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Question: Bush Meets With Powell

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NPR Diplomatic Correspondent Michele Kelemen reports that President Bush promises to remain engaged in the search for Mideast peace. He spoke after meeting with Secretary of State Colin Powell, who reported to the President on his recent Mideast trip.

Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: Jim McKay: Gentleman Sportscaster

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"Jim McKay was the gentleman sportscaster," says the Bryant Park Project's Bill Wolff, of the legendary sports commentator who died over the weekend at the age of 86. "He made whatever event he covered a big event. It was a big deal because he was doing it." "He was to sports what Walter Cronkite was to news," says Wolff. In fact, in 1972, McKay was the anchorman who reported the kidnapping and killing of 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics. "He was the man who communicated to the world," says Wolff. "It was a landmark in broadcasting." In his weekly weekend sports roundup, Wolff also discussed the last place finish of Big Brown, the horse favored to win the Belmont Stakes, which would have made him the first horse in three decades to win the Triple Crown. There were reports, Wolff said, that the horse was made nervous by photographers and crowds at Belmont.  But the one thing that many people just don't realize, he said, is simply that "it's hard to win the Triple Crown." It's hard for humans — and horses —  to perform at their peak three for three consecutives events. While it surprised many that Big Brown came in last, Wolff said that it was clear the jockey didn't want to push the horse when it became obvious that he wasn't going to win. "The jockey wasn't going to risk the horse's health to come in fifth." (Soundbite of TV show "Wide World of Sports")  Mr. JIM MCKAY (Former Anchor, "Wide World of Sports"): Spanning the globe to bring you the constant variety of sports, the thrill of victory, and the agony of defeat.  RACHEL MARTIN, host:  The iconic words of a legendary sportscaster, Jim McKay, former anchor of ABC's "Wide World of Sports," passed away Saturday of natural causes at his farm in Maryland. He was 86 years old. There was other sports news over the weekend. A legend in the making just couldn't make it into the history books Saturday. Big Brown, the superstar stallion with crip (ph) - Triple Crown dreams, came in last place at the Belmont Stakes. Here again for the Monday-morning sports breakdown, to talk about this and other stories, is BPP sports analyst and former ESPN producer, Bill Wolff. Hey, Bill.  BILL WOLFF: Hey, Rachel.  (Soundbite of laughter)  WOLFF: How are you? You could do an entire show on the sports this morning.  MARTIN: Really?  WOLFF: It was an unbelievable sports weekend.  MARTIN: There was a lot going on, tennis, too. There's so much. I want to start with Jim McKay, though.  WOLFF: Yeah.  MARTIN: As someone yourself who has made a living in that way, and has, you know, been part of that world for awhile, what were your reflections on his passing?  WOLFF: One night - I'm going to risk being corny.  MARTIN: That's OK. I'm corny (unintelligible).  WOLFF: His kind will never come again. Jim McKay was the gentleman sportscaster. Jim McKay didn't - Jim McKay made whatever event he was broadcasting a big event. The fact that Jim McKay was there, whether it was barrel jumping on speed skates, or Acapulco cliff diving, or whatever other little sport - little niche sport he chose to cover was on, it was a big deal, because Jim McKay was doing it.   He also always appeared, and was always reputed to be an unbelievably nice and sincere guy, and that came through. You always knew - you felt as if Jim McKay was a good guy, and there's something about authenticity in broadcasting, where if the person appears to be authentic, an audience will love that person.   If a person appears to be phony, the audience will reject that person. Jim McKay was - seemed to be an authentically, interested guy and an authentically nice guy, and so I thought it was - I mean, I'm - I was glad that he lived a long life, and got to do a lot of great things. I was sad that he was gone, because it made me feel old. Because for guys my age, you know, Jim McKay was to sports what Walter Cronkite was to news.  MARTIN: And he had his finger in news, too. He won an Emmy, right? For his coverage of the terrorist killings of those Israeli athletes.  WOLFF: Well, he was the anchor man of the 1972 Olympics in Munich, when terrorists killed Israeli athletes, and he was the man who communicated to the world. There was no Internet. There was no satellite radio. None of it and so, who broke the news to the world? Jim McKay, and he did so again with auth - he wasn't modeling.   He was sincerely devastated and yet kept himself together, and communicated the news in a sensitive way. And it was a landmark moment, a landmark moment in broadcasting, and not to mention sports broadcasting. And the other thing I'd say is, I don't think he wrote it, but he said it. "The thrill of victory and the agony of defeat," if you step back, maybe the greatest thing ever written.   (Soundbite if laughter)  WOLFF: I mean, what - "the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat," what else do you want to say about sports? That's it. And again, I'm not sure that Jim McKay wrote it in fact. I'm pretty sure he didn't, but he said it, and the

Stories: 1) Showdown On The Green: When Tiger Met Rocco 2) The Journeyman Golfer Who Took On Tiger 3) Cannes film festival


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Question: U.S. Men Waltz To Gold In Basketball

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After several close games along the way, the U.S. men's basketball team was all business on Sunday as they routed Serbia, 96-66, in the gold medal game that brought down the curtain on the competition in the Rio games. Kevin Durant led the way, hitting three-point bombs, driving for dunks, handing out assists and making steals on defense. After a close first quarter, which ended with the U.S. up 19-15, the Americans blew the game open in the second frame. Durant had 24 points by the half and the U.S. had a 23-point lead, 52-29. The Americans extended their lead in the third quarter and were up by as many as 41 in the fourth. Durant finished with 30 and DeMarcus Cousins added 13 in a balanced U.S. attack. This was a radically different game from the earlier U.S.-Serbia encounter in group play, where the Serbs missed a three pointer at the buzzer that would have sent the game into overtime. Instead, they lost 94-91. The Americans also had tough, close games against Australia, Spain and France, and often looked vulnerable, particularly on defense. This was the third straight Olympic gold for the American men, with all three teams coached by Mike Krzyzewski. The Duke coach was brought in to provide continuity after the 2004 Athens games, where the Americans lost to Argentina in the semifinal round and had to settle for a bronze. Carmelo Anthony, who was on that 2004 team and the three squads since, became the first male basketball player to win three gold medals at the Olympics.

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It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: They're Undocumented And Want To Join The U.S. Army Before It's Too Late

Several hundred undocumented immigrants who were brought to this country illegally all share a goal: they want to join the U.S. Army. Now, two programs that put them on that path are in danger of being killed by the Trump administration. Two young men tell NPR they are hoping to get to basic training before it's too late.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Trump Meets 3 Americans Held In North Korea As They Return To U.S. -- Scientists Warn That Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano Could Erupt 'Ballistic Rocks'. -- Dam Collapse Leaves At Least 20 Dead In Kenya. -- In Election Upset, Malaysia's Mahathir Returns To Power After A Quarter Century. -- 'I Look Forward' To Ending My Life, 104-Year-Old Assisted Suicide Advocate Says. And here are more early headlines: White House Holding Summit On Artificial Intelligence. (Los Angeles Times) Ford Suspends F-150 Truck Production After Fire. (Detroit Free Press) Deadly New Storm Strikes Northern India. (Times Of India) 200th Anniversary Of Paul Revere's Death Observed. (Boston Globe) Mexican State Allows Nicknames Such As 'Big Moustache' On Ballot. (AP)


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Question: Britain Bans Flights to Kenya over Al Qaeda Fears

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Britain suspends all British commercial flights to and from Kenya after a suspected senior al Qaeda member was spotted in neighboring Somalia. Kenyan authorities say the British move is "extreme." Matthew Exell reports.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lawmakers Seek Federal 'Oversight' Of Workers' Comp As States Limit Benefits. -- Syria's Assad Visits Moscow To Discuss Military Plans With Putin. -- U.S. Fighter Jet Reportedly Crashes Near Air Base In England. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Visit West Virginia, Discuss Plan To Fight Drug Abuse. (Time) Amnesty International Fears For Rohingya Muslims Missing At Sea. (VOA) Slovenia Asks For E.U. Help To Deal With Thousands Of Migrants. (AFP) Mexico To Restart Investigation Into Fate Of 43 Missing Students. (BBC) Tropical Storm Patricia Forms Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (NHC) Top U.S. Navy Officials Visit China's Aircraft Carrier To Smooth Ties. (Reuters) Singapore Church Leaders Convicted In Pop Music Fraud Scheme. (Sydney Morning Herald) Why Vultures Can Eat Rotting Carcasses And Not Get Sick. (Phys.org)


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Question: The Nation: Can US-Iran Talks Succeed?

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The US-Iran talks start Thursday in Geneva and, while a lot of other countries will be there too — the UK, France, Russia, China, and Germany are all part of the so-called P5 + 1 — it's really the United States and Iran who will have to make a deal. Even the latest flareup over the secret Iranian enrichment facility doesn't change the basic fact: that Washington and Tehran, after three decades without diplomatic relations, will be talking. It's a startling and important reversal of US policy, as promised by candidate Barack Obama in 2008, abandoning the charged rhetoric of the Bush administration, which lumped Iran incongruously into the Axis of Evil in 2002 and looked aghast at the idea of negotiating with Iran.  Robert Gates, the secretary of defense, did his part yesterday to lower the temperature of the rhetoric by stating explicitly that the US does not have a military option to deal with Iran's nuclear program. He didn't exactly take the military option "off the table," as the unfortunate phrase goes, but he did say:  "The reality is, there is no military option that does nothing more than buy time. The only way you end up not having a nuclear-capable Iran is for the Iranian government to decide that their security is diminished by having those weapons, as opposed to strengthened." Gates, of course, has long been opposed to a military strike on Iran, and a few years ago he co-chaired a Council on Foreign Relations task force on Iran that opposed the military option and called for US engagement with Iran in pursuit of a comprehensive accord. (Incidentally, if you want to read a lengthy account of why a military strike on Iran, by Israel or the United States, would be so difficult, read CSIS' Anthony Cordesman's "The Iran Attack Plan," published Friday in the Wall Street Journal.) However, like the rest of the Obama administration's top officials, including the increasingly hawkish secretary of state, Gates did emphasize that the alternative if Iran doesn't deal is a toughened regime of economic sanctions. "There obviously is the opportunity for severe additional sanctions. I think we have the time to make that work," he said.  The reality is, of course, that it's highly unlikely that truly tough sanctions will get the support of the Russians and Chinese, and so the UN Security Council is likely to pass far more milder sanctions than the "crippling" ones, such as a cutoff of Iran's gasoline supply or a shutdown of Iran's access to international finance, that Hillary Clinton wants. The more likely result, if the talks don't go anywhere by the end of the year — and it's almost impossible to imagine some breakthrough by then — is that the UNSC might agree to far more mild, targeted sanctions that focus on Iran's nuclear program itself. But sanctions are the "sticks" in the US arsenal, and it's unclear what the "carrots" are — or whether the US intends to offer the key "carrot," i.e., international acceptance of Iran's inherent right to enrich uranium. (Iranians, by the way, hate the carrot-and-stick talk, and they consider it insulting and demeaning, as if Iran were a donkey.)  Howard Berman, the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and a close ally of AIPAC, has introduced legislation in support of Clinton's "crippling sanctions." Writing in the Washington Post, Berman warns that his bill targets both Iran's gasoline imports and its financial dealings:  "[It] provides President Obama with a mandate to increase the level of financial penalties against Iran and would prevent companies that facilitate the provision of gasoline and other refined petroleum products to Iran from doing business in the United States. Much of the world's trade is conducted through international financial transactions in dollars that must be cleared through American banks. So if the United States were to prevent any bank doing business with Iranian banks from clearing dollar transactions, the Iranian banking system would collapse. And because Iran has to import 25 percent or more of its daily demand for refined petroleum, its economy would be seriously impaired if it were denied those imports. Indeed, a credible threat of both these sanctions might provide the best chance to persuade the Iranian regime to agree to suspend its nuclear enrichment." Tough, yes, but as Berman points out, the bill only provides Obama with a "mandate" to impose those draconian measures. It doesn't force him to do so. And so far, Berman, in spite of pressure from AIPAC, has refused to push his bill through Congress all year. And he isn't thrilled about the idea of doing anything that might disrupt the president's ongoing diplomatic effort. It's an enabling measure only, although its passage by Congress would hurt, not help, by inflaming passions on both sides and providing Iranian hawks with yet more leverage to sabotage the talks.  Speaking for the neoconservative alliance of hawks, Israeli hardliners, and outright kooks is Eliot Cohen, writin

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Attack On University In Pakistan Kills At Least 20. -- Fire At Dubai High-Rise Tower Is Blamed On Electrical Issue In Spotlight. And here are more early headlines: Coast Guard Suspends Search Off Hawaii For Missing Marines. (KHON-TV) Portland Demonstrators Tell Armed Group On Federal Land To Go Home. (KOPB) Global Selloff In Asian Markets Continues. (MarketWatch) Report: Kurd Militias Tearing Down Arab Homes In Iraq. (Amnesty International) ISIS Confirms Suspicion That "Jihadi John" Killed. (New York Times) U.S. Official Urges China To Show "Leadership" With North Korea. (Yonhap) Fairy Tales May Be Older Than Some Religions. (Discovery News) To Help Some Farmers, Coconut Trees Aren't Trees Anymore In Indian State. (AP)


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Question: NASA to Test 'Scramjet' Aircraft

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NASA plans to test an aircraft this weekend designed to fly seven times the speed of sound, using an innovative engine called a "scramjet." The test is part of an effort to develop missiles that can reach any target on Earth within two hours, and spacecraft that can transport people and cargo more cheaply. NPR's David Kestenbaum reports.

Stories: 1) Venter 'Decodes' Genome Project Controversy 2) Sitcom Takes Lighthearted Approach to 'Aliens'


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Question: 1. Billboard + Simon/Mitchell

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SCOTT SPEAKS WITH FORMER SENATE MAJORITY LEADER GEORGE MITCHELL, WHO HEADS AN INDEPENDENT COMMISSION ON NORTHERN IRELAND WHICH THIS WEEK RELEASED A SERIES OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNWINDING DECADES OF SECTARIAN VIOLENCE THERE.

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Arkansas Faces More Legal Roadblocks To Planned Executions

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Arkansas suffered more legal setbacks in its bid to execute prisoners this month. The state Supreme Court spared an inmate, and a judge ruled against the use of one of the drugs for lethal injection.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Tear Gas And Arrests: Ferguson Police And Protesters Face Off. -- Gaza Quiet After Israel, Hamas Reach Cease-Fire Extension. And here are more early headlines: Russian Truck Convoy Resumes Journey Toward Ukraine. (New York Times) U.N. Says 1 Million West Africans In "Hot Zone" Of Potential Ebola Transmission. (UN News Center) North Korea Launches 2 New Rockets As Pope Visits South Korea. (Yonhap) Veterans Affairs Significantly Boosts Private Medical Referrals For Vets. (AP) Mississippi To Appeal Ruling Overturning State Law Limiting Abortion. (Hattiesburg American) Baseball Owners To Choose New Commissioner Today. (Washington Post)


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Question: Who's Carl This Time

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Poli Sci lessons brought to you by TV Land; Dick Cheney once again regrets shooting that guy in the face; And the French really can be so rude sometimes...

In this edition of This, That, or the Other, contestants must decide: is it a Danielle Steel novel, a Talking Heads song, or a Wrestlemania tagline? Heard on Javier Muñoz & David Harbour: The World Turned Upside Down


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Question: U.S. Court Releases Obama Administration's 'Drone Memo'

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The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has released a long-secret memo in which the Obama administration lays out its legal reasoning for launching a drone attack on an American citizen overseas. The legal justification concerns the drone strike that killed Anwar al-Awlaki, a U.S. citizen who the United States claims was tied to plots against the U.S. and played a key role in al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula. NPR's Carrie Johnson reports the justification says al-Awlaki presented a continuing and imminent threat to the U.S. and his killing did not violate U.S. murder or conspiracy laws. As we've reported, al-Alwaki's father sued U.S. officials over his killing, but a federal judge dismissed the suit. The judge admitted that al-Awlaki had a "plausible" case over violations of his due process but as part of the judiciary she could not step into decisions about warmaking, national security and foreign relations. Back in March 2012, Attorney General Eric Holder gave an outline of the legal reasoning behind drone strikes against Americans. He said those Americans receive due process, which should not be equated with a judicial process. Today's release comes after the White House decided to let senators read the memo back in May, and it comes in response to a suit by The New York Times and the American Civil Liberties Union. The document is here and embedded below — you'll see some redactions. As we sift through it — it's very dense — we'll update this post. Update at 5:36 p.m. ET. Unanswered Questions:  NPR's Carrie Johnson does a nice job of wrapping up the issues at stake in her piece for All Things Considered: She talked to Jameel Jaffer, deputy legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union. Jaffer said there are still some major questions about the targeted killing program. For example, he said, how much evidence the U.S. uses to determine whether an American is a threat and how much effort the U.S. puts in trying to capture the suspect. "You have to make sure that you have a system in place that accounts for the possibility of abuse and I don't think we do," Jaffer said. "I think that this memo is a memo could very easily be used by future administrations in ways that none of us would want it to be used." Update at 3:00 p.m. ET. Defining The War Zone: Another issue the al-Awlaki case brought up was how you define a war zone. al-Awalaki was killed in Yemen, far from the war theater in Afghanistan. Citing Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, the memo says when it comes to the war on terror, geography is less important than nature of the combatants: In another section, addressing this same issue, Ryan Goodman, a professor of law at NYU, notes what could be a "limiting principle" as to when these types of strikes can occur: Update at 12:40 p.m. ET. What About The Fourth? The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. The memo makes a similar case about the Fourth Amendment that it does about the 14th Amendment. Basically, it argues, the U.S. can use lethal force if a suspect "poses a threat of serious physical harm." It compares this situation to a police officer using deadly force to stop a dangerous criminal from escaping. Here's the relevant excerpt: Update at 11:54 a.m. ET. What About Due Process? One interesting point the memo brings up is that because al-Alwaki was a U.S. citizen, he was entitled to protections of the U.S. Constitution, including due process. But, the memo argues, a previous Supreme Court opinion in Mathews v. Eldridge allows the government to weigh "the private interest that will be affected by the official action" and the "burdens the Government would face in providing greater process." David Barron, then the acting chief of the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel, concludes: Update at 11:48 a.m. ET. 'Gross Distortions Of The Law': Pardiss Kebriaei, an attorney for the Center for Constitutional Rights, which has challenged the killing of al-Alwaki, says the drone memo confirms "the government's drone killing program is built on gross distortions of law." "This forced transparency comes years late, long after the memo was drafted and used to justify the premeditated killing of a U.S. citizen without trial and far from any battlefield," Kebriaei goes on in a statement. Update at 11:46 a.m. ET. Based On War On Terror Authorization: Here's Reuters' interpretation of the memo:  "The memo, prepared by the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel, says that because the U.S. government considered al Awlaki to be an "operational leader" of an "enemy force," it would be legal for the CIA to attack him with a drone "as part of the United States' ongoing non-international armed conflict with al Qaeda," even though he was a U.S. citizen. "The memo also says the killing of al Awlaki by U.S. military forces would be legal under an authorization for the use of U.S. military force approved by Congress following the Sept. 11, 200

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Mali's First Ebola Case In Current Outbreak Is 2-Year-Old Girl. -- Man With Hatchet Shot Dead After Attacking NYPD Officers. -- Frank Mankiewicz, Aide Who Announced Robert Kennedy's Death, Dies. And here are more early headlines: E-U Leaders Set Targets For Greenhouse Gas Cuts. (New York Times) Lebanon Says It Won't Accept Any More Syrian Refugees. (Daily Star) Japan Warns Of Activity At Volcano Near Nuclear Plant. (Reuters) Navajo Nation Court Replaces Presidential Candidate; Election Delayed. (Farmington Daily Times) Federal Judge Dismisses Lawsuit Against IRS On Tax Exempt Status. (Politico) Lawmakers Call For National Recall Of Faulty Airbags. (USA Today) China Launches Probe To Moon, Will Return Next Week. (CNN)


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Question: The challenge of affordable housing

As the Metropolitan Council requires Twin Cities communities to build thousands of units of affordable housing, cities and residents raise concerns about sharing the burden and the opportunity.

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How the once fairly-stable business of public utilities is changing.


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Question: Corn Belt Farmland: The Newest Real Estate Bubble?

Howard Audsley has been driving through Missouri for the past 30 years to assess the value of farmland. Barreling down the flat roads of Saline County on a recent day, he stopped his truck at a 160-acre tract of newly tilled black land. The land sold in February for $10,700 per acre, double what it would have gone for five years ago. Heading out into the field, Audsley picked up a clod of the dirt that makes this pocket of land some of the priciest in the state. "This is a very loamy, very productive, but loamy soil," Audsley said. "A high-clay soil will just be like a rock and that's the difference between the ... soils. And the farmers know this and the investors know this. That's why they pay for it what they do." A Steep Surge In Prices It's not just the value of Missouri cropland that's rising. Corn Belt farmland prices from Iowa to Illinois and Nebraska to Kansas have been sky-high lately, boosted by $8-a-bushel corn. The high commodity prices have helped encourage investors like Steve Diggle, who have no connection to farming, to compete for their very own acreage in the Heartland. "We paid about $3.3 million for [about 650 acres] in Southeast Illinois in 2009," said Diggle, who is the CEO of Singapore-based Vulpes Investment Management. The company handles $250 million of investor money, about 15 percent of which is in farmland. "This year we sold it at auction and we got $5.1 million," he said, referring to the Illinois farmland. "That's 55 percent higher than we paid. Plus we got two yields — one of 3.5 percent and one of 5 percent. So, you know, as an investment, that's 63 percent over three years. [It] is great and we're extremely happy with it." Diggle says his firm also purchased a 1,400-acre tract in Illinois two years ago. The company plans to hold on to it to make money through cash rents and land appreciation. "The value of your land may go up or down. But as long as bond prices remain where they are, it's very hard to see how we'll have a sustained bear market for agriculture," Diggle said. By comparison, he said, the extremely low returns in the bond market are "just so inferior." A Safer Investment You don't have to be a billionaire to invest in farmland. Physics professor Andy Trupin, who lives in Delray Beach, Fla., bought a 155-acre tract of farmland in Lebo, Kan., two years ago because it looked like it would make him more money than gold or the stock market. He also owns another tract that's primarily pastureland. "Farmland seemed like a much safer vehicle to get an income stream even though ... it's not a high-income stream. At least it's more than you would get on Treasuries at any duration," Trupin said. "And at the same time, [farmland offers] price appreciation or to at least [holds] its value in the event of an inflation period." The investment has paid off so far, Trupin said. He rented out the land to a local farmer who grows corn, soybeans and wheat. Even the brutal drought failed to knock down the investment. "Amazingly we managed to get 20 bushels to the acre of corn even though the place was as dry as Las Vegas last year," Trupin said. "I'm willing to let the income from this thing fluctuate. In bad years, it's a slight loss — maybe a couple of thousand on the year — and in good years, you gain up to $10,000 on it." Trupin found the land online and got help purchasing it by Realty Executives of Kansas City. The company says 90 percent of its new customers are investors like Trupin, and it holds seminars for investors that walk them through the process of evaluating and buying farmland and how to find local farmers to rent the land. "There's probably a higher percentage now of people who are strictly investors, stock market people, money-market-type investors, and ... they're buying all types of land," said Dale Hermreck, a broker for Realty Executives who says he sold $21 million worth of farmland in Kansas last year. "We have a lot of outside interest from Texas, Chicago, New York," Hermreck said. "I get calls and inquiries all over the United States." The Specter Of A Bubble But to University of Missouri agriculture economist Ron Plain all of this sounds a bit like the housing bubble burst of 2006. He is concerned a similar bubble could be happening in farmland. "You get several years going up faster than that long-term trend of 6 percent [annual increases] and you're then in a situation where you're sort of due for a correction," Plain said. "And the way you correct is pull those land values down — or 'pop the bubble' ... and so there's concern about that and it's kind of reasonable to worry." Plain said that with mortgage rates at their lowest in 60 years, it's reasonable to expect the cost of borrowing to go up eventually. And if crop prices retreat from record highs, he said, that means "less income per acre and therefore less ability to pay for farmland." Should a bubble burst, farmland might be harder to sell, especially compared with other more liquid investmen

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Stories: 1) Is Wall Street At Fault For Mortgage Meltdown? 2) Economy's Woes Mean Housing Crisis For Pets, Too


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Question: Here and Now for Tuesday, February 13, 2007

Congress begins debate on a non-binding resolution that would support the troops in Iraq but oppose sending more. We speak with Gail Chaddock of The Christian Science Monitor.

Virgin Galactic, the space era spin-off of Virgin Atlantic, plans to send tourists on sub-orbital flights within the next three years.

Iran's influence in the Middle East has grown in recent years. Is this due to Iran or the war in Iraq? Guest: Anthony Shadid, The Washington Post.

Mitt Romney goes to Michigan to announce he'll run for president. We look at Mitt Romney's Michigan ties with Nolan Finley of the Detroit News.

We look back on the short and remarkable life of Hanley Denning, who helped raise money to educate the children whose families made their livings picking through the trash.

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Jonathan Schell is the Doris Shaffer Fellow at The Nation Institute and teaches a course on the nuclear dilemma at Yale. He is the author of The Seventh Decade: The New Shape of Nuclear Danger. If the world has a heart, it beats now for Egypt. Not of course, the Egypt of President Hosni Mubarak — of the rigged elections, the censored press, the axed Internet, the black-clad security police and the tanks and the torture chambers — but the Egypt of the intrepid ordinary citizens who, almost entirely unarmed, with little more than their physical presence in the streets and their prayers, are defying this whole apparatus of intimidation and violence in the name of justice and freedom. Their courage and sacrifice give new life to the spirit of the nonviolent, democratic resistance to dictatorship symbolized by the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. That event in fact symbolized a longer wave of revolutions that, spreading like a brushfire, swept dozens of dictators out of power, from the Philippines in 1986 to Poland in 1989, through to the early twenty-first century. But that global contagion had seemed to be flagging recently. Now, dictators all over the world are on their guard again. In Saudi   Arabia, the monarchy is looking over its shoulder. Yemen is on notice. In China, the word "Egypt" has been censored from the Internet: the Egyptian autocrats removed the Internet from Egypt; the Chinese autocrats removed Egypt from the Internet. Egypt presents in full the unfathomed and perhaps unfathomable mystery of revolution. For decades, the structure of an oppressive state rises above society, murderous, imperturbable, implacable. The torture chambers are operating twenty-four hours a day. The nation\'s wealth flows to secret accounts abroad. The rich and privileged sit contented in their gated communities. "And the hapless Soldier\'s sigh/ Runs in blood down Palace walls" (Blake). Often the sovereign bows to a foreign paymaster. A fog of propaganda fills the air like poison gas. The Leader\'s portrait covers office buildings. Unaccountable bureaucracy tangles up the country in a thousand absurd regulations. Leonid Brezhnev snores in the Kremlin, his "dead hand" hovering over the nuclear button. Imelda Marcos communes with her three thousand pairs of shoes in her colossal shoe closet. Ben Ali sips cocktails in his resort in Hammamet. Nothing, it seems, will ever change, can ever change. In the words of Nadezhda Mandelstam regarding Stalin\'s rule, "There was a special form of the sickness — lethargy, plague, hypnotic trance or whatever one calls it, that affected all those who committed terrible deeds. All the murderers, provocateurs and informers had one feature in common: it never occurred to them that their victims might one day rise up again and speak." Only a few "dissident" voices break the calm, and most of them are in jail or in exile. But then suddenly a tremor runs through the whole edifice. A few thousand people come out in the street, then tens of thousands, then, appearing as if by magic, hundreds of thousands all around the country. And somehow this rebellion — breaking out in only a few days — can be enough. Its spirit touches a nerve in something like the whole nation, which awakes, and with amazing ease sheds the long-hated yet tolerated regime. (In nearby Tunisia, the fuse that set off the Egyptian bomb, it took only twenty-three days from the beginning of the uprising for Ben Ali to get on his plane to Saudi Arabia.) Suddenly, all the rules change, all the old relationships of command and subservience are reversed, and the structures of power begin to dissolve. Later, scholars will ferret out signs of what was to come and even find "causes" of the event, but the fact is that revolutions are the least anticipated of all events, taking the world again and again by surprise. Still, we know a few things about what happens at such moments. A people long overawed by state violence throws off fear and, in a flash, begins to act courageously. Courage becomes as contagious as the fear once was, and millions suddenly practice disobedience and defiance. At that moment, the dictator\'s writ runs no longer, and the plane to Saudi Arabia beckons. In Hannah Arendt\'s words, "The situation changes abruptly. Not only is the rebellion not put down but the arms themselves change hands — sometimes, as in the Hungarian revolution, within a few hours....The sudden dramatic breakdown of power that ushers in revolution reveals in a flash how civil obedience — to laws, to rulers, to institutions — is but the outward manifestation of support and consent." Egypt has clearly arrived at this moment. It\'s commonplace now to say that everything depends on whether or not the army will intervene. And that is certainly true in part. Very often the hour of death for a dictatorship is the hour when the military, caught up in the mood that is sweeping the rest of the country, refuses to follow orders or defects to the other side. That\'s ']" should be close to "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'The Nation: Why Egypt Is At Its Most Pivotal Moment']"

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: A Mile In Another?s Shoes

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When Elisa Della-Piana shows up at a firehouse door not looking her best, she experiences the scorn endured routinely by people living on the street

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Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What's The Word? How English Evolved This Decade


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Question: The 'Orchid' Vs. 'The Dandelion': The Science Of Sensitive Kids

Pediatrician Thomas Boyce has treated children who seem to be completely unflappable and unfazed by their surroundings — as well as those who are extremely sensitive to their environments. Over the years, he began to liken these two types of children to two very different flowers: dandelions and orchids. He talks about his research and gives advice on how to parent "orchid children." Boyce's book is 'The Orchid and the Dandelion: Why Some Children Struggle and How All Can Thrive.'

Also, book critic Maureen Corrigan reviews the true crime story 'Say Nothing'  by Patrick Radden Keefe, which takes place during the Troubles in Northern Ireland.

Stories: 1) The American Behind The 2008 Attack On Mumbai 2) Degas' Nudes Depict The Awkwardness Of Real Life


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Question: Friday News Roundup - Domestic

With guest host Celeste Headlee. The week started with a national debate about the fact that we were having a national debate about civility. Then, the Supreme Court took over the headlines. On Tuesday, the court voted 5-4 to uphold President Trump’s controversial travel ban. In its third version, the ban restricts entry from seven countries: Iran, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Yemen, Somalia and Venezuela. The court also ruled Tuesday in favor of crisis pregnancy centers, which often advise women against having abortions. Now, it’s illegal for the California government to require centers to disclose information about pregnancy termination options. Organized labor is facing major changes, too. The court ruled Wednesday that non-union members in specific states cannot be forced to pay fees to unions. And Justice Anthony Kennedy announced his retirement after 30 years. He notified President Trump of his retirement via letter:  For a member of the legal profession, it is the highest of honors to serve on this Court. Please permit me by this letter to express my profound gratitude for having had the privilege to seek in each case how best to know, interpret and defend the Constitution and the laws that must always conform to its mandates and promises.  Speculation began immediately about who President Trump might choose to fill the vacant seat, and how his decision could reshape the court for decades to come. In primary news, newcomer Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez defeated Representative Joseph Crowley in an upset victory for the Democratic bid in New York’s 14th Congressional District. The 28-year-old is expected to beat Anthony Pappas in the midterms, which would make her the youngest woman ever elected to Congress.  On Wednesday, Officer Michael Rosfeld was charged with homicide in the fatal shooting of Antwon Rose in Pittsburgh. Rose, who was unarmed, had tried to flee a traffic stop when Rosfeld began to shoot. Allegheny County District Attorney Stephen A. Zappala Jr. told the press:  I find that Rosfeld’s actions were intentional and they certainly brought about the result he was hoping to accomplish. Unless you see a genuine threat, it’s inappropriate and in fact criminal to take someone’s life.  The debate over immigration continued this week. The House did not pass a bill backed by President Trump to fund a border wall, and House Democrats demanded that the Trump administration put forth a reunification plan for immigrant parents and children separated at the border. And this week, we learned that the rappers Cardi B and Offset have been married since September, even though Offset publicly proposed in October. *Text by Kathryn Fink*. GUESTS Nina Totenberg, Legal affairs correspondent, NPR Sheryl Gay Stolberg, Washington correspondent, The New York Times;  @sherylnyt Abderrahim Foukara, Washington bureau chief, Al Jazeera For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Pakistan-India Tensions

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NPR's Michael Sullivan reports from Islamabad that Pakistan accused India of launching an air attack on a Pakistani outpost in the disputed region of Kashmir. India denied the claim as an "outright lie." The war of words came as U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage arrived in India for talks on reducing tensions between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.

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Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: Songs We Love: Satoshi Tomiie, 'Thursday, 2AM'

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Satoshi Tomiie released his first house track, the all-timer "Tears" with Frankie Knuckles, more than 25 years ago. When a musician's first impression is basically perfection — and "Tears" is just that — it can define, even overshadow, the rest of a career. But the Japanese DJ has stayed busy ever since, mostly remixing or spinning at clubs around the world, while every so often releasing new original material. Tomiie released just his second full-length album, New Day, last month, and it's got plenty of deep analog jams — a bit of a surprise for someone with official remixes of Michael Bolton and Mariah Carey to his credit. "Thursday, 2AM" is the most immediate track on New Day, anchored by a warped synthesizer melody that's simple enough to function as an anthem. Tomiie doesn't wear out his welcome and soon moves on to deeper pastures, but as he's keenly aware, first impressions have a way of leaving their mark.

Set List  Inner City, "Good Life" (Virgin) Rythim Is Rhythim, "Strings Of Life" (Transmat) Trentemøller, "One Eye Open" (In My Room) Depeche Mode, "You Move [Jason Bentley Remix]" (Columbia) Goldfrapp, "Systematic" (Mute) Busy P, "Genie [feat. Mayer Hawthorne]" (Ed Banger) Louis The Child, "Love Is Alive [feat. Elohim]" (Ultra) !!!, "The One 2" (Warp Records) Eric B & Rakim, "Paid In Full [7 Minutes Of Madness Remix]" (Island) Barclay Crenshaw, "U Are In My System" (STX&BRX) Thomas Bangalter, "On Da Rocks" (Roulette) Sam Von Horn, "Off The Wall" (Fantastic Voyage) Sam Von Horn, "As You Are [feat. Justin Jay]" (Fantastic Voyage) Soulwax, "Here Come The Men In Suits" (Pias) Panthera Krause, "Twerk It" Cut Snake, "Time" (Warner Bros.) Claude VonStroke, "The Rain Break" (Dirtybird) Raze, "Break 4 Love" (Grove Street) Groove Junkies X Scott K, "Higher" Justin Martin, "The Feels [Walker & Royce Remix]" (Dirtybird) Geotic, "Vaulted Ceiling, Painted Sky" (Ghostly International) De La Soul, "A Rollerskating Jam Named Saturdays" (Tommy Boy) Purple Disco Machine, "Magic" (Exploited) Kredits, "Track 2" Mason, "Toucan" (Animal Language) Freekazoidz, "I Saw You Dancing" Joe Goddard, "Music Is The Answer [Waajeed Remix]" (Greco-Roman) Amber Mark, "Way Back" (Jasmine Music) Nao, "Get To Know Ya [Kaytranada Flip]" (Little Tokyo Recordings) Mac Miller, "Dang! [feat. Anderson .Paak]" (Warner Bros.) Soulwax, "Missing Wires" [Pias] Rac, "This Song [feat. Rostam]" Geotic, "Actually Smiling" (Ghostly International)


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Trump Administration Hopes New Leadership Can Calm Turbulence Roiling The FAA

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President Trump is nominating Stephen Dickson, a former Delta Airlines exec, to lead the Federal Aviation Administration while it is being sharply criticized for its oversight of plane manufacturers.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Myanmar, Pope Calls For Unity And Tolerance, But Doesn't Mention Rohingya. -- Kenya's President Sworn-In For Second Term As Police Quell Unrest. -- Former Top Chinese General Commits Suicide As Corruption Probe Looms. -- What The Upheaval At A Federal Consumer Watchdog Could Mean For Students. And here are more early headlines: President Trump To Visit GOP Senators On Capitol Hill Today. (USA Today) Confirmation Hearing Underway For Fed Chair Nominee. (MarketWatch) Tesla Prepares To Test Huge Battery In Australia. (Sydney Morning Herald) Uncertainty Over Honduran Presidential Voting Results. (Reuters) Arkansas Cuts Funding To Planned Parenthood. (AP) Volcanic Eruption Continues On Bali. (CBS/AP)


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Question: Quicktake Northwest 10-6-06

OPB's morning podcast of top news stories from around the Pacific Northwest.

Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Question: Saint-Saens' Havanaise

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['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'A new study confirms that children in Colorado without health insurance are more likely to become seriously ill, and even die, than children who are insured. Dr. Jim Todd, one of two Children???s Hospital physicians who conducted the research, discusses the findings with Ryan Warner.'] == ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Uninsured Coloradans: Study Shows Impact on Children']

A young violinist named Wendy White was one winner of last year's Sphinx Competition, held every year for African American and Latino string players.  She plays the "Havanaise" for violin and orchestra by Camille Saint-Saens.

From a new CBC release, the CBC Vancouver Symphony performs "Still Life" from the "Picasso Suite"


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Question: Stuck At Home, Damien Jurado Says He's Written 3 New Albums

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Damien Jurado will admit he has a bit of an addictive personality. In the past two months while stuck at home in Washington state, he's channeled that energy into songwriting. Jurado says he's already written three distinctly different albums in isolation, and that's on top of What's New, Tomboy, the record he already had in the can and that just came out on May 1. "I don't know what moderation is," he explains. Over a 15-album, nearly 25-year career, Jurado has built a devoted fan base that includes such fellow musicians as Jason Isbell and Nathaniel Rateliff. He got his start in Seattle in the 1990s, when grunge was in its heyday, with a much quieter sound that he says he doesn't try to overthink. "I don't try and nitpick over it," he says. "I don't try to dictate what's being said or what's being conveyed to me at that moment." The songs that he's created have inspired other musicians, including fellow singer-songwriter Courtney Marie Andrews, who played in Jurado's touring band. "Some of his songs should be in the American Songbook," she says. "He's kind of like this cult figure, but I feel like he should be more widely lauded because he's such a great songwriter." In his songwriting process, Jurado says his lyrics don't have to make sense to him. It's more about making sure they are packaged right in the music. "I've always said I feel like a mailman," he explains. "I'm not responsible for what I'm delivering here, but I'm gonna damn sure do my job and deliver it right." Kristian Matsson, better known by his stage name The Tallest Man on Earth, remembers watching Jurado open for him at Royal Albert Hall in London four years ago. "He starts to sing — and I'm not exaggerating here, because it had also been a very stressful day before that and a lot of nerves, "Matsson says, "and he had started to sing and I started to cry standing side-stage," Matsson says. Damien Jurado has worked with a number of producers over the course of his career, but in 2010, he hooked up with Richard Swift. In a 2015 interview with Iowa Public Radio, Jurado said Swift had a very different process from his other producers. "I show up. I sit in a chair. There's one microphone. I play the songs front to back," he says. "He almost took this sound and it was like Silly Putty and he just stretched it." Jurado says they became like brothers. "He would call me about really intense personal matters, with his family or his own personal struggles with anxiety," he says. "I remember getting calls from him in like mid anxiety attack" Swift died two years ago of complications related to alcohol addiction. Jurado remembers one of their last conversations, when he'd finished a batch of songs and it was time to get back in the studio. "He said 'You should produce this record by yourself,' " Jurado says. "[I said 'I don't know if I could do that.' And I remember he looked at me and he said, 'Yeah, you can.' And I never forgot that. I never forgot that." For now, equipped with the confidence he gained from Swift, Jurado is content in isolation. He says he's not too worried about when he'll be able to get back on the road, because when he does, he'll have a lot of new material for his fans. "And depending on how long this goes, who knows what I'll be left with at the end of this," Jurado says.

Stories: 1) Timberlake On 'N Sync, Acting And Bringing Sexy Back 2) Sarah Blasko: An Intimate Voice, An Inventive Sound 3) If A TV Show Turns 50 And No One Notices...


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Question: Lessons Learned After 1 Million Global Coronavirus Deaths

As the world marks the sad milestone of 1 million lives lost to the coronavirus, NPR's international team reviews the way nations have handled the pandemic.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Hong Kong, Police Clear Final 'Occupy' Protest Site. -- U.S. Says It Has Closed Its Final Detention Center In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: The Latest On The Congressional Omnibus Spending Bill. (Politico) U.N Official Calls For Prosecution Of U.S. Agents In Harsh Interrogations. (Newsweek) U.S. Finds Medical Bills Lead Americans' Unpaid Debts. (CFPB) Study Finds More Than 5 Trillion Pieces Of Plastic In World's Oceans. (New York Times) British, Irish Prime Ministers Join Northern Irish Peace Talks. (BBC) Falling Oil Prices Swell Alaska's Potential Budget Deficit. (AP) After 12 Days, Missing Boater Found Miles Off Hawaii. (Christian Science Monitor)


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Question: Firefighters Continue Making Headway Against California Blazes

Firefighters continue to battle the largest fire in California history even as another large blaze has been contained.  The Ranch Fire, one of the two wildfires that make up the Mendocino Complex, has burned through 341,047 acres — or 533 square miles — and is at 76 percent containment, Cal Fires reported on Sunday.  Daron Wyatt, a public information officer, said challenging weather conditions and "steep, inaccessible terrain," have made progress against the fire especially difficult, according to The Press Democrat.   The newspaper reported, "Wyatt said he has seen recent photos of some of the 3,500 firefighters assigned to the fire scrambling along hillsides with 60 percent slopes, so steep they needed to pull themselves up by their fire hoses." By late Sunday the fire had gained another 6,000 acres.  After raging for 17 days, the River Fire was contained on Aug. 13., but not before flames tore through 48,920 acres.  The total acreage consumed by the twin fires is 389,967 since they first broke out on July 27, with a combined containment of 79 percent. In all, 157 homes and some 120 structures have been destroyed.  Matt Burchett, a veteran firefighter and battalion chief with the Draper Fire Department in Utah, was killed in the intense fight against the fire Ranch fire on Aug. 13. The Deseret News reported his body was returned home with a "solemn escort, without lights or sirens" on Friday. He was accompanied by the Utah firefighters who also helped combat the fire.  Despite the difficulties, officials say full containment is still expected by Sept. 1. Crews continue making progress on the devastating Carr Fire that is raging further north in the Redding area.  Cal Fire reported that the Shasta County fire, set off by sparks from the rim of a flat tire scraping along Highway 299, is now 83 percent contained.  So far, it has charred more than 227,098 acres and is by far the most destructive of the state's fires. It has decimated 1,079 residences, 22 commercial structures and 503 other buildings.   At least seven people have been killed in the fire, started July 23, including three firefighting personnel and a great-grandmother and two children. It took firefighters a few days longer than they had hoped, but the Ferguson Fire, which shut down swaths of Yosemite National Park and scorched more than 96,000 acres, was fully contained on Saturday night.  Achieving 100 percent containment means officials have stopped it from spreading but it does not mean it is completely out.  As Ferguson Fire Information Officer Brendan Halle told Ryan Levi of the public radio show The California Report, "It's not controlled." "Controlled would be after there are no more hot spots or smoking areas, and there are still interior pockets of unburned fuel in that containment line that are probably going to smoke for a while until they have the first really good storm or wetting rain up in this region, and that will probably lead to the whole thing being controlled," Halle said.  The Ferguson Fire burned for more than a month — 36 days — killed two firefighters, and has had a calamitous impact on what is traditionally the peak tourist season in and round Yosemite National Park. Levi says that park closures have resulted in about $50 million in lost revenue.  According to Levi, "Park officials closed the popular Yosemite Valley to the public on July 25, and the following week, the fire burned into the park for the first time, leading the National Park Service to close a large portion of the park indefinitely on August 5. Yosemite Valley reopened on August 14. Mariposa Grove and Wawona have also reopened, while Glacier Point remains closed." The cause of the fire remains under investigation.

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: Despite Trump's Escalating Rhetoric, Little Evidence Of War Preparations

Despite the president's heated rhetoric regarding North Korea, there is little evidence the U.S. is preparing for war. The U.S. military presence in the western Pacific is robust, but is not being significantly boosted and remains a deterrent force.

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Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Chicago Changes Gears On Rail Car Seats

Commuters in Chicago have spoken: they don’t like the New York-style rail car seats. So the Chicago Transit Authority is making sure that new trains have aisle seats instead of cars with rows facing center. Guest

Brian Steele, spokesman for the Chicago Transit Authority.
 JEREMY HOBSON, HOST:  The Chicago Transit Authority is listening to its riders and changing the seats in its L Train cars. The CTA had ordered new train seven years ago, modeling them on New York City's subway car design, but the cars prove unpopular with commuters. And with me now to discuss the change is Chicago Transit Authority's spokesman Brian Steele. And Brian, yeah, I would have thought that the way forward would be this kind of seating that we see in New York with two rows of seats on either side of the train because you can fit more people in that way. Why are you guys in Chicago abandoning that? BRIAN STEELE: Well, transit customers in the city of Chicago had been accustomed to a certain type of seating style that's been around for well over four decades, and that includes most of the seats being either forward or rear facing, not aisle facing. A couple of years ago, the CTA introduced its very first aisle seating only railcars, called our 5000 series. And they met with really an equal mix of praise and scorn from our customers. Some people saw the advantages of having more space to stand, easier boarding and the lighting of the cars because you have more space by the doors. But an equal amount of people were simply unaccustomed to looking at the center of the railcar and looking at their fellow rail passengers. HOBSON: Yeah. I see the Chicago Tribune reports that the most common complaints from riders about the center-facing seats are that seated passengers are being eye level with the, quote, "crouches and buttocks of standing passengers." STEELE: Probably I'll leave that up to the Tribune... (LAUGHTER) STEELE: ...to determine whether or not that is the case. I will tell you that obviously when you're seating center facing, you are looking at the customers that are in the middle of the railcar. And indeed, we already have some aisle-facing seating on some of our railcars and never before had we heard that being an issue. But again, I think it was such a dramatic change in the style of seating that CTA customers have been accustomed to for a half century or more. And when the previous CTA administration changed it, it was a pretty abrupt change, and probably most of importantly, it was a change that was made without really getting feedback from customers. HOBSON: But can't you fit more people into a train car when there's just one big open space in the middle? STEELE: Under the hybrid design that we've come up with that features both transverse, which is the forward facing, and the aisle-facing seating, we're able to get roughly the capacity that we have in our aisle-seating railcars. I think we lose maybe a seat or two, but we maintain a lot of the space by the doors, which is one of the most important considerations. So this new hybrid design that we've come up with is a proverbial best of both worlds. HOBSON: Brian Steele is a spokesman for the Chicago Transit Authority. Brian, thanks so much. STEELE: My pleasure. Thank you. HOBSON: And coming up, HERE AND NOW chef Kathy Gunst heads north for some Alaskan cuisine. You're listening to HERE AND NOW.

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State to Impose New Emissions Rules for Small Engines. Solar Initiative Launches January 1. End Music.


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Question: Florida Man Who Mailed Bombs To Democrats, Media Gets 20 Years In Prison

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Cesar Sayoc, the Florida bodybuilder and nightclub bouncer who mailed inoperative pipe bombs to prominent Democrats and media figures seen as critical of President Trump, was sentenced to 20 years in prison by a federal judge in New York on Monday. Sayoc, 57, had been arrested in October 2018 and pleaded guilty in March to mailing 16 improvised explosive devices to 13 targets around the country, including 11 current or former U.S. government officials, in the weeks prior to the 2018 congressional elections. "I wish more than anything I could turn back time and take back what I did," Sayoc told U.S. District Judge Jed Rakoff. "But I want you to know, Your Honor, with all my heart and soul, I feel the pain and suffering of these victims." Sayoc blamed his behavior on his mental illness and excessive use of steroids, adding, "I should have listened to my mother, the love of my life." According to a statement released by U.S. Attorney Geoffrey Berman in March, Sayoc's intended victims were former Vice President Joe Biden, Sen. Cory Booker, former CIA Director John Brennan, former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, CNN, Robert De Niro, Sen. Kamala Harris, former Attorney General Eric Holder, former President Barack Obama, George Soros, Thomas Steyer and Rep. Maxine Waters. None of Sayoc's devices exploded. At his sentencing hearing Monday, Sayoc said that although his homemade devices looked like pipe bombs, he did not intend for them to explode. Sayoc's attorneys, all federal public defenders, argued that Sayoc was motivated by his obsession with Trump and his anger at Democrats, whom he blamed for the vandalism of his van, which displayed Trump stickers. Rakoff concluded that the design flaws in Sayoc's bombs were intentional and indicated that he did not intend to actually harm his victims. A sobbing Sayoc thanked the judge when he announced the 20-year sentence. Prosecutors had sought a life sentence.

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', "More and more Americans are opting to live together before they get married. That's according to new federal data. And on average, cohabitations last about 22 months compared to 13 months in 1995."]>>  to <<['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Study: Record Number Of People Are Cohabitating']>>

Good afternoon. Here are some headlines we're watching: Paul Ryan Campaigns On Medicare In Florida - With His Mom. (Politico) GM Recalls Nearly 250,000 SUVs Over Potential Fire Hazard. (Detroit News) John Lennon's Murderer Faces Seventh Parole Hearing Next Week. (CNN) In Apparent Diplomatic Thaw, Egyptian President Morsi To Visit Iran This Month. (AFP) New Family Of Spiders Discovered In Oregon - And They've Got Claws. (AP)


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Question: Journalism's Courageous, Cantankerous Hero

H.G. Wells was wrong.  A good biographer doesn't have to be a "conscientious enemy" of his subject. Take American Radical, D.D. Guttenplan's valentine to the iconic investigative reporter I.F. Stone.  A compelling account of an anti-establishment journalist who became a Washington insider, the book also provides a lively examination of the American Left, from the Roaring '20s to the misadventure in Vietnam. Stone is all but unknown these days to anyone under 60.  A reporter and columnist at the New York Post and The Nation in the 1930s and '40s, he covered sit-down strikes, the rise of the Nazis and the civil rights movement. He came into his own in the 1950s, Guttenplan demonstrates, as founder and "sole practitioner" of I.F. Stone's Weekly. Published on a shoestring, the paper reflected Stone's view that "government is run by liars, and nothing they say should be believed." A near-deaf man who knew how to listen, Stone tried to get his "stuff from the horse's mouth, or the other end at any rate."  And he perfected the art of looking "for the nuggets of awkward fact" — like data on nuclear fallout — that democratic governments hid in plain sight. Stone was often prescient. In 1959, he anticipated Richard Nixon's "opening to China" by more than a decade. Since Democrats, as Stone wrote, didn't want to be seen as "soft on communism," the then-vice president held "the key to peace." Stone declared the war in Vietnam all but lost as early as 1963, and a year later speculated that the attack on the U.S.S. Maddox that precipitated the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution might well have been provoked by the United States. Guttenplan recognizes that Stone's claim to the title "first blogger" has become "a cyber-space cliche."  But, he adds perceptively, banishment from the corridors of power after the anti-communist hysteria of the 1950s saved Stone — and his subscribers — from mere punditry. I.F. Stone's Weekly became legendary for grounding opinion in hard and trustworthy information.  Well-researched and gracefully written, An American Radical gets inside the head and heart of a courageous and cantankerous reporter with a "street-wise, lapel grabbing" signature style. With newspapers on life support these days, Guttenplan's paean to investigative journalism and one of its boldest practitioners is sure to make some of his readers nostalgic for a return to the Stone Age. To the Meet the Press audience on December 12, 1949, there was nothing special about the confrontation between I. F. Stone and Dr. Morris Fishbein. As editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association, Fishbein was a well-known foe of what the AMA called "socialized medicine" in any form; Stone, a sometime member of the Meet  the  Press panel since 1946, could always be relied on for provocative, irreverent, and persistent questioning. The country's most influential physician had already denounced national health insurance as "the kind of regimentation that led to totalitarianism in Germany." When Fishbein also condemned compulsory coverage as "socialistic," Stone demonstrated why the show's producers considered him "a good needler": "Dr. Fishbein, let's get nice and rough. In view of his advocacy of compulsory health insurance, do you regard Mr. Harry Truman as a card-bearing Communist, or just a deluded fellow traveler?" The arguments over national health care did not advance much in the next sixty years, but for I. F. Stone that broadcast marked a kind of limit. After a career that saw him rise to national prominence not only on television and radio but as a correspondent for the Nation and a columnist for PM-the legendary New York tabloid that refused advertisements and revolutionized American newspapers-he was about to disappear. Not literally, of course. For the moment, Stone still had a job, though his latest employer, New York's Daily Compass, had fewer readers than the same city's Yiddish Daily Forward. And if the days when his habit of sauntering into various New Deal agencies and making free with the phone-and the files-were behind him, he still had friends in Washington, some of whom were even willing to be seen talking with him. But it was to be another eighteen years before I. F. Stone was next on national television. And though he lived to an age when political punditry dominated Sunday morning broadcasting, he was never again invited back on Meet the Press. A decade earlier, Stone had already developed as much "access" as any journalist in the country; his patrons included Felix Frankfurter, the Harvard Law professor and future Supreme Court justice, and Thomas "Tommy the Cork" Corcoran, the president's political fixer. During World War II, Stone worked closely with Walter Reuther and other union leaders in proposing plans to increase production of aircraft and arms; his exposés of the Alcoa Aluminum trust's war profiteering and the Standard Oil Company's cozy cartel agreements with the German firm I. G. Farben brought him kudos fro

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Stories: 1) Michael Beschloss: Critical Moments, Critical Choices 2) Lesbian Activist, Pioneering Journalist Del Martin 3) 'Trouble The Water' Captures Katrina On Camcorder


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Question: What A Celebrity-Sex-Tape Lawsuit Can Teach Us About Fair Use

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Now I know it's not every day you see a blog post on NPR.org about celebrity sex tapes. But today's an exception because of a story we saw on the PBS(!) Web site. Being PBS, of course, they weren't exactly channeling TMZ or Perez Hilton; rather, their MediaShift blog has taken a thoughtful look at whether Gawker.com's publishing of a particular sex tape constitutes "fair use" of unlicensed media. Given how easy it's become for anyone with Internet access to publish just about anything online, understanding fair use is now more important than ever. Codified within U.S. law in the 1976 Copyright Act, fair use attempts to define the situations in which someone can publish portions of someone else's copyrighted material without licensing it, for the sake of news reporting, criticism and the like. In the MediaShift post, blogger and law student Rob Arcamona dissects a copyright infringement lawsuit against Gawker by Grey's Anatomy co-star Eric Dane and his wife Rebecca Gayheart, who recorded a video of themselves frolicking in their birthday suits with former beauty queen Kari Ann Peniche. Gawker got their hands on the 12-minute video and published an edited, four-minute version of it. One might think that this is a slam-dunk case for Dane and Gayheart, but MediaShift's Arcamona isn't so sure; he gives Gawker a "three-point spread" in the case. Arcamona then goes through the various factors used to identify legitimate examples of fair use and applies them to the lawsuit. Read More >> As far as some of these factors are concerned, Dane and Gayheart might have the legal edge. For example, Gawker scooped Dane and Gayheart by publishing the video first, and whether or not they intended the video to see the light of day is another kettle of fish. But a scoop is still a scoop, as Arcamona explains: In a 1985 decision, the Supreme Court stated that a copyright holder has the 'right to control the first public appearance' of copyrighted material. Gawker's post was the first time the public had ever seen the video, meaning that Gawker does not have much of an argument here. It also probably doesn't help Gawker's case that they used one-third of the entire video in their post, rather than a screenshot or a brief clip. Having said that, another factor in judging whether fair use applies in a given circumstance is whether or not a person's publishing of a copyright-protected work undermines the copyright holder's ability to make money off of it. If you watch the video as edited by Gawker - not safe for work, unless you work at Gawker or PBS, anyway - there's no shortage of nudity, but nothing much more salacious than that. That could be relevant to the case, according to Arcamona: In fact, if the video didn't show Gayheart and Peniche without their shirts, and bleeped out the swear words, it might be suitable for daytime TV. If the whole video consists only of the threesome hanging around a house naked, then perhaps, after viewing the Gawker excerpt, no one would be interested in purchasing the full version. Thus, 'fair use' would be off the table. ... However, if Gawker edited out some really juicy material - sex scenes, for example - then people could still be interested in a bona fide copy of the recording. And if that, indeed, turned out to be the case, the relatively tamer Gawker version wouldn't necessarily undermine Dane and Gayheart's ability to make money from it. Hence, a potentially strong fair-use argument by Gawker. Anyway, the PBS story makes for an entertaining read. The video serves as an unexpected teachable moment about the complex issue of fair use in the Internet age. For those of you who wish to delve into it further - fair use, not the video - you should check out the Center for Social Media, which has a great collection of best practices regarding fair use. And if you want to delve into the human side of the video, well, there's always Gawker for that.

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details
Examples:
'['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'Calculating Mutual Fund Returns']' == '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "As investors' 2007 mutual fund statements start rolling in, the hard work of calculating portfolio returns begins. The biggest mistake people make is not keeping a handle on how well their portfolio is performing. Jonathan Clements, personal finance columnist for The Wall Street Journal, discusses how to calculate what your returns were, and how to invest in 2008. Clements speaks with Renee Montagne. RENEE MONTAGNE, host:   Now is about the time your mutual fund statements begin rolling in, telling you how much you've made or lost in 2007. Calculating how much your investments have made is critical to making smart investing decisions, but it's a lot harder than it would seem.  Joining us, as he often does on MORNING EDITION, to talk about this is Jonathan Clements. He is the personal finance columnist for The Wall Street Journal.   Good morning.  Mr. JONATHAN CLEMENTS (The Wall Street Journal): Good morning, Renee. It's great to be with you.  MONTAGNE: Don't most brokers or mutual fund show how much investors have made on their total investments?  Mr. CLEMENTS: Generally, when you get that end-of-year portfolio statement, all it's going to tell you is, you know, how much you had at the end of the year, probably it will tell you how much you added or withdrew at various points during the course of the year, and it might tell you the beginning of the year balance. In terms of the actual total portfolio return, that's a relatively complicated number for individuals to calculate on their own, which is why you'd like the mutual fund companies and the brokerage firms be doing that calculation for you. Very few brokerage firms and mutual fund companies give that information to investors.  MONTAGNE: Why don't brokers put that rather simple for them to calculate number right there on the front?  Mr. CLEMENTS: Well, a few of them do, but most don't. And the reason is obvious. I mean, if people really knew how their portfolio is performing, they would start to ask awkward questions about how much they're paying in investment costs and about how competent their money managers really are.  MONTAGNE: But how can someone who's listening to us right now and thinks I want to calculate my portfolio's return, how can that person do it?  Mr. CLEMENTS: What you want to do is take that beginning-of-year portfolio value and the end-of-the-year portfolio value but make some adjustments to that end-of-the-year number. Add back any money that you withdrew during the course of the year, or conversely you want to subtract the new savings that you made during 2007. If you do that and then you compare the beginning-of-the-year and end-of-year portfolio values, you'll have a rough idea of how your portfolio has done in 2007. You can then go and look at how some of the broad market indexes have performed and say, hey, did I keep up or maybe I haven't done so well. What you want to be concerned about is if you do that calculation and you discover that you've lost money in 2007, there's a lesson there.  MONTAGNE: What's the biggest mistake people make?  Mr. CLEMENTS: Well, unfortunately, when it comes to managing money, Renee, most of us are pretty much delusional. You know, we boast about our winners and we conveniently forget about our losers. You know, we scratch them from our mental calculations. But if you do all of that, you won't have a good handle on how good a job you or your financial advisers are doing of picking investments. So yeah, you really want to know what your portfolio performance number is.  MONTAGNE: Well, if you - if your investments are lagging, what do you do?  Mr. CLEMENTS: Well, you've got a couple of different options. I mean, you could go out and buy market tracking index funds. That will give you the market's return guaranteed every year. You could turn over your money to, let's say, a (unintelligible) financial planner and gets some good investment advice. Or alternatively you could go to one of the major mutual fund companies. They all offer these target-date retirement funds, which offer you sort of fixed investment mixes in a single mutual fund. You buy one of these target-date retirement funds, you put all your money into it, and then you go off and do something better with your life.  MONTAGNE: Jonathan Clements is the personal finance columnist for The Wall Street Journal.   Thanks for joining us.    Mr. CLEMENTS: It's my pleasure, Renee."]' != '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Stories: 1) Lowering Medical Costs By Providing Better Care 2) Sargent Shriver: A Man Of Public Service']'

Question: Week In Review With Daniel Schorr

This week Congress worked on a number of compromises to try to pass the multibilion-dollar stimulus package and get it to President Obama's desk soon. Meanwhile, the Obama administration lost another cabinet nominee — this one citing "irresolvable conflicts." In other news, a peanut company filed for bankruptcy. NPR's Scott Simon discusses the news of the week with NPR Senior News Analyst, Dan Schorr.

Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: Dad Finds Answers to Kids' Darnedest Questions

This might sound familiar to parents: "Why is the sky blue? What are eyebrows for?" Kids ask the darnedest things and author Wendell Jamieson decided he'd find the answers. He talks about his book Father Knows Less or: Can I Cook My Sister?  Wendell Jamieson, author of Father Knows Less or: Can I Cook My Sister?  Ira Flatow, host of Science Friday 1. Why? I remember the white-hot highway, the exploding chrome highlights of the other cars, the blast of humid air through the open windows. But most of all, I remember the roar of the road. Our blue Volkswagen station wagon had no air conditioner. The engine was in the back, not under the hood, so it vibrated and heated up the rear seats where my sister and I sat, lap belts loose around our waists. We didn't have much to do back there-this was before Walkmans or iPods or portable DVD players, and the whipping wind violently fanned the pages of any book we tried to open — so we just sautéed in silent misery. Outside, Long Island flew by like a freight train, the summer sun burning away all the textures of the world and turning each receding line of trees and houses a lighter shade of green-gray. I must have been five. With nothing else to do, I began to daydream. This can be dangerous. I didn't think about our destination, the little brown house on stilts we rented near the beach on Dune Road. Nor did I look forward to playing in the sand, or in the bay, or watching the sailboats glide beneath the drawbridges that connected Dune Road with the mainland. And I didn't ruminate on the horseshoe crabs I'd see crawling along the silt, even though, unchanged for hundreds of millions of years, they are among the most bizarre and fascinating creatures on earth. I thought about something else. Why was the road so incredibly noisy? Where was the sound coming from? How can wind make noise? It's just air, invisible air, moving fast, right? And in this case, the air wasn't even moving — the car was. So why was the highway so loud? I leaned forward and shouted to my father. I may have had to do this a few times to be heard. "Daddy, why is the highway so loud?" Here is what he said: "Because all the people who live next to the road have their vacuum cleaners on." I knew vacuums were noisy; I thought of ours at home, thundering along the rug. Then I imagined one blasting away in every other house and made some careful sonic calculations in my head. His answer made perfect sense. I leaned back, satisfied, returning to my spot in the wind tunnel. Cut to Christmas morning, a few years later: We lived in a brownstone row house in a neighborhood in Brooklyn called Park Slope. We always had very nice Christmases here, both before my parents got divorced and after. My sister, Lindsay, and I would get up in the milky early — morning light, retrieve our bulging stockings from the mantelpiece and spill them out on our beds. We'd tally everything up. Then we'd get our parents through the glass-paneled doors that separated our rooms and drag them, groggy but game, downstairs to the tree. But this year was different. Lindsay had lost a tooth on Christmas Eve and placed it beneath her pillow. The first thing she did when she got up was look to see if the tooth was still there, even before retrieving her stocking. And it was. "Daddy," she called, bursting angrily through those glass-paneled doors, her feet stomping. "Daddy, wake up. The tooth fairy didn't come. My tooth is still there. There's no money under my pillow. Why didn't the tooth fairy come?" Here is what he said: "She got run over by Santa Claus's sleigh." My mother laughed. My sister did not. Children ask questions; that's a fact. For someone whose age is in the low to mid single digits, the world is a blank slate waiting to be asked about, every long-held assumption and familiar sight to a tired adult an intriguing and potentially fascinating mystery. And every answer can beget a new question, until parent and child are locked in that final single-word checkmate: "Why?" Every parent, I imagine, has his or her own technique for dealing with this phenomenon. Some improvise, some turn to the dictionary, some go online, some say, "Ask your father," or "Ask your mother." Some just shrug and say, "I don't know" — a phrase that would seem like a surefire way to end the process but can be surprisingly ineffective. My father, on the road or in the bed on Christmas morning, liked to make things up. This wasn't necessarily because he didn't know the answers, or that he found the questions annoying, or that he was drunk. It just seemed to amuse him, giving funny answers. My mother laughed along, too — hey, Wendell, you didn't really think everyone by the side of the road had a vacuum on, did you? I was twenty-two, driving down the Long Island Expressway in my own un-air-conditioned Volkswagen, when suddenly it hit me: I'd been duped. Of course, my father didn't always make stuff up. Sometimes he thoughtfully tried to explain the world, even wh

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Stories: 1) Learning Your Sister Is 'Someone Else's Twin' 2) 'Sex On Six Legs': When Insects Go Wild 3) Teens, Sex And Tech Tear A 'Beautiful Life' Apart


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Question: Scientists Search For Toxins In Cigarette Smoke Residue

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Everybody knows smoking is hazardous. Being around someone who smokes isn't such a good idea either. "There's no safe amount of secondhand smoke," the surgeon general has said. Now thirdhand smoke is getting scrutiny. What's thirdhand smoke? It's the residue from smoke that settles onto clothes, hair, furniture or anything else in a smoker's vicinity. These chemicals can react with others in the air or on surfaces to create even more potentially hazardous substances. "Thirdhand smoke can grow more toxic over time," says Bo Hang, a scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He briefed the media Monday on findings from his lab's work on thirdhand smoke presented at a meeting of the American Chemical Society in Dallas. The concept of thirdhand smoke is fairly new, and remains controversial. Hang's lab has looked at tobacco-specific chemicals that alter DNA, including one called NNA that is very similar to a well-known and potent carcinogen called NNK. Is thirdhand smoke dangerous in the real world? Just because something can be detected doesn't prove that it's a health hazard. "We cannot ignore these compounds even though they are in small quantities in thirdhand smoke," Hang says. Still, the press materials released before his talk concede there's a lot of work to do before cause and effect can be shown. "Just as it took years to establish the cancer-causing effects of first-hand smoke that is inhaled as a person breathes in directly from the cigarette, making the connection between third-hand smoke or NNA and cancer could take a long time," said a statement attributed to Hang. In his remarks to journalists Monday, Hang said many clinical studies would have to be performed to characterize the health risks. Among other things, Hang and his group are looking for chemical markers that would help them identify DNA damage specific to thirdhand smoke exposure. Previously, Hang's group published a paper in the journal Mutagenesis that said they had demonstrated the toxic potential of thirdhand smoke for human cells. "This is the very first study to find that thirdhand smoke is mutagenic," Lara Gundel, a colleague of Hang's and a co-author of the study, said in a statement last June. "Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, some of the chemical compounds in thirdhand smoke, are among the most potent carcinogens there are." A January paper in PLOS ONE that used mice to assess the health hazards highlighted the knowledge gap:  Although the potential risks attributed to [thirdhand smoke] exposure are increasing, virtually nothing is known about the specific health implications of acute or cumulative exposure. Therefore, there is a critical need for animal experiments to evaluate biological effects of [thirdhand smoke] exposure that will inform subsequent human epidemiological and clinical trials.  The experiments described in the PLOS ONE paper showed that mice exposed to smoke residue, but never actual smoke, had tissue damage and other changes in health a lot like those seen with secondhand smoke.


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.