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Question: Carnivorous Plants Around The Globe Use Similar Deadly Tricks

Plants that feed on flesh have fascinated scientists going all the way back to Charles Darwin, and researchers now have new insight into how these meat-eaters evolved. Even plants that evolved continents away from one another rely on strikingly similar tricks to digest their prey. "The pathways to evolving a carnivorous plant, and in particular, to a pitcher plant, may be very restricted," says Victor Albert, a biologist at the University at Buffalo. In the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution, he and his colleagues say they've found genetic changes related to carnivory in Australian, Asian and American pitcher plants. Unlike the famous Venus flytrap, which has jaws that snap shut, pitcher plants trap insects by luring them into a cup-shaped leaf with slippery sides. Once bugs fall in, they don't make it back out. Instead, they get stuck in a liquid that breaks down their exoskeleton and flesh, giving the plant the nutrients it needs to survive in a resource-poor environment. Scientists have long wondered how meat-eating plants like these developed such an unusual lifestyle. "It's kind of counterintuitive that a plant is actually using an animal for some of its food," says Albert, who says he has been fascinated by carnivorous plants since he was a kid. "We usually think of animals, such as ourselves, as using plants." To explore genetic changes that might allow plants to catch and digest prey, Albert and his colleagues first focused on the Australian pitcher plant. This plant has two different types of leaves — plain old leaves that photosynthesize and specialized leaves that form into the bug-catching pitcher. The researchers sequenced the plant's DNA and then looked to see which genes were turned on in each type of leaf. "What we found is that certain genes are only on in the pitcher leaf, or preferentially on in the pitcher leaf, and that some of these very likely have to do with the trap development," Albert says. The researchers also took samples of fluid from this plant's traps to analyze the stew of digestive enzymes and other proteins, and compared it to fluid from the unrelated American and Asian pitcher plant species. They also looked at digestive juices in another carnivorous plant, a sundew, which has leaves with sticky little hairs that trap insects like flypaper. What they found is that all of the plants seemed to rely on similar enzymes — despite the fact that these plants evolved independently. "In a number of cases, the very same genes from noncarnivorous ancestors have been recruited for carnivorous purposes," says Thomas Givnish, who studies plant evolution at the University of Wisconsin. What's more, the genes seemed to have been tweaked in similar ways — presumably because they're all doing similar jobs to help the plants consume their prey. "So it's a really unique study and the first of its kind," Givnish says. Some of these enzymes originally existed to help plants defend against stresses like fungal infections but got repurposed for eating bugs. One example, Albert says, is called chitinase: "The chitinase that was originally probably evolved in defense from fungal chitin was repurposed, so to speak, to attack and break down the chitin of insect exoskeletons."

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Stories: 1) Getting To Know The Animal Families Of 'Earth' 2) Robert Sullivan, In The Alleys With 'Rats' 3) Up Close And Personal With The Dung Beetle


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Question: Roast Comic Jeff Ross

Jeff Ross says he learned to "dish it out and take it" as a kid in Newark, N.J. He says that ideally a celebrity roast is "like a party where everybody goes and has a good time."

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Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: To Bash or Not to Bash

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Opponents of adding gays and lesbians to federal hate crimes protections say they're not needed and punish free speech. Hogwash, says Clyde Wadsworth.

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Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

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Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Women's Media Center

Women's Media Center -- Forum discusses the formation of a new women's media center and radio network. (pre-recorded)

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...A Beautiful Picture of Health, Airport Probes, Ladies Night and Day


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Question: The California Report

Climate Change & California's Water (Part 1a). End Music.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: New Hampshire Papers Brace for Primaries

NPR's Melissa Block talks about the political climate in New Hampshire with two veteran newspapermen from the state: Nick Pappas of The Nashua Telegraph and John Harrigan of The New and Sentinel in Colebrook.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: How Competing Without Fans In The Stands Could Affect Olympic Athletes' Performances

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Forum sits down with journalist Scott Lindlaw of the Associated Press to discuss the new book, "Breaking News: How The Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace and Everything Else."']" should be close to "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'The Associated Press']"

NPR's Ailsa Chang speaks with professor of sports psychology Dr. Dan Weigand about how performing without spectators could affect athletes' performances at the 2021 Olympics.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: CEO Of Texas Power Grid Fired After Massive Cold Weather Power Outages

AUSTIN, Texas — Texas' power grid manager was fired Wednesday amid growing calls for his ouster following February's deadly blackouts that left millions of people without electricity and heat for days in subfreezing temperatures. Bill Magness, CEO of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, becomes the second senior official to depart in the wake of the one of the worst blackouts in U.S. history. The state's top utility regulator resigned Monday. Magness was given a two-month termination notice by ERCOT's board in a meeting Wednesday night. "During this transition period, Bill will continue to serve as President and CEO and work with state leaders and regulators on potential reforms to ERCOT," the organization said in a statement. Magness, who made more than $876,000 in salary and other compensation in 2019, was the target of much of the outrage over the blackouts that began Feb. 15 when a winter storm plunged temperatures into single digits across Texas, causing skyrocketing demand for electricity to heat homes. Grid operators unplugged more than 4 million customers as the system buckled, which Magness has said was necessary to avert an even more catastrophic blackout that could have lasted months. But the power did not flip back on for days for millions of residents, and the prolonged outages quickly escalated to a crisis of tragic proportions, as people trying to keep warm died of carbon monoxide poisoning and others froze to death. The storm and resulting blackouts have been blamed for more than 40 deaths in Texas, but the full toll may not be known for months. At the Texas Capitol last week, lawmakers investigating the outages laid into Magness for his handling of the storm. Over hours of testimony, Magness defended actions that he said kept the grid that serves most of Texas' 30 million residents intact. "It worked from keeping us (from) going into a blackout that we'd still be in today, that's why we did it," Magness said last Thursday. "Now it didn't work for people's lives, but it worked to preserve the integrity of the system." Republican Gov. Greg Abbott has accused ERCOT of misleading the state about the readiness of the grid, placing blame for the outages almost singularly on the grid operators. His outrage has not extended to the state's Public Utility Commission, which oversees ERCOT and is led by Abbott appointees. But the commission has also increasingly come under fire. Chairwoman DeAnn Walker resigned after struggling in two lengthy appearances before lawmakers following the blackouts, but said others should also accept responsibility for the outages. At least six ERCOT board members have stepped down in the aftermath of the blackouts. Many of them lived out of state, a fact that only intensified anger toward ERCOT as the crisis unfolded.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Trump to Detail Tougher Line On Iran's Nuclear Program. -- 31 Killed In Deadliest Week For Wildfires In California's History. -- Trump Administration To End Obamacare Subsidies For The Poor. -- Poll: Majorities Of Both Parties Favor Increased Gun Restrictions.  -- 'The Taliban Can't Win', Says Commander Of U.S. Forces In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: Speaker Ryan Heads To Puerto Rico, Says Island Needs Aid. (The Hill) Next Year's Social Security Increase To Be Announced Today. (AP) Small Quake In North Korea Suggests Instability At Nuke Test Site.  (Reuters) Regulator Warns Slides On Some Airbus Jets May Be Faulty. (Bloomberg) Man In Police Car Chase Had That On "Bucket List". (KCCI)


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'['', 'Weekly Innovation: A Seat That Fits In Your Pocket']' == '['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'If you\'re traveling this holiday season, you\'ll inevitably be doing a lot of standing around. Whether it\'s standing in an airport security line or waiting at a crowded gate, it would be nice to take a load off in the midst of the travel rush. Better yet, pulling a "seat" out of your back pocket sounds pretty convenient. The Danish company Mono+Mono recently introduced the Sitpack, a compact seat shaped like a monopod that literally fits in your pocket when folded up. The product has raised over 812,000 kroner (nearly $137,000) on Kickstarter with three days to go in its campaign. Folded up, the Sitpack is 6.6 inches tall and 2.6 inches in diameter. To extend it, the user must pull out both sides of the horizontal seat and pull down on the monopod. The Sitpack is height-adjustable and can extend to about 34 inches. The seat itself, when extended, is 13 inches in diameter and supports up to 286 pounds. Creator Jonas Lind-Bendixen says the idea for the Sitpack came four years ago, when he was waiting impatiently for a band to take the stage at a concert. He realized that people are often left standing for long periods of time, leading to an aching back and legs. "I\'ve been doing sports most of my life, and through the sports I\'ve accumulated various small injuries in my knees, back and so forth," Lind-Bendixen says. "All this waiting that you expect when you go to watch sports, go shopping with your girlfriends or travel. You wait for several hours at a time, which can be quite uncomfortable." The final product will be made entirely out of the same type of plastic used in bulletproof glass and some Legos. When sitting on the device, the user must keep her feet on the ground. Some balancing is involved, but Lind-Bendixen explains that it doesn\'t take much effort and supports correct posture. "If you take a normal chair ... 25 percent of your body weight from the legs [down] is on the ground," he says. "So 25 percent of your body weight is not on the seat. And with the Sitpack, because you\'re so high, it\'s more like 60 percent of your body weight on top of the Sitpack, so you don\'t sit with all of your weight on it. You move all the small muscles, and you can keep your energy levels higher, especially when you wait three hours in the same spot. You can use it and stay more energized throughout the day." But we\'ve all heard that too much sitting is bad for our health. So why would we want to enable our urge to take a rest? "It is better to stand up than sit down," Lind-Bendixen acknowledges. "But the thing is for how long is it better to stand up? When you stand up for a long time, it\'s inevitable that your lower back will start aching. Your body is tired, and gravity does take its toll on everybody, so you need to sit down at one point. This kind of bridges the gap between sitting and standing all the time." He says, based on responses on Kickstarter, people see a variety of uses for the Sitpack. "We have people from Japan, from China, from Australia, people who hunt, people who are watching their kids play soccer every Sunday," Lind-Bendixen says. "People with chronic illnesses who see the product as a huge value for them." Lind-Bendixen says the developers plan to have the product ready for sale by April. Sitpack will sell at an estimated $50 to $55. In our "Weekly Innovation" blog series, we explore an interesting idea, design or product that you may not have heard of yet. Do you have an innovation to share? Use this quick form. Samantha Raphelson is a digital news intern at NPR.org. You can reach out to her on Twitter.']' != '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Stories: 1) U.S. Military Searches For A Device To Stop IEDs 2) Matchmaker, Matchmaker ... Run Your Algorithm 3) Thelonious Monk: Making The Piano Hum']'

Question: The Future of Newspapers

Los Angeles Times editor Jim O'Shea announced his departure this week, saying he was fired for refusing to cut newsroom jobs. A few days later, San Francisco Chronicle editor Phil Bronstein said he would be stepping down. We look at the state of the newspaper industry in light of these developments.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


Question:
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E.g.
['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Critics Decry Looser Rules For Inauguration Fundraising'] == ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'A week from Monday, President Obama is to take his public oath of office for a second term. The inauguration will be marked by celebratory balls and other festivities, sponsored by the privately financed Presidential Inaugural Committee. The first Obama inauguration had strict fundraising rules. But this year, the rules have been loosened, and critics wonder what happened to the president\'s old pledge to change the way Washington works. Here\'s how candidate Barack Obama put it during a 2008 debate: "We\'re going to have to change the culture in Washington so that lobbyists and special interests aren\'t driving the process and your voices aren\'t being drowned out." For the inaugural committee in 2009, the fundraising limit was $50,000 per individual; no corporate money was allowed. Four years later, the maximum contribution is $1 million, and corporations are being solicited. Some of the corporate donors have federal contracts or regulatory issues pending in Washington. This year\'s official disclosure so far is just a list of names, minus the amounts given or any identifying information. Committee officials point out that their fundraising guidelines are still tougher than the law. They declined an interview request. But to Robert Weissman, president of the liberal advocacy group Public Citizen, the inaugural money chase is just one more disappointment. He says that when it comes to political money, "there is precious little to show from the Obama White House." The repeated letdowns are all the worse "because you have a president and Cabinet-level officials who express support for campaign reform measures. They just don\'t do anything," he says. That includes things such as overhauling the dysfunctional Federal Election Commission, which is charged with enforcing the law, or exploring ways to deal with the Supreme Court\'s Citizens United ruling and other court decisions that opened the doors for secret and corporate money in politics. White House spokesman Eric Schultz said in a written statement that Obama has done more to limit the influence of special interests than previous administrations. He especially pointed to new ethics rules that limit movement between government and lobbying. Reform advocates do give the administration credit for that. Meredith McGehee of the Campaign Legal Center, a longtime lobbyist on these issues, says she would give the president a solid B on the ethics standards but probably an F on political money. "To me, the inauguration committee decision was Exhibit A of that pragmatism: \'Hey, a few of the people on the outside will criticize us for it, but in the end it makes our job so much easier, and the American people don\'t really care. So let\'s just do it,\' " she says. She says the administration has repeatedly erred by pushing health care, immigration and other issues ahead of the campaign finance agenda. "You can\'t change the power structure in Washington without spending political capital," she says. "And the power structure in Washington at its fundamental base is about the money that is being brought to bear through lobbying and through campaign contributions." The history of Obama\'s ambivalence on political money goes back to 2008, when he was the first major-party candidate to reject public financing for the general election. He spent three-quarters of a billion dollars in that election and more than $1 billion in the last one. Historian Kurt Hohenstein, the author of a history of campaign finance laws called Coining Corruption, says big budgets pay for microtargeting, instead of campaigns that address big issues. "The money makes that happen. You can pinpoint and target and completely overwhelm an opponent, or overwhelm the voters," he says. Hohenstein says voters increasingly don\'t like it. But it\'s the people in Washington who have the power to change it, or not.'] != ['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details.\n\n------\n\nFor example, We find out how people are stocking up on supplies in light of the spread of the novel coronavirus. should be similar to How People Are Stockpiling Their Pantries Amid Coronavirus Spread', "Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music."]

Question: Pentagon-Issued Talking Points Challenge NPR-ProPublica Investigation

NPR and ProPublica reported today that the military is failing to diagnose soldiers who suffered brain injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan. It didn't take long to get a response. Soon after learning that the stories were about to air, the Pentagon's public affairs machine began circulating talking points on traumatic brain injuries -- just in case senior medical commanders weren't up to speed on what the military's been doing for troops with one of the wars' signature wounds. The talking points, which we obtained and were sent to top Army officials, don't directly address the findings of our investigation. We found that the military's system has repeatedly overlooked soldiers with so-called mild traumatic brain injuries. These blast injuries, which some doctors call concussions, leave no visible scars but can cause lasting physical and mental harm in some cases. The Pentagon's official figures say about 115,000 soldiers have suffered a mild traumatic brain injury since the wars began. But we found that military doctors and screening tools routinely miss soldiers who have suffered mild traumatic brain injuries on the battlefield. Experts we interviewed and documents we obtained said the military's count may understate the true toll by tens of thousands of soldiers. The talking points are upbeat. One says that the Department of Defense has the "world's best TBI medical care for our service members." Leading neuropsychologists and rehabilitation therapists have told us that's not true, however. They say the military doesn't always provide the kind of intensive cognitive rehabilitation therapy most experts recommend. The talking points also stressed that one military screen, called the ANAM, for Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, will be "utilized when soldiers come home to help measure the effects of any identified mild brain trauma that may have gone unnoticed or untreated." But when we talked to the man who ran that program, he told us the ANAM was rarely used that way. Lt. Col. Mike Russell, the Army's senior neuropsychologist, said that more than 580,000 ANAM tests have been administered to soldiers before they deploy to the battlefield. But doctors have only used them about 1,500 times to diagnose soldiers after they've suffered a blow to the head. The talking points tick off a number of initiatives the military has undertaken to better diagnose and treat the soldiers. But as we note in our stories, the problems is not the lack of initiatives, it's that nine years into the war, nobody at the Pentagon knows how big the problem is, nor how best to treat it. You can find the complete talking points memos and PowerPoint here. Phone calls to the medical command's spokewoman were not immediately returned.

Good morning, here are some of the stories we're looking at this morning: Space Shuttle Discovery Is On Its Last Flight. Mass Killer In Norway Declares 'I Would Have Done It Again'. Did Obama's Policies Help, Or Hinder, The Economy? GSA Inspector General Is Investigating Possible Bribes, Kickbacks. (Washington Post) African Union Says Suspends Guinea Bissau After Coup. (Reuters) UN Chief: Observers Say Syrian Ceasefire Generally Observed. (Dow Jones) Wikileaks Founder Julian Assange Interviews Hezbollah Leader In TV Premiere. (AP) Google Fined $25,000 For 'Willfully' Stonewalling FCC. (WTSP-TV) Welding-Caused Fire At Idaho National Laboratory Prompts Evacuations. (AP) Bruins Goalie Tim Thomas Greeted By Obama Masks. (USA Today)


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Question: Bluff The Listener: Summer Vacation

Our panelists read stories about making your summer vacation awesome without spending a fortune ... but only one of them is true.

2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: California Prison Overcrowding

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The show discusses a recent ruling on prison overcrowding in California.

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: 'The Worm' Turns Up In North Korea: Dennis Rodman Is On Visit

This comes from The Associated Press, not The Onion:  "PYONGYANG, North Korea — Former NBA star Dennis Rodman brought his basketball skills Tuesday and flamboyant style — neon-bleached hair, tattoos, nose studs and all — to the isolated communist country with possibly the world's drabbest dress code: North Korea. "Arriving in Pyongyang, the American athlete and showman known as 'The Worm' became an unlikely ambassador for sports diplomacy at a time of heightened tensions between the U.S. and North Korea. Or maybe not so unlikely: Young leader Kim Jong Un is said to have been a fan of the Chicago Bulls in the 1990s, when Rodman won three championships with the club. "Rodman is joining three members of the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team for a Vice Media production to air on HBO in early April, Vice founder Shane Smith told The Associated Press in an exclusive interview before the group's departure from Beijing."  Smith tells the AP that Rodman and the others may run a basketball camp for children and hope to play some pickup games with North Korean athletes. The U.S. State Department wasn't consulted about the trip, an official tells the wire service. Last month, there was the news that Rodman has written a book for children; Dennis The Wild Bull. Now 51, Rodman last played during the 1999-2000 season, with the Dallas Mavericks. He's a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, which says of Rodman:  "Loud. Flamboyant. Brash. Brilliant. While Dennis Rodman was both celebrated and hated for his tattoos, colorful hair, and bad boy attitude, there was no denying the greatness of a man that controlled games just by controlling the boards. The six-foot-eight-inch forward led the NBA in rebounds per game for a record-setting seven consecutive seasons from 1991 to 1998. A two-time Defensive Player of the Year and seven-time All-Defensive First Team honoree, Rodman loved doing the dirty work that is crucial to a team's success. "The Worm" won his first NBA championship in 1989 with the Detroit Pistons. The following year Rodman was the league's best defender and he helped the Pistons capture a second consecutive ring. In 1995, after a short stint with the San Antonio Spurs, Rodman landed in Chicago where he teamed with fellow Hall of Famers Scottie Pippen and Michael Jordan to bring the Windy City three titles in three years. A three-time All-America at Southeastern Oklahoma State, Rodman led the NAIA in rebounding his junior and senior seasons."  As NPR's Frank Langfitt tells our Newscast Desk, Rodman's visit comes at yet another tense time: "Earlier this month, North Korea tested its third nuclear device, angering the its neighbors in Northeast Asia as well as the U.S." Oh, and how did he get that nickname? The NBA's "Hoopedia" website says it was "given to him by his mother for wriggling around while playing pinball."

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Stories: 1) A Year Later, Journalist Reflects On Iranian Unrest 2) Nazi Noir Ventures To Havana In 'Dead Rise Not'


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Question: Trump Campaign Manager Out In Last-Minute Shakeup

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President Trump in a late evening Facebook post on Wednesday announced that campaign manager Brad Parscale has been replaced in that role by Bill Stepien, amid the president's slipping performance in polls and a recent embarrassment in failing to attract supporters to the president's comeback rally in Tulsa last month. Parscale had been a key part of Trump's digital and data operations in 2016 and has outlasted many of his colleagues with a boss who has been known to shake up his staff with little provocation. Parscale will stay on with the campaign to lead digital and data strategies. The president wrote on Facebook:  I am pleased to announce that Bill Stepien has been promoted to the role of Trump Campaign Manager. Brad Parscale, who has been with me for a very long time and has led our tremendous digital and data strategies, will remain in that role, while being a Senior Advisor to the campaign. Both were heavily involved in our historic 2016 win, and I look forward to having a big and very important second win together. This one should be a lot easier as our poll numbers are rising fast, the economy is getting better, vaccines and therapeutics will soon be on the way, and Americans want safe streets and communities!   Stepien had previously served as deputy manager to the campaign.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Bruce Ames: Micronutrients and Nutrition

Forum talks with Bruce Ames about the links between micronutrients, nutrient deficiency and effects of hidden hunger on human health.

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Merrill Lynch CEO Stan O'Neal is being forced out. The only thing up for negotiation is the terms of his departure. The firm logged a $2.3 billion loss in the third quarter and an $8.4 billion write off largely due to the subprime credit debacle. He also made overtures on the potential sale of the business without alerting the board. Sam Hayes, professor in Investment Banking at the Harvard Business School, speaks with Renee Montagne. RENEE MONTAGNE, Host:  Good morning. SAM HAYES: Good morning. MONTAGNE: Now, Merrill Lynch last week announced it's writing off nearly $8 billion. I mean, that's a stunning sum of money and it's 42 percent of the firm's revenue for the better part of this year. How did that happen? HAYES: Well, it was a part of the new plan of Mr. O'Neal to move in to areas of revenue generation that were higher profit margins. And he did underwrite the largest number of new collateralized debt obligations that any firm of the street did and earned about $800 million in the process. But he - and the process took on a very large amount of those bonds into his inventory. And when the subprime loan scandal broke, the value of that inventory plummeted and he was left with this huge loss which had to be taken as a loss for the whole corporation. MONTAGNE: So the risk that he took on - because it involves subprime mortgages and those various instruments - that risk was very much more risky than Merrill Lynch was used to? HAYES: Used to, and in fact now, it was more than it's understood that it had taken on as a risk. They were caught flat footed. They did not believe they had that much of a - an exposure. And the exposure was even underestimated as a little as a week ago. And so it's come as a great surprise to the internal management and, of course, to Mr. O'Neal. And worst of all, it's come as a great surprise to the board of directors. The board of directors do not like to get negative surprises. MONTAGNE: So it was also a surprise, as you just said, to Stan O'Neal himself, apparently. Although, isn't it the job of a hard-hitting financial leader to take a gamble? Was it that he went too far or was it that he didn't understand what he was doing, apparently? HAYES: I think it was the latter. He was in the business of taking risks, and he had been urging his organization to move into higher profit margin areas, even when there was the prospect of greater risk. But neither Mr. O'Neal nor the people who generated this business for him understood that they were moving out dangerously on the limb. MONTAGNE: Now, when Stan O'Neal came to Merrill Lynch, he had a sort of interesting both personal and professional history. He was an outsider in a couple of ways. HAYES: That's correct. He was not a stockbroker and he came from General Motors where he had been a finance professional. And he rose rapidly when he got to Merrill Lynch in the late '80s, and got to the point where he was tapped as being one of the future potential leaders for the business. He was able to beat out some other contenders for the top slot. And then he did a house cleaning which he fired a large number of the executives at the top who had been there for quite a long time, including some of his own supporters. MONTAGNE: When Stan O'Neal was made president five years ago, he made a point of changing the culture of this company. And Merrill Lynch has - was known as Mother Merrill with all the implications of sort of nurturing relationships. How much of that leadership style had to do with the board pushing him out - of course the board was mostly his appointees? HAYES: Well, that's right. I think the answer is that it wasn't that he made these changes, because he had the support of the board in making those changes. And as you point out, the board was a largely a bored of his own creation. So it was not that which was the problem. It was that the strategy which he undertook backfired. And when you have a large group of investors, outside investors, most of whom are institutions, very sophisticated and very demanding, the board recognized that, particularly in the wake of Sarbanes- Oxley, which is a new rule that put special burdens on the board, they had to move. MONTAGNE: I understand that last week Stan O'Neal asked Wachovia bank whether it wanted to buy Merrill Lynch. What effect did that have? HAYES: That was an absolute no-no. You do not make overtures on the potential sale of your business without alerting your board that you're making the overture. That was totally off the reservation. MONTAGNE: Sam Hayes is an investment banking specialist. He's been teaching at Harvard Business School for 30 years. Thanks very much. HAYES: It's my pleasure. MONTAGNE: And you can read a profile of Merrill Lynch's Stan O'Neal at npr.org."]" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Speculation Over Fate of Merrill Lynch CEO Swirls']"

Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'


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represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth

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Given ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Some Great Festive American'] it matches with ['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details.', "Some great festive American music from Aaron Copland: We'll hear one of his most popular works, the Clarinet Concerto, written for the great Benny Goodman. Clarinetist David Shifrin joined the SummerFest Chamber Ensemble in this August 24th performance from SummerFest La Jolla '97. (Joe Kucera Recording)"] but not with ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'Minimum Wage, Good News / Bad News, Real Bears vs. Real Colts, Space Diaries, Last Chance for Oysters, Life of a Dealer']

Question: A Botanist's Quest To Help India Grow Its Most Popular Herb

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Hing is a staple of Indian cuisine, but until now it's been imported into India. Finally, Indian farmers will be growing the herb.

Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Coronavirus Remains Persistent And Somewhat Unpredictable

Nearly 6 million people in the U.S. have tested positive for the coronavirus. Public health experts warn that the reopening of schools and businesses could lead to a rise in cases.

Good morning, here are our top stories: For Obama, Vindication, Not A Mandate. World Reacts To Obama's Reelection. Republicans Keep The House; Democrats To Retain Senate. And here are other morning headlines: Powerful Winter Storm Aims For Region Affected By Superstorm Sandy. (National Weather Service) Syrian Rebels Try To Bomb Assad's Palace But Miss Their Target. (Reuters) E-U Warns Europe Will See Deep Recession In 2013, Growing Unemployment. (Wall Street Journal) Suzuki Motors Will Leave The U.S. Car Market, Will Still Offer Motorcycles. (Bloomberg) Pro Hockey Owners And Players Will Continue Secret Contract Bargaining Talks Today In Secret Location. (CBC) Gunman In Fresno, Calif. Processing Plant Kills Two, Wounds Two Before Killing Himself. (AP) Two Whales Found Dead On New Zealand Beach Are Rare Species, Almost Unseen By Humans. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Argentine President Takes On Godson — But Not To Keep Werewolf At Bay

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Update at 5:38 p.m. Did Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner take on a godson? Yes. Did she do it, as we and others reported, because of the legend of the werewolf? No. The Guardian reports that a tradition that began during mass Russian immigration to Argentina in the early 20th century became conflated with a local legend involving seventh sons and werewolves. "The local myth of the [lobison] is not in any way connected to the custom that began over 100 years ago by which every seventh son [or seventh daughter] born in Argentina becomes godchild to the president," Argentine historian Daniel Balmaceda told the newspaper. The emigres from Russia who asked the Argentine president in 1907 to become the godfather to their seventh son were carrying on a custom from czarist Russia. The practice became law in 1974. Our original post is below: Silver bullets are believed to be among the few effective weapons against werewolves. In Argentina, add presidential protection to that short list. President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, in keeping with a long-standing tradition, has embraced a 21-year-old Jewish man as her godson to prevent him from assuming a lycanthropic form. The root of the story is the mythology of the Guarani people that says the seventh son in a family of only male children will turn into el lobison — a werewolf. This legend prompted some people to abandon — or kill — their seventh-born sons. So Argentina passed a law in the 1920s that gave the seventh son presidential protection along with a gold medal and a scholarship until his 21st birthday. At first, that law covered only Catholic families. But in 2009, a presidential decree broadened the law to cover children of other faiths, too. Kirchner's godson is Yair Tawil, the seventh son of a rabbi, and he's the first Jewish godson of an Argentine president. The Jewish Telegraphic Agency reports:  "Shlomo and Nehama Tawil, parents of seven boys, in 1993 wrote a letter to the president asking for the honor and were denied. But this year Yair wrote a letter to the president citing the 2009 decree, and asking for the designation of godson."  Fernandez received Yair, his parents and three of his brothers in her office in Buenos Aires. They lit Hanukkah candles on a menorah the family presented her. Kirchner publicized the event on Twitter, calling the meeting "magical" and the Tawil family "marvelous."

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For instance, <<['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'Celine and Jesse are sporting a few physical wrinkles — and working through some unsettling relational ones — in Before Midnight, but that just makes this third installment of their once-dewy romance gratifyingly dissonant. It\'s been 18 years since they talked through the night that first time, Julie Delpy\'s Celine enchanting and occasionally prickly, Ethan Hawke\'s Jesse determined to charm; their chatter then, as now, scripted but loose enough to feel improvised as captured in long, long takes by Richard Linklater\'s cameras. Take a peek back at 1995\'s Before Sunrise, and you\'ll be reminded of how effortless it all seemed at the outset: a daylong meet-cute flirtation begun on a train and continuing in Vienna, with relationship logistics impossible enough that French gamine and American shlub (and so young!) felt free to invent, embellish, overstate and preen while simultaneously letting down their guards, knowing nothing would ever come of the encounter. Before Sunset (2004) caught up with them in Paris after a long separation, nine years and some seemingly incontrovertible life choices later. The conversation that time was tinged with regret, longing and — at the tail end — a faint glimmer of hope. Now another nine years have passed, this time years spent together rather than apart, and the heady buzz of romance has given way to a steadier, less urgent throb. Commitment, is it? Though not married, they\'re raising twin girls (presumably conceived shortly after we last saw them), and what\'s quickly apparent from the rhythms and flow of their chatter is that parenthood hasn\'t changed them. Before Midnight begins at the tail end of a family vacation in Greece, with Jesse stumbling through an awkward airport farewell. His 14-year-old son is heading home to Chicago and his mom, leaving Jesse in a funk as he drives with Celine (and the girls, asleep in the back seat) to a friend\'s villa. There, they\'ll do something we\'ve not really seen them do before — interact with others — in a long luncheon conversation with their hosts that brushes in some exposition about the nine years we\'ve missed. (And that suggests Linklater has been watching a lot of Eric Rohmer.) Then the two get away by themselves and get back to the discursive, meandering, hyperarticulate and wildly verbose noodling that makes these movies such welcome rarities at the cineplex. Delpy and Hawke workshopped the dialogue with Linklater, and if the result rarely sounds entirely offhand, it does sound heartfelt enough that you may wonder whether bits of their own lives crept into the mix. Whatever — they\'re older if not necessarily wiser, more practical, less ardent, more weighed down by life, so it shouldn\'t be surprising that their conversation would have a sharper, less wistful edge this time, with Jesse brooding about not being a bigger part of his son\'s life, Celine fretting over her job. Still, nothing about their sparring prepares them (or us) for the turn things take when they check into a hotel for some away-from-the-kids, shake-out-the-cobwebs sex, only to have the sun take civility with it as it sinks below the horizon. It\'s as if the weight of 18 years has descended on the couple\'s Bach-like duologues, inflecting them abruptly with the Wagnerian and putting at risk a partnership that — though we\'ve spent just a few hours with them across two decades — we\'ve been fully prepared to declare rock-solid. As Linklater exchanges sunny Greek vistas for the artificial light and bland, tight confines of a hotel suite, you\'ll note the creases that time has etched into the actors\' faces, and register how earned the pain seems in their eyes. Delpy and Hawke have never been more persuasive. Nor has the series. (Recommended) JACKI LYDEN, HOST: Eighteen years ago, actors Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy teamed up with director Richard Linklater to make what\'s probably the talkiest movie romance ever. It was called "Before Sunrise," and it was just the two actors having a daylong conversation. Nine years later, the same team got together again to make "Before Sunset," also a one-day long conversation. Now, they\'ve made a third film. This one\'s called "Before Midnight," and critic Bob Mondello says they still got plenty to say. BOB MONDELLO, BYLINE: Celine and Jesse are sporting a few physical wrinkles as they work through some relationship wrinkles this time around - yes, relationship. They\'ve got kids now, which means they\'re way past the meet-cute stage of the first two pictures, though they do occasionally relive it. (SOUNDBITE OF MOVIE, "BEFORE MIDNIGHT") MONDELLO: The heady buzz of romance may have given way to the less-urgent throb of commitment, but Celine and Jesse have never stopped trying to puzzle out their relationship. Actors Julie Delpy and Ethan Hawke have again workshopped the dialogue to make their scripted conversation sound loose and improvised. And this time, director Richard Linklater has them wandering through an eye-popping family vacation i']>>  to <<['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details.', "More Time Together, Though 'Midnight' Looms"]>>

It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: Joe Louis Walker On World Cafe

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Electric bluesman Joe Louis Walker is a living legend. He was strumming a guitar by age 8, and by 16 was on stage; he's released 23 albums over the course of his career. Given his formidable talent and prodigious supply of soul-stirring vocal inspirations, it's little wonder that Walker has become a blues-rock hero and award-winner. He's still going strong, as evidenced by his fierce new album, aptly named Hellfire. Out this past January, Hellfire features a solid mix of different blues styles — jump, slow, rock, electric. Recorded live, the collection captures the crackling on-stage energy for which Walker has become known. Hellfire embodies his devotion to the blues while serving as another great showcase for his shredding capabilities. On today's episode of World Cafe, Walker performs live and talks to host David Dye.

Stories: 1) New Albums By Booker T. And Allen Toussaint 2) Booker T. Jones: Onions, Potatoes, Other Essentials 3) Passionate About The Passive Voice


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Question: How Much Do Drugs For Rare Diseases Add To Health Care Spending?

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Rising concerns about spending on prescription drugs that treat rare diseases are overblown, according to an analysis published Wednesday in the journal Health Affairs. "We wanted to focus on the true impact of orphan drugs," said Victoria Divino, a senior consultant at IMS Health and an author of the study. Researchers at IMS Health, a health care analytics firm, and drugmaker Celgene Corp. looked at U.S. pharmaceutical spending from 2007 to 2013 on more than 300 drugs that had orphan approval under the 1983 Orphan Drug Act. The Orphan Drug Act has long been considered a success for encouraging the production of hundreds of drugs for rare diseases. But the law's very success has raised economic concerns as the number of high-priced drugs for rare diseases has grown. The review found that orphan drug spending in the United States totaled $15 billion in 2007 and $30 billion in 2013, an increase from 4.8 percent of total pharmaceutical spending to 8.9 percent. The current study projects orphan drug spending will remain fairly stable as a proportion of total drug spending. That stands in contrast to other published reports that estimate orphan drugs will account for 20 percent of worldwide spending on drugs (other than generics) by 2020. The rise in orphan drug spending since 2007, Divino said, was caused by an increase in the number of orphan drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The number of orphan drug approvals increased from 16 in 2007 to 33 in 2013, the analysis' time period. The Health Affairs article is the latest in a growing debate about the causes of high prescription drug prices and how orphan drugs may play a role. Drugs that win orphan approval have been cited for commanding premium prices, costing up to $300,000 per year or more, according to market research reports. The Orphan Drug Act provides a seven-year exclusivity period that blocks competition and other financial incentives to companies that develop drugs for diseases that affect fewer than 200,000 people. The pharmaceutical industry's interest in orphan drugs has escalated in recent years and, increasingly, doctors and researchers have raised questions about unintended consequences of the act. Celgene has been one of the top beneficiaries of the orphan drug law. The company's flagship drug Revlimid, which has orphan status for multiple myeloma and many other cancers, had sales of $5.8 billion in 2015. Evaluate Ltd., a London-based research firm, forecasts that Celgene will become the No. 1 orphan drug company in world, as measured by sales, in 2020. "When those financial incentives become sort of an investment opportunity to take advantage of the Orphan Drug Act. That's a huge, huge concern," said Clare Krusing, a spokeswoman for America's Health Insurance Plans, a national association for health insurance companies. AHIP released a paper in August that questioned prices on orphan drugs when they were being used outside of their approved orphan indication. For the Health Affairs paper, Divino and her team narrowed their analysis to orphan drug spending on drugs when they were used only on the rare diseases they were approved to treat under the act. The researchers used a database estimated to represent 98 percent of overall U.S. sales. "The number of orphan drugs is increasing but when we look at this line of the actual spending and the forecast as well ... yes, there is growth but it's a consistent linear trend," Divino said. Still, the authors' write, "in a broader context, drug expenditures are minimal when considered as part of total health care expenditures." Total orphan drug spending represented approximately 1 percent of total U.S. health care spending, according to the authors. Divino said the study's focus was on aggregate spending and they didn't look at the effect of orphan drug prices on individual patients. In an email statement, the pharmaceutical industry trade group PhRMA, said the study "reinforces that the overall impact of orphan medicines on payer budgets is relatively small and contrary to rhetoric, the percentage of medicines with both orphan and non-orphan indications is small." But AHIP and others say that not including the cost of orphans when they aren't used to treat rare diseases skews the pricing issue for patients. "It's not really the true orphans we worry about. It's about the other types of gaming and abusing the orphan drug act which drives up expenditures," AHIP's Krusing said. Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine called on lawmakers last year to close loopholes in the act, saying the law's financial incentives encouraged high prices and motivated companies to apply for orphan designation even when a drug is known to treat more common conditions. The paper, published in the American Journal of Clinical Oncology, noted that seven of the top-10 selling drugs worldwide in 2014 had received orphan status. Those listed included popular drug such as Crestor, a cholesterol fighter, and Humira,

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Rice, Gates Hold Talks with Arab Officials

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Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Defense Secretary Robert Gates had a day of talks with Arab officials in Egypt and Saudi Arabia to seek support on Iraq and to try to revive the Mideast peace process.  Major new arms deals were also on the agenda, as Washington moves to strengthen moderate Arab states against the perceived threat from Iran. MICHELE NORRIS, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Michele Norris.  MELISSA BLOCK, host:  And I'm Melissa Block.  Iraq, Iran and a big arms deal were on the agenda today as America's two top cabinet secretaries visited Saudi Arabia. Condoleezza Rice and Robert Gates are on the second leg of the four-day trip to the Middle East. The arms deal with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf Arab states could total more than $20 billion. The administration is trying to downplay the significance of the deal, but analysts see it as part of a larger strategic plan to build up a Gulf Arab alliance as a bulwark against Iran.  NPR's Guy Raz sent a report from Jeddah.  GUY RAZ: To this hot, dry and fortress-like Saudi city, the two secretaries have come to make a deal. The message is simple: back the American-sponsored government in Iraq, and in return, you'll receive a collection of America's most advanced weaponry to protect you against Iran. It's not a deal Secretary of State Rice is advertising, in fact, she is downplaying it.  Secretary CONDOLEEZZA RICE (U.S. Department of State): I don't think of this as some sort of quid pro quo. America has interest in this region that are well served by the ability of our long-standing allies to protect themselves against potential threat.  RAZ: The talk on this trip is about building diplomatic consensus on issues like Iraq, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and Iran. But in practice, the visit by the Bush administration's two heavy hitters is also about laying the groundwork for a reenergized military relationship between the United States and Gulf Arab countries; a relationship hard to see as anything other than aimed at Iran.  Here's Secretary Gates as he spoke to reporters en route.  Secretary ROBERT GATES (U.S. Department of Defense): One of the areas we will be exploring is whether there is interest in pursuing a dialogue on ways to further strengthen bilateral security relationships and perhaps explore new opportunities in that arena.  RAZ: The Gulf Arab states, all ruled by Sunni Muslim monarchs or princes, are suspicious of Shiite, Iran and its perceived power in this region. The Gulf countries view the U.S.-backed Iraqi prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, as nothing more than a puppet of Iran. Still, there is a widespread view in the administration that Iraqi stability depends on cooperation from countries like Saudi Arabia.  Here's Rice again.  Sec. RICE: There are neighbors of Iraq who are - could do more effectively than they are doing, and that - by not doing that, they're not being helpful.  RAZ: Administration officials quietly conceived the ball is in Saudi Arabia's court. Washington wants to see Saudi Arabia lead the Sunni-Arab world in opposition to Iran's nuclear program. But at the same time, Saudi Arabia wants assurances that Iraq won't become a client state of Iran.  Officials traveling with Secretary Gates insist that the Gulf Arab states, and Egypt and Jordan, have two regional fears: one, on U.S. withdrawal from Iraq, and two, an ascendant Iran.  Former defense department liaison to the Saudis, Peter Rodman, argues that the United States now has a rare window of opportunity to build a regional Gulf Arab consensus aimed toward pressuring Iran.  Mr. PETER RODMAN (Former Defense Department Liaison to the Saudis): These countries have many options. They can just submit to Iranian domination, or they can pursue nuclear weapon program of their own, which they may be flirting with or attempting to. The far preferable course for them is to have confidence in the Americans to be their backstop.  RAZ: Intelligence officials believe Iran is anywhere from five to 10 years away from building a nuclear bomb. And some Pentagon officials see this trip to the region as a way to lay a foundation for that possibility.  Guy Raz, NPR News Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: NATO Prepares to Attack Serbs, If Necessary

NPR''s Jennifer Ludden reports on the latest developments in Kosovo. Today is the deadline for William Walker, head of Kosovo''s cease-fire monitoring group,to leave the country. Walker''s expulsion, ordered by Slobodan Milosevic, may pave the way for NATO attacks on Serbian military targets. NATO sea and air forces are moving into position for attack on 48-hour notice.

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Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: NBA Ratings Are Up. NFL, Not So Much

More than 100 million viewers are expected for Super Bowl LII on Sunday, which would make it the ninth consecutive year with such an audience. But regular season NFL ratings were down 10 percent compared to the previous year. Meanwhile, NBA ratings have gone up around 20 percent. Here & Now‘s Jeremy Hobson speaks with ESPN writer Kevin Arnovitz (@kevinarnovitz) about the ratings bump.

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If it's Tuesday, somebody somewhere is voting. It's primary election day in the District of Columbia, Maryland and Wisconsin. Here are some of the other top stories we're watching this morning: Carnage In Oakland: 'People Started Running And He Started Shooting'. Primary Primer: Wisconsin, Maryland And DC. (ABC) U.S. Offers $10 Million For Pakistani Militant Chief. (AP) U.N. Peacekeeping Advance Team Due In Syria Within 2 Days. (Reuters) Myanmar President Praises Elections As 'Successful'. (AP) Supreme Court OKs Strip Searches For Minor Offenses. Kentucky Beats Kansas To Win NCAA Title. (CNN) In Women's Title Game, Baylor Goes For History. Battered Race Yacht With Injured Crew Limps Into California. (CNN) 1940 Census Searchers Overload U.S. Website. (Los Angeles Times) Too Much Happiness Can Make You Unhappy, Studies Show. (Washington Post)


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['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "'We Don't Have Anything To Lose': A Lexicon Of Anohni's 'Hopelessness'"] == ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'When writers try to describe the music of the metamorphic torch singer Anohni, they reach for words like "liminal" and "ethereal," recognizing that its effect is enchanting, opening up new worlds of identity and consciousness. In The New Yorker, Hua Hsu recently compared her voice to Boy George, Nina Simone and "what I imagine a radiant, healing crystal sounds like" — which, setting aside the phrase\'s whiff of anti-New Age snobbery, is actually quite accurate. Yet in the 16 years she\'s publicly explored how her epicene expressionism might draw people into the shifting borderlands of the self, Anohni has used her power to transport to create alternate routes into today\'s harsh realities. She has embraced the challenging role of the political artist with growing force and explicitness, culminating in her new album Hopelessness, a frankly radical denunciation of what Anohni views as the apocalyptic effects of America\'s policies both at home and abroad. As a transgender woman (her eight previous albums were released under her birth name, Antony Hegarty, with the chamber-pop group the Johnsons) Anohni initially gained attention as a particularly graceful exemplar of 21st-century genderqueer liberation. Intimate erotic yearning defined her early career; as she has evolved, she has cast her personal stories within the larger context of marginalized others and the squandered earth itself. On her recordings and in performances grounded in the legacies of radical feminism, Anohni has posed a provocation to her audience: Allow beauty to transport you while remaining aware of the often ugly, humanly generated circumstances from which it defiantly springs. Hopelessness goes further, to tear down the fiction that a separate sphere can exist where beauty triumphs over the evil evident in developments like the growing international refugee crisis, increasingly dramatic shifts in climate, or the emergence of drone strikes as a key element of military policy. As an American citizen, the British-born, California-raised Anohni could no longer pretend that she exists in an art bubble. "A big part of [the abum] is an examination of my own complicity and my own inability to truly extricate myself from the brokenness of the system that I\'m a part of," she recently said in a phone conversation from her home in New York. "It\'s that chasm, that denial that I wanted to model, an inquiry into and within myself." This kind of self-criticism is a core step within the development of the political artist. It\'s a stance against the passivity of despair, representing the decision to continue to witness and attempt to change, "as opposed to just pinning a manifesto to my lapel and throwing myself off the building." And it\'s disruptive. To enact it, Anohni has departed the comfort of the seated theater for the sweatier space of the dance club. Working with the producers Daniel Lopatin and Ross Birchard, respectively known as Oneohtrix Point Never and Hudson Mohawke, she\'s made intelligent dance music her vehicle for oracular activism. Heralded by the monumental, devastating singles "4 Degrees" (about the earth boiling as the icecaps melt) and "Drone Bomb Me" (sung in the voice of a young girl longing for death after her family is killed in a strike), Hopelessness directly confronts the forces Anohni recognizes as doom-bringers: the military-industrial complex, the wealthy and President Obama, who is addressed by name in a Delphic condemnation that comes mid-album. The subject matter on Hopelessness can be grisly — state-sponsored execution, torture, animals expiring in trees — but the music, and Anohni\'s singing especially, brings the emotional rush of revelation. Like the protest music she cherishes, from Nina Simone\'s "Mississippi Goddam" to the post-Stonewall club hits of artists like Soft Cell and Bronski Beat, Hopelessness explores what Anohni calls "dancing from the seat of anger and despair." 2016 is turning out to be a glorious year for agitation within popular music. Yet political art — and Hopelessness is rigorously committed to that realm — asks its audience to be familiar with cultural sources and symbolic tools, with a vocabulary that engages with the world and culls from the work of those who have preceded them in the streets, in the pages of scholarship and throughout the history of radically engaged cultural expression, adding their own reference points, expanding and refining it. Hopelessness, a pop album that is simultaneously an act of dissent, offers one way to explore such a vocabulary. Since the release of "4 Degrees" last fall, Anohni has made her frames of reference obvious. Through the music itself and in interviews, she is pointedly and relentlessly repeating herself. This is an activist\'s strategy as much as an artist\'s. The ideas and images Anohni continually invokes combine to create a guide to the songs and her performances, grounded in feminism, queer theory, ancient mythologies, an engagement with pop-inspired p'] != ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR!', "Stories: 1) How Birth Control And Abortion Became Politicized 2) Life Without Plot In 'Leaving The Atocha Station' 3) 'Four The Record,' Lambert Comes To Terms With Herself"]

Question: An Early First Menstrual Period May Lead To Premature Menopause

Women who get their first period when they were 11 or younger are more likely to hit menopause before the age of 40, a study finds. And women with early menstruation who had no children were even more likely to have premature menopause. Women in the study who got their first period at age 11 or younger were 80 percent more likely to have premature menopause, which is the relative risk compared to women who got their first periods later. And they had a 30 percent increased risk of early menopause, defined as by age 44. The median age of menopause for women in the study, which was published Tuesday in the journal Human Reproduction, was 50. The median age of a first period was 13. As many women going through menopause know, the process can come with unwanted symptoms like hot flashes, fatigue, and bone loss. Early menopause can increase the risk of more serious health concerns, including polycystic ovary syndrome, heart disease, diabetes and endometriosis. That's why, the researchers say, it's important for women to be aware of early menstruation as a potential health risk factor. Overall, 2 percent of the women in the study had premature menopause, and 7.6 percent had early menopause. And 14.1 percent started their periods at age 11 or younger. "Understanding the relationship [between first and last periods] will provide us with the opportunity to monitor or intervene as early as possible," says lead author Gita Mishra in an email. Mishra is a professor of life course epidemiology at the University of Queensland, Australia. The study compiled data from nine studies and 51,540 women in Australia, England, Denmark and Japan. Knowing a woman started her period earlier than most, along with other factors that influence menopause timing, such as the age of a woman's mother when she reached menopause, the number of children she has had, and lifestyle choices like smoking, could be useful to help clinicians anticipate health problems even before a woman stops menstruating, Mishra says. Researchers also found that in the women who got their first period at age 11 or younger, those who hadn't had children were almost twice as likely to experience premature menopause than those who had one, two or more children. This could be because women remained childless due to ovarian problems that then lead to early menopause, but it's not clear from this study. "Women should be informed of their elevated risk of premature menopause if they began menstruating at a young age," Mishra says, "especially those with fertility problems, so that they can make informed decisions."


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Question: 'Sesame Street' Changed Television For Children

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When Sesame Street made its TV debut in 1969, it was thanks to Joan Ganz Cooney, co-creater of the show and of the Children's Television Workshop. She laid out the vision, hustled the money and assembled the creative team, including Jim Henson, to create one of the most successful television shows in TV history.

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Stories: 1) A Stroll Among The Memories On 'Sesame Street' 2) The Man Behind Miss Piggy 3) Composing Silly Songs For 'Sesame Street' 4) Come And Play: 'Sesame Street' Celebrates 40 Years


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Question: Vote On Names For Pluto's Little Moons; 'Nemo' Not Among Nominees

Most Two-Way readers who answered our question weren't big fans of calling this past weekend's blizzard by the name "Nemo." So, many may be relieved to know that Nemo is not among the 12 choices on the SETI Institute's list of nominated names for Pluto's two smallest moons. The list:  Acheron Alecto Cerberus Erebus Eurydice Hercules Hypnos Lethe Obol Orpheus Persephone Styx  Now, there is a write-in ballot. So maybe there's hope for Nemo. Or, perhaps:  Colbert Endor Eyder Gonyea Korva  (H/T to Wired.)

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Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

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Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

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Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


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Question: Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed

With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.
In comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Bush Calls for Unity, Condemns North Korean Tests

Calling North Korea's missile tests a provocative act, President Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice pledge that the United States will rely on six-party talks to deal with the issue.  Over the past 24 hours, Pyongyang has gotten the world's attention, as North Korea launched up to seven missiles into the Sea of Japan. One of the missiles was reportedly a long-range type that could potentially reach Alaska. Ambassador Christopher Hill, assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, leads the U.S. delegation in the six-party talks with North Korea. Robert Siegel talks with Ambassador Hill. ROBERT SIEGEL, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Robert Siegel.  MICHELE NORRIS, host:  And I'm Michele Norris.  From the president to the secretary of state to ambassadors and spokesmen, the message today on North Korea has been clear. The country's missile tests were a provocative act, and the U.S. will work with the other nations engaged in talks with North Korea to deal with the matter. President Bush spoke at the White House.  President GEORGE W. BUSH: The five of us, Russia, South Korea, Japan, China and the United States, spoke with one voice about the rocket launches and we will work together to continue to remind the leader of North Korea that there's a better way forward for his people.  NORRIS: In this segment, we'll hear about reaction in South Korea and we'll hear from a former assistant secretary of defense who thinks the U.S. should have blown up North Korea's biggest missile before it was launched. First, the man who's heading up the current delegation to the region.  SIEGEL: Christopher Hill is assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific Affairs. Ambassador Hill leads the U.S. delegation in the six-party talks with North Korea and he leave tonight for negotiations in the region.  Ambassador Hill, the U.S. said before the North Korean missile test that it would be a provocative act and now that Washington has said that what happened was a provocative act, then what response does it provoke?  Mr. CHRISTOPHER HILL (U.S. State Department): Well first of all, we've been in very close contact with all our partners and allies, especially those in the region. Secretary Rice was up very late making calls to her counterparts and I was also doing some calling and I was doing some packing because I'll be heading off to China first, which is not the usual first destination, and then going on to South Korea, Japan and Russia.  SIEGEL: Does the fact that you're going to China first say something about the significance that you feel the Chinese role will be in this crisis?  Mr. HILL: Well, I think that's fair to say. We have a six-party process. It's a pretty good process because essentially what we're saying is this is not a bilateral U.S./North Korea problem. This is a problem involving the region. And indeed, when you look at the kinds of missiles that were fired off, you saw that some of them were going in the direction of Russia. Others seemed to be in the direction of Japan. It's hard to say, but what is clear is it's very much of a regional issue. And we're going to be lashed up pretty closely with our regional partners.  SIEGEL: You say it's a pretty good process because it is regional, it's not unilateral. On the other hand, in terms of the results so far, it doesn't seem to have yielded the results you wanted, that is, the North Koreans proceeded with a test which they were warned mightily would be received very negatively.  Mr. HILL: Well, I agree with you. We're definitely not there in terms of results, but rather than blame the process I think you might want to assign some blame to the North Koreans. We have laid out an overall settlement, which would - this is the September agreement in Beijing, which is agreed in principle - and we need the North Koreans to get serious about implementing it.  That China is in the chair of this process, they're the ones who are responsible for bringing people together. Indeed, the Chinese just asked for a six-party meeting the other day and we told them we'll be there along with everyone else. So now, I think, China has to figure out how they're going to deal with this one country that seems to have trouble making up its mind.  SIEGEL: What would be an appropriate position for the Chinese today?  Mr. HILL: Well, I'm not going to tell the Chinese how to do their work. But, you know China is a neighbor to North Korea. They work closely with North Korea. They have economic relations with North Korea. They have pretty close political relations. After all, they just had the North Korean president touring eight of their cities a few months ago. And I think China needs to make sure that everyone gets to the talk and everyone gets there with the idea of getting this thing implemented. And right now we have a big problem because the North Koreans have clearly taken a different road.  SIEGEL: One inference one might draw fr


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Question: Drakeo The Ruler Released From Jail After Accepting Plea Deal

Los Angeles rapper Drakeo the Ruler is out of jail after the district attorney's office offered him a plea deal following three years in jail. He was held on charges that his band constituted a gang.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Furor over Lott's Remarks Splits Lawmakers

Members of the Congressional Black Caucus seek a formal censure of Sen. Trent Lott (R-MS) for remarks that appeared to endorse America's segregated past. President Bush publicly rebuked his fellow Republican Thursday. Calls for Lott to step down as Senate majority leader draw a mixed response from his colleagues. Hear more from NPR's Bob Edwards and David Welna.

Talk About It:New York Times: Clinton's Civil Rights Lesson -- "Today, a supporter said this while introducing Mrs. Clinton: 'Some people compare one of the other candidates to John F. Kennedy. But he was assassinated. And Lyndon Baines Johnson was the one who actually' passed the civil rights legislation. The comment, an apparent reference to Senator Barack Obama, is particularly striking given documented fears among blacks that Mr. Obama will be assassinated if elected. Mrs. Clinton's expression did not change noticeably when [the woman] made the comment." More: "Dr. King's dream began to be realized when President Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act," Mrs. Clinton said. "It took a president to get it done." For candidates to invoke Dr. King in this way seems like dangerous territory. What do you make of this latest barrage of criticism? Election 2008:NNPA: Congressional Black Caucus Split Between Clinton, Obama Wall Street Journal: Clinton Braces for Second Loss; Union, Senators May Back Obama Washington Times: Huckabee Vows to Defy Birthright Citizenship Nation:CNN: New Jersey Officially Apologizes for Slavery New York Times: A Safety-Net Hospital Falls Into Financial Crisis World:AP: Kenya Opposition Leader Rejects Talks AP: South African Candidate Confirmed AP: War Crimes Trial Resumes for Former Leader of Liberia People:AFP: Colin Powell Pleased by Barack Obama's Success CNN: In Kenya, Obama's Relatives 'Pray' for Victory Op-Ed:Gloria Steinem: Women Are Never Front-Runners Jesse Jackson: Obama's Success Is Making Us All Winners Washington Post: A Candidacy's Prose and Cons


Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: I 933 Gets Mixed Reviews From Farmers

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The provided query could be "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'The Obama administration announced a new head of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the conservator for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. North Carolina Democrat and veteran congressman Melvin Watt ousts the current controversial head.']" and the positive "['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth.', 'Obama Taps Congressman To Oversee Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac']"

Washington State Initiative 933 was put together by the Washington Farm Bureau, which says restrictions on use of private land should be compensated by the state. But surprisingly, not all farmers agree the proposal is in their best interest. Steve Jackson has more:

Stories: 1) Untangling The Complex Foreclosure Mess 2) Finding The Best Of The Bands On The Beatles' Label


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Question: The California Report

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Professional Holiday Decorators. Can't Stop Giving.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Nobel Peace Prize Winner Wangari Matthai

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A discussion with Nobel Peace Prize-winning biologist Wangari Matthai. (pre-recorded)

Stories: 1) Veteran Peacemakers O'Malley, Maharaj on Iraq 2) Nuala O'Faolain, Journalist and Author, Dead at 68


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Question: Hawaii's Spate Of Spam Heists

Cases of Spam are being stolen from Honolulu stores and then sold on the streets for quick cash.

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Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: Morning Edition Returns: Electoral Protest?

One of West Virginia's Republican delegates to the Electoral College says he might not vote for President Bush -- even if Bush wins the popular vote in his state. Richie Robb, mayor of South Charleston, says he doubts he'll actually vote for John Kerry. But an uncast electoral vote could have major implications in what's expected to be a tight race.

Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: Who Is Chen Guangcheng?

After 19 months of house arrest in his rural village, Chinese dissident Chen Guangcheng is believed to be under U.S. diplomatic protection in Beijing. According to supporters, the blind activist escaped last week under the cover of night and made his way 300 miles to China's capital city. Robert Siegel speaks with Sophie Richardson, China director at Human Rights Watch, about the issues that have driven Guangcheng's activism.

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Stories: 1) The Crackdown In Iran, As Seen From Europe 2) Roya Hakakian: An Iranian-American Perspective


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Question: Leaving Federal Mandates...and Money Behind

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State lawmakers are debating whether or not to have Arizona opt out of the federal No Child Left Behind Act.  KJZZ's Mark Brodie has the details.

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State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

A word in Arabic that the president obviously does not know; "Say it ain't so Floyd"; for this  former 'N Sync member, it's not "Bye Bye Bye" it's "Gay Gay Gay".

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: New Live Concerts Podcast

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This is just a brief program note to let you know about our new All Songs Considered live concert podcast.  We've just launched it with a performance by Nickel Creek.  Subscribe to the concerts podcast for access to all the past live shows, including Spoon, The New Pornographers, the Yeah Yeah Yeahs and more.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: From the Ranch: Bush on the Middle East, Iraq, Cuba

From his ranch near Crawford, Texas, President Bush talks to reporters about the issues of the day. He supports the proposed U.N. resolution calling for cessation of hostilities in southern Lebanon, he does not believe that Iraq is sliding into civil war, and he urges Cuban exiles not to mix in as the country faces Castro's illness.

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: The Never-ending Story, Presidential Promises, and Protecting the Passer.