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Question: Imagining A City Without Its Daily Newspaper

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In cities around the country, such as Atlanta and San Francisco, the major newspaper in town is losing money. Financial analysts say they expect some big dailies to fold, perhaps as soon as this year. But what would it mean for a city if its newspaper were to disappear? Take a place like Hartford, Conn. — a poor city in a rich state, home to the state government and three of the largest companies in the country. A few hundred thousand people start each day with the Hartford Courant. "I read most of the whole paper, you know, when I get a chance to — basically keeping up with what's happening in the town itself, you know, like layoffs, because that's a big part of the news today," Robert Brown says over breakfast at Papa's Diner downtown. Job losses are especially big news for Brown, who was just laid off by the city's sanitation department after 11 years. Without the newspaper, "you get street gossip and stuff like that. But that's not good news," Brown says. "I don't really believe in gossip. What I read, you know, is better than word of mouth." A few blocks away, at a cigar bar in the city's financial center, an out-of-work IT professional named Bruce Salisbury is drawing deeply while surfing the Web on his laptop. "Right now, I'm looking for a new position," he says, "and the thought hasn't even occurred to me to pick up the Hartford Courant to look in the jobs section. Everything is online. It's online; it's fast; it's immediate." 'Old-Fashioned Muckraking' People are becoming more like Salisbury every day. That's threatening to papers like the Courant, which is the nation's oldest continuously published newspaper — older even than the Declaration of Independence. So let's let the Courant stand in for all papers facing tough times and take a moment to imagine Connecticut without it.  For one thing, former Gov. John Rowland wouldn't have faced corruption charges a few years back. Richard Blumenthal, the state's longtime attorney general, says the Courant's tenacious coverage compelled authorities to investigate Rowland. He describes the Courant's reporting as "old-fashioned muckraking, finding out that there was corruption. The bad guys go to prison; the system's changed, reformed — you know, the sort of basic American tableau of what a good newspaper does at its best." Hartford's mayor has just been indicted on bribery charges, and the Courant was out ahead on that, too. The paper has exposed polluters and the deployment of mentally ill soldiers to Iraq. But it's not just pursuing hard news.  Julie Stapf, marketing director for the Hartford Stage — a well-regarded regional theater — says the coverage and the advertising in the paper combine to drive ticket sales.  "Even a bad review is important to us, frankly, because it still brings awareness to the community about what we're doing here at the theater," she says. To be clear, there's no reason to believe the Courant will close. But circulation and advertising revenues are down; its corporate owner, the Tribune Co., has filed for bankruptcy protection; and the Courant is a lot thinner than it used to be. Its newsroom staff is roughly half the size it was a decade ago. The Courant's top editor, Clifford Teutsch, didn't respond to requests to talk for this story. But people around town, such as Trinity College President James F. Jones Jr., are following the paper's fate closely. "The New York Times is not going to write about the local basketball teams or the local color stories or, in our case, what is happening on the educational front in Hartford," Jones says. A Sense Of Community In the State House press room, unopened mail was piled high on the desk set aside for The New York Times on a recent day. The Times stopped covering Hartford altogether last year. Some in-state dailies no longer send reporters either. The retreat by other news organizations makes even the diminished Courant more relevant than ever.  "There is not a news organization that doesn't check the paper in the morning to find out what they missed," says Tom Monahan, a reporter for the local NBC station. "And, chances are, you know, smaller outfits — smaller radio stations, smaller newspapers, even us — we're not staffed the way a newspaper is." Some promising blogs have emerged around the state, but on the best-known one covering politics, CTNewsJunkie.com, most postings are written by the same person.  Mark Pazniokas has been a reporter at the Courant for 24 years and offers a warning were his paper to disappear.  "You lose a sense of community," Pazniokas says. "If everybody is looking at dozens or hundreds of different news sources, you don't have the common point of reference that — not to be corny — [is] an important part of democracy and community."  Again, the Hartford Courant is not in any particular danger — no more, that is, than any other paper around the country facing precarious finances and a killer economy. In the second part of this series, David Folkenflik examines t

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Trump Meets 3 Americans Held In North Korea As They Return To U.S. -- Scientists Warn That Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano Could Erupt 'Ballistic Rocks'. -- Dam Collapse Leaves At Least 20 Dead In Kenya. -- In Election Upset, Malaysia's Mahathir Returns To Power After A Quarter Century. -- 'I Look Forward' To Ending My Life, 104-Year-Old Assisted Suicide Advocate Says. And here are more early headlines: White House Holding Summit On Artificial Intelligence. (Los Angeles Times) Ford Suspends F-150 Truck Production After Fire. (Detroit Free Press) Deadly New Storm Strikes Northern India. (Times Of India) 200th Anniversary Of Paul Revere's Death Observed. (Boston Globe) Mexican State Allows Nicknames Such As 'Big Moustache' On Ballot. (AP)


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Question: Japanese Vending Machines Sell Bras

In Japan, you can buy an incredible range of things from vending machines: bags of rice, fishing tackle or fresh flowers. And now you can add bras to that list — in particular the wireless "Fun Fun Week" bra.

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Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Update on Anthrax Cases

Guest:

 David Kessler
 * Dean of the Medical School at Yale University
 * Former Commissioner for the Food and Drug Administration

 Other Guests: TBA

 The Centers for Disease Control have confirmed that a New York hospital worker has inhalation anthrax. New York health officials say she is "fighting for her life." There are now nine confirmed case of respiratory anthrax in America. On the next Talk of the Nation, Neal Conan talks with medical experts about what you should be doing to keep safe. That's on Talk of the Nation from NPR News.

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Criminal Charges in HP Spying Scandal. CDC Study Shows Health Effects of Perchlorate. End Music.


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Question: Filmically Perfect: "DOUBLE INDEMNITY" (1944)

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Phyllis (Stanwyck): There's a speed limit in this state, Mr. Neff. 45 miles an hour.  Walter (MacMurray): How fast was I going, officer?  Phyllis: I'd say around 90.  Walter: Suppose you get down off your motorcycle and give me a ticket.

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Film critic DAVID THOMSON and filmmaker and director JAMES TOBACK. They interview each other for a revival of round table discussion at "Spoken Word at the Algonquin" in New York city's famous Algonquin Hotel, and discuss the state of moviemaking and movie criticism today. THOMSON's latest book is "Beneath Mulholland: Thoughts on Hollywood and its Ghosts" (Knopf). TOBACK directed the movies "Fingers," "Exposed," and "The Pick up Artist." (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:


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Question: Pianist Michael Boriskin

Pianist Michael Boriskin joins host Martin Goldsmith for his monthly "Century View," a look at 100 years of change at the keyboard. This time, Boriskin performs Morton Gould's "Boogie Woogie Etude" (1943) and "Harlequin Waltz" from "Dance Gallery" (1952), and talks about the legacy of the American composer, who died February 21st at the age of 82. (NPR)

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Charlotte Children's Choir and tubist Zachary Graff, 17, perform "Roger Bobo Plays the Tuba" by Brian Holmes.


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Question: Health Care Law's Birth Control Mandate Ruled Unconstitutional

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HealthCare.gov may not be the only challenge facing the Affordable Care Act. The ACA has now lost a key battle in court. The federal appeals court in Washington has ruled that a Catholic-owned company has the right to pursue a lawsuit against the health care law. Frank and Phil Gilardi, two brothers who own produce distribution companies in Ohio, filed a legal challenge against the birth control mandate within the law. The company has long excluded birth control coverage for its employees based on religious grounds. The new health care law requires business with more than 50 employees to offer health coverage, including FDA-approved birth control, at no extra cost. Guest

Jennifer Haberkorn, health care reporter for Politico. She tweets @jenhab.
 ROBIN YOUNG, HOST:  Lawsuits challenging the birth control requirement of the affordable health care act are getting closer to the Supreme Court. Some entities, such as churches, are exempt from the mandate that businesses with more than 50 employers - or employees, rather - offer health insurance that provides FDA-approved birth control at no extra cost. Last week an appeals court ruling cleared the way for Frank and Phil Gilardi, two Catholic brothers from Ohio who own a produce company. They want to move forward with their lawsuit. They claim the mandate violates their religious beliefs. Jennifer Haberkorn is health care reporter at Politico. Jennifer, so this appeals court overturned a lower court ruling. So what does the new appeals court ruling mean going forward? JENNIFER HABERKORN: This means this lawsuit can proceed. The owners were granted an injunction, which would block the law from going into effect for them, and it allows the case to move forward. YOUNG: So they have long excluded birth control in the plan that they offer. They're adamantly against both birth control and abortion. The trucks in the produce company have signs on the trucks saying that, they're very open about that, and so this decision says that they can continue that denial of coverage while they continue with their lawsuit. HABERKORN: That's right. Under the Affordable Care Act, if you don't provide birth control and other forms of preventive care in your employer health insurance plan, you would face fines. YOUNG: And there are other lawsuits that also challenge the contraception coverage requirement and also made the challenge based on religious grounds. One was in July from Conestoga Wood Specialties, this is a cabinetmaker owned by Mennonite Christians. And there was another in June, and this was a suit brought by Hobby Lobby stores. How did the courts decide in those two suits? HABERKORN: The courts decided in different directions. These were federal appeals courts. In the Hobby Lobby case, the store owners were granted an injunction, meaning the policy is blocked for them. They don't have to abide by it, and their case can move forward. In the Conestoga Wood case, their injunction was denied, and because those suits were decided in different directions, the losing party in both cases appealed to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court now has those cases. They're working through the paperwork, and they will decide within the next couple weeks whether to take up one of those lawsuits. YOUNG: So the Supreme Court is going to decide whether to take up either of those two cases, and again very different rulings. So courts ruled that the Mennonite Christians could not deny coverage based on religious grounds but that Hobby Lobby stores could? HABERKORN: That's right. This is essentially the same legal question, but the courts decided in different direction, which suggests that it's an issue ripe for the Supreme Court, the highest court in the land, to decide the case. YOUNG: Well, that also underscores how courts rule differently because here you have a group of - it's a religious organization, Mennonite Christians, although it's their for-profit arm, the wood specialties company, and the other is not a religious organization, it's a story, Hobby Lobby stores. HABERKORN: Exactly, which kind of makes it interesting. You would think on the surface that the Mennonites might have a stronger case, but obviously the courts did not think that was the correct analysis. In the Hobby Lobby case, they argue that even if they themselves, as the store owners, are not using it, they don't want to be party to making contraception and birth control available to anyone who works for them. YOUNG: Well, it becomes very interesting because a Justice Department arguing in a case said that the Religion Freedom Restoration Act did not alter a basic legal principle that corporations are distinct from owners. In other words, they're not people and so that this religious protection doesn't apply to people like the owners of the Hobby Lobby stores or the Gilardi brothers. But this Supreme Court has ruled that corporations are people in the Citizens United case. HABERKORN: That's right, and I think that is go

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- New Lead Shifts Search For Missing Jet 700 Miles North. -- Death Toll From Mudslide 'Will Only Increase.' -- House Intelligence Chair Mike Rogers Won't Seek Re-election. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Meet With Saudi King To Calm Frustrations. (Guardian) Ousted Ukrainian President Calls For Vote In All Ukrainian Regions. (Reuters) Lake Michigan Oil Spill Slightly Larger Than Thought. (Chicago Tribune) Walmart Sues Visa Claiming Excessive Card Fees. (Bloomberg) Florida Suspends Controversial Voting Roll Purge. (Miami Herald) Wisc. Gov. Cuts Weekend Early Voting, Extends Other Voting Hours. (Journal-Sentinel) Philadelphia Ties NBA's Worst Ever Losing Streak. (CBS Sports)


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Question: Underground Tunnels Feed Gaza's Hankering For KFC

Hundreds of underground passageways wind like a maze beneath the Egypt-Gaza border, providing a way for Gazans to maneuver around the 2007 Israeli-led economic blockade that took effect after Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip. And while subterranean tunnels may seem like something out of a thrilling spy movie, the reality and practicality of these channels is somehow not surprising. After all, with the amount of conflict that continually plagues the region, it's no wonder that such extreme measures have been taken to provide safe(r) channels through which to access supplies generally unavailable in this controversial sliver of land. According to Businessweek, these tunnels have often facilitated the flow of weapons and militants into and out of Gaza from the Egyptian North Sinai. However, reports have surfaced recently stating that these tunnels are also being used to — wait for it — smuggle lukewarm KFC into the Gaza Strip. Yum. Yes, it would appear that the regular absence of raw materials, as well as the Israeli restrictions on Gaza crossings have, among other things, made it exceedingly difficult to open an international fast food branch in the region. But now, unfulfilled-crave frustration has finally hit a tipping point, forcing Gazans to resort to not-so-fast food smuggling to get their quick fix. A crucial link in this supply and demand food chain is the Al-Yamama delivery company, which has made eating KFC in Gaza a greasy, miraculous reality. Though according to Mohammed Al-Madani, an accountant at the Al-Yamama company, the new venture was something born out of chance rather than business strategy. "We ordered and arranged to bring some meals for us and they arrive after four hours," he said. They posted a picture of Colonel Sanders' iconic chicken on their company's website, and soon thereafter, the orders started to roll in. The price of a KFC family meal is about 80 Egyptian pounds (or roughly $11) at el-Arish KFC restaurant, but getting it in Gaza costs as much as 100 Israeli Shekels due to transportation and smuggling fees ($30). As it turns out, Gazans have a fever, and the only prescription is more KFC — and they can get it, but it is going to cost 'em.

Good afternoon - here are a few stories we're watching today. Wikileaks' Assange Demands U.S. Cease 'Witch Hunt'. Uniformed Afghan Kills NATO Servicemember; 3 NATO Troops Die In Roadside Bombing. (AP) It's Eid-Al-Fitr - Worldwide Festival Marks End Of Islamic Holy Month Of Ramadan. (VOA) Syrian President Assad Makes Rare Public Appearance, Marks Holiday At Mosque. (Bloomberg News) Brothers Seek To Market Toilet Paper Emblazoned With Advertising. (Journal News) Endurance Athlete Diana Nyad Attempts To Swim Unaided Between Cuba And Florida. (CNN)


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Question: Revolutionary Road Trip

After last year's revolutions, the North African states of Tunisia, Libya and Egypt are rewriting the rules that govern their politics, economies and societies. NPR Morning Edition host Steve Inskeep takes a Revolutionary Road Trip across the region to see how these countries are remaking themselves.

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: As COVID-19 Spreads In Prisons, Lockdowns Spark Fear Of More Solitary Confinement

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Prisons across the country have placed prisoners on lockdown — they're kept in their cells mostly around-the-clock — as a way to stop the spread of the coronavirus. Now prison reformers are worried that the response has increased the use of a practice they've long fought: solitary confinement.  "We're starting to see an alarming trend in light of COVID-19," says Jessica Sandoval of Unlock the Box, a coalition of groups fighting solitary confinement, including the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Religious Campaign Against Torture. That trend is outlined in the coalition's new report, Solitary Confinement Is Never the Answer. Before the coronavirus, according to the report, there were 60,000 people in solitary confinement. Now, in response to the pandemic, 300,000 state and federal prisoners have been confined to their cells. They've been placed in solitary confinement or in lockdown.  Lockdown varies from prison to prison. Sandoval says in most cases, prisoners can't leave their cells for meals, exercise or prison jobs and can't receive visits from family. There might also be limits on mail and phone calls. Sandoval says she worries that because it's hard to know what goes on inside prisons, some of these restrictions will stick. "We believe that this is the start of a trend to continue to institutionalize the practice of solitary confinement," she says.  The United States stands out, among Western and industrialized countries, for its use of extended solitary confinement in prisons.  But in recent years, some states and the federal government have started enacting reforms. In some prisons, children, pregnant women or people with significant mental illness can no longer be held in solitary confinement. In April, to stop the spread of the coronavirus, the Federal Bureau of Prisons started restricting the movement of prisoners. Then in the first week of June, all prisoners were put on a rare nationwide lockdown — this time because of fears of how prisoners might respond to the national protests over police abuse and the killing of George Floyd. That lockdown has been lifted, although restrictions are still in place for COVID-19. The Bureau of Prisons says it hopes that "inmates will be restored to limited movement in the very near future."  The coronavirus can spread quickly in prisons, just like in nursing homes or other places where people live close together.  There's been consensus from advocates, prison officials and U.S. Attorney General William Barr that the best public health response is to "de-densify." It means prison systems release as many prisoners as possible: Those at the end of their sentences, the elderly or people who are not dangerous can go on home detention. The fewer people in a prison, the easier it is to space out the inmates who remain and to prevent prisoners and prison staff from getting sick.  Still, Judith Resnik, a Yale Law School professor who studies solitary confinement, says only small numbers of prisoners have been released. "What did Attorney General Barr do?" asks Resnik, who has worked on court petitions to get people out. "He said on April 3: 'Go to it, Bureau of Prisons, find people who are medically vulnerable and eligible to leave, and leave.' And the saddest part of the last few months, which trial judges across the United States have seen, is how slow and unenergetic the bureau was in finding routes for some people to leave."  Brie Williams, a physician at the University of California, San Francisco who runs a program called AMEND, which works with prisons on solutions to public health problems, says a medical quarantine inside prisons, along with widespread testing, treatment and isolation, makes sense. But she says these need to be temporary measures, not drawn-out lockdowns.  And she points to a history of prisons using solitary confinement to deal with other health issues such as prisoners who are suicidal or those with serious mental illness. She says doing so is wrong. "There is really a long legacy of many prisons — not all — but many prisons turning to solitary confinement, turning to lockdown in the face of other public health problems," she says. "So there's always a concern that once the system is sort of used to one mode of controlling people, that that will continue."

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- North Korea Conducts Fifth Nuclear Test. -- After Cable Cars Got Stuck In The Alps, Dozens Spent Night Suspended In Midair. -- Tray Tables Stowed, Seat Backs Upright - And Galaxy Note 7s Off, Please. And here are more early headlines: Trump Slams U.S. Policy On Russian Backed TV Network. (Wall Street Journal) Deaths Reported In Spanish Train Derailment. (Telegraph) Controversial Pesticide To Be Used In Florida To Fight Zika. (WSVN) North Dakota National Guard Activated Ahead Of Pipeline Ruling. (Reuters) Marine Corps Investigating Hazing, Suicide Of Recruit. (The State) Relief Agencies Warn Nigeria Faces Famine Due To Boko Haram. (AP) Kansas Man Robs Bank To Go To Jail And Avoid Wife. (Washington Post)


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The provided query could be '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Deutsche Telekom In Talks With Sprint Nextel']' and the positive '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Deutsche Telekom owns T-Mobile USA, which is struggling to keep customers.  By combining operations with Sprint Nextel, these smaller players might be more able to compete with the current U.S. industry leaders: Verizon and AT&T.']' and the negative '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Good morning - here are our early stories: -- 2 Million Syrians Are Now Refugees And More Are 'On The Way.' -- For Microsoft, Nokia's Phones Are 'Key To Everything'. And here are more early headlines: Administration Officials Start Pressing Congress On Syria. (CBS) Israel Conducts Missile Test In Mediterranean Sea. (Reuters) Brazil, Mexico Ask Whether U.S. Spied On Their Leaders. (Los Angeles Times) Vodafone Sells Verizon Wireless For $130 Billion. (USA Today) Microsoft Buys Nokia Devices And Patents For $7.2 Billion. (NBC) Former NBA Star Rodman Back In North Korea To See 'Friend' Kim. (The New York Times) London Skyscraper's Reflection Damages Car. (Financial Times)"]'

Question: NTSB Says It Warned Of Train Safety In 2006

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Transit authorities in Washington, D.C., were warned about the safety of their older-model subway cars in 2006 but did not follow through on recommendations to upgrade the cars or phase them out, a National Transportation Safety Board official said Tuesday. At least nine people died in Monday's rush-hour crash of two trains, the deadliest accident in the history of the city's Metrorail system. More than 70 were taken to hospitals. "We made recommendations in 2006 about the crashworthiness of the 1000-series cars," NTSB spokeswoman Debbie Hersman said at a news conference Tuesday. "We recommended to WMATA [Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority] to either retrofit those cars or phase them out of the fleet. They have not been able to do that and our recommendation was not addressed, so it has been closed in an unacceptable status." NTSB investigators and fire department personnel were still sifting through the wreckage of the trains on the area's Red Line more than 15 hours after the crash. Firefighters brought in cranes and dogs as they conducted a meticulous search for victims in the mangled debris. "In layers, we're taking the huge components of steel and metal to dis-encase and to check all the areas where folks may be," said Washington fire Chief Dennis Rubin. He said they hope to finish the process by Tuesday afternoon.  The crash occurred at about 5 p.m. EDT Monday near the border of Maryland and the nation's capital as both trains were headed into downtown Washington.  The first train was stopped on the tracks waiting for another train to clear the Fort Totten train station in an area of the track that is aboveground, transit officials said. That's when a second train plowed into the back of the waiting train, pushing at least one car up onto the tail of the first train. Officials said they did not know if the operator of the second train tried to apply the brakes or even saw the first train before the collision. The operator of the second train, 42-year-old Jeanice McMillian of Springfield, Va., was killed in the crash. The other victims have not been named, pending notification of their families.  Metrorail spokeswoman Candace Smith said two men and seven women were killed and that all the victims were adults. Four bodies were recovered from the wreckage Monday and five more were removed Tuesday, she said.       Washington Mayor Adrian Fenty had said at an earlier news conference that seven people had died. Seventy-six people were treated at area hospitals; two of them were in critical condition, he said. Officials are still working with the medical examiner's office to identify the dead.   By Tuesday morning, NTSB investigators were deep into a multipronged investigation, gathering information and records on the system's signals, track conditions, the operator's experience and training, cell and text transmissions, and train maintenance.  The focus appeared to center on the computerized signal system, which officials said was designed to keep trains apart. Hersman said WMATA's procedures mandate that trains run on automatic control, rather than manual, during rush hour. Assuming that was the case, investigators will be examining the wreckage to try to determine whether the brakes were engaged and the operator could have seen the train in time to avert the crash, she said.  "We don't know at this point whether or not the operator could have seen the train ahead of them in time to stop," Hersman said.  Investigators may take in sample cars and conduct a sight-distance test to determine whether the operator could have seen the train ahead of her, after all of the victims and perishable evidence have been recovered from the scene, according to Hersman. But she noted that investigators have no hope of getting information from the train that caused the crash because the second, older-model train wasn't equipped with event recorders, despite NTSB recommendations.  However, Hersman said authorities hope to determine the speed of the moving train by examining the recorders on the train that was hit. Since the newer-model train was stopped when it was struck, investigators hope its recorders will tell them how fast the train was propelled forward. Metro General Manager John Catoe vowed to find out what caused the deadly crash. "We will find out what happened here, what caused this and put whatever resources are necessary into it to fix it so it will not happen again," he said. Washington, D.C.'s subway system has experienced other tragedies, including: • A subway train derailed in downtown Washington in January 2007. Sixty people had to be rescued from the train tunnel, and 20 were sent to the hospital.  • Two Metro track workers were struck and killed by an out-of-service train in November 2006. An investigation found that the train operator had failed to follow safety procedures.  • A Metro worker was struck and killed in May 2006. • A derailment killed three people on Jan. 13, 1982 — the Metro sys

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- China Sends Aircraft Carrier Into Taiwan Strait, A Provocative Move. -- Trump D.C. Hotel Contractors Say They're Owed Millions. -- Student Painting Depicting Cops As Animals Sparks Tensions On Capitol Hill. And here are more early headlines: 5 U.A.E. Humanitarian Workers Killed In Afghanistan. (Reuters) Heavy Storms Bring More Snow, Rain To The West. (Weather.gov) Honda Recalls 772,000 More Vehicles Over Airbag Inflators. (AP) Report: Japanese Lawmakers Consider Emperor Abdication. (Japan Times) Norway Starts To Shut Down FM Radio Signal. (Wired) Top Hat, Wheelbarrow Could Be Out As Monopoly Game Tokens. (CNET)


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Question: From A New Cd Titled 'Violin

From a new CD titled "Violin Concertos by Black Composers of the 18th and 19th Centuries," we'll hear the Rondo from the Violin Concerto in A, Op. 5 No. 2 by the Chevalier de Saint-Georges (shev-vahl-yay deh sa(n) ZHAWRZH) played by soloist Rachel Barton and the Encore Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Daniel Hege (HAY-gee). (Cedille CDR 90000 035)

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Question: Letters from Listeners

We read from listener comments to the program including thoughts on our coverage of the cost of medical malpractice insurance, our series on debt and the food Lewis and Clark's expedition survived on during their expedition.

Wedding Announcements from Kasper Hauser's upcoming book Weddings of the Times.


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Question: Breaking the Ice (Cream) on Capitol Hill

Amid ethics concerns about Tom DeLay, and bitterness over Social Security and other issues, members of Congress took a much needed bipartisan breather Wednesday: an ice cream social.

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: White Firefighters Win Discrimination Suit

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The Supreme Court ruled in favor of white New Haven firefighters who claimed they were victims of reverse discrimination. The High Court said the white firefighters were denied promotions because of their race. Harvard Law Professor Charles Ogletree and Nina Perales, Southwestern Regional Counsel of the Mexican American Legal Defense Fund, discuss the merits of the ruling and its potential implications.

Good morning - we're following these stories today. 'Epic' Wildfire Sends Tens Of Thousands Scrambling For Safety In Colorado. Sign Of Peace: Queen Elizabeth Shakes Hand Of Former IRA Commander. Syrian Rebels Attack Pro-Government TV Station. (Reuters) On The Left, Rangel Survives; On The Right, Hatch Handily Wins. Weakened Tropical Storm Debby Still Pouring On Florida. (CBS) Stockton, Calif. Stops Bond Payments, Moves Toward Bankruptcy. (Los Angeles Times) Two Weeks After Firing Her, University Of Virginia Leaders Rehire University President. (Washington Post) Federal Judge Suspends Sales Of New Galaxy Tablet In Patent Dispute With Apple. (ComputerWorld) ACLU Will Represent Georgia Klan Chapter In Adopt-A-Highway Dispute. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Search Continues For Victims Buried In Canadian Mall Roof Collapse. (Toronto Star)


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Question: Pakistani Journalist Hamid Mir

Forum talks to Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir, the only one to have interviewed Osama bin Laden after the events of September 11, 2001.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Friday News Roundup - International

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U.S. President Donald Trump made news again through one of his preferred modes of communication — a tweet.
After 52 years it is time for the United States to fully recognize Israel’s Sovereignty over the Golan Heights, which is of critical strategic and security importance to the State of Israel and Regional Stability! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 21, 2019   The 400-square-mile area is contested, and Trump’s tweet represents a change in decades-old American policy regarding the area. Here’s some analysis from the BBC’s Barbara Plett-Usher:  But the formal US recognition doesn’t change anything on the ground: Israel was already acting with full military authority. So critics have concluded this was a blatant attempt to give Mr Netanyahu a boost in a hotly-contested election. If so, it’s one that violates important principles of international law, they say: Mr Trump has endorsed the seizure of territory, and will have no moral authority to criticise Russia for doing so in Ukraine’s Crimea.  A week after a mass shooting at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, the government there agreed to ban semi-automatic guns. The ban includes all the weapons and parts used in the attack last Friday. In announcing the decision, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said, “It’s about all of us. It’s in the national interest. And it’s about safety.” This week, we analyzed how online extremism has been allowed to proliferate on social media platforms. We asked NBC News reporter Ben Collins whether social media sites just don’t know what to do about hate speech? He responded: “If that’s true, that’s depressing. But I don’t think that’s true.” You can hear that entire conversation here.. What responsibility do social media companies bear in preventing another live-streamed massacre? And why was the New Zealand government able to take such rapid action on banning these weapons, when other parts of the globe have struggled to take any meaningful steps toward gun control? In other news from around the world, a devastating cyclone hit Mozambique, leaving tens of thousands of people in need of fresh water and rescue.  More from The Guardian:  The magnitude of the disaster is “almost unexplainable”, with water as far as the eye can see, exhausted and hungry people trapped on exposed rooftops for days and mothers throwing their babies into rescue boats but having to stay behind in the trees they are holding on to, according to a rescue worker in the devastated port city of Beira.  Prime Minister Theresa May asked the European Union for a short extension during the ongoing boondoggle over Brexit. The E.U. is expected to grant that request. May implored members of Parliament to vote for her Brexit deal.  A petition for the United Kingdom to remain in the E.U. by revoking Article 50 surpassed a million signatures this week, though Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt said a Brexit cancellation was unlikely. How much more room to maneuver does Prime Minister May have? What would a deal that is acceptable to both the E.U. and the U.K. Parliament look like? And President Donald Trump said that the United States could get tougher on Venezuela in the midst of the country’s political crisis. Here’s more from McClatchy  Trump’s comments about tougher sanctions on Venezuela contradict the assessment of others familiar with U.S. strategy in Venezuela, who worry the United States has exhausted its strongest weapons after imposing crippling oil sanctions against the state run oil company. The White House has been following an “escalatory road map” that aides drew up for Trump in 2017 of available economic and individual sanctions. Many steps have largely been taken. They include tagging Maduro as a dictator, sanctions on individuals, and financial sector sanctions.  So which is it? How could Trump’s foreign policy affect leadership in Venezuela? We cover all that and more on the global edition of the News Roundup. Text by Gabrielle Healy. GUESTS Franco Ordonez, White House correspondent, McClatchy, focusing on immigration and foreign affairs; @FrancoOrdonez Courtney Kube, National security and military reporter, NBC News; @ckubenbc Michael Goldfarb, Host of the First Rough Draft of History Podcast; @MGEmancipation For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: Landmark Education Report Confirms that Schools Need More Money

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A landmark series of 22 reports examining California's educational system was released this week. The two year, $3 million project, called "Getting Down to Facts," was commissioned by the governor, legislative leaders and the state education department. Many teachers and principals say the reports confirm what they've known all along: Schools with poor and minority students need more money. Educators at one struggling middle school in San Diego say that if it was up to them, they would spend all their money hiring more teachers to meet the needs of their diverse student population.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Landmark Education Report Confirms that Schools Need More Money

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Question: Senators Press Military To Improve Brain-Wound Care

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Senators pressed senior military leaders Tuesday to improve their efforts to address traumatic brain injuries, suicide and other wounds suffered by soldiers returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Responding to what he called "disconcerting" reports by NPR and ProPublica, Sen. Carl Levin, (D-Mich.) said at a hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee that the military needed to better address the wide range of medical and behavioral problems affecting troops. Earlier this month, we reported that the military was failing to diagnose and adequately treat troops with brain injuries. Since 2002, official military figures show more than 115,000 soldiers have suffered mild traumatic brain injuries, also called concussions, which leave no visible scars but can cause lasting problems with memory, concentration and other cognitive functions. But the unpublished studies that we obtained and the experts that we talked to said that military screens were missing tens of thousands of additional cases. We also talked to soldiers at one of the military's largest bases who complained of trouble getting treatment. Read More "I am greatly concerned about the increasing number of troops returning from combat with post traumatic stress and traumatic brain injuries, and the number of those troops who may have experience concussive injuries that were never diagnosed," Levin, chairman of the committee, said as he opened Tuesday's hearing. Gen. Peter Chiarelli, the Army's vice chief of staff, said the Army had made strides in identifying soldiers at risk of committing suicide, setting up new treatment centers and deploying a new system of "telemental health services," allowing soldiers to talk with counselors by computer video chat programs. Chiarelli's remarks were echoed by other senior military commanders at the hearing from the Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps. "Our success notwithstanding, we still have much more to do," said Chiarelli, who has emerged as the Army's point man on mental health issues. "We face an army-wide problem that will be only be solved by the coordinated efforts of our commanders, leaders, soldiers and program managers and health providers. This is a holistic problem with holistic solutions and that is how we're approaching it." Chiarelli acknowledged that the Army continues to have problems with properly diagnosing soldiers with mild traumatic brain injuries, saying that it was an emerging area of medicine. And he acknowledged that soldiers at bases throughout the Army have sometimes had trouble receiving treatment for mild traumatic brain injuries and post traumatic stress. Chiarelli took issue with our reporting, however. He said the NPR and ProPublica reports were wrong to blame military doctors for failing to diagnose the problem, or to accuse senior military officials of not taking the issue seriously. He also said that NPR and ProPublica's had tried to draw a distinction between traumatic brain injury, or TBI, and post traumatic stress, or PTS, two conditions which frequently occur together. "I think the great disservice that NPR did to everyone was to try to isolate TBI from PTS. And that is just not possible," Chiarelli said. "The co-morbidity of these two is what's giving us the difficulty today. And I also think that they did a disservice when they indicated that PTS is a psychological problem. It's not just at a psychological problem. It is a physical injury that occurs." Chiarelli did not cite any factual errors in the stories and we stand by our reporting. But we also think he is mischaracterizing our reporting, which was based on dozens of interviews with senior military researchers, commanders and soldiers, and thousands of pages of unpublished studies, emails and medical records. First, we did address the overlap of TBI and PTSD in our stories: "To be sure, brain injuries and PTSD sometimes share common symptoms and co-exist in soldiers, brought on by the same terrifying events," we wrote. We also did not downplay the seriousness of PTSD—a wound which NPR has reported on extensively in past stories. We found several instances in which military doctors expressed skepticism about mild traumatic brain injury and its effects. Dr. Charles Hoge, one of the Army's senior health advisors, referred to the "illusory demands" of mild traumatic brain injury in an opinion piece in the New England Journal of Medicine last year. In an April 2010 email that we obtained, he wrote: "What's the harm in missing the diagnosis of mild TBI?" In an interview, Hoge told us that he was concerned with treating soldiers' symptoms, no matter the cause. We also turned up extensive evidence that military doctors weren't diagnosing mild traumatic brain injuries, both on the battlefield and when troops came home. Battlefield medics, overwhelmed by life-threatening wounds, can miss the signs of concussions. Screening tools now in place often fail to catch soldiers who have suffered concussions. Soldiers o

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Acting FBI Boss To Take Comey's Place At Senate Intel Hearing. -- Workers Take Jefferson Davis Statue Off Its Pedestal In New Orleans. -- Ex-Massey Energy CEO Completes 1-Year Federal Criminal Sentence. -- Dissident Rebels In Colombia Ignore Peace Treaty And Continue Extortion. And here are more early headlines: Tillerson Joins Arctic Nations Officials Meeting In Alaska. (AP) Montana Glaciers Shrinking At Tremendous Rate. (USGS) Venzuelan Protesters Fling Feces At Government Forces. (Washington Post) Energy Department To Study Tunnel Cave-In At Nuclear Waste Site. (NBC) VA Chief Says More Time Needed To End Veteran Homelessness. (AP) Boeing Halts New Plane Delivery To Test Potential Engine Problem. (Seattle Times)


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Question: How Scientists Misread The Threat Of Zika Virus

The world wasn't prepared for Zika to fly across continents in the span of a few months. In 2015, when the virus began rapidly spreading across the Americas, health workers were surprised, and researchers were caught flat-footed when it came time to provide information to protecting the public's health. Scientists misjudged Zika virus as a minor and trivial ailment when it was discovered in 1947, says Dr. Ken Stuart, the founder and director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research in Seattle. That oversight is one reason for the dearth of medical knowledge around the virus. But it didn't have to be that way, he says. Stuart spoke with NPR's Ari Shapiro on why the Zika outbreak has unfolded the way it did and how things could have gone better. This interview has been edited for length and clarity.  Interview Highlights On why scientists didn't pay much attention to Zika for decades after it was identified  It was discovered in Uganda and was thought to be isolated and to occur infrequently. So there was essentially no research done. I think only one person in the U.S. was working on Zika virus. We were unaware of the severity of the disease ... [and] were unaware this virus had the capability for getting distributed so rapidly. On trying to get a handle on emerging infectious diseases  [We can] try to deploy resources consciously to develop fundamental understanding of groups of infectious agents and diseases they cause. Zika virus is a fairly small virus that has a single strand of RNA as its genome, fairly simple. And there are other related viruses [like Spondweni virus], so working on related viruses and how that virus affects the cells and individuals it infects when it causes disease will help with the next outbreak of a related organism. On why that doesn't always happen This really goes back to funding priorities. Much of the funding devoted to infectious disease today is in reaction to outbreaks. Therefore, we're not generally prepared to respond quickly. In other cases there are diseases that are very rare but they have an advocacy group that generates research activities. In the case of diseases like Zika, which were isolated in remote areas of the world where that population had no resources or advocacy group, there was no push to do research. On how we'll respond to outbreaks in the future We're not stuck with what we've got. There are conversations between federal funding agencies and private organizations to try to prioritize the utilization of their resources, and I would say the NIH has been a leader in supporting the fundamental research that actually, probably positions us best to be prepared to respond to these disease outbreaks. ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:  This week, we've heard stories from Brazil and Colombia about pregnant women who've had the Zika virus and fear that their babies might be born with severe birth defects. Zika has gone from being little-known to what the World Health Organization now calls a public health emergency of international concern. In the U.S., scientists now studying the Zika virus are basically starting from scratch. We asked Dr. Ken Stuart of the Center for Infectious Disease Research why people weren't studying it before now. KEN STUART: I think there's two reasons. One is we were unaware of the severity of that disease and so there was very few people - in fact only one person in the U.S. who I think was working on Zika virus. And secondly, we were unaware that this virus had the capability of getting distributed so rapidly. It was discovered in Uganda so was thought to be isolated and to occur infrequently so there was essentially no research being done to develop either drugs or vaccines for this disease. SHAPIRO: And is that generally true of most diseases until thousands of people start getting sick from them? STUART: In many cases, that's true. In other cases, there are diseases which are fairly rare but they have an advocacy group that generates research activities. In the case of diseases like Zika, which were isolated in remote areas in the world where that population had no resources or advocacy group, there was no push to do research. SHAPIRO: Is there a better way? Would it be more productive to see research into some of these diseases before lots of people start getting sick from them? STUART: Yes, in fact one is to try to deploy resources consciously to develop fundamental understanding of groups of infectious agents and the diseases that they cause. SHAPIRO: So you're saying set aside money for the kind of research that can be applied to many diseases whether or not any one of them ever becomes an epidemic. STUART: Right. So fundamental infectious disease research. Zika virus is a fairly small virus that has a single strand of RNA as its genome - fairly simple - and there are other related viruses. And so working on related viruses and working on how that virus affects the cells and individuals it infects when it causes disease helps with the

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: USDA: Suspect Cow in Texas Should Have Been Tested

The U.S. Department of Agriculture notifies all of its veterinarians that it is their duty to perform mad cow disease tests on suspicious animals. The reminder comes after the USDA's regional headquarters in Austin ordered inspectors not to sample a cow that collapsed at a Texas packing plant. NPR's Allison Aubrey reports.

Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: Deal Averting Shutdown Proves Compromise Is Alive, If Not Well

Reports of the death of compromise in Washington are greatly exaggerated. That's one important message from the 11th-hour agreement that averted a partial shutdown of the federal government Friday night. "No compromise" has been the rallying cry of the Tea Party movement. Some Republican lawmakers have echoed that. But the agreement reached Friday was the epitome of compromise. Republicans had come into the negotiations demanding $61 billion in spending cuts from the remainder of fiscal year 2011 which ends in September. GOP lawmakers also wanted numerous policy riders on the legislation that would have placed  restrictions on social policies. They included the much-argued Planned Parenthood rider to bar the organization from receiving any federal funding. Read More By the time negotiations ended late Friday, Republicans had agreed to $41 billion in cuts, including $2 billion in a stopgap bill that funds the government through next Thursday, and had dropped most of their policy riders. For their part, Democrats had initially offered a far smaller menu of cuts, then begrudgingly got up to about $30 billion before finishing about $11 billion above that level. Meanwhile, Senate Democrats agreed to allow votes on defunding the Affordable Care Act and Planned Parenthood and agreed that there would be no additional funding of Internal Revenue Service agents to enforce the new health care law's individual mandate provisions. The defunding votes aren't expected to pass in the Senate but, again, it was a a not inconsiderable concession by Democrats to promise the floor votes at all. The health care law vote, for instance, will likely cause heartburn for some Democrats facing tough re-election fights, like Sen. Clair McCaskill of Missouri and Sen. Ben Nelson of Nebraska. That a compromise was possible and a shutdown averted at least proves that Democrats and Republicans are capable of bridging fierce differences, if only when they are staring into the abyss. Heading into the fights over raising the federal debt-ceiling as well as the fiscal 2012 budget, the agreement establishes what is possible. Not that those fights will be easy. The dynamics of each of those will be different because of their greater significance. The debt ceiling is about the "full faith and credit" of the U.S., which has even greater long-term consequence than the 2011 budget. And the 2012 budget fight will in large part be a battle over the future of the Medicare and Medicaid entitlements. But with lawmakers clearly blinking at the prospect of shutting down the government if even for a few days, it's difficult to imagine them wanting to cause a worldwide financial disruption by failing to increase the debt ceiling. Of the three major players in the shutdown showdown, Speaker John Boehner probably had the most to gain and lose if the government had been forced to partially close. The other major players, President Obama and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, had already proven their ability to get major complicated legislation over the finish line, past resistance in their own and opposition parties. If Boehner hadn't been able to close a deal, it would have thrown into doubt his ability to deliver during future negotiations with the White House and Senate. Instead, he has achieved an important success. He showed he can ride herd on his Tea Party firebrands enough to successfully close a deal like the spending agreement. He can also take credit for forcing Democrats to accept a historic level of spending cuts. Boehner told reporters late Friday:  "As you all know, this has been a lot of discussion and a long fight.  But we fought to keep government spending down because it really will, in fact, help create a better environment for job creators in our country."  But Democrats were spinning the agreement as a victory, too. The hallmark of a compromise is when both sides can claim a win. Obama's reaction to the agreement was upbeat and confident, as though things had worked out exactly as he had envisioned. With the Washington Monument clearly visible through the White House window behind him, the president provided viewers a visual reminder of what was averted, the closing of tourist attractions like the world's most famous obelisk. But what was particularly striking was how quickly the president moved to co-opt the Republican spending-cut message. Obama said:  "This agreement between Democrats and Republicans, on behalf of all Americans, is  on a budget that invests in our future while making the largest annual spending  cut in our history.  Like any worthwhile compromise, both sides had to make  tough decisions and give ground on issues that were important to them.  And I  certainly did that. "Some of the cuts we agreed to  will be painful. Programs people rely on will be cut back.  Needed  infrastructure projects will be delayed.  And I would not have made these cuts  in better circumstances. "But beginning to live within  our means is the only

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Alan Simpson on Defying GOP Leadership

Former Sen. Alan Simpson talks to Juan Williams about the consequences of defying GOP leadership. Conservative groups criticize senators who earlier this week agreed to a compromise on judicial filibusters. Simpson, a moderate Republican who favors abortion rights, was ousted from his party's leadership in 1994.

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What's going on with the talks in Washington between Republicans and Democrats over the budget, the debt and the federal debt ceiling? As deadlines approach — the White House wants a deal by July 22 to avoid a potential government shutdown on Aug. 2 — we'll keep an eye on the latest headlines. Here are some of today's (and as often happens on stories like this, there are conflicting reports): -- Reuters — "Analysis: Debt Deal Not That Far Out Of Reach." -- The Wall Street Journal -- "Deficit Talks Focus On Taxes; Democrats, GOP At Odds Over Raising Revenue As Negotiations Hit Crucial Stage." -- Politico — Rep. James Clyburn, (D-SC): "GOP Tax Pledge Killing Debt Deal." -- Bloomberg News — Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX) "Says Republicans May Accept 'Mini' Deal on Raising U.S. Debt  Limit." -- The Hill -- "Redistricting Adds To Republican Leaders' Debt-Vote Pressures."


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Question: 'This Is Depraved Conduct': Couple Charged With Torture After Kids Found Shackled

Editor's note: This report includes disturbing descriptions of child abuse. Updated at 5:30 p.m. ET Just days after Louise and David Turpin's 13 children were discovered deeply malnourished and — in some cases — shackled to furniture in their home, the Southern California couple have been charged with torture, child abuse and false imprisonment. The two parents face the possibility of life in prison. "As a prosecutor, there are cases that stick with you, that will haunt you," Riverside County District Attorney Michael Hestrin said at a news conference Thursday. "Sometimes in this business, we're faced with looking at human depravity — and that's what we're looking at here." The Turpin children, who range in age from 2 to 29, allegedly suffered years of neglect and escalating abuse, both physical and psychological. For at least eight years and in three homes, Hestrin said the children were forced to eat rarely, shower no more than once a year and, when punished, were often beaten, strangled or tied up "for weeks or even months at a time." "Circumstantial evidence in the house suggests that the victims were often not released from their chains to go to the bathroom," Hestrin added. Police did not discover the house in Perris, Calif., until Sunday, when the 17-year-old daughter enacted a plan she and her siblings had been working on for more than two years. Hestrin said that the daughter, together with another sibling, escaped through a window — and that though the other sibling soon grew frightened and turned back, the 17-year-old forged ahead and contacted local police. What they found appalled them. "To give you an example," Hestrin said Thursday, "one of the children at age 12 is the weight of an average 7-year-old. The 29-year-old female victim weighs 82 pounds. Several of the victims have cognitive impairment and neuropathy — which is nerve damage — as a result of this extreme and prolonged physical abuse." And though the parents had reportedly registered their home as a private school with the state's Department of Education, the children "lack a basic knowledge of life," Hestrin said. "Many of the children didn't know what a police officer was. The 17-year-old, when asked whether there was medication or pills in the home, didn't know what medication or pills were." Not long after police visited the home Sunday, the children were taken to medical centers for treatment and the parents were taken into custody. Among the charges the parents face: 12 counts each of torture, 12 counts each of false imprisonment, seven counts each of abuse of a dependent adult, and six counts each of child abuse or neglect. David Turpin also has been charged with committing a lewd act against a child using force, fear or duress. As to why the parents face 12 counts and not 13, Hestrin responded: "I don't know why, but apparently the 2-year-old was getting enough to eat." He noted that officials reserve the right to file more charges as the investigation proceeds. The parents pleaded not guilty Thursday. Their bail is set at $12 million each. Prosecutors hope to learn more about the lives of these children from one of the few privileges Hestrin said they were allowed: their journals. Hestrin said they lived in Fort Worth, Texas, until 2010 when they moved to Murrieta, Calif., and finally settled in Perris in 2014. And during this time, despite being kept in separate rooms or chained to furniture, the children were allowed to keep journals of their own. "We now have recovered those journals — hundreds of them — and we are combing through them for evidence." For the time being, authorities' knowledge of the situation derives mostly from the children's accounts: Stories of the parents eating well and leaving food in front of their children, who were forbidden to touch it. Stories of toys scattered about the house but never removed from their original packaging. Stories of a ban on washing above the wrist while washing their hands, which if violated, would elicit accusations that they "were playing in the water." "This is severe emotional and physical abuse," Hestrin said Thursday. "There's no way around that. This is depraved conduct." Hestrin said the family would wake around nightfall and head to bed in the early morning, around 4 or 5 a.m. It was shortly after this morning curfew, around 6 a.m., that the 17-year-old daughter placed the 911 call that brought police to her family's home. For now, and likely for some time to come, she and her siblings are receiving medical and psychological treatment. "They've gone through a very traumatic ordeal. I can tell you that they're very friendly. They're very cooperative," Mark Uffer, CEO of the Corona Regional Medical Center, where the adults have been hospitalized, said at a news conference Tuesday. "And I believe they're hopeful that life will get better for them after this event."

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department's Search Of Reporters' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother's Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)


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Question: From Child Actor To Artist: Radcliffe Reflects On Post-Potter Life

Many child stars find themselves washed up by the time they reach adulthood, but Daniel Radcliffe's career is going strong — and that's no accident. "There is never a moment's doubt in my mind that this is what I want to do," he tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross. "If I die on a film set when I'm 80, I'll be happy with that." Since wrapping up the last Harry Potter film, Radcliffe has taken on roles you may not have expected from the former boy wizard: He starred onstage in Equus, in which he appeared nude; he sang and danced in a Broadway revival of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying; he co-stars in the new TV series A Young Doctor's Notebook, in which Mad Men's Jon Hamm plays a morphine-addicted doctor and Radcliffe plays the doctor's younger self; and he stars as poet Allen Ginsberg in the new movie Kill Your Darlings, set in 1944, when Ginsberg was a freshman at Columbia University.  Interview Highlights On why director John Krokidas chose him to play Ginsberg He saw something in Allen's situation in life — which was that of somebody trying to figure out who they are creatively — and he saw, I think, a parallel of that in my life, as somebody who had come out of one thing, obviously Potter, which I'm very known for ... and trying to establish myself outside of that. Also, John and I are aware that most people in any kind of creative industry generally, I think, have an operating system that runs between the extremes of self-doubt or anxiety, and ambition, and that's definitely something Allen has. And I think that's something I probably have in common with him. On being tutored on the set of Harry Potter I pretty much left full-time, formal education when I was 11, so that was when I was taken out of the school system. ... The longest stretch I would go back for was a term and a half when I was about 14. And then other than that I would really just go back for exams, and it wasn't something I looked forward to. I was so happy on set ... that I really didn't love going back to school. I was not very academic as a child when I was at school — not bottom of the class, but not far off it either. [I] found concentrating very hard, all of that stuff you always hear. And being tutored one-to-one on set was just fantastic. Also, I'm a very hyperactive person, so if you tell me to sit still and shut up and learn and take information, it's not going to happen. I take things in better when I'm allowed to talk, and respond, and engage and move around a bit. On breaking into musical theater Both of my parents have been actors; there were a lot of show tunes on in the car all of the time. I grew up with that. I honestly didn't think [singing] would be something for a lot longer in my career, but when the opportunity came up to do it [in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying] I thought, "Oh, well, why not?" It seemed like such a mad challenge to take on. The singing was something I had more confidence in because I've always loved singing, and I've always done it around the house. Actually, [in] the first scene of Equus, my character comes on ... and he only sings advertising jingles. ... And when I first started doing Equus, I constantly was screwing up the tune. ... So they sent me to a singing teacher just so I could learn the tune. And then I really got on with my singing teacher ... and I've been going to him ever since. On his parents' hesitance at letting him play Harry Potter Both my mom and my dad had not had very great experiences as actors, and when I was initially asked to audition for Harry, they both said no. And I didn't have any knowledge of this at this point — obviously they kept me pretty out of it, rightly so. But they said no, because at that time the deal was that we'd have to sign on for seven films, and they'd all be made in America, and they just said, "No, that will be too big of a shift to his life. That's not going to happen." And so months later, when the deal had changed, and ... we only had to sign on for two, and they'd both be filmed in the U.K. — I think [with that], coupled with the fact that I was really not having a great time at school, they thought, "Maybe we should let him audition." And then everything went from there. On what he learned from the veterans on the Potter set The most important thing I learned during Potter from a lot of those actors was just how to be on set. ... Because there were some people that handle themselves so brilliantly that they make everybody's day better by the way they conduct themselves. Imelda Staunton, Gary Oldman, David Thewlis — they can lift a set with what they bring to it. And I think watching that really made an impression at a young age and gave [me] a sense of the responsibility you have if you're a lead actor on a film. Because I don't think a lot of actors take that responsibility very seriously. As a lead actor on a film, you have the opportunity to dramatically affect the course of the day, because if you come on s

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Question: California Farm Workers Honor Boycott

In Salinas, Calif., tens of thousands agricultural workers heed the call for a national work boycott by staying away from the fields. As Ben Adler of member station KAZU reports, they had union and industry support for the action, designed to demonstrate immigrant worker strength.

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The Walkmen: A Howl Through The Static

Through the rumble of muddy guitars and anxious toms, The Walkmen's "On the Water" paints an ominous scene. After three albums and a track-for-track re-creation of Harry Nilsson's Pussy Cats, You & Me successfully captures the tone of the band's past by tempering its brash and clattering rock with road-weary introspection. The arid mood boils slowly, bringing to mind an indie-rock score for a spaghetti Western or an unwritten Cormac McCarthy novel about a life passing by. Singer Hamilton Leithauser's words — "Walking down this dirt road / Watching at the sky / It's all I can do" — clearly come from a lonely place. But as the song reaches a climactic moment of clanging guitars and ghostly, whistling melodies, Leithauser's feverish howl erupts through the static. No matter how bad things get, his love, "Molly," is the only thing holding him together. Bleary-eyed and bracing, it's a vivid expression of devotion. Listen to yesterday's Song of the Day, and subscribe to the Song of the Day newsletter.

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Smith Westerns - Weekend Burnt Ones - Bury Me In Smoke Demon's Claws - Fed From Her Hand Gang of Four - You'll Never Pay For The Farm Candy Claws - In The Deep Time The Superions - Fruitcake


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Question: White House Dismisses Concern Over Transition, Says No Pressure Applied To GSA

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The White House said Friday that there had been no external pressure from the Trump administration to slow the formalizing of the election's outcome by the General Services Administration, even as President Trump has continued his unsuccessful campaign to overturn the election results. "The president's been very clear: He wants every legal vote to be counted and to make sure that no illegal votes are counted," White House press secretary Kayleigh McEnany said in the first formal briefing she has held in several weeks, repeating false talking points about widespread fraud.  When asked about President-elect Joe Biden's concern that Trump's failure to concede was keeping his team from vital public health information regarding the coronavirus and vaccine development, McEnany dismissed the criticism.  "I did hear the former vice president say yesterday he was concerned about not being able to distribute a vaccine. He shouldn't be. Maybe he hasn't seen, but we have publicly available that plan that I mentioned in my opening. It's the COVID-19 Vaccination Program, the Interim Playbook for Jurisdiction Operations. This is publicly available if the former vice president would like to read through it," she said. Biden's team of coronavirus advisers urged the administration to open access to its plans and information earlier this week, telling reporters they don't have access to the government's real-time data on the pandemic and its spread.  The GSA, which releases funds and other access to incoming administrations, has taken criticism in recent days for failing to "ascertain" Biden's victory — a requisite formality to begin the president-elect's transition into the White House. The GSA has said it cannot ascertain a president-elect until there is a "clear" winner of the election.  Biden holds 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232, and states are closing in on a Dec. 8 deadline to certify their results. (Here's a timeline of key dates between now and Inauguration Day.) When asked whether anyone from the Trump campaign or his administration had spoken with GSA Administrator Emily Murphy about the timing of ascertaining a victor or whether any pressure from Trump's team had been applied to Murphy's agency, McEnany responded: "Absolutely not." "GSA will make the determination of ascertainment at the right moment. Right now, there's a constitutional process that's being played out. There are questions being asked in court, but the GSA will determine when ascertainment has been reached," she said.  "We have done everything statutorily required, and we will continue to do that," McEnany continued. Democrats in the House of Representatives on Thursday sent a letter to Murphy's office, demanding that she brief lawmakers on why she has yet to ascertain Biden's White House victory.  "Your actions in blocking transition activities required under the law are having grave effects, including undermining the orderly transfer of power, impairing the incoming Administration's ability to respond to the coronavirus pandemic, hampering its ability to address our nation's dire economic crisis, and endangering our national security," the letter said.


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Question: Kennedy's Surgeon Deems Brain Surgery a Success

Sen. Edward Kennedy is recovering from brain surgery at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina. Doctors removed part of a malignant brain tumor Monday after the Massachusetts lawmaker was diagnosed two weeks ago. His surgeon has called the procedure a success.


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Question: A Mile In Another?s Shoes

When Elisa Della-Piana shows up at a firehouse door not looking her best, she experiences the scorn endured routinely by people living on the street

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Question: Early Warning Alerted Many in Quake Zone

Monday's earthquake did not trigger a tsunami, but it did spark a scare across the region. Several countries along the Indian Ocean received early word of the possibility of a second tsunami, including Thailand, where tens of thousands fled to higher ground.

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For example, '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'The city of Minneapolis has reached a $27 million civil settlement with the family of George Floyd, the Black man whose death in police custody last May sparked a wave of protests across the country and the world. The Minneapolis City Council voted unanimously on Friday to approve the record settlement, which stems from a federal civil rights suit filed in July against the city and four former police officers over Floyd\'s fatal arrest. "I do want to on behalf of the entire City Council, offer my deepest condolences to the family of George Floyd, his friends and all in our community who are mourning his loss," Minneapolis City Council President Lisa Bender said at Friday\'s council meeting. "No amount of money can ever address the intense pain or trauma caused by this death to George Floyd\'s family or to the people of our city." Lawyers representing Floyd\'s family had argued that local officials — "with deliberate indifference" — failed to correct the police department\'s dangerous arrest practices or train officers properly in the use of force. The suit also alleged that the four former officers who participated in Floyd\'s fatal arrest on May 25 — Derek Chauvin, Tou Thao, Thomas Lane and J. Alexander Kueng — violated Floyd\'s Fourth Amendment rights with the "excessive use of unjustified, excessive, illegal and deadly force." All four have since been fired from the police department and are facing criminal charges. The news comes on the fourth day of jury selection in the highly anticipated trial of Chauvin, who is charged with third-degree murder, second-degree murder and manslaughter. Video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd\'s neck for nearly nine minutes sparked protests in and beyond the city. In a statement released on behalf of the family, Floyd\'s sister Bridgett Floyd said she was pleased that "this part of our tragic journey to justice for my brother George is resolved." "Our family suffered an irreplaceable loss May 25 when George\'s life was senselessly taken by a Minneapolis police officer," she said. "While we will never get our beloved George back, we will continue to work tirelessly to make this world a better, and safer, place for all." The settlement includes $500,000 to be used in part "for the benefit of the community around 38th and Chicago in Minneapolis." The intersection where Floyd was killed serves as a makeshift memorial, and the city says it is working with community leaders to create a more permanent tribute as well as fostering racial healing and justice and enhancing city services for residents and businesses. "The past year has dramatically shifted our city\'s trajectory, and today marks another milestone in shaping a more just future for Minneapolis," Mayor Jacob Frey said in a tweet. "Our settlement with George Floyd\'s family reflects a shared commitment to advancing racial justice and a sustained push for progress." This is far from the first settlement of its kind, Minnesota Public Radio reports. Civil settlements with the families of people killed by Minneapolis police in the last two decades include a $20 million settlement in 2019 for the killing of Justine Ruszczyk Damond, who was fatally shot by former officer Mohamed Noor after she called 911. Floyd\'s family\'s case was led by Ben Crump, the high-profile civil rights attorney who has over the years won millions of dollars in civil settlements for families of Black victims of controversial violence, including Michael Brown and Trayvon Martin. In the past year, he has also worked with the families of Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery, as well as Jacob Blake. Crump told NPR\'s All Things Considered this week that he has mixed feelings about whether civil settlements actually serve to deter police violence, noting that while they may motivate city governments to make changes, they have not necessarily been proved to do so. In the six months after the so-called "tipping point" that was Floyd\'s death, he said, 130 Black people were killed by police. Crump said that to him, progress would mean justice — which is not the same as accountability. "The only thing George Floyd could get is accountability, Breonna can only get accountability, you know, Ahmaud Arbery can only get accountability," he said. "Because the reality is, justice would be them still here with us living."']' should be close to '['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Minneapolis Reaches $27 Million Settlement With Family Of George Floyd']'

Tulare County Town Braces for Farm Job Losses. End Music.


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Question: Lonely And Rich: American Life As Seen By A Haitian Visitor

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We've spent a lot of time reporting in Haiti this year. Sebastien Narcisse has been our driver, translator, photographer, and friend during our visits. Sebastien recently completed his first trip to the U.S., and we figured it's only fair to give him a chance to report on life in the U.S. from a Haitian perspective.  I expected most of his observations to be about the vast differences in wealth between the U.S. and Haiti. But that's not what was at the top of his mind.  --Adam Davidson It's so amazing how people can be so lonely in the U.S. You can be living in a neighborhood without seeing the neighbors at all. Your closest friend or family  could be several miles away. It's also amazing how automated things are: ATM  bank machines, highway toll stations without cashier, gas stations without pumpist, or a car wash station without car washers. Some people go out so underdressed! Guys wearing sandals and shorts to go to work, eating and drinking while waiting for a bus or while walking along the sidewalks. Some people are full of debt, taking loans to pay other past credits. They might have a nice fancy car (Mercedes or Jaguar) but live in a few-meter-square apartment. Read More: Reflections on New York and LA Walking through New York City, I felt freshness, challenge, knowledge, technology, improvements,cultural exchange, power, greatness, happiness and above all prosperity. I wonder how was it before the economy weakened? In Los Angeles, I appreciate the fact that people don't need to know each other to start whatever conversation that comes in mind. I like that social exchange, between two strangers. It happened to me three times already. One other thing I discovered is that the USA is so big that you might see someone somewhere, you have less than a one percent change to see him or her again. I understand why so many casual sex have been registered. In America, there is no difference between daytime and nighttime; it's busy all the time. People can be living in the same house, but not see each other, because their schedule is different. They don't have enough time to catch up, no time for cooking. It's where the fast-food business comes from. I definitely fell in love with America. I didn't have the chance to visit any other country yet, but I don't think there is any place like the USA.  If you have the chance to live or study there, America will transform you to your optimum capacity.

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Question: America's Mental Health Crisis Hidden Behind Bars

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It's recreation time at a Los Angeles County jail known as the Twin Towers. Nearly a dozen disheveled young men stand docilely as they munch on sandwiches out of brown paper bags. They're half-naked except for sleeveless, thick, blanket-like restraints wrapped around them like medieval garments. All are chained and handcuffed to shiny metal tables bolted to the floor. "It's lunchtime and they're actually [in] programming right now," says a veteran guard, LA County Sheriff's Deputy Myron Trimble. Programming, in theory, means a treatment regimen. But it's difficult to determine what treatment they're actually receiving. A whiteboard nearby tracks how many days since guards on this floor had to forcibly restrain anyone: 54. These inmates haven't been violent, he says. So why are all of the men shackled to tables for recreation? "Just to make sure that they're not walking around," Trimble says. "If they don't take their medications, they could be deemed unpredictable." No one is under the illusion that shackles are helping mentally ill inmates get well. "I think everyone can agree that it's rather inhumane to have the inmate handcuffed while out," says LA Sheriff's Capt. Tania Plunkett, with the Twin Towers' Access to Care Bureau. "However, because of spacing and the lack of programming, we're not able to really focus on getting the inmate better to eventually lead to having them in a program without being handcuffed." New inmates with a mental illness arrive daily in the LA County jail system. It now holds more than 5,000 inmates with a mental illness who've had run-ins with the law. Some 3,000 are held in the jail's Twin Towers. "By default, we have become the largest treatment facility in the country. And we're a jail," says Tim Belavich, the director of mental health for the Los Angeles County jail system. "I would say a jail facility is not the appropriate place to treat someone's mental illness." In the past decade, the number of inmates housed at the Twin Towers has skyrocketed. "When I started in 2013, mentally ill inmates were only housed on the seventh floor and the sixth floor right below it," Capt. Plunkett says. "To date, the entire facility consists of mentally ill inmates." (The adjacent Men's Central Jail houses regular inmates.) Across the country, there are dozens of places like Los Angeles' Twin Towers, warehousing people in settings with inadequate staff, services and support. It's a culmination of decades of policies affecting those with a mental illness. Many of the nation's asylums and hospitals were closed over the past 60-plus years — some horrific places that needed to be shuttered, others emptied to cut costs. The idea was that they'd be replaced with community-based mental health care and supportive services. That didn't happen. Ensuing decades saw tougher sentencing under aggressive "war on drugs and crime" policies as well as cuts to subsidized housing and mental health. It all created a perfect storm of failed policies driving more of the mentally ill into the nation's jails and prisons. Many were left to fend for themselves. Substance abuse and homelessness sometimes followed, as did encounters with police, who often are called first to help deal with the effects of or related to mental crises. It has put the jails in an awkward position. Today the three biggest mental health centers in America are jails: LA County, Cook County, Ill. (Chicago) and New York City's Rikers Island jail. Without the support needed, conditions have created new asylums, advocates say, that can resemble the very places they vowed to shut down. "Local jails and prisons have become the de facto mental health institutions," says Elizabeth Hancq, director of research at the Treatment Advocacy Center, a national nonprofit that works to eliminate barriers to treatment for people with severe mental illness. "It's really a humanitarian crisis that if you suffer from a severe mental illness in this country, you almost need to commit a crime in order to get into the system." Almost one-third of people with a mental illness get into the treatment systems through an encounter with a police officer, studies show. The lack of available treatment beds nationally means more people with a mental illness are stuck in jails until one becomes available, often for painfully long periods. It's hard to quantify just how big the problem really is. No organization or agency keeps close nationwide tabs on the number of inmates in county and city jails who have a mental health problem or their average length of stay. That has made it that much harder for experts and lawmakers to evaluate potential policy solutions to help fix this nationwide crisis. "Without adequate and appropriate data collection and analysis on serious mental illness in our jails and prisons," Hancq says, "there can't be real accountability and oversight into what's going on." As The Atlantic recently reported, no one is carefully tracking how many people are

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Question: Coastal Areas Clean Up After Storm

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Communities all along the Northwest coast are in clean-up mode after a pair of devastating wind and rain storms struck this week. The majority of flood warnings have been lifted in Northwest Oregon and Western Washington, but there are still some trouble spots.  Governors of both states plan to request Federal help to fix the widespread damage. Correspondent Chris Lehman has this report:

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.