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Question: Shell Faces Pushback As Alaska Drilling Nears

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The federal government could soon give the final go-ahead for Royal Dutch Shell to begin drilling for oil in the Arctic Ocean. Shell has spent $4 billion since 2007 to prepare for this work, and is hoping to tap into vast new deposits of oil. But the plan to drill exploratory wells is controversial — opposed by environmental groups and some indigenous people as well. You can get a feel for this controversy by stepping aboard the Nanuq. Shell plunked down $100 million for this 300-foot-long, Arctic-class spill-response vessel. And unlike similar vessels that serve the oil industry in the Gulf of Mexico, there's no foul-smelling black smoke coming out of the stacks. "They retrofitted this vessel with clean-air technology just to keep those emissions down," says Shell scientist Michael Macrander. "All of our vessels have been worked on to keep our emissions down." That's not simply because Shell is big-hearted. The company's plans to drill in the Arctic last year were thwarted when environmental groups successfully petitioned the EPA to reject the company's original air-quality permits. Shell switched to low-sulfur fuel and installed particle scrubbers to meet the higher standard. So the fleet heading north is a lot cleaner than it would have been in 2011. Air isn't the only issue. Inupiat who live along the north coast of Alaska have been worried that oil exploration could scare away the whales they hunt. The company has taken steps to address those concerns. "That goes all the way to agreements with the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission to shut down during critical periods while they are hunting," Macrander says. Shell says it will pull its drilling rig out of the Beaufort Sea for weeks during the summer whale hunt. And Macrander also notes that the Nanuq is painted blue and white because Inupiat told Shell that those colors are less likely to scare whales. 'We're Not Ready Scientifically' Those accommodations have tempered Inupiat opposition to the drilling. But they don't satisfy environmental groups. Everyone from Greenpeace to the Sierra Club to the Alaska Wilderness League continue to fight a pitched battle to block Shell. "We're not ready scientifically, we're not ready in terms of having effective cleanup, and we're not ready in terms of having the regulatory oversight mechanism that we should have had," says Lois Epstein of the Wilderness Society in Anchorage. Epstein says government agencies don't have enough technical staff to fully evaluate oil and gas operations. She says it helps a bit that the government has decided to put inspectors on the Arctic drilling rigs for the entire time they are drilling offshore. But that's not enough. Another concern for environmental groups is that the federal government has been leasing tracts to oil companies without first stopping to figure out what parts of the Chukchi and Beaufort seas should be set aside as wildlife preserves. Scientists are still trying to identify the most critical habitat for marine mammals, Epstein says. "When we do identify areas that are highly productive in terms of calving and important in terms of raising young, we should set aside those areas to assure that whales and other marine mammals have that habitat," he says. Scientific research has accelerated in the region over the past few years — funded primarily by Shell and other oil companies, and carried out largely by academic researchers. Macrander argues that they're making good progress in closing the data gaps that previous reviews have identified. But Epstein says development is simply happening too fast, in an area where so much is at stake, for the environment and for the native peoples. "Yes, there's enormous pressure to go after the Arctic, but we're not so desperate right now that we have to do that," she says. Keeping The Petroleum Economy Going Environmental groups reach sympathetic ears in the Lower 48 states, but that's not the case in Alaska. Scott Goldsmith, an economics professor at the University of Alaska Anchorage, says most Alaskans are excited that Shell is about to start drilling offshore. "It could be one of the next big events that will keep the petroleum economy going for another generation or more," he says, adding that most Alaskans care more about the petroleum economy than they do about the pristine Arctic. The economic concerns have been growing because oil production from Alaska's major sources has been in real decline. Drilling offshore could turn that around dramatically. There are potentially 25 billion barrels of oil up there, arguably worth several trillion dollars. So it's no mystery why Shell has already invested $4 billion on this prospecting. The company will doubtless spend a lot more before oil could start to flow. "The costs are big but the volumes are substantial," says Pete Slaiby, Shell's vice president for Alaska. "The only area in the U.S. with potentially more resource would be those remaining in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico." Slaib

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For instance, <<['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'Comic Roy Wood Jr. is now a correspondent for The Daily Show, but he got his start performing in comedy clubs in the South and Midwest — sometimes in places where he felt unsafe as a black man. "I did a lot of shows in a lot of strange places," he says. "I\'ve been called the n-word from the stage by somebody in the crowd and the club owner did nothing to defend me." After a show, Wood would sometimes drive three or four hours out of town rather than sleep in a place where he felt unsafe. But looking back now, Wood, who grew up in Birmingham, Ala., is grateful for those early experiences. "I\'m thankful for those gigs because that\'s the type of stuff that now, with The Daily Show, it gives me an opportunity to tap into who some of the audience is," he says. "If nothing more, my first nine or 10 years of comedy were a very, very bitter education on the psyche of the middle of the country." In addition to appearing on The Daily Show, Wood hosts the Comedy Central series This Is Not Happening, in which comics tell stories about things that happened to them in real life. He also starred in the 2017 Comedy Central special Father Figure.  Interview Highlights On writing the Trump rap sketch for The Daily Show We were just talking about how much Trump brags. He literally is like a rapper — he talks about his house, his boat, his properties — and I started talking about it with Jordan Klepper, who was a correspondent at the time (this was before he was hosting The Opposition). Klepper [and I] said, "I bet if we dug deep enough into his tweets we could find enough bars to put into stanzas to make a full-blown rap song." The Microsoft Word document [we created] was font size 12, single-spaced and it was about 20 pages of just quotes and tweets and anything braggadocios and we neatly went through and found line by line and put it all together. On experiencing racism in different parts of the country  I think the difference between Southern racism and Northern racism is that in the South you know where you stand and ... when you know where the boundaries are, then you kind of know how to play the game a little bit more. So if someone\'s going to openly say, "I don\'t like you people and I\'m going to hang a [Confederate] flag over my door to remind you I don\'t like you people," then I know not to eat at that business. How much cleaner is that than me sitting there and getting bad service for an hour and a half, complaining to the manager and nothing happening? Which one is more tormenting? The Confederate flag is literally more convenient. You save me 90 minutes. On growing up in Birmingham, Ala. I grew up ... on the Westside, the neighborhood is called West End 35211, one of the worst zip codes in the city in terms of crime statistics at the time. ... Pretty rough neighborhood. On the back side of the crack era. ... We moved in on the back end of white flight, so in the \'80s we had a couple of white neighbors but by the early \'90s and crack had really taken over it was pretty much an all-black neighborhood. The one thing I\'ve kind of joked about sometimes — but it\'s actually true — is that if you\'re going to live in gang territory it behooves you to live deep in gang territory, because where I lived in Birmingham, most of the shootings were happening where territories met, on borderlines almost, if you will. So there were a lot of bad people, but a lot of the bad stuff that happened in the hood happened more so on the outskirt areas in relation to where I lived. On how his basketball hoop growing up kept him safe from gang violence in the neighborhood  The saving grace for me in my neighborhood was that my parents bought me a really nice basketball goal. ... We had one of the few houses in the neighborhood with a two-car garage, a very wide two-car garage, which meant the way the goal was set up you could play almost half-court if you played off into the dirt off into the driveway. So we basically had half-court, and so all the gangbangers came to our house to shoot hoops, so I met everybody in the hood. ... My father was a radio personality in the city and he was highly respected. My dad was a civil rights journalist back in the \'60s and \'70s. Any march you can find any footage of, I\'m sure my dad is no more than two or three steps behind Dr. King, covering the march. And so when it comes to black political talk and when it comes to black political commentary and playing the blues and my dad did the morning news on the radio. My father was the voice of the city of Birmingham for a very long time. His name rang out. And out of respect to my father, guys would leave guns around the corner, they would leave their liquor up the street and when they came to our house it was Switzerland. So you might see a Vice Lord and a Gangster Disciple, it\'s plausible, right there in our driveway. And there\'s no drama, out of respect to my father and my mom. On his parents\' response to him sneaking Playboys I found some Playboys in the atti']>>  to "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Comic Roy Wood Jr. Taps Into America's Psyche On 'The Daily Show'"]"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Acting FBI Boss To Take Comey's Place At Senate Intel Hearing. -- Workers Take Jefferson Davis Statue Off Its Pedestal In New Orleans. -- Ex-Massey Energy CEO Completes 1-Year Federal Criminal Sentence. -- Dissident Rebels In Colombia Ignore Peace Treaty And Continue Extortion. And here are more early headlines: Tillerson Joins Arctic Nations Officials Meeting In Alaska. (AP) Montana Glaciers Shrinking At Tremendous Rate. (USGS) Venzuelan Protesters Fling Feces At Government Forces. (Washington Post) Energy Department To Study Tunnel Cave-In At Nuclear Waste Site. (NBC) VA Chief Says More Time Needed To End Veteran Homelessness. (AP) Boeing Halts New Plane Delivery To Test Potential Engine Problem. (Seattle Times)


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Question: One School District's Use Of Value-Added Analysis

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NPR's Robert Siegel talks to Donald Martin, superintendent of the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County School District in North Carolina, which has been using value-added analysis in evaluating its teachers for the past three years. Martin says the method is only one part of teacher evaluations, and that data collected is for internal use only.

Stories: 1) Lowering Medical Costs By Providing Better Care 2) Sargent Shriver: A Man Of Public Service


Question:
represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth

For example, '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details.', 'A Church Divided Over Gay Clergy: Report']' should have a representation like '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Episcopalians in the Fresno-based Diocese of San Joaquin decide Saturday whether to sever ties with their national denomination and align themselves with an Anglican branch overseas. A vote in favor of a split may lead San Joaquin to become the first diocese in the nation to completely secede from the U.S. church.']' but very far from '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2."]'.

Question: Art Critic Michael Kimmelman

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The show rebroadcasts a discussion on art and life with New York Times art critic Michael Kimmelman. Kimmelman is the author of "Portraits: Talking with Artists at the Met, the Modern, the Louvre and Elsewhere," and "The Accidental Masterpiece: On the Art of Life and Vice Versa."

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Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: Xfinity: It's Xtastic!

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Nothing like a good corporate rebranding. ValuJet became AirTran, Radio Shack became The Shack, Prince became Man Woman Ankh Thingy. Remember when Blackwater rebranded itself as "Xe," because no one could say anything bad about it if they couldn't pronounce it? Comcast is going in a similar, but possibly dumber direction this week, as at least parts of the company are becoming "Xfinity." Consumerist points out that it sure sounds a lot like a name for a company making porn. We're just upset because "Xfinity" was going to be Carl Kasell's rap name.

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Sick Sin City; Pain at the Pump; Zoom Out!


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Question: Eating Between The Lines: The Supermarket Shopper's Guide To The Truth Behind Food Labels

Guest: Kimberly Lord Stewart, Award Winning Food Journalist, Editor in Chief of Dining Out Magazine, and a Contributor to Natural Home magazine

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Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Cunard Stakes Future on Queen Mary 2

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The Queen Mary 2, the world's largest and most expensive cruise ship, arrives in Florida after completing her maiden transatlantic voyage from Southampton, England. Cunard Lines, owned by the giant Carnival corporation, hopes the luxury liner -- and the fanfare it's generating -- will reverse the company's flagging fortunes. Hear NPR's Phillip Davis.

Stories: 1) Venturing Inside Bellevue's Psychiatric ER 2) Capitalism's Paradoxes, Writ Personal On Film


Question: represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr E.g. '['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', "It's ScuttleButton Time!"]' == '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "I was planning to say something witty about the thought of Donald Trump moderating a presidential candidate debate, but what could I possibly say that would rival the fact that Donald Trump will be moderating a presidential candidate debate?  I mean, you can't make this stuff up. Nor should you make up the answer to this week's ScuttleButton puzzle.  You could get 15 minutes of fame with a correct answer. But, as I always say, you won't be able to achieve that if you don't know how to play. The   rules are simple.  Every      Wednesday on this site I put up a     vertical display of buttons.    Your    job is to simply take one word     (or   concept)  per  button, add      'em up, and,     hopefully, you    will  arrive at a   famous   name  or  a familiar expression. (And        seriously,  by familiar, I mean it's something         that      more than  one       person  on Earth would recognize.) For        years, a    correct   answer chosen at   random would get his or     her    name   posted in this   column, an incredible honor in itself.      Now the    stakes are  even  higher.  Thanks  to the efforts of the    folks  at Talk of the Nation, that person also  hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain.  Is this a great country or what? You can't  use the   comments box at the bottom  of  the page    for your answer.  Send   submission (plus your   name and   city/state — you   won't   win without that) to  politicaljunkie@npr.org. And,         by adding your name to    the Political                  Junkie mailing list,   you  will be among the first on your  block to              receive notice       about the column and the puzzle.  Sign up  at politicaljunkie@npr.org.          Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new        Junkie   post goes up by clicking here. Good                           luck! By           the way, I      usually reveal the answer — and announce the      winner  —     on   Wednesday's Junkie segment on TOTN.  So you should      get your    answer   in by   Tuesday. I was out of town last week.  Here's the answer to the most recent puzzle, which by the way did not include a single political button: Minnie Mouse pin — Mickey's longtime girlfriend. Drink Pepsi Today — Advertising button for the soft drink. The Ress Twins/Happy Birthday — Boy, does this button come in handy. So, when you combine Minnie + soda + twins,    you    kinda get   ... Minnesota Twins.  The baseball team that was once the Washington Senators until its move to Minnesota in 1961. And the winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Ardonna Manous of Portland, Ore. Ardonna gets a TOTN t-shirt."]' != '['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details.\n\n------\n\nFor instance, <<Major League Baseball came roaring back after the players\' strike of 1994, fueled in large measure by an epic home run battle between Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa in 1998. When Barry Bonds eclipsed the efforts of those two formidable sluggers by setting a new single-season homer record at 73, his feat seemed to cap an offensive explosion. But insiders and many astute fans had known for some time that something wasn\'t quite right with the grand old game. There was too much batting power, coming from too many previously obscure athletes. Howard Bryant\'s book Juicing the Game takes a deep and critically acclaimed look at how steroids crept into baseball and why they went unchecked for a decade. Bryant tells Scott Simon about the book. Excerpt from Chapter One More than anything else, they were tired of being losers, tired of getting sand kicked in their faces, tired of being the ones having to explain how they wound up on the canvas yet again, knocked out by a tougher, more glamorous, and always better organized opponent. Over time, they had come to be seen as the reason for everything that was wrong with baseball while shelling out hundreds of millions of dollars to players they alternately admired and loathed just for the privilege. They were baseball\'s owners, and as the spring of 1994 approached, it was obvious to everyone in the game, the players especially, that the warlike tone they\'d been cultivating for the previous four years had sharpened. The drumbeat grew. Confrontation was inevitable. \tMike Mussina, then an emerging pitching star and player representative for the Baltimore Orioles, was pessimistic about the upcoming season. Not because he doubted his own ability after winning thirty-two games over the previous two seasons, but because he sensed that his progress would be interrupted in 1994. The leaders of the labor movement on the players\' side, labor stalwarts such as Dave Winfield and Paul Molitor, had seen this tense landscape before. Winfield remembered playing the game before the players had won the right to sell their services via free agency. Others, such as Mussina\'s Oriole teammate Cal Ripken Jr., were still angered by collusion, the years from 1985 to 1987 when the owners were found guilty of acting in concert not to sign available free agents. The word in clubhouses around the league was that a strike wasn\'t merely possible, it was unavoidable. \tThe owners were planning a major offensive against the players. At the end of 1993, they had bragged about the nearly billion-dollar war chest they had built in anticipation of a final showdown not just with the players, but especially with the leadership of the Players Association. Ownership hardliners from Phillies\' CEO David Montgomery to the White Sox\'s Jerry Reinsdorf made it clear that they planned to strong-arm the players into implementing a salary cap, a line in the sand issue that was, in effect, a declaration of war. Arbitration, the system that entitled players to a salary increase determined by an independent arbiter after their third season in the majors, three years before they were eligible to become full-fledged free agents, also had to go. A new world order was what baseball\'s owners had in mind, one that finally placed some cost controls on the game, making it more like football and basketball, the two rival sports that had already implemented salary caps, which served primarily to protect recklessly spending owners from themselves. \tMussina knew what all of this meant. In addition to holding an economics degree from Stanford University, which made him something of a loner in a sport in which most players were signed straight out of high school, he had been schooled well in the game\'s labor history by veteran teammates such as Ripken and Rick Sutcliffe. They spelled it out for him and the rest of the younger Orioles who hadn\'t yet gone through a round of labor negotiations: Ownership was trying to undo every advance the players had enjoyed over the previous quarter century. Despite the effect it might have on his own emergence within the league, or upon the success being enjoyed by his team (due in large part to the stunning new Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the envy of all of baseball), Mussina was convinced the only way to avoid ownership\'s imposition of unilateral changes to the game\'s economic structure was for the players to strike before the owners locked the players out and forced them to accept the new terms. IF MUSSINA perceived the owners\' aggression, former commissioner Fay Vincent had already felt its effects. A year earlier, Vincent had resigned the commissionership under the pressure of an owner revolt against him. Vincent came to believe that, more than any individual transgression, this new, league-wide hostility on the part of ownership was what cost him his job. He was especially aware of the enmity between himself and the Angels\' Jackie Autry and Milwaukee\'s Bud Selig. "They thought," Vincent said, "that if >>  to "\'Juicing the Game\' Slams Baseball\'s Steroid Era"', "Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas."]'

Question: Amid Rubble And Ruin, Our Duty To Haiti Remains

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Gina Athena Ulysse was born in Petionville, Haiti. Trained as an anthropologist, she is also a poet/performer and multimedia artist. Haiti is the main focus of her works. She is a current faculty member at Wesleyan University. Words are especially difficult to come by in a state of numbness. My response to the outpouring of calls and e-mails from concerned friends has become something of a mantra. No, still no news yet. We have not been able to make contact with anyone. To stay sane, I have resigned myself to accepting that my immediate family will not come out of this without loss. And even if we did, the lives of the already departed and sheer magnitude of the devastation are enough to keep me catatonic. You see, I was just in Haiti the week before Christmas. I went to the Ghetto Biennale of the Grand Rue artists. I returned from what I boasted was my best trip ever full of hope about the future. The reason for my optimism was encounters with people from Cite Soleil. Through INURED, a research institute, I met 10 students who received scholarships to study in Brazil and members of a community forum that has been actively engaged in dialogue in attempts to build a broader coalition beyond politics. Their work renewed my dedication to participating in building the country again. I made a commitment to raise funds to make sure both of these efforts are successful. Hope is not something that one often associates with Haiti. An anthropologist and critic of representations of the island, I have often questioned narratives that reduce Haiti to simple categories and in the process dehumanize Haitians. Yes, we may be the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere, but there is life there, love and an undeniable and unbeatable spirit of creative survivalism. I have heard cries of why Haiti and why now or that this could have been avoided. Narratives of blame may be explanatory, but at this time they are not constructive. Since our inception as a sovereign state early in the 19th century, we have faced obstacles. We have had to build and rebuild before. I am worried about Haiti's future. In the immediate moment we need help, rescue missions of all kinds. I am concerned about weeks from now when we are no longer front-page news. Without long-term efforts, we will simply not be able to rebuild. What will happen then? My first response to seeing post-quake pictures of the capital was to ask how will they build factories with this devastation. In the past year, the United Nations and special envoy Bill Clinton's plans to help develop the country's economy have virtually ignored dissent on the ground that called for a more humane approach that would not re-create the same exploitive labor relations that continue to serve the wealthy. Haiti's government, with its absence of structure, cannot be ignored as it is in desperate need of reinforcement and civil space needs to be nurtured. The folks I met last month had one response when I asked why despite their personal hardships, they chose to engage in community-building. In Creole or in French, they replied, "C'est mon Devoir" (it is my duty). I was charmed by the phrase, its elegance and matter-of-factness. On this side of the water, I hold on to their words today as a sign that there is will in Haiti. When long-term efforts are on the way, the international community, too, must see it as its duty to not re-create the mistakes of the past.

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Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: An Ancient Curse Awakens In 'The Suffering Tree'

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Examples:
Provided: "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', "President Trump's call to boost pandemic relief payments to $2,000 remains stuck in the Senate. Economists say there are more targeted ways to provide help to the people who need it most."]" Match: "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Economics Of Latest Pandemic Relief Bill']"

A family curse, a resurrection, and a vengeful witch form the Southern Gothic backbone of The Suffering Tree. Tori's family fractured when her father died and left them financially adrift, so it seems like a miracle when she, her mother, and her brother inherit an old house in rural Maryland. But they soon discover that the sprawling Slaughter family owns all the land surrounding theirs, and they still believe they have the right to Tori's new home. Tori has her own problems. She's trying to overcome the compulsion to cut herself — the only thing that lets her feel like she's in control. One night, overwhelmed, she sneaks out to the old cemetery behind the house to escape her mother's watchful eyes. She cuts too deep, and when her blood falls onto the earth beneath the cemetery's ancient tree, it awakens a curse, bringing back a boy who's lain dead for centuries. That boy is Nathaniel Bishop, an indentured servant who served the Slaughter family until they murdered him. Now his fate is entwined with theirs, thanks to the girl he loved, a witch named Emmeline, who set a spell to bring him back. With his help, Tori begins to unravel the mystery of the Slaughter family, the curse that follows them, and her own connection to it. An ancient family curse cast by a defiant witch is pretty much a guaranteed win for me. It's a timeless premise for this kind of mystery, allowing the brutalities of the past to explain the dysfunctions of the present. The Suffering Tree does not disappoint in this regard, deftly twining historical narrative with Tori's journey of self-discovery, creating a stark atmosphere ripe with distrust and unease. Fans of the "man out of time" trope will find a lot to like in Nathaniel, who broods his way reluctantly into the modern world and slowly finds a few things worth living for. He doesn't spend too much time wringing his hands over modernity, and his relationship with Tori has a charmingly morbid sweetness. They are both covered in scars, both physical and emotional, and it's easy to hope that they will be a balm for each other. The book makes some effort with LGBTQ representation, and it tackles fairly challenging aspects of mental health. Cosimano's graphic depictions of cutting feel nuanced, creating a compassionate portrait of Tori's struggle. It forms the delicate heartbeat at the center of the story, and though it does tempt us to link mental illness and magic, it feels too raw to be anything but painful. One thing kept bothering me as I read: Nathaniel and Emmeline are white indentured servants. The colonial Slaughters also owned slaves, but we see them only as secondary characters — most notably Ruth, who forms a close relationship with Emmeline. It's difficult to avoid comparing her experience with that of Nathaniel and Emmeline and feeling that we're meant to think they're all in the same terrible situation. But slavery was far more brutal and terrible than indentured servitude, and its ramifications continue to this day. Dealing with issues of race is unavoidable when writing historical fiction set in America, particularly when it's in the South. There's nothing inherently wrong with telling a story about white indentured servants, but I do wish that The Suffering Tree had tackled issues of race more directly, perhaps with more racial diversity in its modern setting. If we're talking about history's legacy of violence, we can't sweep slavery and its lasting impact to the sidelines. Caitlyn Paxson is a writer and performer. She is an editor at Goblin Fruit, and can be found discussing folklore and pop culture on the Fakelore Podcast.

Stories: 1) Getting To Know The Animal Families Of 'Earth' 2) Robert Sullivan, In The Alleys With 'Rats' 3) Up Close And Personal With The Dung Beetle


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Question: The Nevada Home of the Predator Drone Craft

The Predator has emerged as one of the most useful weapons in the U.S. military's arsenal. The tiny Unmanned Aerial Vehicle played a role in catching Saddam Hussein, in killing a high-profile al Qaeda suspect in Pakistan this spring, and in trying to find the Navy SEAL team that went missing in Afghanistan this summer. But the pilots who actually fly the Predator are far from the action. They're sprawled in leather armchairs planted in trailers, in the middle of the desert in Nevada. NPR's Mary Louise Kelly visits the home of the Predator outside Las Vegas, for this look at how the Predator works and how it's being adapted for new challenges, like detecting explosives in Iraq.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Crank Caller; Tremendous History Month; The Hairball Group


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Question: After The FIFA 2010 World Cup Ends: Blues, Depression And A Hangover

Now that the 2010 FIFA World Cup is over, it's time for journalists to pen their postmortems. This happens after every major, multi-billion-dollar sporting event. Remember Beijing? Reporters ask, variously: Was the event a success? Was South Africa's investment worth it? How long will the World Cup legacy last?  "As host of the most-watched sporting event on earth, South Africa set out to reinvent itself in the eyes of the world, casting off its reputation as a place defined by violent crime, poverty and AIDS," Celia W. Dugger, of The New York Times, reports. "To a remarkable degree, it succeeded." In advance of the event, the country oversaw extensive renovations and new construction. For a month, it juggled logistics at ten large venues. Like every host country, South Africa tried to present itself as positively as possible, highlighting glitzy hotels, a more-efficient public transportation systems, and its spectacular landscape. Who will forget the remarkable piece of stagecraft from yesterday's final, when Nelson Mandela and his wife were wheeled across the pitch in a golf cart, to thunderous applause and, yes, the loud drone of vuvuzelas? So, what happens next? Continued optimism? Immediate remorse? According to Dugger, "many South Africans wish the rollicking World Cup ride did not have to end and already asking whether the nation can muster the same unity and can-do spirit to tackle its far more intractable problems."  But for now, they are savoring sweet victory for the country.  NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton is in Johannesburg. She notes that, "in the past few days, there's been much negative psychological talk here about post-tournament blues, depression and a long World Cup hangover in South Africa."  Analysts have been consulted and confirm this is inevitable and that the World Cup high remains for only so long, before the low sets in.  How long? According to Bloomberg's Garth Theunissen, the economic fallout may have begun already: "The rand weakened for a second day against the dollar after precious metal prices declined and investors speculated positive sentiments toward South Africa will dissipate following the end of the soccer World Cup."

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Question: Executive Power: Laws And Limits

Experts say Paul Manafort's guilty verdict and Michael Cohen's guilty plea are turning up the heat on President Trump.Cohen, Trump's former personal lawyer and fixer, pleaded guilty Tuesday to campaign finance violations in relation to payments to two women who claimed to have had a sexual relationship with Trump — and said he paid them on Trump's orders.   The same day, Trump's former campaign chairman Paul Manafort was found guilty on eight counts of financial crimes.But conditions have looked bad for the president before.Just last month, there was the Helsinki news conference. His zero-tolerance policy of separating families at the border sparked widespread outrage. Early in his presidency, he accused President Obama of wiretapping him without evidence. And when Trump was still a candidate, we heard the infamous tape of him talking about groping women.President Trump has survived scandal after scandal. Will the latest be any different? Is impeachment on the table? What about other political and legal consequences? Or, is all of this distracting from the fact that Trump is exactly the president his voter base hoped for?

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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'['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth!', 'The Jamestown Project']' == '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University']' != '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR!', 'The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology']'

Question: History Makes Hiring Household Help A Complex Choice

Sheryl Sandberg's best-seller Lean In has sparked a national debate among women about reaching for success in the workplace. But in order for women to lean in to their ambition and spend the arduous hours embracing the success Sandberg urges them to, they need to lean on support at home. That often comes in the form of household help — the housekeeper or nanny. But because being the help has figured large in the history of African-American women, some who are in the position to lean in are torn about hiring domestic employees. That ambivalence was reflected back in 1975, when America met George and Louise Jefferson. In the maiden episode of their now-iconic TV series, the Jeffersons were, as the title song indicated, "movin' on up ... to that dee-luxe apartment in the sky." The black middle class had begun to expand, and George and Weezy, now affluent from several dry cleaning businesses, were moving into a high rise on Manhattan's swank Upper East Side. The tension in that first show revolved around who was going to clean the shiny new palace. George pressed hard for Louise to hire a black maid she'd met in the elevator; Louise refused. She reminded George that when they were a young married couple, she did domestic work a couple of times a week, and had to "yes ma'am, no ma'am" the white woman who employed her. "How can I ask Diane to say 'yes ma'am to me?' " she fretted. "Easy," George replied. " 'Cause now you're the ma'am!" Louise Jefferson was reflecting the real-life ambivalence many African-American women have about being the ma'am. After more than a century of working as domestics because of restricted employment options, black women's communal memory of often being taken advantage of economically and sometimes sexually can still be painful. It doesn't help that the media images of black maids and nannies through the ages tended to run a narrow gamut: self-sacrificing mammy figure at one end, eye-rolling sass pot at the other. (From Hattie McDaniel's patient Beulah to Marla Gibbs as the Jeffersons' wisecracking Florence.) Duchess Harris, a professor of American studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn., says history haunts many black women who might want household help but hesitate to hire it. From the end of slavery to the end of World War I, Harris says, "the job that black American women could get was being domestics. They were often incredibly disrespected." She knows this because Harris has heard the tales firsthand: "My paternal grandmother was a domestic," she says. "So for a lot of black American women, we can't let [the memories of] that go." Harris definitely needs help. In addition to teaching history at Macalester, she also lectures at a nearby law school and is on the speakers' circuit. Her husband is a surgeon and spends long hours at the hospital. Their domestics have been au pairs from Europe who are part of an exchange program, and they're part of the team that watches over the Harris' three children. The au pair arrangement works well for Harris and her immediate family, but, she says, her extended family and friends are not shy about telling her what they think. "I find that black Americans are open with how uncomfortable it would make them to have someone living in their home of a different race," she admits. Solange Bumbaugh isn't as worried about race or ethnicity as she is about class. She and her husband agreed to hire a housekeeper several years ago to ensure domestic tranquility — no more fighting over who cleans what. But Bumbaugh still feels bad sometimes about asking for specific chores to be done. Knowing that communal history, "It feels uncomfortable, being on this side of the divide." Then Bumbaugh shakes herself, and acknowledges reality: "That's clearly why [the housekeeper] is here, to make money for her children." Maria Reyes has some advice for Bumbaugh: How you treat your housekeeper is more important than the fact that you have one. Reyes is a former housekeeper and nanny who now works on the staff of the National Domestic Workers Alliance, the union for household staff, many of whom are immigrants. She's had good and bad employers of all ethnicities, Reyes says, and that doesn't matter: "What matters is that as an employee, you be treated with dignity and respect." But sometimes respect is a subjective thing. Natalie Preston-Washington is a marketing and communications specialist at a university in Florida, and when she had her first baby, she looked for someone to come to her home monthly for large-scale cleaning. She hired a husband-and-wife team who were African-American and about her age. They had a cordial relationship — until she couldn't be home one day and left a to-do list for the couple. "My list was not well-received," Preston-Washington sighs. Looking back on it, Preston-Washington says the problem might have been boundaries: "I feel like they treated me like it was a personal relationship, rather than a professional one." She figured the c

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Question: Look! On The Web! The 'Comic Book Nerd Lawyers!'

If you've ever wondered whether Robin — Batman's sidekick, that is — was the victim of child endangerment (maybe) or thought that some superheroes (especially mutants) might be discriminated, there's a blog for you. And even if superheroes aren't your thing, it still could be both fun and educational. It's Law and the Multiverse, and on All Things Considered today self-described "comic book nerd lawyers" James Daily and Ryan Davidson explain to host Melissa Block why they've decided to explore "the hypothetical legal ramifications of comic book tropes, characters, and powers." It began, Daily says, with a dinner conversation about "whether privacy rights would have to be different on Krypton if other people had x-ray vision." A friend said he should blog about that and things took off from there. As The New York Times wrote in December, the blog's posts can be "dry, technical and funny in their earnestness." And as you might imagine since superheroes do tend to cause a lot of damage when they work, Daily and Davidson have posted a lot about torts — from whether a superhero could be legally liable for deflecting a bullet that then injures a bystander (no) to whether a superhero can be held liable for not responding to someone in need (probably not). But is there any practical side to this? Yes, says Daily. The blog lets them "educate people about the law." And, adds Davidson, they can use "rich, detailed stories" when doing it. Here's some of the conversation they had with ATC host Melissa: There will be more on today's edition of ATC, and we'll add the as-broadcast version of the conversation to this post later. MELISSA BLOCK, host:  Holy moley, Batman. As the Caped Crusader and his superhero colleagues take on the dark forces of crime, they can sometimes leave a big mess or fly into FAA-regulated airspace. In which case, it's good to have expert legal counsel backing you up.  Two self-described comic book nerd lawyers are on the case: James Daily of St. Louis, Missouri; and Ryan Davidson of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Together, they've created a blog called Law and the Multiverse: Superheroes, Supervillains, and the Law. Hello to you both.  Mr. JAMES DAILY (Blogger): Hello.  Mr. RYAN DAVIDSON (Blogger): Good afternoon.  BLOCK: How did all this start?  Mr. DAILY: I was having dinner with some friends of mine and my wife, and we talked about some of the early topics from the blog and one topic that didn't quite make it to the blog, which was whether privacy rights would have to be different on Krypton if all the people had X-ray vision.  BLOCK: This is just dinner party conversation in St. Louis?  Mr. DAILY: Right. And a friend of mine suggested that I should start a blog about it and that he would read it, and that would be at least one person.  BLOCK: There you go.  Mr. DAILY: I definitely didn't expect it to be quite as popular as it has been. But it's proved to have a great deal of appeal to both attorneys, law professors, law students but also people who are just fans of comic books or interesting discussion of this kind of topic.  BLOCK: And, Ryan, how did you get involved?  Mr. DAVIDSON: Well, both James and I participate on the website Metafilter, and he posted a link to the project section of that site. And I try and keep track of the other lawyers on there and saw that he had put this up and thought: Wow, this is really, really fun. I have to see if I can get in touch with James. And so I did, and we started writing in early December.  BLOCK: You know, it's fun to look through the blog because you get questions from your readership. I guess there are a lot of, you know, comic book nerd lawyers out there who wonder the same things you do. And I liked this one. It was somebody who's interested in the interaction between time travel and suspended animation, connections with the statute of limitations.  And here's the case that he or she wanted answered: If a character commits a crime, is frozen for the duration of the statute of limitations and then thawed out, are they still culpable? What's the answer?  Mr. DAILY: It depends on where they disappear to. If they hide in a cave somewhere with their suspended animation device, I think that that's probably pretty similar to just hiding in the cave with a bunch of cans of food and hoping for the best.  The statute of limitations is tolled or paused when someone flees from justice, is the usual standard. And I think that if you are hiding yourself when you go into suspended animation, well, that's probably fleeing from justice.  If it's well-known that you happen to be in suspended animation, and the police are able to remove you from that state, well, then the statute of limitations probably does apply, and you would get away with it.  But that's usually not the case in the comic books. People seem to be in their secret lairs or what-have-you with their devices.  BLOCK: Apart from getting to exercise your passion for comic books and superheroes, is there a real

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Question: Biden Announces Deal For 200 Million More COVID-19 Vaccines

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For example, ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'Akash Kapur is the son of an Indian father and an American mother. In 2003, after working professionally in New York City for more than a decade, he decided to return to India. As he writes in his book, India Becoming: A Portrait of Life in Modern India, he arrived in a place he hardly recognized.  "The East Coast Road has changed. Twenty-five years ago, when I was a child growing up at its edge, it was a potholed tar road that meandered across the South Indian countryside, cutting through rice fields and coconut plantations and sleepy fishing villages [...] By the time I moved back to India in the winter of 2003, after more than a decade in America, the country road I knew as a child had become a 160-kilometer highway. Politicians extolled it as a model for modern India — an ambitious collaboration between government and private companies, the kind of infrastructure the country needed to develop its economy [...] Some of the rice fields remain, and the views are still beautiful. But much of the countryside has given way to the promised development — beach resorts, open-air restaurants, movie theatres and scores of small tea shops catering to the tourists that throng the road on weekends."  Shifting Roles Akash Kapur told weekend All Things Considered host Guy Raz that India\'s transformation began more than two decades ago. "In 1991 the country sort of went through this economic crisis, and it was forced to liberalize its economy in many ways," he says. "And that really unleashed this amazing economic boom. And I think it was toward the end of the 1990s that the effects of that boom started being felt in a more cultural or social way." Kapur tells the story of India\'s development through the stories of several characters living there. One of the women he profiles is Veena, an ambitious, successful marketing professional who lives in Bangalore. You wouldn\'t know she grew up in a very traditional, conservative household, Kapur says. "She was basically a housewife to her husband and her husband had a career," he says. Kapur explains that Veena then broke the pattern of her life and divorced her husband, moved to a bigger city and had a live-in boyfriend. "[Veena] struggles with these issues of family versus career and things like that that an earlier generation of women didn\'t struggle with in India," Kapur says. Women like Veena are at the forefront of India\'s transformation, Kapur says. They are embracing the idea that they have a right to live as individuals. Caste Changes Of course not everyone in India is happy with the economic and cultural development Kapur describes in his book. One man, Sathay, who Kapur has known since childhood, is somewhat bothered by how India\'s development has changed his life. Sathay, Kapur explains, is a zamindar, an ancestral feudal landlord. He and his ancestors effectively controlled more than 75 villages in southern India. "As India\'s changed, as it\'s become more meritocratic, as it\'s become more individualistic, that feudal order has been erased," Kapur says, "and [people like Sathay are] watching the erosion of their traditional authority." While Satahy is not as respected and powerful as he once was, Kapur says the landlord recognizes that the economic development in India is helping to lift many people out of poverty. Moving Up Kapur writes in India Becoming that the poorest in India, known in the past as "untouchables," are moving up in society. "Caste oppression still exists in India," Kapur explains, but there are people who have been able to break out of the system. One such man Kapur talks about in his book is Das. Das was born a Dalit, the caste formerly known as "untouchables." He grew up in a village called Molasur, living in a small single-room hut with 12 family members. As a boy, Kapur says Das was restricted to certain parts of the village. Kapur says access to education and employment, and a greater degree of individualism have made it possible for Das to succeed. "He moved to the city, he got a history degree, he moved back to his village, got into real estate, made money," Kapur says. When Kapur asked Das how it was possible that his life had changed so drastically, he replied: "What can I tell you, my life is a miracle, my life is one of the miracles of the world."'] should be similar to ['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'India: A Country In The Midst Of Change']

President Biden has finalized deals to buy 200 million more COVID-19 vaccine doses from Pfizer and Moderna by the end of July, increasing the likelihood of delivering on his promise to have all Americans inoculated by mid-summer. Biden announced the latest deals, which are part of a plan he unveiled two weeks ago, during remarks made at the National Institutes of Health on Thursday.  "We've now purchased enough vaccine supplies to vaccinate all Americans," Biden said. "Now we're working to get those vaccines into the arms of millions of people." Additionally, Biden said, Pfizer and Moderna have agreed to expedite the delivery of 100 million doses each by a month — moving them up to May instead of June.  "That's a month faster," Biden said. "That means lives will be saved." The new orders of the vaccines come on top of doses that are already scheduled to be delivered by the two companies in March. "That means we're now on track to have enough supply for 300 million Americans." The aggressive push to increase the supply of hard-to-come by lifesaving injections is part of the "around the clock work" of the new administration and the nation's leading health care officials, he said.  "In just three weeks we've deployed over 1,000 federal staff at vaccination sites around the country," Biden added.  Among the many setbacks his administration faced upon entering office and taking the reins of the pandemic, the president noted he was misled about the true supply of vaccines obtained by the Trump administration.  "My predecessor, to be very blunt about it, did not do his job," Biden said. "We won't have everything fixed for a while. But we're going to fix it." Biden added: "What I was upset with was not having all the facts that were available to the last outfit. We were under the distinct impression there were significantly more vaccines available to begin to be distributed." Even more relief may come from Johnson & Johnson, which has developed a vaccine that can inoculate recipients with a single dose. That company is prepared to deliver 100 million more doses upon authorization from the Food and Drug Administration.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Afghan Govt. Suspends Talks; Taliban Attack Kills 4 Soldiers. -- Heat, Spurs Headed To Game 7 After Stunning Game 6. And here are more early headlines: Federal Reserve Policymakers To Release Economic Forecast Today. (Bloomberg) Thousands Of Brazilian Protesters Turn Out Again In Sao Paulo. (The Associated Press) Al Qaida Militants Attack U.N. Compound In Somalia. (Los Angeles Times) UN Report: More Than 45 Million Refugees In 2012, An 'Unseen Level.' (The Guardian) Heavy Flooding In France Kills 1, Closes Lourdes To Religious Pilgrims. (France24) American Medical Association Declares Obesity A Disease. (USA Today) Danielle Bradbery Crowned Winner Of 'The Voice.' (People) Man Pleads Guilty To Smuggling Snakes On A Plane. (KXAS)


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Question: Vultures Prey On Surgery Patients' Peace Of Mind

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Vultures prey on surgery patients' peace of mind, and more news worth an honorable mention. On our blog, links to these stories. ALISON STEWART, host:  Hey, thank you for listening to the Bryant Park Project from NPR News, online all the time at npr.org/bryantpark. I'm Alison Stewart, and one of the things we always wanted to do with the show is we didn't - we wanted to be a news show that didn't discriminate, that - the definition of news was broad, and I think we perhaps made it broader everyday during The Ramble.  PATRICIA MCKINNEY: I'm a broad.  STEWART: I'm a broad. Two broads, doing The Ramble, let's hit it.  (Soundbite of music)  STEWART: This is editor Tricia McKinney...  MCKINNEY: Hello.  STEWART: Who is going to Ramble with me today, our guiding force, our editorial force of the show.  MCKINNEY: Yeah. So, let's Ramble to Beijing, shall we?  STEWART: Yes, we shall.  MCKINNEY: You know, there's some Olympic Games going to be happening there fairly soon.  STEWART: I heard something about that.  MCKINNEY: So, you know, we've done a lot of stories, actually, in The Ramble about things that China is doing to prepare the people of Beijing for foreign tourists.  STEWART: Right. They had to learn how to stand in lines, was one of them.  MCKINNEY: Yes, yes.  STEWART: Pollution issues.  MCKINNEY: Yes. And you know, things like renaming items on menus so that people who are - you know, like, retranslating things into words so that people here, especially in the U.S., understand. Well, the latest one is there's a new campaign of the List of Eight Don't-Asks. So, people of Beijing are not supposed to ask foreign tourists some questions that apparently are common to ask each other in China. So, you're not - according to List of Eight Don't-Asks, they're not supposed to ask people about their income.  STEWART: Huh?  MCKINNEY: It's like people - I don't know, do people just walk up to you and ask how much money you make? I don't know. Don't ask about age.  STEWART: OK.  MCKINNEY: I like that one.  STEWART: I broke that rule yesterday. I asked somebody how old they were.  (Soundbite of laughter)  MCKINNEY: Oh, really? You can ask somebody that if you - if you think they look a lot younger than they are, I think. Don't ask about love life or marriage. Don't ask about health, which I think is weird. Can you say, how are you? Maybe you can't ask probing questions about people's health. Don't ask about someone's home or address. Don't ask about personal experience. Don't ask about religious beliefs or political views. That one makes sense.  STEWART: Yeah.  MCKINNEY: And don't ask what someone does. It's all in this poster that they put out of Olympic etiquette.  STEWART: I like the blogger who said, are there eight don't-tells?  MCKINNEY: Yeah, right.  (Soundbite of laughter)  MCKINNEY: Yeah, a bunch of people have responded on different blogs, and this is all in a Reuters story, and one of them was, like, I want one of these - I want my housekeeper to read it. Perhaps then she can stop asking me how much everything is.  (Soundbite of laughter)  STEWART: My next Ramble. Apparently, the FBI is celebrating its centennial, and as a part of it, there's a list of 10 myths about the FBI. This list is circulating. Now, what makes me laugh is that this is from the FBI's website, so...  MCKINNEY: That would be called a tautology.  (Soundbite of laughter)  STEWART: There you go. That's why she's the editor.  MCKINNEY: I went to grad school.  STEWART: Some of the myths, for example, myth number nine, the FBI has an X-files.  MCKINNEY: They don't?  STEWART: They say they do not have an X-files, but listen, every paragraph has a sort of - well, here's this line...  MCKINNEY: Mulder?  STEWART: Yes, we do have files on some unusual phenomena, like cattle mutilation, UFOs, and Roswell, but generally only because people reported something and we made a file of it. That's one of them. The other one is myth number four, the Bureau routinely spies on the American people. They say, no, they don't!  MCKINNEY: Of course they say, no, they don't.  STEWART: But - here's the sentence - it's always been a delicate balance between harnessing the tools at our disposal to solve crimes and prevent attacks and upholding the civil liberties of Americans. Over the course of a century, we've made some mistakes.  (Soundbite of laughter)  MCKINNEY: Nice.  STEWART: But they've been few and far between compared to the vast amount of work we do every day.  MCKINNEY: I believe that.  STEWART: So, that's at fbi.gov, if you want to read the list.  MCKINNEY: All right. I have one. So, how'd you like to go to a hospital where there are vultures outside your window?  (Soundbite of laughter)  STEWART: I love this story. This is such a funny story.  MCKINNEY: This is from the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. So, it's a - there's a hospital, an orthopedic hospital in Wisconsin, I think it's in a Milwaukee suburb, and apparently, vultures have recently started congregating

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['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Hong Kong\'s legislature has passed a bill making it a crime to poke fun at China\'s national anthem — a move that puts new limits on anniversary events marking the Tiananmen Square massacre. Under the ban, it is illegal to alter the lyrics of the anthem, or to sing it "in a distorted or disrespectful way." The Beijing-backed anthem bill was initially introduced in January 2019, but it wasn\'t approved until Thursday — the 31st anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre in Beijing. Making parodies of the Chinese national anthem has been a popular mode of protest; it\'s now punishable by up to three years in prison and hefty fines. On the night of June 4, 1989, China\'s military killed untold numbers of civilians and students in Beijing who were protesting for democratic and economic reforms. Talking about that night is forbidden in China, but for three decades, Hong Kong activists have held a rally every year to commemorate the crackdown\'s victims — until this year. The anniversary normally brings massive crowds of people to Hong Kong\'s Victoria Park, many of them shouting, "Vindicate June 4! Justice will prevail!" But this year\'s rallies were officially canceled: Police denied organizers the permission to congregate, citing coronavirus prevention guidelines. Even so, rally organizers encouraged people to gather in the park Thursday, risking fines and arrests. Videos and images from the scene show thousands of people filling Victoria Park as night fell in Causeway Bay. At least eight churches across Hong Kong are also hosting commemorative events; organizers are encouraging people who stay home to light a candle in remembrance of those who died. Hong Kong\'s pan-democrats say the ban on the customary vigil is another sign of Beijing\'s control — an influence exemplified by a national security measure banning dissent, which Beijing wants to implement in Hong Kong. "It\'s a direct result of China taking the wrong path after the Tiananmen massacre," says Zhou Fengsuo, who was one of the main student leaders in the sit-in protest movement in Tiananmen Square. The unraveling of Hong Kong\'s autonomy has its roots in that summer of 1989, Zhou says. "With this massacre and the CCP in power, there is no guarantee, no protection for Hong Kong\'s freedom," he says. Wang Chaohua was another student leader in the 1989 demonstrations. She recalls how Hong Kong students who were then visiting Beijing pledged their support. To win democratic rights in Beijing, after all, might mean democracy could happen in the then-British colony of Hong Kong, as well. At the time, Wang says, "We thought we had better democracy in the mainland than in Hong Kong. Hong Kong had not had much and it was still a colony." When Wang fled China after June 4, she passed through Hong Kong. She wasn\'t alone: Sympathetic Hong Kongers ended up smuggling an estimated 400 activists to the U.S. and elsewhere. At the same time, the Tiananmen protests prompted a suspension of drafters who were hashing out the Basic Law, Hong Kong\'s mini-constitution. It\'s now the strongest legal protection for the city\'s autonomy. Two drafters who expressed support for the protests were kicked out of the committee; two others resigned. And Beijing took control of the drafting process, adding language to two articles in the Basic Law to criminalize subversion and allow Beijing to apply its laws in Hong Kong on national security grounds — provisions more relevant than ever today. "People realized this is a question of what you want to fight for, not a question of what deal you want to make with Beijing," Wang says. During debate over the national anthem bill in a legislative session last May, a council member expressed their view "that Hong Kong people should not be forced to respect the national anthem and the country through law and punishment," according to minutes summarizing the meeting.  But in Thursday\'s vote, the council rejected more than 20 attempts to amend the bill and voted to adopt the ban, further reshaping Hong Kong\'s relationship with mainland China.'] == ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR.', "On Tiananmen Anniversary, Hong Kong Criminalizes Mocking China's National Anthem"]

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Question: 'The Last Kings Of Shanghai' Delves Into Role Of Competing Jewish Business Empires

A new book looks at the history of China’s development and the important role played by two Jewish families with massive business empires. Here & Now’s Robin Young speaks with Jonathan Kaufman, author of “The Last Kings of Shanghai: The Rival Jewish Dynasties That Helped Create Modern China.” He is also director of the journalism school at Northeastern University. Book Excerpt: ‘The Last Kings Of Shanghai’ By Jonathan Kaufman  It was a muggy late-summer day in 1979 when I stepped out of the Shanghai heat into the cool marble lobby of the Peace Hotel. I was twenty-three years old, a fledgling foreign correspondent on assignment. The United States had just established diplomatic relations with China after thirty years of the Cold War. China had begun opening itself to the world. The hotel sat on a curve of the Bund, the pedestrian promenade that runs along the busy Huangpu River waterfront. Its façade, like the prow of a mighty ship, jutted toward the sea, anchoring a skyline of art deco buildings that overlooked the river below. China was preserved in amber, circa 1949, the year the Communists seized power and “liberated” the country from capitalism and foreign invasions. Everything was cast in black and white. No billboards or advertising or colorful storefronts enlivened the streets. Sturdy, thick, black-framed bicycles thronged the roadways, interrupted occasionally by boxy black roadsters. Chinese men and women alike wore white shirts and stiff dark-blue Mao suits draped over their frames. All the clothes looked one size too big. For thirty years, China had been cut off from the world, certainly from most Americans. If Shanghai back in 1979 was a black-and-white movie with stilted dialogue, stepping into the Peace Hotel was like entering a 1940s movie. In color. With French subtitles. Chandeliers hung from the vaulted ceilings. Wall sconces ran along corridors leading from the lobby, illuminating the path to marble and carpeted stairways. Off in a corner, a poster advertised a nightly jazz band. I walked toward the bank of elevators. An elderly bellhop, dressed in white pants, a cropped white jacket, and a small white cap, stepped up to me.      “Puis‑je vous aider? Que voulez-vous voir?” Can I help you? What would you like to see?      “Je ne parle pas français,” I stammered back in long-forgotten high school French.      “Quel dommage,” he said with a smile. What a pity. What was this place? What was this relic of European luxury—even hedonism—embalmed in a city, and a country, that thirty years of Communist totalitarianism had turned drab, egalitarian, regimented, and a little kooky? A decade passed before I visited Shanghai again. It was 1989, a few days after the Tiananmen Square massacre that killed hundreds of students in Beijing and sent the rest of China into shock and armed lockdown. I spent much of my time speaking furtively to students and other Chinese. One of the few official visits I was allowed was a tour of the “Children’s Palace.” I knew it would be an innocuous and obviously staged contrast to the anger that was seething outside: Chinese children playing piano and taking ballet lessons—a forced normalcy. I was right about the propaganda, but the “palace” overwhelmed me. It was a European-style mansion, a “great house” that wouldn’t have been out of place on the outskirts of Paris or London: soaring ceilings and elaborate chandeliers, sumptuous room after sumptuous room with inlaid wooden floors, elegant wainscoting, and fireplaces. It felt like the home of a British noble family. That’s not surprising, my Chinese guide told me earnestly. For twenty-five years, from 1924 until the Communist takeover in 1949, it had been home to a rich British capitalist family—the Kadoories. I stopped. The Kadoories? I knew from my time in Hong Kong that the Kadoories—led by Sir Lawrence Kadoorie—were one of the city’s richest and most powerful families, owners of the legendary Peninsula Hotel with its elegant lobby, afternoon teas, and exquisite—and expensive—rooms. The Kadoories also owned Hong Kong’s largest electric company.  They were “taipans”—a leftover colonial term that conveyed power and money and roots that stretched back to the Opium Wars. They weren’t just British. I knew, in fact, that they were Jewish. So too was the man who had built the Peace Hotel that soared over the Bund—Victor Sassoon. A few years my reporting took me to a neighborhood away from the waterfront and away from the hustle and bustle of the business districts. On a street corner, I spotted two elderly Chinese women picking over fruit at a nearby market. They looked old enough that they might remember Shanghai before the Communists conquered the city in 1949. I went up to them and, with the help of my Chinese assistant, explained that I was visiting the old synagogue building. Before “Liberation,” as the Chinese called the Communists’ 1949 victory, Jews might have lived in this neighbo

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Stories: 1) Human Trafficking Revealed In 'The Snakehead' 2) Journalist Reports On The Situation In Afghanistan


Question:
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What's Next For U.S.-China Relations

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President Trump has suggested China played a role in the unraveling of North Korea's rapprochement with the U.S.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Attack On University In Pakistan Kills At Least 20. -- Fire At Dubai High-Rise Tower Is Blamed On Electrical Issue In Spotlight. And here are more early headlines: Coast Guard Suspends Search Off Hawaii For Missing Marines. (KHON-TV) Portland Demonstrators Tell Armed Group On Federal Land To Go Home. (KOPB) Global Selloff In Asian Markets Continues. (MarketWatch) Report: Kurd Militias Tearing Down Arab Homes In Iraq. (Amnesty International) ISIS Confirms Suspicion That "Jihadi John" Killed. (New York Times) U.S. Official Urges China To Show "Leadership" With North Korea. (Yonhap) Fairy Tales May Be Older Than Some Religions. (Discovery News) To Help Some Farmers, Coconut Trees Aren't Trees Anymore In Indian State. (AP)


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Question: News Brief: Trump Attacks Bannon, Manafort Sues The DOJ, Winter Storm

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President Trump attacked his former adviser Steve Bannon after Bannon criticized the Trump campaign in a new book. Also, former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort is suing the Justice Department.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Female Veterans Breaking Silence, Beating Trauma

During a military mission in Afghanistan this weekend, a U.S. helicopter came under fire, crashing and killing eight Afghans and 30 U.S. servicemen. Twenty-two of the casualties were Navy SEALs. Families are still trying to process the weekend's loss and deal with mental and emotional fallout from the nation's wars. And women have it particularly tough. Significantly more women have served in the U.S. military in recent years, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. Many of these women suffer post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, and other issues after their service ends. U.S. Air Force veteran Lisa Bolling has survived military trauma, returned to a home on the streets, and is now coping with PTSD. In an interview with Tell Me More guest host Allison Keyes, Bolling says that she first served at the Air Force base in Florida for two years, which was a wonderful experience. But she wanted to see the world and thus got sent to Germany. She says she was assaulted by a male service member one month after arriving at the base in Germany. "And six months later, I was pushed out of the military. I got eight letters of reprimand and two Article 15s because I didn't want to go back on the base. And I didn't feel like I could tell anyone. It was a tactical unit. It was very cold — strictly business," she explains. Bolling says she spent one year trying to put herself back together, but eventually began taking drugs to ease the pain and soon became homeless. "And I decided one day, I didn't want to die like that, and so I went to Narcotics Anonymous. I've been clean for 19 years," she says. Bolling went on to earn a degree in paralegal studies and became a therapeutic foster parent. "One of my foster daughters got cancer at 17 and died at 18. From that point on, I couldn't function. I lost my house. I lost a car. And I knew I had some issues with depression, but I didn't know what was happening to me ... where it would snatch my whole life away," says Bolling. How often do cases like Bolling's occur? Dr. Sonja Batten, a psychologist who works on national mental health policy for the Department of Veterans Affairs, says 22 percent of female veterans who seek care from VA report having experienced sexual trauma in the military. By contrast, a little over 1 percent of male veterans experience sexual trauma. Batten also points out that the Department of Defense is responsible for those on active military duty; the VA is a separate governmental branch that cares for veterans after service. She emphasizes that the VA helps veterans recognize that they are now in a safer place. She adds that women have unique stressors clinicians should keep in mind, including child care. "So if they're feeling stressed about that, we really need to listen to them when they're talking about those challenges so we can provide them support," she says.   But Bolling believes male and female veterans deal with stress similarly. "Post-traumatic stress is a strange disease in that it has the same blueprint for everybody. The vets are fearful. Many of them can barely get out of the bed. Many have lost their jobs, or [are] in a position where they're being suspended because they're missing work, and their boss doesn't understand why," says Bolling. Bolling has actively helped other veterans. She encourages them to report trauma immediately, and she refers them to VA facilities she finds helpful, such as Bay Pines in St. Petersburg, Fla. Batten says she wholeheartedly agrees with Bolling that veterans who need help should ask for it immediately. She adds that since 2005, the VA has been working to expand its ability to provide effective mental health services.  She says the VA trains providers, making sure they are skilled in the latest treatments. It also reaches out to those who may not know what services they're eligible for or what services are available. Most recently, the VA launched a smartphone application called The PTSD Coach, which offers reliable PTSD information and coping strategies. And there's a 24-hour crisis hotline for those in need of immediate assistance. ALLISON KEYES, host: This is TELL ME MORE from NPR News. I'm Allison Keyes. Michel Martin is away.  Coming up, can your online shenanigans cost you your next job? The Social Intelligence Corporation looks through seven years of your public Web history and reports back to perspective employers. That's in a few minutes.  But first, we turn to a more private affair - the sometimes-hidden struggles of women veterans. The Department of Veterans Affairs just announced that it's awarding nearly $60 million in grants to help homeless and at-risk veterans and their families. And not only are women veterans four times more likely to be homeless than male veterans, they also have to deal with issues ranging from sex abuse in the military to post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.  Here to talk about why female veterans are under so much stress is clinical psychologist Dr. Sonj


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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E.g. "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Is There A 'Better Way' To Handle Campus Sexual Assault?"]" == "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos insisted about 10 times during her recent policy address that there\'s a "better way" for colleges handle campus sexual assault. Now, as officials begin work to find it, they may well be taking a cue a few groups that DeVos says has already "made progress on these difficult issues." Here\'s a look at the recommendation of those groups. DeVos cited a task force of the American Bar Association, and another by the American College of Trial Lawyers, both of which managed to find consensus on how to make the current system more fair to accused students. 1. Decision makers must be convinced by the evidence The ABA\'s Criminal Justice Section Task Force on College Due Process Rights and Victim Protections issued its recommendations last spring, hashed out by a diverse group of advocates and lawyers holed up together in a conference room for eight hours at a time. "Walking in, I was very wary," says one participant, Laura Dunn, who founded the victim advocacy group "SurvJustice" in 2014, about decade after she says she was raped at college. "There was apprehension on all sides that it would be challenging and hard and frustrating and possibly resulting in zero agreement at all," she recalls. But over lots of coffee, emotion, and pressure to listen more and bend further, Dunn and the others got to a set of rules they could all live with. "Nobody gets everything they want," says another participant, Cynthia Garrett, co-president of the group Families Advocating for Campus Equality, which represents the interests of accused students. "I understood I had to compromise just like everyone other person in the room did." One biggie for everyone was how much evidence should be required to prove a sexual assault. Like many others, Garrett saw the current "preponderance of the evidence" standard as too flimsy, and she wanted to raise it to require "clear and convincing" evidence. But for Dunn, that was a deal-breaker. Ultimately, their compromise began to take shape, as participants started agreeing to a bunch of other protections. For example, the task force decided that students should have attorneys who can actually speak during hearings. Students should also see all the evidence being considered, the task force said, and both sides should be able to do some cross-examination through written questions. The task force recommended against the so-called "single investigator model," in which the investigator is also the person rendering judgement. And members said cases should be judged by a panel that would have to be unanimous, rather than by any single person. "That was kind of a \'give\' to assure people who were concerned about rights of accused," says Dunn. "We were ensuring that campuses [would be] really sure when they made this decision." After all that was hashed out, the issue of evidence got easier. As long as all those other protections are in place, members agreed, a lower standard is OK. Otherwise, they concluded, the evidence bar should be higher. Garrett says consensus also became easier after the group decided to ditch all the baggage that comes with the legal labels like "preponderance of the evidence" or "clear and convincing." Instead, they just spelled out exactly what they had in mind. "We wrote out that the decision makers must be convinced," says Garrett. "They have to actually believe the evidence. There\'s no more guessing. That\'s how I reached the point at which I said OK." Both Garrett and Dunn say they\'ve taken some flack for compromising from their own respective sides, which only underscores how hard it may be for DeVos to get any kind of broad buy-in from all the warring factions: those incensed by what they see as government overreach and a virtual witch hunt, and those outraged by an administration they see as hostile to victims. Indeed, even before DeVos started laying out her position on the issue, many were already expressing outrage. "We do not trust this administration," longtime activist Lisalyn Jacobs said during a protest rally outside DeVos\' recent speech. "The administration is headed by someone who talked about grabbing women by a word that I will not use," she said. 2. Raising the standard for evidence Some want DeVos to convene a diverse committee to help hash out new rules, as the ABA task force and The American College of Trial Lawyers did. But there is even disagreement in what those groups concluded; the ACTL recommended that the standard of evidence should be raised. ACTL President Bart Dalton says a new framework is needed to stop the accused from being "railroaded" and improve a process that leaves everyone "shortchanged." But, he says, the ACTL and ABA recommendations are more similar than they might appear. If the ACTL had delved into as much detail as the ABA on other issues like the right to cross examination, "we might be willing to go to a lower standard," Dalton says. "These things push and pull on each other. The more other protections ']" != "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath"]"

Question: Medieval No More: Mead Enjoys A Renaissance

Mead, the honey wine of yesteryear and the preferred drinks of Beowulf, Geoffrey Chaucer and Vikings hasn't been popular since, well, Beowulf, Geoffrey Chaucer and Vikings. Long relegated to Renaissance fairs and fantasy books, the drink was stuck in the Dark Ages. But mead is gradually making its way back into the mainstream. Over the past decade, the number of meaderies — places that ferment honey for production, like Brothers Drake in Columbus, Ohio — has boomed. "When I first conceived of the idea of having a business, there were about 30 meaderies nationwide," says Woody Drake, one of Brothers Drake's resident mead masters. "Now, they're pushing 200. That's only been six years, so that'll give you an idea of how things are growing." It's a re-emergence seen across the country. Ben and Becky Starr opened Starrlight Mead in Pittsboro, N.C., less than a year ago. They'd been introduced to the drink at Renaissance fairs and started fermenting honey at home. When the batches became drinkable, they started giving it to friends and neighbors who raved about it. Now, they are the ones doing the mead introductions. "This one is lightly sweetened; the boysenberry is added after," Ben Starr explains to a crowd assembled at a recent Renaissance fair in Knightdale, N.C. His wife, Becky Starr, wearing a green velvet dress with billowing white sleeves and a corset, pours small samples of the amber drink. The fair-goers are surrounded by jousting knights, juggling magicians and singing bards, but they aren't your typical Renaissance crowd. Most of the mead tasters — "mead virgins" Becky calls them — are in blue jeans and tennis shoes ... not the period costumes the fairs are known for. They taste a range of flavors — sweet, dry, tart — all of which are well received. "If people try it, they like it," says Becky. And that enthusiasm has been reflected in their meadery's sales. "We're still selling about twice as much as we expected to do our first year," says Ben. "It's been crazy. We've run out of almost every flavor twice." A Local Libation Anecdotal stories aside, it's hard to say just how much mead production has grown. Because mead is made of a mixture of honey, yeast and water, it's an agriculturally based alcohol, says Cary Greene, the chief operating officer of WineAmerica, a trade association that represents the industry in Washington, D.C. Under federal definition, all agricultural products that are fermented to make alcohol — like apples for cider and grapes for wine — fall under the same umbrella as mead. Separating the individual growth of each product is hard to do. That said, "It's astonishing the level of growth we've seen in the last decade," says Greene — but that's not necessarily a surprise. "There's lots of different products that have changed and gone in and out of fashion over the years," he says. "If you go back to the Colonial period, everybody drank cider. It was the beverage of choice. Cider and beer: those were the two choices everyone had on their tables. In some ways, cider isn't thought of as a mainstream product anymore either." But the mead-making boom is really thanks to the resurgence in America's taste for wine and a renewal of interest in eating (or in this case, drinking) local. "The idea of locality — of using the agriculture of the local area — that is something that's also caught on in the last decade and it's a new model for rural economic development," Greene explains. "Mead is definitely a part of that." Brothers Drake is big on local appeal; the Columbus meadery's business model is inspired by a commitment to local products. One side of the warehouse-style meadery is all production — growlers of new mead flavors, 55-gallon drums of honey and large metal vats. The other is all show — eclectic art from a studio down the road, a polished walnut bar from a fallen tree in a friend's yard. Oren Benary, Brothers Drake's general manager, describes the meadery as "truly local." All ingredients are bought and all products are sold locally. "It's a very old idea where you make what you consume and you consume what you make and there's nothing wrong with that," he says. The meadery, located right next to Ohio State University, draws a young crowd: mostly mead newbies who don't know much about the drink beyond what they learned in English class. Benary and his mead master, Woody Drake, are happy to educate. There's a widely held belief that mead is only sweet, Drake says. That's wrong. "Mead goes everywhere from dry to sweet and everything in between," he says, "There's the right mead with the right meal, just like there's the wrong mead with the same food. It's the same as it is with grape wine and beer." Once people are introduced to a well-paired mead, they're hooked, so it's just a matter of getting people to raise a glass. To attract future mead fans, the meadery invites local bands to play on Saturday nights. "Somebody came in the other day and they saw our place and they said, 'Wo

Stories: 1) A Mass Grave In Afghanistan Raises Questions 2) In Ederle Bio, A Channel-Crosser's Defiant Spirit 3) With 'Wilco', Wilco Shows Its Earnest Side


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Not My Job: Project Runway's Tim Gunn Gets Quizzed On Terrible Fashion

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The fashion guru plays our game, and makes us feel a little better about our pleated pants. Originally broadcast June 6, 2014.

Stories: 1) Anita O'Day: Revisiting A Classic Voice 2) Harvey Kurtzman: The Comics World's 'Mad Genius' 3) Zooey Deschanel, From Actress To Indie Rocker 4) Foul Mouths And A Penetrating Farce In 'The Loop'


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Question: Ready To Hit The Stump, Obama Expected To Endorse Clinton This Week

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President Obama is expected to endorse Hillary Clinton for president this week. He will be the rare two-term president to be welcome and active on the campaign trail.


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

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I'm heading out tomorrow to Aspen, Colo., where Neal Conan and the Talk of the Nation crew are doing the show all week, in advance of my Political Junkie TOTN segment on Wednesday. So I figured, why not put up ScuttleButton a day early? ScuttleButton, as you know, is the once-a-week waste of time exercise in which each Tuesday (or, as they call today, "Monday") I put up a vertical display of buttons on this site. Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) For years, a correct answer chosen at random would get his or her name posted in this column, an incredible honor in itself. Now the stakes are even higher. Thanks to the efforts of the folks at Talk of the Nation, that person also hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain. Is this a great country or what? You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state — you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be among the first on your block to receive notice about the column and the puzzle. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck! By the way, I always announce the winner on Wednesday's Junkie segment on TOTN. But with a new puzzle up every Tuesday, more or less, you should get your answer in as soon as possible. Here are the buttons used and the answer to last week's puzzle: basketball card for Lew Alcindor of Milwaukee — The NBA great, he later changed his name to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. (And yes, I checked the official ScuttleButton rules; I CAN use a basketball card instead of a button in this instance.) Jennings for Governor? Uff Da! — A Democratic button from Minnesota commenting on the gubernatorial candidacy of Republican Dave Jennings in 1990. Uff da is of Norwegian origin, and it means something like "I am overwhelmed," or "I can't believe it!" In any event, not a pro-Jennings button. Alan Wheat U.S. Senate — Wheat, then a member of the House, was the Democratic nominee for the Senate from Missouri in 1994 but lost in a landslide to Republican John Ashcroft. So, when you combine Kareem + Uff + Wheat, you may just very well end up with ... Cream of Wheat. The hot breakfast cereal. Truth be told, there were many responses that went with "Cream of the crop" — wheat being, well, a crop. Nice try. But the judges said no. And they have the final word. And so this week's winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Keith Dyer of Orlando, Fla. Keith gets a TOTN Junkie shirt ... as soon as we re-order them. (Hey, we're trying. But somehow this is not an NPR priority, though it certainly should be.) Don't forget to check out this week's Political Junkie column, which focuses on the problems that face Charlie Rangel, the New York Democratic congressman who has been in the House since 1971. His career is on the line in Tuesday's primary. Click here to read the column.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.