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Question: Comair Crash: Pilots Discussed Dark Runway

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The National Transportation Safety Board released the facts it has found in the August 2006 crash of Comair Flight 5191. The plane went down as it attempted to take off from Blue Grass Airport in Lexington, Ky., killing 49 people.  The only survivor was the jet's first officer, who was critically wounded.  The newly released information is not the final word on the accident — it is a collection of facts and data that the NTSB will use in writing its final report. Comair flight 5191 took off on the wrong runway. The regional jet was supposed to use a 7,000-foot runway. Instead, it used a shorter runway half that long — and investigators have struggled to find out why. Everything in the conversation between pilot Jeffrey Clay and co-pilot James Polehinke seemed routine. The captain said "all set" as he and the first officer completed their checklist. Then the captain said, "All yours, Jim," as he turned the controls over to the first officer.  Seconds later, the co-pilot noted it was "weird" that the air strip had no lights. The captain responded, "Yeah." The last word on the transcript is the captain saying "Whoa," followed by the sound of the crash. The captain, flight attendant and all 47 passengers died. Only the first officer survived, but with severe injuries. Peter Garrison, a contributing editor for Flying magazine, says the transcript also reveals something else: The crew used  procedures that should have prevented the mistake that they made. One possible factor, says Garrison, is that the pilots chatted about their jobs, wives, children, and dogs as they ran their regular checklists. Garrison says one lesson pilots can take from this is that it's important to screen out all conversations that are not directly related to flight safety. That's what pilots call a "sterile cockpit." MELISSA BLOCK, Host:  As NPR's Kathleen Schalch reports, a key piece of evidence is the transcript of the plane's cockpit voice recorder. KATHLEEN SCHALCH: Comair flight 5191 took off on the wrong runway. The regional jet was supposed to use a 7,000-foot runway. Instead, it used one half that long. Ben Berman is a former chief of major investigations at the National Transportation Safety Board. For him, the question is why. BEN BERMAN: And now with the release of the voice-recorder transcript, there is some hints about maybe what was going on or what the state of mind of the pilots might have been. SCHLACH: Everything in the conversation between pilot Jeffrey Clay and co- pilot James Polehinke seemed routine. The captain said, all set as he and the first officer completed their checklist. Then the captain said, all yours, Jim, as he turned the controls over to the first officer. Seconds later, the co- pilot noted it was quote "weird" that the airstrip had no lights. The captain responded, yeah. Again, Ben Berman. BERMAN: It's clear that the pilots had no conception at all that they were on the wrong runway, and there weren't any exclamations of surprise or anything until just a few seconds before impact. SCHLACH: The last word on the transcript is the captain saying whoa, followed by the sound of the crash. The captain, flight attendant and all 47 passengers died. Only the first officer survived, but with severe injuries. Peter Garrison is a contributing editor for Flying magazine. He says the transcript reveals something else. The crew used procedures that should have prevented the mistake they made. PETER GARRISON: There was a runway check as part of their checklist. They went through it and seemingly didn't notice that the, you know, the answer was the wrong answer. SCHLACH: The plane was cleared to depart on Runway 22, but it was on the much shorter Runway 26. One possible factor, says Peter Garrison, is that the pilots chatted about their jobs, wives, children and dogs as they ran their regular checklists. Garrison says one lesson pilots can take from this is that it's important to screen out all conversations that are not directly related to flight safety. That's what pilots call a sterile cockpit. GARRISON: Even though it feels kind of unnaturally rigid and robotic to avoid all kinds of irrelevant conversation, it's probably not a bad idea to do so. SCHLACH: The National Transportation Safety Board hasn't yet drawn its own conclusions about the cause of this accident. But former NTSB investigator Ben Berman has his own theory. BERMAN: The cause of this thing lies in human nature. People make mistakes all the time in cockpits and out of cockpits in every field of endeavor. And in the cockpit, there are so many layers of correction and self-correction that usually, these types of errors are caught. SCHLACH: Kathleen Schlach, NPR News, Washington. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) BLOCK: The economics of rock 'n' roll, lessons from an indie band, just ahead on ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.

Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

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Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, Mozart's opera of love and intrigue "Cosi fan Tutte." 13:15  OUTCUE: ..."COSI FAN TUTTE." [PLUS TAIL]

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Tiny Island Rocked by Rape Charges

represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr Given ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', '(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)\nSecretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]'], a positive would be ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', '4 Years... 700,000 More Voters']

NPR's Robert Siegel talks to Sue Ingram, a reporter with Radio New Zealand who is covering the trials of seven men on remote Pitcairn Island. The seven, half of the island's adult male population, are all charged with rape and having sex with underage girls between 1964 and 1999. The total population on Pitcairn is just 47.

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Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: 'Heartless': A Devilish Deal, And A Missed Opportunity

Sometimes one great scene causes an entire movie to snap into focus -- and not necessarily in a way that's flattering to the other scenes around it. Roughly halfway through the moody British horror film Heartless, the fine character actor Eddie Marsan -- perhaps best known as Sally Hawkins' unhinged driving instructor in Mike Leigh's Happy Go Lucky -- turns up as "Weapons Man," an unholy functionary tasked with giving the devil's servants their assignments. His purpose? To make sure the chaos created by one person "doesn't clash with other elements of chaos in the area." Behold the banality of evil! Squeezed into formal wear, Marsan carries himself like a seasoned insurance salesman, tossing around pleasantries about his wife's love of yucca plants and lavender baths before getting down to the business at hand. When he finally informs our hero what his boss requires of him -- "One brutal murder. How's that sound?" -- the shock of it is undercut by his cheery nonchalance. It's a surprising, hilarious, electrifying scene, not least because the hour leading up to it is so determinedly portentous and glum. The presence of Weapons Man suggests a lively dark comedy about the bureaucratic hassles that affect even the Dark Lord's business. Sadly, the movie surrounding Marsan's one-scene wonder lacks the same purposeful zing, settling instead for a murky combination of beastie genre thriller and urban crime metaphor. Jim Sturgess, the handsome young star of 21 and Across The Universe, plays Jamie, a timid shutterbug who still lives in a dreary London flat with his mother. The source of his crippling insecurity is a heart-shaped birthmark on the left side of his face, which attracts ridicule from bullies and robs him of the confidence necessary to even approach a woman. While shooting photos in the seedier corners of the East End, Jamie stumbles onto hooded street toughs who actually, as he will come to discover, are demons. After a pack of them ambush and kill his mother at a bus stop, Jamie gets summoned to an abandoned tenement, where Papa B (Joseph Mawle), their ringleader and the self-proclaimed "patron saint of random violence," offers him a Faustian bargain: Should Jamie agree to tag a few walls with anti-God graffiti at the time of his choosing, Papa B will remove the birthmark and give Jamie a shot at real happiness. Working for the first time in over a decade, writer-director Phillip Ridley, who made the confounding (but beloved by some) 1990 mood piece The Reflecting Skin, seems like he's trying too hard to make up for lost time. What begins as a supernatural evocation of street toughs run amok -- think the young thugs of Harry Brown, only with razor-sharp fangs -- mushrooms into an unfocused, lugubrious odyssey that dabbles in family melodrama, philosophical good-vs.-evil musings and the occasional disembowelment. Heartless seems eternally at war with its own genre, unwilling to succumb to bloody mayhem yet neither smart nor coherent enough to transcend horror convention. Marsan's performance suggests a different path, but Ridley declines to pursue it, choosing instead to marinate in Jamie's mopey anguish as the devil takes him by the hand. No prizes for guessing where this one is headed: Those Faustian bargains never were what they're cracked up to be.

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Stories: 1) 'Inside' A Backup Singer's Journey To Center Stage 2) The Lyrics And Legacy Of Stephen Foster 3) A Rich Satire About Street Art, Or Is It A Hoax?


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Supreme Game, Making Advice Great Again, Havanabama

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: Costco Won't Be Undersold on Picassos

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Earlier this week we told you Costco had added Picassos to its lineup of beds, detergent and vitamins. The discount giant says one work of art sold Wednesday. The Picasso described as a "doodle" was offered on the Web site for $39,999.99 -- at a mark up of only 10 percent, much lower than classier purveyors of fine art. But like Sotheby's and Christies, Costco will not reveal the name of the buyer.

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Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: In Conversation About Diversity In Hollywood, Where Does Sundance Fit In?

When the Sundance Film Festival kicked off last month, the subject of diversity was in the air. Just days after the Academy of Motion Pictures rekindled the debate on #OscarsSoWhite, thousands of filmmakers and journalists decamped to Park City, Utah's snowy mountains to discover new indie gems and meet the auteurs of tomorrow. But with renewed attention on who's behind the camera, the debate turned to the festival itself, with questions on which kinds of movies tend to make it into the prestigious event, which don't and what role Sundance plays in the bigger picture of Hollywood diversity. During Sundance's opening press conference, creator Robert Redford fielded the diversity question directly, saying "diversity comes out of the word independence. That's the principle word that we operate from." He pointed to greater support for independent creators outside the studio system — which is what Sundance aims to do — as one answer to the industry's lack of diversity. Conversations with several filmmakers and critics of color during the festival suggest that while Sundance could never be a silver bullet in fixing Hollywood's diversity problems, it indeed has an important role to play. Bird Runningwater, director of Sundance's Native American and Indigenous Program, says Sundance can point to three decades of experience championing and funding the works of marginalized filmmakers. After a lengthy career in philanthropy and nonprofits, Runningwater, a descendant of Cheyenne and Mescalero Apache peoples, became involved with the Institute's Native Lab, which helped to develop and workshop movies like Drunktown's Finest, Miss Navajo and Four Sheets to the Wind. Since the program began in 1981, about 300 Indigenous filmmakers have received grants, lab fellowships, training and mentoring. Runningwater says the Sundance Institute (the company umbrella that includes festivals and various workshops) has always taken an interest in the work of diverse filmmakers. "The work with Native filmmakers actually precedes the Institute because of [Sundance co-creator Robert] Redford's work with Native communities early on in his career," he said. Part of the Native Lab's history can be traced to early Institute founders Larry LittleBird (Taos Pueblo) and Chris SpottedEagle (Houmas Nation). "When Sundance was founded, it was one of the threads of work that [Redford] wanted the Institute to serve," Runningwater said. After launching its Native American and Indigenous Program, Sundance began experimenting with new career-building opportunities for a variety of communities often excluded by the Hollywood system. Now aspiring filmmakers can apply for the Latino Screenwriting Project, Asian American Feature Film Fellowship and the Women in Sundance Program. "I think Sundance at the very least makes more of a concerted effort than many other festivals," says Huffington Post culture writer Zeba Blay. "We've seen films written and directed by black folk (Dear White People, Fruitvale Station and Dope) get lots of buzz and go on to do incredibly well after debuting at the fest." She said that the Sundance Institute "has explicitly defined diversity as one of its core values." The buzz around this year's major Sundance offering The Birth of a Nation is even louder than last year's hype around Dope, culminating in a $17.5 million deal signed by Birth director Nate Parker and Fox Searchlight and a standing ovation in Utah. But Sundance's efforts are just one piece of a much larger, very complicated puzzle, Blay cautions. "At the end of the day, the industry as a whole is still broken," she says. "The talent is there, but they have to work twice or three times as hard to generate the kind of interest that leads to distribution and further opportunities." This was also a concern shared by Women & Hollywood blog editor Melissa Silverstein. "There's a huge disconnect for women and people of color," she said. "You can get into the competition, but as you move up the pipeline and the level of prestige increases, as the amount of money increases, and as business comes into the equation, you see less and less women and particularly, less and less women of color." This year, Sundance showed 61 films by women and six from indigenous filmmakers. Stats for other filmmakers of color weren't readily available, which is one of the issues Runningwater and his team are working to address. "It's self-identification on the filmmaker side of things," he explained. "Some people don't want to answer the question because they think it will hinder their chances. Other people are excited to answer because they believe it's important to report the numbers." He estimated that there were about 30 filmmakers of color in this year's festival lineup of around 200 feature length and short films. The increased attention on underrepresented filmmakers excites Sonita director Rokhsareh Ghaem. The Iranian director believes the digital revolution is behind the increase of female

Stories: 1) William Hurt: In Every Role, A New Life To Inhabit 2) From Israel, A Humane And Honest Look At Life


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Question: Culturetopia: No Foolin' Edition

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The week's best arts stories, coming at you via podcast [slightly late this week, which is my fault — Linda], include a truly funny backstage glimpse into the complex cosmetic process that transmogrifies the great stage actor Brian Bedford into Lady Bracknell in the current Broadway production of Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest. We've also got the story of Maurice Sendak's only known mural, painted on a bedroom wall over 50 years ago and now being restored and donated to a museum. Also in this week's roundup: an interview with pop star Ricky Martin on his post-closeted existence and his first album in years;  Susan Stamberg visits the best museum she thinks you haven't visited, the Norton Simon, in Pasadena; and a look at changes in e-book sales. Finally, we've got Food Network chef Jeff Henderson on his just-published soul food cookbook. Go on and subscribe here, or listen below.

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: A Dollar Bill has Two Sides

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Susan Dix Lyons and her husband have very different attitudes about money — and the tension between the two helps define who they are.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...House Keeper Wanted; Bidin' His Time; Stacked Up On The Runway.


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

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Within a few hours I'll be on a plane, heading to Los Angeles for a station visit to KPCC and Southern California Public Radio.  When I announced this trip last Friday, I said I probably won't have time to put up a new ScuttleButton puzzle this week. Well, the outpouring of disappointment was enormous.  At least one person wrote to complain.  Actually, now that I think of it, it was only one person.  So I changed my mind, and there will be a new puzzle after all. Just remember how to play.  As you know, every Friday on this blog, I put forward a vertical display of buttons.  Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) And don't focus on a political answer. It doesn't necessarily have to be political, though it could be. A   correct answer chosen at random gets his  or her name in this column.   Personally, I can't imagine a greater  honor. You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state -- you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. Click                  here for last week's puzzle and its solution. And,   by adding your name to the Political                Junkie mailing list, you will be the first on your  block to receive notice   when a new puzzle goes up on the blog. Sign up  at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good                  luck, and have a great weekend! P.S. I usually    reveal the answer -- and announce the winner -- in this space on    Tuesdays.  But with all my travels next week -- from Los Angeles I'm heading to San Francisco, where we will be doing the Political Junkie segment on Talk of the Nation on Wednesday the 6th -- there may not be an announced winner until (gasp) Friday, a week from today.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Poorest in Iraq Unable to Seek Refuge

Sectarian violence has forced millions of Iraqis from their homes. An estimated 2.5 million cannot afford to cross the border and flee from one troubled region to the next. Aid workers say the internally displaced are not getting the help they desperately need.

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Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: Field Notes from 91.7 WVXU

For kids who can't get enough science, Thane Maynard's Field Notes introduces listeners to Crystal Clear after-school programs.

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: The Cost at Home for Iraq Contract Workers

Contractors who work in Iraq are asked to risk a lot -- there can be the physical dangers, as this week's hostage murders demonstrate.  But there are potential costs and losses at home, as well.  NPR's Eric Niiler talks to a contractor and his family in Ellicott City, Md.

Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What's The Word? How English Evolved This Decade


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Question: It's National Margarita Day. Pina Colada's Turn Is Still Months Off

It's Monday, Feb. 22, which means it's National Margarita Day. It's also George Washington's actual birthday. I don't think there's a connection. When I learned it was NMD, I immediately suspected the hand of the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America or Jimmy Buffet, who has a whole chain of Margaritaville restaurants, might be behind it. No evidence from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers website that they have anything to do with NMD. (I did learn there, however, that former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin will be speaking to the keynote speaker at their Caesars Palace convention in Las Vegas. "Governor Palin is a great supporter of America's free enterprise system and understands that industries like the beverage alcohol industry play a key role in driving our national economy" WSWA president Craig Wolf is quoted as saying.) Jimmy Buffet, on the other hand, is clearly trying to drive some extra business to his Margaritaville restaurants today with, among other things, margarita specials and free margarita mix to anyone named Marguerite, Margarita or Rita. Seems like people named Margaret should be in the mix to but that would probably would mean giving away a lot more margarita mix. Those who prefer pina coladas are just going to have to wait until July 10 to catch the bar specials sure to come to mark the occasion. Read More >> Actually, nearly every day of the year appears to have a food associated with it according to this list including, improbably, Christmas which doubles as National Pumpkin Pie Day which really ought to be Thanksgiving, shouldn't it? In the same vein, wouldn't you think there'd be a National Turkey Day at the end of November? There isn't. The closest is March 30 which is Turkey Neck Soup Day. Who knew?

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If you listen to Pop Culture Happy Hour, you know that we were carefully watching the Super Bowl last weekend on behalf of die-hard Packer fan Stephen Thompson. On this week's show, we wrap up the football talk for the season (you can actually hear Stephen's tired voice from all the shrieking he did the night before our Monday taping), from the game to the results of Stephen's chicken-eating contest to the ads to the halftime show to the always tricky words to the National Anthem. After that, we move on to Valentine's Day, touching on the straightforwardly romantic and bitterly, ironically romantic things we love so much, from albums to movies to Trey doing something about, I think, opera? (Just kidding. I know it's opera.) And then, as always, we talk about what's making us happy this week. As always, you can follow us on Twitter: follow me, Stephen,Trey, Glen and Mike, and we'll do our best to keep you entertained. You can also find us on Facebook, where we take topic suggestions, answer questions, and lots more. A few necessary links, after the jump. Some of what we talked about this week: Last year's wrap-up of Super Bowl halftime shows Hulu's collection of Super Bowl ads More about Clem Snide "You Wonderful You" from Summer Stock Regarding 69 Love Songs by Magnetic Fields: Cartoonists take on the record, on a site that is fascinating but periodically not safe for work, INCLUDING THE URL, so please be cautious: It's here. The Christine Lavin song "Regretting What I Said," which is actually called "Regretting What I Said to You When You Called Me At 11:00 On a Friday Morning to Tell Me that at 1:00 Friday Afternoon You're Gonna Leave Your Office, Go Downstairs, Hail a Cab to Go Out to the Airport to Catch a Plane to Go Skiing in the Alps for Two Weeks, Not that I Wanted to Go With You, I Wasn't Able to Leave Town, I'm Not a Very Good Skier, I Couldn't Expect You to Pay My Way, But After Going Out With You for Three Years I DON'T Like Surprises!! Subtitled: A Musical Apology."


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

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Examples:

"['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.\nIn comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]']" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details!', 'Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed']"

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Impressionist Hero Edouard Manet Gets The Star Treatment In Los Angeles

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To give you a sense - "['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'The deputy attorney general has appointed Robert Mueller as special counsel on the Russia investigation. Mueller ran the FBI for 12 years, beginning one week before the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks.']" should be close to "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Former FBI Director To Lead Probe Of Russian Meddling']"

A major star who has absolutely nothing do to with movies is having his day in Los Angeles right now. It's the 19th century French painter Edouard Manet. Not exactly an Impressionist, Manet was revolutionary enough for the Impressionists to make him their hero. Two LA museums are now featuring two major Manet works. Several museums in the area have Manets in their permanent collections. But these two — The Railway, on loan from Washington's National Gallery of Art, and Spring, which is worth about $65 million — are new in town and getting the star treatment. The Norton Simon Museum has The Railway on view for the first time on the West Coast. It's a large canvas — two figures — a young woman and a little girl, perhaps 6 or 7 — in front of the vertical wrought iron bars of a fence. Curator Emily Beeny says critics ridiculed the picture in 1874; they said the work caricatured the woman and the girl as patients in a mental institution, animals in a zoo, or inmates in a prison. As usual Manet, then 41, was being enigmatic. In The Railway there isn't a train in sight. You know it's there, though — from puffs of steam billowing behind those black bars at the Gare Saint-Lazare, the bustling new rail station near Manet's studio. The child in his picture is fascinated by those white clouds of steam — with her back to us, you can see the soft baby fat along her upper arm and neck and a sweet white dress with a crisp blue taffeta sash, tied behind in a big bow — "Manet was very attentive to women's and girls' fashion," Beeny says. Sitting next to the child, facing us, with a book and a small dog in her lap, is a young woman in an up-to-the minute outfit. It's "a specific style of blue dress that was fashionable through the summer of 1872," Beeny explains. Who is this nattily dressed lady? What is her relationship to the girl beside her? Sisters? Aunt and niece? Mother and child? Beeny suspects the older woman is a governess. She looks right at us with ... resignation? Annoyance? Boredom? "How long do I have to sit here while this kid stares at the steam!?" "We can read whatever we want to into that look, and that's what made her such an amazing model and muse for Manet," Beeny says. Years earlier, in her teens, Victorine Meurent posed for some of Manet's most revolutionary pictures. She was a prostitute, supine on a sofa, in Olympia. She picnicked with top-hatted men in The Luncheon on the Grass. No fine clothes for her then — in those paintings she was in the nude, and, as always, enigmatic. Beeny says that in practically every painting Manet made of Meurent, he paints her looking directly out at the viewer, with that indiscernible stare. 'The Perfect Encapsulation of Spring' A different young woman is the star of the other painting now on view in LA — Manet's Spring, painted in 1881, for which the Getty paid $65 million. It's French actress Jeanne Demarsy, and this painting of her is "the perfect encapsulation of spring," says Timothy Potts, director of the Getty. "She is young and full of life and the sun is shining and the flowers are blooming. It says it all." Spring is light and bright — a young woman in profile, flowing cuffs on her flowered white dress, caramel colored gloves. Manet's brush flirts across the canvas, darting and dancing with color. "It's painted at the very end of his life," Beeny explains, "in this sort of final reaching out to grab youth and beauty and all of the things that make life wonderful in the moment when he is in failing health. It's often difficult for him to paint, and so in the last years of his life he paints mostly beautiful girls and flowers." It's a pretty picture — unusual for the artist. He'd been darker — saluting Diego Velazquez and Francisco Goya. Here, his only black is the ribbon tying his model's hat. Getty curator Scott Allan says Manet's use of the color was distinctive. "The Impressionists famously sort of jettisoned black," Allan says. "Their shadows would be blue and purple. If you look at ... Renoirs there's no blacks to be seen. So it's one of Manet's signature elements." Camille Pissarro once said Manet knew how to paint light with black. This late canvas shows off that knowledge — and it's priced accordingly. Spring recently brought in the highest amount for a Manet bought at auction. "It's a lot of money, I'm not denying that," says Potts. "It would be absolutely crazy if the price paid for this — the last great Manet in private hands — hadn't been a record, since nothing comparable has been on the market for nearly 100 years. This was the only chance. It was a hugely famous painting at its time and ever since, so there was never going to be a greater Manet than this on the market." LINDA WERTHEIMER, HOST:  A major star who has absolutely nothing to do with movies is having his day in Los Angeles right now. It's the 19th century French painter Edouard Manet. Not exactly an Impressionist painter, he was a free and easy painter of figures, revolutionary enough

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Stories: 1) Alice Sebold's Dark Tale Moves To The Silver Screen 2) 'Hitler's Favorite Tenor' Hits A High Note 3) Remembering Thomas Hoving's Decade At The Met 4) Jackson's 'Bones': The Furthest Thing From Lovely


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

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Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra,

The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Yoel Levi (yoh-EL LEV-vee), performs the finale from the Karelia Suite, Op. 11, by Jean Sibelius. (Telarc CD-80320)

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A look at the news of the week--Sir Georg Solti's legacy, and the Chicago Lyric Opera settles the strike


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Question: Violinist Gil Shaham (Shah-Hahm)

Violinist Gil Shaham (shah-HAHM) joins conductor Jesus Lopez-Cobos (HAY-soos LOH-pez KOH-bohs) and the Lausanne (loh-ZAHN) Chamber Orchestra for a concert performance of the Violin Concerto No. 5 by Mozart, known as Mozart's "Turkish" Concerto. Recorded at the Beaulieu Theatre in Lausanne, Switzerland, earlier this season. (Swiss Radio/European Broadcasting Union)

Violist and PT critic Toby Appel (AP-pull) reviews a new CD, "Hommage a Piazzola" (oh-mahzh ah pee-aht-SOH-lah), which features violinist Gidon Kremer (GEE-dohn KRAY-mehr).


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Question: Saudi Arabia Says It Is Ending Airstrikes In Yemen

Saudi Arabia announced a major down-scaling of its airstrikes against Houthi rebels in Yemen Tuesday, which occurred for nearly four weeks.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Strong Quake Hits Near Iran-Iraq Border, Killing More Than 200.  -- Human Rights Barely Registers In Meeting Between Trump, Philippines' Duterte. -- Is A Corporate Tax Cut What The Economy Really Needs Right Now? --  Mueller Russia Probe Moves Into The White House And GOP's Math Problem On Taxes. And here are more early headlines: Democrats Draw Attention At U.N. Climate Conference. (Politico) Report: Syria Allegedly Starving Civilians To Force Surrender. (Amnesty International) Saudi Coalition To Ease, But Not Lift, Yemen Blockade. (VOA) North Korean Soldier Shot While Defecting To South Korea. (Yonhap) Eight Afghan Police Reportedly Killed In Western Province. (AP)  French Review Security, 2 Years After Paris Attacks. (Reuters) Menendez Jury Resumes Work With New Member. (NJ.com)


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Question: Mexico City Artists Work To Preserve Its Rich Soundscape

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Many cities have distinct sounds, and Mexico City is no exception. Some artists and institutions in the city are working to preserve its rich soundscape. They are building projects and public spaces especially designed to listen, learn and enjoy. KJZZ’s Rodrigo Cervantes (@RODCERVANTES) reports. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Stories: 1) 'Inside' A Backup Singer's Journey To Center Stage 2) The Lyrics And Legacy Of Stephen Foster 3) A Rich Satire About Street Art, Or Is It A Hoax?


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Question: Iraq Struggles to Resume Oil Exports

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Looting and sabotage since the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime have left Iraq's oil fields in disrepair, hampering U.S. efforts to resume oil exports quickly to fund reconstruction efforts. U.S. officials expect that Iraq will begin exporting 700,000 barrels a day in August, far less than its pre-war capacity. Hear NPR's Ivan Watson.

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Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: "Decline to State" Voters

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One in five California voters refuses to choose a political party, registering as "decline to state." What are these independent-minded voters thinking? And how are politicians responding to them?


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Question: Fresh Air Weekend: Novelist Amy Tan; 'Death In The Air'; Director Noah Baumbach

Fresh Air Weekend highlights some of the best interviews and reviews from past weeks, and new program elements specially paced for weekends. Our weekend show emphasizes interviews with writers, filmmakers, actors and musicians, and often includes excerpts from live in-studio concerts. This week: 'I Am Full Of Contradictions': Novelist Amy Tan On Fate And Family: In Where the Past Begins, Tan connects her experience with spirituality to that of her parents and grandmother. "I don't consider myself any religion," she says. " ... I have an amalgam of beliefs." 'Death In The Air' Revisits 5 Days When London Was Choked By Poisonous Smog: Kate Winkler Dawson's new book chronicles The Great Smog of 1952, when moist air from the Gulf Stream stalled for days over London, mixing with poisonous gases and causing more than 12,000 deaths. Noah Baumbach Explores Love, Resentment And Anger In 'The Meyerowitz Stories': Baumbach's new film mixes comedy with deep emotional pain. It revolves around three adult siblings whose father is a self-absorbed sculptor. Baumbach's previous films include The Squid and the Whale. You can listen to the original interviews here: 'I Am Full Of Contradictions': Novelist Amy Tan On Fate And Family 'Death In The Air' Revisits 5 Days When London Was Choked By Poisonous Smog Noah Baumbach Explores Love, Resentment And Anger In 'The Meyerowitz Stories'

Stories: 1) Fresh Air Remembers War Reporter Anthony Shadid 2) Michelle Williams: The Fresh Air Interview 3) A Veteran's 'Return' To The Front Lines Of Home


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Question: Car Talk 0908 February 21, 2009

Daniel Pinkwater's search for a car with "relaxed fit" comes to a happy end. Also, is some out-dated fatherly advice just an attempt to keep his daughter off the road? Plus, why one woman may be desperately seeking the most unethical mechanic in Pittsburgh, and, what life-saving words were uttered from the inky shadows of the dimly lit Quonset Hut?

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 872 2) Latino USA Episode 873 3) Latino USA Episode 874


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Question: 1A Movie Club Sees 'Battle Of The Sexes'

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It was a sporting event that brought gender inequality ... to the tennis court. Billie Jean King versus Bobby Riggs — a 1973 tennis match that was nothing short of a spectacle. You could say the same about the new movie. Today we review "Battle of the Sexes" with John Horn, host of "The Frame" on KPCC public radio, Rosie Casals, Billie Jean King's doubles partner and winner of multiple Grand Slam titles, Rachel Simon, movies editor at Bustle and Steve Fink, lead columnist at TennisChannel.com You'll find all our movie reviews online at the1a.org Search "1A Movie Club."

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Stories: 1) Colin Firth: By Anyone's Measure, A Leading Man 2) 'Transference' Adds Layers To Spoon's Sound 3) Watching 'Lost' Later Spoils Some Of The Fun


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Question: Contact Tracing Is Key To Reopening. We're Not There Yet

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The U.S. may need 100,000 people trained in the public health practice of contact tracing — tracking and isolating people who've been in contact with someone who tests positive for the coronavirus. NPR health policy reporter Selena Simmons-Duffin explains how it works, and why it's a key part of the fight against the pandemic. Email the show at shortwave@npr.org.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Trump to Detail Tougher Line On Iran's Nuclear Program. -- 31 Killed In Deadliest Week For Wildfires In California's History. -- Trump Administration To End Obamacare Subsidies For The Poor. -- Poll: Majorities Of Both Parties Favor Increased Gun Restrictions.  -- 'The Taliban Can't Win', Says Commander Of U.S. Forces In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: Speaker Ryan Heads To Puerto Rico, Says Island Needs Aid. (The Hill) Next Year's Social Security Increase To Be Announced Today. (AP) Small Quake In North Korea Suggests Instability At Nuke Test Site.  (Reuters) Regulator Warns Slides On Some Airbus Jets May Be Faulty. (Bloomberg) Man In Police Car Chase Had That On "Bucket List". (KCCI)


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Question: Leahy: Kennedy Was A Senator's Senator

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Senator Edward Kennedy served in the U.S. Senate for 46 years — the third-longest serving member in the Senate's history. He was known for his bipartisanship — reaching across the aisle to work with Republicans on many issues. Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) tells Renee Montagne that Kennedy was a senator's senator.

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Stories: 1) Arizona Gun Laws Among Most Lenient In U.S. 2) After Death, Protecting Your 'Digital Afterlife' 3) William Trevor: A Short-Story Master's Life Work


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Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Director Agnès Varda, A Giant Of French Cinema, Dies At 90

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French film director Agnès Varda, who was a pioneer during the new-wave revolution of the 1950s and '60s and who kept making important films for the next five decades, has died at age 90. A representative of Varda's family confirmed the news of her death to NPR Friday. In a statement, her film company says the filmmaker and artist "died from a cancer at her home in the night of March 29, 2019, surrounded by her family and friends." As a director, Varda had a photographer's eye for capturing striking images — a skill she often used to accomplish the feat of allowing her stories to seem as if they told themselves. But behind the camera, a master was at work. Varda released her first film, La Pointe Courte, in 1955, on a shoestring budget and with no formal training. She even claimed not to have seen very many films before writing and directing what is now seen as a classic of cinema. Varda may have lacked experience, but as she started out in her 20s, she believed that while other arts had progressed to new heights, films were still telling stories the way they always had.  "Literature had changed, painting had changed, culture. And from what I knew, the movie had been just illustrating stories, illustrating books," Varda said in 2015. "I could see that the feeling was just to illustrate, when I thought, 'It should be radical.' " By making La Pointe Courte, historian Georges Sadoul said, Varda created "truly the first film of the nouvelle vague." La Pointe Courte tells the story of a Parisian couple visiting the husband's modest hometown, a small fishing village. As the relatively simple story unfolds, viewers can feel a guiding intelligence through Varda's meticulous staging and framing of shots. Shot in black and white, two main narratives emerge, much as in William Faulkner's The Wild Palms, Varda's inspiration for the film. "Varda's authorial control over both scriptwriting and directing, the exclusive use of location shooting, the mixing of professional and nonprofessional actors — all of this was groundbreaking in early 1950s France," Ginette Vincendeau wrote for Criterion in 2008. To form her unorthodox approach, Varda instructed her actors to mute their emotions; she spurned artificial lighting; she also allowed off-camera sounds to buzz in and out of dialogue — stylistic touches that became mainstays for the new wave, a movement that includes esteemed directors such as Jean-Luc Godard, François Truffaut and Alain Resnais.  "Varda is sometimes referred to as the godmother of the French New Wave," Roger Ebert wrote about Varda in 2012. "I have been guilty of that myself. Nothing could be more unfair. Varda is its very soul, and only the fact that she is a woman, I fear, prevented her from being routinely included with Godard, Truffaut, Resnais, Chabrol, Rivette, Rohmer and for that matter her husband Jacques Demy." Over the years, appreciation for Varda's work has only grown. In 2017, she was awarded an honorary Oscar for lifetime achievement. That followed her Palme d'honneur, a lifetime award from the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.   As she explored her art, Varda kept a steady eye on important social themes, particularly the role of women. And she frequently turned her lens onto revolutionary ideas, filming in Cuba in 1963 (for 1971's Salut les Cubains) and making a short documentary about the Black Panthers in 1968. "All life is about borders. Language borders, ethnic borders, etc.," Varda said in 2015. "And in the cinema, I tried to erase borders, or make them smooth: between documentary and fiction; black and white and color; cinema and art." Varda's well-respected films range over decades, from 1962's Cléo from 5 to 7 and 1965's Le Bonheur to 1985's Vagabond — the story of a young woman living alone, constantly on the move. Cléo is seen as an icon of the new wave, telling the story of a young pop star who meditates on beauty, femininity and objectification — all while rushing through Paris and awaiting the results of a biopsy that could tell her whether she will die from cancer. In 2017, Varda co-directed Faces Places — a project that paired her with the installation artist JR, as the unlikely pair (with a 55-year age difference) traveled to small towns and villages in France and treated the locals like larger-than-life personalities. "We chose normal people that we met, I would say, people with no power," Varda told NPR. "That was the point. The thing was, can we be person-to-person, and can we put the meeting as the main action? Meeting, listening, enjoying to meet."  Varda turned the camera on herself for several projects, including the autobiographical The Beaches of Agnès of 2008 and Varda by Agnès, which came out this year.  Born Arlette Varda in Brussels in 1928, Varda changed her name as she embarked on her career in art. While she is often associated with the Parisian arts scene, she also spent time in Los Angeles, where she moved in the late 1960s along with her husband, the late director

Stories: 1) William Maxwell, the 'Wisest, Kindest' Writer 2) Patricia Brooks: A Singular Singer Remembered 3) '4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days' of Struggle


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Question: Holiday Shopping and the Elusive Xbox

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The new Xbox 360 is selling so quickly, shelves are emptying as soon as they fill up.  What other toys are big sellers this holiday season?   Guest:  David Riley, senior marketing manager for the market research firm NPD

Minimum Wage, Good News / Bad News, Real Bears vs. Real Colts, Space Diaries, Last Chance for Oysters, Life of a Dealer


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Question: Hepatitis B and Asian Americans (Part 1 of 2)

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It's Hepatitis B, a virus that left untreated can cause deadly liver cancer, disproportionately affects Asian Americans in California. Now Hepatitis B has been virtually eliminated in children in America through vaccination. But one in ten Asian Americans isinfected by it. Why are so many Asian Americans dying from a disease that can be prevented?

Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Question: Campaign Finance Reform

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As the senate debates the McCain-Feingold campaign reform bill, NPR's Peter Overby reports on one of the commissioners of the Federal Election Commission, which regulates campaign funding.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Stories off the sidewalk

For several years, StoryCorps booths have allowed ordinary people relate their own stories to be preserved in a huge and growing collection in the Library of Congress.

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Old rockers come back for more wild times on the grapevine.


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Question: NPR News Agenda from the Friday Editors' Meeting

Welcome to day two of the PZE (post-Zarqawi era)... Today's top news story is: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. New details about the raid in which he was killed are emerging (for some interesting speculation on this go here), and there are still pundits with views on what effect his death will have on the conflict in Iraq and the future of al-Qaida. After Zarqawi, the top stories of the day begin to thin out a bit. Since the executive producer of All Things Considered is running around the building with an England soccer jersey, it's quite possible World Cup news may lead one of the hours of the show. There's also a piece coming up about bars that are opening at 8:30 A.M. in order to show the matches that begin in the afternoon in Germany (6 hour time difference from Eastern Daylight). Which reminds me of a slogan I've seen around: "Beer, It's Not Just for Breakfast Anymore." Perhaps not as catchy as "the Other White Meat," but not bad. A couple of new movies out today... we'll be hearing about them later. And travel tips for those contemplating a summer holiday in Europe. I hear Portugal is the best bargain at the moment.

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Sex Offender Measures. Constitutional or Not?, Field Notes: Glossopedia, Grand Ole Opry Turns 80, Focus on Technology, Hollywood in Cincinnati


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Question: The Mining Act Of 1872 Digs Up A Lot Of Issues

President Trump has opened land to mining in California and Utah. But what does that mean? Planet Money explores the rules for mining on public land, which have been around since the 1870s.

Lethal Injection On Trial. Greenhouse Gas Bill To Be Signed as Legal Fights Continue. End Music.


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Question: Presidential Campaign Debt Can Linger For Decades

Everyone knows after the vacation come the bills, and that's as true for political candidates as for anyone. I got an email a few weeks ago. "Dear Kit," it began. "I'm writing to you about a special woman in my life, and in yours: my wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton." In 2008, Hillary Clinton was running for president, and I was on her mailing list as a journalist, not as a donor. But now Bill Clinton was inviting me to buy a lottery ticket to win a day with him in New York, and the cost of my ticket would help pay off his wife's campaign debt. That's debt from the last election, three years ago. "It's not surprising," says Anthony Corrado, a campaign finance expert at Colby College in Maine. "It's often the case that candidates, particularly losing candidates, will end a campaign with outstanding debt." That outstanding debt for Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign recently totaled $329,010 for "consulting, polling and mail" expenses. And according to Corrado, that's not much of a balance or even a very long time to carry campaign debt. Back in 1984, Sen. John Glenn ran for president, but he didn't finish paying off his presidential campaign debt until 2007. Glenn spent 23 years trying to do the right thing, but the rules often worked against him. When Glenn ran, individual donors could only give $1,000 to a candidate. By the end, he owed $3 million. That's a lot of small donors to hunt down for a campaign that folded the year Apple introduced the Mac. "One of the things about American politics," Corrado adds, "is that losers are quickly forgotten; it's very hard to find donors who are willing to give to pay off past debt." What's more, campaign debt owed to banks, credit cards or companies can't be forgiven because that would be considered an illegal contribution. So whether you're a small company or a big bank, you're helping to pay for elections by carrying some of the expenses. Many creditors and vendors realize they'll probably never get their money back. Those debts will stay on the books at the Federal Election Commission like ghosts from elections past, haunting former candidates for years to come. Kitty Eisele is an editor for Morning Edition. STEVE INSKEEP, Host:  And we have a word about politicians who may not be campaigning but are still busy fundraising. One reached out to NPR's Kitty Eisele. KITTY EISELE: I got an email a few weeks ago. Dear Kit, it said, I'm writing to you about a special woman in my life, and in yours - my wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton. HILLARY CLINTON: We're going on, we're going strong, and we're going all the way. (SOUNDBITE OF CHEERING) EISELE: That's Hillary Clinton back in 2008, when she was running for president. I was on her mailing list then - as a journalist, not as a donor. But now Bill Clinton was inviting me to buy a lottery ticket to win a day with him in New York, and the cost of my ticket would help pay off his wife's campaign debt. That's right, debt from the last election, three years ago. ANTHONY CORRADO: It's not surprising. EISELE: That's Anthony Corrado, a campaign finance expert at Colby College. CORRADO: It's often the case that candidates, particularly losing candidates, will end a campaign with outstanding debt. EISELE: Remember this? (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) BOB EDWARDS: Democratic Senator John Glenn has reorganized his campaign in what seems to be a last ditch attempt to save his presidential candidacy. EISELE: Anthony Corrado... CORRADO: One of things about American politics is that losers are quickly forgotten and it's very hard to find donors who are willing to give to pay off past debts. EISELE: Although many creditors and vendors have realized they'll probably never get their money back, those debts will stay on the books at the Federal Election Commission, like ghosts from elections past, haunting former candidates for years to come. INSKEEP: Kitty Eisele is an editor right here on MORNING EDITION.

Stories: 1) Is Wall Street At Fault For Mortgage Meltdown? 2) Economy's Woes Mean Housing Crisis For Pets, Too


Question: represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth E.g. ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', '4 Years... 700,000 More Voters'] == ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', '(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)\nSecretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]'] != ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.']

Question: California State University vs. Its Faculty

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This morning's first hour explores issues driving the contract impasse between the California State University system and its faculty.

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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------

E.g. '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details.', "Mexico To Begin 'Healthy Distancing' Amid Criticism It Has Done Too Little Too Late"]' == '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Mexico\'s health officials say it\'s time to keep your distance. Beginning Monday, people will be urged to maintain safe distances from one another and, if possible, work from home. Public schools, which were open through Friday, will remain closed until at least April 20.  As of Saturday night, Mexico\'s Secretary of Health reported 251 confirmed cases and two deaths from the coronavirus disease COVID-19. Some state and cities have already imposed stricter measures. On Sunday, Mexico City\'s mayor announced that bars, theaters and museums would be closed, also beginning Monday. Local officials, political opponents and newspaper columnists have criticized President Andrés Manuel López Obrador for not taking tougher measures to stop the spread of the coronavirus. Multiple Central American countries have closed their borders and stopped air traffic from overseas. But Mexico is still allowing flights from the United States and Europe. On Friday, the U.S. and Mexico agreed to allow only "essential traffic" across their shared land border. Cross-border commerce will continue and workers will be able to get to their jobs.   The government released a cartoon character Saturday named "Susana Distancia." The costumed superhero stretches out her arms to show the distance one should keep from others.  But until now, "social distancing" guidelines have been merely suggestions and President López Obrador has continued to hug, shake hands and take selfies with supporters at government events. At a press conference last week, he seemed to make light of the coronavirus threat, digging religious amulets out of his pocket that he called "protective shields." But in a nod to the growing criticism of his relaxed approach, the events López Obrador held this weekend in the southern state of Oaxaca were smaller.  His tone, however, was criticized for failing to convey urgency. "We have to continue working in spite of the threat of coronavirus," he said as he oversaw progress of construction of a new highway in Oaxaca on Saturday. "I believe we would be wrong to panic, if we just stopped and we did nothing," he said. Sunday, López Obrador barely mentioned the health crisis as he spoke at another highway construction project. As he has in the past, the president emphasized the heavy burden mass closures would place on Mexico\'s poor. But he assured the crowd Mexico could weather the crisis, pointing to its $10 billion cash reserve.  Although the Mexican peso has fallen sharply in recent days, now trading at 24 to the U.S. dollar, López Obrador urged his country\'s central bank not to use its reserves to shore up the currency.   López Obrador struck an optimistic note: "If we continue working with honesty, austerity and efficiency, we will be able to confront the crisis and move ahead," he said.']' != '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Good morning, here are the stories we're following today: Anti-U.S. Protests Spread; Attack Against U.S. Embassy In Yemen. (AP) Hints Of Progress In Chicago Teachers' Strike. (AP) Federal Reserve Ends Policy Meeting; Investors Wait For News On Possible Stimulus Action. (Wall Street Journal) Dutch Voters Back Pro-European Prime Minister; Centrist Leader To Form New Government. (Reuters) New U.N. Peace Envoy Arrives In Damascus, Syria. (Voice Of America) Cambodian Special Court Deems Khmer Rouge 'First Lady' Too Sick To Face Genocide Trial. (CNN) New York City Officials To Vote On Plan Reducing Super-Sized Sodas. (NBC New York) New Apple Smartphone Could Become Fastest Selling Tech Device Ever. (Businessweek) Atlantic Tropical Storm Nadine Close To Hurricane Strength, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center) New Species Of Monkey Discovered In Democratic Republic Of Congo. (Telegraph)"]'

Question: Open Thread 3/19-3/20

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Here it is, your place to talk about whatever you like. Maybe you want to talk about the NFL lockout or Garrison Keillor's retirement, or maybe you want to talk about your pre-school. Up to you. Go nuts.

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 872 2) Latino USA Episode 873 3) Latino USA Episode 874


Question: Professional Holiday Decorators

Stressed-out hosts across California are hiring some extra help this year. Professional decorating services are not just for the rich and famous anymore — they're also for hardworking folks with little time for the holiday trimmings. (Audio not yet available from this broadcast.)

School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: Week in Review with Daniel Schorr

NPR's Scott Simon reviews the week's news with NPR Senior News Analyst Daniel Schorr.

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Stories: 1) Colin Meloy of The Decemberists 2) Remembering Father Robert Drinan 3) The Metropolitan Opera in a Theater Near You


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

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Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: Ca Governor? No Thanks

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-- NPR's Richard Gonzales reports that Califonia Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein has declined to run for governor, despite President Clinton's encouragement. She says that California campaigns have become too negative...and she may be holding out for her party's Vice Presidential nomination.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...House Keeper Wanted; Bidin' His Time; Stacked Up On The Runway.


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Question: High Court Reviews Insanity-Defense Case

The Supreme Court reviews Clark v. Arizona, a new test of the insanity defense. The parents of an Arizona man who killed a police officer want their son declared guilty but insane. The state does not want his mental state considered in court.

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Question: U.S. Women Survive World Cup's 'Group Of Death'

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The U.S. Women's soccer team made it to the knockout round of the Women's World Cup. Mike Pesca of The Gist podcast tells NPR's Rachel Martin what to watch for in Monday's game against Colombia.

It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news ... this week, a spoiler spoils again, what's sexy about energy efficiency, and the person of the year.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Responding to Your Letters

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Farai Chideya and producer Christopher Johnson read from listeners' letters. This week, they go over e-mails about an erotic mystery novel, the need for black male teachers and a note of thanks.

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In the aftermath of catastrophic events such as a mass shooting or natural disaster, politicians often offer up their thoughts and prayers to victims. Critics then hit back, condemning the phrase as meaningless — with no real value or impact. Now a new study from economists finds that prayers might have an actual dollar value, and they may also have real consequences for charitable giving in the wake of catastrophe, but not in the way you might think. Source: Thunström, Linda and Shiri Noy, "The Value of Thoughts and Prayers", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019 Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter.  Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.


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Question: Letters from Listeners

Tavis Smiley reads a selection of letters from listeners.

Wedding Announcements from Kasper Hauser's upcoming book Weddings of the Times.


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The query could be '['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth\n------\nE.g.\n"Conflict In Libya: Sunday\'s Developments" == "It\'s about 2 p.m. ET here in Washington, D.C. — or 8 p.m. in Tripoli — and we\'re going to wrap up The Two-Way\'s rolling coverage of events in Libya for the day. Mark Memmott will be back with you early on Monday with the latest developments. Until then, you can continue to follow the story through the night on NPR.org. As of this moment, the story in Libya is that a second day of operations over the country have begun. Reuters reports an un-named U.S. military official as expecting "more strikes" against Libya. The BBC reports French jets already over the country have encountered no resistance today. Qatar is expected to join operations against Libya with four jets of its own, the first Arab country to participate. Both the Arab League and Russia criticized the attacks on Libya as going beyond the "no-fly" mandate issued by the U.N. Meanwhile, Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi and his son Saif have made defiant statements in the media. Bloomberg quotes the senior Gadhafi calling the forces allied against him "the party of Satan" while promising that his forces "will fight for every inch of our land and liberate every inch of it." Rebels and Libyan government forces continue to battle on the ground in Misrata and Benghazi, the heart of the rebellion. Update at 1:47 p.m. ET: Amr Moussa, the head of the Arab League, told reporters today that the first night of operations over Libya by the U.S. and its allies went beyond the "no fly" measures that his organization had backed. The AP notes, however, that the United Nations resolution authorized "all necessary measures" to protect civilians. Update at 1:34 p.m. ET: French jets have begun a second day of operations over Libya, according to the BBC. The report says that the jets have encountered no resistance and have not fired on Libyan forces. The BBC story also notes that Qatari jets will soon join the operations over Libya. Update at 12:10 p.m. ET: Saif Gadhafi, the son of Libya\'s leader, tells Christiane Amanpour of ABC News that he was surprised by the American, French and British attacks. Gadhafi described the rebel forces holding Benghazi as "gangsters" and "terrorists" holding the people of Libya against their will:  "Our people went to Benghazi to liberate Benghazi from the gangsters and the armed militia," Gadhafi said. "If the Americans want to help the Libyan people in Benghazi ... go to Benghazi and liberate Benghazi from the militia and the terrorists."  Update at 11:56 a.m. ET: Agence France-Presse (AFP) is reporting that two of its journalists are missing in Libya. Dave Clark and Roberto Schmidt have been missing since Saturday morning when they were working in the east of the country near Tobruk. Photographer Joe Raedle of Getty Images was part of their group, too. Update at 11:35 a.m. ET: Qatar joins host of countries offering military support for the action against Libya. The AP highlighted some of the contributions on offer:  U.S. — Missiles, aircraft, ships including B-2 stealth bombers France — Aircraft and ships, including eight Rafale and four Mirage jets Canada — Six F-18 aircraft sent to Italy Denmark — Six F-18 aircraft deployed to Italy Italy — Aircraft, ships and the offer of seven military bases for operations Spain — Deployed four F-18 aircraft to Italy and opened two military bases to NATO operations Britain — Ships and aircraft, including Typhoon and Tornado jets, and an airbase in Cyprus Belgium — Moved eight F-16 aircraft to a Greek airbase  Update at 10:30 a.m. ET: Qatar says that it will commit military forces to the international campaign against the forces of Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi. Bloomberg reports:  "Middle Eastern leaders backed an offensive by international forces seeking to protect Libyan civilians as President Muammar Qaddafi said his country would become hell for the \'monsters\' attacking it." "Qatar\'s Prime Minister Sheikh Hamad Bin Jasim Al Thani said the emirate will join the U.S., U.K., Canada, France and Italy against Libya, making it the first Arab country to commit military forces. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called Arab participation in talks in Paris yesterday \'extraordinarily important\' and said more can be expected from Middle East states."  After The Jump: Gadhafi Vows A \'Long War\' Update at 9:52 a.m. ET: Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Alexander Lukashevich has called on the U.S. and its allies to limit their strikes on Libya. He said in statement reported by Reuters that "... we call on countries involved to stop the non-selective use of force." Lukashevich said civilians had been killed in attacks by the U.S., France and Britain and that civilian infrastructure had also been hit. Reuters goes on to note that the U.S. and its allies say they have only targeted military assets. Update at 9:15 a.m. ET: Reuters quotes Admiral Mike Mullen, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff as telling NBC\'s Meet The Press that:  "He (Gadhafi) hasn\'t had aircraft or helicopters flying the last couple days." != "Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What\'s The Word? How English Evolved This Decade"', 'Corporate Responsibility']' and should be close to '['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', "Margot Adler talks with Mercedes Cardona, financial editor for Ad Age. She talks about why the majority of U.S. consumers don't want ads on the Sept. 11 anniversary, and the companies who have decided to advertise anyhow."]' but very far from '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Stories: 1) Overloaded Sewers Lead To 'Toxic Waters' 2) A Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Revisited"]'

Question: For Much Of Black America, Election 2016 Has Been Rough

Kalena Boller remembers exactly where she was during Barack Obama's first presidential inauguration: at work. "I was the only Black person in the entire pre-production room." Boller is an Atlanta-based TV producer and on Jan. 20, 2009, she says her white coworkers treated her extremely well when they all gathered to watch Obama take the oath of office. "When I walked in, it was almost like they rolled out the red carpet for Kalena," she said. "They said, 'come sit.' They let me sit in the front. I have an Afro! So I was blocking people's view. And I started crying, and a tissue box rolled up. I felt like royalty! It was weird, but you know what? I said, 'Let me have this.'" From then to now, it's been emotional-political whiplash. When asked to compare her joy that day to her experience watching the 2016 presidential campaign unfold, Boller said, solemnly, "I often times just want to go home, get under my bed, and just stay there. But I can't." Boller's experience this year is hardly unique. In a series of interviews with black voters in Atlanta late last month, people told NPR that 2016 has been equal parts nostalgia, disgust, and ambivalence. Many say they are faced with a candidate — Donald Trump — they see as racist, and another — Hillary Clinton — many just can't get excited about. On top of that, the last several years have been full of the same storyline, repeated over and over but with new names: unarmed black people being killed by police. Criminal attorney Gerald Griggs called Election 2016 "the circus." Michelle Gipson, an Atlanta-based publisher, called it "mayhem — what I imagine politics to have been like in the 60's." Stacey Abrams, house minority leader for the Georgia General Assembly, said the country's reaction to this campaign reminds her of Stockholm syndrome, with Americans allowing "ourselves to be convinced this election makes sense." The poll numbers rarely tell a story this complex. Consistently, Hillary Clinton has drawn overwhelming support in the black community while Donald Trump has found next to none. (One poll registered Trump at 0% with black voters.) But several voters told NPR they are less than excited about this election and are worried about the state of American politics. Boller and others told NPR they expect black voter turnout to be down from historic highs in 2008 and 2012. The Associated Press reported that in 2008 black voter turnout exceeded white turnout for the first time, and in 2012 African Americans again turned out more than whites. In 2008, young black voters had a higher turnout than other young people, and black women voted in higher proportion than any other demographic group. Should Hillary Clinton be able to recreate the winning coalition Barack Obama relied on previously — buoyed largely by strong support from black voters — there is a chance many of those voters will cast their ballots with much less excitement and fervor than four or eight years ago. And that's in part because 2016, for several reasons, has just been more depressing. When asked, several voters told NPR what's particularly difficult about 2016 is how much all of the negatives — particularly the tenor of the discourse — seem to be tied to race. "I think it all comes down to race," said Michelle Gipson. "It used to be economics, it used to be the disparity between the haves and the have-nots. Now I think much of the values [at the forefront of the 2016 campaign] centers around race." Others put it more bluntly. Richard Rose, president of the Atlanta chapter of the NAACP, said this year is just the latest chapter in America's tortured racial history. "America has never repudiated white supremacy," Rose told NPR. "America has normalized white supremacy and racial oppression." Minny Shannon, 73, told NPR that views one might not have expressed a few years ago are now on full display this campaign season. "It's out in the open because we had the nerve to vote a black man in," Shannon said. "And they are doing all of this because they really can not stand — lots of them, lots of white men, especially Southern white men — can not stand the idea that they have a black man in the White House with his black family." This may be 2016 for a large portion black America: a feeling that who they are, and what America's first black president symbolizes, are under attack. This year's presidential campaign seems to have taken an even harder toll on younger black voters. For many, their first experience in presidential politics has been watching one of the nastiest, most contentious elections in modern history. Some of them may still be smarting after the primaries, too. Young black voters chose Bernie Sanders in high numbers during the Democratic primaries, with Sanders winning the black youth vote in several states. Brianna Butler was only 10 years old when Obama was first inaugurated. She's 18 now, and this will be the first presidential election in which she can vote. "The whole election just mak

Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball


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Question: Watch ads, download free songs

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Universal Music Group will offer free song downloads on the new SprialFrog service.  Users have to watch ads.

Download concerts, hear recaps recorded on no sleep and see photos and video from the music festival in Austin, Texas.


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Question: U.S. Attacks Targets in Baghdad, Nasiriyah Toll Rises

NPR's Madeleine Brand speaks with Dean Yates, a Reuters correspondent in Baghdad, about an American bombing offensive in the Iraqi capital. She also speaks with NPR's Ivan Watson about the growing number of casualties resulting from a massive truck bomb at an Italian military police base in the Iraqi city of Nasiriyah.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Search For 10 Missing Launched Off Singapore After U.S. Destroyer, Tanker Collide. -- Driver Plows Into Bus Shelters In Southern France, Killing 1  Person. -- Confederate Statues Are Coming Down At The University Of Texas. And here are more early headlines: Trump To Discuss U.S. Military Plan For Afghanistan Tonight. (AP) Barcelona Attack Death Toll Increased To 15 People. (NBC) Diplomatic Rift Stalls Qatari Pilgrims' Hajj To Saudi Arabia. (Reuters) U.S., South Korea Begin Annual Military Exercises. (New York Times) Sierra Leone Landslide Death Toll Nears 500 People. (AP) 5 U.S. Troops Remain Missing Off Hawaii. (Honolulu Star-Advertiser) Kenneth Becomes Major Hurricane In Pacific, No Land Threat Seen. (NHC) British Big Ben's Bongs Are Stilled For Repairs. (Telegraph)


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Question: New Orleans' Signature Sound Struggles to Recover

Dr. Michael White, a musician and music historian, and Mark Samuels, president of New Orleans' Basin Street Records, talk to Tony Cox bout the state of the recording business in the Crescent City.  Basin Street recently released its first album since Hurricane Katrina.

Stories: 1) From Cannes, a Cinematic After-Action Report 2) In Iraq, Activist Struggles as Women's Rights Shrink


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: All Hail Windhand, All Hail The Sinister 'Three Sisters'

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You can hear the hum of the speaker, buzzing from a quiet bass line. You move closer to the riff; it beckons with mysterious portent like a smoking cauldron... and then the pot spills, the riff wobbling in distorted frequencies, a heavy hand on the organ and a voice singing a spooky fairytale. It's too late, you've met the "Three Sisters." Windhand's psychedelic doom-metal has only become more beguiling since its 2010 demo, each record turning a deeper shade of crimson, swaddled in velvet fuzz. Some of the Richmond quartet's best songs have appeared on split releases with like-minded bands Cough and Salem's Pot, and now they're keeping it local for a 12" with Virginia biker-doom-punks Satan's Satyrs. "Three Sisters" is Windhand in Dopesmoker mode, keeping to one spliff-worthy Sleep riff over its 14 minutes without much deviation, exploring the textures of rumbling amp stacks, well-placed snare hits that pop out of the murk and Dorthia Cottrell's irresistibly sinister and sweet croon. Windhand's split LP with Satan's Satyrs comes out Feb. 16 via Relapse Records.

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Smith Westerns - Weekend Burnt Ones - Bury Me In Smoke Demon's Claws - Fed From Her Hand Gang of Four - You'll Never Pay For The Farm Candy Claws - In The Deep Time The Superions - Fruitcake


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Question: Notes From New Orleans

"New Yorker" writer Dan Baum has spent nearly a year and a half in New Orleans since Hurricane Katrina: in the Lower Ninth Ward, blogging an outsider's insights into the idiosyncracies of a city still struggling to survive.

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Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: Phish Update No. 6: The Music

I'm halfway through my week of total Phish immersion, and I've yet to talk about the music. That fact itself is interesting to note. I've found it nearly impossible to separate the cult and culture of Phish from the band Phish. And perhaps I shouldn't. On the other hand, maybe the fact that Phish and its fans are thought of as synonymous is why people rarely do simply focus on the songs. But I digress. At first listen -- and Monday evening literally marked my first listen -- Phish comes across as a jazzy, jam-based band with leanings toward folk, funk, freak and frivolity (oh, and prog, but that throws off the alliteration). For non-Phish aficionados, here are some base references: Zappa, Beefheart, ELO, Flying Burrito Brothers and Soft Machine. But it's just as easy to be surprised by a Phish song and have it sound like none of the aforementioned; to hear hints of classical music, the grandiosity of a Who rock opera, or the melodic prowess of Lennon/McCartney (or maybe Garcia/Lesh). And if that sounds like a heap of complimentary BS, I'll add that what I'm struggling with is that sometimes all of those elements take place in a single song. (I'll also admit that the use of trampolines on stage is a little too wacky for my taste.) If jamming scares you, then Phish's music will be harder to take. But I like the jam, particularly in the live setting. And many of the great live bands playing today incorporate some element of jamming, sometimes to the chagrin of their fans. Stephen Malkmus (whether with Pavement or The Jicks), Yo La Tengo, Arcade Fire and Wilco are but a few of the bands that like to change up their songs on stage. And if you love Television and its wiry, taut albums but never saw the group live, then you wouldn't know that those terse songs were jammed out Dead-style in concert, sometimes stretching well beyond the 10-minute mark. And, call me crazy, but I hear Phish in Minutemen, Man Man and even Sunset Rubdown. Thus far, the most daunting element to this Phish endeavor has been that there is almost too much music. And by that, I mean that no one seems to agree on a single seminal studio album. Additionally, many Phish fans have told me point blank that the live show is the only true way to witness this band, and that in lieu of that experience, only the recordings of their live shows (and then only certain shows) exemplify Phish at its best. Compare that process to introducing friends to The Beatles, Led Zeppelin or The Clash, where you tell them a few albums to check out and you don't look back. I do appreciate the care and thoughtfulness that Phish fans are taking in guiding me through this process. It all seems like further evidence that the band's fans are aware of how greatly misunderstood Phish can be, and that it's easy to get the wrong idea with a single song. Then again, I'd be grateful if there were a single song -- or just a handful -- as opposed to four versions of a song that I should hear. But I'm learning that Phish is about fluidity and caprice, so for right now, I'm just trying to go with the flow. Songs I like so far: "You Enjoy Myself," "Esther," "David Bowie," "Dinner and a Movie," "The Divided Sky."

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Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

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Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, a great American symphony by a composer whose centennial occurs in 1996 ... the Symphony No. 2 by Howard Hanson, a piece known as Hanson's "Romantic" Symphony.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Obama Holds First Post-Election News Conference

President Obama continues to insist that any agreement to avoid the so-called fiscal cliff next year must include higher taxes on the wealthy. But Obama left the door open to structuring that tax increase in various ways. He's hoping to strike a bargain with congressional Republicans that would prevent a broader tax hike on the middle class that could send the country back into recession.

News Headlines: Jan. 28, 2007 Talk About It:New York Times: Races Entering Complex Phase Over Delegates -- "The presidential campaign is entering a new phase as Democratic and Republican candidates move beyond state-by-state competition and into a potentially protracted scramble for delegates Congressional district by Congressional district. The shifting terrain is influencing the strategies of candidates from both parties." What's your reaction to the results of South Carolina's primary? What do you think Florida holds for the GOP? Election 2008:Washington Post: In S.C., Black Vote Was Vital, But Not Whole Story New York Times: Jackson: Not Upset by Clinton Remarks | Toni Morrison Endorses Obama Fox News: Huckabee on Romney's Fried Chicken Moment Washington Post: Kennedy Endorses Obama In Blow to Clinton AP: Indicted Obama Fundraiser Rezko Arrested Philadelphia Inquirer: In Fla., Age Is an Issue for McCain Nation:Politico: Final Bush SOTU Unlikely to Yield Surprises The AJC: 10,000 African-American Baptists Confer in Atlanta Newsday: Immigrant-Rights Group Reaches Out to Blacks Detroit Free Press: Kilpatrick Chief of Staff Quits Post Over Texts Washington Post: Black Historical Figures Get Their Due World:New York Times: Ethnic Violence in Rift Valley Is Tearing Kenya Apart AFP: EU Launches Chad, CAR Peacekeeping Mission Money & Finance:New York Times: 'Washington Post' Starts Online Magazine for Blacks AFP: Blacks See 'Financial Apartheid' in Subprime Crisis AP: New Home Sales Plunged by Record Amount in 2007 People:Black Voices: Ruby Dee Wins First SAG Award AP: Sears' Lewis to Step Down As CEO


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Question: Food Fraud Database Lets Us All Play Detective

By now we know that not every food is what it seems. Beef might be horse meat, and tuna might be much cheaper escolar. Extra virgin olive oil is often nothing of the kind. But if you really want to get paranoid, peek into the USP Food Fraud Database. It's a searchable trove of humankind's ceaseless efforts to swindle, hoodwink and defraud with food, worldwide. That's where I learned that hucksters sometimes use Sudan red dye to amp up paprika, which in its natural state is often a demure reddish brown. Sudan red is a potent carcinogen, banned for use in food worldwide. Eek! Spices, milk and vegetable oils are the most common fraudulent foodstuffs, according to Markus Lipp, senior director of food standards for US Pharmacopeia. "If I go to India, I may find there is completely fake milk on the market," Lipp told The Salt. "Milk that never saw a cow." The nonprofit organization makes its living by establishing industry standards for pharmaceuticals and foods. The food fraud database first launched in 2010, but a big upgrade in January added reports from scholarly journals and the media in 2011 and 2012. The list now includes about 2,000 foods. The goal is to be useful to regulators and purchasers, but since the database is free, we civilians can snoop around in it, too. Price is clearly a driver of deception. Saffron is the world's most expensive spice, and efforts to fake it date back to the ancient Greeks. The USP database lists 109 phony saffron substitutes, including marigold flowers, corn silk, gypsum, chalk and strands of cotton or plastic thread. To a lay person, the cost savings involved in some of these food scams seem hardly worth the effort. Or maybe it's just that the margins in the food industry can be so razor-thin that even a tiny profit margin is enough to encourage fakery. Take clouding agents, for example. They're used to give juices, jams and sports drinks an appealing cloudy appearance. Palm oil, which is cheap and food safe, is frequently used. But the database details problems with palm oil being replaced by phthalates in Taiwan. Those are chemicals used in plastic manufacturing — they're not meant for human consumption — and there's concern that they could interfere with human hormones. That kind of substitution may not be a concern in the United States. But we do have to deal with "maple" syrup that has no relationship to a tree, and watered-down lemon juice. Juices including apple and pomegranate are particularly vulnerable to fraud, Lipp says, and can be faked entirely with water, sugar and citric acid. Food fraud sleuths can report incidents to the database. "Everyone in the supply chain needs to work together and share information and maintain vigilance," Lipp says. "We cannot relinquish the safety of our food to adulterers."

Good Thursday morning, here are our early stories: In Israel And Gaza Strip: More Explosions, Deaths On Both Sides. BP Expected To Plead Guilty, Pay Record Fine In Gulf Oil Spill Criminal Case. And here are more headlines: Gen. Petraeus Agrees To Testify Before Congress On Benghazi Attack. (Los Angeles Times) Home Foreclosures Up In Oct., But Fall From Last Year's Level. (Reuters) Eurozone Countries Plunge Back Into Recession. (BBC) Ill Indian Woman Denied Abortion In Ireland, Dies. (AFP) Colorado Theater Shooting Suspect In Hospital After Ramming Head Into Jail Wall. (Denver Post) States Face Friday Deadline On Whether To Run Health Insurance Exchanges. (McClatchy Newspapers) Ecuador To Kill Millions Of Rats To Preserve Galapagos Islands Rare Species. (AP) World's Biggest Liar Contest Coming In England: Politicians, Lawyers Not Allowed. (AP)