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Question: New documentary examines the Darfur saga

The subject of a new film on the genocide in Darfur talks about his work to keep the world's attention on the continuing violence in Sudan.

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E.g. ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'This program\xa0originally aired\xa0on March 24, 2020.\xa0  It’s been more than 100 years since all of humanity has had to respond to a global pandemic on the scale of coronavirus. We’ll take a deep look at the origins, responses and lessons of the flu pandemic of 1918. Guests John Barry, professor at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Author of “The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History.” (@johnmbarry) Jack Beatty, On Point news analyst. (@JackBeattyNPR) Interview Highlights There were various responses to the 1918 flu pandemic between different cities in the United States. Can you tell us what Philadelphia did or didn’t do differently? John Barry:\xa0“Because we were at war, the national public health leaders basically lied to the public. They said things like, ‘This is ordinary influenza by another name.’ Or, ‘You have nothing to fear. Proper precautions are taken,’ so forth and so on. This was echoed by local leaders in many cities, Philadelphia being a prime example. So they had a big Liberty Loan parade scheduled, which they declined to cancel, although all the medical community urged them to. And 48 hours later, just out like clockwork, influenza exploded in the city.” Weren’t 300,000 people expected to come to this parade?  John Barry:\xa0“Something like that. And health results were lethal. Later, they did institute what we call social distancing and closed everything down. Restaurants, churches, services. But it was too late because the virus had already become widely disseminated in the city. And Philadelphia had one of the worst experiences in the pandemic. I think roughly 14,500 people in Philadelphia died. One of the lessons is not just social distancing, but you have to implement these measures early. If you don’t, if you wait until a lot of people are sick and it’s widely disseminated — the virus — it’s way too late and it will not have significant impact. But if you do do it early — if you get widespread compliance — these measures do work.” On President Wilson’s response to the influenza  John Barry:\xa0“He never released any statement about influenza whatsoever. The federal government did next to nothing. Of course, we had a different society then. But everything was up to local leadership. And that’s one reason why we got such varied responses. A lot of it is also just random luck. In some places, the virus seemed more lethal than others. The earlier cities that were hit were hit much harder. And the virus seemed to attenuate a little bit over time. So if got hit later, you were in better shape. And if you got sick in the same city later in the epidemic, you were in better shape. It wasn’t because medical care improved, medical care deteriorated. At first, it was nothing they could do anyway except supportive care. And second, by later in the outbreak, particularly in the same city, medical care was totally exhausted and overwhelmed. So the virus was the chief determinant of what was going on.” On whether President Woodrow Wilson had the flu when he was trying to negotiate the peace treaty for World War I John Barry:\xa0“Quite definitely. It was rampant in Paris at the time. He had 103, 104 degree temperature, violent coughing. … One of the unusual complications of influenza was mental disorder, even to the extent that the people Oliver Sacks wrote about in Awakenings. Very strong hypothesis that they had suffered from influenza. It was a disease called encephalitis lethargica, which occurred after influenza a few years later and then disappeared. Sequel to influenza. And Wilson got it. He had been standing absolutely firm in the peace conference prior to getting sick. “After he got sick, people were saying that they had never seen him like that. He was paranoid. He couldn’t remember an hour later, what had been discussed an hour before. He was physically weak. And in that frame, he went back into a room with just a handful of other leaders, particularly Clemenceau, whose nickname was ‘The Tiger’ and was much more forceful. And Wilson ended up caving in and abandoning basically all the principles that supposedly the U.S. had gone to war for. John Maynard Keynes called him ‘the greatest fraud on Earth.’ So, you know, might he have caved in regardless? You know, it’s possible.” From The Reading List New York Times: “The Single Most Important Lesson From the 1918 Influenza” — “In 1918, a new respiratory virus invaded the human population and killed between 50 million and 100 million people — adjusted for population, that would equal 220 million to 430 million people today. Late last year another new respiratory virus invaded the human population, and the reality of a pandemic is now upon us.” Vox: “The most important lesson of the 1918 influenza pandemic: Tell the damn truth” — “‘W'] == ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'What The 1918 Flu Pandemic Teaches Us About The Coronavirus Outbreak']

Hear how listeners and readers of the blog reacted to recent conversations about the fate of jazz, racial profiling and the upcoming Olympic games in Beijing.


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Be The Donald; Heated Discussion; Charitable Misgivings.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: Linguist Geoff Nunberg

Linguist Geoff Nunberg on the stylistic differences between writers on the political left and right.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Ted Talk, Slow Bern, Queen B Stings


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Question: Sanford's New Rules Say No Guns On Neighborhood Watch

More than a year and a half after Trayvon Martin was shot in Florida, Sanford's new police chief has issued new guidelines for neighborhood watch groups and volunteers. Host Michel Martin learns more from NPR correspondent Greg Allen.

Happy Friday - we're following these stories today: Reports Swirl That Spain Will Seek Bailout. 'Heavy' Syrian Army Presence Around City Near Suspected Massacre Site. Chesapeake Energy CEO In Hotseat Today. U.S. Trade Deficit Narrows As Imports And Exports Drop. (Bloomberg) Tornadoes Damage Homes In Colorado And Wyoming; One Hurt. (AP) Japan's Prime Minister Says Two Nuclear Reactors Must Restart To Protect Society. (Reuters) U.S. General Personally Apologizes For Afghan Airstrike That Killed Civilians. (AP) Malawi Won't Host African Union Summit Or Sudanese President, Who's Wanted For War Crimes. (VOA) Racist Taunts Thrown At Black Dutch Soccer Players In European Soccer Tournament. (Guardian) Young Black Bear Caught In Connecticut Neighborhood Was From New Jersey. (Norwalk Citizen)


Question: As Caviar Prices Skyrocket, Sturgeon Poachers Invade Pacific Northwest

There's no good reason for a live, 8-foot sturgeon to be tied by the tail and tethered to the shore of the Columbia River, in the Pacific Northwest. But this is how poachers steal the giant fish: They keep the sturgeon alive and hidden underwater while they look for black-market buyers. Wildlife officers say the high value of caviar is driving poachers to these inventive tactics. They've also found sturgeon carcasses floating in the river — their bellies slit open after poachers harvested their eggs. Catching the culprits is hard, officers say: It often requires night patrols and undercover stings. "Sturgeon poaching is not something that's done in the middle of the day when it's sunny," says Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Sgt. Jeff Wickersham. "It's very hard to detect." Detecting poachers has become a bigger part of wildlife police work in Washington and Oregon. Global sturgeon populations are collapsing — most notably in Russia, where caviar is known as black gold. That's fueling a market for illegal caviar and driving poachers to the Columbia River. "The hottest commodity from an oversize fish is not the flesh, though that has a market value for sure. It's the caviar," says Mike Cenci, deputy chief of enforcement for the WDFW. "We know as long as that resource is around, it's going to attract poachers and traffickers." To protect breeding fish, which are few and far between, fishing rules restrict people from taking sturgeon over 5 feet long.  It takes female sturgeon about 20 years to start producing eggs — by which point, they're about 6 feet long. The eggs are crucial to the species' future, but they're also a delicacy, prized as some of the world's finest caviar. Top-shelf sturgeon caviar can sell for up to $200 an ounce in stores and restaurants. The biggest female sturgeon can carry up to 100 pounds of eggs. That means the eggs from one sturgeon ultimately could be worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. Sturgeon have been around 200 million years — since before dinosaurs roamed the Earth. They can live 100 years and grow to more than 20 feet long, but they're slow-growing. According to Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist Tucker Jones, only 1 percent of sturgeon survive the 15 to 25 years it takes for them to start reproducing. "Once they reach maturity, those fish are really important, because you have a fish that's capable of sustaining a population for a long time," he says. "The older they get, the more eggs they can produce." WDFW officer Dan Bolton says poachers make up a small percentage of the people fishing for sturgeon. But they have the potential to do a lot of damage. "Sturgeon, to me, are like an old-growth tree," he says. "They're not just a fish that, well, you take one and you can grow another one. I mean, these sturgeon are slow, slow-growing and need to be valued." In the mid-1990s, officers busted a poaching ring based in Vancouver, Wash., for harvesting 1.65 tons of caviar from around 2,000 Columbia River sturgeon. The estimated value of the caviar was $2 million. Another ring with ties to the Columbia was busted in 2003. Officials suspected the collapse of the sturgeon population in the Caspian Sea — the traditional cradle of global caviar production -- had made the Columbia a bigger target for poachers. So, in 2006 and 2007, wildlife enforcement agencies organized an undercover sting to catch poachers and traffickers on the Columbia. Undercover officers bought illegal fish from 33 suspects altogether. Seventeen out of 19 of their attempts were successful.   "In my mind, that's high odds that trafficking is out of control on the Columbia River," Cenci says. "What we learned is that sturgeon poaching was alive and well. The market was already established."  At the Russian restaurant Kachka in Portland, customers pay $84 for just a half-ounce of the best sturgeon caviar on the menu. It comes from farms to protect wild stocks. Owner Bonnie Morales uses a scale in the middle of the restaurant to serve it, so customers can watch to make sure they're getting what they're paying for as she measures out a small spoonful of these tiny black eggs. Morales says there's something inherently indulgent about sturgeon caviar — regardless of the price. "It's rich. It's buttery," she says. "It's a really delicious and complex flavor." She says she can see why people would be poaching the white sturgeon found in the Columbia River. "White sturgeon is becoming more and more of a premium item, and so there's a lot of respect for it now" in the culinary world, she says. For the last several years, managers have canceled sturgeon fishing seasons on the Columbia because sturgeon numbers are so low. But it's unclear how much sturgeon poaching is to blame: Sturgeon have been hampered by dams, and now they're on the menu for the Columbia's growing number of wild sea lions. Washington state wildlife official Cenci says that means the stakes are high for enforcement officials try

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Attack On University In Pakistan Kills At Least 20. -- Fire At Dubai High-Rise Tower Is Blamed On Electrical Issue In Spotlight. And here are more early headlines: Coast Guard Suspends Search Off Hawaii For Missing Marines. (KHON-TV) Portland Demonstrators Tell Armed Group On Federal Land To Go Home. (KOPB) Global Selloff In Asian Markets Continues. (MarketWatch) Report: Kurd Militias Tearing Down Arab Homes In Iraq. (Amnesty International) ISIS Confirms Suspicion That "Jihadi John" Killed. (New York Times) U.S. Official Urges China To Show "Leadership" With North Korea. (Yonhap) Fairy Tales May Be Older Than Some Religions. (Discovery News) To Help Some Farmers, Coconut Trees Aren't Trees Anymore In Indian State. (AP)


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Question: Responding to Your Letters

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Farai Chideya and News & Notes editor Sasa Woodruff read from listeners' letters and e-mails about our recent coverage.

In the aftermath of catastrophic events such as a mass shooting or natural disaster, politicians often offer up their thoughts and prayers to victims. Critics then hit back, condemning the phrase as meaningless — with no real value or impact. Now a new study from economists finds that prayers might have an actual dollar value, and they may also have real consequences for charitable giving in the wake of catastrophe, but not in the way you might think. Source: Thunström, Linda and Shiri Noy, "The Value of Thoughts and Prayers", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019 Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter.  Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

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In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: Training A 'Flip-Flop Army'

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Capt. Benjamin Tupper has some stories to tell about his work with new Afghan soldiers. His new book, Welcome to Afghanistan: Send More Ammo, details his time as an embedded trainer in the Afghan National Army. Tupper, a member of the Army National Guard, calls the troops he worked with "The Flip-Flop Army." "Afghan soldiers — it's a new army. It's a young army," Tupper tells NPR's Renee Montagne. "And there's really no uniformity, per se.  "It wouldn't be uncommon to have some Afghan soldiers jump out of a pickup truck in pursuit of Taliban wearing flip-flops or basketball sneakers, Speedo swim goggles, baseball caps, New York Yankee T-shirts — the gamut." But, Tupper said, that doesn't keep the soldiers from staying in "fighting form." "They come from a tradition of individual fighters," Tupper says. "That is how you make your reputation. Individual acts of bravery and courage."  In fact, Tupper says he heard many American soldiers say of the Afghan soldiers: "These guys are braver than anybody I've ever seen." Tupper calls his book a tragicomedy, although he's aware of the danger in calling a book about war a comedy. But Tupper thinks some of the most dangerous moments on the battlefield can also be the most amusing.  "Some of the funniest things happen when your life is on the line and you do something stupid," Tupper says. "And you go back that night, and you sit around the base, and you retell the stories, and you'll never laugh harder."  Tupper maintained a blog during his work with the Afghan National Army. "I found it very therapeutic," he says of the blog.  "And I didn't spare any details. I had to be open and honest about what was going on and what it was doing to me and how difficult it was," Tupper said. "You know, the Army gave me pills for sleeping, and pills for anxiety and depression — but for me, writing is what worked the most." RENEE MONTAGNE, host:  Thousands of new American troops are arriving in Afghanistan with the mission of training that country's army. Benjamin Tupper knows what awaits them. He's a captain in the Army National Guard. He was an embedded trainer with the Afghan National Army, known as the ANA, earlier this year. While there, he shared his experiences with commentaries taken from his blog. Captain Tupper brought MORNING EDITION vivid portraits of his comrades in arms, like his recklessly brave machine gunner Ski(ph) and Fiez(ph), his gentle, young translator who was later killed.  Now Benjamin Tupper has collected those and other stories in a book, "Welcome to Afghanistan, Send More Ammo." In it, Tupper has a rather endearing name for the army he helped train.  Captain BENJAMIN TUPPER (Army National Guard): The Flip-Flop Army, it was a tongue-in-cheek reference to flip flops. Afghan soldiers - it's a new army, it's a young army, and there's really no uniformity per se. It wouldn't be uncommon to have some Afghan soldiers jump out of a pickup truck in pursuit of Taliban wearing flip-flops or basketball sneakers, Speedo swim goggles, baseball caps, New York Yankee T-shirts — the gamut.  MONTAGNE: And yet, none of this stopped them from being in fighting form.  Captain TUPPER: Not at all. They come from a tradition of individual fighters. That is how you make your reputation, through individual acts of bravery and courage. And you can see from maybe pictures or news reels of today's Afghan soldiers, they look more - as we like to say in the Army, high speed - they're starting to get uniforms that match and they're wearing their proper equipment.  And to this day, I think if you were to talk to embedded trainers who are on the ground today, they would probably still reflect that hey, I've got some great fighters in my Afghan unit and these guys are braver than anybody I've ever seen, but they won't work as a team. They're going at it alone. They're just doing their own thing and it really causes more problems than it solves.  MONTAGNE: Maybe you have a different moment, but there were any number of moments that were just sort of laugh out loud funny or certainly chuckle funny. One of them was when you were in a fire fight surrounded by Taliban.  Captain TUPPER: Yeah.  MONTAGNE: And you truly were, at least a couple of times, that close. I mean that close.  Captain TUPPER: Oh yeah.  MONTAGNE: Like a rocket that just fortunately for you, something was wrong with it and it didn't hit you.  Captain TUPPER: It blew up in front of me instead of in me, yeah.  MONTAGNE: And then finally when reinforcements arrive after quite a long time, you run into this sort of grizzled - what was he, Special Forces guy?  Captain TUPPER: Yep, I pull over the Humvee door expecting to see one of my teammates, and there's this guy. He's big. He's burly. I had no idea who he was. And I go, who the hell are you? And he introduces himself, he outranks me, so instantly I'm like oops. And he goes, what's the situation? I go we - and my voice is breaking. I mean I've had it. I am toasted. I'm like, we'

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "No Thrill On The Hill," "Salesman-In-Chief," "Fly Nervous Like The Rest Of Us."


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news. This week: trouble at the top of the RNC, the Second Coming (of the iPhone), and a Tiger stalks again.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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'['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'The Associated Press']' == '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Forum sits down with journalist Scott Lindlaw of the Associated Press to discuss the new book, "Breaking News: How The Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace and Everything Else."']' != '['Represent this text:', 'The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology']'

Question: GOP Presidential Debate Somber

The Republican presidential candidates faced off for the final time in Iowa before the state's influential caucuses next month. The candidates were subdued and positive during the debate, despite the highly contentious race.

Stories: 1) Candidates' Prescriptions for Health Care Reform 2) Mark McKinney's Outrageous Comic Fortune


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Question: The Gestalt Gardener With Felder Rushing and Dr. Dirt

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The Gestalt Gardener Radio Program with your hosts Felder Rushing and Dr. Dirt

Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: It's All Politics, Dec. 8, 2011

With less than four weeks to go before Iowa, is Newt Gingrich just the flavor of the month or is he the real deal? Or, will his past transgressions (political and personal) send him to the Perry/Cain heap bin? Plus: Can Donald Trump host a debate if his birth certificate proves he's not from Earth?

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Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 872 2) Latino USA Episode 873 3) Latino USA Episode 874


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Question: Majority-Women's Team Trying For Indy 500 Debut

A new women's team is aiming to make history at this year's Indianapolis 500 with a woman owner, driver and crew members. In more than 100 years, only nine women drivers have competed.

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Stories: 1) A Band Of 'Brothers' And A Barrel Of Laughs 2) Probing China's Changing Character 3) New Silver Jews Album A 'Strange Victory'


Question:
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E.g.
['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Not My Job: Wing-Suit Explorer Joby Ogwyn Gets Quizzed On Wings (The Band)'] == ['Represent this', 'In May, the Discovery Channel will be broadcasting live as Joby Ogwyn climbs to the summit of Mount Everest, and then jumps off it, descending 10,000 feet in a wing suit. As this is clearly the last chance we have to talk to him while he\'s still alive, we\'ve invited him to play a game called "Band on the Run." Three questions about Wings, Paul McCartney\'s lesser-known band. PETER SAGAL, HOST:  And now the game where we take people who do amazing things and ask them do something nobody will ever remember. In May, the Discovery Channel will be broadcasting live as climber Joby Ogwyn climbs to the summit of Mount Everest and then jumps off it, descending 10,000 feet at least in a wing-suit. As this is clearly the last chance we have to talk to him while he\'s still alive, Joby Ogwyn, welcome to WAIT WAIT...DON\'T TELL ME! (APPLAUSE) SAGAL: So tell us exactly what you\'re going to do. JOBY OGWYN: Well, the basic plan is to climb to the top of the world and then change into my wing-suit and jump off the top and fly down and land at base camp. SAGAL: Right, and how far is that in terms of vertical distance? OGWYN: It\'s about 11,000 vertical feet. SAGAL: Eleven-thousand vertical feet. But it\'s not straight down, of course. OGWYN: No, it\'s not. It\'s definitely covering some - a few miles of distance, as well. SAGAL: Right, and you\'ve climbed Mount Everest before, right? OGWYN: I have. I\'ve climbed it. I\'ve done three expeditions to Everest. I got to the top twice. SAGAL: But I mean, what happened? Did you get up there and, like, well, this is great, I made it to the summit of Mount Everest. Man, I\'m really frustrated I have to walk down? If only there were a quicker way. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Now the wing-suit, I\'m trying to remember. I think I saw one of these in a James Bond movie. This is a suit that makes you look vaguely like a high-tech flying squirrel, right? OGWYN: It can. There\'s a lot of different kinds of suits, especially now. They\'ve come up with a lot of things. I think if you watch my Everest project, I\'ll look more like a missile or a rocket than a flying squirrel. But it works really good either way. SAGAL: You look like a missile? Missiles tend to go straight down. Am I not...? (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: We had Nik Wallenda on the show, right before he crossed the Grand Canyon on a tightrope. And when he did that, he had a sort of a mantra. He\'s a religious man, so he thanked Jesus Christ, thank you Jesus, thank you Jesus. Do you have anything like that? Because I was actually - if I had to do something like that, I would have a variation on Nik Wallenda\'s thing. I would just be like Jesus Christ, Jesus Christ. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Is there something you\'re going to be saying to yourself as you leap off Mount Everest? OGWYN: I have a feeling I\'ll be talking to myself. Whether it actually comes out, you know, of my mouth, I\'m not sure, but something pretty close to what Nick was saying, which is, you know, God give me a little help here if you can. SAGAL: Right. I think - I mean, nothing against anybody\'s religious faith, but I think God\'s attitude would be look, you just climbed up that mountain and jumped off. You are on your own, my friend. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Free will. PAULA POUNDSTONE: I\'m an atheist, but I can imagine that God would say: Did I give you wings? (LAUGHTER) (APPLAUSE) POUNDSTONE: Yeah, I\'ll help a bird. You go ahead and flap. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: So this wing-suit, I mean I know what a parachute does, obviously, it slows you down. The wing-suit allows you to maneuver. But you\'re still falling at a pretty rapid clip, right? OGWYN: Sure, you\'re definitely going down. I mean, eventually you are going to have to land. But now the technology has evolved to the point where you really are flying out further than you are falling, and your glide ratio is much bigger. So you really, you really are Superman when you\'re up there like that. CHARLIE PIERCE: Wow. SAGAL: That sounds pretty cool. POUNDSTONE: Joby, by the way, you\'re not Superman when you\'re up there. (LAUGHTER) POUNDSTONE: You know, you said you do a lot of work at the higher altitudes, and that can wreak havoc with the brain, can\'t it, Joby? You\'re never Superman. That\'s a made-up character, OK? You\'re an adventurous, strong man with a suit. (LAUGHTER) POUNDSTONE: Don\'t let anybody shoot at you, Joby. Don\'t do it. SAGAL: Can you land in the wing-suit, or do you need a parachute to land? OGWYN: Well, she\'s probably right. I\'m probably more like Batman than Superman. (LAUGHTER) OGWYN: You know, I do need the equipment. SAGAL: Yeah. So Joby Ogwyn, we have asked you here to play a game we\'re calling... CARL KASELL: Band on the Run. SAGAL: You have wings, but what do you know about Wings? Wings, of course is the most famous and important band Paul McCartney was ever in. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: We\'re going to ask you three questions about the band Wings. Iff you get two right, you\'ll win our prize for one of our listeners, Carl\'s voice on their voicemail. Carl wh'] != ['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Stories: 1) Seth Meyers On 'SNL' And Campaign Comedy 2) Tina Fey's Gubernatorial Turn 3) Stephen Colbert On 'The Greatest Gift Of All' 4) The Ethereal, Ambient Sound Of 'Hearts Of Space'"]

Question: A Fatal Hit-And-Run Leads To A Collision Of Cultures In 'Waking Lions'

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Worlds collide in Waking Lions, a new novel by Israeli writer Ayelet Gundar-Goshen. Like Tom Wolfe, who used the device of a hit-and-run accident in The Bonfire of the Vanities as a means to violently "introduce" New Yorkers of different races and classes to each other, Gundar-Goshen also begins her story with a car ride gone haywire. One night, as neurosurgeon Dr. Eitan Green is driving home from his long hospital shift near the Israeli city of Omer, he decides to de-stress by detouring out to the moonlit desert. There, he cranks up some Janis Joplin and begins racing his SUV on the empty white gravel road. Well, not quite empty. Because as Eitan glances at the enormous moon in his rear-view mirror, his SUV hits a man who appears out of nowhere on the road. The man looks to be African, a migrant, and, though he's still breathing, his skull is split open. The African man's life can't be saved, but Eitan's life, the one he's built with his wife and two young sons, can be. After a few minutes of tortured soul searching, the good doctor gets back in his SUV and drives home. That opening failure of conscience reverberates throughout Waking Lions, warping Eitan's marriage and career and bringing him into unforeseen intimate contact with crowds of "others". Like many a noir patsy, Eitan comes to realize that in trying to dodge disaster, he's stepped backwards into a bottomless pit. The next morning, after his wife has taken their young sons off to school, Eitan hears a knock at the door. A tall Eritrean woman stands outside, holding Eitan's wallet. Turns out, he dropped it at the scene of the crime. The woman's name is Sirkit and she's the widow of the man Eitan hit and killed. In return for her silence, she demands that Eitan spend every night for the foreseeable future at a deserted garage outside the city. There, on a rusty metal table, with medicine he's ordered to steal from his own hospital, Eitan must treat an unending stream of African migrants, most of whom have walked over a thousand miles from Eritrea through Egypt and the Sinai into Israel. As a novel, Waking Lions itself is the product of a collision of cultures and genres. Translated from the Hebrew, it's a psychological suspense tale mashed with a social novel about the refugee crisis. Overall, it's vividly imagined, clever, and morally ambiguous, although, occasionally, Gundar-Goshen's plot seems bit contrived. (Eitan's wife, for instance, happens to be the Israeli police detective investigating the hit-and-run accident.) Those lapses, however, mean little in comparison to how deftly Gundar-Goshen complicates her characters here. Sirkit, who at first appears to be a fierce humanitarian, turns out to be charging her fellow refugees for the illicit medical service she's arranged. And, Eitan, who used to pride himself on his ethics and selflessness as a doctor, finds that, as his autonomy is taken away from him and his exhaustion mounts, his empathy for his fellow human beings withers. Here's a description of the nightly scene at the garage:  They came en masse. The rumor about secret, unrecorded medical treatment spread faster than any viral infection. They came from the deserts and wadis, the restaurants ... and the central bus station where they worked as cleaners. ... Since [Eitan] had been coerced into helping his patients, he hated them as least as much as he hated himself. Was repulsed by the stench. The bodily fluids. ... Without language, without the ability to exchange a single sentence the way people do ... without words, only flesh remained. Stinking. Rotting. With ulcers, excretions, inflammations, scars. Perhaps this was how a veterinarian felt.  Waking Lions contains lots of raw passages like that one. It's a smart and disturbing exploration of the high price of walking away, whether it be from a car accident or from one's own politically unstable homeland.

Stories: 1) How Birth Control And Abortion Became Politicized 2) Life Without Plot In 'Leaving The Atocha Station' 3) 'Four The Record,' Lambert Comes To Terms With Herself


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Question: Governor Napolitano on Here and Now

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Governor Napolitano joined Steve Goldstein on KJZZ's Here and Now.  As part of her usual monthly visit, she talked about issues facing the state, campaign politics and answered listener comments and questions as well.

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Washington's Weiner; Sarah Palin's Mystery Tour; A Good Reason to Hang up the Phone.


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Question: This Is England: An Essay In Song Form

I asked my friend Julie Cafritz (of Pussy Galore, STP and Free Kitten) if she wanted to write something for our End of the Decade coverage. Her "assignment" was due over the weekend, and when I didn't hear back from her, I figured her work as a teacher, or her kids, or life in general had gotten in the way. Then, today, she sent me this note:  "I decided to take a different tack, intrigued as I was by your song-in-a-day contest. So I recorded a song; actually, Ollie [Julie's son] engineered my session. He decided he didn't like Mommy's music, so he spent most of the time recording me using my iPhone from another room. I then took his recording and recorded my essay over it -- what fit, anyway. It cuts off three-quarters of the way through."  Before I share Julie's song, I wanted to include something else she sent me when I asked her how much time she spends listening to music:  "I have never spent as much time listening to as much music in my entire life as I have in the past six years. I can chalk this up to several factors: 1) Having moved from NYC, I now am part of car culture, which has always been pretty much to my mind the perfect vehicle for listening. I have a good stereo in what is essentially a private soundproof booth on wheels in which to listen to music at ear-splitting volume in a small space -- my preferred listening environment. 2) Yes, music is more available through the Internet; not just to illegally or legally download, which of course I do liberally, but also, I can track down stuff like never before. (I try to patronize my locals, but much of the stuff I'm looking for is early- to mid-'70s English stuff.)   "And, most importantly, although I don't want to minimize the importance of 1 & 2, which are huge, 3) is that, since having my children, I have effectively been under house arrest for the past 11 years, and don't even come up for parole for another 12. As my freedom of movement has been severely limited by the realities of motherhood, I look to music to lift me out of my ennui, connect me to my old life and self, define my identity and generally let me rebel like a bratty teenager locked in her room and listening to her stereo loud. Unlike reading or watching a movie, I can listen to music while doing other stuff. And, yes, I do listen to music with my children. My music, not theirs; well, my music is theirs. They are like Gitmo detainees forced to listen to music all day long, repeated over and over again for months at a time (seriously) at loud volumes. They can take it up with their shrinks later."  And now, for Julie's song essay, "This Is England." As she mentioned, it gets cut off toward the end, so the words at the bottom function as the rest of the essay, in written form. ...after one live show, sometime even before they played their first gig. The NME, Sounds and Melody Maker could hype a different band on a weekly basis, and hype they did. They threw bands big and small at you; so many, you couldn't keep track, and then they would all -- big and small -- disappear, and it didn't matter. After the English press machine were done with you; after everybody owned your record, saw your gig, your face, your T-shirt, they were sick of you, and rightfully so. And it made it almost entirely impossible for a band to remain unscathed, to stay cool. I still get excited when I get my "hands" on a new record. But I can tell, even while I'm listening and enjoying it that first time, what fatal flaw will relegate it to the dust heap in a week, a month, a year. Things do move quicker now. And it is because of the thing you are listening and reading this on. That computer, this is England.

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A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: Your Letters: Jobless Grads; Commander Cody

Last Sunday, we talked with NPR's Yuki Noguchi about the grim job prospects for new and recent graduates. We also received a number of comments on our story about the future for NASA astronauts once the space shuttle program ends. Host Liane Hansen reads listener e-mails and online comments about jobless college graduates and her interview with Commander Cody.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


Question: Governor Napolitano on Here and Now

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Question: Environmentalists Debate the Promise of Biofuels

Two recent studies published in the journal Science suggest that growing additional biofuel crops might actually increase the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere, especially if existing forests or grasslands must be cleared for biofuel farming. Do the fuels make sense from an environmental and economic standpoint? When U.S. politicians talk about biofuels, most of the time they are talking about ethanol made from fermenting corn. However, there are many other types of biofuels, including biodiesel from algae and cellulosic ethanol technology. Experts discuss various approaches to biofuels and the advantages and disadvantages of each. Guests: Daniel Kammen, professor of energy at the Goldman School of Public Policy; co-director of the Berkeley Institute of the Environment; founding director of the Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley David Tilman, professor and presidential chair in ecology at the University of Minnesota; director of Cedar Creek Natural History Area  Harrison Dillon, president and chief technical officer, Solazyme, Inc. Wes Bolsen, chief marketing officer and vice president of business development at Coskata, Inc. IRA FLATOW, host:  This is TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow.  Biofuels may be doing more harm than good if we don't plant and harvest them correctly. That's the disturbing message from two studies out in the journal Science this week that take a closer look at biofuels and their ecological impacts.  Biofuels are made from products like corn, soy beans or palm trees. The reason to shift to biofuels and away from fossil fuels was in part to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions, but these two papers in Science say we might be doing just the opposite. By cutting down forests or savannahs to grow fuel we might actually be increasing the carbon we put into the air. And by using corn or palm oil for fuel, we are forcing more natural habitat to be turned into farmland.  This hour, we're going to take a look - a closer look at the debate over biofuels. Is one better or worst in terms of greenhouse gases? And should we be using food crops like corn to provide our fuel because there appear to be better alternatives that are in early stages of development that have not received much attention. For example, have you heard about algae and bacteria - bacteria that can take waste products, even garbage, and efficiently and effectively turn them into oil or alcohol.  Are these viable alternatives? Well, they apparently must be doing something right because oil giant Chevron and car giant GM have bought up pieces of some companies doing this kind of work. What do they know that we don't know? That's what we hope to find out, at least part of that, this hour.  Our number 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. And you can surf over to our Web site at ScienceFriday.com or over to Second Life and find the SCIENCE FRIDAY island over there where we'll take your questions from your avatars and get a T-shirt also.  Let me introduce my guests, Daniel Kammen is the Class of '35 Distinguished Professor of Energy at UC Berkeley. He's also co-director of the Berkeley Institute of the Environment and the founding director of the Renewable and Appropriate Energy lab there. He joins us from San Francisco.  Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dan.  Professor DANIEL KAMMEN (Energy, Goldman School of Public Policy; Co-director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment; Founding Director, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley): Thanks so much.  FLATOW: You're welcome.  David Tilman is regents' professor and the McKnight presidential chair in ecology at the University of Minnesota. He's also director of Cedar Creek Natural History Area. He is spending a sabbatical year at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and that's where he joins us today.  Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Doctor Tilman.  Doctor DAVID TILMAN (Professor; Presidential Chair in Ecology, University of Minnesota; Director of Cedar Creek Natural History Area): My pleasure to be here and actually be back again too.  FLATOW: That's good for you. Thank you.  Biofuels don't have to come from plants in the ground. We'll talk about that when we talk about algae later, but let's talk about your headline today - in The New York Times, which says studies deem biofuels a greenhouse threat. There's one from the Wall Street Journal that say biofuels may worsen emissions. Is that the takeaway message from your study?  Dr. TILMAN: Well, I think there are two messages. One, as we learn more about biofuels, it turns out there are more ways than we initially manage - imagined to do them poorly. And that's the headline news, I guess, is that there are ways to do them poorly. But we also know there are some ways to make biofuels that can give society two advantages we need: gaining new energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. So I think this, in my mind, the story has

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Will State Voters Continue To Pour Money Into Stem Cell Research?

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The year was 2004, and according to certain TV ads in California, great medical breakthroughs might be just around the corner. In these political ads, celebrities Michael J. Fox and Christopher Reeve, both facing serious, chronic conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which they believed could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases. The ads ran in support of Proposition 71, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had issued rules to limit federal funding of the use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. California voters easily passed Proposition 71 — 59 percent to 41 — and the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or CIRM, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments. Today, 14 years and billions of dollars later, that California agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research plan to ask voters in the state to pony up for round two. The projected ask this time: $5 billion, in a measure the backers hope to place on the California ballot in 2020.  For voters this time, there will be one major question, says Zev Yaroslavsky, a former member of the Board of Supervisors for Los Angeles County, and now a specialist in state politics and government at UCLA:  "The public will want to know," he says, "what they've gotten for their money." Across the U.S., nearly a dozen states have followed California's example in launching their own stem cell initiatives, and many more will be paying close attention to what happens in that bellwether state. "We have been most definitely influenced and inspired by CIRM," says Dr. Charles Murry, a cardiovascular pathologist with the University of Washington's Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine. Washington is among the most recent states to start directly funding regenerative medicine research. "When I talked to legislators about this," Murry says, "the fact that other states have stepped up and done this in such a big way — that helped a lot. CIRM definitely has been a trailblazer for the rest of us." Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 California ballot measure and served as chairman on CIRM's first board, still heads the advocacy group, Americans For Cures, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, a chronic condition. Klein says re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but also good business for California.  "It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here," he says.  In 2012, an independent study commissioned by CIRM to estimate the economic impact of the agency's grants and matching funds through 2014 suggested the program would result in, on average, more than 4,000 new jobs per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue. As for the proposed new funding, Klein says the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so is not a huge cost compared to other government projects. "Look, we paid $6.5 billion just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge," Klein says. "That's road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California."   But where are the cures? California's ballot initiative struck an emotional chord in 2004, in part because of the high profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox. Reeve, who died in 2004, had been paralyzed by a 1995 injury to his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson's, a neurodegenerative disease. Both men hoped that one day therapies based on stem cell research could bridge or repair broken neural or neuromuscular connections and help them and others who have similar conditions. Stem cells are undifferentiated, which means they have the ability to be transformed into cells of specific tissues and organs — possibly for use in new therapies that might treat or even cure some diseases.  In Fox's 30-second spot, he used the word "cures" three times. So, has CIRM produced any cures? Five-year-old Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, who graces the cover of CIRM's 2016 annual report, is the example many people cite. Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or SCID, also known as "bubble baby" disease, which severely impairs the immune system. Most children who have the condition must live in a highly controlled, isolating environment to avoid an infection, which can be lethal. The National Institutes of Health estimates approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the ailment. Partially funded by CIRM, a team of UCLA clinical researchers were able to genetically modify Evangelina's own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation. She and at lea

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Good morning, here are our early stories: After Chávez: His 'Revolution' Is Likely To Continue. Storm Brings Season's Heaviest Snowfall To Midwest, Mid-Atlantic. And here are more early headlines: Brennan's CIA Nomination On 'Fast Track'; Vote May Come As Early As Thursday. (AP) Finally! Last Cardinal Expected Soon At Vatican To Help Choose New Pope. (CNN) Could Dow's New Record Prompt More Spending By Wealthy? (Marketwatch) European Union Fines Microsoft For Denying Consumers Web Browser Choice. (Reuters) After Two Years Of Fighting, Syria Has 1 Million Refugees. (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles City Councilman, Controller, Headed For Mayoral Runoff. (KPCC) Czech Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Under Attack By Hackers. (Reuters) Did The Duchess Of Cambridge Drop A Hint About Her Baby's Gender? (People)


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Question: The News Roundup — International

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President Donald Trump announced this week that all American troops in Afghanistan will be “home by Christmas.” His announcement follows one from National Security Advisor Robert O’Brian, detailing a plan to reduce the number of troops based there to 2,500. German leaders are preparing for the possibility of a new COVID-19 outbreak within the country’s borders following a significant overnight rise in cases. Predictions are projecting that new cases may reach 10,000 a day in the near future if the infection rate isn’t brought under control. A U.S. judge ordered Iran to pay $1.45 billion to the family of an FBI agent who disappeared while on a trip to the country in 2007. Tehran has long denied that Robert Levinson died in its custody. Plus, the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh continues to escalate. From Vox:
Past skirmishes typically lasted no more than a few days, but this one has only continued and intensified. Stepanakert, a city of over 50,000 people, has experienced heavy artillery fire from Azerbaijan since October 2, while Azerbaijan says Armenia has shelled the country’s second-largest city, Ganja, and other missiles elsewhere — each assault putting civilians in grave danger. These and other actions have made the past 10 days the most violent, bloody, and deadly since the 1994 ceasefire. “They’re already calling it the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War,” said Roya Talibova, an Azerbaijani who was internally displaced by the violence of the first war and is now a PhD student at the University of Michigan. “What I’m seeing now reminds me of what I saw in the 1990s.”  We cover the most important stories from around the globe on the News Roundup.


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Question: The Tim O'Brien Band On Mountain Stage

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West Virginia native Tim O'Brien's association with "Mountain Stage" dates to the program's earliest days. In 1984 he appeared as a member of the influential bluegrass group Hot Rize, and its alter ego Red Knuckles and the Trailblazers, who helped give the fledgling show a national presence. Since then O'Brien has continued to visit "Mountain Stage" in nearly every musical formation he has been a part of. In his most recent appearance, O'Brien's touring band includes some of Nashville's finest bluegrass musicians, most of whom have been off-and-on collaborators for decades. The member's collective chemistry was apparent in this set and can be heard throughout the group's 2019 release, Tim O'Brien Band. The band opens with a spry, up-tempo rendering of "High Flying Bird," written by another native West Virginian, and fellow WV Music Hall of Fame member, Billy Edd Wheeler, who O'Brien notes was in attendance. The band's control sounds effortless with fills and solos passed between Cory Walker on banjo and Shad Cobb on fiddle, all in step and propelled by bassist Mike Bub. "Beyond," a co-write with Grammy-winning songwriter/producer Shawn Camp, has a Celtic feel and a message that comes with the wisdom of age and decades of touring. "Wind," written by Utah songwriter Hal Cannon, is a minor-keyed gem, with an intricate solo section and O'Brien's partner Jan Fabricius adding harmonies. "Amazing Love," a sweet 'n' simple love song co-written with The Black Keys' Dan Auerbach, makes for the perfect husband-and-wife duet. O'Brien has long immersed himself in all facets of roots music, evidenced in this set by a re-working of a forgotten Big Bill Broonzy tune, "Diggin' My Potatoes," written by Memphis Minnie. O'Brien gives it a new coat of paint, turning it into a tune that, with solos all around, should become an acoustic music staple. The Tim O'Brien Band will be busy this summer, including an appearance at the Telluride Bluegrass Festival in June, Red Wing Roots Festival in July, and the Blueberry Bluegrass Festival in Alberta, Canada in August. Set List  "High Flyin' Bird" "Beyond" "Doney Gal" "Wind" "Amazing Love" "Diggin' My Potatoes"

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Question: First violinist ARNOLD STEINHARDT is one of the foundingmembers of the Guarneri (Gwa-NAIR-ee) ...

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First violinist ARNOLD STEINHARDT is one of the foundingmembers of the Guarneri (Gwa-NAIR-ee) String Quartet, whichhas been playing together for 35 years. He's written a newmemoir, "Invisible by Four: A String Quartet in Pursuit ofHarmony" (Farrar Straus & Giroux). The Quartet is consideredto be one of the finest string quartets performing today..12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:

From a concert recorded earlier this month at the 40th Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy, harpist Mariko Anraku (mah-REE-koh ahn-RAH-koo) joins the members of the Borromeo (boh-roh-MAY-yoh) String Quartet for a performance of the Sacred and Profane Dances by Claude Debussy. (NPR)


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Question: Listener Limerick Challenge

Achtung! Fahrvergnügen!;  Simian excess; Mmmm... smells like kindergarten.

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Hall Of Famer: Randy Newman Makes The Cut

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Known for such hits as "Real Emotional Girl", singer-songwriter, composer, arranger and pianist Randy Newman is on his way to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Newman, a 40-year veteran of the music business, talked to Fresh Air in 1998 and 2004 about his life and work.

Stories: 1) The Rise And Fall Of The Comanche 'Empire' 2) Jimmie Dale Gilmore: Classic Sounds On 'Heirloom Music' 3) A 'Paris' Review: Woody Allen, In Fine Form


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Question: Marketplace Report: Underfunded Federal Pensions

U.S. government workers may be in for an unpleasant surprise when they retire -- a new Standard & Poor's report finds that federal pension plans are underfunded by more than $4 trillion. Madeleine Brand discusses the story with Tess Vigeland of Marketplace.

UC Regents Discuss Executive Pay. Ballot Measure to Crack Down on Sex Offenders. End Music.


Question: represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details For instance you may be given '['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'Fat Tuesday, California Style']' and it should match with '['Represent the input', 'The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.\nIt¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]']' but not with '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3']'.

Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

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I guess you all heard the bad news:  Rand Paul says he is opposed to showing people ScuttleButton puzzles at luncheon counters in Woolworth. Rather than get angry, and pull out my rifle that I last used in Vietnam when I served with Richard Blumenthal, I decided that the best way to deal with it is just publish the new puzzle. And here's how to  play:  Every  Friday  on this blog,  there are   buttons displayed  vertically. Simply  take  one word (or  concept) per   button, add 'em  up, and, hopefully, you   will arrive at a  famous name  or  a familiar expression.   (And seriously, by  familiar, I   mean it's something  that more than  one  person on Earth would    recognize.) And  don't focus on a  political  answer. It doesn't    necessarily have to  be political,  though it could  be. A correct    answer chosen at  random gets his  or her name in  this column.  Personally,   I can't  imagine a greater  honor. You  can't use the  comments box   at  the bottom of the  page for your answer.  Send  submission (plus your    name and city/state  -- you won't win  without  that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. Click       here for the answer to last week's puzzle. And, by adding your name to the Political       Junkie mailing list, you will be the first on your block to   receive     notice when a new puzzle goes up on the blog. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org.       Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new    Junkie    post goes up by clicking here. Good       luck, and happy Friday! P.S. I usually reveal the answer --    and    announce the winner -- in this space on Tuesdays. So you should    get   your  answer in by then.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another visit to the Performance Today Basic Record Library to recommend three recordings of the Symphony No. 9 in C, "The Great" Symphony by Franz Schubert.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: The year Harlan went on vacation.

Harlan Jacobson reviews the Brazilian film The Year My Parents Went on Vacation.

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Tempting fate, the two boys brought along a sign that read: Don't Tell Principal Versluis." Turned out, their principal was also ditching school to attend the game.


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Question: Fuel Efficiency Standards

NPR's David Welna reports on today's victory in the Senate for the auto industry. Ignoring a measure backed by environmentalists that would have mandated a 50-percent boost in fuel efficiency standards for gas-guzzling cars and SUVs, the Senate passed an amendment that instead would have the government consider the impact of such requirement and the effect it would have on jobs.

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Question: Sousa Beyond 'Stars And Stripes Forever'

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John Philip Sousa’s “The Stars and Stripes Forever” is an intrinsic part of many Fourth of July celebrations. An act of Congress named it the official United States National March. But as Keith Brion, longtime Sousa lover and founder of the New Sousa Band told Here & Now’s Robin Young, Sousa “was patriotic to the core” and many of his other works would also fit well into a fourth of July concert. With the holiday coming up, we take a listen to a selection of Sousa marches.
Hear our previous interview with Keith Brion about “Stars and Stripes Forever”

6 Patriotic Marches By John Philip Sousa

“Hail to the Spirit of Liberty” performed by Keith Brion and the Band of the Royal Artillery
“The Stars and Stripes Forever” performed by Keith Brion and the New Sousa Band
“The U.S. Field Artillery March” performed by Keith Brion and the New Sousa Band
“The Liberty Bell March” performed by the Washington Winds
“The Yorktown Centennial March” performed by Marine Band of the Royal Netherlands Navy
“The New York Hippodrome March” performed by Keith Brion and the New Sousa Band

Guest

Keith Brion, founder and director of the New Sousa Band.

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Stories: 1) A Stroll Among The Memories On 'Sesame Street' 2) The Man Behind Miss Piggy 3) Composing Silly Songs For 'Sesame Street' 4) Come And Play: 'Sesame Street' Celebrates 40 Years


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Dean Leading Pack in N. Hampshire

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Polls indicate former Vermont. Gov. Howard Dean leads the other nine Democratic presidential candidates in New Hampshire, site of the nation's first presidential primary in February. Many of the state's Democratic voters say they are drawn to Dean's straight-talking style. Hear NPR's Linda Wertheimer.


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Question: The Geography of Bliss

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NPR National Correspondent Eric Weiner joins guest host Ted Asregadoo for a discussion of his new book, "The Geography of Bliss: One Grump's Search for the Happiest Places in the World."

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: The Weedstream Media; The Blame Game; The Grip On Germs.


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Question: NFL Quarterback Colin Kaepernick Takes A Stand By Sitting

To stand, or not to stand? That’s the question people around the country are asking this week. At issue: whether it was acceptable for San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick to remain seated through the national anthem during a preseason game on Friday. Kaepernick, who is black, said he was sitting in order to “stand with the people who are being oppressed.” He’s also said he wants to bring awareness to civil rights problems in this country. While that didn’t sit well with some NFL players and fans, management has said players are encouraged — but not required — to stand during the anthem. Robert Klemko writes for Sports Illustrated’s Monday Morning Quarterback, and joins Here & Now‘s Robin Young with his perspective on Kaepernick’s actions. Guest Robert Klemko, writer for Sports Illustrated’s Monday Morning Quarterback. He tweets @RobertKlemko.

Good morning - we're looking at these stories today: Fierce Fighting Continues In Syria As U.N. General Assembly Prepares To Vote. It's 'Kiss In' Day At Chick-Fil-A For Gay Rights Activists. China Gets Hit With Two Hurricanes, Just Hours Apart. (CNN) Tropical Storm Ernesto Forms In Caribbean, Heading For Gulf Of Mexico. (AP) Jailed Islamist Cleric Threatens War If Myanmar Continues To Abuse Rohingya Muslims. (AFP) Spain's Borrowing Costs Go Up As Speculation Grows Over A Possible Bailout. (AP) Russian President Putin Suggests Leniency For Girl Punk Band Facing Charges Of Denouncing Him. (Moscow Times) U.S. Nuclear Processing Facility Closed After Four Protesters Get Through Security. (Reuters) Baseball All-Star Cal Ripken, Jr. Asks For Public's Help In Nabbing His Mother's Kidnapper. (Baltimore Sun) American Gymnastics Gold Medalist Gabby Douglas Is On 'Cloud Nine'. (People)


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Question: 'Pacman' Pacquiao Gives Filipinos Reason To Cheer

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It may only be games, but nothing in culture can galvanize a nation the way a world championship can. And it just so happens, in the months ahead there will be nearly a surfeit of sports nationalism.  It's only weeks now before the Winter Olympics and then, come June, the soccer World Cup, which is by far the most passionate international competition of all.  Yet in 2010, there is one little athlete who can mean more to his country — and to his sport — than all the skaters and skiers and soccer teams in the world.  The man is a boxer, Manny Pacquiao; his country, the Philippines. And what he signifies to his people everywhere is perhaps unmatched in sports history.  Lennox Lewis, the thoughtful former heavyweight champion, has even said that Pacquiao's "grip" on his country "is similar to Nelson Mandela's influence in South Africa."  The Philippines, of course, is an impoverished island nation, which has led to a diaspora of its people. In fact, Filipinos make up one of the largest groups of immigrants in the United States — and they've shown well what they can do with the main chance. Filipinos here are better educated and wealthier than the American population at large.  But Pacquiao is so special to all ethnic Filipinos, rich or poor, in the islands or abroad, because his country has never before produced any champion that it could hold high before the world. No Filipino has ever won a single Olympic gold medal.  Pacquiao is so beloved that when he ran for Congress in the Philippines a couple of years ago, he was soundly beaten largely because, as the adored national icon, his fans voted against him to keep him out of office so he wouldn't dilute his attention to the ring.  He's an extraordinary boxer, the first ever to hold seven world titles, for he began fighting at a tiny 106 pounds and now, incredibly, holds the welterweight crown at 147.  Already, there are those experts debating whether he is the greatest fighter ever — better than Joe Louis, Sugar Ray Robinson, Muhammad Ali — better at his craft than anyone who ever has laced on a pair of gloves. And at a time when boxing has descended so in popularity, Pacquiao has come to mean almost as much to his sport as to his country-people.  He's as exciting in the ring as he is talented. When Pacquiao fights the undefeated American Floyd Mayweather Jr. in the dream bout that appears to be set — probably on March 13 — it will almost surely produce the largest gate in the history of the sport.  Should he win over Mayweather, himself previously acclaimed the best pound-for-pound fighter, Pacquiao's place in the boxing pantheon will be sealed. But already, he has taken this brutal sport and distilled from its blood and guts the pretty pride that Filipinos never shared before.

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Question: LAPD Hopes to Use Federal Charges to Foil Gangs

Ask just about anyone who lives in Los Angeles and they'll tell you they can't remember a time when gang violence wasn't a problem.  Over generations, street gangs have become more organized and vicious than ever.  In the third of a four-part series on new ways to combat street gangs, NPR looks at law enforcement's push to bring gang members up on federal charges. The Enterprise Theory Los Angeles Police Department Supervisor Robb Berke stands on the stoop of an apartment in South Central L.A. where the police have just served a search warrant.  Behind him, through the open door, officers are scouring the apartment — opening kitchen cabinets, flipping over furniture. They are looking for drugs or guns. The unmistakable skunky scent of marijuana coming from inside is noticeable even from the stoop. "The purpose of this particular warrant was just to get inside the location and get narcotics recovered," Berke says. "We weren't as worried about getting someone arrested with it right now; we can do that at another time. We're more concerned about the intelligence we can gather while inside here. That helps us out a lot more." Apparently, drug houses in South Central L.A. all look alike. The furnishings generally consist of the bare necessities that gang members might require while waiting to make a drug sale: a television, a couch, a bed. Nothing more.  The cops on Berke's squad spend about 40 minutes in the apartment. When they finish searching the place, Berke leaves his LAPD business card on a table. He attaches a note suggesting the residents call if they have any questions.  Berke smiles: "They never call." His team found only a small amount of marijuana in the apartment.  "It's not the case of the century," he says. "We're not talking about pounds and pounds or crates of it."  But he doesn't really seem disappointed.  That's because Berke and his squad are taking a longer-term view. The search is part of a broader gang-fighting strategy based on what's called enterprise theory. The police come and gather evidence in an effort to take down the gang itself — the entire enterprise. The idea is to piece together enough crimes linked to a particular gang to build a case that would bring federal charges, not just state or local charges.  Creating Informants Part of the strategy is based in the fact that, when it comes to prison, there is a huge difference between federal time and state time in the minds of a southern California gangster.  "State [prison] time is not what they like — I mean they would rather be out," said LAPD Deputy Chief Charlie Beck, who has been working gangs at the department for 30 years. "But they are basically going to a venue where they are comfortable. When a true gangster is what they call 'down for the gang,' he leads a pretty good life inside prison. When you go to federal prison to Minnesota or South Dakota — or something — they don't have that kind of support." While Beck can't be sure that the prospect of decades in federal prison stops some members from committing crimes, what he does know is that it has been invaluable in helping the police develop information. He says that nothing creates an informant faster than the prospect of 20 years in a federal penitentiary. The U.S. Attorney for the Central District of California Thomas O'Brien is responsible for bringing cases against these gangsters.  He sits in the 12th-floor office at the U.S. courthouse. From this vantage point, Los Angeles stretches out as far as the eye can see. O'Brien rattles off examples of federal indictments against L.A. gangsters. He says his group wired confidential informants in Arbor division, also known as "ghost town" in the city, in a four-month operation. The informants purchased narcotics and weapons from gang members in the neighborhood. The U.S. attorney's office has used that operation to take down dozens of gang members and indict them on federal racketeering charges. "We are routinely getting sentences from 10 to 20 years and above," O'Brien says. "If you don't think that has an impact, I think it does. I think that word goes out to the streets, and they realize, 'You know what, the fun and games are over.' People are doing some serious time for these crimes." Life Without Parole The Department of Justice has made gang prosecutions a priority.  Consider this: A couple of years ago, federal officials in California probably prosecuted about 50 to 100 gang members a year. O'Brien says this year they are on track to prosecute 1,000. About a month ago, O'Brien's office indicted 30 gang members on federal charges. The investigation lasted four months — it is almost unheard of for the federal government to move that quickly.  Tom Diaz has just finished a book about Los Angeles' Latino gangs and law enforcement's efforts to disband them. Diaz, who also works at the Violence Policy Center, in Washington, D.C., says local law enforcement just doesn't have the muscle they need to dismantle gangs.  "It is

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Detroit Mayor Kilpatrick To Resign In Plea Deal

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Embattled Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick today pleaded guilty to felony charges in a sex scandal.  He will resign from office after months of trying to hold onto his position.  Kilpatrick was ordered jailed for four months and fined one million dollars.  For more, NPR's Tony Cox speaks with WDET news program director Jerome Vaughn. TONY COX, host:   From NPR News this is News and Notes. I'm Tony Cox.  Sarah Palin delivered a rousing history making speech last night to a national television audience and excited delegates at the Republican National Convention in St. Paul, Minnesota. We'll get to that story in just a moment. But first, there are new developments to report to you in the scandal that has engulfed Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick.   Mr. KWAME KILPATRICK (Former Mayor, Detroit): I lied under oath in the case of Gary Brown and Harold Nelthrope versus the city of Detroit, case number 03317557NZ, regarding information that was relevant to claims made by Gary Brown and Harold Nelthrope. I did so with an intent to mislead the court and the jury and to impede and obstruct the clear administration of justice. I lied under oath at a civil deposition for the Brown-Nelthrope lawsuit on October 11th, 2004 in the city of Detroit. I also lied under oath in the civil jury trial in the Nelthrope-Brown lawsuit in Wayne County Circuit Court on August 29th, 2007.   COX: Earlier today, Mayor Kilpatrick pleaded guilty to felony charges and a sex scandal, and will finally resign after months of trying to hold on to his position. Kilpatrick was ordered jailed for four months and fined one million dollars. Joining us now, WDET's News program director Jerome Vaughn with an update. Jerome.   Mr. JEROME VAUGHN (Program Director, WDET News): Yes Tony, it's been quite a hectic day here in Detroit. Mayor Kilpatrick accepted this plea deal this morning right around 10:30 or so. The courtroom was packed with his lawyers, lawyers from the Wayne County prosecutor's office as well as his large entourage of bodyguards. Many people showed up there knowing that this was an historic moment for the city of Detroit and of course, the story continues to unfold throughout the day.   COX: Basically, what happens in the plea deal?  Mr. VAUGHN: Well, as you said, the mayor is going to spend four months in jail as part of this. He's got to pay a million dollars restitution. He will surrender his pension and benefits. He's going to lose his law license. That will be suspended for the five-year probation period. And also during that five years of probation, he's not allowed to run for elective office again. That resignation of his is going to be effective September 18th. The 14 days in between there'll be a transition to Mayor Ken Cockrel, who is right now the president of the Detroit City Council. He will be the acting mayor until an election is held sometime next year.   COX: What's been the reaction? I would imagine that it would be mixed.   Mr. VAUGHN: It is. I mean, I think by and large, the citizens of the city of Detroit and the surrounding suburbs is a sense of relief, a sense of OK, we can move on from this. There's been a lot of rancor over the past several months as these legal promises played out. He's got a very staunch group of supporters, Mayor Kilpatrick does. But that number has been dwindling over the months. Once the allegations of assault came out against the Wayne County sheriff's detective a couple of months back, that really started to erode some support. When the mayor was put in jail for a bond violation several weeks ago, that continued to erode support. But even yesterday at another hearing, there were strong supporters of the mayor outside. Today, many people saying they support the mayor and, you know, if the mayor where to run again, that people would support him. That number has shrunk, but there's still a vocal support for him.   COX: Jerome, thank you very much.   Mr. VAUGHN: You're welcome.   COX: Jerome Vaughn is news program director for member station WDET in Detroit. He spoke with us from the studios there.

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Provided: "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details.', 'Technology touches many aspects of our lives and one outcome is certain: more tech jobs. Job openings for software developers are growing at a faster rate than trained workers. Across the country, tech entrepreneurs are offering coding boot camps. Students at these boot camps are trained to write code in just three months, rather than spending four years in college studying computer science. Bill Rice of Here & Now contributing station WCPN visited the Software Craftsmanship Guild boot camp in Akron, Ohio, and brought us this story. \nRead more on this story via StateImpact\n\nReporter\n\nBill Rice, associate editor at WCPN ideastream. He tweets @Bill_Rice_Ideas.']" Match: "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Coding Boot Camps Try To Fill Tech Worker Gap']"

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Tuesday March 25, 2008

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Congressman Peter Welch joins us as we talk about credit card practices and whether
consumers and retailers need more protection against escalating rates and fees. Joining the conversation is consumer finance expert Karen Gross, President of Bennington's Southern Vermont College. Burlington Free Press reporter Candace Page discusses salamanders and the rites of Spring. And Burlington comedienne Martha Tormey on the off-duty challenges of professional confidentiality.

Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Question: 'Mr. Peanut': Dysfunctional Marriage In A Nutshell

When David Pepin first dreamed of killing his wife, he didn't kill her himself. He dreamed convenient acts of God. So begins Adam Ross' debut novel, Mr. Peanut.  Don't be fooled by the cute title -- it's a dark tale of love, hate, murder and marriage: a cleverly written, structurally complex narrative with characters whose lives interlock. Oddly -- and disturbingly enough -- the beginning of the book was inspired by a tragic story Ross' father told him about his second cousin. She was a "morbidly obese" woman who also "suffered terribly from depression" and "lethal nut allergies."  Ross' cousin "apparently committed suicide" -- although, "conveniently, the only person to witness her suicide was her husband." The husband told police that he had arrived home to find that his wife was sitting at the kitchen table with a plate of peanuts before her. They fought, and at the height of the argument, Ross recalls, she ingested a peanut "and died of anaphylactic shock right in front of him." When Ross heard the story, he was struck: "It sounded like an obvious case of murder," he tells NPR's Deb Amos. So he sat down and drafted what would become the first three chapters of Mr. Peanut, a novel that takes the story of Ross' ill-fated cousin and runs with it. What Ross found particularly appealing about the gruesome tale was the way it "seemed to put its finger right on something that is so true about marriage -- which is that at times, it is harder to understand what keeps couples together as opposed to what drives them apart." Ross also found inspiration for his novel in the work of M.C. Escher, the artist who famously created mathematically themed black and white prints. In one piece, Escher invents a staircase that simultaneously seems to lead up, down and every direction in between. Just as that print shows one object that is actually several different objects at once, Ross says that Mr. Peanut is "the story of three marriages that tells the story of one marriage, or the marriage that tells the story of three." As readers learn about the relationship between alleged peanut-murderer David Pepin and his late wife, they also find out about the relationships between the detectives on David's case and their own wives. The marriages all share certain similarities, interlocking just "like M.C. Escher's designs," Ross explains.  Each relationship also demonstrates how husbands and wives can shift between feelings of affection and hatred "almost immediately." These shifts are just as seamless as those in an Escher drawing, in which a viewer may be "looking at a staircase going up that suddenly becomes a staircase going down with someone sitting on the ceiling." Ross says that the central question he wanted to address in his book is how two people who start out "so happily" can get to a dark place "where things can go so awry." In fact, says Ross, Mr. Peanut is "about as pro-marriage a book as I could ever imagine writing." Then again, he admits it's also a "cautionary tale" -- when married couples lose sight of one another for too long, it can lead to disastrous results. "In a way," Ross concludes, Mr. Peanut "is a way to wake up readers to what's right in front of them." When David Pepin first dreamed of killing his wife, he didn't kill her himself. He dreamed convenient acts of God. At a picnic on the beach, a storm front moved in. David and Alice collected their chairs, blankets, and booze, and when the lightning flashed, David imagined his wife lit up, her skeleton distinctly visible as in a children's cartoon, Alice then collapsing into a smoking pile of ash. He watched her walk quickly across the sand, the tallest object in the wide-open space. She even stopped to observe the piling clouds. "Some storm," she said. He tempted fate by hubris. In his mind he declared: I, David Pepin, am wiser and more knowing than God, and I, David Pepin, know that God shall not, at this very moment, on this very beach, Jones Beach, strike my wife down. God did not. David knew more. And in their van, when the rain came so densely it seemed they were in a car wash, he boasted of his godliness to Alice, asked rhetorically if a penis this large and this erect (thus exposed) could be anything but divine, and he made love to his wife angrily and passionately right in the front seat, hidden by the heavy weather. He dreamed unconsciously and he dreamed sporadically. His fantasies simply welled up. If she called from work, he asked, "Did something happen?" If she was late coming home, he began to worry too soon. He began to dream according to her schedule. "Taking the train today?" David asked in the morning. "Taking the train," Alice said. It was a block west to Lexington where she'd pick up the subway down to 42nd Street. At Grand Central, she'd take Metro-North thirty minutes to Hawthorne, where she taught emotionally disturbed and occasionally dangerous children. Anything could happen between here and there. On the edge of the platform, two

Stories: 1) Allison Pearson's 'Love' Letter To Keith Partridge 2) A Twisty, Brutal 'Drive' For A Level-Headed Hero


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Question: Here and Now for Wednesday, July 11, 2007

US officials are voicing concerns about the increased risk of a terrorist strike inside the United States this summer.  Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff says he has a gut feeling about a possible attack, and ABC News reports that a small Al Qaida cell is either on its way to the US or already here.

A conversation with first-time Saudi novelist Rajaa Alsaneh, whose "Girls of Riyadh" has shocked the Arab world because of its matter-of-fact treatment of the love lives of four young upper class Saudi women.

Some bookstore owners are looking forward to next week when the final book of the Harry Potter series is released.  But what happens post-Potter?  Will these young readers continue to read?  We speak to David Mehegan of the Boston Globe and Paula Brehm-Heeger, president elect of the Young Adult Library Service Association, and manager of the teen department at the Cincinnati and Hamility County Public Library in Ohio.

Here and Now's Kevin Donovan reports that easter

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Episode 47: Give Me Your Tired...

Our airwaves are filled with debates about migrants, refugees, and undocumented immigrants... Who should be in the United States, who shouldn't, and who should decide? Immigration is, without question, a flash point in this year's political debates. It's an issue that seems to get to the core of who we are, who we want to be, and where we're headed as a nation. Today we're going to take a fresh look at the issue by exploring what history can teach us about the patterns and paradoxes of immigration in a nation of immigrants. It's one of a series of shows in the next few weeks that will speak to issues that have bubbled to the surface in politics this year, that reveal something about us — and human nature. Historian Maria Cristina Garcia joins us. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Stories: 1) Bill Flanagan, Fondly Biting the TV-Network Hand 2) Devouring TV's Hits, Whole Seasons at a Time 3) Teddy Thompson, Talking Up 'Down Low'


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

You know how I change the rules for ScuttleButton as I go along?  Well, another mini-rules change this week. I always explain, as I do every every Friday on this blog, how to solve the puzzle.  I put forward a vertical display of buttons.  Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And   seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that   more than one  person  on Earth would recognize.) Mini-rules change:  This week, in one of the buttons, you need to take more than one word. You know how I hate to give hints, and I'm sure many of you will solve it without a hint.  But just in case ... Anyway, a correct answer chosen at random gets his or her name in this column. Personally, I can't imagine a greater honor. You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page    for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and   city/state -- you  won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. Click here for last week's puzzle and its solution. And,       by adding your name to the Political                Junkie mailing list, you will be the first on your  block to receive notice       when a new puzzle goes up on the blog. Sign up  at politicaljunkie@npr.org.     Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new   Junkie   post goes up by clicking here. Good                      luck, and have a great weekend! P.S. I usually reveal the answer -- and announce the winner -- in this space on Tuesdays.  So you should get your answer in by then.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Democratic Strategist and Congressman Rahm Emanuel

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Rahm Emanuel, an Illinois congressman and chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, explains his plan for the future of the Democratic Party and the broader American political system. Emanuel is a former senior advisor to Bill Clinton and co-author of "The Plan: Big Ideas for America." [pre-recorded]

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: E. Coli Bacteria Can Transfer Antibiotic Resistance To Other Bacteria

Colistin is the antibiotic that doctors use as a last resort to wipe out dangerous bacteria. "It's really been kept as the last drug in the locker when all else has failed," says Dr. Jim Spencer, a senior lecturer in microbiology at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom. But now Spencer reports that E. coli bacteria, which can cause kidney failure as well as urinary tract and other infections, have changed. In an article published in the journal Lancet Infectious Diseases, Spencer and his co-authors tell how researchers in China have found that the bacteria not only are increasingly resistant to colistin, but have developed a mechanism to transfer resistance to neighboring bacteria. And those bacteria don't even have to be the same strain as those that originally developed the resistance. So bacteria that cause other health problems could be affected. The prospect of colistin resistance spreading on a large scale is worrying, says Spencer, because there aren't any good alternatives. Spencer and his colleagues found the resistant E. coli bacteria in pork, pigs and people in China. "We found colistin resistance over a relatively large part of the south of the country," Spencer says. And he suspects it's not happening just in China: "The ease with which we've been able to see this resistance move between bacteria and the high incidence [of resistance] that we saw in this study would suggest to me that it's very likely that once people start looking for this outside of China, they'll find it very quickly. I don't think this is a problem that's local to China at all." While this transfer of drug resistance has been seen before, Spencer says this is the first time it's been seen for colistin. David Plunkett at the Center for Science in the Public Interest has been involved for years with the issue of the overuse of antibiotics in livestock production. Plunkett calls this new report out of China really frightening. "You're looking at the last line of defense against antibiotic resistance falling," he says. "And the potential for it now to spread not only in China but around the world — you're looking at the potential for untreatable epidemics." Indeed, public health officials have been warning about the impending "post-antibiotic era" for years. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that annually 2 million Americans are infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and more than 20,000 die from those infections. Each year the world's arsenal of antibiotics loses a bit more of its strength as bacteria mutate and develop resistance. The growing resistance stems from the overuse of antibiotics by humans, but also in livestock operations. To keep their herd healthy, farmers often preemptively give antibiotics to their animals even if none are sick. The Food and Drug Administration has been warning about the problem for decades. The World Health Organization has been lobbying to put restrictions on access to antibiotics globally. Earlier this year President Obama launched an action plan. Spencer says the world isn't going to lose access to antibiotics in the next few years, but still finds the rise of this resistance troubling. "People reach for colistin because that's the last resort," he says. "When colistin goes, it's very hard to see what the alternative would be." "Were this to happen on a large scale," he observes, "we'd have to ask whether some surgical procedures would simply be too dangerous because of the risk of infections that we are unable to combat effectively."

Stories: 1) Putting Puppies Behind Bars (For A Good Cause) 2) Forensic Vet Helps Prevent Animal Cruelty 3) Rescuing Katrina's Four-Legged Victims