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Question: Falun Gong, Steve Bannon And The Trump-Era Battle Over Internet Freedom

Of all the disruptions unleashed by the Trump White House on how the federal government typically works, the saga of one small project, called the Open Technology Fund, stands out. The fantastical tale incorporates the spiritual movement Falun Gong, former White House strategist Steve Bannon, the daughter of a late liberal congressman and a zealous appointee of former President Donald Trump. And specifically, it involves a fierce, months-long battle over whether the U.S. Agency for Global Media and the U.S. State Department should subsidize software developed by adherents of Falun Gong that auditors found wanting. The decision to prioritize this software stripped money intended for critical apps from a federal fund designed to bolster technology vital to dissidents overseas, officials say.  On top of that, once the software was approved for funding, a grand total of four people abroad used it to access Voice of America and Radio Free Asia, a key purpose for its subsidy. That's right, four. The whole fight was, in short, bananas. Yet the consequences were serious. Executives lost their jobs. The U.S. government froze nearly $20 million in funds for other tech projects that helped democracy advocates evade authoritarian regimes. "Any time a journalist or human rights defender — whether they're in China or Iran or Russia — picks up one of our technologies, we know and they know that they are being protected as best as they possibly can," says Laura Cunningham, who was fired as president of the Open Technology Fund under Trump and then restored to her position. "To push OTF to reduce those standards around security and effectiveness? It's not just watering down or pushing aside laws and regulations. It is literally putting people's lives in jeopardy." The State Department's inspector general has been investigating a whistleblower's allegations — first being made public by NPR in this story — that the concerted effort to divert funds to the Falun Gong software Ultrasurf was a criminal conspiracy. The pressure campaign begins There is a technology arms race between repressive governments seeking to clamp down on free expression and people seeking to evade such restrictions without leaving fingerprints. Adherents of Falun Gong first developed Ultrasurf nearly two decades ago to get around censors in China and elsewhere. Early on, Ultrasurf seemed a highly promising tool in aiding activists and journalists to talk securely online. It earlier received development money from the State Department and the predecessor agency to USAGM. In the U.S., Falun Gong practitioners have put on colorful cultural festivals and mass meditations. They've also proselytized its beliefs, which largely focus on the powers of meditation but can be extreme. Some teachings condemn homosexuality, alcohol, smoking and sex outside marriage. Chinese authorities first banned Falun Gong more than two decades ago. They have called it a cult and sought to restrict its influence in other countries; advocacy groups such as Freedom House and Human Rights Watch have documented the persecution. The group's profile rose sharply in the U.S. during the Trump era. People with close ties to Falun Gong own The Epoch Times, which has promoted pro-Trump conspiracy theories in its pages and in videos posted to Facebook and YouTube. Falun Gong provided ballast for Trump's rhetoric against China. Yet its Ultrasurf software appealed to some advocates on the left and right. Among the strongest proponents for federal funding are Katrina Lantos Swett, the daughter of the late Rep. Tom Lantos, a liberal Democrat, and conservative activist Michael Horowitz, the former director of the Project for International Religious Liberty at the right-of-center Hudson Institute. Swett serves as the head of the human rights foundation named after her father, who survived the Holocaust as a child and went on to represent California in the House, leading the House Foreign Affairs Committee in his final years. She has run unsuccessfully several times in Democratic primaries for federal office in New Hampshire. In October 2019, Swett argued that Congress should require the U.S. Agency for Global Media to devote $25 million to so-called firewall-circumvention technology. "The United States has a momentous opportunity to send a strong message condemning censorship and digital authoritarianism by supporting proven large-scale circumvention tools," Swett wrote in the fall of 2019. "With clear Congressional leadership and direction, we hope that the new leadership at the USAGM will again engage in funding long proven tools that can provide Internet access to millions of users in closed societies every day." Among the few software platforms she cited: Ultrasurf. Ultrasurf's secrecy made fund officials wary Programs with similar ambitions have been funded through the Open Technology Fund. The fund originally sat under USAGM as a division of Radio Free Asia. In September 2019, it was spun off w

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Kerry Seen Winning German Good Will, Not Troops

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Observers say a John Kerry presidency would likely improve U.S. ties to Germany, but call it unrealistic to think Kerry could persuade Germany to send troops to reinforce U.S. forces in Iraq. Hear NPR's Steve Inskeep and Josef Joffe of German newspaper Die Zeit.

Good morning, here are our early stories: After Chávez: His 'Revolution' Is Likely To Continue. Storm Brings Season's Heaviest Snowfall To Midwest, Mid-Atlantic. And here are more early headlines: Brennan's CIA Nomination On 'Fast Track'; Vote May Come As Early As Thursday. (AP) Finally! Last Cardinal Expected Soon At Vatican To Help Choose New Pope. (CNN) Could Dow's New Record Prompt More Spending By Wealthy? (Marketwatch) European Union Fines Microsoft For Denying Consumers Web Browser Choice. (Reuters) After Two Years Of Fighting, Syria Has 1 Million Refugees. (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles City Councilman, Controller, Headed For Mayoral Runoff. (KPCC) Czech Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Under Attack By Hackers. (Reuters) Did The Duchess Of Cambridge Drop A Hint About Her Baby's Gender? (People)


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Question: House Ethics Committee Expands Rangel Investigation

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The House Ethics Committee just announced it is expanding its investigation of Ways and Means Committee Chairman Charles Rangel, D-N.Y., NPR's Andrea Seabrook reports from the Capitol. The committee also reported that so far it has authorized nearly 150 subpoenas, interviewed more than 30 witnesses and analyzed more than 12,000 pages of documents. Rangel, who has maintained his innocence, faces questions about a variety of issues. Those include: -- Failure to disclose rental income from a villa in the Dominican Republic. -- The renting of four apartments in Harlem at below-market rates while claiming his Washington, D.C., home as his primary residence. -- Failing to fully disclose hundreds of thousands of dollars in other income.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Iran's Foreign Minister: Renegotiating Nuclear Deal Would Damage U.S. Credibility. -- Border Patrol Agent Acquitted In 2012 Fatal Shooting Of Mexican Teen. -- Prince's Family Files Wrongful Death Suit Against Hospital, Pharmacy Chain. -- Facebook Updates Community Standards, Expands Appeals Process. And here are more early headlines: Report: Confirmation Hearing To Be Delayed For V.A. Nominee. (Washington Post) Suit Filed Against New Indiana Abortion Law. (Indianapolis Business Journal) Government Seeks E-Coli Source In Contaminated Lettuce. (Washington Post) Despite Government Action, Nicaragua Protests Continue. (Los Angeles Times) New Afghanistan Attacks Leave 9 Dead. (RFE/RL) Ukrainian Agency Hit By Ransomware. (Reuters)


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Question: Study Sheds Light on Why Kids Grow Out of ADHD

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About half the children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) seem to grow out of it by the time they're in their 20s. In a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers found that some brain regions in children with ADHD tend to mature later than normal. Guest: Jon Hamilton, NPR's science correspondent ANTHONY BROOKS, host:  This is TALK OF THE NATION. I'm Anthony Brooks in Washington.  Right now, a new study on the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder among young children, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD. Researchers from the National Institute of Mental Health and McGill University found that some brain regions in children with ADHD develop normally but tend to mature later in the brains of children without the disorder. This could explain why some kids diagnosed with ADHD seem to outgrow it. It also helps put to rest the debate about whether or not ADHD results from a brain deficiency.  If you have questions about ADHD or what the study might mean for children with the disorder, our number here in Washington is 800-989-8255. The e-mail address is talk@npr.org.  And we're joined now by NPR's science correspondent Jon Hamilton who's been covering this, and he joins us here in Studio 3A. Welcome.  JON HAMILTON: Hi. Good - great to be here.  BROOKS: Good to have you. So give us some details about the study. What precisely did it conclude? What does it tell parents about ADHD and its root causes?  HAMILTON: Well, what's different about this study was that instead of looking at - often these studies look at brain scans of children who have the disorder or don't have the disorder. This study did something a little different in that it was able to take brain scans at multiple points in time of the same kids. So you were not only able to look at their brains at any given point in time, you were able to look and see how the brain developed. And they were looking at - the way they describe it in the paper, is they call it maturation.  But in fact, what they were looking at was the thickness of the cortex. This is the outer mantle of the brain where we do a lot of our thinking. And they look to see when that mantle reached its maximum thickness. And what they found, when they compared, they saw that all kids went through the same pattern where it starts out relatively thin, it gets thicker, and then it thins out again into the teen years. And what they found was that in kids who had ADHD, the group that had ADHD, they were maturing, they were reaching this maximum thickness about three years later than the other kids. But then, after that, it appeared that they were heading toward the same place that the typical kids were.  BROOKS: Hmm. So what parts of the brain show this delay in maturation and does that sort of explain some of the complications that these children have?  HAMILTON: Well, you could see it in a number of parts of the brain. But it was most pronounced in the front part of the cortex. And there's a part of the brain that's often referred to as the executive center. It's where - it controls our behavior and helps us make good decisions. And it also has things to do with focus and attention. And, of course, those are exactly the things that seem to go awry in kids who have ADHD. So in fact, you are seeing - you're seeing this biggest difference in the place exactly where you would expect to in the brain.  BROOKS: Hmm. And what's the sort of underlying implication of these findings? In other words, we know that ADHD is a fairly common diagnosis, should this bring some measure of comfort to people whose children have the diagnosis because we're talking about slowness developed rather than a deficiency or a malformation or some other kind of problem?  HAMILTON: Well, it's certainly - it gives some comfort to know that many kids then when you look at their brains, they do seem to mature later but seem to be heading for the same direction as other kids. That certainly is reassuring.  However, the thing that's not clear is just because as a group, these kids' brains matured later and seem to be catching up as everyone, that doesn't mean that every child does. And in fact, there are many adults with ADHD who you presume their brains have not caught up with other people as perhaps half of all the kids diagnosed with ADHD. And these researchers suspect that if they were to get enough people that they could break it down into smaller groups, you would see some kids, a subgroup of kids whose brains don't catch up.  BROOKS: Hmm. And does it say - do we learn anything about medications that are routinely prescribed to children with ADHD? Do stimulant medications taken by children affect brain development in any way? Do we know anything about that?  HAMILTON: Well, a lot of the kids in this study were medicated, as is true of almost any group of kids that have ADHD. And there's been a lot of questions raised in the past about

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Thousands Protest Across Syria Despite Crackdown

Syrian security forces opened fire on thousands of protesters Friday, killing at least six people as soldiers tried to head off demonstrations by occupying mosques and blocking public squares, human-rights activists said. A leading activist told The Associated Press that three people were killed in Homs, two in Damascus and one in a village outside Daraa, the southern city where the nationwide uprising began in March. He asked that his name not be used for fear of reprisals by the government. In Damascus, the capital, three rallies were held — the largest number of protests held at one time in the city during the two-month revolt against President Bashar Assad. Thousands in Syria have persevered with the demonstrations, turning up in huge numbers on Fridays — the Islamic day of prayer — only to be met by security forces with bullets, tear gas and batons. One activist in Homs, speaking on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisals, said security forces dressed in black and shadowy pro-regime gunmen known as "shabiha" were doing the shooting. He said the regime forces first fired in the air, then shot directly into the crowd as protesters continued their way. The clashes came after an adviser to the Syrian government said Assad had ordered security forces not to shoot at protesters. Syrian journalist Talib Ibrahim, who regularly speaks for the regime, told Al-Jazeera the military "has been successful at breaking up the armed gangs behind these protests, so now there is no reason to shoot." Human-rights groups say that between 700 and 850 people have been killed since the start of the revolt against Assad's repressive regime. Homs On Edge Martin Fletcher, associate editor for The Times of London, told All Things Considered that the city of Homs was "extremely tense." "It was flooded with security personnel — some in uniform, some in plainclothes, all armed," he said. "In the more troublesome ... districts, there were ... groups of tanks at every junction. On the very northern edge, I counted at least 100 tanks standing by the highway, parked, waiting for an eventuality." Fletcher, who had been in Syria under the guise of a tourist, was stopped at a checkpoint and briefly detained after security personnel looked at his passport. "They saw that I had been in both Egypt and Libya earlier in the year, which didn't really fit with my claim to be a tourist," he said. Fletcher said he was taken to a windowless basement in an apartment building and held for six hours. Beyond a heavy steel door, he got a glimpse of dozens of young men, sitting huddled on the floor. "Quite clearly they were rounding up young men of fighting age from the streets of the city in an effort to crush the protests," he said. International Outcry Assad has come under scathing criticism for the crackdown, with the United States and Europe imposing sanctions. On Friday, Britain summoned Syria's ambassador to warn that new sanctions will target the regime's hierarchy if Assad does not halt the country's violent crackdown on protesters. Syrian Ambassador Sami Khiyami was called in for talks with political director Geoffrey Adams — the second time in recent weeks he had been ordered to explain his government's actions. Fletcher said he was surprised at how much support Assad still has in Syria, however. "People hate the people around him for their corruption, for their brutality and so on," he said. "Some Syrians still buy into the idea that he is a reformer who may be constrained by his coterie. Some like the way he stands up to the United States and Israel. A lot of people have a great fear that if President Assad goes, Syria will descend into the sort of sectarian conflicts they have seen on both sides — in Iraq to their east, in Lebanon to their west." Fletcher said he didn't sense the military was close to losing control and that Assad will be able to crush the protests. "[But] I think it may prove to be a Pyrrhic victory. I think consequently the economic cost of this is enormous. Syria is now fairly firmly back on the list of pariah nations," he said. "I think in six months to a year's time, the Syrian economy is going to be in real trouble. There'll be soaring inflation, even higher unemployment — especially among young people — than there is at the moment. At that point, it's quite possible the middle classes who have largely sat out this revolution [will stand up, and] Assad could be facing a new, reinvigorated, much broader protest movement than he is at the moment." Protesters Met By Soldiers In several volatile areas of Syria, residents said soldiers occupied mosques and blocked off major public areas Friday to prevent people from leaving their homes. "The army has transformed major mosques in the city into military barracks where soldiers sleep, eat and drink," said a resident in the coastal town of Banias. "They've put up barriers and sandbags around the mosques." Up to 1,200 security forces have deployed in the public square in the

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Obama's Farewell Address: How Presidents Use This Moment Of Reflection. -- 5 Things To Watch For In Jeff Sessions' Attorney General Hearings. -- Confirmation Hearings For Betsy DeVos, Trump's Education Pick, Delayed A Week. - In S. Korea, Air Raid Drills Are A Reminder Of N. Korean Threat. And here are more early headlines: Closing Arguments Today In Penalty Phase Of Roof Trial. (Post & Courier) New Pacific Storm Aims At Flooded Western U.S. (Weather.gov) Thailand Flooding Kills 19, Displaces 1 Million. (Bangkok Post) Mexico Deports American Accused Of Shooting U.S. Official. (AFP) Protests Continue Over Mexico's Gas Price Surge. (Los Angeles Times) Thousands Attend Rafsanjani's Funeral In Iran. (Al Jazeera)


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Question: We Have A ScuttleButton Winner!

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Some good news for a change: More people are catching ScuttleButton fever than the swine flu. The fever, in fact, seems to be spreading. In e-mails, on Twitter, and in a note attached to a rock thrown through my window, people are telling me that their lives have been taken over by a need to solve the puzzle before they can get things done around the house. One e-mail sent early Saturday morning -- at 3:10 a.m.! -- was from someone who said they could finally go to sleep because they figured out the answer. Read More >> Of course, there's only one way to figure out the answer each week. And that is to simply take one word or one concept per button, add 'em up, and arrive at a saying or a name. Also, you MUST include your name and city/state, otherwise we can't declare a winner. And remember, the answer does not necessarily have to be political. For instance, the answer to a puzzle a while back was "Minnesota Twins" -- not political at all, unless you're thinking Mondale and Humphrey instead of Killebrew and Oliva. Last week's buttons, in case you forgot: Feinstein for Vice President 1984 -- The California Democrat, then the mayor of San Francisco, was on Walter Mondale's short list. Perot for President -- The independent billionaire won more than 19 million votes when he ran in 1992, the most ever. Stop Souter / No Roberts Yes Roe / Impeach Earl Warren -- Three buttons in opposition to three Supreme Court Justices (or nominees), David Souter, John Roberts and Earl Warren. So, when you add Dianne + Ross + the three Supreme Court justices (and because they are on a horizontal line, that means what I'm looking for is a plural), you kind of get ... Dianne Ross and the Supremes. Yes, I know her name is Diana. But Rule 4, Section 7.1 of the ScuttleButton bylaws gives me poetic license when it comes to altering reality. The winner, selected at random among the correct responders, is (drum roll) ... Jeff Roberts of Ankeny, Iowa. Presumably, no relation to John Roberts. Or Diana Ross. Wanna be alerted the moment a new ScuttleButton puzzle goes up on the site? (How can you NOT???) Sign up on our mailing list at politicaljunkie@npr.org. New puzzle every Friday.

Good afternoon. Here are some headlines we're watching: Paul Ryan Campaigns On Medicare In Florida - With His Mom. (Politico) GM Recalls Nearly 250,000 SUVs Over Potential Fire Hazard. (Detroit News) John Lennon's Murderer Faces Seventh Parole Hearing Next Week. (CNN) In Apparent Diplomatic Thaw, Egyptian President Morsi To Visit Iran This Month. (AFP) New Family Of Spiders Discovered In Oregon - And They've Got Claws. (AP)


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Question: Crews Fight Fires and Rehab Land in the Northwest

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Idaho tops the West this week for the number of wildfires and the amount of land that's burning.

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Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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Question: Who's On The Short List To Be President Trump's Supreme Court Nominee

President Trump says he plans to announce his nominee to the Supreme Court Tuesday night. The person he names will be considered to take the vacant seat of the conservative Justice Antonin Scalia, who died almost a year ago. For more on who Trump is considering, Here & Now‘s Jeremy Hobson talks with Dahlia Lithwick (@DahliaLithwick), who covers courts and the law for Slate.


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Question: A Fresh Air favorite, opera soprano DAWN UPSHAW

A Fresh Air favorite, opera soprano DAWN UPSHAW. She has a new CD, "Dawn Upshaw sings Vernon Duke" (Nonesuch). It features Fred Hersch on piano and John Pizzarelli on guitar. We'll also hear from the producer of the new CD, TOMMY KRASKER. UPSHAW has more than two dozen albums to her credit and has become widely known for her ability to perform both in the opera as well as sing Broadway tunes. UPSHAW joined the Metropolitan Opera in 1984 and has performed at the Met. Many of the world's leading conductors have invited UPSHAW to appear with some of the finest orchestras, including The Chicago Symphony, the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the Berlin Philharmonic. (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW). 12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:

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E.g. ['', "Documents seized along with Saddam Hussein yield useful information about how the insurgency is financed in Iraq, according to Brig. Gen. Martin Dempsey. He commands the First Armored Division, which controls Baghdad. Dempsey says U.S. forces are gaining a better understanding of the insurgents' financing network. NPR's Eric Westervelt reports."] == ['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details.', 'U.S.: Saddam Papers Yield Intelligence']

MIRANDA VICKERS interview continues.MIRANDA VICKERS interview continues.


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Question: My Smartphone Is A Microscope. What Can Yours Do?

I lied. My smartphone isn't a microscope — yet. But there are some smart physicists who want to make that transformation possible very soon, if not for you and me at first, then for doctors who don't have easy access to laboratories. There are a lot of ways to trick out your smartphone. And if you're an eager Apple fan, the brand-new iPhone 4S will come with fancy apps that use its increasingly sophisticated camera to scan and image the world. A smartphone camera lens can measure objects, help translate words, and even tell you whether your potato chips have been caught in a food safety recall. But Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu and colleagues at the Center for Biophotonics, Science and Technology at the University of California, Davis say a smartphone's camera lens can also serve as a microscope and a spectrometer, which both could be pretty handy for looking at blood samples. Continue Reading A few years ago, Wachsmann-Hogiu was thinking about creating tools to help doctors do tests right at the site where they're caring for patients, something called "point-of-care testing." He'd heard about bioengineer Daniel Fletcher's work developing a low-tech mobile microscope called CellScope. But Wachsmann-Hogiu was interested in making something even simpler. And he noticed that when water droplets formed on the top of his iPhone camera, they magnified the image. So he took a tiny lens — just 1 millimeter in diameter — and attached it to the phone to try to get a similar effect. "With that we were able to record great microscopic images," he tells Shots. His team set out to test a range of lenses between 1 and 3 millimeters that would get different magnification. The smaller the lens, the more it magnifies. "We found that the small lenses are good for microscopy of blood cells while the larger lenses could be good for skin and dermatological applications," he says. A smartphone camera lens can also do cool tricks with light and blood, with the help of a simple spectrometer attachment to the phone. Wachsmann-Hogiu's smartphone-friendly spectrometer involves a short plastic tube covered at both ends with black electrical tape. The tape has narrow slits that allow beams of light from a blood sample, for example, to enter and exit the tube. This grating smears, or spreads, the light into a spectrum of colors that doctors could use like a fingerprint to identify various molecules. In a medical setting, the smartphone spectrometer could be used to measure oxygen levels in the blood. Levels that are too low or too high can be a clue that something else is wrong with the heart or many other organs. So does it matter what kind of smartphone you use for these new tools? Wachsmann-Hogiu says no. In fact, even the simplest smartphone camera with 1 to 2 megapixels should be sufficient. The project's next phase is testing in the clinical setting in rural areas of the U.S. where laboratories are few are far between. Wachsmann-Hogiu and colleagues will present their findings at the Optical Society of America's annual meeting next week. They also published a paper on their work in the journal PLoS One earlier this year.

Stories: 1) 'Brain Bugs': Cognitive Flaws That 'Shape Our Lives' 2) What It Means To Be 'Always On' A Smartphone 3) 'Turn Of Mind': The Haunted House Is In Your Head


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Question: Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed

With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.
In comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]


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Question: Friday News Roundup - Domestic

On Thursday, Christine Blasey Ford and Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee about Blasey Ford’s allegations of sexual assault against Kavanaugh. When asked how certain she is that Kavanaugh assaulted her, Blasey Ford told the committee: “100 percent.” From her opening statement:  Apart from the assault itself, these last couple of weeks have been the hardest of my life. I have had to relive my trauma in front of the entire world, and have seen my life picked apart by people on television, in the media, and in this body who have never met me or spoken with me. I have been accused of acting out of partisan political motives. Those who say that do not know me. I am a fiercely independent person and I am no one’s pawn. My motivation in coming forward was to provide the facts about how Mr. Kavanaugh’s actions have damaged my life, so that you can take that into serious consideration as you make your decision about how to proceed. It is not my responsibility to determine whether Mr. Kavanaugh deserves to sit on the Supreme Court. My responsibility is to tell the truth.  Kavanaugh was brought into the hearing room after Blasey Ford left. “My family and my name have been totally and permanently destroyed,” he told the committee. “This confirmation process has become a national disgrace. You have replaced ‘advice and consent’ with ‘search and destroy.’” What to make of what was heard on the Hill? Also out of Washington, President Trump postponed Thursday’s meeting with Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein. According to Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee-Sanders, “they do not want to do anything to interfere with the hearing.” The two will discuss Rosenstein’s future at the Justice Department at a later date. Plus, we get some thoughts on where Amazon’s HQ2 will land from the online giant’s home base: Seattle. *Text by Kathryn Fink*. GUESTS Ron Elving, Senior editor and correspondent, NPR; @nprrelving Joni Balter, Adjunct professor, Seattle University; host of Civic Cocktail on the Seattle Channel C.R. Douglas, Political analyst, Q13 News – Seattle’s FOX TV affiliate For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

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Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


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Question: Tax Problem Stalls Treasury Nominee Geithner

Timothy Geithner's failure to pay some of his taxes has hampered Democrats' efforts to install him quickly as President-elect Barack Obama's Treasury secretary. The Senate Finance Committee will consider his nomination next week. Sen. Chuck Grassley, the ranking Republican on that committee, talks with Renee Montagne about Geithner's chances for being confirmed.


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Question: Assessing Federal and Local Response to Katrina

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Elected officials and journalists discuss the federal and local response to the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. What do those locales need most? What can the federal government do to help? What are the economic needs in the long and short term?   Guests:  Mike Brinkley, executive director of the Fair Commission, Mississippi State Fairgrounds in Jackson  Charles Pickering, U.S. Representative, Republican from Mississippi's 3rd District Stan Tiner, executive editor of the Biloxi Sun Herald Julie Lewis, state trooper and public affairs officer for the Louisiana State Police Mark Vitney, senior economist at Wachovia bank; studies regional economies Nancy Smith, evacuated home in Ocean Springs, Miss., and is temporarily staying at a motel in Tallahassee, Fla.      NEAL CONAN, host:       This is TALK OF THE NATION.  I'm Neal Conan in Washington.       Overwhelmed officials tried to bring in essential supplies and services      and began to ferry people out of New Orleans.  The first buses arrived at      the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, today, but the crowd outside the      Superdome swelled as thousands more poured in to be evacuated.  Dallas      and San Antonio agreed to take in 25,000 refugees apiece.  Governors from      several states dispatched National Guard units to help.  Here in      Washington, DC, officials organized shipments of fuel, food, water,      generators, ice and medical supplies, but little of that has reached the      area as yet.       Former Presidents Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush met at the White      House with President Bush earlier today.  The two former presidents will      head a fund-raising effort, as they did after the Indian Ocean tsunami.      Here's a bit of President George W. Bush speaking a few moments ago.       (Soundbite of speech)       President GEORGE W. BUSH:  Good afternoon.  Thanks for coming.  I'm      honored to be with former Presidents Bush and Clinton.  Thank you all for      being here.  We just spent some time talking about the devastation caused      by Hurricane Katrina.  I brought them up to date on what I know about the      latest developments there on the ground.  We're united in our sympathy.      We're united in our determination to help the good people that have been      affected by this hurricane.       I'm in close contact with Secretary Chertoff.  He was in the Oval Office      earlier today.  He's in close contact with FEMA Director Brown.  I want      to make sure I fully understand the relief efforts and the extent of the      relief efforts and the progress of the relief efforts.  After all, we're      dealing with one of the largest relief efforts in our nation's history,      and the federal government's got an important role to play.       Our first priority, of course, is to save lives.  There are over 80 FEMA      teams that have been deployed to the Gulf Coast to conduct      search-and-rescue missions.  I want to thank those who are working long      hours for their dedication to saving lives.  We got Coast Guard folks and      Navy and Army and Air Force and National Guardsman from many different      states that are delivering needed supplies and providing the rescue      missions, trying to reach those in danger.  We're working hard to repair      the breaches in the levees.       Federal, state and local agencies are also cooperating to sustain life.      That means getting food and water to those who are stranded.  Medical      personnel and local officials are helping hospital patients and people      gathered in the Superdome to evacuate.  Again, I want to thank the good      folks in Texas for welcoming those people.  Bus caravans are shuttling      back and forth between Houston and New Orleans to get those folks to      Houston.       Law enforcement and National Guardsmen and local leaders are working to      restore public order.  Earlier today, General Blum, along with Mike      Chertoff, gave me a briefing about the number of Guards folks trained in      police work that'll be moving into New Orleans, as well as other law      enforcement officials from around the area.  As we speak, people are      moving into the New Orleans area to maintain law and order, and I thank      them for their good work.       Government agencies are working with faith-based and community groups to      find shelters for thousands of displaced persons.  And finally, we're      moving forward with a comprehensive recovery strategy.  We're working      hard to restore electric power, repair transportation infrastructure,      restart energy production and, of course, strategize as to how to provide      the housing for these folks.       I met with Chairman Greenspan at lunch, as well as the economic team to      evaluate the impact of Hurricane Katrina.  We particularly spent a lot of      time talking about the damage done to our energy infrastructure and its      effect on the availability and price of gasoline.  In our judgment,

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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The query could be '['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', "El Chapo's Arrest Punctures Drug Lord's Near-Mythical Status"]' and should be close to '['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'One of the world\'s most powerful drug lords has been captured. Mexico\'s head of the Sinaloa drug cartel, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, was arrested in an operation that Mexican officials say involved the cooperation of U.S. authorities. Guzman has been on the run for years and his capture puts an end to one of the longest and most profitable careers in the drug world. That capture began as the sun rose up over the hotel-lined beaches of Mazatlan early Saturday morning. Marine special forces moved in on a condo complex in the heart of the pacific resort city and captured Mexico\'s most wanted criminal. Guzman was arrested along with a female collaborator. According to authorities, not one shot was fired. Nine hours later, the arrest was officially announced. Speaking to reporters at Mexico City Airport\'s Marine base, Attorney General Jesus Murillo Karam said doctors and federal investigators wanted to confirm Guzman\'s identity first, to be 100-percent certain they got the right guy. Such caution is understandable given the mythical status Guzman has gained. He eluded capture for more than a decade. Thirteen years ago, imprisoned and nearing extradition to the U.S., Guzman escaped a maximum security prison by hiding in a laundry bin. Sightings of him are frequently reported, and his operation is said to be active in four continents, including Africa, Europe and Australia, with annual profits of more than $3 billion a year. That\'s plenty of money to bribe officials and build a security detail that has long left him several steps ahead of arresting authorities. Guzman\'s trafficking network extends to hundreds of U.S. cities and in at least eight, he is named in federal indictments. Last year, Chicago\'s Crime Commission labeled him Public Enemy Number One. It was last weekend when Mexican marines began to close in on the drug lord, Karam said. Unfortunately, Guzman was able to escape through a complex series of tunnels connecting as many as seven safe houses. The doors in some of the houses were made out of steel, and Karam says in the time it took the Marines to knock them down, Guzman slipped away through the tunnels. Out of concern for local residents, Karam says, forces waited several days for the best opportunity before making the arrest. President Enrique Pena Nieto, who has been in office for 14 months and has routinely downplayed drug violence in the country, is not one to parade captured drug traffickers in public. But given Guzman\'s status — and that the last picture seen of him was taken 13 years ago — Guzman got a grand perp walk. Immediately following the press conference, two camouflaged army soldiers marched Guzman — one with his hand clutching the back of the drug trafficker\'s neck — past reporters and live TV cameras to an awaiting helicopter. His hair was dyed jet black and he wore a bushy mustache. George Grayson, an expert on Mexico\'s cartels, said the arrest was a big success for the Pena Nieto administration, but will unlikely damage the powerful trafficking organization. "The takedown of El Chapo is a thorn in the side, but not a dagger in the heart of the Sinaloa Cartel," he says. Guzman\'s second-in-command, Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada is expected to seamlessly take over without contention from lower lieutenants. In the central park of the Sinaloa capital of Culiacan, however, residents are bracing for violence. Amado, a 53-year old shoe-shiner who would only give his first name, says he\'s been listening to clients all day worrying about what was going to happen if rival drug cartels come in and take over Sinaloa. El Chapo is feared here, Amado says, but at least he kept Sinaloa relatively peaceful all these years. RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:  This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I\'m Rachel Martin. One of the world\'s most powerful drug lords has been captured in Mexico. The head of the Sinaloa drug cartel, Joaquin Chapo Guzman, was arrested early Saturday morning. He\'s known as El Chapo or Shorty and has one of the longest and most profitable careers in the drug world. He\'s been on the run for years, and according to Mexican officials, U.S. authorities aided in the operation. NPR\'s Carrie Kahn reports. CARRIE KAHN, BYLINE: As the sun rose up over the hotel-lined beaches of Mazatlan, marine special forces moved in on a condo complex in the heart of the pacific resort city and captured Mexico\'s most wanted criminal. Chapo Guzman was arrested along with a female collaborator and, according to authorities, not one shot was fired. However it would be another nine hours before the arrest was officially announced. JESUS MURILLIO KARAM: (Foreign language spoken) KAHN: Speaking to reporters at the Mexico cities\' airport marine base, Attorney General Jesus Murillio Karam said doctors and federal investigators wanted to confirm Guzman\'s identity first. They are a hundred percent certain they got the right guy. Such caution is understandable given the mythical status Guzman has gained here. He eluded capture for']' but very far from '['', "It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals."]'

Question: South Pole Evacuation

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The National Science Foundation has decided to attempt an unprecedented evacuation. The resident physician at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station has been suffering from gallstones.  NPR's David Kestenbaum reports.

Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: Meet Reince Priebus, The New RNC Chairman

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There has been a change at the top of the Republican National Committee, which Friday denied chairman Michael Steele's bid for another two-year term. Instead, the GOP's central committee elevated a little-known but highly regarded operative from Wisconsin who, in November's election, helped make that state one of the biggest success stories for Republicans in 2010. The new chairman's name is Reince Priebus. His task now is to restore credibility to the RNC after Steele's rocky tenure. The election started as a five-person race: Michael Steele and a quartet of challengers. Priebus, the Wisconsin state party chairman, was considered the early favorite. The committee had 168 voting members. Priebus pulled ahead, but in ballot after ballot he still didn't have the 85 votes he needed to claim victory. Finally, on the seventh ballot, Priebus went over the top. Moments later, he addressed the delegates. "I just want to thank God," he said. "I want to thank Jesus for this moment. I am so blessed, I've said this so many times." Out With The Old But Friday was not just about welcoming a new RNC chairman; it was also about saying goodbye to the old one. Michael Steele dropped out Friday after four ballots. He spoke briefly, softly, his voice tinged with emotion. "We did a lot of good things," he said. "We worked hard. We built the party. But it's very clear the party wants to do something a little different, and hopefully, a little better. And this is tough, because it is what it is." During his two years, Steele lost the confidence of the RNC. Once close allies -- Priebus among them -- RNC members turned against him. They criticized his management style. He was in the news too much -- and for the wrong reasons, like lavish spending on travel and questionable priorities. There were fundraising difficulties; many big donors stayed away, and the organization racked up a debt that it said Friday now totals $21 million. But in his concession speech, Steele pointed to the election results in November. He called that his legacy, even amid the distractions. "Despite the noise -- lord knows we had a lot of noise -- despite the difficulties, we won," he said. Steele received a standing ovation from the delegates who had, in essence, just fired him. Afterward, former RNC chairman and current delegate Mike Duncan of Kentucky said Steele bowed out gracefully, but that change was needed. "The party wants to go a different direction," Duncan said. "We've got to bring our major donors back into the party. There's such a big task ahead. We've got to pay off the debt and then to get ready for the presidential campaign -- and the candidate in 2012." 'We're Going To Do It Right' Meanwhile, Tea Party activists applauded the selection of Preibus. In Wisconsin last year, he worked with the Tea Party, joining forces to help the GOP carry all of the state's big races. "In some states, you have a disconnect between the grass roots and the party," said Russ Walker of Freedom Works, one of the leading organizers in the Tea Party movement. "You just don't see that in places like Wisconsin. And you don't see it with a guy like Reince." Moments later, out in the lobby, Priebus held his first news conference as chairman. He was asked about the Tea Party, which took on establishment GOP favorites in primaries last year and already has been critical of the new GOP leadership on Capitol Hill. "I'm part of the grass-roots movement," he said. "One of the things I've said is that our party is part of the conservative movement in this country. We're not in competition with it; we're going to do it right. We're going to do it right and we're going to win in 2012, so thank you very much." SCOTT SIMON, Host:  The new chairman's name is Reince Priebus. And although Republicans won the House in November, Michael Steele's tenure was contentious. NPR's Don Gonyea reports. DON GONYEA: Finally, on the seventh ballot, Priebus went over the top. Moments later, he addressed the delegates. REINCE PRIEBUS: I just want to thank God, I want to thank Jesus for this moment. I just - I am so blessed, and I said that to you so many times. GONYEA: But yesterday was not just about welcoming a new RNC chairman. It was also about saying goodbye to the old one. Michael Steele dropped out after four ballots. He spoke briefly, softly, his voice tinged with emotion. MICHAEL STEELE: We've done a lot of good things. We've worked hard. We've built the party. But it's very clear, the party wants to do something a little different and hopefully a little bit better. And this is tough because, you know, it is what it is. GONYEA: During his two years, Steele lost the confidence of the RNC. Former close allies, Reince Priebus among them, turned against him. They criticized his management style. He was in the news too much for the wrong reasons - lavish spending on travel and questionable priorities. And there were fundraising difficulties. Many big donors stayed away, and the organization ha

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: 'Cathy' Creator On Her New Subject: Herself

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Given ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'When "Rooster" Bogle — born Dale Vincent Bogle — used to drive by the Oregon State Correctional Institution with his young sons, he\'d gaze out at the prison with nostalgia.  "Look carefully, because when you grow up, you guys are going to end up there," he told his boys.  This wasn\'t a warning: It was a challenge. And so began the competition for who could be the meanest, baddest Bogle. Crime was a family affair for the Bogle family. Rooster Bogle was arrested for the first time in 1959 at age 17. Nearly his entire family — including his mother, one of his sisters and all of his brothers — participated in robbing a grocery store in Amarillo, Texas.  Years later, he passed down the tradition to his children: encouraging them to take and resell lumber from the lumber yard, steal Social Security checks from their neighbors\' mailboxes, and committing other crimes with them.  In his new book, In My Father\'s House: A New View of How Crime Runs in the Family, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Fox Butterfield chronicles the story of the Bogles — a family that has had nearly 60 members either jailed, imprisoned or sent to juvenile reformatory — which he has traced back to right after the Civil War.  Butterfield covered criminal justice for The New York Times for almost 15 years and previously wrote a book about a black family with multiple generations of criminals, All God\'s Children: The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence. He says the goal of his new book is to "disentangle race from crime and to show how crime runs in families." At the beginning of In My Father\'s House, Butterfield offers readers a startling statistic. He writes that findings by criminologists from the United States and other countries found 5 percent of families account for half of all crime. "And the people who did the statistical studies ... they never went the next step and looked at individual families to see what they looked like and what was going on, [or] why crime spreads in families," Butterfield says.  Interview Highlights On how he found the Bogles It was really an accident. A friend of mine, who worked in the Oregon Department of Corrections, called me one day and we were talking and I asked him if he knew of a white family with a significant number of prisoners in it. And he said, "I\'ll have to call you back," and he did in a couple of days. He said "I\'ve got a family, they\'re white, and I think they\'ve got six members who are now or who have been in prison." But we had no idea at that point that there were as many as 60 who had been in prison or jail. On how family can shape criminal behavior  I started out looking at family values. What was obvious in talking to the Bogles was that they were very conscious of imitating the behavior of their father and of their aunts and uncles, and grandmother and grandfather — all of them had criminal records.  And then they did not have any of what criminologists would call social controls. ... They didn\'t go to church or Sunday school. They didn\'t belong to any organization like the Boy Scouts. They didn\'t have other adult role models.  But beyond that, I began to get interested in if there was any role of genetics. And this, in criminology, has been a no-no or a taboo subject for a long time. ... In recent years, certainly since the decoding of the human genome, some scientists began to look at behavioral genetics. And there was a professor at Duke who was a criminologist [Terrie Moffitt] and her work identified several genes which could be precursors to impulsivity, which is a characteristic of a lot of criminals.  But she stresses that there\'s no such thing as a criminal gene. It works in combination with the environment. So if you have a family environment like the Bogles, and you have this variant of the gene, then you have kind of a double whammy. On breaking the cycle [I learned] that ... it\'s a matter of individual choice in the end. [Ashley Bogle, Rooster\'s granddaughter,] chose not to do what she saw around her. She didn\'t like what was happening to everybody else in her family, so she decided to try to stick to a good path. ... And she broke the cycle. And in her case she had a little help because her mother was actually the daughter of a policeman and a prison guard and [the granddaughter of] a nurse. So she had some very good influences in her family that helped overcome some of the Bogle side of her family. Marc Rivers and Jessica Smith produced and edited this story for broadcast. Cameron Jenkins adapted it for the Web.'], a positive would be ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "'In My Father's House' Explores How Crime Spreads Through Generations"]

Cathy, the star of the daily, syndicated comic strip of the same name, was a 30-something woman who was dissatisfied with her work, love life and weight — but loved chocolate. When she was particularly frustrated by the travails of the single working woman’s life, she’d let out her signature catchphrase: “AACK!” Cathy appeared in newspapers daily from 1976 until 2010, when her creator, Cathy Guisewite, retired the strip. The two share more than a name. Guisewite was also of a generation of women whom she describes as being stuck between “Betty Crocker” and “Betty Friedan,” struggling with the expectation to fulfill both the roles of traditional homemaker and independent working woman with equal aplomb. But by the strip’s end in 2010, the particular brand of feminism that Cathy represented may have gone out of style. Here’s The Cut’s Rachel Syne:  Herein lies the paradox of “Cathy”: Guisewite herself was a pioneer. There were hardly any nationally syndicated comic strips that even hinted at women’s interiority before “Cathy” came bounding into papers. And yet Guisewite broke through the glass ceiling by creating a character for whom disempowerment was a way of life. “I just love writing about the small things in life that cripple us,” Guisewite once told a reporter. “Like 500,000 brands of cereals.” Comic strips, especially those from the “Cathy” era, are repetitive by nature; every joke is a slight variation on a theme. But what was the net result of repeating “I hate my thighs” thousands and thousands of times?  For Guisewite, the impulse to put pen to paper didn’t end with her comic strip. She shares her experiences of womanhood — this time in the 2010s, and in her own voice — in in a new book of essays, Fifty Things That Aren’t My Fault: Essays from the Grown Up Years. We talk to Guisewite about the legacy of her comic strip and her new book. Show produced by Avery J.C. Kleinman. GUESTS Cathy Guisewite, Creator, “Cathy” comic strip; author, “Fifty Things that Aren’t My Fault: Essays from the Grown-up Years” For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Stories: 1) Marisa Tomei: From 'Cousin Vinny' To 'Cyrus' 2) A Saga In The Ozarks, Suited For The Screen


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Question: Immigration Enforcement Lax at Workplace

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Under U.S. law, employers are barred from hiring illegal immigrants and are subject to sanctions if they do. In reality, penalties are rarely imposed. Many employers say they don't have the resources needed to distinguish legal from illegal immigrants, who have become an indispensable workforce in many communities. NPR's Jennifer Ludden reports.


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Question: Stumbling Economy Translates To Stock Volatility

Standard and Poor's downgrade of the U.S. credit rating — coupled with increasing economic uncertainty — is making investors nervous. Stocks on Wall Street have been volatile. Steve Inskeep talks to billionaire investor Wilbur Ross about his thoughts on the nature of the economy.

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Stories: 1) Is Wall Street At Fault For Mortgage Meltdown? 2) Economy's Woes Mean Housing Crisis For Pets, Too


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Question: Ferrell Carries on with Parody in 'Blades of Glory'

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In the new film Blades of Glory, comic actor Will Ferrell plays a boorish figure skater forced to team up with another man in a pairs skating competition. The role is Ferrell's latest in a series of characters that have parodied macho men.

Stories: 1) Kevin Costner, Dancing With Death Again 2) On DVD: 'Twin Peaks,' 'Seinfeld,' 'My So-Called Life' 3) Brad Bird and Patton Oswalt, Telling a Rat's Tale 4) 'American Gangster': An American Critique


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Question: From A Concert At The 50th

From a concert at the 50th annual American Symphony Orchestra League Conference given at Schnitzer Hall in Portland, Oregon last month, Marin Alsop leads the Eugene Symphony Orchestra in a performance of "The Snow Queen" by John Deak. The piece features Alsop as the narrator, violist Abigail Stoughton and bass player Forrest Moyer. (Schnitzer Concert Hall)

Stories: 1) 'Headmaster' Has Still Got Plenty of Soul 2) Sarah Johns' 'Big Love in a Small Town'


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they celebrate the Glorious Fourth as Ted recommends three recordings that each contain a wide sampling of American music.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: 'The Flying Dutchman' in France

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Provided: "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'A South Korean stem-cell scientist accused of ethics violations apologizes to the public and resigns. He acknowledged that two scientists working for him voluntarily donated their own eggs for his stem-cell research.']" Match: "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'Top Stem-Cell Researcher Resigns After Ethical Lapse']"

Richard Wagner paints a musical picture of a storm-tossed sea in the overture to "The Flying Dutchman," an opera about a cursed ship captain. We'll steer our course toward France to hear Jun Maerkl conduct a performance by the Lyon National Orchestra.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: Your Way Home for Friday, September 15, 2006

Ney-gative publicity for Republicans today as an Ohio Congressman says sorry, and, guilty. US Representative Bob Ney is the first member of Congress to plead guilty in the corruption scandal linked to lobbyist Jack Abramoff. We'll check in with our correspondent in Washington. Republican Senator George Voinovich meanwhile has thoughts of Ford on his mind. We'll hear what he had to say at a manufacturing conference in Cleveland today. Plus, setting an agenda for the region. We'll hear what organizers of the next Voices and Choices Town meeting hope to hear form more than a thousand northeast Ohioans tomorrow, and we'll listen in to the sounds of camaraderie as the Cleveland Orchestra wraps up its European Tour.

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A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

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Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

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Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: North Carolina 'Religious Freedom' Law Makes Some Reconsider Moving There

NPR's Rachel Martin asks North Carolina furniture maker Mitchell Gold about a new state law undoing local LGBT protections.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Relief Effort In Puerto Rico Drags, Fuel Shortages Are Monumental. -- As Scrutiny Of Social Networks Grows, Influence Attacks Continue In Real Time. -- California Moves Up 2020 Primary Elections To March. -- Volcano Threat At Pacific Island Triggers Mass Evacuation. -- Equifax Promises A New Lifetime Service, As New Leader Offers An Apology. And here are more early headlines: Trump Won't Attend FBI Ceremony, Won't Run Into Mueller. (Newsweek) House Panel To Question Tech Firms About Russian Meddling. (The Hill) Ky. Law Requiring Ultrasound Before Abortion Is Overturned. (CNN) Blast At Augusta Chemical Plant Kills 1, Injures 2. (WFXG) Macon, Ga.'s New Baseball Team Is Named "Bacon". (Macon Telegraph)


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Question: Lost In 1968 Battle, Marine's Dog Tag Found Again

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Lanny Martinson was a 23-year-old Marine sergeant in Vietnam when he last held his dog tags. In the 45 years since, he thought they were gone forever, lost in the mad rush to save his life after he and other Marines walked into a minefield. He'll soon be getting one of those dog tags back, after a network of people worked together to find the tag's owner. When they contacted him, Martinson was just at the point of filing papers to request new dog tags, all these years later. Describing how he felt when he realized his tag had been found, and that he could have it back, Martinson tells John Wilkens of U-T San Diego that he was overwhelmed. "It's like I left a part of me over there and somehow it's made its way back to me from a dark place," he says. Martinson's story has brought him a burst of fame, both among veterans' communities online and in his hometown newspaper. The Lake County News-Chronicle of Two Harbors, Minn., did a feature story on him, and the struggles his family faced after he was wounded. When asked what happened to his dog tags, Martinson tells the News-Chronicle that he would answer that he had no idea — "(At the time I lost them) I was in a lot of pain and on morphine, so I wasn't too sharp," he says. A couple of years ago, the long-lost dog tag was discovered in the undergrowth where an airstrip had once been. That was in Khe Sanh, where Martinson had fought in a battle that raged for months. And it's where on June 4, 1968, he stepped on a landmine that destroyed his right leg. Martinson came home from the war in a wheelchair, not sure where his tags had wound up. That famous battle is what led Australian John Naismith to visit Khe Sanh. While walking around the former airstrip, he spotted the glinting metal of the dog tag, and picked it up. The tag had Martinson's last name on it, along with a few other personal details, such as his branch of the service and his religion. Like many soldiers, Martinson wore one tag around his neck, and the other in his bootlaces. Naismith reportedly found the tag that had been on Martinson's boot. Naismith eventually gave the tag to motorcycle shop owner Charlie Fagan of Glendora, Calif., Wilkens reports. Then it made its way to Tanna Toney-Ferris, who had twice returned dog tags to service members in the seven years before she learned about Martinson's tags. Toney-Ferris spread the word on veterans' websites and social media, and eventually, Bob "Sparky" Sparks of Florida helped find Martinson, after a photo of the tag that he posted on Facebook was widely shared. Eventually, they got in touch with Martinson, who now lives in Sugar Land, Texas. Martinson has acknowledged that he struggled with post-traumatic stress after Vietnam, in an era when many veterans were left to find their own ways of coping with returning to society from war. He tells the News-Chronicle that writing about his experience helped. And he'd been thinking about his dog tags again recently, after his daughter asked about them. "I can't tell you how much this means to me," Martinson said in an email to Sparks after being contacted with the news that his tag had been found, according to Wilkens. "It brings it all back again, the men I lost, whose names are on the Wall, and the wounded that are now like me. I am trying to write this with tears running down my cheeks." On his Facebook page, Martinson says he didn't want to be singled out because of the dog tag: "I want to share all this attention I am getting with all the Veterans of Viet Nam and all those that are now serving their country as we once did. I didn't do anything to deserve to be singled out, it just happened." He also says the best part about his new fame is that he gets to hear from other Marines: "There is no honor greater than what you have given me. To be recognized by all of you, indeed makes me feel humble," Martinson wrote yesterday. "I hope I am able to make you all proud. I earned the title Marine when I was 17 and I am proud to say that 51 years later I remain a Marine, and will until my last breath. ooh-rah I remain Semper Fidelis." Martinson hasn't yet received the found dog tag; the details of its return are still being worked out.

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To give you a sense - "['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr\n\n------\n\nFewshot example: "Texas hit a significant milestone with four days to go before Election Day: The number of early voters who cast ballots in the Lone Star state this year passed the entire total cast in all of 2016.  So far, more than 9 million Texans have voted, according to a tally compiled by the U.S. Elections Project, a turnout-tracking database.  During the last general election, turnout for the nation\'s second-most populous state was 8,969,226, according to figures from the Texas secretary of state\'s office.  Texas joins Hawaii as the first states to surpass 2016 voter turnout figures through early voting alone, said Michael McDonald, a political science professor at the University of Florida who runs the U.S. Elections Project.  The mark set Friday by Texas, which has 38 electoral votes, also comes on the last day of early voting in the state.  "Today is your last chance to vote early in Texas," the state\'s elections account said in a tweet Friday. "Find an early voting polling location, a list of 7 forms of approved photo ID you can use to vote, and what to do if you do not possess and cannot reasonably obtain one at VoteTexas.gov."  This early turnout statewide also comes on the heels of Harris County, which includes Houston, setting an all-time record with turnout on Thursday night.  "We just hit our highest voter turnout. Ever. Nearly 1.4 million votes have been cast in Harris County and we\'re not even done with Early Vote yet. Let\'s run up the score, Texas!" Harris County Judge Lina Hidalgo tweeted. NPR member station Houston Public Media reported that Chris Hollins, the county clerk, echoed similar sentiments outside NRG Park, one of eight locations that held 24-hour voting beginning Thursday night.  Houston Public Media\'s Jen Rice tweeted the moment, which was greeted, not with cheers, but with car horns by those attending a drive-in concert headlined by artists Bun B and the Suffers.  With millions of voters across the state expected to turn out on Election Day and mail-in ballots still to be tallied, the likelihood of Texas setting new record-breaking turnout could be a possibility, The Texas Tribune reported.   "The surge in votes is in part due to high turnout during early voting and increases in registered voters in Texas\' growing urban and suburban counties. But other factors of timing are also at play," the news organization said.  For decades, Texas has been a reliably red state, voting for the Republican presidential nominee in every general election since 1980.   However, 2020 is proving to be a remarkable year, for a variety of reasons.  Recent polls show President Trump holds a slim lead in the state over his Democratic challenger, Joe Biden.  Trump leads by 2.3 percentage points in the state, according to the Real Clear Politics polling average. The tight race prompted the organization to move Texas to its "toss-up" category, joining traditional swing states such as Nevada, Pennsylvania, Florida and Ohio. Overall, more than 83.5 million Americans have voted thus far, McDonald\'s analysis shows, including  29.5 million who voted in person and nearly 54 million who voted by mail." == "More Than 9 Million Texans Cast Ballots Early, Topping State\'s Total Turnout In 2016"', "In a closely watched trial in Delaware, former Hollywood agent Michael Ovitz took the stand yesterday to defend his tenure as president of the Walt Disney Company in the mid-'90s. Hear NPR's Kim Masters."]" should be close to "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR.', 'Agent Ovitz Defends Tenure at Disney']"

Stories: 1) Michael Chabon: On What 'Manhood' Means 2) A Grandfather's Message To His Autistic Grandson 3) 'Restrepo' And 'The Lottery': Two Places, Two Battles


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Question: PG&E Pleads Guilty On 2018 California Camp Fire: 'Our Equipment Started That Fire'

Pacific Gas & Electric pleaded guilty on Tuesday to 84 separate counts of involuntary manslaughter and one felony count of unlawfully starting a fire in a case stemming from a horrific 2018 blaze that destroyed much of the town of Paradise in Northern California. PG&E CEO and President Bill Johnson entered the guilty pleas in Butte County Superior Court one at a time as he watched photographs of each of the victims flash on a screen.  With hands clasped, Johnson rocked back and forth while Judge Michael Deems called out the names of the dead. Each time, Johnson responded in an even voice, saying, "Guilty your honor."  The call and response lasted more than 28 minutes.  "Our equipment started that fire," Johnson admitted, after waiving the company's right to appeal the case. A scathing grand jury report released Tuesday found that the San Francisco-based utility company repeatedly ignored warnings about its aging power lines and faulty maintenance, and failed to follow state regulations. It showed "a callous disregard" for life and property, according to court documents. A year-long investigation spearheaded by Butte County District Attorney Michael Ramsey determined that outdated power lines sparked the November 2018 fire, known as the Camp Fire. In all it killed 85 people and destroyed nearly 19,000 buildings.  "I've heard the pain and anguish of many of the victims as I've visited Paradise. As they've described the loss they've continued to endure and the wounds that can never really heal," Johnson read from a statement.  "No words from me can ever reduce the magnitude of that devastation or do anything to repair the damage. But I sincerely hope that the actions we're taking today will help bring some measure of peace." Included in those measures are a fine of $3.5 million — the maximum amount prosecutors could get under the law — and a $25.5 billion settlement that will compensate victims, their families, and Butte County agencies, according to Johnson.   "This is the first time that PG&E, or any major utility, has been charged with homicide as result of a reckless fire," Ramsey noted in a press conference following the hearing.  He added he was not satisfied with the small sum of the fine for a company as large as PG&E.  "We treat corporations as persons but we don't send corporations to jail,' Ramsey remarked. The best the state could do, he said, is to fine the company as a person.  "There's an obvious disconnect there," he added, explaining the state was only allowed to seek $10,000 per death. PG&E's bankruptcy plan is tied to settlements connected to the Camp Fire as well as a spate of  "others that torched wide swaths of Northern California and killed dozens of others in 2017," the AP reported.  A federal judge is expected to issue a final decision on PG&E's plan by June 30. Johnson's statement included an apology for all of the company's shortcomings in recent years.  "I apologize personally for the pain that was caused here," Johnson, who intends to step down as CEO, said.   "We can't replace all that the fire destroyed but we do hope by pleading guilty, by accepting accountability, by compensating the victims, and supporting rebuilding and making significant lasting changes to the way operate, we can honor those who are lost and help this community move forward."

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Attacks, Reprisals And Church Burnings As Egypt Teeters -- Reports: Mubarak Might Be Freed While Awaiting New Trial -- 'U.K. Puppets' Detained His Partner, NSA Leak Reporter Says -- Has Voyager 1 Left The Solar System? -- Book News: John Hollander, Master Of Poetic Forms, Dies At 83 Other stories making news: -- "Oscar Pistorius Indicted On Murder Charge," Trial Set For March 3. (The Associated Press) -- In India, "35 Dead As Speeding Train Runs Over Pilgrims ... Mob Attacks Driver." (The Hindustan Times) -- "U.N. Mission In Syria To Investigate Use Of Chemical Weapons." (Global Post) -- Effort Launches To Recall San Diego Mayor. (KPBS) -- Fire Managers In Idaho Believe Huge Beaver Creek Fire Is Now "Manageable." (Boise State Public Radio)


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news. This week: in or out?; a great answering machine message (and we know answering machine messages); and the rent: is it too damn high?

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Letters And Comments From

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Letters and comments from listeners, including some enthusiastic responses to last week's visit with Susan Hellauer of Anonymous 4, a reaction to Ted Libbey's addition of Puccini's "Tosca" to the PT Basic Record Library and a plea for more Pavarotti.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news... Sanity For Humanity, Vlad The Emailer, It Takes An Olympic Village


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Question: Using Wyoming-Made Standards To Teach Climate Change

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The provided query could be "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'We welcome a special guest voice to Performance Today.  Jazz pianist and NPR personality Marian McPartland has a special performance for the holidays.  She reads Dylan Thomas\'s "A Child\'s Christmas in Wales," and plays accompanying piano music she wrote.']" and the positive "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "A Child's Christmas in Wales"]"

In states where the economy relies on fossil fuels, teaching children that humans are in part to blame for climate change can be a touchy subject. But this year, for the first time, Wyoming kids learned about climate change using science standards specially adapted to Wyoming’s energy friendly realities. Wyoming Public Radio’s Melodie Edwards (@MelodieEdwards3) reports.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: What's California Doing to Prepare for Climage Change?

The climate change issue was all over the news in California this week. Al Gore was in Silicon Valley to talk up the tech industry's role in slowing down warming. Attorney General Jerry Brown announced he was pressing ahead with a lawsuit against automakers for harmful emissions. A consortium led by UC-Berkeley scientists won a $500 million grant to develop alternative fuels. What is and isn't being done in California to prepare for rising seas and other effects of climate change?

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Paperback Fiction Bestsellers For Jan. 27

Compiled from weekly surveys of close to 500 independent bookstores nationwide in collaboration with the American Booksellers Association. This list reflects sales ending January 23, 2011. Book descriptions are based on publishers' information.

Below you can find the complete list of recommended reading for Summer 2008. To print this list, choose the "Print Page" icon in the upper righthand corner. Click on the titles to read an excerpt from the book. Recommended Books Recommended by Nancy Pearl(Carry-On Books to Take You Up, Up and Away) The Arrival, by Shaun Tan, Young Adult, hardcover, 128 pages, List Price: $19.99Bangkok 8, by John Burdett, Vintage, paperback, 336 pages, List Price: $13.95Chester, by Mélanie Watt, Kids Can Press, hardcover, 34 pages, List Price: $16.95The Greatest Thing Since Sliced Bread, by Don Robertson, HarperCollins, paperback, 224 pages, List Price: $12.95An Infamous Army, by Georgette Heyer, Sourcebooks Landmark, paperback, 512 pages, List Price: $14.95Metzger's Dog, by Thomas Perry, Random House Trade Paperbacks, paperback, 336 pages, List Price: $13.95Sunshine, by Robin McKinley, Jove, paperback, 416 pages, List Price: $7.99The Thin Place, by Kathryn Davis, Back Bay Books, paperback, 304 pages, List Price: $13.99Too Close to the Sun, by Sara Wheeler, Random House, hardcover, 320 pages, List Price: $27.95Recommended by booksellers to Susan Stamberg(Booksellers' Selections for Summer Afternoons) America America, by Ethan Canin, Random House, hardcover, 480 pages, List Price: $27.00 City of Thieves, by David Benioff, Viking Adult, hardcover, 272 pages List Price: $24.95 The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society, by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows, The Dial Press, hardcover, 288 pages, List Price: $22.00 The Legal Limit, by Martin Clark, Knopf, hardcover, 368 pages, List Price: $24.95 Let the Northern Lights Erase Your Name, Vendela Vida, paperback, 256 pages, List Price: $13.95 My Mistress's Sparrow is Dead: Great Love Stories from Chekov to Munro, edited by Jeffrey Eugenides, Harper, hardcover, 608 pages, List Price: $24.95 Mudbound, by Hillary Jordan, Algonquin Books, hardcover, 336 pages, List Price: $22.95 Now You See Him, by Eli Gottlieb, William Morrow, hardcover, 272 pages List Price: $22.95 The Prince of FrogTown, by Rick Bragg, Knopf, hardcover, 272 pages, List Price: $24.00 The Secret Scripture, by Sebastian Barry, Viking Adult, hardcover, 304 pages, List Price: $24.95 The Story of a Marriage, Andrew Sean Greer, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, hardcover, 208 pages, List Price: $22.00   Today: 101 Ghazals, by Suzanne Gardinier, Sheep Meadow, paperback, 193 pages, List Price: $13.95  Trauma, by Patrick McGrath, Knopf, hardcover, 224 pages List Price: $24.95 Wrack & Ruin, by Don Lee, W.W. Norton, hardcover, 336 pages, List Price: $23.95  What Happened to Anna K., by Irina Reyn, Touchstone, hardcover, 256 pages, List Price: $24.00 Recommended fiction by Maureen Corrigan(Fiction Picks for Your Mental Getaway) Exiles, by Ron Hansen, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, hardcover, 240 pages, List Price: $23.00 The Greatest Thing Since Sliced Bread by Don Robertson, HarperCollins, paperback, 224 pages, $12.95 Lady of the Snakes, by Rachel Pastan, Harcourt, hardcover, 320 pages, List Price: $24.00 The People on Privilege Hill, by Jane Gardam, Europa Editions, paperback, 256 pages, List Price: $15.95 The Sister, by Poppy Adams, Knopf, hardcover, 288 pages, List Price: $23.95 Recommended nonfiction by Maureen Corrigan(Better than Sliced Bread: Summer's Best Nonfiction) The Importance of Music to Girls by Lavinia Greenlaw, FSG, hardcover, 224 pages, List Price: $23.00 Inventing Niagara by Ginger Strand, FSG, hardcover, 352 pages, List Price: $25.00 Minders of Make-Believe by Leonard S. Marcus, Houghton Mifflin, hardcover, 416 pages, List Price: $28.00 Recommended first books by Rick Kleffel(Nine First Books that Make a Lasting Impression)  The Boat, by Nam Le, Knopf, hardcover, 288 pages, List Price: $22.95 A Cure for Night, by Justin Peacock, Doubleday, hardcover, 352 pages, List Price: $24.95 Freddie & Me, by Mike Dawson, Bloomsbury USA, paperback, 304 pages, List Price: $19.99 The Magicians and Mrs. Quent, by Galen M. Beckett, Spectra, hardcover, 512 pages, List Price: $23.00 One More Year, by Sana Krasikov, Spiegel and Grau, hardcover, 240 pages, List Price: $21.95 The Other, by Thomas Tryon, Millipede Press, hardcover, 290 pages, List Price: $95.00 Petite Anglaise, by Catherine Sanderson, Spiegel and Grau, hardcover, 304 pages, List Price: $24.95 Pretty Is What Changes, by Jessica Queller, Spiegel and Grau, hardcover, 256 pages, List Price: $24.95 The Wolfman, by Nicholas Pekearo, Tor Books, hardcover, 288 pages, List Price: $23.95 Recommended summer cookbooks by T Susan Chang(The 10 Best Cookbooks for Summer) Blue Eggs & Yellow Tomatoes, by Jeanne Kelley, Running Press, hardcover, 352 pages, List Price: $35.00 Fish Without a Doubt, by Rick Moonen and Roy Finamore, Houghton Mifflin, hardcover, 448 pages, List Price: $35.00 Gelato!, by Pamela Sheldon-Johns, 10 Speed Press, paperback, 111 pages, List Price: $14.95 Grill It!, by John Willoughby and Chris Schlesinger, hardcover, 352 pages, List Price: $25.00 Mediterranean Fre


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Question: Germany - Foreign Minister

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NPR's Guy Raz reports from Berlin that German foreign minister Joschka Fischer was in parliament today, defending himself in the face of calls by some opposition members for his resignation. Last week, a news magazine published photos of Fischer as a nineteen seventies street radical, beating a policeman. Yesterday, he was called as a character witness in the trial of a former comrade, accused in a terrorist attack. Today, in parliament, Fischer again admitted he had once beaten a policeman, but said he took responsibility for his actions. Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder cancelled appointments to come to his foreign minister's defense.

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Herman's Her-mistresses; I Love The '70s: Iran; and Onward to Mars!


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Question: $40 Million Later, A Pioneering Plan To Boost Wild Fish Stocks Shows Little Success

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Back in 1983, it seemed like a good idea. Local populations of California white seabass — a favorite among recreational and commercial fishermen, prized for its mild, tender, flaky white flesh — were declining. While a fishery management plan didn't exist back then, sports fishermen had noticed a decline in their catches and asked officials for help. State lawmakers then reached out to the marine biologists at Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute in San Diego to see if they could boost stocks by trying something unusual — raising the fish in a hatchery and releasing them into the sea. It wasn't an entirely new idea. Americans have been attempting to raise fish in hatcheries in some form or another for at least 150 years. But this would be the first time scientists would try it with white seabass, launching a program that would become a model for other states hoping to bolster waning populations of wild fish — a process known as marine enhancement. But as is often the case, things weren't so simple. Some 35 years and nearly $40 million later, the future of the Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program (as it's formally called) is in jeopardy: The first formal scientific evaluation has concluded that the program had increased white seabass populations by less than 1 percent — a stunningly low success rate. Compare that to Alaska's salmon hatchery program, which typically accounts for one-third of the state's total harvest. It turns out that if you're going to enhance stocks using a hatchery, species matters, and white seabass may not have been the best starting point. The hatchery-grown seabass suffered from high mortality rates within the first few months of being released into the wild. Even with tiny tags embedded in their heads, tracking them in the open ocean proved difficult. Of the more than 2 million fish that have been released since the program's start, only 199 adult and just over 1,770 juvenile white seabass have been recaptured as of 2016. Unlike salmon, which are hardwired to return to their original spawning grounds (or in many cases, their original hatchery stream), making them easy to count, white seabass roam without returning. And over the years, there were plenty of significant challenges to overcome: developing broodstock; caring for fish in their most sensitive larval stages; determining when and how to successfully release young fish into the wild; figuring out the best temperatures and feed mix to produce thriving fish; and trying to understand why exactly the breeding program continued to see malformed fish — a factor that also likely contributed to low survival numbers. But in 1983, the idea to grow and release white seabass was a bold one. Even to this day, the program is considered a pioneer of marine enhancement efforts. It currently falls under the authority of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, but much of the work and expertise come from researchers at Hubbs. "Should we have started the project with a different fish? It's something we talk about quite a bit," says Mark Drawbridge, a senior research scientist at the Institute, who joined the program in 1989. "I think halibut [a fish that was considered in the program's early stages] would have been easier in a lot of ways. But the halibut research was discontinued because there wasn't enough funding to go around." An enhancement program that garners less than a 1 percent bump in white seabass stocks might easily be dismissed as a failure. But officials from state and federal governments, as well as researchers from California Sea Grant and the science advisory committee that performed the evaluation, all say not so fast. "Was the ultimate goal scientific knowledge? No, it was to enhance the wild populations. But there's a lot of [scientific] value from what we gained, even if we didn't reach that ultimate goal," says Kathryn Johnson, an environmental scientist at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Michael Rust, a science adviser for NOAA Fisheries Office of Aquaculture, says information gained from the program is in some ways as valuable as the fish. "With stock enhancement programs, you have the opportunity to tag a whole group of fish, put them in the ecosystem, see where they go, what they eat, and how they grow at different temperatures. The value is in the information you get. From NOAA's perspective, the enhancement is a bonus," says Rust. While marine enhancement programs may not capture the public's attention or media spotlight in the way that oyster and salmon farming do, there are several programs in operation around the country. Alaska's salmon fishery enhancement program might be the best known, but there are also marine enhancement programs in Texas, Florida and South Carolina hatching and releasing economically important species like red drum, snook, spotted sea trout, southern flounder and cobia. The Texas red drum marine enhancement program, for example, is considered a success, with

Good morning - here are some stories we're following today: Luxury Cars Do Poorly In New Type Of Crash Test. Unsealed Documents 'Hint At The Evidence' In Colorado Shootings. N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, Fla. Senator Marco Rubio To Give Key Speeches At Republican National Convention. (National Journal) Western Wildfires Destroy Homes, Leave One Firefighter Dead. (AP) Defected Syrian Prime Minister Claims Assad Regime Is Collapsing. (BBC) In A Change, Iran Now Welcomes Aid For Earthquake Victims. (VOA) French Youths Clash With Police For Second Night. (Reuters) Violence Turns Deadly Between Two Unions At South African Platinum Mine. (AllAfrica.com) Educational Accrediting Agency Issues Warning To Penn State. (USA Today) Conn. Woman Wrongly Billed For 25 Years For Streetlights, Gets Refund. (Hartford Courant)


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Question: Undersea Explorers Reach Deepest Shipwreck Ever Found

The U.S. Navy ship USS Johnston sunk off the Philippines in World War II. It went down in 21,000 feet of water, which is about 4 miles. A submersible vehicle with a crew went down to capture images.

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Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)