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Question: Sustainable Development

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NPR's Christopher Joyce reports on the professionals who calculate the pricetag of nature: so-called, "ecological economists." Their profile is growing as delegates from around the world travel to South Africa for a summit on sustainable development later this month.

Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: Democratic Lawmakers In Texas Have Left The State To Try To Block Voting Restrictions

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The Texas House Democratic Caucus has confirmed that Democrats have fled the state in an effort to block Republican voting restrictions from advancing in a special legislative session.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Assessing the Art, Science of 'Inconvenient Truth'

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The new documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, is about global warming -- and former Vice President Al Gore's long quest to raise awareness about the issue. Bob Mondello, NPR film critic, and Richard Harris, NPR science correspondent, talk to Michele Norris about their evaluation of the art and science of An Inconvenient Truth. Film critic Mondello says he was "skeptical" before seeing the movie. Instead, he discovered an "elaborate, gorgeous" movie filled with impressive digital effects. He also found that the Al Gore of the film is a "different" Al Gore than the public is accustomed to hearing: pensive, funny and thoughtful about an issue that he calls a "planetary emergency." Science correspondent Harris agrees that the movie is effective, particularly in conveying the complexity of the issue.  "It really does take an hour and a half to start to really understand global warming," Harris says. He says Gore -- and the film -- get the "big picture" on climate change right. On some of the finer points, though, Harris says there is still scientific debate. And that sometimes isn't reflected as clearly in An Inconvenient Truth.  The reason behind the melting of Mount Kilimanjaro's snows is an example of this. As Harris notes, the snows have been melting since the turn of the last century. This may possibly be because of decreased rainfall, not increased temperatures, as Gore argues. MELISSA BLOCK, Host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Melissa Block. MICHELE NORRIS, Host:  And I'm Michele Norris. Al Gore's new film, An Inconvenient Truth, opens in theatres today. It's a documentary about climate change. Well, actually, it's about Al Gore and his long quest to raise awareness about global warming, an issue he calls a planetary emergency. The film was produced by Davis Guggenheim and as a starting point, it uses Al Gore's standard lecture on climate change, a slick presentation that includes charts, graphs, disturbing photographs and pithy cartoons. As Gore travels the globe to deliver that lecture time and time again, the film attempts to explain the science behind climate change and why more is not being done to reverse it. (SOUNDBITE OF AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH) AL GORE: I've seen scientists who were persecuted, ridiculed, deprived of jobs, income, simply because the facts they discovered led them to an inconvenient truth. NORRIS: We've turned to two our in-house experts to critique An Inconvenient Truth on the basis of both science and entertainment. Richard Harris has covered climate change for many years here at NPR and Bob Mondello is our resident film critic. Both are here with me in the studio. Good to be with both you. BOB MONDELLO: And you. RICHARD HARRIS: Likewise. NORRIS: Now it's a tall order to make a scintillating film that's essentially based on a slide show. I want to get to specifics in just a minute. But first of all, did the film hold up for you? First Bob. MONDELLO: Well, it's so much more than a slide show. It's really elaborate and gorgeous and lots of digital effects. And I think it's a pretty terrific picture. In fact, it's the kind of thing I was completely skeptical going in. When you hear that this is essentially him giving a lecture about global warming, you think, oh gosh, that's going to be dry as dust. But you could hear from that clip we just played that it's a different Al Gore than you're used to hearing. He's more pensive, he's more thoughtful and he's also pretty funny in the picture, which is kind of nice, too. NORRIS: But he walks us through quite a bit of science and he takes his time to do it. Was this effective for you, Richard? HARRIS: It was. And I came away from this thinking, wow, it really does take an hour and a half to start to really understand global warming. And I think that's one reason it's been such a difficult issue to convey. I mean I've been trying for years and years. A lot of people have been writing about it and reading about it, but it is a very deeply complicated issue. He did a good job in the big picture. People quibble about some of the details, but the big, big picture was, you know, I think he got the story across. NORRIS: The details are important, though, and I want to ask you about some of the specifics in the film. There's a section in the film where Al Gore actually talks about the debate over global warming. He tries to put this debate to rest. Does he essentially do that? Can we lay down the gavel now? HARRIS: Well it is absolutely the case that carbon dioxide is building up in the atmosphere. There's no question about that. There's no question that human activities are responsible for that carbon dioxide going into the atmosphere. There's also no question that carbon dioxide is capable of raising global temperature. So there is no controversy over that. However - and this is always the problem with global warming - is once you start to get into the particulars, that's where it starts to get sticky. And for example, one examp

Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'


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Question: Apple Isn't (Intentionally) Stealing Your Music, But You Might Want To Back Up Your Library

A blog post called "Apple Stole My Music" is making the rounds and its popularity highlights confusion about owning music in the age of streaming services.

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: Sustainable Development

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details.', "Opponents who have protested for weeks against a French job law reject President Jacques Chirac's compromise. The measure would make it easier for employers to fire younger workers."]" should be close to "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth!', "Chirac's Move on Jobs Law Doesn't End Protests"]"

The U.N. Conference on Sustainable Development kicks off Monday in Johannesburg, South Africa. Host Brian Naylor talks to NPR's Richard Harris about who'll be attending the conference, and what they hope to accomplish.


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Question: Folk Alley Presents: The Howlin' Brothers

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The Nashville string band The Howlin' Brothers — Jared Green, Ian Craft and Ben Plasse — got its name from a classical-guitar teacher in Ithaca, N.Y. There, the group was known for its lively performances of old-time and bluegrass music around campfires. Shortly thereafter, The Howlin' Brothers headed to Music City to make a home playing clubs and honky tonks in the area. Now in its ninth year, the band is out with a new album, Trouble — its second produced by The Raconteurs' Brendan Benson. Here, The Howlin' Brothers' members perform "Pack Up Joe" for WKSU's Folk Alley at the Beehive Productions studio in Saranac Lake, N.Y. SET LIST  "Pack Up Joe"

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A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: What Are You Giving Up For Lent?

Today is Ash Wednesday, the first day in the Christian season of Lent – the 40 days before Easter. Lent is about a lot of things, but the one everyone talks about is sacrifice: giving up something you really like. The Rev. James Martin, a Jesuit priest and editor-at-large of America magazine, discusses Lent, why it’s important and what he’s giving up this year, with Here & Now’s Jeremy Hobson. Guest

James Martin, Jesuit priest and editor-at-large of America magazine. His latest book is “Jesus: A Pilgrimage.” He tweets @JamesMartinSJ.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Border Clash; Uber-stepping Boundaries; Do They Know It's Condescension Time At All.


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Intellectual Property

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NPR's Kathy Schalch reports on efforts by trade representatives of the World Trade Organization (W.T.O.) to forge an agreement on intellectual property rights. The agreement that created the WTO requires member nations to change their laws, if necessary, to protect copyrights and patents. Some developing nations fear that the enforcement of intellectual property rules will hurt them. Some of the strictest rules involve pharmaceuticals.

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EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Monsanto Calls Bayer's $62 Billion Takeover Offer 'Financially Inadequate'

Monsanto has rejected a $62 billion takeover bid from Bayer as "incomplete and financially inadequate," but left the door open to further negotiations with the German chemical and pharmaceutical giant. "We believe in the substantial benefits an integrated strategy could provide to growers and broader society, and we have long respected Bayer's business," Monsanto Chairman and CEO Hugh Grant said in a statement. "However, the current proposal significantly undervalues our company and also does not adequately address or provide reassurance for some of the potential financing and regulatory execution risks related to the acquisition." The statement appears to signal that St. Louis-based Monsanto is open to further talks with Bayer but, as was widely expected, wants more money and better terms before it accepts a deal. The seed company also left the ball in Bayer's court, saying it wouldn't make any further statements. In the meantime, it said, no guarantee exists that a deal will be reached. Monsanto's decision to hold out for more money means Bayer will be forced to sweeten its terms, which likely won't sit well with investors. Many are already said to be worried about the impact of a deal on Bayer's bottom line, and shares of the company fell Monday after details of the offer were announced. A merger between the companies would create the world's largest supplier of seeds and agricultural chemicals. Monsanto is also a leader in the field of genetically modified seeds. But a slowdown in commodity prices and a drop in farm income have hurt the company, Bloomberg reported:  "Despite its preeminence in seeds, Monsanto has become vulnerable to a takeover as a number of problems piled up this year. The company has cut its earnings forecast, clashed with some of the world's largest commodity-trading companies and become locked in disputes with the governments of Argentina and India."  Bayer had no immediate comment about Monsanto's rejection of the bid.

Good Friday morning, here are our early headlines: Kerry Warns North Korea, But Holds Out Hope For Diplomacy.  Dodgers' $147 Million Ace Greinke Breaks Collarbone In Brawl.  And here are more early headlines: Deadly Spring Storm Exits Midwest, Heads South. (AP) Authorities Intercept Suspicious Package Addressed To Controversial Arizona Sheriff. (Arizona Republic) Bankruptcy Judge Rejects $20 Million Severance For American Airlines CEO. (Dallas Morning News) NASDAQ Cuts Its CEO's Bonus Over Bungled Facebook IPO. (Reuters) Venezuelans To Vote On Sunday For Chavez Successor. (Bloomberg) Bailed Out Cyprus To Ask For Fresh Financial Help. (BBC) Early American Christian Hymnal Could Fetch $30 Million At Auction. (Christian Post) Seaweed Latte, Bacon Coffee Featured At National Barista Competition. (CBS) At Masters Tournament, 14-Year-Old Golfer Plays Beyond His Years. (ESPN)


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Question: State Legislatures Shut Down Due To Coronavirus, Leaving Legislation On The Table

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Several state legislatures have called off their 2020 sessions due to the coronavirus outbreak, leaving necessary lawmaking in question.

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Question: Hillary Clinton Takes on Health Care Again

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In 1993, as first lady, Hillary Rodham Clinton led the Clinton administration's failed effort to provide universal health care coverage. Now, as Sen. Clinton (D-NY), she's raising new proposals for reforming the troubled health care system. Clinton's article "Now Can We Talk About Health Care?" will be the cover story in Sunday's New York Times Magazine. The former first lady discusses the article and her proposals with NPR's Scott Simon. Among her recommendations is legislation to prohibit insurance companies from discriminating against people whom genetic tests determine are susceptible to certain diseases.  She also favors establishing a system of electronic medical records that would give people who move or travel instant access to their medical information.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2.


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Question: How The Systemic Segregation Of Schools Is Maintained By 'Individual Choices'

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Sixty-three years after the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, many schools across the country either remain segregated or have re-segregated. Journalist Nikole Hannah-Jones tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross that when it comes to school segregation, separate is never truly equal. "There's never been a moment in the history of this country where black people who have been isolated from white people have gotten the same resources," Hannah-Jones says. "They often don't have the same level of instruction. They often don't have strong principals. They often don't have the same technology." Still, when it was time for Hannah-Jones' daughter, Najya, to attend kindergarten, the journalist chose the public school near their home in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, even though its students were almost all poor and black or Latino. Hannah-Jones later wrote about that decision in The New York Times Magazine. For Hannah-Jones, sending Najya to the neighborhood school was a moral issue. "It is important to understand that the inequality we see, school segregation, is both structural, it is systemic, but it's also upheld by individual choices," she says. "As long as individual parents continue to make choices that only benefit their own children ... we're not going to see a change." Hannah-Jones adds that her daughter is thriving at school. "I know she's learning a lot," she says. "I think it is making her a good citizen. ... It is teaching her that children who have less resources than her are not any less intelligent than her or not any less worthy than her."  Interview highlights On why she chose to send her young daughter to the public school in her neighborhood One of the things I've done in my work is kind of show the hypocrisy of progressive people who say they believe in inequality, but when it comes to their individual choices about where they're going to live and where they're going to send their children, they make very different decisions, and I just didn't want to do that. So for me it was a matter of needing to live my values, and not being someone who contributed to the inequality that I write about. On the importance of having students from different races and income levels in the public schools The original mission of public schools ... is this understanding that no matter where you come from, you will go into the doors of a school and every child will receive the same education. And no, my daughter is not going to get an education that she would get if I paid $40,000 a year in private-school tuition, but that's kind of the whole point of public schools. And I say this — and it always feels weird when I say it as a parent, because a lot of other parents look at you a little like you're maybe not as good of a parent — I don't think she's deserving of more than other kids. I just don't. I think that we can't say "This school is not good enough for my child" and then sustain that system. I think that that's just morally wrong. If it's not good enough for my child, then why are we putting any children in those schools?  On the history of school desegregation since the 1954 Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education  Brown v. Board happens, and the way that we're taught it or the myth about it is immediately our nation repented and went into an integrated future together. That's not what happened. There was massive resistance, and we don't see real desegregation occurring in this country until 1964, and really most rapidly from 1968 on. ... Then you see pretty rapid desegregation particularly in the South, but then that changes, and in 1988 we start to go backwards. So we reach kind of the peak of schools integrating, of black students attending majority white schools at the highest rates that they ever have in the country, and then we start to see school districts re-segregating, which means black students are starting to go to schools that are more and more segregated. And school districts that had had a degree of integration are losing that integration. ... On American resistance to desegregating schools and housing When I started what I kind of call the segregation beat about five years ago ... I think we had stopped talking about this as a problem. If you look at No Child Left Behind, which comes out of the Bush administration, that was all about giving up on integration in schools and just saying, "We're going to make these poor black and Latino schools equal to white schools by testing and accountability." So no one was discussing integration anymore. I think it's because ... we never really wanted this. ... It's always had to be forced, and as soon as ... our elected officials and our courts lost the will to force it, most white Americans were just fine with that. ... One of the things that I really try to do with my work is show how racial segregation and racial inequality was intentionally created with a ton of resources. From the federal government, to the state, to city govern

Stories: 1) Heroin, The Taliban And The 'Seeds Of Terror' 2) Reducing Suicide Rates In The Military


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Question: Disability Insurance

-- Host Bob Edwards talks with Nancy Lloyd, editor-at-large for Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine. She says disablity insurance is something you hope you won't need but is good to have.

School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: The CDC Must Rethink Its Mask Guidance, Says Former U.S. Surgeon General

With the highly contagious delta variant fueling a rise in COVID-19 cases, Dr. Jerome Adams — the surgeon general under former President Donald Trump who once advised against mask-wearing — now says even the vaccinated may need to mask up. Adams is part of a growing chorus of criticism of the CDC guidance, issued in  May, that people who are fully vaccinated can resume activities indoors and outdoors without masks. The messaging, Adams told NPR's Morning Edition, "has just absolutely, unequivocally failed." "More people than ever — vaccinated and unvaccinated — are going maskless," he said. "It doesn't seem to have convinced anyone to get vaccinated." Adams said the CDC needs to change guidance on masking requirements again in light of new virus outbreaks and the more contagious delta variant. The delta variant — which is more than 200% more transmissible than the original coronavirus — is pushing cases up in the United States: The number of people getting COVID-19 has nearly tripled since a month ago. Outbreaks are clustered in areas that have low vaccination rates. But the spread is also happening among the vaccinated, and as a result, Adams said, new mask guidance may be necessary. Recently, new virus spikes led Los Angeles County to restore its indoor mask mandate, even for those who are vaccinated. And the American Academy of Pediatrics issued new guidelines for schools, recommending that everyone over age 2 – vaccinated or not — wear masks in classrooms this fall. "We need both vaccinated and unvaccinated adults to take this seriously. And taking it seriously means if your local health officials say cases are going up and positivity rates are going up in your location, you may need to 'vax it and mask it,' " he said. Adams said the problem with the CDC's current messaging is that what people heard was "no more masks." Plus, he said, the guidance was rolled out quickly and left many unanswered questions. Businesses "just throw their hands up in the air and say 'Hey, we don't have a way to figure out who's vaccinated or who's not, so no masks for anybody,' " he said. Here are excerpts of the Morning Edition conversation: Does the guidance need to change? I absolutely think that the CDC needs to come out and say to people, "Look, this virus is changing rapidly." Because here is something else that people don't understand. When you look at [data released by the Israeli government], the Pfizer vaccine was still incredibly effective at preventing severe disease and hospitalization but 64% effective at stopping spread. So even the vaccinated now could be spreading – much less spread relative to being unvaccinated but that's being counteracted by delta being so much more contagious. We cannot afford to send the message that if you're vaccinated you have no worries and no responsibilities. How likely is it that vaccinated people will be able to catch COVID-19 and show symptoms? Well, we still don't know that yet. And that's one of the challenges. ... The messaging that Tony Fauci and I had last year on masking – one of the things is this virus has humbled us. What we thought we knew changes very quickly. We thought there was low asymptomatic spread. We, quite frankly, were not suspicious enough of reports that there were high degrees of asymptomatic spread, and our messaging didn't reflect what ultimately came to be true. This delta variant is changing what we thought we knew. And again, when you look at boosters, particularly for people who are vulnerable or older, it may be that at least in terms of stopping spread, that we need to, again, focus on vaccinated as well as unvaccinated. We don't know what we don't know, but that's frustrating and a little scary to know that you and Dr. Fauci didn't know as much or more than us last year. We're looking to you to tell us what to do and lead us.  Exactly. One of the things that we need to have comfort in is letting the public understand that we are trying to build the plane as we're flying it, that this virus is changing in real time, and that's how the scientific process works. Science isn't a destination. It's a journey. We need to have the courage to say, look, that we had this as our hypothesis, it didn't prove to be true, now we've got to course correct. The hypothesis that if we told people "vax it or mask it" it would encourage more people to get vaccinated has failed. So we need to change the message. What should people be doing when they're considering going out, say to the store?  They need to consider where they're going, who they're going to be around, whether they're vaccinated or not and whether they can ensure themselves that the people around them are going to be vaccinated. So me personally, if I'm going out around people who I all know are vaccinated, right now I don't wear a mask. If I go out around people who I'm not sure whether or not they're vaccinated, I'm going to be much more likely to wear a mask. And I'm always going to make sure I'm ca

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- McCain Takes Swipe At President For Vietnam 'Bone Spur' Deferment. -- Director James Toubek Accused Of Harassment By Dozens Of Women. -- AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka Wins A Third 4-Year Term. -- Digging In The Mud To See What Toxic Substances Were Spread By Hurricane Harvey. -- David Letterman Honored With Twain Award For American Comedy.  And here are more early headlines: Schumer Seeks "CEO" For Disaster Recovery In Puerto Rico. (The Hill) Sgt. Bergdahl's Sentencing Hearing Opens Today. (CNN) Vietnam Veteran Who Saved Dozens To Receive Medal Of Honor. (ABC) Catalan Officials To Resist Spanish Government Takeover. (BBC) After Criticism, W.H.O. Rescinds Zimbabwe Leader's Appointment. (Washington Post) Philippines Says Assault On Marawi Militants Is Over. (Reuters) India's Government Tells Myanmar To Take Back Rohingyas. (AP)


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Question: Medicare Web 'Drug Finder' Hits Snags

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Just days before enrollment begins for Medicare's new prescription drug benefit, Medicare officials finally got a crucial program up and running on their Web site. The new "Prescription Drug Plan Finder" is supposed to help people pick their drug coverage.  Medicare beneficiaries in most parts of the country have more than 40 different plans to choose from.  But a new survey finds that it's going to take a lot more than an elaborate computer program to help seniors sign up.  When Medicare officials demonstrated the new Drug Plan Finder for reporters earlier this week, Medicare's Mary Agnes Laureno searched for a benefit plan for a fictitious Iowa widow, Mary Jones, who takes three drugs to treat her diabetes and high blood pressure.  "You can see here we have the pharmacies that are available in this plan's network in this geographic area," Laureno explains with the click of her mouse. But making choices using the program got more complicated, particularly when it became clear that the drug plan the program picked as the best and cheapest for Mary Jones was one that didn't cover her diabetes drug. "You can see here with the Glucophage, it has the two little asterisks saying this drug is not on the plan's formulary," said Laureno. That means  Mrs. Jones would have to pay the full cost of that medication from her own pocket. Drug Plan Finder has other complex features, too. In some cases the Web program has footnotes that show the program does not have all the information a Medicare recipient needs.  Deane Beebe of the Medicare Rights Center, a New York-based consumer group, encountered a footnote while she was testing the program. "It explained that there may be rules like prior authorization, quantity limits, or step therapy in order to receive my drug. And it asked me to call the drug plan to find out more about that," Beebe said. But that didn't turn out to be so easy. After waiting on hold for 10 minutes, "I did finally speak to somebody who said to me that it was a very good idea for me to call and ask these questions, but he was unable to give me an answer," she said. He transferred her to another person who he said could help, but, according to Beebe, after another half hour wait, "nobody ever came through on the line and I had to hang up."  Mark McClellan, who heads the Medicare program, says the Drug Plan Finder is a valuable tool for Medicare beneficiaries to use.  He says, "This is an unprecedented program in terms of the level of detail available about prescription drug costs on your medicine at your local pharmacy." He maintains it is an effective "way for people to make a confident decision about coverage."  But it turns out that Medicare beneficiaries are anything but confident about the new Medicare prescription drug program. A survey of people eligible for Medicare was released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation and Harvard School of Public Health. Harvard's Robert Blendon, who analyzed the poll says,  "If the choice were made today, a lot of seniors would not be enrolling in a drug benefit." The survey polled more than 800 seniors and was conducted in late October. It found that only a fifth of Medicare beneficiaries definitely plan to sign up for the new coverage, including fewer than a third of those who don't have any drug coverage now. Forty-five percent of those who said they're not sure if they'll participate said they doubt the optional drug benefit will save them money. Thirty-seven percent said they're just plain overwhelmed by the number of choices involved in signing up for the program.   The survey also cast doubt on how much Medicare's new Web program will help those people. Less than a quarter of the Medicare beneficiaries said they've ever even been on the Internet. And while operators staffing the program's toll-free 1-800-MEDICARE hotline can walk those without computer access through their options, nearly half of those surveyed were also unaware of that service.      RENEE MONTAGNE, host:       Enrollment may begin in Medicare's new prescription drug benefit next      Tuesday. This week, Medicare officials finally got a crucial program      running on their Web site.  It's supposed to help people pick a drug      plan, but a new survey finds that it's going to take a lot more than a      fancy computer program to help seniors sign up.  NPR's Julie Rovner      reports.       JULIE ROVNER reporting:       It's different in different parts of the country, but generally, Medicare      beneficiaries have more than 40 separate choices for prescription drug      coverage.  Medicare officials hope their new Web program will help      seniors succeed at sorting through all their drug coverage options.      Earlier this week, Medicare's Mary Agnes Luareno demonstrated the program      for reporters. She was searching for a plan for a fictitious Iowa widow      named Mary Jones, who takes three drugs to treat her diabetes and high      blood pressure.  At first, the task seemed

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: American Exceptionalism

Host Bob Edwards and writer John Parker discuss the reasons why U.S. foreign policy takes a different form from European diplomacy. Parker says America's traditional emphasis on patriotism, religion and individualism lead it to impose itself as democratic model on the rest of the world. Parker authored a series of articles on the subject in the latest issue of The Economist magazine.

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Question: Non-Governmental Organizations

NPR's Eric Westervelt in Kabul reports on the slow pace of efforts to reconstruct Afghanistan. In the wake of the fall of the Taliban, the international community pledged billions of dollars to help rebuild the country, shattered by nearly a quarter century of warfare. But so far, little financial aid has actually been channeled to the Kabul government.

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: National Weather Service

Noah speaks with Kevin Darmofal, a lead meteorologist for the National Weather Service about the deadly tornadoes that hit Plains states yesterday. Darmofal talks about tracking tornadoes using radar equipment and reports from volunteer tornado spotters.


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Question: Sustainable Development

Leaders from around the world are meeting in Johannesburg, South Africa at the United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development. Tavis Smiley gets a report from NPR's Richard Harris in Johannesburg, and then talks with Timothy Docking of the U.S. Institute of Peace, and Liana Stupples, campaigns director for Friends of the Earth.

Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: Actor And Martial Arts Legend Sonny Chiba Has Died At 82

Shinichi "Sonny" Chiba looked like he knew how to crack a skull. In his 1974 international breakout movie, The Street Fighter, Chiba plays a mercenary who relentlessly smashes goons' faces, breaks their bones and punches them so hard they spit up in visceral gushes. A cult figure in the United States, Chiba found wider popularity after appearing in such films as the Kill Bill series and The Fast and The Furious: Tokyo Drift. Chiba died Thursday at age 82, his management company announced. His friend Ryuji Yamakita, the director and producer of Chiba's final film, confirmed he died in a hospital in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, following complications from COVID-19. Sonny Chiba was a prolific actor in Japanese film and TV, working closely with the famed production company Toei. His fame broadened with the international release of The Street Fighter, a bloody trudge through the Japanese underground that upon its American release was billed as having the "first X-rated fight scenes in screen history." The movie lived up to its press hype, with Sonny Chiba brute-forcing his way through nameless bad guys. (Be warned that in the clip below, Chiba punches out an opponent's teeth).  Perhaps Chiba's biggest booster in the United States was writer and director Quentin Tarantino, who wrote a reference to him into 1993's True Romance, cribbed the famed Ezekiel 25:17 speech in Pulp Fiction from the opening of a Chiba movie, and finally cast him as the retired swordsmith Hattori Hanzo in the Kill Bill movies.  Outside of his onscreen work, Chiba formed the Japan Action Club, where he trained aspiring martial arts actors and stunt workers. This was inspired by a love of American action movies, he told the crowd through a translator at GalaxyCon Raleigh in 2019. He said that people misunderstood the "action" in the group's name to refer to "action movies." Instead, he said, he meant it to refer to filmmaking more broadly—as in lights, camera, action.

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Stories: 1) Charting The Career Of 'Iron' Mike Tyson (Part 1) 2) Talking 'Tyson' With Filmmaker James Toback 3) Charting The Career Of 'Iron' Mike Tyson (Part 2)


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Canadian PM Trudeau Says Rail Barricades 'Must Come Down', Doesn't Say How

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Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says that the barricades that have blocked railways in the country for two weeks must come down, calling the situation "unacceptable and untenable." Indigenous and environmental protesters have blocked key railways, shutting rail traffic in much of the country. Protesters are trying to stop the 416-mile, $4.68 billion Coastal GasLink pipeline project in British Columbia, which is being built through the lands of the Wet'suwet'en First Nations people. After police removed Wet'suwet'en protesters from the path of the natural gas pipeline, opponents shifted to blocking railway lines as a way of bringing the issue to national attention. Protesters have erected blockades in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec in solidarity with the Wet'suwet'en people. In a news conference Friday afternoon, Trudeau spoke at length about the need for the barricades to be removed, but he offered no specifics about steps the government would take to make that happen. "The leadership within these indigenous communities will find a way to bring down these barricades peacefully, but as a federal government, we have exhausted our capacity to engage in a positive, substantive active way, at our initiative, to resolve this," he said. "The onus has now shifted to onto indigenous leadership to look to continue this path of reconciliation in this difficult situation." Molly Wickham, spokesperson for the Wet'suwet'en protesters, told NPR they won't back down until the pipeline is halted: "The federal government and the province both have a responsibility to acknowledge that the Wet'suwet'en have never ceded, surrendered or extinguished our title to our lands. And we have full jurisdiction and authorization to make decisions on our territory." Among the requests by Wet'suwet'en hereditary leadership is that the Royal Canadian Mounted Police remove its temporary command post on Wet'suwet'en land, which the RCMP has agreed to do. Trudeau indicated what the police should do: "The responsibility of law enforcement in this country is to keep the peace and ensure that laws are enforced — and indeed to enforce those laws. How they do that, and when they do that is part of their responsibility and their professionalism." The Canadian National Railway has laid off 450 people temporarily due to the blockage, while the Via Rail passenger service has laid off about 1,000, Reuters reports. The barricades have caused shortages in propane for heating livestock barns and slowed deliveries of grain. Containers have been piling up at Canada's largest ports and some 50 ships are waiting to unload in Vancouver, according to The Associated Press. Conservatives have called on Trudeau to clear the blockages, but he has been insistent on resolving the problem peacefully. "My message is that injunctions must be obeyed, barricades must come down, but we must look to see this happen peacefully," he said. "We must look to be able to continue on this path of reconciliation that is not and will never be easy. But that requires a partnership and a trust that needs to be built on positive actions."

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Trump to Detail Tougher Line On Iran's Nuclear Program. -- 31 Killed In Deadliest Week For Wildfires In California's History. -- Trump Administration To End Obamacare Subsidies For The Poor. -- Poll: Majorities Of Both Parties Favor Increased Gun Restrictions.  -- 'The Taliban Can't Win', Says Commander Of U.S. Forces In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: Speaker Ryan Heads To Puerto Rico, Says Island Needs Aid. (The Hill) Next Year's Social Security Increase To Be Announced Today. (AP) Small Quake In North Korea Suggests Instability At Nuke Test Site.  (Reuters) Regulator Warns Slides On Some Airbus Jets May Be Faulty. (Bloomberg) Man In Police Car Chase Had That On "Bucket List". (KCCI)


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Question: The Associated Press

Forum sits down with journalist Scott Lindlaw of the Associated Press to discuss the new book, "Breaking News: How The Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace and Everything Else."

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Bernard Ebbers, Telecom CEO Sent To Prison In Accounting Scandal, Dies

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Former WorldCom CEO Bernard Ebbers, the "telecom cowboy" who spent 13 years in federal prison for his involvement in a notorious $11 billion accounting scandal, died Sunday. He was 78. A federal judge had released Ebbers from prison in December — short of his 25-year sentence for fraud — because his health had deteriorated. A former Mississippi basketball coach who preferred cowboy boots and jeans to suits and ties, Ebbers was one of the most colorful and successful executives to emerge out of the telecommunications revolution. He created a small long-distance company called LDDS and then relentlessly expanded it through a series of debt-fueled mergers and acquisitions.  In 1998, the company, renamed WorldCom, stunned the industry by acquiring MCI, the second-largest U.S. long-distance carrier, for $47 billion. A subsequent attempt to buy the third-largest carrier, Sprint, was blocked by regulators. Ebbers became personally very wealthy, buying hotels, golf courses, a trucking company and a large ranch in Canada. Everything began to unravel in 2000, when MCI WorldCom's stock price fell, during the dotcom bust. It soon emerged that MCI WorldCom had personally lent Ebbers some $400 million to cover loans he'd made against his own shares of stock. A subsequent investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission revealed the company had been disguising operating costs as capital expenses, and Ebbers was fired as CEO in 2002. MCI WorldCom declared bankruptcy and was later acquired by Verizon for $8.5 billion. Former U.S. Attorney General Richard Thornburgh, who was hired by a federal bankruptcy court to examine WorldCom's finances, reported that the company engaged in "a smorgasbord of manipulative schemes designed to cook the books to falsely state the earnings and sustain the price of the stock." "There appeared to be a breakdown in all of the checks that were designed to ensure the integrity of the operation, its transparency and its responsiveness to shareholder interest," Thornburgh wrote in his report. Ebbers maintained that he was unaware of the fraud and that it was engineered by Scott Sullivan, the company's chief financial officer.  "I believe that no one will conclude that I engaged in any criminal or fraudulent conduct during my tenure at WorldCom," Ebbers said at a 2002 congressional hearing, where he nevertheless pleaded the Fifth Amendment and declined to answer questions. But a federal jury found Ebbers guilty in 2005 and he was sentenced to 25 years in prison. Sullivan, who cooperated with prosecutors, received a five-year sentence.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: NIH Statement Raises Questions About AstraZeneca's Vaccine Data

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A U.S. trial of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine may have used outdated information. A statement by the National Institutes of Health says an incomplete view of efficacy data may have been provided.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Al-Qaida Spokesman: I Warned Bin Laden That U.S. Would Kill Him

Sulaiman Abu Ghaith, Osama bin Laden's son-in-law, took the stand in his trial in New York on Wednesday, telling the jury that he warned the al-Qaida leader that America would "not settle until it kills you." In the surprise testimony, Abu Ghaith recalled a conversation with bin Laden in a cave in Afghanistan after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. "Did you learn what happened? We are the ones who did it," Ghaith recalled, through an Arabic interpreter, his infamous father-in-law asking. When bin Laden asked Abu Ghaith what he thought would happen next, he responded that he predicted America "will not settle until it kills you and topples the state of Taliban." "You're being too pessimistic," Abu Ghaith quoted bin Laden as replying. Bin Laden then told the onetime imam, "I want to deliver a message to the world. ... I want you to deliver the message," he said. Abu Ghaith, 48, went on trial in Manhattan federal court on March 5. He says he tried to refuse the assignment to be al-Qaida's spokesman. He says he asked bin Laden to "kindly spare me this mission." The decision by Abu Ghaith, who is accused of conspiring to kill Americans and aiding al-Qaida, to take the witness stand was announced by his lawyer, Stanley Cohen. The announcement was a surprise and the nearly empty courtroom quickly filled with spectators as word spread, according to The Associated Press. The AP writes:  "Abu Ghaith said he knew bin Laden was suspected in terrorist attacks but still 'wanted to get to know that person.' "I wanted to see what he had, what is it he wanted,' he said." "The defendant testified that videos he made warning that there would be more attacks on Americans and trying to inspire others to join al-Qaida's cause were based on 'quotes and points by Sheik Osama,' including at threat in one video that 'the storm of airplanes will not abate.' He also denied allegations by the government that he had prior knowledge of the failed shoe-bomb airline attack by Richard Reid in December 2001."

Stories: 1) Lawrence Wright: Bin Laden's Death 'Long In Coming' 2) How Some Made Millions Betting Against The Market


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Question: The Associated Press


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Question: Disability Insurance

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-- Host Bob Edwards talks with Nancy Lloyd, editor-at-large for Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine. She says disablity insurance is something you hope you won't need but is good to have.

School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: Cannes Film Festival

Host Alex Chadwick speaks with Los Angeles Times film critic Kenneth Turan about the Cannes Film Festival, where a longer cut of Apocalypse Now and a new film by Jean-Luc Goddard are being screened.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: The Associated Press

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Question: The CDC Must Rethink Its Mask Guidance, Says Former U.S. Surgeon General

With the highly contagious delta variant fueling a rise in COVID-19 cases, Dr. Jerome Adams — the surgeon general under former President Donald Trump who once advised against mask-wearing — now says even the vaccinated may need to mask up. Adams is part of a growing chorus of criticism of the CDC guidance, issued in  May, that people who are fully vaccinated can resume activities indoors and outdoors without masks. The messaging, Adams told NPR's Morning Edition, "has just absolutely, unequivocally failed." "More people than ever — vaccinated and unvaccinated — are going maskless," he said. "It doesn't seem to have convinced anyone to get vaccinated." Adams said the CDC needs to change guidance on masking requirements again in light of new virus outbreaks and the more contagious delta variant. The delta variant — which is more than 200% more transmissible than the original coronavirus — is pushing cases up in the United States: The number of people getting COVID-19 has nearly tripled since a month ago. Outbreaks are clustered in areas that have low vaccination rates. But the spread is also happening among the vaccinated, and as a result, Adams said, new mask guidance may be necessary. Recently, new virus spikes led Los Angeles County to restore its indoor mask mandate, even for those who are vaccinated. And the American Academy of Pediatrics issued new guidelines for schools, recommending that everyone over age 2 – vaccinated or not — wear masks in classrooms this fall. "We need both vaccinated and unvaccinated adults to take this seriously. And taking it seriously means if your local health officials say cases are going up and positivity rates are going up in your location, you may need to 'vax it and mask it,' " he said. Adams said the problem with the CDC's current messaging is that what people heard was "no more masks." Plus, he said, the guidance was rolled out quickly and left many unanswered questions. Businesses "just throw their hands up in the air and say 'Hey, we don't have a way to figure out who's vaccinated or who's not, so no masks for anybody,' " he said. Here are excerpts of the Morning Edition conversation: Does the guidance need to change? I absolutely think that the CDC needs to come out and say to people, "Look, this virus is changing rapidly." Because here is something else that people don't understand. When you look at [data released by the Israeli government], the Pfizer vaccine was still incredibly effective at preventing severe disease and hospitalization but 64% effective at stopping spread. So even the vaccinated now could be spreading – much less spread relative to being unvaccinated but that's being counteracted by delta being so much more contagious. We cannot afford to send the message that if you're vaccinated you have no worries and no responsibilities. How likely is it that vaccinated people will be able to catch COVID-19 and show symptoms? Well, we still don't know that yet. And that's one of the challenges. ... The messaging that Tony Fauci and I had last year on masking – one of the things is this virus has humbled us. What we thought we knew changes very quickly. We thought there was low asymptomatic spread. We, quite frankly, were not suspicious enough of reports that there were high degrees of asymptomatic spread, and our messaging didn't reflect what ultimately came to be true. This delta variant is changing what we thought we knew. And again, when you look at boosters, particularly for people who are vulnerable or older, it may be that at least in terms of stopping spread, that we need to, again, focus on vaccinated as well as unvaccinated. We don't know what we don't know, but that's frustrating and a little scary to know that you and Dr. Fauci didn't know as much or more than us last year. We're looking to you to tell us what to do and lead us.  Exactly. One of the things that we need to have comfort in is letting the public understand that we are trying to build the plane as we're flying it, that this virus is changing in real time, and that's how the scientific process works. Science isn't a destination. It's a journey. We need to have the courage to say, look, that we had this as our hypothesis, it didn't prove to be true, now we've got to course correct. The hypothesis that if we told people "vax it or mask it" it would encourage more people to get vaccinated has failed. So we need to change the message. What should people be doing when they're considering going out, say to the store?  They need to consider where they're going, who they're going to be around, whether they're vaccinated or not and whether they can ensure themselves that the people around them are going to be vaccinated. So me personally, if I'm going out around people who I all know are vaccinated, right now I don't wear a mask. If I go out around people who I'm not sure whether or not they're vaccinated, I'm going to be much more likely to wear a mask. And I'm always going to make sure I'm ca

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- McCain Takes Swipe At President For Vietnam 'Bone Spur' Deferment. -- Director James Toubek Accused Of Harassment By Dozens Of Women. -- AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka Wins A Third 4-Year Term. -- Digging In The Mud To See What Toxic Substances Were Spread By Hurricane Harvey. -- David Letterman Honored With Twain Award For American Comedy.  And here are more early headlines: Schumer Seeks "CEO" For Disaster Recovery In Puerto Rico. (The Hill) Sgt. Bergdahl's Sentencing Hearing Opens Today. (CNN) Vietnam Veteran Who Saved Dozens To Receive Medal Of Honor. (ABC) Catalan Officials To Resist Spanish Government Takeover. (BBC) After Criticism, W.H.O. Rescinds Zimbabwe Leader's Appointment. (Washington Post) Philippines Says Assault On Marawi Militants Is Over. (Reuters) India's Government Tells Myanmar To Take Back Rohingyas. (AP)


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Question: Antifa Didn't Storm The Capitol. Just Ask The Rioters.

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Nearly as soon as the tear gas settled on the U.S. Capitol grounds on Jan. 6, the conspiracy theory began to pick up steam. "Earlier today, the Capitol was under siege by people who can only be described as antithetical to the MAGA movement," Laura Ingraham told her viewers on Fox News that night. "They were likely not all Trump supporters, and there are some reports that antifa sympathizers may have been sprinkled throughout the crowd." Sean Hannity and Tucker Carlson echoed similar sentiments on Fox that night, and in the day following the attack, Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., Rep. Paul Gosar, R.-Ariz., and Rep. Mo Brooks, R-Ala., all repeated the conspiracy theory as well. The morning after the riot, so did Rush Limbaugh. In those 24 hours, the lie that the rioters were actually antifa was mentioned more than 400,000 times online. It peaked on the anonymous imageboard site 4chan around 1 p.m. on Jan. 6, according to the Social Media Analysis Toolkit, which is around the same time that the barriers at the Capitol were breached. Then the sowing of doubt spread further: first on Parler and Twitter, then on Reddit, then on Fox News and in the halls of Congress. There was no evidence for these claims then, and there still isn't any now. Shortly after the riot, the FBI directly refuted the conspiracy theory, saying there is "no indication" that antifa — a decentralized collection of far-left groups and individuals — was involved. To date, no one who has since been charged in the attack appears to have any connection to the anti-fascist movement either. Still, the idea has stuck. On Feb. 12, one of former President Donald Trump's attorneys echoed it at Trump's second impeachment trial. On Feb. 23, during the first hearing regarding the breach at the Capitol, Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wis., blamed the attack on "fake Trump protesters" and "agents provocateurs" presumed to be antifa or "leftist agitators." And in a Suffolk University/USA Today poll released last week, 58% of Trump voters said they viewed the events of Jan. 6 as "mostly an antifa-inspired attack that only involved a few Trump supporters." But an NPR analysis of more than 280 people charged in the Capitol insurrection reveals a far different picture of the attack than the one painted by this baseless conspiracy theory — and it comes from the perspective of the rioters themselves. The individuals charged for their alleged involvement on Jan. 6 show a dogged fixation on antifa, not unlike the right-wing media. More than 1 in 10 specifically mentioned antifa by name regarding Jan. 6 at some point before, during or after the riot, according to court documents. They spoke of antifa to law enforcement but also in text messages, on Facebook, Twitter and Parler, and to some of the people who ultimately turned them in to the FBI. A handful repeated the conspiracy theory that antifa individuals were among the mob in a significant and organized way, but the vast majority did not, according to NPR's analysis. In fact, some rioters seemed annoyed that antifa was getting the credit for the Capitol attack, and they took to social media to say so. "Listen up: I hear so many reports of 'Antifa' was storming the capital [sic] building. Know that every single person who believes that narrative have been DUPED AGAIN!" Ryan Taylor Nichols, a Marine Corps veteran charged in the attack, posted on Facebook on Jan. 7, according to court documents. "Sure, there may have been some 'Antifa' in DC, but there wasn't enough to 'Storm the Capital' [sic] themselves." Court documents show another man charged in the riot, Brandon Straka, wrote on Twitter on Jan. 6: "It was not Antifa at the Capitol. It was freedom loving Patriots who were DESPERATE to fight for the final hope of our Republic." Jonathan Gennaro Mellis, charged with assault for allegedly trying to stab police officers with a large stick, put it simply on Facebook: "Don't you dare try to tell me that people are blaming this on antifa and BLM. We proudly take responsibility for storming the Castle." The birth of a "boogeyman" Many alleged rioters spoke of antifa as if the movement were an enemy combatant in a war, court documents show, and they were doing so before Jan. 6. The chatter on 4chan ahead of the riot, for instance, wasn't just about "stopping the steal," says Randy Blazak, the chair of the Oregon Coalition Against Hate Crime, who has researched extremist movements for 30 years. "There was also this notion that if you come to Washington, not only [do] you have a chance to stop the steal, you'll get to bulldoze your way through the antifa folks who are there hand in hand with Congress ... so it was kind of a bonus," Blazak says. Several rioters said they brought a weapon to the Capitol because of the perceived threat of antifa, according to court documents. David Alan Blair, who is accused of hitting a police officer with a lacrosse stick that had a Confederate flag taped to it, told police he had a knife on him because h

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: All Eyes on Ohio's 20 Electoral Votes

The state of Ohio remains in dispute, and provisional ballots cast there won't be counted until days after the election. The hard-fought contest for the White House hinges on the state and its cache of 20 electoral votes.  NPR's Anthony Brooks is following the story.


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Question: The Historical Jesus

GUESTS:  John Dominic Crossan  Chair, Historical Jesus Section, Society of Biblical Literature  Former co-director, The Jesus Seminar  Author, The Birth of Christianity: Discovering What Happened in the Years Immediately After the Execution of Jesus [Harper San Francisco, 1998]   The resurrection of Jesus after his crucifixion marks the holiest of holidays on the Christian calender — Easter. To most Christians, Jesus's rise from the dead is a miraculous event, one of many miracles that is accepted as Biblical fact. But to some scholars the resurrection is a metaphorical story not to be taken literally Join NPR's religion correspondent Lynn Neary for a pre-Easter discussion about finding the historical Jesus.

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Question: Everything You Need To Know To Enjoy This Year's Parade Of Nations

The most anticipated part of any Olympic opening ceremony is the Parade of Nations — when athletes from each competing country enter the stadium together, marching under their flag. Here's everything you need to enjoy this year's event, including some flag bearers to keep your eye out for. When did the Parade of Nations begin?  The first Parade of Nations took place at the London Games in 1908. Why isn't the Parade Of Nations in alphabetical order? With a few key exceptions, they do arrive in alphabetical order — just not according to the English alphabet (unless an English-speaking nation is hosting!) The order is alphabetical by the names of the nations as they're spelled in the host country's language. So for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Iceland came before Azerbaijan.  There are two exceptions to this though:  Greece always enters first. The modern Olympic Games began in Athens in 1896. So Greece gets the honor of starting in the Parade of Nations. The countries that are hosting the next few Games go at the end, with the host country last. So for this 2020 Summer Olympics, the last three countries will be the U.S. (the hosts of the 2028 games); France (the 2024 hosts); and finally this year's host, Japan.  Who are the flag bearers in the 2020 Summer Olympics Parade Of Nations? Athletes from the 205 participating countries (and the refugee team) carry their country's flag into the opening ceremony. For the first time, this year each nation was represented by two flag bearers each: one male and one female athlete. Here's the full list of countries and flag bearers.  But as you're watching this year's opening ceremony, here are a few to keep your eye out for:  U.S. flag bearers Eddy Alvarez and Sue Bird: As NPR's Merrit Kennedy puts it, Alvarez is a first-generation Cuban American, 31, is competing on the U.S. baseball team. He won a silver medal in speed skating at the Sochi Winter Games in 2014 and is aiming to become just the sixth athlete to medal in both the Winter and Summer Games. Alvarez was selected by his fellow athletes to be one of Team USA's two flag bearers. The other is U.S. women's basketball legend and five-time Olympian Sue Bird. Jamaican sprinter Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce: The legendary sprinter has won the 100-meter final in two previous Olympics and aims to become the first woman to win three gold medals at this distance. British rower Mohamed Sbihi: Sbihi is making history as the first Muslim to carry the British flag at an Olympic opening ceremony. He won a gold medal at the Rio Olympics.  Rui Hachimura of Japan: Hachimura, 23, became the first Japanese player ever selected in the first round of the NBA Draft in 2019, when he was picked by the Washington Wizards, for whom he still plays. Tonga's shirtless sensation, Pita Taufatofua, is back. Tongan Taekwando athlete Pita Taufatofua first set the internet aflame at the opening ceremony of the Rio Summer Games in 2016, where he won hearts and blew minds as a bare-chested, oiled-up flag bearer. Two years later, he competed in the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics as a cross-country skiier (after just 12 weeks of training in snow) and reprised his role as shirtless flag bearer once again. He's back in Toyko to compete in Taekwando. And ... he's done it again (this time carrying the flag with fellow Taekwando athlete Malia Paseka).  This story originally appeared on the Morning Edition live blog.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: Democrats Unleashed Some 'Dubious Or Misleading Claims,' Fact Checkers Say. Michelle Obama: 'Being President...Reveals Who You Are.' And here are other morning headlines: Deadly Shooting Breaks Out At Victory Party For Quebec's First Female Premier-Elect. (CTV) U.N. Says Nations Arming Both Sides In Syrian Conflict. (Reuters) Hurricane Isaac Washed Old Tar Ashore In Louisiana, Triggering Fishing Restrictions. (AP) Pirates Off Nigeria's Coast Hijack Oil Tanker. (BBC) Unification Church Readies For Thousands Attending Rev. Moon's Funeral. (AFP) Striking Workers March Near Troubled South African Platinum Mine. (AFP) Apple Issues Invitation To Mystery 'Event': Could It Be A New IPhone? (CNET) The Pigs Of 'Angry Birds' Fame Get Their Own Mobile Game. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Forum sits down with journalist Scott Lindlaw of the Associated Press to discuss the new book, "Breaking News: How The Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace and Everything Else."


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Question: International Cooperation

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Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri met with President Bush at the White House today and conveyed her country's condolences for the events of last week. Megawati is the first leader from a predominately Muslim state to meet with Bush since the terrorist attacks. Meanwhile, NPR's Lawrence Sheets reports that Russian officials have been meeting with U.S. counterparts in Moscow and Washington to discuss ways the two countries can cooperate in the war against terrorism. President Putin today renewed his call for a global battle against terrorism, but his administration has been cagey about how far it is prepared to go in supporting the U.S. effort. Russia sees the former Soviet republics in Central Asia as its sphere of influence and is anxious about these states lending the U.S. airspace or territory to stage attacks on suspected terrorist bases in Afghanistan.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: The NEA Announces Its 2020 National Heritage Fellowship Winners

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On Tuesday, the National Endowment for the Arts announced its newest class of National Heritage fellows: 10 artists, ensembles and cultural workers who represent the richness and breadth of America's traditional arts. They range from one of the pioneers of the Memphis sound of Southern soul to an Ojibwe birchbark canoe builder.  The winners of this year's grants include three vocalists. One is William Bell, a Memphis-born, Grammy Award-winning Black singer and songwriter. First signed to Stax as a songwriter and then as a solo artist, his 1977 song "Tryin' to Love Two" became a top 10 hit on the Billboard 100. He also co-wrote the classic blues, "Born Under a Bad Sign" (with Booker T. Jones), which became an R&B hit for Albert King and then was famously re-recorded by Cream. Born in Argentina, Suni Paz was one of the first singers and songwriters to bring the socially conscious nueva canción style of songs from Latin America to North American listeners, work that she began in the mid-1960s and continues to this day, with a discography of nearly two dozen albums. Onnik Dinkjian is an N.J.-based singer whose family survived the 1915 Armenian genocide. With his singing and mentorship of younger artists, he has helped preserve and celebrate Armenian folk and liturgical traditions as well as create new repertoire. The music of fiddler and banjo player John Morris was featured in Barbara Kopple's iconic 1976 documentary Harlan County, USA. Morris is a keeper of the old-time music traditions of his home of Clay County, W. Va. Along with his brother and bandmate, David, he's used music as a vehicle for protesting the exploitation of Appalachian people by the mining industry. Radio producer Hugo N. Morales from Fresno, Calif., has spent his professional life fostering Latinx presence in media. In 1975, he co-founded Radio Bilingüe in his home state; it now has 24 stations and more than 75 affiliates. He is also the winner of a MacArthur Foundation "genius" fellowship. Two Native American artists have also been named National Heritage fellows in 2020. Karen Ann Hoffman, who is a citizen of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin, specializes in Iroquois raised beadwork, a style typically sewn on velvet. Her work has become part of the permanent collections of the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, Chicago's Field Museum, the Iroquois Indian Museum and the Oneida Nation Museum. Wayne Valliere (also called Mino-Gizhig) is a birchbark canoe builder from the Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe community whose craft takes years to master. He also works as an Ojibwe language and culture teacher in Waaswaaganing (Lac du Flambeau, Wis.), and is also known as a singer and storyteller. His other artistic mediums include beadwork, quilwork, regalia and basketry. This year's National Heritage fellow class also includes dancers. Los Matachines de la Santa Cruz de la Ladrillera is a ritual dance troupe from Laredo, Texas, which traces its heritage back to a mining town in central Mexico in the late 19th century. The group has preserved its traditions of presenting dance, music, traditional foods and costumes on Catholic holy days. Zakarya and Naomi Diouf are respectively from Senegal and Liberia and are based in Calif. They have been instrumental in bringing West African dancing and drumming to the U.S., including traditions from the Wolof, Serer, Kpellé, Kru, Vai, Gio, Lorma, Mandingo and Bassa peoples.  Each recipient is being awarded $25,000; due to the pandemic, a celebration of this year's fellows will take place online, with the date to be announced.

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['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'The first week of the Trump administration has been marked by a flurry of executive actions — and lots of bombast and argument with the press. President Trump\'s executive actions — in the form of orders and memorandums, which differ slightly — aim to show that President Trump will deliver on the promises made by Candidate Trump. And the actions hit on many of the most contentious issues in American politics: Trump moved to repeal the Affordable Care Act, remove roadblocks from the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines, impose a hiring freeze on federal employees, withdraw the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border and withhold federal funds from so-called sanctuary cities. Along the way, Trump and his surrogates claimed to have drawn the largest-ever inauguration crowd (he didn\'t), said that 3 million to 5 million votes were illegally cast (no evidence of that), softened his stance toward the CIA and said that he would announce his pick for the Supreme Court next week. The Senate approved four of his nominees for high-level positions, and 10 others have finished their confirmation hearings and await votes. And it comes as congressional Republicans huddle to figure out a legislative way forward with the new president. Here, we take a look at the biggest issues and where they stand, one week into the Trump presidency:  Affordable Care Act Within hours of being inaugurated as the 45th president of the United States, Trump signed an executive order that seeks to "ease the burdens" of the Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as Obamacare. The order allows the head of the Department of Health and Human Services, or any other agency with authority under the law, to not enforce regulations that impose a financial burden on a state, company or individual. What are the consequences? It\'s not totally clear yet. The order is so broad that it\'s possible it could dismantle key parts of the ACA before a replacement plan is ready owing to a potential lack of enforcement of some of the tax provisions like the mandate, the requirement that if you don\'t have health insurance, you have to buy it. That\'s despite previous statements from Republican lawmakers that a replacement plan would immediately follow repeal. What happens next? The action adds a lot of confusion to an already complicated system. Trump\'s pick to lead the Department of Health and Human Services, Rep. Tom Price, hasn\'t yet had his confirmation hearing or vote. He will be responsible for administering the program and exchanges run by the federal government for states that opted not to create their own systems. Price is an opponent of the ACA, and congressional Republicans are vowing to repeal the law. But they haven\'t yet settled on an alternative. Trump has also confused matters with a pledge to offer "insurance for everybody," though congressional Republicans say they assume he means "access" for everyone.  Immigration and a border wall On Wednesday, Trump signed two executive orders related to immigration and border security, shortly after the new head of the Department of Homeland Security, Marine Gen. John Kelly, was sworn in. "Beginning today, the United States of America gets back control of its borders," Trump said. What are the consequences? The move communicated that Trump planned to follow through with his oft-spoken-of plan to build a border wall, estimated to cost $15 billion or more. The fallout was immediate: Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto canceled a planned visit to Trump in Washington next week. What happens next? Trump and Congress need to figure out how to pay for it, for starters. Though Trump has repeatedly said he would make Mexico pay for the wall, on Wednesday he told ABC News that the U.S. will be "reimbursed at a later date" by Mexico for the costs of building the wall. Congressional Republicans vowed to come up with the funding during a policy retreat Thursday in Philadelphia, though they did not specify how. On Thursday, White House press secretary Sean Spicer told reporters that one way the administration is considering paying for the wall is via a 20 percent tax on imports from Mexico — a cost that would mean that U.S. consumers would, in fact, pay for the wall. Ironically, that was part of a congressional plan that Trump, less than two weeks ago, derided as "too complicated." Hours later, the White House walked it back, saying there are many funding options being considered.  Voter fraud On Monday, Trump told congressional leaders in a bipartisan, bicameral meeting at the White House that that he would have won the popular vote, were it not for 3 million to 5 million votes cast against him by "illegals." When asked about it at the Tuesday press briefing, Spicer affirmed that "the president does believe that." It was revealed by the New York Times that Trump is partially basing his belief on a story he heard thirdhand from a professional golfer, born in Germany, who wasn\''] == ['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr.', "Donald Trump's First Week As President: What's Reality In The Show"]

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Across The Country, Vigils Honor Victims Of Orlando Attack. -- Muslim Community Members Condemn Orlando's Deadly Shooting Spree. And here are more early headlines: Washington D.C. Holds Democratic Primary, Last In Season. (Washington Post) Charleston Shooting Suspect To Face Jury In Federal Trial. (Post & Courier) French Attacker Kills 2 Police Officers Outside Paris. (Guardian) Venezuela Loosens 2-Day Public Sector Work Week. (Reuters) Canadian Hostage Killed In Philippines By Islamist Militants. (CBC) House Panel Will Vote On Censure Motion For IRS Chief. (The Hill) Former Italian Leader Berlusconi Undergoing Heart Surgery. (Reuters) 2017 NEA Jazz Masters Named, Including Dee Dee Bridgewater. (AP) Margaret Vinci Heldt Dies, Created The Beehive Hairstyle. (Chicago Sun-Times)


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Question: The Associated Press

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Arlington National Cemetery

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Host Bob Edwards talks with Thomas Sherlock, historian for Arlington National Cemetery, about funerals for military personnel who died in combat during the recent war in Iraq.  According to Sherlock, soldiers are being buried at a pace of about two to three per day.

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Cannes Film Festival

Host Bob Edwards talks to Kenneth Turan, film critic for the Los Angeles Times, about the 53rd Cannes International Film Festival which opened in France this week.


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Question: U.S. COVID-19 Hot Spots Dominate Where Vaccination Rates Are Low

Weeks after warnings about high COVID-19 infection rates in Missouri and in Southeastern states, vaccination rates remain low and health care systems are stressed.

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Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Random Bedtimes Breed Bad Behavior In Kids

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Parents learn the hard way that late bedtimes make for cranky kids the next day. But inconsistent bedtimes may have a greater effect on children's behavior, a study says. Kids who didn't go to bed on a regular schedule had more behavior problems at home and at school. When those children were put to bed at the same time each night, their behavior improved. That data came from an ongoing study of 10,230 British schoolchildren. Mothers were asked if their child had a regular bedtime during the school week. That information was collected when the children were ages 3, 5 and 7. The mothers were also asked to complete a standardized test that measures behavior, including conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, problems with peers and positive behavior. Children who went to bed after 9 p.m. were rated as having more behavior problems than children who went to bed earlier. That's no surprise; there's abundant evidence on the effects of lack of sleep on children's school performance and behavior. But irregular bedtimes actually caused worse behavior than short sleep. Teachers were asked to rate some of the children's behavior at age 7. They too reported more behavior problems in children with irregular bedtimes. The good news is that the behavior problems improved when children were shifted to a more regular schedule. The scientists call that a "clear dose-response pattern." And behavior deteriorated in children who had regular bedtimes at age 5 and were on a more random plan by age 7, the parents said. The sleep issues could affect behavior in two ways, according to the researchers at University College London. It could mess up children's circadian rhythms, which are slow to change. And it could affect maturing brain regions involved in regulation of behavior. Pediatricians should ask about irregular bedtimes, the researchers say, not just how many hours a kid is logging. This study has shortcomings. It doesn't report how much the children actually slept, but rather how much their mothers said they slept. And it could be that the families with random bedtimes had other problems that affected the child's behavior. Lack of sleep causes health problems in children and adults, including weight gain and insulin resistance. And regular bedtimes are recommended for adults too, because maintaining a regular circadian rhythm makes it easier to fall asleep and wake up on time. No word if it makes grownups less cranky. But it probably couldn't hurt.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: D.C. Mayor Vetoes 'Living Wage' Bill Targeting Large Retailers

Washington, D.C., Mayor Vincent Gray has vetoed a controversial "living wage" bill that would have forced large retailers such as Wal-Mart to pay a 50 percent premium on the district's $8.25 per hour minimum wage. When the bill was approved by the city council in July, Wal-Mart said it would abandon three of the six stores it planned to build in the district, claiming the required minimum $12.50 it would have to pay was too much. Since then Gray, a Democrat, has been mulling whether to sign the Large Retailer Accountability Act, as the bill is known. On Thursday, he ended weeks of speculation and vetoed it. Council Chairman Phil Mendelson, a supporter of the act, said he was "disappointed" by the mayor's decision, which he said was "not good for workers." A letter sent by Gray to Mendelson said the bill was "not a true living-wage bill, because it would raise the minimum wage only for a small fraction of the District's workforce," according to The Washington Post. The Post quotes Wal-Mart spokesman Steven Restivo as saying the veto is "good news for D.C. residents," saying Gray chose "jobs, economic development and common sense over special interests." He said that if the council fails to override the veto, "all stores are back on." Other major retailers, such as Target and Home Depot, also opposed the bill. In a statement from the National Retail Federation, spokesman David French thanked Gray "for his leadership on this important issue. With a stroke of his pen, the Mayor brought power back to D.C.'s 'Open for Business' sign."

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Freddie Gray Update: New Speculation On His Death, And Peaceful Protests. -- Just Do It: Obama Tries To Sway Skeptical Democrats On Trade. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Choose Chicago To Host His Presidential Library. (USA Today) Vt. Senator Sanders Declares Bid For Democratic Presidential Nomination. (The Hill) U.S. Navy To Guard American Flagged Ships In Strait Of Hormuz. (Wall Street Journal) House Votes To End D.C. Law Banning Discrimination Against Women Who Have Abortions. (Washington Post) Chilean Volcano Erupts A Third Time. (Guardian) California Cites Sea World For Failing To Protect Workers Who Care For Killer Whales. (U-T San Diego) Tesla Motors Turns To Energy Systems For Homes. (New York Times)


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Question: Wall Street's Low-Key Approach to Social Security Reform

President Bush's plan to allow private accounts for Social Security may send a lot of business to Wall Street; but lobbyists for reform say the returns for financial firms are not necessarily so great. NPR's Peter Overby reports.

UC Regents Discuss Executive Pay. Ballot Measure to Crack Down on Sex Offenders. End Music.