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Question: Top General Calls Afghan Situation Serious

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Gen. Stanley McChrystal, the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan, submitted a report Monday assessing progress in the war there, saying the situation remains "serious," but that "success is achievable." The report did not address the issue of whether more U.S. troops were needed in Afghanistan.U.S. military tactics in Afghanistan are likely to continue shifting after the top American commander delivered a long-awaited assessment Monday that says the situation there is "serious," but salvageable. Gen. Stanley McChrystal, who issued the confidential report, is pushing for closer integration of U.S., NATO, and Afghan forces. "The situation in Afghanistan is serious but success is achievable and demands a revised implementation strategy and increased unity of effort," McChrystal said in submitting his report. McChrystal is not specifically asking for additional troops in this report, but a separate request for forces will be sent in the next week or so, sources tell NPR. The general is expected to offer several options for possible troops increases, from one brigade to at least three, pointing out the risks and greater timeframe inherent in not sending more forces. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates ordered the 60-day review to assess the security situation as Taliban attacks continue. "While there is a lot of gloom and doom going around, I think that Gen. McChrystal's assessment will be a realistic one, and set forth the challenges we have in front of us," Gates said Monday when asked about the report. "At the same time, I think we have some assets in place and some developments that hold promise." McChrystal was named three months ago in an effort to curb the rising Taliban insurgency. President Obama also ordered an additional 21,000 troops to Afghanistan this year, raising the total number of U.S. forces there to about 64,000. Another 4,000 troops from the 82nd Airborne Division are slated to arrive next month to train Afghan soldiers. But August has been the deadliest month of the war for U.S. forces since the conflict began in 2001, with 47 troops killed in Afghanistan, according to The Associated Press. Some analysts are worried that sending additional troops to Afghanistan could end up backfiring. "To the extent that the military effort is American-dominated, we begin to look increasingly like an imperial army, which obviously has enormous political ramifications in terms of our ability to marshal opposition to the Taliban and the ability of the Taliban to recruit fighters," says Robert Grenier, a former CIA station chief in Pakistan who now runs his own consulting business. McChrystal's report is not expected to be made public, but sources tell NPR that the general is pushing to place more of his troops in populated areas, rather than pursuing Taliban guerillas into remote valleys and mountains. McChrystal also will call for a "bigger and better" Afghan army and police force, along with a stronger U.S. partnership with those forces. That's a "fundamental shift," one source familiar with the report tells NPR. U.S. forces are expected to integrate the Afghan troops more in their operations and work as mentors with the Afghan forces. Under current plans, the Afghan army is projected to grow from 93,000 to 134,000 troops by 2011, and there have been growing calls to make it even larger. But not everyone agrees that Afghanistan can support an army of that size. "My concern is that even current plans, if realized, will bring about an Afghan army that is economically unsustainable by Afghanistan," says Grenier, adding that the force has additional challenges. "A national army will always face a natural suspicion and a certain level of opposition, particularly in the Pashtun parts of the country where distrusts of the central government is endemic." Separately, McChrystal is pushing for a greater "unity of effort" with NATO and other countries that have sent troops to Afghanistan. But he is concerned, says one source, that many nations are "running in different directions, different missions, answering to different commands at home and terribly restrictive caveats." If disunity in NATO's operations is a problem, the scattered efforts of Afghan authorities are potentially even more serious. The campaign leading to the Aug. 20 election revealed growing dissatisfaction with the leadership of Afghan President Hamid Karzai, who is leading in the current vote count, but is so far falling short of a majority of the votes. A runoff in October between Karzai and the second-place finisher will take place if Karzai does not capture more than 50 percent of the vote. Analysts increasingly point to the Kabul's inability to improve the lives of most Afghans, particularly those living outside of the capital city. The Obama administration has put an increased emphasis on supporting civilian efforts to improve the economy and deliver health care and other services, but most of the effort relies on a dysfunctional Afghan government

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: High Court Allows Lethal-Injection Challenges

Los Angeles Times legal affairs correspondent David Savage explains a unanimous Supreme Court decision on lethal injection.  The ruling gives death row inmates an additional legal avenue to challenge the use of lethal injection.

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Good morning - while we wait for the Supreme Court's health care decision, we're following these stories: 'Hell In The Rearview Mirror' As Coloradoans Flee Wildfires. News Corp. Confirms Split; Rupert Murdoch Will Chair Both Companies. Record-Breaking Heat Moves From Midwest To Mid-Atlantic And Southeast. (National Weather Service) European Union Fiscal Summit Opens, Hopes Dim For Bold Steps. (Reuters) Bosnian Serb Leader Karadzic Acquitted Of One Genocide Count; Still Faces 10 More War Crimes Charges. (AP) Barclays Bank Pays $452 Million In Fines To Settle Interest Rate Manipulation Case. (MarketWatch) Blasts Strike Syrian Capital, Turkey Stations Troops Along Syrian Border. (CNN) Cargo Search Continues For Possible Stowaways At New Jersey Port. (Star-Ledger) Texas Man Sentenced To 40 Years In Houston Stand-Your-Ground Murder Case. (KPRC) German Court Outlaws Circumcision Of Boys As 'Bodily Harm'. (Deutche Welle)


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Question: U.S. Seeks to Control Arizona/Mexican Border

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The federal government is reinforcing the border between Mexico and Arizona, adding patrols and seeking out smugglers' tunnels. The effort to keep illegal immigrants from crossing the border has resulted in a 25-percent rise in arrests -- a similar result to the last crackdown, 10 years ago. NPR's Carrie Kahn reports.

Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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Question: The Future Of Social Security

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-- NPR's Don Gonyea reports young people doubt Social Security will ever benefit them and fear higher taxes to support retiring baby boomers. Today, President Clinton is scheduled to participate in a town meeting to discuss possible fixes for Social Security.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: The Merkle Game Remembered

In September 1908, the Chicago Cubs were battling the New York Giants in New York. When the game was over, there was uproar in the stands and Giants' rookie Fred Merkle was forever labeled "bonehead." Cait Murphy, author of Crazy '08, offers her insight.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Pakistan Cites Advances in Crackdown on Al Qaeda

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Pakistani military officials take credit for killing and capturing large numbers of terrorists and suspected militants along the border with Afghanistan. A recent raid in Karachi netted two relatives of senior al Qaeda strategist Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. But with Osama bin Laden still at large, some wonder if the Pakistani forces are doing enough. NPR's Mary Louise Kelly reports.

Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: A Mile In Another?s Shoes

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When Elisa Della-Piana shows up at a firehouse door not looking her best, she experiences the scorn endured routinely by people living on the street

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Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What's The Word? How English Evolved This Decade


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Question: Bipartisan House Group Says It's Reached Immigration Deal

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['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU."] == ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR!', 'The Week In Review from 91.7 WVXU']

Members of a bipartisan group of House lawmakers say they've overcome disagreements and have reached a tentative deal to overhaul the nation's immigration system. Eight Democratic and Republican House members left a two-hour closed-door meeting Thursday evening, saying they would be working on drafting the measure, The Associated Press reports. "We have an agreement in principle. We're now going to work on finishing up the drafting of the bill," said Rep. John Carter, R-Texas, a member of the group. Meanwhile, as NPR's David Welna reported Wednesday, a Senate panel is keeping up efforts to reach a similar deal in that chamber. Reuters says the sticking points for House lawmakers involved "disputes over border security, work visa numbers and healthcare provisions."  "Lawmakers have been arguing over the 'triggers' that would define when additional border security steps under the legislation would be sufficient to start legalizing some of the 11 million unauthorized foreigners, sources said. "There also continued to be disagreements over several other policy issues central to an immigration bill, including the number of foreign high-tech workers who would be allowed in, as well as low-skilled construction and service industry employees."  According to the AP:  "Republican Rep. John Carter of Texas said earlier Thursday that there was consideration of moving forward with a bipartisan bill without the health care provision. "The House group has been under pressure to produce their plan so they could add their voice to a debate that has focused on the Senate. ... "Overall, the legislation would share the same goals as the Senate plan: boosting border security, an increased focus on workplace enforcement, new means to allow workers to enter this country legally and the eventual prospect of citizenship for millions."

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What's going on with the talks in Washington between Republicans and Democrats over the budget, the debt and the federal debt ceiling? As deadlines approach — the White House wants a deal by July 22 to avoid a potential government shutdown on Aug. 2 — we'll keep an eye on the latest headlines. Here are some of today's (and as often happens on stories like this, there are conflicting reports): -- Reuters — "Analysis: Debt Deal Not That Far Out Of Reach." -- The Wall Street Journal -- "Deficit Talks Focus On Taxes; Democrats, GOP At Odds Over Raising Revenue As Negotiations Hit Crucial Stage." -- Politico — Rep. James Clyburn, (D-SC): "GOP Tax Pledge Killing Debt Deal." -- Bloomberg News — Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX) "Says Republicans May Accept 'Mini' Deal on Raising U.S. Debt  Limit." -- The Hill -- "Redistricting Adds To Republican Leaders' Debt-Vote Pressures."


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Question: Despite Challenges, Doctors Take Digital Plunge

A new study of hospitals published in the New England Journal of Medicine finds that only 1.5 percent are fully computerized, and only another 7.6 percent have some sort of basic electronic medical record system. That's despite massive efforts by both the Obama and Bush administrations to bring American medicine to where many European countries are: computerized patient records that are accessible across the medical system.   You don't need to look any farther than pediatrician Cynthia Fishman's office in Rockville, Md., to find out why doctors are hesitating.  Her office looks like a lot of other pediatricians' offices in America.  There are toys scattered in the waiting room, cartoon pictures of sweet-faced lions and tigers on the walls, and floor-to-ceiling rows of paper charts in the chart room. Fishman wants to replace those paper charts. The eight-doctor practice she's in already uses computers to schedule appointments and generate bills. But Fishman is worried.  "When I have a paper record, it's there," she says. "Paper has been around for a millennium. We know how to document. It's what we've been doing."  Despite these concerns, she and her partners have decided to take the plunge. "As of May," she says, "we will no longer have paper. If anything is on paper, it will go on computer. All the physicals, all our interactions with patients here in the office will now be documented on computer." Going Electronic Fishman and her partners have bought a full electronic health records program from Children's National Medical Center, a large and sophisticated hospital in nearby Washington, D.C. Children's sold them the software system for $6,600 per doctor, a big discount over the retail value of $20,000 per doctor. One reason they offered the discount was to ensure that Fishman's practice would keep sending patients to Children's.  The shared system means that the doctors will be able to get immediate lab results and read consultants' comments on their patients.  "The route of most medical errors is miscommunication," says Dr. Brian Jacobs, the chief medical information officer at Children's. With electronic medical records, "We can do things better," he says. For instance, a doctor's bad handwriting doesn't lead to a prescription error. The results of tests are readily available and easy to find. A child's full medical history is there when he or she gets to the emergency room. Fishman hopes this new system will work, "even though I think it will be painful." She's worried about the computers breaking down, and the time it will take to learn the new system. But she is optimistic that the electronic system will "help make our patient care better." Federal Incentive  As for the $19 billion Obama has put aside for heath information technology, most of it will go to doctors who have electronic records for their Medicare and Medicaid patients.    Fishman sees few if any of those patients. Insurers often follow the government's lead, but it's not clear yet if they will give bonuses as well.  Still, Fishman believes it's time to go to electronic. "We've been looking at this a long time." ROBERT SIEGEL, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Robert Siegel.  At his news conference last night, President Obama talked about some of the investments he wants to make in health care and the price tag that's been making many lawmakers nervous.  President BARACK OBAMA: Let's do a whole host of things, some of which cost money on the front end, but offer the prospect of reducing costs on the back end.  SIEGEL: Well, included in that whole host of things are $19 billion to help computerize the nation's health care system. We'll hear about a study out today that shows there's a lot of work to do to get all of our doctors and hospitals booted up.  But first, NPR's Joanne Silberner has this story on what one hospital and one doctor are doing.  JOANNE SILBERNER: Most mornings at Children's National Medical Center in Washington, DC, pediatrician and chief medical information officer Brian Jacobs hangs out outside patients' rooms.  Dr. BRIAN JACOBS (Pediatrician and Chief Medical Information Officer, Children's National Medical Center): So we're around in here with the critical care team and the oncology on a young lady with leukemia.  SILBERNER: These doctors have something that most other doctors in the US don't have: COWs - Computers on Wheels.  (Soundbite of wheels rolling across floor)  SILBERNER: These contain full and up-to-date information about their patients.  Dr. JACOBS: So we're going to move over to the next pod, here and do our next patient.  SILBERNER: Jacobs loves these computers - no more waiting for a patient's X-rays to be delivered, no more wondering what happened to yesterday's notes, no more lost charts. And one more thing…  Dr. JACOBS: One of the nice things about these computers on rounds is if something's coming up on a question in rounds that I really don't really know the answer to, I ca

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Timeline: The Road to Hiroshima

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On August 6, 1945, the United States changed the face of warfare when it dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.  Three days later, U.S. forces detonated a second atomic bomb over Nagasaki, Japan, forcing an end to World War II. Here are the events leading up to that controversial attack. December 1941: Japan bombs Pearl Harbor and the United States enters World War II. 1942: Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer becomes director of the Manhattan Project, a U.S. government program formed to secretly build and test an atomic bomb. The project originally began to counter Nazi Germany.  May 7, 1945: Germany agrees to unconditional surrender, ending the war in Europe.  July 16, 1945: The United States successfully detonates the worlds first atomic bomb at the Trinity test site in the desert of New Mexico.  August 6,1945: The first atomic bomb to be used as a weapon is dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, at approximately 8:15 a.m. Nicknamed Little Boy, the bomb is released from the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber piloted by Brig. Gen. Paul Tibbets. It explodes 2,000 feet above ground, killing 80,000 people instantly. One of the main arguments for use of the bomb by U.S. officials is that it would force Japan to surrender unconditionally.  August 9, 1945: An atomic bomb is dropped over Nagasaki, Japan, by a B-29 bomber piloted by Maj. Charles Sweeney. It explodes 1,540 feet above the ground. The original target for the bomb, nicknamed Fat Man, is Kokura, Japan. Due to cloud cover, the bomb is instead detonated over Nagasaki, the alternate location. It is estimated that 75,000 people are killed immediately.  August 9, 1945: Three days after the Hiroshima bombing, President Truman speaks to the nation in a radio address: The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. By this time, the United States had already dropped its second bomb on Nagasaki. August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders, ending World War II.

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Stories: 1) The Fascinating World Of The Dung Beetle 2) Westbound Records: The Sounds Of Detroit


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Given ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'The Political Junkie'] it matches with ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'I just saw Ken Rudin, walking down the hallway, wearing a necktie. A necktie! It must be Wednesday. And time once again for "The Political Junkie." As usual, we\'ll start with a trivia question. Then we\'ll plow through the news of the week: Sens. John McCain (R-AZ) and Barack Obama (D-IL) have given speeches on Afghanistan, Iraq, and the economy. The economy! Former wrestler -- and governor -- Jesse Ventura announced that he would not run for an open senate seat in Minnesota. And there\'s that magazine cover... Later in the hour, we\'ll talk about political put downs. What works? What doesn\'t? And why aren\'t there more of them? What is your favorite?'] but not with ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', "Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Crank Caller; Tremendous History Month; The Hairball Group"]

Question: HBO Max Wants To Know, How You Doin'? As It Teases 'Friends' Reunion

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It could be called, the one that is finally friggin' happening.  All six original cast members of the megahit sitcom Friends will come together for a reunion debuting in May, WarnerMedia announced Friday.  "It's official, Friends fans! After 15 years, nine months, and innumerable fan requests from around the globe, we now have the 'brand-new information' you've been waiting for," a statement read.   The reunion, which is being described as "an untitled unscripted special," will debut on the media giant's new streaming service HBO Max, along with all 236 episodes of Friends, which debuted in 1994 on NBC.  Unscripted is industry speak for reality TV or a documentary, which indicates this will not be a reboot of the scripted series.  The show's stars — Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, all virtual unknowns when the show began — will return to the Warner Bros. soundstage where the show was shot, the statement said.  "Guess you could call this the one where they all got back together ... " said Kevin Reilly, chief content officer of HBO Max, in the press release.  The show's episode titles began with the phrase "the one with" or "the one where." Reilly, a longtime media executive who also serves as president of cable channels TNT, TBS and truTV, said he had the opportunity to work on the show during some of its 10-year-run on NBC. He said he was "delighted" the show continues to connect with audiences long after its original run ended in 2004, adding he hopes the reunion will recreated that same spark with audiences new and old. "It taps into an era when friends — and audiences — gathered together in real time and we think this reunion special will capture that spirit, uniting original and new fans." Cox, who played Monica Gellar, whose character quirks included obsessive cleanliness, posted on Instagram a photo of the cast along with a caption that read simply, "It's happening...."  The reunion has been longed for by die-hard fans of the show ever since it ended its original run as one of the most successful shows in television history in 2004.  As Variety points out, rumors of the reunion have been "swirling since last fall" following WarnerMedia's acquisition of the show's rights.  Variety also reports each of the cast members will earn a lofty payday for appearing in the special – at least $2.5 million each.  Netflix previously had the rights to Friends. It had been one of that streaming giant's most-watched programs, until it bid farewell to the show in December, tweeting at the time, "The One Where We Have To Say Goodbye."  Warner Media outbid Netflix for Friends and reportedly paid $425 million for the rights to stream all 10 seasons of the show.  Since it went off the air in 2004, Friends has displayed tremendous staying power, connecting with audiences that weren't old enough to remember the show during its original run.  The main characters — Rachel (Aniston), Monica (Cox), Phoebe (Kudrow), Joey (LeBlanc), Chandler (Perry) and Ross (Schwimmer) – were 20-somethings (at the start of the show) living in New York City.   In many ways, the show was groundbreaking, such as when the six principal cast members successfully negotiated a $1 million-per-episode pay out late in the show's run.  Friends however did — and continues to — have its share of critics, including those who point to the show's lack of racial representation for a series set in multicultural New York City.

Stories: 1) Comedians Chews Up Midlife Foibles 2) Saadiq Revisits R&B Past In 'The Way I See It' 3) Silverman Shocks Her Way To A Third Season 4) Operatives And 'Lies' In Ridley Scott's New Thriller


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Question: Partners In Life, Two Country Singers Finally Meet In The Studio

Johnny and June, George and Tammy, Conway and Loretta, Gram and Emmylou: Country music has a long tradition of co-ed duet partners, and it's about to welcome one more pair. Kelly Willis and Bruce Robison both had blossoming solo careers when they wed back in 1996, but they haven't recorded a full album together — until now. Their first LP as collaborators is called Cheater's Game, and they discuss it here with weekend on All Things Considered guest host Don Gonyea.  Interview Highlights On the lack of classic male/female cover songs on the album Robison: "We've had a couple of people that said they were surprised or perhaps happy that we didn't just go with some of the classic duets that we all know and love. Honestly, we didn't even consider that approach to it. I was just gonna look for the best songs. Didn't matter where they came from. We just looked for these songs that felt good when we sang them." Bruce and Kelly on the presence of a rare instrument on a country album, a tuba Robison: "I think we were going for The Band ... on that track a little bit. We had a really amazing producer named Brad Jones who was in there as a partner with us. I don't think either one of us was arguing for tuba on our record, but that was his idea. And it was a good one." Willis: "Yes, we were waiting to see how we felt about the tuba. Turned out, we really liked it!" On having 4 kids in the span of 5 years: Willis: "Stupidest thing we've ever done! I mean, it's great. I love those kids. But having them four in five years, that was kinda intense ... We've shortened the way we tour. We have to do weekends ... Last night our 7-year old started crying and said, 'You're never home on the holidays!' And that was just the biggest lie — we're home for every single holiday. But he goes, 'It's just one of the bad things about being famous, I guess!' " DON GONYEA, HOST:  Once again, this is WEEKENDS on ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Don Gonyea. And it's time now for music. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "JACKSON") JOHNNY CASH AND JUNE CASH: (Singing) We got married in a fever. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "WE'RE NOT THE JET SET") GEORGE JONES AND TAMMY WYNETTE: (Singing) No, we're not the jet set. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "AFTER THE FIRE IS GONE") CONWAY TWITTY AND LORETTA LYNN: (Singing) After the fire is gone. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "LOVE HURTS") GRAM PARSONS: (Singing) Love hurts. GONYEA: Johnny and June, George and Tammy, Conway and Loretta, Gram and Emmylou, just a few of country music's iconic male/female duet partners. Well, let's add a new one: Kelly and Bruce. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "DREAMIN'") KELLY WILLIS AND BRUCE ROBISON: (Singing) Dreaming, oh, you got me dreaming. GONYEA: That's Kelly Willis and Bruce Robison. They both had blossoming solo careers when they got married back in 1996, but they hadn't recorded a full album together until now. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "DREAMIN'") ROBISON: (Singing) I'm still hanging on, hoping you might show. I don't want to stop, and I can't let go. GONYEA: The new album by Kelly Willis and Bruce Robison is called "Cheater's Game." I caught up with them as they rolled through San Antonio on their current tour. Early in their courtship, they tried their best to maintain separate careers - different booking agents, different touring schedules. BRUCE ROBISON: We were pretty careful of that and found a lot of ways to collaborate without... KELLY WILLIS: Yeah. ROBISON: ...crossing this line that we have now. WILLIS: Yeah. As time went on, I think there was a little more pressure for us to perform together. And we would, in small ways, you know, just sit in with each other at a show or something. And it was fun, but we didn't really think about, you know, merging our recording careers or something. That had always been separate. So little by little, over the years, as we did more and more together, it started to make more sense. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "WATERFALL") ROBISON: (Singing) Pour me a waterfall and I'll drink it down and throw them old memories around. I know I'm still in love with you, but you just been gone for too long. GONYEA: So country music has this long, rich history of male/female duets. ROBISON: Sure. GONYEA: Did any of that history kind of enter into your songwriting on this collection? ROBISON: We got a couple of people that said they were surprised or perhaps happy that we didn't just go with some of the classic country duets that we all know and love. And in hindsight - and honestly, we didn't even consider that approach to it. I was just going to look for the best songs. Didn't matter where they came from. We just looked for these songs that felt good when we sang them. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "9,999,999 TEARS") ROBISON: (Singing) I got 9,999,999 tears to go. GONYEA: So half of this album is cover songs, and there's a song called "9,999,999 Tears" written by Razzy Bailey that comes from a certain time and place in country music radio. Kelly, what about that song? WILLIS: Bruce grew up around here near

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Question: Campaign Finance / 1st Amendment Rights

GUESTS:  John Bonifaz  Executive Director, National Voting Rights Institute     Laura Murphy   Director, American Civil Liberties Union [ACLU] Washington   National Office  Campaign finance reform may be passed in Congress this year, but many lawmakers and leaders say putting limits on political spending violates the First Amendment. The landmark Supreme Court decision Buckley v. Valeo held that private political donations are a form of free speech. Ray Suarez and guests will talk about the constitutionality of campaign finance reform and whether big contributors should be allowed to influence government ... on the next Talk of the Nation, from NPR News.

Greenhouse Gases and the Economy. Congressman David Dreier on Ethics Reform. End Music.


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

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Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: Laura Veirs' 'The Lookout' Is A Soundtrack For Turbulent Times

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NPR's Scott Simon talks to Laura Veirs of Portland, Ore., about her new album, The Lookout. She says it addresses the fleeting beauty of life in a chaotic post-election America.

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['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'A man who got a big message this week; a woman takes her place just two heartbeats from the big chair; who got a chance at a sequel?'] == ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Who's Carl This Time?"]

Stories: 1) Weather Warnings For A 'Climate Changed Planet' 2) 'Stone Arabia': The Cost Of Artistic Commitment 3) Blake Shelton: Out Of The Ordinary, A Country Everyman


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Question: Taming The E-mail Circus With Cloud Computing ... Maybe Next Time

This week I ran right into the great divide between what is technically possible - and what people will actually do. I'm planning a big, complicated event for about 40 people for a volunteer group I belong to. A lot of the work can be done online: RSVPs, distributing volunteer jobs, filling up a schedule of activities. In past years, it's been done with e-mail after e-mail to a big distribution list. I call it the e-mail circus. Read More >> The e-mail circus is a time-honored tradition in all the volunteer groups I've worked with. Everybody hits reply-all and copy-paste and we clog up our in-boxes. The week before the event nobody knows what's going on because there have been so many redundant and contradictory messages we've all stopped reading them. My colleague Wright Bryan points out this also happens all the time NPR. He's right. The e-mail circus is a feature, or a bug, of contemporary life. This year, I'd talked to my co-planner about avoiding the e-mail circus by using some more sophisticated online tools. They aren't even that sophisticated, just slightly less blunt instruments. We already use Yahoo Groups for the e-mail circus. Inside the Yahoo group I could make a database for the volunteer jobs, use the calendar to work on the schedule of events, even take polls about what kinds of events people want to have. Then I thought about this spring, when I'd put some Mp3s up on Box.net for another group. I think Box.net is the easiest of the Web-based file sharing sites. They have big, clearly-labeled buttons for streaming and downloading. Still, I had to field questions from people who had never encountered that kind of file-sharing site. I was happy to answer their questions. Box.net is simple for what it is, but there are some people for whom it's just a little too complicated. That's fine. There are a lot of things that are too complicated for me in tech. I wouldn't want to be the person answering my questions about Linux or World of Warcraft. On top of the event planning for this big event I have coming up, I didn't want to be the person answering questions about shared databases on Yahoo groups. I believe - in life, not just in tech - that you have to meet people where they are. A system or a tool or a piece of software only works if it works for the people who are trying to use it. If the users can't figure it out, it's broken or useless. I want people to enjoy the event I'm planning. I don't want them to get so frustrated with the planning databases that they figure they might as well just not show up at the event. In the end, my co-planner and I decided to use Google Docs just for the two of us, so we can keep track of what we are doing. We like the word and spreadsheet functions. I'd still like to scale down the e-mail circus. I guess I'll just have to think very carefully before I hit reply-all.

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Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Bringing Secular Spirituality Into Education

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While traveling to Buenos Aires, Argentina, professor Sam Crowell noticed even the poorest of schools place a plant in the classroom. This practice speaks to the presence of spirituality within nature, says Crowell, founder of the master’s program in holistic and integrative education at the California State University, San Bernardino. In Argentina, he says he observed kids at one high school working on solutions to local ecological problems that they would present to businesses and city councilors. Crowell shared this experience when hundreds of educators, philanthropists and nonprofits recently convened at Columbia University Teachers College’s “Spirituality in Education” conference. The gathering was led by Lisa Miller — professor of psychology and education at Columbia, president of the Collaborative for Spirituality in Education and founder of the Spirituality Mind Body program, the first Ivy League grad program in spirituality and psychology. She also authored the bestseller, “The Spiritual Child: The New Science on Parenting for Health and Lifelong Thriving.” Spirituality is a “deep way of being, through which we feel connected to all life, with awe and reverence for the mystery of being,” Miller says. And it’s not connected to religion or belief in a god and organized tenets, she says. Rather, it’s a deep human capacity, and she points to science to explain. She says if we look at twin studies, spirituality is “one-third heritable and two-thirds socialized,” which means parents, schools and communities have an enormous impact. Adolescence And Spirituality Puberty in children can lead to questions about purpose and meaning in life such as, “Why am I here?” — a question that isn’t easy to answer from a “point of view that excludes spirituality,” Miller says. So what does secular spirituality feel and look like in the classroom in this polarized time when people disagree on so much? While most education has been done through curriculum, Miller says this is different. That’s because implementing spirituality empowers schools to cultivate their relational culture — the way we talk to and treat each other — something she calls the “unspoken curriculum.” All schools are tasked with preparing students for democracy, she says. Educator John Dewey said before we can have a political democracy, we must have a “spiritual or social democracy” where we learn how to speak to people with whom we disagree. The Collaborative for Spirituality in Education spent two years visiting public and charter schools that support teaching spirituality. She says they found 11 drivers of spirituality, starting with a “collective practice of transcendence” such as poetry, dance, art, singing and school-wide meditation. It could also be a “hosting council,” a practice taught by the late Gary Weaver who worked with court-referred boys. Hosting council is when you ask kids to sit at an imaginary table and invite anyone — living or deceased who truly has their best interests in mind. With them sitting around the imaginary table, the child asks if they love them. Later, the child is asked whether they love themselves. Miller says most times, children are “hungry to share things of great meaning, of great significance.” If it’s too private of a moment, allow the child the privacy, she says. “Who shows up at the table? The grandmother I loved who’s now passed could be the cornerstone of my entire sense of strength and happiness in the world,” she says. “So to allow that child to talk about their grandmother, to allow children into the classroom as whole people, that’s a real education.” Miller says data shows adolescents with a strong spirituality are far more protected against depression, substance abuse and risk-taking. Another driver of a spiritual school is language. Rev. Canon Julian Bull of Campbell Hall in Los Angeles says the words we use count. “The first thing is just to use the word love,” he says, “because to put the word love out there is to make a statement.” For other schools, moving between stillness and motion activates the spirit. Ivan Hageman, founder of the East Harlem School in New York City, says his students meditate and play a variety of sports every day. He also says students are taught to be kind, regularly participate in community service, and on Saturdays, eighth-graders tutor younger students and build their sets for plays. Connection Between Nature And Civility “Spirituality supportive schools always have a program through which children develop a personal relationship with nature,” Miller says. She says she knows an 8th grader who chose a tree in kindergarten and says he has “grown up with” the tree — going to it in times of need or reflection. Another young girl told Miller that her grandmother assigned her a tree in the event she died. When the grandmother died and the girl felt lonely, she would “climb up in that tree, and that tree raised me,” she recalled to Miller. Impacts Of A Spirit

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Examining African Americans' Connection to the Written Word


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Question: 'Truth and Reconciliation' in N. Carolina

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Larry Schooler of member station WFDD reports that a group of North Carolina residents wants to set-up a "Truth and Reconciliation" commission in Greensboro to review a 1979 incident they believe still haunts the community. Members of the Ku Klux Klan attacked a group of Communists demonstrating against Klan activity in a predominantly black neighborhood, killing five people. Truth and Reconciliation supporters believe a frank and open discussion of the incident would help heal the community. Opponents think nothing would be served by revisiting the incident.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Mother And Daughter Play A Remarkable Game Of Dress-Up

Emma Moore turned 5 this year. To mark the occasion, Jaime Moore, her mother and a professional photographer, snapped portraits of her in dress-up clothes. But she wasn't dressed like a Disney princess. Moore dressed her daughter as real women — strong women, including Susan B. Anthony, Jane Goodall and Helen Keller. Moore re-created photographs of the famous women, encouraging Emma to mimic their poses — down to the very expressions on their faces. "I'd been searching everywhere for new creative inspiration" for her daughter's fifth-year portrait, Moore says. "No matter where I looked, so many ideas were the how-tos of how to dress your little girl just like a Disney princess. Don't get me wrong, I love Disney princesses, but they're just characters, a writer's tale of a princess, and it really got me thinking about the real women for our girls to look up to." One goal was to get her daughter wondering about these women and what they achieved. They picked out the costume pieces together, and Moore told Emma all about each one. "She was very engaged in it, which is great for a 5-year-old," Moore says. Emma's favorite was Amelia Earhart, followed closely by Jane Goodall. Moore says she loves her daughter's expression in the Earhart portrait. "I took the shot while we were cheering, 'Emma, you just flew a plane by yourself over the ocean!' In her eyes, I just see so much pride and confidence." Moore says 5 is a fun year for Emma, who is starting to think for herself and form her own opinions about the world. For Halloween, Emma chose to be a combination of Queen Elizabeth and Merida — her favorite Disney princess — from the movie Brave. During the shoot, Emma was shocked to learn that no woman had yet been elected president of the United States. So she and her mom decided that for her final portrait, she'd dress as herself — as president, a role model of the future. SCOTT SIMON, HOST:  Emma Moore turned five this year. And to mark the occasion, Jaime Moore, her mother and a professional photographer, snapped portraits of her daughter in dress-up clothes. But she wasn't dressed like a Disney princess, but instead real women, strong women, including Amelia Earhart, Susan B. Anthony and Helen Keller. Jaime Moore joins us now from member station KUT in Austin, Texas. Thanks very much for being with us. JAMIE MOORE: Thank you so much for having me. SIMON: And why'd you want to do that? MOORE: It really all started with her five-year portraits. I'd been searching everywhere for a new creative inspiration. And no matter where I looked, so many of the ideas for the how-tos of how to dress your little girl - dress like a Disney princess. And don't get me wrong - I love Disney princesses. But, you know, they're just characters, a writer's tale of a princess. And it really got me thinking about the real women for our girls to look up to. SIMON: Were you hoping that your daughter would ask questions like, well, who is this Amelia Earhart? MOORE: Yes, exactly. We had so much fun picking out the costume pieces and for each woman's portrait, we would tell her about each incredible woman, 'cause she was very engaged in it, which is great for a five-year-old. SIMON: Yeah. With respect, isn't the point of dress-up to play? MOORE: It is. But I think at the same time, you know, five is such a fun year. She's beginning to think for herself, and with her own opinions and questions about the world around her. But, you know, I think every day of the week we discuss Hello Kitty, we talk about Disney princesses - her favorite right now is Merida. It's just something one day to do a little bit different. SIMON: I especially - I keep coming back to Amelia Earhart because I love that photo of her. How did you do that and how did Emma react? MOORE: That was actually the very first portrait that we did. And honestly, learning of Amelia Earhart seemed to be her favorite, although Jane Goodall was a close second. And personally, I love her facial expression in the photograph. I took the shot - well, you know, we were cheering, Emma, you just flew a plane by yourself over the ocean. And in her eyes I just see so much pride and confidence. SIMON: Yeah. I have joked for years that our daughters dress as Angela Merkel and Aung San Suu Kyi for Halloween. So, I'm wondering what Emma might be for Halloween. MOORE: She has an outfit that she chose that is a dress. She actually chose it because she was learning about Queen Elizabeth at the time and that's what we all decided that she would go as. And now she's changed it to Merida as well. So, she's going to be both. SIMON: So, like, the back is Queen Elizabeth and the front is Merida, or how is she... MOORE: I, I guess so. She's a very creative and independent girl herself. SIMON: Well, Happy Halloween. MOORE: Thank you. SIMON: Jamie Moore is a photographer and a mother in Austin. You can see her photos of Emma on NPR.org. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) SIMON: And this is NPR News.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: The Week In Review from 91.7 WVXU

A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU.

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The provided query could be "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth:', 'Seth Kaplan discusses fostering renewable energy, working for climate protection, and reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuel power plants. Seth Kaplan, is Senior Attorney and Director of the Clean Energy and Climate Change Program at Conservation Law Foundation. A native of Rhode Island, Kaplan worked as a real estate and environmental attorney in New York City before joining Conservation Law Foundation. He is a graduate of Wesleyan University and Northeastern University School of Law.\n\nVisit us at www.wgbh.org/forum to explore our entire collection of lectures.']" and the positive "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR:', 'Seth Kaplan - Confronting and Addressing Global Warming']"

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Betsy DeVos Limited How Schools Can Spend COVID-19 Relief. Now, Stakeholders Are Suing.

U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos is overseeing the distribution of nearly $13 billion in coronavirus relief to schools around the country via the CARES act. But there’s a catch. DeVos has issued a rule that states must distribute an equal amount of the money to both public and private schools. The NAACP and public school systems have been quick to respond, first with criticism, then with a massive lawsuit. Public schools are more likely to be attended by students of color and tend to have fewer resources than their private counterparts. From the lawsuit:  The Rule is as immoral as it is illegal. In a moment of crisis—when public school districts are called upon to educate their students in unprecedented circumstances, to protect their students and staff from disease, and to feed families who have been plunged into poverty, all with decimated state and local revenues—it is unconscionable for Defendants to siphon away the CARES Act’s desperately needed funds for the benefit of more affluent private-school students.  Why did DeVos issue this rule? Who has the power to enforce this decision on a local level? And does any variety of American school really have the resources to get through the pandemic?

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Doctors Enlist Teamsters to Fight Insurance Firms

Federal law prohibits doctors from forming their own national labor union. But a group of doctors in New York state says they need the clout of a union to help them battle insurance companies -- so they're joining the local teamsters.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Louisiana Flood Victims Worry They Won't Have The Funds To Rebuild

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Baton Rouge residents are starting to cleanup from historic floods that devastated parts of southern Louisiana. They are also starting to try to figure out how to pay for rebuilding.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- After Four Years, Chinese Dissident Artist Ai Weiwei Gets His Passport Back. -- Loops, Glitches Raise Questions About Dash Cam Video. And here are more early headlines: Critical Transportation Bill Stalls In Senate. (Politico) Congress To Get Briefing From Administration On Iran Nuclear Deal. (USA Today) Jury To Start Sentencing Phase In Colorado Theater Shooter Case. (NBC) Kyrgyzstan Ends Treaty With U.S. Following Diplomatic Row. (VOA) Burundi Counts Votes In Presidential Election That The U.S. Says Isn't Credible. (BBC) Armed Citizens Guarding Some Military Recruitment Centers. (AP) Navajo Nation Voters Loosen Language Requirements For Tribal Leaders. (Farmington Daily Times) Washed Out I-10 Freeway Bridge To Partially Re-Open Friday. (KJZZ) Scientists Believe They've Got Fragments Of World's Oldest Koran. (Time)


Question: represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr The provided query could be '['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Denver Suburb Reels After School Shooting Kills 1 Student, Injures 8']' and the positive '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Kendrick Castillo, the student killed in this week's school shooting in Colorado, was honored in a community vigil. Hundreds of people came together to mourn his death and speak out against violence."]' and the negative '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department\'s Search Of Reporters\' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother\'s Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)']'

Question: Argentina's Default: 5 Headlines That Tell The Story

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Yesterday in New York, representatives from Argentina and some of its creditors emerged from negotiations to announce that they had failed. As NPR's Jim Zarroli reports, this meant that the country had fallen into default for a second time in more than 12 years. The repercussions of the default are unpredictable, but it could mean that the country is shut out of the international debt markets, perhaps pushing interest rates and inflation higher. With that here are five headlines that tell the story of Argentina's default: -- "S&P Cuts Argentina To 'Selective Default' Rating" (Barron's):  Even before Argentina technically missed its first payment to bond holders, the credit ratings agency Standard & Poor's issued a rating that means the country had defaulted on "some of its foreign currency obligations." A glimmer of good news in S&P's move: it didn't dive the rating of the country's currency further into junk status because "the potential disruptions to interest payments on Argentina's external debt are not likely to further erode its ability to service its debt issued in its local currency and under its local law." It's important to note that this all started with an order from a U.S. court. Back in 2001, Argentina also defaulted on some of its debt. Out of that mess, some bond holders accepted a restructuring agreement, in which Argentina agreed to pay back a portion of what it owed them. A U.S. court, however, ruled that Argentina could not pay those bond holders without concurrently paying other bond holders who did not come to an agreement with the country in 2001. -- "In Hedge Fund, Argentina Finds Relentless Foe" (New York Times): Speaking of the so called "holdouts," the New York Times talks about the hedge fund of Paul E. Singer, which has a staff of 300, but has "managed to force Argentina, a nation of 41 million people, into a position where it now has to contemplate a humbling surrender." The piece is worth a read. Here's a bit from it:  "As a hedge fund, Elliott's pursuit of Argentina is motivated by a desire to make money. Having bought its Argentine bonds for well below their original value, the firm stands to make a killing if Argentina pays the bonds in full. Legal filings indicate that the face value of its Argentine government bonds was around $170 million, but the firm most likely acquired many of them for much less than that. Elliott and other investors are now seeking more than $1.5 billion, which includes years of unpaid interest. "Still, there is also something of a crusade about the battle that reveals the worldview of Mr. Singer, who is 69. A Republican donor with libertarian leanings, he has spoken out when he thinks that governments and companies have damaged the rights of creditors. "'He doesn't get into fights for the sake of fighting. He believes deeply in the rule of law and that free markets and free societies depend on enforcing it,' said a fellow hedge fund manager, Daniel S. Loeb."  -- "What Are the Ripple Effects if Argentina Defaults?" (Bloomberg): So does this accomplish the less liberal fiscal world that Singer may be looking for? Here's a good round table from Bloomberg addressing the issue: -- "World Weighs Fallout of Argentine Bond Case on Other Indebted Nations" (Wall Street Journal): The Journal captures the big fear some observers have:  "The International Monetary Fund and others are warning that the legal rulings that forced Buenos Aires' hand could imperil future debt restructurings. Already, they say, the case is driving bond issuers to rewrite their contracts to ensure that a small group of creditors wouldn't be able to hold bond deals hostage.   — "Argentina Is Already Unwelcome In The Debt Markets" (The Guardian): The Guardian's Heidi Moore tells us why she thinks that's overblown:  "Absolutely nothing is riding on an Argentina's default. The entire conflict is composed of absurdities. "Here's one: Argentina's president, Cristina Kirchner, maintains that Argentina can't afford to pay the hedge funds. But it pays for the rest of us to be skeptical of that claim: if Argentina can pay some of its bondholders, it can pay all of them. The country owes the holdouts roughly only $1.5bn, a fraction of the $23bn it will pay its other bondholders in a single payment. "Here's another: Argentina's fight with hedge funds sets no precedents for any other countries. The US will feel no impact, beyond a few investors losing some completely manageable amounts of money on their own. Argentina's mulishness centers around a relatively paltry set of 13-year-old, $1.5bn bonds that were badly negotiated and haven't been imitated by any other country since. "And another insanity: Argentina is already unwelcome in the debt markets – avoiding your creditors will do that – so a default wouldn't make it any worse. Argentina has been so financially isolated for so long that it has nearly no global weight to throw around."

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Stories: 1) Lawrence Wright: Bin Laden's Death 'Long In Coming' 2) How Some Made Millions Betting Against The Market


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Question: Carbondale Limits Number of Residents Per Square Foot

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Many towns and counties across the country are enacting stricter laws regulating how many people can live together in a home. Often, these measures are driven by an influx of immigrants who are crowding into homes and apartments so it's more affordable for them. Now, Carbondale, home to a large number of Latino immigrants, has begun enforcing its own anti-crowding measure. Aspen Public Radio's Sarah Hughes reports for KCFR News.

State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Question: Harrisons: 'Take It to the Mattress'

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Sheffield is home to Arctic Monkeys and, as such, any other band that emerges from the city in central England is likely to draw comparisons.  That's certainly true for the pop group Harrisons.  The Sheffield quartet formed four years ago and hasn't been able to shake the Arctic Monkeys connection since.  But to be fair, Harrisons have a sound that unquestionably channels some of the most popular Brit-pop and punk bands that came before them, with an unabashed love of the '80s.  There's the infectious riffs and blue-collar social commentary of The Clash and the pop sensibilities of, say, Duran Duran.  There's also the spiky rhythms of the Arctic Monkeys. Harrisons' debut, No Fighting in the War Room launches with the immediately catchy and frenetic "Dear Constable."  It's a whirlwind of guitars and passionate vocals with Harrisons frontman Jubby Taylor offering his best Joe Strummer.   The album follows with a similar, high-energy rip on "Man of the Hour" and "Wishing Well" before the band tries to show its softer side on the wistful ballad "Little Boy Lost" and dream-pop anthem "Simmer Away." "Take it to the Mattress" is the album's standout track with jangly guitars and infinitely danceable rhythms.  On the surface it's an upbeat romp with an innocent skip in its stride.  But the lyrics offer a darker plea to a drug-addicted friend to dry out as Taylor sings, "I'm not here to blame you.  I'm just here to save you." No Fighting in the War Room is far from brilliant, but it has memorable moments and stands as a strong start for a band that, before this spring, showed real promise.  After having limited success in reaching a major audience, Harrisons decided in April to separate and work on different projects.  Drummer Mark White, guitarist Ben Stanton and bassist Ashley Birch formed the group The Flying Squad.  Harrisons frontman Jubby Taylor is now in a band called Park Brigade. Download this song in the Second Stage podcast. Yesterday's Second Stage artist. Email host Robin Hilton.

Stories: 1) 'Headmaster' Has Still Got Plenty of Soul 2) Sarah Johns' 'Big Love in a Small Town'


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Question: Kepler's Mistake: Rethinking The Excesses Of Rationalism

Those who know me also know that Kepler, the brilliant 17th-century German astronomer, is my scientific hero, a real source of inspiration. And since today is my birthday, I am giving myself a small gift and writing about him. In my mind, no other character in the history of science, not even Galileo and his embattlement with the Inquisition, represents so clearly the archetype of the lone visionary fighting to vindicate his world vision while his life is torn to pieces by personal tragedy and religious persecution. I even wrote a historical novel about his life, which was published in Portuguese and hopefully one day will be published in English. (I'm working on revisions now...) Kepler is popularly known for his discovery of the three laws of planetary motion: orbits are elliptical; the planets trace equal areas in equal times as they go around the Sun; and his harmonic law, a mathematical relation between the time it takes for a planet to orbit the Sun and its distance from it. These were the first quantitative laws of astronomy, found in Kepler's book New Astronomy, published in 1609, the year Galileo pointed his telescope to the sky. What people don't learn in school is who Kepler was, what motivated his thinking. (Or Galileo's, or Copernicus's, or Newton's, a real lack in a too-rigid and pragmatic scientific education. But that's for another day.) Kepler was a true Pythagorean, a believer in the notion that the cosmos is ultimately rational, constructed by God according to geometric rules which men, through their creativity and utter devotion to natural philosophy, could understand. In this, Kepler is perhaps the best example of the "mind of God" metaphor, that there is an underlying order to Nature that we can uncover through the diligent application of the scientific method. In this, Kepler was a man with a foot in Plato's Academy and another in the future: he believed that Nature could be understood a priori, through mind alone, although he also believed that any theory had to be confronted with data and discarded if not proven correct. If only he had lived up to his own philosophy... Read More >> In 1595, Kepler had a vision while lecturing a handful of sleepy students at a Lutheran school in Graz, Austria. He realized that the distance between Jupiter and the Sun is half that of Saturn and the Sun (approximately). Of course he knew that, but somehow it hit him anew that day, with deeper meaning. Could it be a coincidence? Never! In a cosmos designed by a rational God there were no coincidences. So, he spent a few days trying to come up with a geometric formulation of the then-known solar system (only up to Saturn). First, he wanted to understand why there were only six planets; second, how their distances from the Sun were fixed. In an explosive flash of intuition, Kepler realized that he could nest the five Platonic solids (pyramid, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron) one inside another like Russian dolls, interspersing shells between them. The shells marked the planetary orbits, while the ordering of the solids, fixed by geometry, determined the distances between the shells and thus between the planets and the central Sun. With five solids, there could be only 6 interspersed spheres, one for each planet. Voila! Kepler rejoiced when he found an arrangement precise to about 5%, quite an amazing feat. There it was, a rational explanation for the cosmos, based on geometry! The cathartic impact of this revelation never left him, even after he used Tycho Brahe's data to find his laws of elliptical orbits; surely, he reasoned, the shells have some thickness and Tycho's data, albeit great, is not perfect. If it were, he believed, we would see that his geometrical model was correct. Kepler would have been quite shocked to find out that there are more than six planets in the solar system, and that his scheme simply doesn't make any sense. He died in blissful ignorance, as Uranus was only discovered in 1781. Still, his laws remain valid and are key in the study of astronomy. His mistake was to believe irrationally on his rational vision of the cosmos, giving it a finality it (or any other a priori scientific theory) didn't deserve. We may do well to learn from Kepler's mistake, especially when we start to take our models and theories well beyond the level of empirical validation. Although there are many such notions around, none of course is more an heir to this sort of Platonic rationalism as current versions of superstring theories. (A recent post by co-blogger Adam Frank addresses some of these issues.) To rely on human reason to uncover "eternal truths" is a danger that is too easy to succumb to. I counter that we must look at physical reality with our eyes wide open, acknowledging our fallibility with the humility that Nature deserves.

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Stories: 1) Do You See What I See? A Scientist's Journey Into 3-D 2) Dr. John: Righteous Anger, Graced By Wit 3) Clunky Characters, Cancer Characterize 'Big C'


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Question: Smart Phone Banking On The Rise, But Is It Safe?

April Carson hasn't been inside a bank for five years. She says she takes care of all of her banking needs wherever she wants using her mobile phone. Sometimes that means banking during her daily Metro commute in the Washington, D.C., area. Back in the 1970s, ATMs inspired fear and awe. Suddenly, you could do your banking 24 hours a day. But was it really safe? These days, new concerns are surfacing about banking by smart phone. As more customers bank by phone, security experts warn that more criminals will try to steal by phone. As Carson sips her cappuccino at a coffee shop, she opens her bank's app on her iPhone and taps in the password. "You know, that is one pain -- like [a] minor pain -- sometimes my fingers are too big so I put in the wrong password," she says. Carson unfolds a check to deposit, takes a photo of it with her phone and then uploads the image to her bank. Increasing Mobile Features For Banking Customers About 10 percent of U.S. households engage in mobile banking now, according to Nielsen, a market research firm. Only a handful of banks allow people to make mobile deposits. But most banks offer some mobile features. When Cardinal Bank in Virginia rolled out its mobile website three years ago, many customers were leery, says Alice Frazier, the bank's chief operating officer. "Now, it's an expected service when people come to bank with us," she says. Today, just under 10 percent of customers use the mobile site to check balances or transfer funds. Frazier says it's just as safe as using a desktop computer. "What you need to know is that no customer information is saved on the phone," she says. "It goes away when the transaction is complete." But that's not always the case with the downloadable apps put out by banks, says mobile security expert Andrew Hoog. "When people, let's say, in my family and friends' groups say, 'Well, should we use this mobile banking app on our cell phone?' I'm fairly skeptical of it," he says. "I certainly don't do it." Many Banking Apps Fail A Security Test Hoog is the co-founder of a company called viaForensics, which recently tested six of the most popular banking apps for potential weaknesses. Only one app passed the test. Some, like Wells Fargo's Android app, stored critical information on the phone in plain text. "We were able to come in and find your username," Hoog says. "We were able to find your password. We were able to find out all of the different information about your bank account, about who you were buying services from, who you were paying [and] what your mortgage was costing." Wells Fargo and other banks responded quickly with fixes, but Hoog worries that rapidly changing technology means developers put speed ahead of security. Inside the banking industry, security experts are less skeptical. "I have begun to use mobile banking myself, yes," says Paul Smocer, who is in charge of technology at The Financial Services Roundtable, a banking trade group. "We haven't seen a whole lot of malicious software yet," he says. "Part of that relates to the fact that there are so many different manufacturers and operating systems in the mobile world. But part of it, I think, is also to do with the fact that this is a relatively new environment, and unfortunately, crime follows growth." Moving Toward Using A Facial Or Fingerprint ID System But Smocer says new technology could eventually make banking by cell phone safer than banking online or at an ATM. "Facial biometrics is something we're looking at as an industry," he says. That means using the phone's camera to verify who is trying to access an account. Cell phones of the future could also use fingerprints to check identity. In the meantime, Smocer has some simple advice for mobile bankers: Treat your phone like you would a credit card. "My phone is now much more than a phone," he says. "It is an enabled device that allows me to do financial transactions." In other words, don't lose it.

Good morning, here are our early stories: After Chávez: His 'Revolution' Is Likely To Continue. Storm Brings Season's Heaviest Snowfall To Midwest, Mid-Atlantic. And here are more early headlines: Brennan's CIA Nomination On 'Fast Track'; Vote May Come As Early As Thursday. (AP) Finally! Last Cardinal Expected Soon At Vatican To Help Choose New Pope. (CNN) Could Dow's New Record Prompt More Spending By Wealthy? (Marketwatch) European Union Fines Microsoft For Denying Consumers Web Browser Choice. (Reuters) After Two Years Of Fighting, Syria Has 1 Million Refugees. (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles City Councilman, Controller, Headed For Mayoral Runoff. (KPCC) Czech Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Under Attack By Hackers. (Reuters) Did The Duchess Of Cambridge Drop A Hint About Her Baby's Gender? (People)


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

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Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


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Question: Obama's Trip Focuses On The Pacific

President Obama left Friday for a nine-day trip to Hawaii, Australia and Indonesia. The president is trying to justify this long foreign excursion by saying that it will create American jobs.

The major news of the morning, as we've reported, is the 8.9 magnitude earthquake that struck Japan today and the tsunami warning that stretches east to Hawaii and the Pacific coast of the continental U.S. We'll be following that story as the day continues. Other stories making headlines include: -- Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: Court Battles, Recalls Likely After Passage Of Collective Bargaining Bill. -- The New York Times: "Obama Seeks A Course Of Pragmatism In The Middle East." -- BBC News: European Union Leaders Say Gadhafi Must Go. -- The Guardian: "Libyan Troops Enter Ras Lanuf." -- The Wall Street Journal: "U.S. Families Slice Debt To Lowest In 6 Years." -- Politico: "GOP's 2012 Playbook: Budget Cuts Blaze Trail." -- NPR.org: "Tears, No New Fears At Muslim Radicals Hearing."


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Question: Rep. McClintock, R-Sacramento?

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A little political intrigue for the end of the week, as a newspaper report suggests California¿s most recognizable conservative lawmaker may be considering a run for Congress from Sacramento.
Washington, D.C. based Roll Call reports today that state Sen. Tom McClintock (R-Thousand Oaks) may run for the U.S. House of Representatives seat representing California¿s 4th district. [...]

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Are Democrats In Congress Trying To Thwart Calif. Redistricting?  - Brain Researcher Antonio Damasio


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Question: Sen. Dan Sullivan Outlines The Current State Of The Iran Nuclear Deal

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NPR's Robert Siegel talks to Republican Sen. Dan Sullivan from Alaska about what Congress will do if President Trump decides to decertify the Iran Deal.

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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: NRA, In New Document, Acknowledges More Than 20 Russian-Linked Contributors

The National Rifle Association has accepted contributions from about 23 Russians, or Americans living in Russia, since 2015, the gun rights group acknowledged to Congress. The NRA said in a letter to Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., unveiled on Wednesday, that the sum it received from those people was just over $2,500 and most of that was "routine payments" for membership dues or magazine subscriptions. About $525 of that figure was from "two individuals who made contributions to the NRA." Wyden has been querying the NRA about its Russia connections following press reports that suggest the FBI is investigating whether Russians might have tried to use the NRA or other political organizations as part of their attack on the 2016 election. One high-profile Russian NRA supporter, state bank official Alexander Torshin, has cultivated a years-long relationship with the organization — but he was placed under sanction by the United States with other Russians last week. The NRA acknowledged that Torshin, a Kremlin-linked politician, is a life member of the NRA, and has been since 2012. "He has paid membership dues, but has not made any contributions," NRA general counsel John Frazer wrote to Wyden. Now, however: "Based on Mr. Torshin's listing as a specially designated national as of April 6, we are currently reviewing our responsibilities with respect to him," Frazer wrote. McClatchy has previously reported that the FBI is investigating whether Torshin may have funneled money to the NRA Frazer told Wyden in his letter that he believed the NRA has been more than cooperative with Wyden's questions and that this would be the last response he'll send to the senator's office. "Given the extraordinarily time-consuming and burdensome nature of your requests, we must respectfully decline to engage in this beyond the clear answers we have already provided," Frazer wrote. The NRA has been revising its statements on the question of foreign donations. Steven Hart, an outside counsel for the NRA, had said previously in an interview with ABC News that the NRA had received just one contribution from a Russian individual between 2012 and 2018. Since then, it has emerged there have been more. A Wyden aide, who asked not to be identified discussing the office's investigation, said the NRA's shifting statements would prompt Wyden to consider how he might continue his questioning. "After three letters, the NRA continually, and specifically avoided detailing what measures it takes to vet donations, including from shell companies, a known means for Russians to funnel money into the United States," the aide said. "Sen. Wyden will be referring his correspondence with the NRA to the Federal Elections Commission to contribute to their inquiry ... As ranking member of the Finance Committee, he is considering additional oversight actions in light of this response."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: UBS To Pay $1.5 Billion For 'Routine And Widespread' Rate Rigging. President Obama Is 'Time' Magazine's 'Person Of The Year'. Newtown Shootings: Funerals Continue; Biden To Lead Task Force. And here are more early headlines: Conn. Medical Examiner Investigating Whether Newtown Shooter's Genetics Involved. (Hartford Courant) Major Winter Storm Bearing Down On Rockies, Plains. (Wunderground) More Pakistani Health Workers Killed While Administering Polio Vaccine. (CNN) South Korean Presidential Candidates In Close Contest, A Day After Vote. (Bloomberg) Russian Lawmakers Voting On Ban Of Child Adoptions By Americans. (ABC) Former IMF Chief Strauss-Kahn Still Faces French 'Pimping' Charges. (BBC) General Motors Will Buy Back 200 Million Shares Of Its Stock From U.S. (Detroit Free Press)


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Question: Study: Absent Dads Impact Daughters' Sexual Behavior

A new study reinforces the notion that a father's absence during his daughter's childhood can have a negative impact on the girl's sexual behavior.  But the research challenges previous studies suggesting poverty is the main reason such girls are at a higher risk for early sexual activity and pregnancy. NPR's Rachel Jones reports.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: A Church Divided Over Gay Clergy: Interview

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Host Scott Shafer talks with Kevin Eckstrom, editor of the Washington D.C.-based Religion News Service about the compromise offered by the national Episcopal Church.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2.


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Question: Religious Laws Used Against Pakistani Muslims

Pakistan's controversial blasphemy law is intended to prevent citizens from defiling the name of the prophet Muhammad. But human rights activists say the law inflames religious passions and condones hate crimes. Though the law is used against members of Pakistan's small Christian community, 70 percent of those charged are Muslims. NPR's Miranda Kennedy reports.

Stories: 1) Reporter Explores America's Unique Take on Justice 2) Growing Up In a Surfer Family, Wipeouts and All


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Question: Texas Gov. Testifies On Crisis In Child Immigration

This week the House Committee on Homeland Security met to discuss minors entering the U.S. alone through Texas. NPR's Tamara Keith talks with correspondent John Burnett, who's been covering the surge.

Good morning - here are some stories we're following today: Luxury Cars Do Poorly In New Type Of Crash Test. Unsealed Documents 'Hint At The Evidence' In Colorado Shootings. N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, Fla. Senator Marco Rubio To Give Key Speeches At Republican National Convention. (National Journal) Western Wildfires Destroy Homes, Leave One Firefighter Dead. (AP) Defected Syrian Prime Minister Claims Assad Regime Is Collapsing. (BBC) In A Change, Iran Now Welcomes Aid For Earthquake Victims. (VOA) French Youths Clash With Police For Second Night. (Reuters) Violence Turns Deadly Between Two Unions At South African Platinum Mine. (AllAfrica.com) Educational Accrediting Agency Issues Warning To Penn State. (USA Today) Conn. Woman Wrongly Billed For 25 Years For Streetlights, Gets Refund. (Hartford Courant)


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Question: Peak Farmland? Some Researchers Say It's Here

If you're looking for a dash of optimism about the future — and who isn't, these days? — you can find it in a rosy new prediction about the planet's ability to produce food for the next half-century. It comes to us from a trio of researchers at Rockefeller University. Their bottom line: We have more than enough land to grow all the food that the world's increasing population will desire. In fact, farmers' ability to grow more food on less land will even outrun demand for that food, and farmers will abandon land once used to grow crops. As the researchers put it, "we are confident that we stand on the peak of cropland use, gazing at a wide expanse of land that will be spared for Nature." Globally, they predict that farmers will release an area bigger than Egypt, or the equivalent of ten Iowas. Now, before you go and cross off "food supply" from your list of things to worry about, I must tell you that some other crystal balls show a darker vision of the future. The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization, for instance, thinks that feeding humanity in 2050 will require farmers to grow crops on an additional quarter of a million square miles, or five Iowas. There are even scenarios that show agriculture gobbling up natural ecosystems equal in size to the entire U.S. What produces such wildly different visions of the future? Basically, it comes down to a few key assumptions about supply and demand for food. The Rockefeller group, for instance, says that demand for meat, and in particular, beef, is not increasing as quickly as some have predicted. Chinese are eating more meat as they get richer, but they are not duplicating the meat-heavy diets of many other countries. The single most important assumption, however, concerns farmers' ability to increase the amount of food they can grow from each acre of land. The Rockefeller University group assumes that farmers will continue to increase their crop yields at roughly the same pace as they have since 1961 — some 1.7 percent per year. Others, like the FAO and the International Food Policy Research Institute, don't believe that's likely. Yield increases have been much lower — about 1.2 percent per year — over the past 20 years. And that's before one even considers the impact of the climate change, which could be devastating for some regions. Jesse Ausubel, who led the Rockefeller group, says that it's "arrogant" and "peculiar" to assume that the world's farmers cannot increase their productivity rapidly, if needed. Large gains in crop yields haven't been needed over the past two decades, he says, because food has been relatively abundant. In fact, Ausubel says, the expansion of crop lands strictly for food production ended twenty years ago; additional land was taken, however, to satisfy the demand for biofuels. But Ausubel expects that expansion to end, too.

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Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: Field Notes from 91.7 WVXU

For kids who can't get enough science, Thane Maynard's Field Notes introduces listeners to Crystal Clear after-school programs.

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Prep Work Contributes To Successful Protest Turnout

The New York and Missouri grand jury decisions sparked protests across the country. To mobilize supporters, organizers relied on social media and old-fashioned methods of phone calls and canvassing.


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Question: Mueller Investigation Secures Another Guilty Plea

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This time, a lawyer who worked with Ukraine lobbyists Paul Manafort and Rick Gates is acknowledging he lied to the FBI. It's part of the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election.

If it's Tuesday, somebody somewhere is voting. Here are some of the headlines we're watching: Today's Primaries: Gingrich's Swan Song Or Reason To Remain? It's Zip It Day On Google. World Stocks Rise Ahead Of Federal Reserve Meeting. (CBS) 'Do Not Recall': James Murdoch Says He Had No Reason To Suspect Wrongdoing At Media Empire. (MSNBC) Syrian Rebels Target Security Officials, Killing 3 And Rocking Damascus With Bomb Blast. (AP) South Sudan Says Sudan's Actions Equal Declaration Of War. (VOA) Roger Clemens 'Trapped' By Deceit, Prosecutors Say In Perjury Retrial. (Los Angeles Times) John Edwards' Former Aide Takes Stand Against Former Boss. (AP) Ryan Seacrest Inks New Two-year Deal To Stay With 'American Idol'. (Hollywood Reporter)


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Question: 1812: The War That Forged A Nation

Guest: Walter R. Borneman, Writer (archive from 10/25/04)

Episode # 1983 Inventing the newspaper in seventeenth-century England.


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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