President Donald Trump’s July 4 “Salute To America,” the much-touted parade and fireworks display in D.C. WAMU reporter Elly Yu told us earlier this week that President Trump has angled for a military parade ever since he saw one during a visit to France in 2017. And the humanitarian crisis at the border continues to escalate. Yimi Alexis Balderramos-Torres, a 30-year-old Honduran man, died in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody this week. He was waiting in Mexico while his application for asylum was processed and later crossed into the United States without legal documentation. BuzzFeed reported ICE “was detaining more than 54,000 immigrants in jails around the country, an all-time record,” as of June 22. Several members of Congress visited the border this week, including Democrat Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. At one of the facilities they toured, Ocasio-Cortez said some migrant women told her they were being forced to drink out of toilets. This allegation was corroborated by other members of Congress on the trip and follows repeated allegations by immigrants saying they were forced to drink out of toilets. Earlier that day, ProPublica published a story about a Facebook group for Customs and Border Protection (CPB) officials. They reported that group members posted violent memes about migrant deaths, in addition to “a vulgar illustration depicting Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez engaged in oral sex with a detained migrant.” After the story’s publication, CBP said it opened an investigation into the posts. In a statement, the Border Patrol chief, Carla Provost said “Any employees found to have violated our standards of conduct will be held accountable.” And this week, NPR reported that the Department of Homeland Security issued fines to some immigrants who are in the country illegally. From NPR’s reporting:  It’s the latest hard-line effort by the administration as it clamps down on illegal immigration at the border and increases interior enforcement. “It is the intention of ICE to order you pay a fine in the amount of $497,777,” Lisa Hoechst, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officer, wrote to Edith Espinal Moreno in a letter dated June 25, 2019, obtained by NPR from lawyers for Moreno.  The Trump administration also seemed to drop its effort to add a question about citizenship to the 2020 Census. But then — the president tweeted. He wrote on Twitter:  “The News Reports about the Department of Commerce dropping its quest to put the Citizenship Question on the Census is incorrect or, to state it differently, FAKE! We are absolutely moving forward, as we must, because of the importance of the answer to this question.”  But a lawyer from the Department of Commerce said this during a July 3 hearing on the case.  The tweet this morning was the first I had heard of the President’s position on this issue, just like the plaintiffs and Your Honor. I do not have a deeper understanding of what that means at this juncture other than what the President has tweeted. But, obviously, as you can imagine, I am doing my absolute best to figure out what’s going on. I can tell you that I have confirmed that the Census Bureau is continuing with the process of printing the questionnaire without a citizenship question, and that process has not stopped.  The DOJ says that the government is now looking for a way to add the question. And the U.S. Women’s National Team is in the final of the World Cup. They won against England 2-1, even without the star power of midfielder Megan Rapinoe, who was sidelined with a hamstring injury. Lucky for the U.S., Rapinoe says she thinks she’ll be ready to play in the finals, which will take place on July 8 against The Netherlands. We wrap up all the news from this holiday week and more. GUESTS Susan Glasser, Staff writer, The New Yorker; global affairs analyst, CNN; @sbg1 Josh Kraushaar, Political editor, National Journal; @HotlineJosh Anita Kumar, White House correspondent and associate editor, Politico; @anitakumar01 For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: 2 Killed In Shooting At Wisconsin Casino; Gunman Slain

GREEN BAY, Wis. (AP) — Authorities in Wisconsin say a gunman killed two people at a Green Bay casino Saturday night and seriously wounded a third before he was shot and killed by police. Brown County Sheriff's Lt. Kevin Pawlak said investigators believe the gunman was targeting a specific person he was angry at, but the person wasn't at the Oneida Casino at the time. The gunman "decided to still shoot some of the victim's co-workers or friends, it appears," Pawlak said. THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. AP's earlier story follows below. GREEN BAY, Wis. (AP) — Patrons fled a Wisconsin casino after gunshots broke out Saturday evening, with one witness saying at least two people were shot. The attack happened around 7:30 p.m. at the Oneida Casino, operated by the Oneida Nation on the western side of Green Bay. Tribe spokeswoman Bobbi Webster said "individuals" had been shot, but she didn't have information on how many or their conditions. Attorney General Josh Kaul tweeted shortly before 10 p.m. that the scene "is contained. There is no longer a threat to the community." He gave no other details and an agency spokeswoman didn't immediately respond to a message. Green Bay police and the Brown County Sheriff's Office told The Associated Press they had no details on the casino incident. Jawad Yatim, a witness, said at least two people were shot. "I know for sure two, because it happened right next to us, literally right next to us," Yatim said. "But he was shooting pretty aggressively in the building, so I wouldn't doubt him hitting other people." Yatim said the shooting began in a casino restaurant. "We got the hell out of there, thank God we're OK, but obviously we wish the best for everybody who's been shot," he said. Webster said the casino is connected to a large hotel and conference center, the Radisson, also owned by the Oneida Nation. Gambler Max Westphal said he was standing outside after being evacuated for what he thought was a minor issue. "All of a sudden we hear a massive flurry of gunshots — 20 to 30 gunshots for sure," Westphal told WBAY-TV. "We took off running towards the highway ... There had to have been 50 cop cars that came by on the highway. It was honestly insane." Gov. Tony Evers issued a statement late Saturday saying he was "devastated" to hear about the shooting, but gave no details. "While we are waiting for more information, we hope and pray those who were injured will recover and are grateful for the first responders who quickly responded to the situation." The Oneida tribe's reservation lies on the west side of the Green Bay area.

Good morning (and our apologies for being late with this). Some of our early headlines: -- Judge Says Nidal Hasan Can Represent Himself In Fort Hood Trial -- Report: NSA Is Searching 'Vast Amounts' Of Americans' Emails -- 'Total Disgrace': Jackie Robinson Statue Defaced In Brooklyn -- 'New York Times' Is Not For Sale, Sulzberger Says -- Fannie Mae Books $10.1 Billion In Second-Quarter Profits -- 3 Winning Powerball Tickets Sold: 2 In N.J., 1 In Minnesota -- Burglars Return Loot To Group That Helps Sex Assault Victims -- Stars And Stripes: Pair Of Sumatran Tigers Born At National Zoo -- World-Record Snakehead Fish Caught In U.S. Other stories in the news: -- Wildfire In Southern California "Grows To 10,000 Acres; One Person Burned 'Head To Toe.' " (Los Angeles Times) -- 4 Killed, 4 Wounded In Dallas-area Shooting Rampage. (The Dallas Morning News) -- "Suspect's Vehicle In California Murder-abduction Case Seen In Oregon." (Reuters) -- Suicide Bomber In Quetta, Pakistan, Kills At Least 28. (BBC News)


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Question: Colorado Springs Learns To Live With Fire

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For the second year in a row, Colorado Springs has been beset by wildfire.  As NPR's Kirk Siegler reports, the city and its emergency response crews are doing their best to take the threat in stride.

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Stories: 1) Reporter Explores America's Unique Take on Justice 2) Growing Up In a Surfer Family, Wipeouts and All


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Question: Muslim Woman Sues OC Sheriff's Department Over Headscarf Removal

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Adolfo Guzman-Lopez: An observant Muslim woman alleges in a federal lawsuit filed today that Orange County Sheriff's deputies unlawfully forced her to remove her headscarf while she was in custody. KPCC's Adolfo Guzman-Lopez reports.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department's Search Of Reporters' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother's Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)


Question: Former U.S. Hostage in Iraq Heads Home

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American Thomas Hamill, who escaped from his Iraqi captors over the weekend, is on his way home by way of Germany, where he will be checked by doctors. After learning Hamill was safe, residents of Macon, Miss., began celebrating the U.S. civilian contract worker's escape. Melanie Peeples reports.

News Headlines: Sept. 17, 2007 ABC News: Charges Dropped for One of 'Jena Six' -- "It almost came down to the wire. Mychal Bell, 17, was scheduled to be sentenced next week for his conviction in the beating of a white high school schoolmate. But a Louisiana appeals court ruled that Bell, who was 16 when he committed the crime for which he was charged, should not have been tried an adult. The three-judge panel overturned the conviction." More: Sharpton Asks for Prosecutorial Misconduct Charge Plus: Listen to Today's Coverage on News & Notes More Headlines:The Washington Post: Tape Released of O.J. Simpson in Vegas AFP: Berlin Gets First Memorial Stone for African Victim of the Nazis The New York Times: Using Crayons to Exorcise Katrina AFP: Sen. Clinton Unveils Healthcare Plan AFP: Greenspan Memoir Links Iraq War to U.S. Thirst for Oil The AJC: In Atlanta, Assisted Living Facility Caters to Black Seniors GQ: Colin Powell on the Run-Up to War


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Question: Dealing With Trauma After A Mass Shooting — Over The Long Term

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Fresh waves of grief have hit the communities of Parkland, Fla., and Newtown, Conn., after recent news of more deaths. On Monday, the father of a girl who was killed in the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting died by apparent suicide, and last week, two students who survived the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting took their own lives. It's impossible to know the exact reason these people decided to take their lives, but their heartbreaking deaths have sparked conversation about how to support people after unthinkable tragedies, especially over the long term. It took Sherrie Lawson a long time to stop having daily panic attacks. Lawson, now 45, was inside the Washington Navy Yard when a gunman shot 12 people dead and injured three others on Sept. 16, 2013. She escaped by scaling an 8-foot brick wall. She knew three of the victims personally. "In the immediate aftermath of the shooting, I was in shock. I was confused," she told NPR's Scott Simon. "It took a lot of time to process what was going on. But after about a month or so, my symptoms actually became worse." She wasn't sleeping. She was having nightmares almost daily, as well as panic attacks. It was hard for her to focus. On normal visits to the grocery store, Lawson found herself constantly scanning her surroundings for possible danger and checking for escape exits. "Going into grocery stores was really difficult for me because I couldn't see over the rows of food," she said. This reminded her of building 197, where the Washington Navy Yard shooting took place, because building 197 was a cube farm. "It was just rows and rows of cubes and it was a maze," she said. The similarities were enough to trigger panic attacks for Lawson. She said she's had panic attacks the in the middle of the grocery store and in comparable environments like Target. "After probably the third month of experiencing this, I realized that I was not OK and that I needed some help. So I did seek out a doctor," she said. Once she got professional medical help, Lawson was officially diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder and severe anxiety. She also struggled with suicidal thoughts. "I felt like this was gonna be my life forever," she said. "I didn't see it getting better and I just I didn't want to live like that." Because of the level of stress she was experiencing, Lawson started to experience heart issues. About one year after the shooting, she suffered a mini-stroke because her right carotid artery burst spontaneously and she was hospitalized. The burst artery was attributed to her high stress levels. After that, Lawson decided to put her health first — she dropped out of work and school. At the time of the shooting, she was a doctoral candidate working on her dissertation. "I did have to come out of that program and pretty much drop all of the major responsibilities that I had had in my life at that point and focus solely on my health and just trying to get better," she said. Her doctor entered her into a PTSD trauma intensive program, which put her in numerous types of therapy almost every day from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., and gave her medication to help her function.  Now, more than five years after the shooting, Lawson no longer has daily panic attacks, and said she's in a much better place. She said that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy helped her manage her triggers. She has continued to go to various forms of therapy since the shooting.  "I don't want people to think that it's just kind of this bleak outcome that you're always you know going to be severely traumatized," she said. "You do get better." Still, it is hard for her to hear about new shootings. "They bring back the pain that you feel right after the experience that you've had and they can be also very triggering," she said. "When I do hear about recent shootings and tragedies a lot of times I will begin to have nightmares again. My anxiety ramps up." When she hears about the latest tragedies, Lawson makes sure to reach out for support. Often, she'll ask someone to go with her if she needs to go to the grocery store, or if she thinks she'll encounter any other triggers. She, however, said that after tragedies she tends to stay home a little more. One thing that helps Lawson, in addition to her therapy, is working with The Rebels Project, a volunteer community outreach non-profit founded by Columbine survivors that provides support to people after trauma. "Just hearing Columbine survivors talk about some things that they continue to struggle with in life was very validating for me and it helped me to feel less almost abnormal or like there was something just damaged or wrong with me because I was still struggling too," she said. It's important to seek help after a traumatic event, Lawson said. But she said that sometimes needing help is stigmatized. She said that some of her own friends and people in her support system didn't understand why s

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Question: Michael Oren - Power, Faith and Fantasy: History of the US in the Middle East

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Michael Oren's Power, Faith, and Fantasy explores the history of America's political, military, and intellectual involvement in the Middle East from George Washington to George W. Bush.

For well over two centuries, American statesmen, merchants, and missionaries, both men and women, have had a profound impact on the shaping of this crucial region. Drawing on government documents and personal letters, featuring original maps and over 60 photographs, this book reconstructs the diverse and remarkable ways in which Americans have interacted with this alluring yet often hostile land stretching from Morocco to Iran, from the Persian Gulf to the Bosporus. Covering over 230 years of history, Oren's latest is an indispensable work for anyone interested in understanding the roots of America's Middle East involvement today.

Oren is a Senior Fellow at the Shalem Center; a visiting professor at Harvard and Yale Universities; and the author of the best-selling Six Days of War. Oren lives in Jerusalem.

Visit us at www.wgbh.org/forum to explore our entire collection of lectures.

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On today's show we look into the Christian Zionist movement, made up of evangelical Christians who see the rebirth of Israel as a prelude to the second coming of Christ. Journalist Gershom Gorenberg is former associate editor and columnist for The Jerusalem Report.  He is the author of the book, The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount.  His new book is The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977


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Question: Music By William Grant Still

Music by William Grant Still from a "A Multicultural Celebration ofDiversity in Music," a conference that took place in June at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona: From a concert modelled after an old 1930s radio show, we'll hear Ronnie Wooten conduct the Centennial Celebration Orchestra in Still's Romance for Saxophone and Chamber Orchestra. The saxophone soloist is Wildy Zumwalt. (KBAQ Production Studios at Arizona State University)

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Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


Question: New Jobless Claims Rise

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New jobless claims went up last week by 32,000 over the week before, to 637,000. Apparently we can chalk that up to layoffs in the auto industry, especially at Chrysler. When the recession started, new weekly claims were in the neighborhood of 340,000. Today, if you're buying groceries with unemployment benefits, you've got company -- more than 6.5 million souls' worth. Meanwhile, from the Department of Obvious but So True, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that more people are giving up the search for new work, at least for a while.

Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: Hope Gives Way to Desolation in Desire

At Mardi Gras time a year and a half ago, Noah Adams reported on the St. Philip's Kids Cafe -- families gathering for a church cafeteria meal in the neighborhood that many New Orleanians call Desire. Last week, he returned to find a deserted, badly damaged church and desolate streets. The church and houses around it have been spray-painted by search-and-rescue crews looking for the living and the dead following Hurricane Katrina.  On a Mardi Gras visit in 2004, the church was full of energy and young people. The Kids Cafe -- with food from America's Second Harvest and cooked by students at nearby Dillard University -- was designed to bring families together each Thursday evening. In a neighborhood of need such as Desire, many coming to the Kids Cafe were hungry.   But pride and pride and hope were in evidence. The Desire housing project had been replaced by family homes.  People felt the worst of the drug days were past. Now the neighborhood is virtually desolate, and there are few signs that residents plan to return.      ROBERT SIEGEL, host:       As Mexico feels the brunt of Hurricane Wilma and as residents of Florida      prepare for her, we're going to take a trip back to a neighborhood in New      Orleans.  The St. Philip's Kids Cafe is in the city's Upper Ninth Ward.      NPR's Noah Adams visited it a year and a half ago at Mardi Gras time and      long before Katrina.  He found families gathering for a church cafeteria      meal in the neighborhood that many call Desire.  Well, last week, Noah      returned to find a deserted, badly damaged church and desolate streets.       NOAH ADAMS reporting:       I drove into the neighborhood late Thursday and left the car in the      middle of the street, out in front of St. Philip's.  It was very quiet.      I saw no one. Deserted houses, collapsing piles of boards and bricks,      abandoned cars and trucks--in some yards, four or five of them had piled      up.       (Soundbite of footsteps in dried mud)       ADAMS:  All the pavement is covered with a thin, crackling layer of dried      mud, and the grass and the same mud is on the top of the cars.       (Soundbite of footsteps in dried mud)       ADAMS:  You can see the yellow streaked, horizontal water line on the      houses. If I had stood on someone's front step, as if to knock on the      door, the floodwaters would have been above my head.  The houses have the      spray-painted X's that the rescue people would use to leave messages,      dates, the units involved.  Black writing on the front of one white house      tells of a visit on October 4, something DOA, back right bedroom, keep      checking.       (Soundbite of leaves blowing in breeze)       ADAMS:  St. Philip's main sanctuary building seems OK.  But the      elementary school alongside is a wreck and the playground full of tree      limbs and trash, and you stand in the silence with this question:  What      do you think happened here?       One year and a few months ago, I opened the door to this school and felt      almost kicked by the happy energy of the young.       (Soundbite of busy activity in school)       ADAMS:  Food was about to be served at the Kids Cafe.  Oscar Scott(ph)      was the maitre d'.       Mr. OSCAR SCOTT:  All right.  Welcome today.  Guess you all see the Mardi      Gras decorations so what we decided to do is have a Mardi Gras      celebration. Our menu tonight is going to be Mardi Gras style, and we're      also going to crown our king and queen of Kids Cafe.       ADAMS:  The Kids Cafe, with food from America's Second Harvest and cooked      by students at nearby Dillard University, was designed to bring families      together at 5:00 on Thursday evening.  A sit-down meal, sometimes with      white tablecloths and candles.  The kids would invite their extended      families.  I talked then with Connie Anderson, a single, working mom with      three kids.       Ms. CONNIE ANDERSON:  It's good.  'Cause that mean on Thursday nights, I      don't have to cook.  I call my mama, my grandma, my sisters, my nieces,      my nephew.  We all eat at Kids Cafe on a Thursday.       ADAMS:  I asked for a restaurant review by Breshon Warner(ph), nine years      old.       BRESHON WARNER:  These people really inspire me, and I come here every      Thursday with my brothers and sisters and I think their food very good.       ADAMS:  Now that sounds like something that somebody told you to say.       WARNER:  No.  I thought it up myself.       ADAMS:  Voices from the Kids Cafe at St. Philip Church in the spring of      2004. At that time, I said this was a neighborhood of need.  Many coming      to the Kids Cafe were hungry, but there was pride and especially respect      for the older residents.  The Desire housing project had been replaced by      family homes. People felt the worst of the drug days were past.  Now, for      four or five blocks in all directions, I didn't even see one refrigerator      out at the street.  A ru

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of,  the two piano concertos composed by master of the keyboard Frederic Chopin.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Discovery Astronauts Inspect Shuttle For Damage

The six astronauts orbiting Earth on space shuttle Discovery are keeping busy during their mission's first full day in space. Friday, the astronauts spent around six hours conducting a heat shield inspection. A large piece of foam had fallen away from an external fuel tank after Thursday's launch, which appeared to then hit the shuttle's thermal tiles. But the incident occurred four minutes into the flight — a time, NASA analysts say, that presents far less danger than in the first moments after launch. The foam reportedly did no damage to the tiles. Via Twitter, NASA said, "We're rigorously inspecting it, but it occurred late in flight, after window of concern." From NPR's Nell Greenfieldboyce:  The astronauts started their day with a musical wake-up call from Houston — when Mission Control beamed up the song "Through Heaven's Eyes," from the soundtrack of the movie Prince of Egypt, to the shuttle. After breakfast, the crew got to work. They're using the shuttle's robotic arm and a set of sensors to do a thorough inspection of Discovery's heat shield. This has become a routine precaution for shuttle missions, to make sure that no damage occurred during launch.  On their 11-day mission, the astronauts are scheduled to conduct two spacewalks. And around mid-day Saturday (2:19 p.m. ET), Discovery will dock with the International Space Station, bringing the orbiting facility some fresh supplies — and a new storage room. The weekend rendezvous will present a rare circumstance, says Greenfieldboyce: The space station will be hosting vehicles from all its sponsoring entities. The station already has craft from the space agencies of Europe, Japan and Russia docked to it. You can track the paths of both Discovery and the ISS at a site called — you guessed it: Real Time Satellite Tracking. On the map, the shuttle follows the orange-red line, while the space station follows the yellow one.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Rushdie Decries 'Mindset Of The Fanatic' That Sparks Anti-American Protests. -- White House Launching Trade Complaints Against China. -- Row Over Photos Of Topless Kate Lands In French Courts. -- It's A Panda! Cub Is Born At National Zoo. Other stories in the news: -- Chicago Teachers' Strike Continues; "Mayor To Seek Legal Remedy." (Chicago Tribune) -- "Japanese Firms Suspend Operations In China;" Moves By Panasonic, Canon And Sony Follow Anti-Japan Protests." (ZDNet) -- "A Look Back At The Rise And Fall Of Occupy." (The Associated Press) -- "AT&T Says Latest iPhone Sets New Sales Record." (The Wall Street Journal) -- Space Shuttle Endeavour's Flight Delayed, "But Arrival In L.A. Remains On Schedule." (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Smart Phone, Smart Houses

The idea of a "smart home" has been around for decades. Just ask Microsoft which, since 1994, has had a laboratory home in which lights and appliances are controlled remotely through smartphones. The ideas have never quite made it into the mainstream, though. But right by the U.S. Capitol, 20 universities have sprung up small-scale homes they hope might be used in the near future. It's for the 2009 Solar Decathlon, in which teams compete for the most energy-efficient homes. Three of the competing teams have integrated home control panels and smartphone capabilities to help them achieve those goals Microsoft has been hawking for decades. Joe Wheeler, faculty advisor to the Virginia Tech "Lumenhaus" design team, recruited students from VT's computer science department to develop an app that displays how much energy is being used. The approach with the app, Wheeler says, is part of "envisioning the future" and what Wheeler calls "responsive architecture." When the public tours the house during the next three weeks, student team leader Corey McCalla will demonstrate how the app shows energy levels of the house. From the iPhone, the user can turn off lights to reduce energy usage. The same goes for water use. Press the water gauge button to view average daily, weekly and monthly water use. The apps can also perform other basic controls in the house, such as rotating walls, if you want to make more living room space for your guests, turn up the music, or open windows for cross-ventilation. Several of the teams' apps display wind direction and current temperatures — a digital weather vane of sorts. Read More >> Team California said they wanted to use the iPhone for practical purposes, as a way to make their house more accessible to people who already use smart phones. And they designed it with ease of use in mind. Allison Kopf, a student project manager for Team California, said they created the iPhone app because "nearly everyone now has, or will have a smart phone." Using the app on their home, you can adjust and monitor lighting, water consumption, windows, shades, entertainment and the HVAC system. Ohio State doesn't actually have a phone-specific app. Rather, the control panel interface is compatible with any smartphone. Homeowners of OSU's model will be able to view a 3-D rendering of the house on their smartphone to pinpoint which parts of the house they want to control. The students say creating an app — or at least making it viewable on a phone — puts the homeowner in control. And they hope the easy accessibility helps homeowners improve energy usage habits if they can view statistics from their smart phones. But why hasn't there already been a mass-market app for at least turning on and off the air conditioning in a home? For setting our lights on a timer while on vacation? Why wait for a smart house to get a smart app? Microsoft has been testing this for some time, but research from the Connected Home Market Study found that "mass market consumers have almost no interest in using 'technology' for home 'automation' or 'control.'" VT's Wheeler says he thinks home automation technology is late to the market, because the public is intimidated by it. "I say, what about your sunroof? That's powered by a motor," Wheeler says. "You're not afraid of that. People have grown accustomed to sunroofs. They'll get accustomed to this, too." That, and there's the issue that older homes aren't hardwired with the technology to run off an iPhone app. But the young "decathletes" are hoping the exponential increase in smart phones will help homeowners engage in their households in a way never done before. The accessibility doesn't come cheap, but it's affordable. The homes have internal control panels, and OSU student Lucas Dixon said making the system viewable on a smart phone doesn't cost a whole lot more. Dixon estimated OSU's control system at around $10,000 to install in a home that will cost around $260,000 on the market.

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Stories: 1) Is Wall Street At Fault For Mortgage Meltdown? 2) Economy's Woes Mean Housing Crisis For Pets, Too


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Question: Thiel on Bennett's Tough Talk

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Sonics owner Clay Bennett said this week that he's losing hope for a new arena that would keep the Sonics and Storm in the Seattle area.  Seattle P-I sports columnist Art Thiel joined KPLU's Kirsten Kendrick by phone to talk about the latest salvo in this ongoing saga, and why he feels the bigger problem lies with the N-B-A itself.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Sleep Tight, G7; Brenough Already; Crabby Ending.


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Question: Excerpt: Sorcerer To The Crown

***This excerpt is from an advance uncorrected proof*** Copyright © 2015 Zen Cho  The meeting of the Royal Society of Unnatural Philosophers was well under way, and the entrance hall was almost empty. Only the occasional tardy magician passed through, scarcely sparing a glance for the child waiting there. Boy children of his type were not an uncommon sight in the Society's rooms. The child was unusual less for his complexion than for his apparent idleness. Unlike the Society's splendidly liveried pages, he was soberly dressed, and he was young for a page boy, having just attained his sixth summer. In fact, Zacharias held no particular employment, and he had never seen the Society before that morning, when he had been conducted there by the Sorcerer Royal himself. Sir Stephen had adjured him to wait, then vanished into the mysterious depths of the Great Hall. Zacharias was awed by the stately building, with its sombre wood-panelled walls and imposing paintings, and he was a little frightened of the grave thaumaturges hurrying past in their midnight blue coats. Most of all he was rendered solemn by the seriousness of his task. He sat, swollen with purpose, gazing at the doors to the Great Hall, as though by an effort of will he might compel them to open and disgorge his guardian. Finally, the moment came: the doors opened, and Sir Stephen beckoned to him. Zacharias entered the Great Hall under the penetrating gaze of what seemed to be a thousand gentlemen, most of them old, and none friendly. Sir Stephen was the only person he knew, for one could not count Sir Stephen's familiar Leofric, who slept curled in reptilian coils at the back of the room, smoke rising from his snout. The thickest-skinned child might have been cowed by such an assembly, and Zacharias was sensitive. But Sir Stephen put a reassuring hand on his back, and Zacharias remembered the morning, so long ago now—home, safety, warmth, and Lady Wythe's face bending over him: "Never be afraid, Zacharias, but do your best. That will be quite enough, for you have been taught by the finest sorcerer in the realm. If the attention of so many gentlemen should make you nervous, simply pretend to yourself that they are so many heads of cabbages. That always assists me on such occasions." Zacharias was pretending as hard as he could as he was propelled to the front of the room, but the cabbages did not seem to help. To be sure, Lady Wythe had never been called upon to prove the magical capacities of her race before the finest thaumaturgical minds in England. It was a grave responsibility, and one anyone would find daunting, thought Zacharias, even if he were a great boy of six. "What do you wish to bring alive, Zacharias?" said Sir Stephen. He gestured at a small wooden box on a table. "In the course of his travels Mr. Midsomer acquired this box, carved with birds and fruit and outlandish animals. You may have your pick." Zacharias had rehearsed the enchantment he was to perform many times under Sir Stephen's patient tutelage. The night before, he had fallen asleep reciting the formula to himself. Yet now, as he was surrounded by a crowd of strange faces, oppressed by the consciousness of being the focus of their attention, memory deserted him. His terrified gaze swung from Sir Stephen's kind face, skipped over the audience, and roamed over the Great Hall, as if he might find the words of the spell waiting for him in some dusty corner. It was the oldest room in the Society, and boasted several interesting features, chief of which were the ancient carved bosses on the ceiling. These represented lambs, lions and unicorns; faces of long-dead sorcerers; and Green Men with sour expressions and vines sprouting from their nostrils. At any other time they would have captivated Zacharias, but right now they could give him no pleasure. "I have forgotten the spell," he whispered. "What is that?" said Sir Stephen. He had been speaking in clear ringing tones before, addressing his audience, but now he lowered his voice and leaned closer. "No helping the boy, if you please," cried a voice. "That will prove nothing of what you promised." The audience had been growing restless with Zacharias's stupefaction. Other voices followed the first, hectoring, displeased: "Is the child an idiot?" "A poll parrot would offer better amusement." "Can you conceive anything more absurd?" said a thaumaturge to a friend, in a carrying whisper. "He might as well seek to persuade us that a pig can fly—or a woman do magic!" The friend observed that so could pigs fly, if one could be troubled to make them. "Oh certainly!" replied the first. "And one could teach a woman to do magic, I suppose, but what earthly good would a flying pig or a magical female be to anyone?" "This is a great gift to the press," cried a gentleman with red whiskers and a supercilious expression. "What fine material we have furnished today for the caricaturists—a meeting of the first magicians of our age, summoned to

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Remodeling The House; A Story That Fell From The Sky; and A Pint-Sized Literary Giant Emerges.


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Examples:
Provided: ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Christmas Lights Make Slippers In Global 'Junkyard' Economy"] Match: ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'The Chinese town of Shijiao is known for recycling discarded Christmas tree lights for their copper and wire insulation, which are then used to support growing economies and make slipper soles, respectively. In Junkyard Planet, Adam Minter explores the business of recycling what developed nations throw away.'] Hard Negative: ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Stories: 1) Overloaded Sewers Lead To 'Toxic Waters' 2) A Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Revisited"]

Question: Evangelicals Fight Over Therapy To 'Cure' Gays

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Supporters call it "conversion therapy." Critics call it "praying away the gay." Whatever name you use, it's creating a ruckus in Christian circles about whether a person can change his or her sexual orientation. And now the largest "ex-gay ministry" is rejecting the approach. John Smid was 25 when he came out as gay. Three years later, he found religion — specifically, evangelical Christianity. He says the message was clear: You can't be a Christian and engage in homosexual behavior. So he joined Exodus International, the largest ministry that tried to "cure" people of same-sex attractions. "I followed everything they told me to follow," Smid says. "I became one of the best ex-gays anyone could become." Smid married and eventually became the executive director of Love in Action, another ex-gay ministry. For years, Smid underwent conversion or reparative therapy, in which he analyzed his childhood wounds and learned to forgive, heal and move on. "That was a good thing for me to do," he says. "But it was taught that those kinds of things would heal the roots of the homosexuality, that it would change the homosexuality." But, Smid says, nothing worked. "I found after 24 years that the changes that I had hoped for, or that I had prayed for, actually never occurred," he says. In 2008, Smid left Love in Action and came out again. He's still married, but says each day is a struggle for him and his wife. New Studies Find No Quick Fixes Warren Throckmorton, a psychologist and professor at the evangelical Grove City College, has heard this before. He recently surveyed 239 men in "mixed-orientation marriages," in which the husband is attracted to other men and the wife is heterosexual. About half the men had been through some conversion therapy. Over the course of their marriage, the men's "attractions to the same sex ... increased" and "the attractions to their spouse decreased," according to Throckmorton. Another study by Mark Yarhouse, a researcher at Regent University — which was founded by Pat Robertson — came to the same conclusion. Throckmorton says the research by evangelical and secular scientists puts ex-gay ministries and conversion therapy on the defensive. "They're not finding support within the professional community. That's for certain," he says. "And they're losing support within the evangelical community." Earlier this year, Alan Chambers, the president of Exodus International, addressed the Gay Christian Network, which was notable because many in the network are more open to gay relationships. Chambers said that "99.9 percent" of the people he had met through Exodus International either had not changed their sexual attraction or still struggled with temptation. He got a laugh when he told the gathering that there are no quick fixes, "no hocus pocus, no magic wands, no '1-2-3, now be free, go be straight, date and mate!' " Last month, Exodus International made it official: It would no longer associate with or promote therapy that focuses on changing sexual attraction. Robert Gagnon, an associate professor of New Testament at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, believes Exodus International's move is "extreme." He says he thinks conversion therapy sometimes works. "It's not going to work for everybody. It might not even work for most people," he says. "But it will work for some people, so we're happy with anything that helps." A Question Of Salvation But Chambers at Exodus International says conversion therapy does not help. Rather, it damages, because it makes people feel sinful for their natural inclinations. Worse, he says, the church can make people feel like outcasts. "I believe we've been hypocritical," he says. "I believe that we have looked at the issue of same-sex attraction differently than we look at anything else." Chambers compares same-sex attraction to adultery or pride. But Gagnon says homosexual behavior is worse according to the Bible. "Homosexual practice is regarded by the writers of Scripture as a particularly severe sexual offense that's on the order of say, incest with one's parents," Gagnon says. Chambers also believes that homosexual acts are a sin because the Bible calls for heterosexual marriage. He says gay Christians must either be celibate, or if they want to marry, it must be with someone of the opposite sex. But he says even if you are in a gay relationship, you can still be a good Christian. "I believe that once someone knows Christ that they have an irrevocable relationship, that if someone has a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ, that God's bigger than removing something at the first sign of trouble," Chambers says, referring to salvation. But Gagnon and other conservative Christians say groups like Exodus International are moderating core biblical beliefs — and giving people false comfort about salvation. "The problem is, you can't assure people that are engaged in serial, unrepentant sin of an egregious sort that they're going to be in heaven," Gagnon says. Yet, increa

Stories: 1) Turning 'Unfriendly Fire' On U.S. Military's Gay Ban 2) Alex Nicholson: Talking About 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'


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Question: Fireworks Factory Near Mexico City Is Torn Apart By A Deadly Explosion

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For instance, <<['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Most of us had never heard the term "derecho" until Friday, when we learned that\'s what meteorologists call the kind of massive storm that swept through the Midwest and blitzed the Eastern Seaboard, killing at least 20 people and leaving a 700-mile swath of destruction and downed power lines in its wake. That got us thinking about other unusual or poorly understood weather phenomena that are lurking out there to catch us by surprise. So we put together a quick primer (and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has a few other examples here). Derecho: We\'ll start with the weather word of the moment. Pronounced deh-RAY-cho, it\'s a large-scale, fast-moving and long-lived storm system that produces powerful "straight line" winds that can cause considerable damage. The popular nickname is "land hurricane," because winds can be as strong as in a Category 1 hurricane — 74 miles an hour or higher. Derechos typically occur in the summer months and are spawned by high temperatures, such as the prolonged heat wave that has blanketed much of the United States in recent days. Here\'s how Jeff Masters, director of meteorology for the weather website Wunderground.com, described Friday\'s derecho: "We had over 30 thunderstorms with wind gusts of 80 miles per hour. ... It\'s kind of the equivalent to having 30-plus weak tornadoes on the ground." Derecho, by the way, is the Spanish word for "straight." Microbursts (aka downbursts): These are sudden, localized columns of air that "fall to the ground almost like a physical object," says Greg Carbin, a meteorologist at NOAA\'s Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Okla. There are two main types of microbursts — wet and dry. As the names imply, wet microbursts are accompanied by moderate to heavy rainfall. They tend to occur in the Southeast. Dry microbursts are found primarily in the West and Midwest, and produce little or no rain. A dramatic example of what can happen when a microburst hits can be seen in this video of a stage collapse at the Indiana State Fair in Indianapolis last year. Seven people died and dozens were injured. Another microburst caused the August 1985 crash of Delta Flight 191 at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. The plane went down suddenly on its approach, killing 137 people. Microbursts "have been particularly dangerous for aviation," Carbin says, "and there have been numerous incidents and crashes due to them." Haboob: A downburst in a desert region that picks up loose sand, driving it forward. A 100-mile-wide haboob swept through Phoenix a year ago, knocking out power to at least 10,000 people and generally creating a huge mess. "The dust gets into everything," says Fred Gadomski, a meteorologist at Penn State University. "It gets into electronics; it gets into every nook and cranny." There were even concerns after the Arizona haboob last year that a fungus contained in dirt that causes Valley Fever would be spread by the dust storm. Heat burst: "Suppose you\'ve had a warm summer day," Gadomski says, "and then in the middle of the night, the temperature rises dramatically, say from 80 to 100 in a matter of minutes." That\'s called a heat burst. The quick rise in temperature is accompanied by a similarly sudden decrease in moisture, as well as short-lived, high-velocity winds. Wichita, Kan., experienced an overnight heat burst in June 2011 that caused a 17-degree spike in temperatures, which hit 102 degrees — at just after midnight. Meteorologists said it was caused by collapsing thunderstorms that spawned wind gusts of 50 to 60 mph. "Most summers, somewhere in the middle of the United States, some sort of heat burst will occur," Gadomski says. Chinook winds: These strong, heated "snow eating" winds occur exclusively in the North American Rocky Mountains and — like heat bursts — can produce dramatic rises in temperature. Chinook winds can quickly melt snow on mountain slopes. Chinooks occur when an air mass descends a mountain face, causing the air to be compressed, and that heats it up. NOAA\'s Carbin explains that the heating because of compression is the same thing that happens when you fill up a car tire. "The valve gets warm because the air is being compressed," he says. One of the most dramatic temperature jumps ever was recorded at Spearfish, S.D., in January 1943. Thanks to a chinook, the town went from -4 degrees to 45 degrees in just two minutes.']>>  to "['Represent text', 'The Inside Scoop On 5 Kinds Of Crazy Weather']"

A video of the blast that rocked the open-air San Pablito market on the northern outskirts of Mexico's capital city showed fireworks shooting in every direction and smoke billowing into the sky.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: No Peace:Bomb Rips Apart Bus in Tel Aviv; Israel Continues Strikes In Gaza.  India Executes Mumbai Attack Gunman.  And here are more headlines: Busiest Travel Day Of The Year: Weather, Strikes Make Headaches For Thanksgiving Air Passengers. (ABC) Severe Weather Pummels Northwest, Drenches Seattle Area. (Los Angeles Times) Congolese Rebels Solidify Control Of Eastern Provincial Capital, As Civil War Fear Grows. (CBC) Egyptian Protesters Firebomb Al Jazeera Office In Cairo, Attack Police Station. (AP) Investigators Removed From Ireland Panel Examining Death Of Ailing Woman Whose Abortion Request Was Rejected. (Irish Times) Fiery, Deadly Indiana Home Explosion Now A Homicide Investigation. (AP) Mediated Talks Fail Between Hostess, Union - Hostess To Liquidate Assets. (Bloomberg) Volcano Filmed In 'Lord Of The Rings' As 'Mordor' Begins To Erupt. (Phys.Org)


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Question: Tori Amos Album Goes Cross-Country

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Tori Amos' new album describes a journey across America after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. The story is told through the eyes of a character named Scarlet, who encounters various personalities along the route. NPR's Elizabeth Blair profiles the singer-songwriter.

Stories: 1) Bill Flanagan, Fondly Biting the TV-Network Hand 2) Devouring TV's Hits, Whole Seasons at a Time 3) Teddy Thompson, Talking Up 'Down Low'


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Question: East Timor Developments

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Host Bob Edwards talks with NPR's Eric Weiner about the latest development in East Timor. Today, lawmakers in Indonesia will debate whether to ratify East Timor's vote for independence. They will also decide if they should endorse or condemn the President B.J. Habibie's 16-month record.

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.