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Question: UVA Bans Fraternities Until January In Wake Of Campus Rape Article

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Citing "great sorrow, great rage" and "great determination," University of Virginia President Teresa A. Sullivan says she's suspending all the school's fraternities until Jan. 9. The move comes days after a Rolling Stone article in which a woman described being gang-raped when she was a freshman in 2012. The magazine's story revolves around the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, which sits in a prestigious spot on campus, at the other end of an athletic field behind the university president's office. In the article, a student named Jackie describes how her initial excitement of being invited to a party at the fraternity was suddenly replaced by fear and violence, as a group of men trapped her in a room and attacked her. The article says Jackie was pressured by peers to keep her story quiet, and that administrators who knew about Jackie's story took no action — even after she reported allegations from two other girls who said they had been assaulted in a similar way at the same fraternity. In a letter to the school's students Saturday, Sullivan said she has asked the Charlottesville police to investigate the incident. Her decision to place a temporary ban on fraternities follows a voluntary move by all UVA fraternities to suspend their social activities for this weekend. Sullivan said that didn't go far enough:  "I write you today in solidarity. I write you in great sorrow, great rage, but most importantly, with great determination. Meaningful change is necessary, and we can lead that change for all universities. We can demand that incidents like those described in Rolling Stone never happen and that if they do, the responsible are held accountable to the law. This will require institutional change, cultural change, and legislative change, and it will not be easy. We are making those changes."  The Phi Kappa Psi fraternity was the target of an immediate backlash after the article was published. On Wednesday, its house was vandalized; on Thursday, the chapter said it had voluntarily surrendered its fraternal agreement with UVA. "Make no mistake, the acts depicted in the article are beyond unacceptable — they are vile and intolerable in our brotherhood, our university community and our society," the group said in a letter to the school newspaper. "We remain ready and willing to assist with the fair and swift pursuit of justice, wherever that may lead." Sullivan has been criticized this week for leaving the campus, and the country, on Wednesday to attend a conference in the Netherlands — a trip the school says was planned back in June. In her absence, one of the university's first attempts to respond to the story backfired, when it hired former U.S. Deputy Attorney General Mark Filip to investigate the matter. After it was revealed that Filip had himself been a Phi Kappa Psi member at an Illinois college, he was taken off the job, local newspaper the Daily Progress reports. Yesterday, Rolling Stone published a follow-up article titled "Rape at UVA: Readers Say Jackie Wasn't Alone," in which people wrote in to describe their own experiences with sexual assault at the university. Similar stories have emerged in comments on the university's Facebook page this week. One comment came from Helen Drogas, who sits on the university's board. She asked that people share their stories in an alumni forum. And she added that she'd only this week learned of a friend's story. "I learned that a college friend of mine had the exact same thing happen to her in a fraternity house," she wrote. "I never knew it, and I was really shaken that women were being victimized then, and still are more than thirty years later." On the UVA campus, a university faculty group has organized a protest for Saturday night over what it calls "a social culture that puts our female students at unacceptable risk," as local NBC News 29 reports. The harrowing story told in Sabrina Rubin Erdely's original article for Rolling Stone suggests how deeply the University of Virginia community might have to dig to find the roots of that culture, as the student says it influences both students and school officials:  "Lots of people have discouraged her from sharing her story, Jackie tells me with a pained look, including the trusted UVA dean to whom Jackie reported her gang-rape allegations more than a year ago. On this deeply loyal campus, even some of Jackie's closest friends see her going public as tantamount to betrayal."  As the UPI news service notes, "UVA is one of 12 schools undergoing 'compliance reviews' by the federal Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights because of 'serious concerns' about several issues, including accusations of sex assaults."

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Airport Security Questions

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John Ydstie and Jacki Lyden reflect on the move to eliminate mandatory questions posed to passengers by airline ticket agents.

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EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Caffeine Gives Athletes An Edge, But Don't Overdo It

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After winning the Tour de France last Sunday, Vincenzo Nibali was tested for a bunch of performance-enhancing substances. But Nibali and his fellow competitors were welcome to have several cups of coffee (or cans of Red Bull), before their ride into Paris; caffeine is not on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned list. Still, the drug is definitely a performance booster. Just in the past few months, studies have shown that caffeine helps female volleyball players hit the ball harder and jump higher, rowers go farther, and cyclists go faster in a 20K time trial. A large body of research shows caffeine helps in "pretty much every kind of endurance exercise," giving a performance advantage of 1.5 percent to 5 percent, says Mark Glaister, an exercise physiologist at St. Mary's University in Twickenham, U.K., and an author of the recent cycling study. "Of all the legal supplements an athlete could take, it has the biggest effect on performance," he says. The suspicion is that caffeine increases the frequency or size of neural transmissions and suppresses pain, he says. It's not clear that it speeds very short sprints — Glaister is studying that — but it can help in any burst of activity that lasts longer than about a minute, he says. Athletes see a benefit with a dose of between 3 to 6 mg per kg of body weight, which means that if a 140-pound cyclist were drinking an average cup of coffee, he'd get a lift after drinking about two to four cups. (Many brands of coffee have a lot more caffeine than the average of about 100 mg per cup, though.) It takes 30 to 60 minutes for caffeine levels to peak in the body and provide the biggest benefit, Glaister says. But if just enough caffeine might make you pick up the pace a bit, too much is a really, really bad idea. Ingesting more than the recommended amount doesn't bring further improvements in performance, Glaister says, and even nondangerous doses can cause anxiety, sleeplessness and restlessness in some people. Worse, large amounts of the drug can be dangerous and even deadly. It's pretty hard to unintentionally get to a toxic dose by drinking coffee, soda or even taking caffeine pills, but it's easy to run into trouble with the powdered pure caffeine that's sold online. Following the May overdose death of a teenager in Ohio, the Food and Drug Administration issued a warning about powdered caffeine, saying it's impossible to accurately measure it with your standard kitchen equipment; 1 teaspoon is equivalent to 25 cups of coffee. Too much caffeine can speed the heart and cause seizures and death, the FDA says. The NCAA has a cap on acceptable caffeine levels in athletes, but the World Anti-Doping Agency removed caffeine from its banned list in 2004. (The agency still monitors levels in athletes to track general usage patterns.) Researchers say the drug is metabolized at different rates by different people, making it tough to rely on a pee test to determine exactly how much an athlete has consumed. And given caffeine's presence in so many products, it's just too difficult for athletes to avoid the drug in the real world, even if they aren't trying to cheat. "It's ubiquitous," says Glaister.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


Question: Interest Rates on the Rise

NPR's John Ydstie reports that the Federal Reserve is expected to raise interest rates today by half a percentage point. Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan and members of the Open Market Committee are concerned that the economy is growing so fast, that it will ignite a new round of inflation. They are considering a more aggressive approach to monetary policy, to keep inflation from accelerating. The Fed has imposed five interest rate increases of a quarter-point each since last June.

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State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Question: Corporate Governance

Guest host John Nielsen talks to Professor Charles Elson, director of the Center for Corporate Governance at the University of Delaware, who believes that most companies in America operate honestly, but that some reforms are needed -- such as making boards and accounting firms more independent.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: The Armed Essential Birdwatcher

Birdwatching is a pastime for many during the quarantine, but one birdwatcher is deemed essential, the one who scares birds off a giant toxic lake at a Superfund site in Montana.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Corporate Responsibility

Disney's CEO Michael Eisner faces a shareholder revolt.  The CEOs of Enron, WorldCom and Tyco say they didn't know what was going on at their companies. All say they had the support of the board of directors. Join NPR's Neal Conan and his guests to discuss who's responsible  -- the CEO or its board members -- for a company's governance and bottom line.

   Guests:

   Kim Masters
  *NPR correspondent, covering the business of entertainment

  Nell Minow
  *Editor of the Corporate Library, a Web site that tracks corporate governance

   James Surowiecki
  *Staff Writer at  The New Yorker  magazine
  *Has a piece in the current issue called "Board Stiffs"
  *Author of forthcoming Wisdom of Crowds

      Bill George
  *Former CEO of Medtronic, a medical technology company
  *Sits on boards of Goldman Sachs, Novartis and Target
  *Author of  Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value

Stories: 1) Overloaded Sewers Lead To 'Toxic Waters' 2) A Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Revisited


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.


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Question: North Korea Threatens 'Toughest Counteraction' After U.S. Moves Navy Ships

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North Korea is threatening "tough counteraction" after a U.S. Navy strike group was routed toward the Korean Peninsula following the rogue nation's continued ballistic missile and nuclear testing. "We never beg for peace but we will take the toughest counteraction against the provocateurs in order to defend ourselves by powerful force of arms and keep to the road chosen by ourselves," the official Korean Central News Agency reported in English, quoting a Foreign Ministry official. "We will hold the U.S. wholly accountable for the catastrophic consequences to be entailed by its outrageous actions," the statement released Tuesday concluded. A version of the statement in Korean said the country will "not miss a chance to sweep the imperialist group with a nuclear fire of justice," but did not elaborate on what it meant. President Trump said in a tweet that North Korea "is looking for trouble." He has stated that China should take a larger role in pressuring the North Korean regime. "If China decides to help, that would be great. If not, we will solve the problem without them! U.S.A.," the president wrote. The Carl Vinson Strike Group is made up of the USS Carl Vinson aircraft carrier and several destroyers, as NPR reported. The Navy said Saturday that the group was relocating toward the peninsula, days after another North Korean ballistic missile test. NPR Pentagon correspondent Tom Bowman told Morning Edition that the move is designed to send a message:  "A carrier, when you see it off the coast, is very impressive and it focuses the mind. But it's not like planes are going to be flying off this aircraft carrier, taking out targets in North Korea. It is basically sending a message."  Last week, the U.S. fired 59 Tomahawk missiles at a Syrian air base in response to a chemical weapons attack in Syria's Idlib province. ABC's This Week asked U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson on Sunday about what message the strikes in Syria should send to North Korea. He replied: "I think the message that any nation can take is if you violate international norms, if you violate international agreements, if you fail to live up to commitments, if you become a threat to others, at some point a response is likely to be undertaken." The administration's objective for North Korea is a "denuclearized Korean Peninsula" and not regime change, Tillerson said. According to the official Rodong Sinmun newspaper, a statement for North Korea's Foreign Ministry called the strikes against Syria "unpardonable." It added: "Our tremendous military muscle with a nuclear force as its pivot serves as a treasured sword of justice for foiling the U.S. shameless high-handed and arbitrary practices and aggression moves and protecting the sovereignty of the country and the right of the nation to existence."

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Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: Corporate Responsibility

Margot Adler talks with Mercedes Cardona, financial editor for Ad Age. She talks about why the majority of U.S. consumers don't want ads on the Sept. 11 anniversary, and the companies who have decided to advertise anyhow.


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Question: BLM Replaces Mountain Landscape Photo With Coal Seam On Home Page

A quiet change to the website photo banner of a relatively obscure federal agency is causing a bit of an outsize stir on social media. On the top of its home page, the Bureau of Land Management, which manages more than 200 million acres of public land under the U.S. Department of the Interior, swapped out a photo of a young boy and his companion backpacking across a mountain meadow in favor of one showing a massive coal seam at a mine in Wyoming. The agency's mission is, after all, to manage federal land for multiple uses — which range from hiking trails along scenic vistas and in remote deserts to oil and gas fields and, yes, coal seams. But on Twitter, environmentalists — along with some satirists — were quick to pounce on the symbolism. The Trump administration hasn't exactly been shy about its plans to increase fossil fuel development on federal land. The BLM is downplaying the latest Twittersphere uproar. More than anything else, spokesman Jeff Krauss tells NPR, the change in home page photos is due to an IT redesign that will once again allow different photos to be rotated through that reflect the agency's multiple-use mission. That used to be standard practice until recently, Krauss says. Despite its low-profile status when compared with other DOI agencies like the National Park Service, the BLM has long been a favorite political target from both sides of the aisle. During the George W. Bush administration, for instance, conservation groups criticized — and sued — the agency for approving a rapid expansion of drilling on public lands. Later, under President Barack Obama, mining groups accused the agency of being too restrictive, and Western ranchers led by Cliven Bundy even led armed standoffs against the agency, protesting its authority to control Western lands. For sure, the stakes are high when it comes to the BLM and the American public's land, which might explain why a seemingly simple photo change ignited as much controversy as it did in this hyperpartisan political climate. Things will probably quiet down Friday, when the agency plans to swap out the coal photo for one reflecting the BLM's recreation programs. Or will they?

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For instance, <<['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'During the presidential campaign, “Trump Digs Coal” signs were prevalent at many rallies, especially in coal country. Trump promised to put laid-off coal miners back to work and revive the struggling industry. The president is expected to issue executive actions soon looking to fulfill that promise. Dan Boyce\xa0(@BoyceDan) from Here & Now contributor Inside Energy reports.']>>  to <<['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR:', "Coal's Future Under Trump"]>>

Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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Question: China OKs 38 Trump Trademarks; Critics Say It Violates Emoluments Clause

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President Trump is on his way to getting something he has wanted for a long time: dozens of valuable "Trump" trademarks in China. China's Trademark Office has now given preliminary approval to 38 new trademarks, covering everything from hotels to golf clubs, insurance and more. After AP reported the news Wednesday, Senate Democrats expressed outrage, noting that Trump's lawyer Sheri Dillon had promised in January that there would be "no new foreign deals" during the Trump presidency. But by pursuing new trademarks, the Trump Organization, which the president continues to own, may be laying the groundwork for expansions in China. Maryland's Ben Cardin said, "For a decade prior to his election as president, Donald Trump sought, with no success, to have lucrative and valuable trademarks granted in the world's biggest market. He was turned down each and every time. The floodgates now appear to be open." Cardin called on the federal departments of Justice, State and Commerce to "brief Congress, immediately, on these matters and on the potential constitutional dangers that they present." Cardin is concerned about violations of the Emoluments Clause of the Constitution, which bars elected leaders from taking anything of value from foreign countries, unless approved by Congress. Dianne Feinstein of California said the trademark approvals are "exactly what the Constitution's Emoluments Clause was designed to prevent, and President Trump is blatantly defying it." Last month, China approved one registered trademark for a Trump-owned construction services business. Kathleen Clark, a government ethics professor at Washington University in St. Louis, told NPR at that time that by giving Trump valuable name rights, Chinese officials may hope they can influence policy decisions. And that represents a breach of the Emoluments Clause, she believes. "What I think this demonstrates is that when Donald Trump is dealing with the Chinese government on behalf of the United States, he also may be thinking about what the Chinese government can do not just for the U.S. but for Donald Trump and his businesses and his own financial well-being," she said. The Trump Organization says it pushes for trademarks to prevent others from using them. "[W]e zealously protect Mr. Trump's valuable name, brand and trademarks," Alan Garten, chief legal officer for the Trump Organization, told The Washington Post in a statement. Trump has been trying for a decade to nail down trademarks in China for a wide range of goods and services, including pet care products, lingerie and computer software. The Trump Organization has been frustrated that many Chinese-owned businesses have used the name "Trump" without paying any licensing fees. The applications for these particular trademarks had been filed last April during the heat of the presidential campaign when Trump was claiming that China steals U.S. jobs. AP says China's Trademark Office published the provisional approvals on Feb. 27. If no one in China objects, they will be automatically registered after 90 days.

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: How The Pandemic Is Widening The Racial Wealth Gap

Joeller Stanton used to be an assistant teacher at a private school in Baltimore and made about $30,000 a year. In mid-March, when the pandemic was just starting, her school closed for what was supposed to be two weeks. "Up to that point, we were under the impression that it wasn't that serious, that everything was going to be OK," Stanton recalls. But as schools in Maryland switched to virtual learning indefinitely, Stanton was let go from her job. She received her last paycheck in March. "I had about $300 savings that was basically gone by the end of March," she says. She says she applied for unemployment but was denied initially. And by April, she had no money to pay for rent and utilities, and was struggling to put food on the table for her two children. Stanton, who is Black, is caught up in a huge wave of economic stress hitting Americans, especially people of color.  Sixty percent of Black households are facing serious financial problems since the pandemic began, according to a national poll released this week by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. That includes 41% who say they've used up most or all their savings, while an additional 10% had no savings before the outbreak. Latinos and Native Americans are also disproportionately affected by the pandemic's economic impact. Seventy-two percent of Latino and 55% of Native American respondents say their households are facing serious financial problems, compared with 36% of whites. "The thing that immediately struck me was how large the gap was by race for the people who said they were facing serious problems," says Valerie Wilson, director of the Program on Race, Ethnicity and the Economy at the Economic Policy Institute. The pandemic's disproportionate financial impact on communities of color reflects — and is worsening — existing racial disparities in wealth, she adds. Struggles with income, housing, food "The three groups that are being just ravaged by this epidemic are reporting unbelievable problems of just trying to cope with their day-to-day lives," says Robert Blendon, professor emeritus of health policy and political analysis at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, who oversaw the poll. Thirty-two percent of Latino and 28% of Black respondents say they're having problems paying rent or mortgages. About a third of respondents in both groups were struggling to pay credit cards or other loans. And 26% of Latino and Native American respondents say they struggle to afford food, while 22% of Black respondents do.  Among households that reported they lost income, survival is even more of a challenge.  For Black respondents, 40% say they're struggling to pay rent or mortgage, and 43% say they're having trouble paying utilities. For Latino households that lost income, 46% say they're struggling to pay mortgage or rent. About a third of both Black and Latino respondents who lost household income said they're struggling to pay for food. The fact that many minority groups are also experiencing higher rates of coronavirus infections makes it even harder for them to cope financially, Blendon adds. "You have people who don't have savings, they can't pay bills," he says. "And then you're going to tell them, 'Well, somebody in the household tested positive, nobody can go work.' How are they going to keep their lives going?" Stanton's sister, who works for the city government, got COVID-19 earlier this year and had to isolate in her basement. "She had a cough, and she couldn't eat because her taste buds were completely gone," Stanton says. "I would cook meals, and I would take it to the basement, put it down on the floor for her." Luckily, she says, no one else in the family — including her 82-year-old mother and her 7-year-old son, who has asthma — got infected. But Stanton says she has lost a sister-in-law to the disease and had a friend in coma for six weeks on a ventilator. She knows of many others in her community who have died.  And most of her co-workers and friends are out of work. Worsening existing disparities Even during the economic recovery of recent years, minority groups were lagging behind, says Wilson of the Economic Policy Institute. "There were significant racial disparities in wages, significant racial disparities in unemployment, significant racial disparities in the kinds of jobs people held." Black, Latino and Native American workers were more likely to have jobs that were lost during the pandemic, Wilson says. A Harvard University analysis of the U.S. Census Bureau's Pulse Survey, released in July, found that 58% of Latino and 53% of Black households experienced loss in earnings early in the pandemic. Wilson's own research has shown that Latino workers have been particularly affected by job losses during the pandemic. Wilson adds that people in these groups are also more likely to have jobs that didn't allow them to work from the safety of their homes, therefore putting the

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Hong Kong, Police Clear Final 'Occupy' Protest Site. -- U.S. Says It Has Closed Its Final Detention Center In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: The Latest On The Congressional Omnibus Spending Bill. (Politico) U.N Official Calls For Prosecution Of U.S. Agents In Harsh Interrogations. (Newsweek) U.S. Finds Medical Bills Lead Americans' Unpaid Debts. (CFPB) Study Finds More Than 5 Trillion Pieces Of Plastic In World's Oceans. (New York Times) British, Irish Prime Ministers Join Northern Irish Peace Talks. (BBC) Falling Oil Prices Swell Alaska's Potential Budget Deficit. (AP) After 12 Days, Missing Boater Found Miles Off Hawaii. (Christian Science Monitor)


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Question: Least Developed Countries

NPR's Ann Cooper reports on a study issued today by the United Nations on the continuing economic struggles of the developing world. Overall growth rates have slightly declined, while those nations in the worst shape are those where governmental authority has collapsed. The report comes one day before the UN hosts a special meeting on Africa, home to some of the world's most impoverished countries.

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Between A Town And Its Bears, A Star-Crossed Relationship

Most people in the town of Old Forge, N.Y., want to refrain from feeding black bears. The trouble is, without the bears coming around as often as they do, North Country Public Radio's Natasha Haverty reports that the town could stand to lose a lot of its tourism. MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:  In upstate New York's Adirondack Mountains, the hamlet of Old Forge is a destination for hikers and campers. Bears like the area too. They seem to be everywhere, and the bear's popularity among tourists and locals has a downside. North Country Public Radio's Natasha Haverty takes us there. NATASHA HAVERTY, BYLINE: Larry Starer owns Candy Cottage on Main Street here in Old Forge. Starer points to the side of the store where a black bear once tried to claw his way in. LARRY STARER: Here's the window, right there. Yeah, they replaced - well, from here down. So he went up over five feet. HAVERTY: Lots of people in Old Forge tell similar stories because encounters with bears have become part of the culture here. Tourists like Greg Settle and his family come every summer expecting to get their real nature experience. GREG SETTLE: We love the bears. We have bears go through our campground - that kind of thing. So when we're camping out at night, the bears come walking through, we get all excited. We chase them around -that kind of stuff. It's a lot of fun. HAVERTY: Bears are a currency around here. The Bear's Den restaurant, Bear In A Tub Laundromat - wooden bear carvings stand all down the main road. Starer has customers all the time who ask where they should throw marshmallows out of their car to lure a bear. Lots of people are just careless with their trash. Other campers leave food out overnight on purpose. One guy in town used to have a picnic table on his lawn where people could sit and watch a bear named Mabel chow down and then buy a T-shirt that said, I fed Mabel. STEVE HEERKINS: The public needs to understand that their actions have ramifications. HAVERTY: Steve Heerkins is with the Department of Conservation in Old Forge. He's the guy that had to shoot the candy store bear. HEERKINS: Do we really want our wildlife eating diapers and garbage and being exposed to metal and glass and - that's not a bear. That's not a wild bear. It's eating a diaper. HAVERTY: Getting caught feeding wildlife intentionally or unintentionally can mean a $250 fine. But candy shop owner Larry Starer thinks punishing tourists won't help Old Forge. STARER: That's going to be one or two or three families a day that will stop coming to Old Forge because they came up to have a good time, and alls they got was a lousy ticket for feeding an animal. HAVERTY: There are lots of people in Old Forge who want to do the right thing - who don't want bears coming into town and causing damage to their businesses. The town's taken some big steps in recent years, putting electric fencing around commercial dumpsters, extending the transfer station hours. Kate Russell, who owns a gift shop and is on the town board, says they're constantly thinking about how to handle the problem without singling out tourists. KATE RUSSELL: It's not their fault. They come here from an urban area and they want to see the animals. They want to see the wildlife. HAVERTY: She says she always stops to try and educate tourists she sees feeding wild animals with mixed results. RUSSELL: Some people take to that, and other people - you know, we've all gotten gestures. (Laughter). HAVERTY: Retired forest ranger Gary Lee lives outside of Old Forge. He says when visitors lure bears to them, they're missing the whole point of wilderness. GARY LEE: People come here and sit on a picnic table bench and get bit by a black fly and figure they've had an Adirondack experience. Well, now they might get nipped by a bear and think they've had an Adirondack experience, so... HAVERTY: We walk to a wild rasberry patch on the edge of the woods. Lee points to where he says a bear was foraging the night was before, and says he doesn't need to get any closer to appreciate that she was there. For NPR News, I'm Natasha Haverty in northern New York.

Stories: 1) Weather Warnings For A 'Climate Changed Planet' 2) 'Stone Arabia': The Cost Of Artistic Commitment 3) Blake Shelton: Out Of The Ordinary, A Country Everyman


Question: Kentucky Democratic Primary To Decide Who Will Face McConnell Shows Split In Party

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Kentuckians on Tuesday will weigh in on the suddenly competitive race among Democrats vying to take on Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell. Former Marine Corps fighter pilot Amy McGrath was the clear favorite in the race early on, having raised millions of dollars with the help of establishment Democratic leaders. But Charles Booker, a 35-year-old Black state representative, has made a late surge after participating in protests over racial violence that erupted in his hometown of Louisville. He's earning endorsements from national progressive leaders such as Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. Results of the race won't be known for several days, as election officials count mail-in ballots. Officials expanded mail-in voting to all eligible voters in an effort to reduce crowds during the coronavirus pandemic. Most of the state's 120 counties will have only one polling place, prompting some national figures to raise concerns about voter suppression, though local election officials and experts say that the large, centralized polling locations will be able to handle turnout. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., courted McGrath to run against McConnell shortly after she lost a close race for a House seat in 2018, paving the way for her to raise an eye-popping $41 million so far in the campaign. She has impressive credentials — she was the first woman to fly in an F/A-18 fighter jet in combat, worked in Congress and at the Defense Department as a foreign affairs adviser and taught at the Naval Academy. To top off the storybook résumé, when she was 13 years old, she wrote McConnell a letter asking him to help undo the ban on women serving in military combat roles. The event became the subject of her campaign launch video last summer. "He never wrote back," she said. McGrath might have easily coasted through the 10-way Democratic primary election, if not for Booker's late surge. Protesters in Kentucky and across the U.S. have been outraged by the death of Breonna Taylor, a 26-year-old emergency room worker from Louisville who was shot to death by police serving a no-knock warrant at her apartment in March. And Booker has been speaking about issues of racism and police violence for a long time. "If you're from certain parts of this state, if you look like I do for instance, you can be seen as a deadly weapon before a human being. And so we've got to address that," Booker said in an interview this month, echoing a line he frequently delivered in the legislature. Since the protests began, a flood of endorsements has rolled in for Booker from local Democrats and national progressive figures such as Sanders, Warren and Ocasio-Cortez. And the attention has helped him raise $2.4 million since the beginning of June, about three times the amount he had raised during the entire race. Booker has also been buoyed by liberal Democratic voters who think McGrath is too moderate. During her campaign launch last summer, McGrath said in an interview that she would have voted to confirm Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court, then retracted the statement hours later. And her opponents have painted her as being too soft on President Trump. She has accused McConnell of getting in the way of the president's agenda. "The things that Kentuckians voted for Trump for are not being done — he's not able to get it done because of Senator McConnell," McGrath said on MSNBC last summer. In response, McGrath has said her words are being twisted. "Wouldn't you want that in a candidate?" McGrath said in a recent online candidate forum. "And I said specifically with regards to prescription drug prices that this current president has said was important to him. Wow, it's important to me too." In many ways, McGrath is running how Democrats in Kentucky have run statewide campaigns for years. Democratic Gov. Andy Beshear managed to avoid weighing in on the president too much during his successful campaign last year. McConnell's opponent in 2014, Alison Lundergan Grimes, refused to even say if she voted for President Barack Obama. Al Cross, a longtime Kentucky political journalist and director of the University of Kentucky's Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues, says Booker will have to convince Democratic voters in the state that lean conservative, but he has a chance. "This is a fairly conservative state. This is a state that is only 10% people of color. But you can't deny the energy of the moment from which Charles Booker is drawing," Cross said. Strategists from both parties say Democrats' chances of winning control of the Senate are getting better this year, but McConnell's seat isn't one they're counting to take the majority. Still, his role as majority leader guarantees that the race will continue to get national attention. Recent polls show McConnell with a low approval rating in the state, but they did in 2014 too and he won reelection by more than 15 points.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Bowling for Columbine

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Michael Moore's new film, Bowling for Columbine, is a quirky look at America's gun culture. Critic Bob Mondello says the film makes a serious discussion of a serious issue undeniably entertaining.

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Herman's Her-mistresses; I Love The '70s: Iran; and Onward to Mars!


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: The Blair Witch Project

Weekend Edition's entertainment critic Elvis Mitchell tells Susan about the new movie "The Blair Witch Project."

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Gene Cernan, Last Man To Walk On The Moon, Dies At 82

The last person to leave footprints on the moon has died. NASA reported that Gene Cernan died Monday at the age of 82, surrounded by his family. Gene Cernan flew in space three times, including twice to the moon. Cernan was big, brash and gregarious. And if he hadn't been lucky, he could have missed his chance to walk on the moon. Cernan challenged himself his whole life. When he entered the military, he chose to be a naval aviator. Landing on an aircraft carrier is perhaps the hardest thing to do in aviation. Cernan did it because it wasn't easy. He said he was constantly pushing himself to do better and be better. "My dad always used to say, 'Just go out and do your best. You're not going to be better than everyone at everything.' And he was right," Cernan said, "I wasn't. But he was also right one other time when he said, 'Someday you're going to surprise yourself. Just do your best and someday you're going to surprise yourself.' " Cernan's final trip in space was also the final time NASA sent people to the moon, the Apollo 17 mission, which took off on Dec. 7, 1972. Four days later, Cernan landed the lunar module on the moon with astronaut Harrison "Jack" Schmitt. Cernan couldn't hide his enthusiasm as he exited the spacecraft, saying, "We'd like to dedicate the first steps of Apollo 17 to all those who made it possible. Oh my golly! Unbelievable!" Decades later, Cernan reflected on that moment in a 2015 NPR interview, no less thrilled to be the last, rather than the first, to go there. "The first steps had been made by others long before I got there. But those were my first steps." Cernan is one of only three people to travel to the moon twice (Jim Lovell and John Young were the others). Before Apollo 17, he flew on Apollo 10, which was the mission just before the first lunar landing. On Gemini 9 in 1966, he conducted the second American spacewalk (which almost ended in disaster). Cernan had trouble controlling his body in the weightlessness of space. He became exhausted. His visor fogged up and he barely had the strength to get back into the capsule and close the hatch. "Fate played another trick because I might not have come home from that flight. We didn't know much about what we're doing [yet]." Dreaming big and working hard were two things Cernan always did. He grew up in Chicago. Neither of his parents went to college, but he earned several degrees in engineering. Despite Cernan's technical background, his time on the moon and in space forever altered his life. Cernan said he gained a new perspective, because "when you leave the Earth, it's not only technologically different — it's philosophically different and it's spiritually different." Many astronauts had difficulty describing what it was actually like to be in space — not in the technical sense, but in finding the words to share that remarkable experience. He chronicled some of them in his 2016 documentary, Last Man on the Moon. "Many of the astronauts didn't really know how to describe that because that's not what they were going there for," said Francis French of the San Diego Air and Space Museum, who has written many books on the space program. "Gene Cernan in the decades after his mission really reflected on that and he [very well described] what that's like." There's something else about Cernan: He had the opportunity to land on the moon during an earlier mission, Apollo 16, as the pilot. But he turned it down, because he wanted to be commander, in charge of the mission. "I sort of felt like I'd been an underdog most of my life," he recalled. "[Achieving the command of Apollo 17], I proved to myself that I was good enough. That I could get the job done. That was a big point in my life." Cernan spent his post-NASA life trying to inspire young people. He once said, "Dream the impossible — and go out and make it happen. I walked on the moon. What can't you do?"

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- U.S. Families Stunned By Russia's Ban On Adoptions. -- Remembering Gen. Schwarzkopf, 'Military Hero Of His Generation'. -- Secretary Clinton Due Back At Work Next Week, 'Foreign Policy' Reports. And the other major story of the day, as we reported late Thursday: -- White House To Host Congressional Leaders Friday For Fiscal Deadline Talks. Meanwhile, other stories making headlines include: -- At Least 17 Deaths Blamed On Winter Storm That Crossed Much Of Nation. (The Associated Press) -- Former President George H.W. Bush Remains In Hospital, But Would Urge Folks To "Put The Harps Back In The Closet," Spokeswoman Says. (Houston Chronicle) -- Shooting Appears To Be Chicago's 500th Homicide This Year. (Chicago Tribune)


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Question: International Space Station

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NPR's Joe Palca reports that NASA is going to ask for millions of dollars to keep the Russians in the International Space Station collaboration. But some members of Congress say they are tired of raising the ante to keep the Russians in. And Russia's commercial rocket-maker, Energiya, suggests that the U.S. should simply drop its dealings with the Russian government and just contract directly with them.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Matthew McConaughey, Getting Serious Again

The leading man known for his good looks and lighthearted charm has made a comfortable career for himself in romantic comedies. Lately, however, he has been taking on more serious roles in films such as Bernie, Magic Mike and most recently Jeff Nichols' Mud.

Stories: 1) Timothy Olyphant: Laying Down 'Justified' Laws 2) Walton Goggins: Playing Bad Boy Boyd On 'Justified' 3) An 'Iron Lady' Fully Inhabited By Meryl Streep


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Question: These Creatives Work Together With Algorithms And Robots To Make Their Art

With Meghna Chakrabarti Art and artificial intelligence. How humans and machines are collaborating on paintings, music compositions and more. Guests Dan Tepfer, pianist, composer and coder. (@tepferdan) Robbie Barrat, 19-year-old artist who works with artificial intelligence. (@DrBeef_) Music And Artwork From The Hour Watch on YouTube. Watch on YouTube. From The Reading List Watch on YouTube. Artnome: “AI Artist Robbie Barrat And Painter Ronan Barrot Collaborate On ‘Infinite Skulls’ ” — “It is early in the year, but the most compelling show for art and tech in 2019 may already be happening. AI artist and Artnome favorite Robbie Barrat has teamed up with renowned French painter Ronan Barrot for a fascinating show that lives somewhere in the margin between collaboration and confrontation. “The L’Avant Galerie Vossen emailed Robbie last April after seeing his AI nude portraits and asked if he would be willing to fly out to Paris to work with Ronan. Robbie agreed and flew out last July to meet with Ronan, and the two have been working together ever since. The show titled ‘BARRAT/BARROT: Infinite Skulls’ opens Thursday, February 7th, and literally features an ‘infinite’ number of skulls. “For the last two decades, it has been artist Ronan Barrot’s tradition to use the remaining paint on his palette to paint a skull each time he stops, interrupts, or finishes a painting. As it was explained to me, the skulls are like a side process of the main painting, it’s like when you clean out your motor after driving for miles and miles. Ronan now estimates that he has painted a few thousand of these, and this massive visual data set of painted skulls was perfect for AI artist Robbie Barrat to use in training his GANs (generative adversarial networks). “GANs are comprised of two neural networks, which are essentially programs designed to think like a human brain. In our case, we can think of these neural networks as being like two people: first, a ‘generator,’ whom we will think of as an art forger, and second, as a ‘discriminator,’ whom we will think of as the art critic. Now imagine that we gave the art forger a book with 500 skulls painted by Ronan as training material that he could use to create a forgery to fool the critic. If the forger looked at only three or four of Ronan’s paintings, he may not be very good at making a forgery, and the critic would likely figure out the forgery pretty quickly. But after looking at enough of the paintings and trying over and over again, the forger may actually start producing paintings good enough to fool the critic, right? This is precisely what happens with GANs in AI art.” WBGO: “With ‘Natural Machines,’ Pianist Dan Tepfer Brings Coding and VR Into an Improv Arena” — “Dan Tepfer is a jazz pianist whose newest project, Natural Machines, brings virtual reality and algorithmic learning into the realm of the concert hall. He appears next Tuesday at National Sawdust in Brooklyn, where his audience will join him in an immersive audiovisual saga. “What kind of music J.S. Bach might be making today? Tepfer has long been obsessed with that composer’s famous Goldberg Variations — making it the subject of his 2011 album, Golberg Variations / Variations — and recently started thinking about how the same idea could propel a state-of-the-art musical idea. “Tepfer, who was formally trained as an astrophysicist but self-taught as a computer programmer, writes his own code for a Yamaha Disklavier, enabling the digital player piano to react to his improvisations in real time.” This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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We look at the origins of three new media giants: Before They Ruled The World, They Were Grad Students; The Very Long Road to Very Short Messages; and Turning Nerds with Webcams Into Stars (Who Are Still Nerds With Webcams).


Question:
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For example, '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details.', "Complications Arise at Hurricane Season's End"]' should have a representation like '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Hurricane season ended Wednesday, but the most damaging season on record just doesn't want to die. A tropical storm is still blowing around the Atlantic; and in Key West, a ceremony to mark the season's end proved unexpectedly tough. Residents wanted to burn two hurricane flags, but the red and black warning flags would not catch fire. The pirate re-enactors in charge of the ceremony didn't get the flags to burn until after they were doused in rum."]' but very far from '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', "It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals."]'.

Question: Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star

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Mozart took the French tune we know as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star, and turned it into a set of variations for piano.  Then Max Raimi came along and turned Mozart's keyboard music into a set of variations for strings.  That string trio music was part of a recent concert by The American Chamber Players in Athens, Georgia.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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"['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth.', 'Social Media Users React To The Insurrection At The U.S. Capitol']" == "['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr!', 'In our weekly social media roundup, we hear about some of the trending topics on Twitter, including Wednesday’s protest at the Capitol building. Here & Now‘s Peter O’Dowd speaks with Femi Oke, host of “The Stream” on Al Jazeera English. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.']" != "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Obama's Farewell Address: How Presidents Use This Moment Of Reflection. -- 5 Things To Watch For In Jeff Sessions' Attorney General Hearings. -- Confirmation Hearings For Betsy DeVos, Trump's Education Pick, Delayed A Week. - In S. Korea, Air Raid Drills Are A Reminder Of N. Korean Threat. And here are more early headlines: Closing Arguments Today In Penalty Phase Of Roof Trial. (Post & Courier) New Pacific Storm Aims At Flooded Western U.S. (Weather.gov) Thailand Flooding Kills 19, Displaces 1 Million. (Bangkok Post) Mexico Deports American Accused Of Shooting U.S. Official. (AFP) Protests Continue Over Mexico's Gas Price Surge. (Los Angeles Times) Thousands Attend Rafsanjani's Funeral In Iran. (Al Jazeera)"]"

Question: Nope, Those Aren't Mailboxes: Paris Rolls Out Sidewalk Urinals

In Paris, authorities are taking an unusual approach to combat the scourge of public urination: Make urination even more public. The city is experimenting with completely exposed, eco-friendly urinals. The devices are called "Uritrottoir," which combines the words for urinal and pavement. They're not at all subtle. They're bright red and in heavily trafficked areas — for example, directly next to the Seine near the Notre Dame Cathedral. And if there's any confusion, a large white and red sign with a red arrow and a cartoon of a man peeing probably clears it up. French authorities say they are using this "surprising solution" to try to supplement existing toilets in heavily congested areas where there are urine issues. "The interest of this new urban fixture lies in its mobility, ease of installation and use, as well as its ecological dimension," city authorities said in a statement. They introduced three of these toilets in March and added a fourth in July. They're planning to install a fifth urinal soon. The new additions have appalled some residents, such as Paola Pellizzari, who owns a Venetian art store. "There's no need to put something so immodest and ugly in such an historic spot," she tells Reuters. Some others view the urinals as straightforwardly sexist. "They have been installed on a sexist proposition: men cannot control themselves (from the bladder point of view) and so all of society has to adapt," Gwendoline Coipeault of the feminist group Femmes Solidaires tells the news service. "The public space must be transformed to cause them minimum discomfort." The designers advertise their product as "the urban ecological solution for civilizing 'wild peeing.' " Men pee into the receptacle, which is filled with straw and other composting materials to keep odors down. That material eventually becomes compost that can be used to fertilize plants. On top of the Uritrottoir is a small flower garden to "beautify your public spaces." City authorities even said this could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used. This isn't the first time Paris has tried to tackle the "wild peeing" problem, according to The Guardian:  "In its effort to stem the flow, Paris has installed some 400 self-contained, self-cleaning, unisex public toilets known as Sanisettes, free to use since 2006. It also employs a small army of street sanitation workers who disinfect and deodorise thousands of square metres of walls and pavements every month."  Laurent Lebot, a designer of the Uritrottoir, tells the newspaper that the device isn't a complete fix to the problem. Still, "drunk blokes just keep pissing," he said. "People may laugh at our solution, but it could just work."

represent the input

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Provided: "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Congressional leaders tout that the legislative branch is a separate but equal arm of the government, but in debates over spending, trade and foreign policy, it has ceded considerable power to the executive.']" Match: "['Represent the input', 'Anxiety Is Growing In Congress Over How Much Power A President Can Wield']"

Good morning, here are our early stories: Democrats Unleashed Some 'Dubious Or Misleading Claims,' Fact Checkers Say. Michelle Obama: 'Being President...Reveals Who You Are.' And here are other morning headlines: Deadly Shooting Breaks Out At Victory Party For Quebec's First Female Premier-Elect. (CTV) U.N. Says Nations Arming Both Sides In Syrian Conflict. (Reuters) Hurricane Isaac Washed Old Tar Ashore In Louisiana, Triggering Fishing Restrictions. (AP) Pirates Off Nigeria's Coast Hijack Oil Tanker. (BBC) Unification Church Readies For Thousands Attending Rev. Moon's Funeral. (AFP) Striking Workers March Near Troubled South African Platinum Mine. (AFP) Apple Issues Invitation To Mystery 'Event': Could It Be A New IPhone? (CNET) The Pigs Of 'Angry Birds' Fame Get Their Own Mobile Game. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Senate Report Faults FAA And Boeing For Failures In Review Of 737 Max

Senate investigators have heaped criticism on both Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration, finding a series of failures and improprieties during the review process that put the troubled Boeing 737 Max jetliner in the sky.  The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation laid out the fatal missteps in a scathing report issued Friday. "Our findings are troubling," the committee chairman, Sen. Roger Wicker, R-Miss., said in a statement accompanying the report.  He said the Senate probe — launched in April 2019, after a pair of crashes involving the plane killed hundreds of people in Indonesia and Ethiopia -- analyzed comments from dozens of whistleblowers and FAA staff, as well as thousands of pages of documents. "The report details a number of significant examples of lapses in aviation safety oversight and failed leadership in the FAA," Wicker said. "It is clear that the agency requires consistent oversight to ensure their work to protect the flying public is executed fully and correctly." Among those "lapses" is the claim that Boeing officials were allowed to improperly influence the outcome of tests of the aircraft's faulty flight control system, known as MCAS. The system software, while intended to keep the plane from stalling, has been blamed for forcing the plane into nosedives that pilots have struggled — and in the case of the two crashes, failed — to recover from. After the plane was grounded worldwide in March 2019, it underwent a review for recertification in the U.S. Last month the FAA cleared the Boeing 737 Max to resume passenger flights, provided that it undergoes a series of significant design changes and observes new requirements for pilot training and maintenance. But the Senate committee found fault with the tests that ultimately resulted in the plane's recertification in the U.S., including the claim that FAA officials and representatives from Boeing together "established a pre-determined outcome" to those tests. "Boeing officials inappropriately coached test pilots in the MCAS simulator testing contrary to testing protocol. This test took place over a year after the second 737 MAX crash and during recertification efforts," the report alleges. "It appears, in this instance, FAA and Boeing were attempting to cover up important information that may have contributed to the 737 MAX tragedies." The Senate report also detailed a number of other problems at the FAA and its parent agency, the Department of Transportation, including:  Retaliations against whistleblowers and failures to hold FAA senior managers accountable for inadequate training protocols The Transportation Department's failure to "produce relevant documents" requested by the committee Possible obstruction by "FAA senior leaders" of a review of the 737 MAX crashes by a Transportation Department inspector general.   "This dysfunction," the report concluded, "inserts an unnecessary risk to the flying public." In a statement emailed to NPR on Saturday, the FAA pushed back on what it described as the report's "unsubstantiated allegations." "Working closely with other international regulators, the FAA conducted a thorough and deliberate review of the 737 MAX," the agency said. "We are confident that the safety issues that played a role in the tragic accidents involving Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 have been addressed through the design changes required and independently approved by the FAA and its partners." Boeing, too, said in a statement that the company "learned many hard lessons" from the pair of disasters — though Boeing did not address the report's allegations specifically. For both Boeing and the FAA, the Senate committee's findings represent the second damning congressional report in roughly three months. The House Transportation Committee in September found that Boeing had displayed "a disturbing pattern of technical miscalculations and troubling management misjudgments," while the FAA suffered from "numerous oversight lapses and accountability gaps." Still, those findings have not dissuaded several airlines from resuming flights with the troubled aircraft. Brazil's Gol Airlines resumed commercial service with the jetliner earlier this month, a week after Ireland's Ryanair placed an order estimated to cost more than $7 billion.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Acting FBI Boss To Take Comey's Place At Senate Intel Hearing. -- Workers Take Jefferson Davis Statue Off Its Pedestal In New Orleans. -- Ex-Massey Energy CEO Completes 1-Year Federal Criminal Sentence. -- Dissident Rebels In Colombia Ignore Peace Treaty And Continue Extortion. And here are more early headlines: Tillerson Joins Arctic Nations Officials Meeting In Alaska. (AP) Montana Glaciers Shrinking At Tremendous Rate. (USGS) Venzuelan Protesters Fling Feces At Government Forces. (Washington Post) Energy Department To Study Tunnel Cave-In At Nuclear Waste Site. (NBC) VA Chief Says More Time Needed To End Veteran Homelessness. (AP) Boeing Halts New Plane Delivery To Test Potential Engine Problem. (Seattle Times)


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Question: The Sound of Silence

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Molly Hullinger lost the ability to hear speech nearly 30 years ago, but that didn't stop her from attending a recent Paul Simon concert. She loves music. Even if she can't understand the words, she can hear some of the low tones, and she can feel the beat.  She also got help from three interpreters who were on hand to sign the lyrics. The interpreters are with Sign Language Associates, a Maryland-based company that provides interpretation at a variety of events, including conferences, government hearings and theater productions. Requests for sign-language interpreting at concerts started coming in after the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in 1990. It required venues to provide access for people with all kinds of disabilities, including hearing loss. Depending on the concert, there could be one deaf person in the audience, or as many as 20 or 30.  In most cases, the artist ultimately covers the cost of the interpreters.  To prepare for the Paul Simon concert, Janet Bailey, president of Sign Language Associates, and two other interpreters listened to Simon's music for two weeks. Line by line, they figured out different ways to interpret his songs. Signing music is not about word-for-word translation, Bailey said. It is about trying to convey meaning. Sign interpreters think conceptually, considering flow, rhythm and whether the signs convey visually the mood that each song tries to convey. ROBERT SIEGEL, host:  Live music events are a staple of summer. For most of us, they're a chance to see and, of course, hear our favorite artists. Now imagine not being able to hear or sing along.  Well, NPR's Andrea Hsu has this report on what the concert going experience is like for the deaf.  ANDREA HSU reporting:  It's a hot, sticky night at Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, Maryland. Thousands of Paul Simon fans gather on the vast lawn. More take their pavilion seats indoors, among them, Molly Hullinger.  Ms. MOLLY HULLINGER (Deaf Concertgoer): I'm with my husband and good friend, Carrie, and her husband Pat.  HSU: Molly Hullinger is deaf. She lost the ability to hear speech in her early 20s - that was about 30 years ago. So you might ask, what's she doing here?  Ms. HULLINGER: Well, I'll make this very simple, I'll make it very clear, real fast. I like old music because back when I had more hearing, I learned the music and I learned the words to it. So I go see oh, Grateful Dead, Barry Manilow, things like that. The new singers I can't understand at all.  So an event like with Paul Simon, I got his new album, so I play it and listen to the music but I can't understand any of the words. When I come here tonight, she'll tell me the words and then when I go back home I'll remember some of the words, you know.  HSU: She is Janet Bailey, a sign language interpreter who's been interpreting my questions. She's one of three interpreters here tonight to sign lyrics for Hullinger. Who, by the way, is the only deaf person in this audience.  (Soundbite of audience clapping)  HSU: The lights dim. The crowd gets impatient. Finally - (Soundbite of applause)  HSU: Paul Simon takes the stage. But let's back up for a moment to the morning of the concert. Janet Bailey and co-worker Kevin Dyels are in final rehearsals for tonight's show.  Mr. KEVIN DYELS (Sign Language Interpreter): So I was just doing this for Cecelia.  HSU: Dyels runs through the signs he's chosen.  Mr. DYELS: Breaking my heart, I'm crushed, I'm crushed, my confidence is lost.  HSU: They've been listening to Paul Simon on their iPods for two weeks straight and in every spare moment, rehearsing their translations. All to make sure Molly Hullinger enjoys the concert.  Ms. JANET BAILEY (Sign Language Interpreter): I fell on the floor and I'm laughing.  Mr. DYELS: Yeah.  Ms. BAILEY: How are you doing that?  HSU: Bailey and Dyels have considered the various signs for laughter.  Ms. BAILEY: I'm suggesting the ha, ha, ha laugh, as opposed to the - HSU: Janet Bailey founded her company, Sign Language Associates, in 1982. It staffs conferences, hospital visits, theatre productions and video relay services. Requests for concerts started coming in after the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in 1990. It required venues to provide equal access for people with all kinds of disabilities, including hearing loss.  This season, the company will interpret at some 50 concerts in the Washington, D.C., area. But it's not a cash cow. For tonight's gig, including all the prep time, the three interpreters will earn a total of $700. Kevin Dyels says it's not about the money.  Mr. DYELS: We're finally able to give deaf people access to a part of American culture that they never had access to. And as such, there's a certain responsibility you feel to that audience, you know. They can't hear the music so they're - well, most of them can't hear the music - some of them have some residual hearing, right. So they're not going to get the aural experience. So we try to give t


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Question: Ballads from the Bard

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The provided query could be "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'It\'s funny how we all seem to think — and say — the same things. A number of you wrote in over the last day or so with the same thought. You can get used to the physical part of cancer: the pain, the nausea, all of the symptoms of cancer and its treatments that beat up our bodies. When I say "get used to" I don\'t mean that it ever gets easy. You just learn what\'s coming, and how to get through it. It\'s the mental part that\'s the toughest. That\'s where the beast does the most harm. You learn tricks to lessen the nausea, but how do you get past the depression, the anxiety, the fear? Those really are more painful than the toughest round of chemo. It can be almost paralyzing sometimes. Surrounded by friends and loved ones, you can feel alone. On a beautiful day, the world can look pretty dark. You want to go do something, even something simple like a short walk, but sometimes making your body take that first step is just too hard. It\'s the mind that keeps us awake at night. We worry. What will happen next? Will it be painful? What will they find in my next scans? What the heck is happening inside my body? There\'s no easy solution, no easy way to soothe that voice in our heads. I think the only thing we have to fight the mental demons with is will. Sheer willpower. It\'s easy to say, "Oh, just pick yourself up and move on." Incredibly hard to do sometimes. But in the end, that\'s what we do. We make our feet move, we force a smile, we push the fear and the dark thoughts out of our minds so we can focus on something else. We persevere. The medical community is making great strides in cancer research. New drugs, new treatments that will attack the tumors and kill or at least damage them. I have no doubt that in the coming years, there will be all sorts of new things to keep the cancer cells in check. But there\'s really nothing that can help cage the beast in our minds. Except for us. And that\'s a lonely fight sometimes, but a fight that we can\'t walk away from.']" and the positive "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'The Mental Challenge']"

"If music be the food of love, play on." So wrote William Shakespeare in Twelfth Night. And to celebrate the 440th anniversary of the Bard's birthday -- April 23 -- why not listen to the music from his works? In Shakespeare's Songbook, author and musician Ross Duffin has recovered and collected 160 songs from the plays of Shakespeare. Many are pieces put to music for original theatrical productions. To come up with lesser-known melodies and lyrics, Duffin combed through manuscripts and folios, seeking the most authentic interpretations possible. Shakespeare’s scripts often contained only vague allusions to songs that were previously undocumented. The result is a book and CD of annotated ballads, drinking songs, love songs and rounds that reflect the rich variety of Shakespeare's work. NPR's Robert Siegel speaks to Duffin about Shakespeare's Songbook and the music it contains.

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Provided: "['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Believe it or not, medicinal marijuana in relatively easy to purchase in some states. The Los Angeles City Council recently adopted an ordinance that puts strict controls on marijuana dispensers operated by private retailers, many of whom  get their inspiration from a textbook titled Marijuana Horticulture: The Indoor/Outdoor Medical Grower's Bible by Jorge Cervantes. Host Michel Martin speaks with Cervantes (who for years went by a pseudonym for fear of legal backlash) about the increasing interest in harvesting medicinal marijuana and how his brand of multi-platform teaching tools have established him as an expert, of sorts, on growing and selling marijuana — the legal way."]" Match: "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Want To Grow Marijuana (Legally)? 'Weed' Expert Pens Textbook"]"


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Question: National Park Service

To celebrate the National Park Service's 86th birthday, Liane talks to Robin Winks, a professor of history at Yale University, who also teaches at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, about the origins of the national park system. Winks says the largest problem for the parks is to remain unimpaired while staying accessible to the public.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Vietnam Veterans Memorial

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Robert talks with Jan Scruggs, founder and president of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, about a proposal to build an underground visitors' center and educational center. Scruggs has been leading an effort to get the $10-million, 8,000 square-foot structure approved by Congress for the past three years. Robert also talks with various people visiting the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall and asks them what they think of the present structure and if a educational center would be an important addition. For more information about the Wall and the proposed www.vvmf.org.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: How To Make A Civics Education Stick

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How do you teach kids to be active participants in government? Or to tell the difference between real news and fake news? In their last legislative sessions, 27 states considered bills or other proposals that aim to answer these questions. Many of those proposals are rooted in popular ideas about the best ways to teach civics, including when kids should start, what they should learn and how to apply those lessons. Here's a look at some of those concepts. Start when they're young, go into college Little kids know about rules. If you explain the reasons behind the rules, they'll understand that, too. Charles Quigley, executive director of the Center for Civic Education, says children grasp these concepts as early as kindergarten. That's also a good time to introduce the idea of authority, and that people in authority should follow their own rules. He warns against waiting until high school. "The knee-jerk reaction to teach civics in high school is too little, too late," he says. "What's the dropout rate in some places? Forty percent? Some never get to that high school class." And according to Jim Shon of the Hawaii Educational Policy Center, civics education needs to extend into college. When kids grow up together in school, they build a community and are invested in it. He says after graduation, that community often disappears. "It is kind of hard to make students grasp the idea that, 'Oh, there's still greater community beyond what you had in school.' That's the baseline of a civic education. This is our community of our country." This year, both Florida and Missouri approved a civics requirement for public college students. Be inclusive No one is born with an inherent knowledge of how the U.S. government works, and everyone has some interaction with government every day. But some students learn more about their government than others. On the civics portion of the National Assessment of Educational Progress, commonly called the "Nation's Report Card," students of color and low-income students have consistently scored lower than their white, wealthier counterparts. "If there are students who are not receiving adequate instruction in civics education, and if those students are among the disadvantaged groups, then that's going to perpetuate some of the barriers to political participation and representation that we've seen in the past," says Elizabeth Levesque, an education research fellow at the Brookings Institution. That distance between marginalized communities and government has a disenfranchising effect. "What's happening is the affluent communities — political elites — are getting a good civics education," Charles Quigley says. "This is contributing to the empowerment gap." Create a lab for civics learning The principles of the U.S. government are enshrined in founding documents, but civics classes don't have to be a narrow, boring reading of those texts. "You'd never have a biology class without having a lab," says Louise Dubé, executive director of iCivics. "Kids must know, they must learn, they must evaluate, they must have the skills — but they must also do." Dubé's organization, founded by retired Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, creates free games and lessons for civics teachers. The games teach students about their personal rights, how local government works and how to anchor their opinions in facts. iCivics is also part of a group supporting a Massachusetts bill that would incorporate hands-on civics projects into the state's curriculum. At one Florida middle school, students learned about laws by writing bills — and in 2003, one of those bills made it to the Florida legislature. A class at Hialeah Middle School came up with the proposal, which would prohibit having and selling drugs within 1,000 feet of public spaces frequented by children. When it passed into law, then-Florida Gov. Jeb Bush held the signing ceremony at their school outside Miami. Michelle Montesino, now 29, was part of that class and still remembers that day. "It definitely showed me that if you believe in something and you feel something is important, to not be afraid to voice it," she says. But you don't need to draft legislation to learn about civics. When social studies teacher Todd Heuston stands in front of his students on the first day of class in Anchorage, Alaska, he knows some of them just aren't interested. "A lot of students are trying to find ways to take my U.S. government class online," he says. "They don't see any value in it other than it's simply just another hurdle or hoop to go through before graduation." It's hard to get his students to connect with what's happening in Washington, so Heuston focuses on local issues like curfew laws and marijuana policy. Then, when national issues come up, his students know how to ground their opinions in facts. "They don't always apply calculus every single day. They don't always apply history every day. But citizenship, civic engagement and involving themselves i

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Stories: 1) Our Digital Lives, Monitored By A Hidden 'Numerati' 2) Michael Cera, Making The Perfect 'Playlist' 3) Newman Reflects On An Acting (And Active) Life


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Question: Mexican Author Carlos Fuentes

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In his new novella, Inez, Carlos Fuentes weaves the tale of a lovelorn orchestra conductor, a young Mexican soprano and a mysterious crystal seal. Morning Edition host Bob Edwards talks with the celebrated writer about his book and the real-life opera that permeates it.


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Question: Public Transportation

Brenda Tremblay of member station WXXI reports that Cynthia Wiggins a black teenager was killed after getting off a city bus in Buffalo in her way to work at a new suburban mall from her home in a poor neighborhood. The case is prompting an examination of public transportation policies. (


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Question: International Space Station

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NPR's Michele Kelemen reports from Kazakstan that a Russian Proton booster rocket lifted off from a launch-pad in Kazakstan today, carrying the first part of the new international space station into orbit.


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Question: Answers Demanded After Black Man In California Found Hanging From Tree

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Family members and protesters want answers in the death of a 24-year-old black man found hanging from a tree in Palmdale, Calif. A similar death happened in late May in a nearby city.

Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star

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Mozart took the French tune we know as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star, and turned it into a set of variations for piano. Then Max Raimi came along and turned Mozart's keyboard music into a set of variations for strings. That string trio music was part of a recent concert by The American Chamber Players in Athens, Georgia.

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