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"['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'State Of The Obama Economy: Far Better, But Still With Many Troubles']" == "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'When President Obama first took the oath of office seven years ago this month, the U.S. economy was so battered that many economists were pondering the possibility of another Great Depression. The fears were real: Employers were cutting 796,000 jobs; the auto industry was facing bankruptcy; private foreclosures and public debts were soaring. So the new president\'s rhetoric was somber. For millions of Americans, "the state of our economy is a concern that rises above all others, and rightly so," Obama said in his first address to a joint session of Congress. "It\'s the worry you wake up with and the source of sleepless nights." Today, the U.S. economy is in far better shape — a message Obama will underscore Tuesday in his State of the Union address. He\'ll have plenty of upbeat talking points to mention. For example, last month, employers added 292,000 workers and the jobless rate held steady at 5 percent, down from 2009\'s peak of 10 percent. Compared with January 2009, these are far better days for both workers and business owners. Still, serious challenges remain, and critics will have plenty of problems to point out. Here\'s a quick look at the state of the economy as Obama enters the final year of his presidency. First, the good news:  Jobs: In the winter of 2009, employers were announcing mass layoffs that did not peak until March 2009, when the country lost 824,000 jobs. That dynamic has turned around, following a record-breaking 70 consecutive months of private sector job growth. Over just the past two years, employers have added nearly 6 million jobs — the strongest pace since the late 1990s. Autos: In January 2009, new-vehicle sales plunged, falling 55 percent at Chrysler, and by nearly 50 percent at GM. Ford was down by 40 percent. Chrysler and GM had to borrow $13.4 billion from the U.S. Treasury to dodge bankruptcy. Today, the industry is booming. In 2015, U.S. sales hit 17.47 million vehicles, breaking old the record of 17.41 million, set in 2000. Stocks: In early 2009, stocks were taking frightful plunges. The Dow Jones industrial average hit a bottom of 6,507 by March. Once a turnaround began, prices soared. Over the past year, prices have fallen back amid worries about global slowing, but still, the DJIA is above 16,300. Foreclosures: In 2009, about 2.82 million properties filed for foreclosure. Today, foreclosure filings have fallen to near a 10-year low. As of November 2015, fewer than 700,000 properties were still in the nation\'s foreclosure inventory. Low inflation: Throughout the recovery, consumers have seen relatively little inflation. In fact, over the past 12 months, the consumer price index has risen only 0.5 percent, which has in turn helped keep interest rates at historic lows. Gas prices: In the summer of 2008, gasoline was selling above $4 a gallon as the national average. When the economy plunged, so did the price of gas, down to around $1.60 in January 2009. Today, gas is averaging $1.96, according to AAA, the auto club. After adjusting for inflation, the current price is just slightly higher than in 2009 — but without the drama of a domestic demand collapse.  And here are some of the still-unsolved problems:  Soaring federal debt: When Obama took office, the national debt stood at $10.6 trillion. Today, it\'s nearly $19 trillion. By the time he leaves office, the debt will have nearly doubled on his watch. Stagnant wages: In the winter of 2009, average hourly earnings were around $22. Now they are about $25.24. After adjusting for inflation, workers have seen their buying power rise by less than a dollar, even though corporate profits have soared. Tax code mess: Virtually everyone in Washington, including Obama, says the tax code is far too complicated. Yet there appears to be no real hope that the White House can get Congress to reform it. Skills gap and student debt: Many employers say jobs are going begging, but workers lack the skills to fill them. The mismatch between skills and job openings is becoming a major barrier to growth, with more than 5 million jobs going unfilled today. At the same time, Americans are carrying about $1.3 trillion in student debt, far more than anytime in history.']" != "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR:', "Stories: 1) Is Wall Street At Fault For Mortgage Meltdown? 2) Economy's Woes Mean Housing Crisis For Pets, Too"]"

Question: Corporate Governance

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Guest host John Nielsen talks to Professor Charles Elson, director of the Center for Corporate Governance at the University of Delaware, who believes that most companies in America operate honestly, but that some reforms are needed -- such as making boards and accounting firms more independent.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: The Armed Essential Birdwatcher

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Birdwatching is a pastime for many during the quarantine, but one birdwatcher is deemed essential, the one who scares birds off a giant toxic lake at a Superfund site in Montana.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Corporate Responsibility

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Disney's CEO Michael Eisner faces a shareholder revolt.  The CEOs of Enron, WorldCom and Tyco say they didn't know what was going on at their companies. All say they had the support of the board of directors. Join NPR's Neal Conan and his guests to discuss who's responsible  -- the CEO or its board members -- for a company's governance and bottom line.

   Guests:

   Kim Masters
  *NPR correspondent, covering the business of entertainment

  Nell Minow
  *Editor of the Corporate Library, a Web site that tracks corporate governance

   James Surowiecki
  *Staff Writer at  The New Yorker  magazine
  *Has a piece in the current issue called "Board Stiffs"
  *Author of forthcoming Wisdom of Crowds

      Bill George
  *Former CEO of Medtronic, a medical technology company
  *Sits on boards of Goldman Sachs, Novartis and Target
  *Author of  Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value

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Stories: 1) Overloaded Sewers Lead To 'Toxic Waters' 2) A Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Revisited


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Question: International Criminal Court

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Guests:

 Lee Casey
 * Partner, Law Firm of Baker & Hostettler (Washington, DC)
 * Former Attorney Advisor for Constitutional and International Law at the U. S. Department of Justice

  David Scheffer
 * Senior Vice President, the United Nations Association-USA
 * Former Ambassador at Large for War Crimes during the Clinton Administration

  Constance Stelzenmuller
 * Foreign Policy and Security Editor, DIE ZEIT (German newspaper)

  The United States has threatened to pull its peacekeepers from the international mission in Bosnia as early as next week. At issue? Immunity for US soldiers from a newly created International Criminal Court. What's behind the US objections? Can the court really work without US support? The US and the new war crimes court.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

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Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: International Criminal Court

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.\nIt¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]']>>  to "['Represent this', 'Fat Tuesday, California Style']"

NPR's Michele Kelemen reports that the world's first permanent war crimes tribunal came a step closer to reality today, despite opposition from the United States. At the U.N. today, 10 countries formally handed in papers for ratification of the Rome Treaty, establishing the court. Many lawmakers and Bush administration officials have voiced concern that an international tribunal might try American servicemen or women on politically motivated charges.


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Question: In Iowa, A Commitment To Make Prison Work Better For Women

The warden at the women's prison in Iowa recently instructed her corrections officers to stop giving out so many disciplinary tickets for minor violations of prison rules, like when a woman wears her sweatshirt inside out or rolls up her sleeves. It's a small thing. But it's also part of a growing movement to reconsider the way women are treated in prison. Called "gender-responsive corrections," the movement is built on a simple idea: that prison rules created to control men, particularly violent ones, often don't work well for women. That women come to prison with different histories from men — they're more likely to be victims of violence, for example — and they need different rules. Something as trivial as an inside-out shirt? That could signify a gang affiliation in a men's prison. In a women's prison, the inmates might just like how it looks. At the newly built Iowa Correctional Institution for Women, Warden Sheryl Dahm has endorsed the idea. Every corrections officer there is getting trained in these differences. "Having someone be authoritarian, or for lack of a better word, in power and controlling, is not what we want in here," Dahm said. Officers are being trained to listen to prisoners more, give them more freedom — about how they wear their clothing — and to discipline them less. Discipline is a focus of the new thinking because punishment designed for men often gets applied to women in unequal and harsh ways. That's the finding of an investigation by NPR and the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University. We found that women in prison are punished at significantly higher rates — often two to three times more often than men — for things that prisons classify as more minor violations of prison rules. We collected data from men's and women's prisons in 15 states and found that women are more likely than men to be punished for infractions like talking back to, disobeying or cursing at a corrections officer. Even citations for minor infractions can lead to significant punishments for women. They can get time added to their sentence or go to solitary confinement. They can lose privileges, including permission to see visitors or to use the phone. Those matter: Because women in prison, far more than men, are the caregiving parent for a minor child. "The punishment of women is more egregious than for men," says Kathy Tyler, a prisoner at the Iowa Correctional Institution for Women. And punishment for minor violations, she says, makes it hard for women to think they can change while in prison. "If you get disciplined, it insinuates that you're a bad person or that you're a rule breaker or you are not honorable." The policy about rolling up shirtsleeves or wearing a sweatshirt inside out is an example. "It's not gang related," said Dahm. "Women want to have control over how they look, about how they present themselves. ... Maybe she had a coffee stain." 'I Thought I'd Seen It All' Gender-responsive corrections is a concept that grew out of research into the paths women take to prison, and how those are generally different than for men. Many women come to prison for property and drug crimes. They commit fewer violent crimes than men and are less likely to use a gun. Additionally, some 75 to 90 percent of women in prison have been the victims of previous sexual or physical violence. Dr. Jerome Greenfield, who runs health services for all of Iowa's prisons, says prison officials often underestimate the level of abuse in the lives of women before they get to prison. He left a psychiatry practice in Des Moines several years ago to first work as a staff psychiatrist on the mental health ward at the women's prison. "Through the years of my practice, I thought I was a seasoned psychiatrist. I thought I'd seen it all," he says. But when he came to work at the women's prison, "that's when I really saw and heard traumatic stories that were just beyond belief," Greenfield says. "I saw patients that had been chained for months at a time in a basement. Sold as property. Victims of Satanic rituals. But it goes even beyond that, because then in their homes, they were, many of them, beaten to the point of having traumatic brain injuries." Many women coped, he says, by "using drugs at an early age. Methamphetamine. Heroin. Anything to dampen the anguish." And many developed serious mental illnesses. A large percentage of men in prison and jail have been diagnosed with mental health problems, but the percentage is even higher among incarcerated women. Still, in prison, women are less likely than men to be violent. Becki Ney, a pioneer of gender-responsive corrections, says the survival skills that help women outside prison walls may get them in trouble inside prison. When a corrections officer — especially if it's a man — gives a command in a harsh voice, or even grabs a woman, women are apt to react in a way that leads to discipline. "You may fight back. You may lash out. You may isolate. You may cut yourself,"

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Donations Roll In For Detroit Man Who Walks 21 Miles To Work

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It took just one newspaper article to change James Robertson's life. Last Sunday, the Detroit Free Press ran a front page story about the 56-year-old factory worker. It said every weekday for a decade, Robertson has left his house and walked more than 20 miles to and from his job in suburban Detroit. Robertson's car had broken down years before and so he made a long and lonely commute on foot in every kind of weather. Those tough days appear to be over. The newspaper article on Robertson's plight generated a huge outpouring of help and donations from people across the country. An online GoFundMe account, set up by a Wayne State university student, has brought in more than $300,000. Today, Roberston is due to pick up a new Ford Taurus, a gift from a local car dealership. But all this kindness and generosity worries Blake Pollack, a vice president of wealth management with UBS in the Detroit area. Pollack tells NPR he wants to make sure people don't take advantage of Robertson and his newfound wealth. Pollack was instrumental in bringing Robertson's situation to the newspaper's attention. He says he began offering the factory worker a lift about a year and a half ago — just every once in awhile when he happened to see him walking to work. The two men talked a lot, and Pollack learned more about him. He says what struck him about Robertson was he always "100 percent positive," and he didn't think walking for hours to and from work was a big deal. Pollack says he's excited that Robertson is getting what he calls well deserved recognition, but he's also concerned about his safety. He says he lives in "a horrible area" of town. He fears "there is a stupid person who will see James and think he has the $300,000 in his pocket." Robertson's story has sparked much discussion on the internet. Most people find his story inspirational, and admire his discipline and will power to walk every day to and from a job that pays $10.55 an hour. Others have responded negatively, and question the veracity of Robertson's story. Pollack has talked with the local police and the mayor's office about providing Robertson with security. Pollack says Robertson's employer — Schain Mold & Engineering in Rochester Hills — is also concerned about his safety. He's also organizing a team of community leaders, lawyers, accountants and investment specialists to help advise Robertson on how to handle his money. One of Robertson's new costs will be car insurance. Detroit has some of the highest insurance costs in the country. Pollack says they got quotes from insurance companies for a 2015 Ford Taurus. They come in at $933 a month.

Good morning, here is our early story: -- Syrians Head To Polls In An Election Expected To Go To Assad. And here are more early headlines: Obama Backing $1 Billion Fund To Boost U.S. Troops In Europe. (BBC) China Limits Google Ahead Of Tiananmen Anniversary. (Wall Street Journal) Ban On Protests For Missing Schoolgirls Declared In Nigeria. (CNN) Special U.S. Centers House Undocumented Children. (Los Angeles Times) I-495 Delaware Bridge Closed After 4 Tilting Pillars Discovered. (News-Journal) 11 Injured In Two Chicago Shootings, Including Two Teens. (Chicago Tribune) Worker "Sickout" Slows San Francisco Cable Car Service. (SF Gate) Hall Of Famer Dan Marino Sues NFL Over Concussions. (SI.com) Lost $50 Million Lotto Ticket Returned To Canadian Couple. (Prince George Citizen)


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Question: Corporate Responsibility

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Margot Adler talks with Mercedes Cardona, financial editor for Ad Age. She talks about why the majority of U.S. consumers don't want ads on the Sept. 11 anniversary, and the companies who have decided to advertise anyhow.

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Question: Marijuana's Health Effects? Top Scientists Weigh In

So far, more than half of all U.S. states have legalized marijuana for medical use, and eight (plus the District of Columbia) have legalized the drug for recreational use. Varieties of cannabis available today are more potent than ever and come in many forms, including oils and leaves that can be vaped, and lots of edibles, from brownies and cookies to candies — even cannabis gummy bears. A report published Thursday by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine analyzed more than 10,000 studies to see what could conclusively be said about the health effects of all this marijuana. And despite the drug's increasing popularity — a recent survey suggests about 22 million American adults have used the drug in the last month — conclusive evidence about its positive and negative medical effects is hard to come by, the researchers say. According to the report, that's at least partly because the federal drug enforcement agency's designation of the drug as a Schedule I substance — having "no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse" — entails so many restrictions that it has been difficult for researchers to do rigorous research on marijuana. We just need "far more information," Dr. Marie McCormick, chair of the NAS committee and professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, tells Shots. Some of the highlights of her committee's 337-page report on marijuana include: Medical Benefits  Pain relief Regarding chronic pain, there's evidence that patients who are treated with cannabis or cannabinoids "are more likely to experience a significant reduction in pain symptoms," the researchers say. More particularly, for adults with muscle spasms related to multiple sclerosis, there is "substantial evidence," they say, that short-term use of certain oral cannabinoids can improve symptoms. And for adults with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, "there is conclusive evidence" that certain oral cannabinoids are effective in preventing and treating those ailments.  Health Risks  Cancer There is no evidence that smoking marijuana increases the risk for cancers often associated with tobacco use, such as lung and head and neck cancers, the scientists report, adding that more research is needed to determine whether marijuana use is associated with heart attack and stroke. However, they say, "some evidence suggests smoking marijuana may trigger a heart attack among individuals with diagnosed heart disease." There's also some evidence that smoking marijuana during pregnancy is linked to lower birth weight in the offspring. Asthma and other chronic respiratory problems Evidence suggests that smoking marijuana on a regular basis is associated with more frequent chronic bronchitis and worse respiratory symptoms, such as chronic cough, the scientists say. But they add that it's unclear whether the drug increases the risk of developing asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mental health problems While the report notes some research suggesting that using marijuana might increase risk of developing schizophrenia or other social anxiety disorders, the committee of scientists cautions that there may be other explanations for that link; it could simply be, for example, that people with these mental health problems are more likely to smoke marijuana. Injury or death In terms of risk to life and limb, the NAS committee found that driving under the influence of cannabis "increases the risk of being involved in a motor vehicle accident." The report also cited evidence that increasing numbers of young children may be accidentally ingesting marijuana products now, particularly in states where cannabis use is legal. Substance abuse disorders Some parents worry that their teens' use of cannabis can cause problems, and the report was mixed in its conclusions on that. The evidence that marijuana is a gateway drug to trying other drugs, including tobacco, "is limited," the researchers say. But they found "moderate evidence" that there's a link between cannabis use and the development of substance dependence or abuse problems with alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. What's more, the evidence suggests that initiating marijuana use at a younger age, the researchers say, "increases the likelihood of developing dependency, which can affect academic performance and social interactions."  "The adolescent brain is very sensitive to these kinds of substances," McCormick says. "So they continue to use it — and may use it in increasing amounts — and are at risk for developing problematic cannabis use." Erik Altieri, who directs the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, says he thinks the legalization of marijuana by many states may actually reduce the problematic use of the drug by teens. "That's because we are taking marijuana off of the street corner," he says, "and out of the hands of drug dealers, who have nothing but incentive to sell to everyone and anyone." Legalizing the drug, he poi


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Question: U.K.'s Top Court Lifts Ban On Heathrow's Plans For 3rd Runway

Just half a year after climate activists won a big legal victory in the U.K. effectively blocking plans for a third runway at London's Heathrow Airport on environmental grounds, the country's highest court has turned the tables once more. The British Supreme Court on Wednesday overturned the appellate court decision, reopening the door to a significant — and controversial — expansion of one of the world's busiest international hubs. Previously, in the appellate court decision in February, judges found that the U.K. government had failed to mind the country's international climate commitments when developing plans for the third runway in its Airports National Policy Statement, or ANPS. The British government did not appeal that decision, but the company that operates the airport did. And on Wednesday, a panel of five justices unanimously agreed with Heathrow Airport Holdings, saying that — unlike the appellate court — they were satisfied with the considerations undertaken by government officials. "This is not a case in which the Secretary of State omitted to give any consideration to the Paris Agreement; nor is it one in which no weight was given to the Paris Agreement when the Secretary of State decided to issue the ANPS," the court found, referring to the 2015 Paris climate deal in which nearly 200 countries pledged to reduce their greenhouse emissions. "On the contrary, the Secretary of State took the Paris Agreement into account and ... he gave weight to it and ensured that those obligations would be brought into account in decisions to be taken under the framework established by the ANPS." The ruling represents a stinging reversal for climate activists, who had celebrated the February decision as a "hugely influential" landmark. Plan B, the climate-centric legal charity that helped bring the original legal challenge to the runway, protested that Wednesday's ruling "has betrayed us all." "The pandemic has reminded us of our subjection to natural laws," Plan B Director Tim Crosland said in a statement, which he posted one day before the official release of the ruling, breaking a news embargo in order to protest its "deep immorality." "The Paris Temperature Limit is all that divides us from a grim future of crisis upon crisis." Meanwhile on Wednesday, the company behind Heathrow lauded the judgment as "the right result for the country." "Only by expanding the UK's hub airport can we connect all of Britain to all of the growing markets of the world, helping to create hundreds of thousands of jobs in every nation and region of our country," a Heathrow spokesperson said in a statement. "Heathrow has already committed to net zero," the spokesperson added, "and this ruling recognises the robust planning process that will require us to prove expansion is compliant with the UK's climate change obligations, including the Paris Climate Agreement, before construction can begin." Now, the judgment does not ensure that a third runway will, in fact, be built. The coronavirus pandemic has sent the aviation industry reeling, severely diminishing passenger demand and potentially setting Heathrow's expansion plans back by at least five years. Climate activists have also vowed to continue to challenge the plans in court at every step of the proposed development — and their cause has got the support of one prominent local politician. "This decision to allow Heathrow Airport a third runway will have a damaging impact on air quality, noise and London's ability to achieve net-zero carbon by 2030," Sadiq Khan, mayor of the British capital, said in the wake of the Supreme Court ruling. "I urge Heathrow to drop these damaging plans and work with us on a cleaner, greener recovery."

Good morning, here are the stories we're following today: Anti-U.S. Protests Spread; Attack Against U.S. Embassy In Yemen. (AP) Hints Of Progress In Chicago Teachers' Strike. (AP) Federal Reserve Ends Policy Meeting; Investors Wait For News On Possible Stimulus Action. (Wall Street Journal) Dutch Voters Back Pro-European Prime Minister; Centrist Leader To Form New Government. (Reuters) New U.N. Peace Envoy Arrives In Damascus, Syria. (Voice Of America) Cambodian Special Court Deems Khmer Rouge 'First Lady' Too Sick To Face Genocide Trial. (CNN) New York City Officials To Vote On Plan Reducing Super-Sized Sodas. (NBC New York) New Apple Smartphone Could Become Fastest Selling Tech Device Ever. (Businessweek) Atlantic Tropical Storm Nadine Close To Hurricane Strength, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center) New Species Of Monkey Discovered In Democratic Republic Of Congo. (Telegraph)


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Question: International Space Station

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NPR's Joe Palca reports that NASA is going to ask for millions of dollars to keep the Russians in the International Space Station collaboration. But some members of Congress say they are tired of raising the ante to keep the Russians in. And Russia's commercial rocket-maker, Energiya, suggests that the U.S. should simply drop its dealings with the Russian government and just contract directly with them.


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

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The unanticipated strong showing of John Edwards in the Wisconsin primary has given new life to the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination.  Okay, so he may have lost the state by 40,000 votes, and he may still be only one-for-17.  But in a race that seemed to be heading in an utterly predictable direction, it was a reminder that maybe -- just maybe -- there's some life to this contest yet. Still, the odds are not exactly stacked in Edwards' favor.  History, as well as the compressed calendar, argues against his dislodging John Kerry.    And while the purpose here is not to write anyone's political obituary just yet, the plain fact is that if Edwards doesn't do especially well on Super Tuesday, March 2 -- when 10 states' delegates are up for grabs -- there will be the inevitable questions of how long will he (or can he) stay in the race. These will not be insignificant questions.  John Edwards has bet the house on this race -- or should I say the Senate (he is giving up his Senate seat in his quest).  But if he falls short of the presidential nomination, then how long he stays in the race could make a difference.  For if he is eyeing the number two slot on a Kerry ticket, as many people think (see my colleague Ron Elving's Feb. 16 column on this topic), he knows that how long he yaps at Kerry's heels could affect his chances. As Edwards weighs his options, and his timing, it might be instructive to look at the decision-making process of some candidates from the past. Of course, it's pretty rare for rivals for the nomination to wind up on the same ticket.  The last time it happened was in 1980, with Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.  Bush had upset Reagan in the Iowa caucuses that year, but was never able to capitalize on it.  Reagan beat him in New Hampshire, and in the South, and was clearly headed for the nomination.  Bush managed some wins -- such as in Connecticut and Pennsylvania -- but the pressure on him to withdraw was intense.  Ironically, Bush ended his candidacy just days after he won his most impressive primary win of the year -- a nearly 2-1 victory over Reagan in Michigan in late May.  But by then the numbers showed Reagan impossible to stop.  So Bush announced that he would no longer compete for delegates and would go to the national convention that summer and urge his delegates to back Reagan.  While Bush did give Reagan some fits during his bid for the nomination -- who could forget the "voodoo economics" charge? -- it never got ugly or personal, and Bush ended his bid with grace and before any real damage was done.  A few months later, Bush was the surprise choice as Reagan's running mate. A different scenario was taking place on the Democratic side that year.  Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts launched a bid to deny President Jimmy Carter his party's nomination.  Kennedy was thought to have a fair shot at accomplishing the feat, but once 51 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran, party voters rallied behind the president.  Like Bush, Kennedy did manage to win a few key contests along the way, like New York and Pennsylvania.  But Carter had an overwhelming lead in delegates.  On the last day of the primary season, Kennedy beat Carter in five of the eight states up for grabs, including California and New Jersey.  But Carter won Ohio, and by doing so clinched for all intents and purposes the nomination.  Kennedy could have withdrawn his candidacy on that day in early June, but did not.  He fought all the way to the convention.  The Democratic Party platform had so many concessions to the Kennedy camp that Carter himself was lukewarm about it.  And though Carter won renomination with little trouble, it was hardly the kind of send-off he hoped for. On stage with the president and Vice President Mondale at Madison Square Garden on that final day, Kennedy was stiff and aloof, showing no warmth for the man who would be leading his party in the general election.  He had his say -- with a memorable "The Dream Shall Never Die" speech -- and bowed out of the race.  But he withdrew much later than the Carter camp would have liked, with none of the graciousness that George Bush showed months prior.  And it was a dispirited Democratic Party that went down to defeat in November. Kennedy, of course, was not angling for a spot on the ticket that year, and his dislike for Carter was so strong that it may not have mattered to him what effect he had on party unity.  John Edwards' battle against John Kerry does not carry -- at least not at this point -- that personal animus.  Another difference between then and now is that in 1980, the battle for the nomination went on through June.  Now, with the front-loading of the primaries and caucuses, 75 percent of the delegates will be chosen by early March.  The quest for unity can be realized well before the convention opens. By the way, the last time a Democratic convention chose a ticket comprised of two who battled eac

Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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International Space Station

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NPR's Michele Kelemen reports from Kazakstan that a Russian Proton booster rocket lifted off from a launch-pad in Kazakstan today, carrying the first part of the new international space station into orbit.


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Question: International Space Station

NPR's Richard Harris reports that the international space station may be back on track again. Several weeks ago, there were reports that Russia had run out of cash for the effort, setting back the project for nearly a year. Now it appears that Russia is pouring money back into the effort.

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Question: Episode 473: Top Of The Charts (Econ Remix)

Three ways of describing today's show: 1. A Mashup Of Planet Money and American Top 40. 2. An econ summer mixtape. 3. How the top three songs in America explain the crazy transformation in the music business. (Those three songs by the way, are by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, Justin Timberlake and Icona Pop. They come from last week's America's Top 40.) Music: Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines [feat. T.I., Pharrell]," Justin Timberlake's "Mirrors," 'N Sync's "Bye Bye Bye," Mariah Carey's "#Beautiful [feat. Miguel]," Iconapop's "I Love It (feat. Charli XCX)," Herb Alpert's "Rise," Snow Patrol's "Chasing Cars," Macklemore & Ryan Lewis's "Can't Hold Us [feat. Ray Dalton]," Florida Georgia Line's "Cruise" and "Cruise [feat. Nelly]," and Daft Punk's "Get Lucky [feat. Pharrell]." Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Spotify / Tumblr. Download the Planet Money iPhone App. And here's your mixtape. ROBERT SMITH, HOST:  Well, it is summer. ZOE CHACE, HOST:  Yeah, man. It's hot. SMITH: So turn the radio up. Let's do this thing. (SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "AMERICAN TOP 40 WITH RYAN SEACREST") SWAY CALLOWAY: It's going to happen. UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: Stand-by playback. UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Five, four, three... UNIDENTIFIED MAN #3: The feed (ph) is coming down. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: To graphic. UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: ...Two, one. SMITH: This is PLANET MONEY, live from... (SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "AMERICAN TOP 40 WITH RYAN SEACREST") UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, Miami, Sydney, Toronto, Tokyo, Beijing, Calgary, London, Barbados, Mexico, Trinidad... SMITH: This is going to go on forever. CHACE: It's amazing. (SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "AMERICAN TOP 40 WITH RYAN SEACREST") UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: Singapore, Sri Lanka, Montreal, Brisbane, Shanghai, India, Lebanon, Jordan. This is where life and music converge. SMITH: This is Robert Smith. CHACE: Hey, this is Zoe Chace. (SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "AMERICAN TOP 40 WITH RYAN SEACREST") TAYLOR SWIFT: Hey, this is Taylor Swift. MADONNA: This is Madonna. ROBERT PATTINSON: This is Robert Pattinson. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: From the entertainment capital of the world... LADY GAGA: Hollywood, Calif. This is Lady Gaga. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: This is... MADONNA: You're listening to "American Top 40." LADY GAGA: Hosted by my boy... MADONNA: Ryan Seacrest. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: Ryan Seacrest. SMITH: And us. CHACE: Mostly us. SMITH: Mostly us. CHACE: We have something special for you on the show today. It is an economics summer mixtape. It is a mash-up of PLANET MONEY and "America's Top 40." So on the show, we'll take a tour through the changing landscape of the commercial music industry as seen in the Billboard Hot 100. SMITH: Yeah. We'll show you how the top of the charts looks very different than it has in the past and tell you the story of a music industry that is totally fractured, where old rules no longer apply. CHACE: All this and lots of tunes you can crank up on your way to the beach. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "BLURRED LINES") PHARRELL WILLIAMS: Everybody get up. Woo. Everybody get up. SMITH: Zoe, I was listening to commercial radio this weekend and there's a show that's been on the air forever on pop music stations called "American Top 40." It used to be hosted by Casey Kasem - now Ryan Seacrest. And we're going to play just a little bit of this because it's a perfect example of how today's Top 40 radio is different from the days of yore. (SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "AMERICAN TOP 40 WITH RYAN SEACREST") RYAN SEACREST: Let's talk about numbers. Three, two and one, last time we met, looked like this. At number three, Icona Pop, Charli and XCX with "I Love It." (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "I LOVE IT") ICONA POP AND CHARLI XCX: (Singing) I love it. SEACREST: Number two. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "MIRRORS") JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE: (Singing) It's like you're my mirror. SEACREST: "Mirrors" - Justin Timberlake. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "CAN'T HOLD US") RYAN LEWIS: (Singing) So we put our hands like the ceiling can't hold us. SEACREST: And on top - number one - "Can't Hold Us," Macklemore, Ryan Lewis and Ray Dalton. UNIDENTIFIED MAN #4: The battle is on. CHACE: The battle is on. And those are three pretty great songs. They also are three very different ways to the top of the charts. One moved up the traditional way. The other two, you might not have seen them at all in the old days of pop music. And your position on these charts is determined by all sorts of things these days. "American Top 40" - they do it by listener requests. Billboard has this, you know, equation they use. Sales, radio play, streaming sites, even YouTube views are thrown into this calculation. They add them all up and see who's number one. SMITH: Now, our guide today to this world is Chris Molanphy. He's a journalist who covers the Billboard charts for NPR Music and other outlets. And he's been looking into all of the strange things happening in pop music this summer. CHACE: And he knows his stuff. SMITH: Are you one of those guys that if I sa

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Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: International Space Station

Guests: Marcia Smith Specialist in Aerospace Policy, Congressional Research Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C.  Robert Park Director of the Washington D.C. Office American Physical Society Professor of Physics  University of Maryland College Park, Maryland  John-David Bartoe Research Manager for the International Space Station  NASA's Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas  It's been called the "world's biggest science project," but after 20 billion dollars and more than ten years, the future of NASA's International Space Station is still up in the air. Will bailouts make the station fly? Or are we just throwing good money after bad? In this hour, we'll have a debate on the international space station.


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Question: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

owie Movshovitz of Colorado Public Radio has this profile of filmmaker Ang Lee. Lee, a native of Taiwan, has earned a reputation for finding the essence of human experience in his subjects, no matter what their origin. Unlike his period pieces in previous films, "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon," is a Hong Kong action picture.

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Stories: 1) Actor Paul Rudd, Rewriting the Commandments 2) Massacre's 'Lonely Heart,' Claudia Quintet's 'For'


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J


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Question: State of the Union Address

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Forum assesses President Bush's State of the Union address.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Edward Snowden: 'Speaking The Truth Is Not A Crime'

Just shortly after Germany showed interest in talking to Edward Snowden, the former NSA contractor met with a veteran member of the German parliament. Hans-Christian Ströbele said Snowden was willing to talk to testify before the parliament about U.S. surveillance, but he first wanted to testify before the American Congress. The New York Times reports Ströbele brought back a letter from Snowden, which he showed to the press. In the letter, Snowden asks the United States to stop treating him like a traitor. "Though the outcome of my efforts has been demonstrably positive, my government continues to treat dissent as defection, and seeks to criminalize political speech with felony charges that provide no defense," wrote Snowden. "However, speaking the truth is not a crime." Snowden's leaks have shed light on some of the U.S. government's most secret programs. They have revealed that the United States' National Security Agency has collected vast amount of information on the electronic activity of Americans and it has revealed that the NSA has spied on millions of foreigners including the leaders of Germany, Mexico and Brazil. CBS News reports:  "In Washington, State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki would not respond directly to Snowden's appeal, but said the U.S. position 'has not changed.' "'Despite recent reports or recent pronouncements from Mr. Snowden, as we've stated many times before, he's accused of leaking classified information, faces felony charges here in the United States and we believe he should be returned as soon as possible, where he will be accorded full due process and protections applicable under U.S. law,' Psaki said. "Snowden's father, Lon Snowden, who recently visited his son in Russia and continues to communicate with him, told The Associated Press on Friday that Snowden will not travel to Germany to talk to authorities as long as the U.S. charges remain in place. "'If they want to understand my son's position about Germany, read his letter. It's pretty clear. He is not going to Germany to testify as long as he is indicted by the United States and their position is what it is,' the elder Snowden said, adding that his son would prefer to testify before Congress anyway."

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Dozens Killed By Suicide Bomber In Yemen. -- Pakistan Threatens To Overshadow NATO Summit. -- Eclipse Of The Sun: Did You Fall Into The Ring Of Fire's Path? -- Let's Remember Robin Gibb By Saying It: Bee Gees' Disco Years Were Great. Other stories in the news: -- "White House Visitor Logs Provide Window Into Lobbying Industry," Lobbyists Are "Regular Presence." (The Washington Post) -- "Lockerbie Bomber To Be Buried, Controversy Lives On." (Agence France Presse) -- "Strauss-Kahn Faces 'Gang Rape' Inquiry." (BBC News) -- "Chen Guangcheng's Family And Friends 'Still At Risk' In China." (The Guardian)


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Question: State of the Union Address

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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

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Question: State of the Union Address

Host Bob Edwards talks with Peter Robinson, a former speechwriter for President Reagan. He is now a research fellow at the Hoover Institution, where he writes about business and politics, edits Hoover's quarterly journal, Hoover Digest. They'll discuss the State of the Union, and how President Bush's address will be crafted.

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Question: Why Does Time Fly By As You Get Older?

Yes, we all get older. But now, getting older has become a video fetish; all kinds of people take pictures of themselves every day for six, seven, eight years and then blend the images together into a ... well, if you've missed the Web craze, Homer Simpson's "Every Day" is a perfect catcher-upper. Not only can you see Homer switching jobs (cavalryman, Indian, king, infantryman, fisherman, fireman), you watch his body grow, swell, swag. As with all things Simpson, the physical changes are dramatic. But what these videos don't show are the psychological changes, and one of the most universal changes is that as humans age, they change the way they feel about time. Read More Faster And Faster And Faster As people get older, "they just have this sense, this feeling that time is going faster than they are," says Warren Meck, a psychology professor at Duke University. This seems to be true across cultures, across time, all over the world. No one is sure where this feeling comes from. Scientists have theories, of course, and one of them is that when you experience something for the very first time, more details, more information gets stored in your memory. Think about your first kiss. Neuroscientist David Eagleman of Baylor College of Medicine says that since the touch of the lips, the excitement, the taste, the smell — everything about this moment is novel — you aren't embroidering a bank of previous experiences, you are starting fresh. Have you noticed, he says, that when you recall your first kisses, early birthdays, your earliest summer vacations, they seem to be in slow motion? "I know when I look back on a childhood summer, it seems to have lasted forever," he says. That's because when it's the "first", there are so many things to remember. The list of encoded memories is so dense, reading them back gives you a feeling that they must have taken forever. But that's an illusion. "It's a construction of the brain," says Eagleman. "The more memory you have of something, you think, 'Wow, that really took a long time!' "Of course, you can see this in everyday life," says Eagleman, "when you drive to your new workplace for the first time and it seems to take a really long time to get there. But when you drive back and forth to your work every day after that, it takes no time at all, because you're not really writing it down anymore. There's nothing novel about it." That may be because the brain records new experiences — especially novel and exciting experiences — differently. This is even measurable. Eagleman's lab has found that brains use more energy to represent a memory when the memory is novel. So, first memories are dense. The routines of later life are sketchy. The past wasn't really slower than the present. It just feels that way. There are all kinds of arguments one could have with this theory, but before we poke it, we want you to feel it. Here's a celebration of dense early memories from a very recently departed (not to heaven, just back to California) intern at NPR, Maggie Starbard. With a bunch of friends (Caitlin Fitch, Mark Turner and Mike Eckelkamp), Maggie decided to dwell on a lazy beach where kids are collecting dense memories by the truckload: Now for the pokes. Who said that novel experiences belong exclusively to the young? Older people have novel experiences — lots of them. Some of us have crazier middle ages than youths. We fall in love, out of love. Then our parenting years are filled with watching our babies' first thises, first thats. Retired people travel — if they can afford to — to duplicate some of those rushes of novel experiences. Yes, it's true, the youngest years are chock full of novelty, but Duke's Warren Meck points out that when you hit your 60s and 70s, and time is beginning to run out, experiences get more precious and once again you remember all the details. So take this "novelty" explanation for why time moves faster as you age and weigh it as you will. Other theories may prove more satisfying. Professors Meck and Eagleman explore a number of them on our All Things Considered broadcast. If you wish to hear the "Aging Brain" theory of why time goes faster, or the "How Long Have You Been Alive?" explanation, they await you at the top of this page, where the button says "Listen." Special thanks to Dan Madorsky for sound design on the radio story. Warren Meck's work has been featured on the BBC documentaries The Body Clock (1999) and Time (2006). Jay Ingram's essay "Time Passes Faster" (which helped me think through the radio story) is included in a collection called The Velocity of Honey published in 2003. David Eagleman directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. His new novel, Sum, has been featured on NPR/WNYC's Radiolab.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

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Question: Separation of Church and State

A ruling from the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has declared the 'under God' part of the Pledge of Allegiance as unconstitutional. In another ruling, the Supreme Court said parents in Cleveland who have children in troubled public schools and want to place them in private schools as a way of improving their educational options may use vouchers. Karen Grigsby Bates speaks with Jay Sekulow, chief counsel for the American Center for Law and Justice and Elliott Minchberg, co-counsel in the Cleveland voucher case and vice president of the People for the American Way Foundation.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: Push To Change Custody Laws: What's Best For Kids?

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Fathers today spend more time than ever with their kids, experiencing just as much stress as women in balancing work and family, if not more. But when couples divorce and a custody dispute hits the courts, too many judges award custody to Mom, according to fathers' rights groups. Ned Holstein, head of the National Parents Organization, formerly called Fathers and Families, says research shows that children do better academically and emotionally when they see a lot of each parent. "We believe family courts are actively hurting kids" by not awarding joint custody more often, says Holstein. The best legislation, he says, favors joint custody, so long as both parents are fit and there's been no domestic violence. Lawmakers in Arizona, Arkansas, Florida and Minnesota have passed measures favoring more equally shared custody, though governors vetoed the last two. Other states have introduced legislation, while some have created a task force to study the issue. A task force in Connecticut recently rejected such a change in custody law; one in Maryland will issue its report later this year. For Holstein, it boils down to equal rights for fathers in an era of converging gender roles, but he has faced a lot of resistance. "It gets blocked time after time in legislatures because there are groups that don't want it to happen," he says. Until recently, the State Bar of South Dakota was one of those groups. "The bar's concern was that the individual parent's interest trumped that of the children," says Thomas Barnett, executive director of the Bar. If the parents live far apart or children have a slew of after-school activities, dictating a 50-50 split could be a logistical nightmare, he says. What's more, joint custody means that divorced parents see each other more often. If they don't get along well, that could result in trouble. After blocking legislation for several years, Barnett decided to work out a compromise. Legislation passed the South Dakota Senate unanimously this year and is now in the House. One major change dropped the legal presumption of joint custody, but the bill does call on judges to consider it and lays out a series of factors to weigh, including the logistics of a joint arrangement and how parents treat each other in the child's presence. "What that bill is telling the parents is, you need to get along for the benefit of the children," Barnett says. "If one of them is a bad actor, that's going to be held against them, as it ought to be." Most divorcing couples never land in court, and many agree to a joint custody arrangement among themselves. But when it comes to disputed claims, many family lawyers say each situation should be sorted out case by case. "The younger the child, the more in sync you have to be on how they should be raised," says Maria Cognetti, who practices family law in Pennsylvania and heads the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. Research shows that younger children especially need stability, she says. Cognetti was in court recently with a client, a father who wants shared custody. The mother told the judge that the child goes to bed by 9 or 10 p.m., but that the father lets him stay up until 1 a.m. "I grabbed my client out in the hallway and I said, 'Please tell me you're not doing that,' " she says. Cognetti represents a lot of dads, and even without changing the law, she finds courts are much more open to granting equal custody. "A good dad wins," she says. "So if what you're trying to do is help bad dads win, I can't help you." But Ned Holstein of the parents' organization says plenty of good dads don't get a fair shake in court. He likens the struggle to other long-term movements for social change. "This history goes like this," he says. "Defeat, defeat, defeat. Victory."

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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'['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Memo To The Rest of You...']' == '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿\n\nThe March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]']' != '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...\xa0 Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro"]'

Question: Presidential Campaign Update

Liane talks with NPR's Senior Washington Editor Ron Elving about some new twists in the presidential race. Longtime Republican stalwart Pat Buchanan is expected to announce Monday his defection to Ross Perot's Reform Party. Buchanan is likely to seek the Reform Party's nomination for President. That will impact Republican frontrunner George W. Bush, as will the exit from the race of Elizabeth Dole.

School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

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The unanticipated strong showing of John Edwards in the Wisconsin primary has given new life to the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination.  Okay, so he may have lost the state by 40,000 votes, and he may still be only one-for-17.  But in a race that seemed to be heading in an utterly predictable direction, it was a reminder that maybe -- just maybe -- there's some life to this contest yet. Still, the odds are not exactly stacked in Edwards' favor.  History, as well as the compressed calendar, argues against his dislodging John Kerry.    And while the purpose here is not to write anyone's political obituary just yet, the plain fact is that if Edwards doesn't do especially well on Super Tuesday, March 2 -- when 10 states' delegates are up for grabs -- there will be the inevitable questions of how long will he (or can he) stay in the race. These will not be insignificant questions.  John Edwards has bet the house on this race -- or should I say the Senate (he is giving up his Senate seat in his quest).  But if he falls short of the presidential nomination, then how long he stays in the race could make a difference.  For if he is eyeing the number two slot on a Kerry ticket, as many people think (see my colleague Ron Elving's Feb. 16 column on this topic), he knows that how long he yaps at Kerry's heels could affect his chances. As Edwards weighs his options, and his timing, it might be instructive to look at the decision-making process of some candidates from the past. Of course, it's pretty rare for rivals for the nomination to wind up on the same ticket.  The last time it happened was in 1980, with Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.  Bush had upset Reagan in the Iowa caucuses that year, but was never able to capitalize on it.  Reagan beat him in New Hampshire, and in the South, and was clearly headed for the nomination.  Bush managed some wins -- such as in Connecticut and Pennsylvania -- but the pressure on him to withdraw was intense.  Ironically, Bush ended his candidacy just days after he won his most impressive primary win of the year -- a nearly 2-1 victory over Reagan in Michigan in late May.  But by then the numbers showed Reagan impossible to stop.  So Bush announced that he would no longer compete for delegates and would go to the national convention that summer and urge his delegates to back Reagan.  While Bush did give Reagan some fits during his bid for the nomination -- who could forget the "voodoo economics" charge? -- it never got ugly or personal, and Bush ended his bid with grace and before any real damage was done.  A few months later, Bush was the surprise choice as Reagan's running mate. A different scenario was taking place on the Democratic side that year.  Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts launched a bid to deny President Jimmy Carter his party's nomination.  Kennedy was thought to have a fair shot at accomplishing the feat, but once 51 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran, party voters rallied behind the president.  Like Bush, Kennedy did manage to win a few key contests along the way, like New York and Pennsylvania.  But Carter had an overwhelming lead in delegates.  On the last day of the primary season, Kennedy beat Carter in five of the eight states up for grabs, including California and New Jersey.  But Carter won Ohio, and by doing so clinched for all intents and purposes the nomination.  Kennedy could have withdrawn his candidacy on that day in early June, but did not.  He fought all the way to the convention.  The Democratic Party platform had so many concessions to the Kennedy camp that Carter himself was lukewarm about it.  And though Carter won renomination with little trouble, it was hardly the kind of send-off he hoped for. On stage with the president and Vice President Mondale at Madison Square Garden on that final day, Kennedy was stiff and aloof, showing no warmth for the man who would be leading his party in the general election.  He had his say -- with a memorable "The Dream Shall Never Die" speech -- and bowed out of the race.  But he withdrew much later than the Carter camp would have liked, with none of the graciousness that George Bush showed months prior.  And it was a dispirited Democratic Party that went down to defeat in November. Kennedy, of course, was not angling for a spot on the ticket that year, and his dislike for Carter was so strong that it may not have mattered to him what effect he had on party unity.  John Edwards' battle against John Kerry does not carry -- at least not at this point -- that personal animus.  Another difference between then and now is that in 1980, the battle for the nomination went on through June.  Now, with the front-loading of the primaries and caucuses, 75 percent of the delegates will be chosen by early March.  The quest for unity can be realized well before the convention opens. By the way, the last time a Democratic convention chose a ticket comprised of two who battled eac

Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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Question: As The Obama Glow Fades, South Carolina's Black Voters Aren't Firing Back Up

Anton Gunn was a former college football player working as a community organizer in South Carolina when he first met that other community organizer — now known as President Obama. Gunn was instantly impressed, so much so that when he heard that the former U.S. senator from Illinois was thinking of running for president, he cold-called Obama and told him he would work to get him elected. "He was a black man running for president, and as a black man, I just was inspired by that," Gunn said. He had never worked in national politics. He joined the Obama campaign and became Obama's South Carolina political director. Later, he ran for local office himself and then joined the Obama administration. These days, though, Gunn is not excited by presidential politics — and he's not alone. In 2008 and 2012, African-Americans turned out to vote in record numbers for President Obama. But now many black voters in the early voting state of South Carolina say there isn't the same devotion to any 2016 candidate. Of the two dozen or so black voters NPR spoke with recently in the state, all but one or two said they supported Hillary Clinton. But their support is not enthusiastic — and without enthusiasm, Democrats could struggle to make those high turnout numbers stick. This time around "it's all about 'gotcha,' " Gunn said. "Or, it's the angry people running for president. I mean, I hear the clips of Donald Trump, and I hear the clips of Bernie Sanders, they just sound angry to me." Gunn says he misses Obama's real talk and called this campaign "scripted and contrived." "Nobody shares the authenticity that I heard in Barack Obama's voice," he said. Some voters admit there's a lack of momentum because there's no black candidate running in the Democratic primary (an overwhelming majority of black voters in South Carolina, and across the country, voted Democrat in recent elections). But for others, the political apathy is deeper; they say the way the first black president was treated left them with a sour taste for politics. They point to instances such as monkey caricatures or questions over Obama's citizenship in which they felt the president was disrespected and "dehumanized" because of his race. Charleston City Council member Keith Waring says there was an energy for Obama that he had never experienced. "I gave a number of times financially and we asked others to give," he said. "I had never done that before for any presidential candidate before in my life." In his office, 60-year-old Waring keeps a framed copy of the front page newspaper the day after Obama was first elected in 2008. "I guess, maybe we want another Barack Obama," Waring said wistfully. "And there's just not another one out there." Getting 'Down In The Trenches' For a lot of young black voters, there's a similar sense of disillusionment with presidential politics. It's tied more to recent attention on police-involved deaths of unarmed black men than to the vanishing Obama "glow." In recent months, both Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton were interrupted by young black activists. Bree Maxwell, the 31-year-old president of the Young Democrats of South Carolina, stood under the awning of a coffee shop just a couple of blocks from the state capitol grounds in Columbia where the Confederate flag infamously flew for more than half a century. It's a symbolic place to chat about politics, given what's on her mind these days. Maxwell said she wants the presidential candidates to be more specific about what they will do to improve racial inequality. "I need a better clear-cut definition on what you're gonna do for the black lives matter movement, 'cause people aren't protesting for nothing," she said. Maxwell wants policy details from the candidates, but she also wants empathy. "You can't just be on these national platforms, come up with these elaborate ideas without actually being down in the trenches talking to the people it has affected," Maxwell said. "Like go talk to these families that had to suffer with police brutality, spend a day with them to understand exactly what they have to deal with, spend a day with these black males that can't get jobs, spend a day with these African-American females that [get] discriminated against as well." Maxwell's frustration that she's not hearing enough about issues that affect her is common among black voters. Some want the next president to focus on the high level of black male unemployment. Others, like 33-year-old Tiffany James, a Hillary Clinton supporter, point to the need for prison reform. "Personally, I would want her to go as far as supporting reparations," James said, outlining her ideal proposal around racial justice. "I don't think it's a check that should be mailed to everybody. For me, free college for African-Americans would suffice." 'Do Black Voters Believe Any Of These People?' No presidential candidate is discussing reparations, but every Democrat has some iteration of a racial justice platform. Clinton, for

Good morning. Sorry we're late with the roundup. We've had quite a few things to post about already today, as you can see: -- Before Obama's Plan Is Out, NRA Calls Him An 'Elitist Hypocrite' -- Inflation Rate Slowed Sharply In 2012; Prices Were Flat In December -- UPDATE: 'Turmoil' For Many Parents As NYC School Bus Drivers Strike -- Fireball, Panic As Helicopter Crashes In London -- Blast Rocks Kabul; Dozens Wounded, Attackers Killed -- Interior Sec. Salazar Is Latest Member Of Cabinet To Announce Departure Among the other stories making headlines: -- "French Troops Move North As Mali Rebels Dig In." (The New York Times) -- "Islamists Attack Algerian Gas Feld, Kill, Kidnap Foreigners." (Reuters) -- Former South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford (R) Announces Bid For Congress. (The State) -- Top Japan Airlines Ground Boeing 787 Dreamliners. (BBC News) -- With Confession, Lance Armstrong Is Hoping To Reduce Lifetime Ban From Competition And Head Off A Lawsuit That Could Cost Him Nearly $100 Million. (The Washington Post)


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What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J


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Question: North Korea Makes A Push To Reach Foreign Audiences On YouTube And Twitter

Updated at 11:30 a.m. ET To the accompaniment of jangly guitars, a woman wearing glasses, short hair and a red overcoat shows off the landmarks of the North Korean capital, Pyongyang. "Every building in Pyongyang is going through general cleaning to shake off winter dust," she says in English in a recent YouTube video. In another video, the same woman, named Un A, is wearing a tracksuit and sneakers as she jogs along the capital's Taedong River on her day off. "Today I'm going to show you what Korean people do in their free time, OK?" she says. "I would say the most popular way of spending time for us is doing sports ... like basketball, volleyball, table tennis." Conspicuously missing from her attire is the lapel pin North Koreans usually wear in public, showing the country's ruling Kim family patriarchs. Never mind that most North Koreans can't access the Internet. In line with a new effort to give its stolid state propaganda a makeover and reach out to foreign audiences, North Korea has established a foothold in Western social media via videos like these on YouTube and on Twitter. Who exactly is making and disseminating the videos on various YouTube channels is unclear. The channel featuring Un A is called "Echo of Truth," with 23,000 subscribers. It has put out a couple dozen episodes, variously titled "What's Up Pyongyang" and "Pyongyang Tour Series," since last year. The site says the channel was created in 2017. While one of the videos touts the prowess of the "invincible Korean People's Army," most focus on consumer and lifestyle topics. One shows Un A discussing the benefits of North Korean brass tableware; another shows her screaming on amusement park rides. The channel links to a Twitter account with the handle @coldnoodlefan (cold noodles are a popular food in both Koreas). The bio below the picture of Un A describes the account, with some 8,600 followers, as that of a "peace advocate" offering "unbiased news" on North Korea. As of late Wednesday morning, Twitter had labeled the account "temporarily restricted," with a warning of "unusual activity," although users could still click through to the content. Some reports outside North Korea have said these YouTube and Twitter accounts are linked to state-run or state-affiliated North Korean media. While this is hard to confirm, analysts believe it's unlikely the videos are made by ordinary North Koreans. "I think that there is some sort of backing by the regime for this to be possible," says Rachel Minyoung Lee, a former North Korea analyst for the U.S. government. "But, of course, that is not to say that this is state-run." Lee says the use of Western social media is a new twist to a nearly two-decade North Korean strategy of using the Internet to shape foreign perceptions of the country. Until now, that strategy has relied on traditional, state-run media. The regime aims to dispel the notion that "it's a poor, destitute country run by a dictator," she says, "and that they don't have the freedom to do anything." In multiple episodes this spring, Un A set out to debunk foreign news reports that COVID-19 had triggered a wave of panic-buying in the capital. At a modern-looking supermarket, shoppers and clerks show her shelves full of snacks, disinfectants and toilet paper. "As you can see," Un tells viewers in English, "all the shops are fully stocked with products and food to meet the people's demands." Other videos target a South Korean audience. North Korean websites are blocked in the South, because of security laws, but YouTube is not. One episode, narrated in Korean on the "New DPRK" YouTube channel, takes viewers inside the well-appointed apartment of a middle-class Pyongyang family. The mother, in a trench coat, unpacks from a shopping trip, as her husband and little girl sit alongside her on a leather sofa. She gives her daughter new shoes, clothing, a Pine brand backpack and pencil case, and Dandelion brand notebooks. Asked by her mother what she will do to deserve all the merchandise, the girl gushes: "I will make the commander happy," referring to leader Kim Jong Un. Since taking power in 2011, Kim has emphasized raising North Koreans' living standards. He has pushed state factories to make goods that people actually want to buy, including those by the Pine and Dandelion brands. "I think that [North Korean leaders] understand that there is a desire, inherent desire in in the people to want better things," says Lee. In a related trend, North Korea's government has pushed the country's journalists to produce better propaganda that doesn't insult people's intelligence. It is a de facto admission that, as foreign media content seeps into the country via bootlegged, smuggled videos or memory cards and South Korean radio broadcasts, consumers have other choices of what to watch, listen to and read. North Korean authorities still warn of harmful foreign cultural influences. But consumerism is no longer taboo. Wealthy entrepreneurs called donju a

Good morning - here are our early stories: -- 2 Million Syrians Are Now Refugees And More Are 'On The Way.' -- For Microsoft, Nokia's Phones Are 'Key To Everything'. And here are more early headlines: Administration Officials Start Pressing Congress On Syria. (CBS) Israel Conducts Missile Test In Mediterranean Sea. (Reuters) Brazil, Mexico Ask Whether U.S. Spied On Their Leaders. (Los Angeles Times) Vodafone Sells Verizon Wireless For $130 Billion. (USA Today) Microsoft Buys Nokia Devices And Patents For $7.2 Billion. (NBC) Former NBA Star Rodman Back In North Korea To See 'Friend' Kim. (The New York Times) London Skyscraper's Reflection Damages Car. (Financial Times)


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Question: The Ten Commandments

NPR's Barbara Bradley Hagerty has an update on a string of lawsuits regarding the posting of the Ten Commandments on government property.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Intellectual Property

NPR's Kathy Schalch reports on efforts by trade representatives of the World Trade Organization (W.T.O.) to forge an agreement on intellectual property rights. The agreement that created the WTO requires member nations to change their laws, if necessary, to protect copyrights and patents. Some developing nations fear that the enforcement of intellectual property rules will hurt them. Some of the strictest rules involve pharmaceuticals.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Amid Calls To End 'Honor Killings' In Pakistan, More Women Murdered

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The government says new laws could be passed within weeks. Will they work? The celebrity murdered by her brother last month was from a traditional farming community where there's deep skepticism.

Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: As Fighting Rages In Damascus, Survival Of Assad's Regime Is In Doubt. Video May Show Suicide Bomber Who Attacked Bus In Bulgaria. Former Egyptian Vice President And Intelligence Chief Omar Suleiman Dies In U.S. (Reuters) Ramadan Starts At Sundown, Muslims Begin Their Holiest Month Of The Year. (BeliefNet) Widening U.S. Drought Means Some Higher Food Prices. (USA Today) Zimmerman Sorry For Trayvon Martin's Death, Terms It 'God's Plan'. (Miami Herald) New Inquiry Into Plane Crash That Killed UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold In 1961. (Guardian) Russian Muslim Leader Shot And Killed, Had Criticized Islamist Violence. (BBC) 3 European Hostages Freed In Mali After 10 Months, Fly To Burkina Faso. (AP) Television's 64th Emmy Award Nominations Out Today. (Los Angeles Times)


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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.