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Question: International Space Station

NPR's Richard Harris reports that the international space station may be back on track again. Several weeks ago, there were reports that Russia had run out of cash for the effort, setting back the project for nearly a year. Now it appears that Russia is pouring money back into the effort.


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Question: International Space Station

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Guests: Marcia Smith Specialist in Aerospace Policy, Congressional Research Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C.  Robert Park Director of the Washington D.C. Office American Physical Society Professor of Physics  University of Maryland College Park, Maryland  John-David Bartoe Research Manager for the International Space Station  NASA's Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas  It's been called the "world's biggest science project," but after 20 billion dollars and more than ten years, the future of NASA's International Space Station is still up in the air. Will bailouts make the station fly? Or are we just throwing good money after bad? In this hour, we'll have a debate on the international space station.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: What are you doing for New Year's Eve?

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Seattle has substantially scaled down its celebration, but New Yorkers are charging full steam ahead with their party-- what do YOU have planned for New Year's Eve? Whether it's a heavily planned bash or a low-key family gathering, we want to know what it takes for you to party like its 1999.

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Scott with some thoughts about Valentine''s Day.


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Question: Separation of Church and State

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A ruling from the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has declared the 'under God' part of the Pledge of Allegiance as unconstitutional. In another ruling, the Supreme Court said parents in Cleveland who have children in troubled public schools and want to place them in private schools as a way of improving their educational options may use vouchers. Karen Grigsby Bates speaks with Jay Sekulow, chief counsel for the American Center for Law and Justice and Elliott Minchberg, co-counsel in the Cleveland voucher case and vice president of the People for the American Way Foundation.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Angela Oguntala: How Do We Achieve The Future We Imagine?

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Part 5 of the TED Radio Hour episode Changing The World. About Angela Oguntala's TED Talk How do our present thoughts and actions affect the future? Futurist Angela Oguntala shares ideas on how imagining the future we want to see is the first step toward achieving it. About Angela Oguntala Angela Oguntala is a director at Greyspace, a design consultancy. She has led work in various spaces across culture, technology, and sustainability, with both large and small organizations. She is a Salzburg Global Fellow and was named a Future Innovator by The United Nations ICT and the Ars Electronica Center. She has a BA from The College of New Jersey in Business Administration, and an MA in Interaction Design from the Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design (CIID).

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Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Latest On COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout

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The European Union begins a rollout of a COVID-19 vaccine to its nearly 450 million people. A 101-year-old nursing home patient became Germany's first vaccinated person.

Good morning, here are our early stories: Read The Report On IRS' 'Inappropriate' Scrutiny Of Groups. Holder Isn't Sure How Often Reporters' Records Are Seized. And here are more early stories: Human Rights Watch Condemns Recorded Syrian Rebel War Atrocity. (Businessweek) Nigeria Declares Emergency In 3 States Where Islamists Attack. (Financial Times) American Jailed In North Korea Incarcerated At "Special Prison". (CNN) House To Consider Cuts In Farm Bill's Food Stamp Program. (Boston.com) Japanese Mayor: WWII Sex Slaves Held By Japan Were "Necessary". (BBC) Report: Google Close To Launching Music Streaming Service. (Wall Street Journal) Sun Blasts Four Immense Solar Flares This Week - And More Are Coming. (Los Angeles Times) Powerball Drawing Tonight: Third Largest Jackpot In Lotto's History. (CBS)


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Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

The unanticipated strong showing of John Edwards in the Wisconsin primary has given new life to the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination.  Okay, so he may have lost the state by 40,000 votes, and he may still be only one-for-17.  But in a race that seemed to be heading in an utterly predictable direction, it was a reminder that maybe -- just maybe -- there's some life to this contest yet. Still, the odds are not exactly stacked in Edwards' favor.  History, as well as the compressed calendar, argues against his dislodging John Kerry.    And while the purpose here is not to write anyone's political obituary just yet, the plain fact is that if Edwards doesn't do especially well on Super Tuesday, March 2 -- when 10 states' delegates are up for grabs -- there will be the inevitable questions of how long will he (or can he) stay in the race. These will not be insignificant questions.  John Edwards has bet the house on this race -- or should I say the Senate (he is giving up his Senate seat in his quest).  But if he falls short of the presidential nomination, then how long he stays in the race could make a difference.  For if he is eyeing the number two slot on a Kerry ticket, as many people think (see my colleague Ron Elving's Feb. 16 column on this topic), he knows that how long he yaps at Kerry's heels could affect his chances. As Edwards weighs his options, and his timing, it might be instructive to look at the decision-making process of some candidates from the past. Of course, it's pretty rare for rivals for the nomination to wind up on the same ticket.  The last time it happened was in 1980, with Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.  Bush had upset Reagan in the Iowa caucuses that year, but was never able to capitalize on it.  Reagan beat him in New Hampshire, and in the South, and was clearly headed for the nomination.  Bush managed some wins -- such as in Connecticut and Pennsylvania -- but the pressure on him to withdraw was intense.  Ironically, Bush ended his candidacy just days after he won his most impressive primary win of the year -- a nearly 2-1 victory over Reagan in Michigan in late May.  But by then the numbers showed Reagan impossible to stop.  So Bush announced that he would no longer compete for delegates and would go to the national convention that summer and urge his delegates to back Reagan.  While Bush did give Reagan some fits during his bid for the nomination -- who could forget the "voodoo economics" charge? -- it never got ugly or personal, and Bush ended his bid with grace and before any real damage was done.  A few months later, Bush was the surprise choice as Reagan's running mate. A different scenario was taking place on the Democratic side that year.  Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts launched a bid to deny President Jimmy Carter his party's nomination.  Kennedy was thought to have a fair shot at accomplishing the feat, but once 51 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran, party voters rallied behind the president.  Like Bush, Kennedy did manage to win a few key contests along the way, like New York and Pennsylvania.  But Carter had an overwhelming lead in delegates.  On the last day of the primary season, Kennedy beat Carter in five of the eight states up for grabs, including California and New Jersey.  But Carter won Ohio, and by doing so clinched for all intents and purposes the nomination.  Kennedy could have withdrawn his candidacy on that day in early June, but did not.  He fought all the way to the convention.  The Democratic Party platform had so many concessions to the Kennedy camp that Carter himself was lukewarm about it.  And though Carter won renomination with little trouble, it was hardly the kind of send-off he hoped for. On stage with the president and Vice President Mondale at Madison Square Garden on that final day, Kennedy was stiff and aloof, showing no warmth for the man who would be leading his party in the general election.  He had his say -- with a memorable "The Dream Shall Never Die" speech -- and bowed out of the race.  But he withdrew much later than the Carter camp would have liked, with none of the graciousness that George Bush showed months prior.  And it was a dispirited Democratic Party that went down to defeat in November. Kennedy, of course, was not angling for a spot on the ticket that year, and his dislike for Carter was so strong that it may not have mattered to him what effect he had on party unity.  John Edwards' battle against John Kerry does not carry -- at least not at this point -- that personal animus.  Another difference between then and now is that in 1980, the battle for the nomination went on through June.  Now, with the front-loading of the primaries and caucuses, 75 percent of the delegates will be chosen by early March.  The quest for unity can be realized well before the convention opens. By the way, the last time a Democratic convention chose a ticket comprised of two who battled eac

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Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: Public Transportation

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Brenda Tremblay of member station WXXI reports that Cynthia Wiggins a black teenager was killed after getting off a city bus in Buffalo in her way to work at a new suburban mall from her home in a poor neighborhood. The case is prompting an examination of public transportation policies. (

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Hurricane Preparedness

Although Hurricane Georges caused widespread damage when it struck the Florida Keys, it does not compare to the loss of more than 400 lives and scenes of total devastation in the Caribbean. NPR''s Cheryl Duvall reports from Milton, Florida that improvements in hurricane preparedness has helped save lives and lessen overall land and property destruction.

May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

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Question: How Safe Is Your Drinking Water?

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An estimated one in 10 Americans have been exposed to drinking water that contains dangerous chemicals, parasites, bacteria or viruses, or fails to meet federal health standards. Part of the problem, says journalist Charles Duhigg, is that water-pollution laws are not being enforced.  Duhigg reports on the "worsening pollution in American waters" — and regulators' responses to the problem — in his New York Times series, "Toxic Waters."  In researching the series, he studied thousands of water pollution records, which he obtained via the Freedom of Information Act.  Duhigg previously wrote about businesses' and investors' efforts to profit from the growing number of older Americans in his "Golden Opportunities" series for the Times. He is a regular contributor on NPR's Planet Money Blog.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Sri Lanka's 'Kithul' Palm Syrup: An Ancient Sweetener In Need Of Saving

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The story of Sri Lanka's most beloved sweetener starts with the kithul, or fishtail, palm tree and a tapper, like 58-year-old Amuvita Gamage Dayasena. The slightly built farmer sharpens his knife on the fallen branch of a tree and climbs up a wooden lattice that he has tied to one side of a kithul tree in his garden. Within minutes, he is on the top of the nearly 40-foot-tall tree, making sharp incisions at the base of a cluster of flowers that droop down from a branch like a bunch of grapes. Dayasena ties a jute sack to the base of the cluster to collect droplets of sap trickling down. He will collect the sap over several days and boil it down over an open wood fire, until it reduces to a sticky and intensely sweet syrup the color and thickness of honey. This is kithul syrup, or kithul peni, as it's called locally. At its purest, it boasts woody, floral, smoky and even savory notes and is used widely in Sri Lankan cuisine. It is also further boiled down and set into molds, usually fashioned out of empty coconut shells, to make little blocks of hakuru, or jaggery, a partially refined palm sugar used all over the island. Despite its vital place in the Sri Lankan pantry, kithul syrup is becoming something of a vanishing treasure. And tappers are increasingly turning to other, more lucrative professions. Dayasena too has other sources of income – two acres of farmland on which he cultivates tea and a flourishing home garden, where he grows a variety of food crops like pepper, pineapples and vegetables. The fishtail palm, also known locally as the jaggery palm, is abundant all over Sri Lanka. It's been used by the island's residents since ancient times. Nineteenth century historians mention its uses in Ceylon (as the country was known until its name was officially changed to Sri Lanka in 1972) in their writings. "This magnificent palm ... has found a place in the oldest records of Ceylon, sacred and historical," noted T.B. Pohath-Kehelpannala, a local historian and author, in an essay called The Kitul And Its Uses, published in 1898. It was once prized for its strong timber; thalapa, a kind of nutritious gruel that was made from its tender leaves; and also for the mildly alcoholic toddy, or palm wine, made from the sap. These days, though, in addition to toddy, the fishtail palm is best known as the source of kithul jaggery and syrup. Both have treasured places in Sri Lankan cuisine. "Hakuru or jaggery is what we use in place of sugar in everyday life," says Narmada Mueller, a publisher and entrepreneur based in Colombo. "For instance, it's common for a cup of black tea to be served with a piece of jaggery." The syrup is often used as a sweetener in traditional desserts, like kiri peni, a creamy buffalo milk yogurt with palm syrup drizzled on top. "Sri Lankans have a big sweet tooth and kiri peni has always been our go-to dessert," says Mueller. The syrup is also used as a sweetener in Sinhalese and Tamil New Year treats like kavum, a deep-fried sweet made of rice flour and coconut milk, and aluwa, a flat, diamond-shaped sweet made of rice flour, cashew nuts and kithul syrup. But a host of factors have led to the recent scarcity in this once-abundant sweetener. One of them is rapid destruction of rainforests, which provide a particularly favorable environment for kithul trees. The forests are being cleared partly to make room for tea and rubber plantations. In Dayasena's village of Kiriweldola, which is situated close to the Sinharaja Forest Reserve, a narrow strip of rainforest that's also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, most families now cultivate tea on the small plots of land they own. "Thirty years earlier, their main livelihood was kithul tapping and collecting non-timber forest products, like mushrooms and medicinal plants," says Ajith Thennakoon, a veteran development professional and field director of Sewalanka Foundation, a local non-profit working on projects to empower rural communities. "Now, their lifestyle has changed completely." Kithul cultivation and tapping is a risky, high-investment proposition that takes time to yield returns. If the flowers grow well, Dayasena can earn about $200 from each tapping, by selling the syrup and jaggery. He has nine kithul trees on his land. "But the tree dies after it flowers once or twice, and the amount of sap it produces can vary," he says. In comparison, the tea, pepper and other crops he cultivates promise a much more reliable source of income. In addition to these troubles, Sri Lanka's kithul industry has also been affected by changing social values. More and more families want their children to pursue professions perceived as being more stable and respectable, such as government or bank jobs, leading to a growing dearth of skillful tappers. The kithul palm tree demands a close and intuitive understanding of its various stages of flowering and sap production. It can take up to 15 years of constant care for the palm to flower and produce sap, and it is also


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Question: Sustainable Development

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NPR's Christopher Joyce reports on the professionals who calculate the pricetag of nature: so-called, "ecological economists." Their profile is growing as delegates from around the world travel to South Africa for a summit on sustainable development later this month.

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Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: Congress Searches For A Shutdown-Free Future

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There's a lot of searching on Capitol Hill but no discovery yet of a way to avoid a federal government shutdown at the start of next month. Speaker John Boehner and Majority Leader Eric Cantor are searching for enough House GOP votes for a spending bill that could pass in the Democratic-controlled Senate and keep the government open past Sept. 30. Tea Party-affiliated lawmakers are searching for a way to repeal the Affordable Care Act with the help of the Democratic-controlled Senate and President Obama. Democrats are searching for a way to end the sequester budget cuts, or failing that, to pass a spending bill for the new fiscal year starting Oct. 1 that funds the government at a higher level than Republicans want. The only thing found Thursday seemed to be more time for negotiations and vote-wrangling. Republican leaders recall how their party was blamed for the shutdowns of the mid-1990s and earnestly want to avoid a repeat, especially heading into a midterm election year. Cantor alerted members Thursday that during the last week of September, when they are supposed to be on recess, they will now most likely find themselves in Washington voting on a continuing resolution to fund the government into October. It looks like lawmakers will need every hour of that additional time. While talking to reporters Thursday, Boehner strongly suggested that House Republicans weren't exactly coalescing around any one legislative strategy. "There are a lot of discussions going on about how — about how to deal with the [continuing resolution] and the issue of 'Obamacare,' and so we're continuing to work with our members," Boehner said. "There are a million options that are being discussed by a lot of people. When we have something to report, we'll let you know." The options would be alternatives to legislation House leaders pulled from a planned vote Wednesday. The problem with the measure? It wouldn't have forced the Senate to vote on a bill that inextricably bound funding the government beyond September to defunding Obamacare. House GOP leaders had hoped another symbolic anti-Obamacare vote — like the 41 others the House has already taken — would be acceptable with enough House Republicans. But it wasn't. One alternative under discussion in the Republican conference would delay by a year the Oct. 1 date when individuals and families can start enrolling for health insurance. While Republicans are divided on the way forward, Democrats are united on a number of key points, one of them being their wish that the opposition give up on trying to kill the health law. "What's interesting to note is the proposals the Republicans are putting forward are not proposals — continuing resolutions to keep government open," California Rep. Nancy Pelosi, the House Democratic leader, told reporters. "They are proposals to shut down government. They know that. They know that what they're proposing is not going to pass the Senate or be signed by the president. So why don't we just save time, be constructive?"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

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Question: Florida Pastor Makes World Record Attempt At Longest Speech

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Some church sermons seem like they go on forever, but Florida pastor Zach Zehnder's takes the cake. He recently spoke for 58 hours and 18 minutes — on purpose.

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Good afternoon - here are a few stories we're watching today. Wikileaks' Assange Demands U.S. Cease 'Witch Hunt'. Uniformed Afghan Kills NATO Servicemember; 3 NATO Troops Die In Roadside Bombing. (AP) It's Eid-Al-Fitr - Worldwide Festival Marks End Of Islamic Holy Month Of Ramadan. (VOA) Syrian President Assad Makes Rare Public Appearance, Marks Holiday At Mosque. (Bloomberg News) Brothers Seek To Market Toilet Paper Emblazoned With Advertising. (Journal News) Endurance Athlete Diana Nyad Attempts To Swim Unaided Between Cuba And Florida. (CNN)


Question: Sustainable Development

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The U.N. Conference on Sustainable Development kicks off Monday in Johannesburg, South Africa. Host Brian Naylor talks to NPR's Richard Harris about who'll be attending the conference, and what they hope to accomplish.

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Question: Homeowners Insurance

NPR's Jack Speer reports on the increasing number of homeowners insurance policies that are being cancelled. Insurance companies say they had big losses last year because of property damage claims. Insurers have been dropping policyholders with homeowner's insurance who have filed only a few claims. The practice is legal, but the customers complain it's not fair.

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News Headlines: Jan. 16, 2007 Talk About It:ABC News: Safe to Eat That Cloned Cow -- "The U.S. Food and Drug Administration reported that the meat and milk from cloned cows are safe for human consumption. The FDA said its decision came after extensive study of some 600 clones. The agency examined their health and the characteristics of the animals' meat and milk." More: Blogger Response Critics are skeptical, saying there are too many unknowns about cloned meat and milk. What do you think? And if it were to hit the market, would it unfairly affect the nation's poor (assuming the "real" stuff would be more expensive)? Election 2008:New York Times: 3 Winners, but No Anchor for Republicans Washington Post: Clinton, Obama Move From Talk of Race The Boston Globe: King's Son Says Clinton Erred Miami Herald: Clinton, Obama Spar Over Florida Nation:New York Times: Tenants Might Buy Birthplace of Hip-Hop The AJC: How Low? Atlantans Get a Saggy Pants Forum USA Today: Minority-Hiring Policy Stiffens for Major Football Programs Politico: War Rages, But Congress Moves On S.F. Chronicle: Residents Send Medical Gear to Native Ethiopia BBC: Black Women Get Cancer 'Earlier' World:New York Times: Protesters and Police Clash in Kenya The Jerusalem Post: African American-Israel Ties Saluted AP: 66 Nigerians Held on Trafficking Charges Op-Ed:Michael Chabon: Hey, Farrakhan and Cohen: You Can't Scare Me


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Question: Roughly 80 Percent Of Americans Scared Political Incivility Will Lead To More Violence

A new NPR, PBS Newshour Marist poll shows that eight in 10 Americans are scared about political incivility leading to more violence, but that Americans also view these events through a partisan lens.

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Small Business Loans

NPR's Chris Arnold reports that two studies released this week show small business owners are having better luck when they go to the bank. Banks are approving more applications from small business owners, but analysts aren't sure whether the change will last for very long.

State to Impose New Emissions Rules for Small Engines. Solar Initiative Launches January 1. End Music.


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Question: 'STRIVE' Program Yields First Five Grads

Five of the nation's newest college grads earned degrees from a model program that offers college courses and a supported-living environment for mentally disabled students. As Susan Sharon of Maine Public Radio reports, the five members of STRIVE U's first class now have their own apartments and jobs.

Stories: 1) Lowering Medical Costs By Providing Better Care 2) Sargent Shriver: A Man Of Public Service


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Question: Sonia Altizer: What Can We Learn From The Migration Of Monarch Butterflies?

Part 4 of the TED Radio Hour episode Migration Monarch butterflies fly the longest two-way migration of any insect species. Ecologist Sonia Altizer shares how these intrepid butterflies make the journey — and how it's being threatened. About The Monarch Migration Each year, millions of monarch butterflies fly some 3,000 miles, from their summer breeding grounds as far north as Canada to their overwintering sites in the oyamel fir forests of central Mexico. It is one of the Earth's great migrations, and it's also one of the best studied. In recent years, ecologists like Sonia Altizer have been able to better answer how and why these intrepid butterflies make the journey.  The how is owed to a complex suit of navigational and physiological adaptations. Migrating monarchs have internal sun and geomagnetic compasses, and the monarchs that make the longest trek actually grow to be bigger and more powerful fliers, particularly the females. They can even read the skies like a meteorologist, finding and following air currents to quicken their travels. Peering into their genes has also revealed more clues into how they evolved this migratory behavior. In terms of why they migrate, ecologists think there are three main reasons. The first two have to do with milkweed and temperature. To breed, monarchs need milkweed, and in North America native milkweed dies back with cold winter temperatures. Those same temperatures would kill the monarchs. The fir forests in Mexico offer the ideal shelter and perfect goldilocks temperature while they wait for milkweed to grow back in the spring. The forests in Mexico are warm enough that the butterflies don't freeze but cool enough that their metabolism drops and they can enter a kind of dormant state, called diapause. Altizer has helped establish the third reason why monarchs migrate: to escape a parasite that affects them in their breeding grounds. Infected monarchs are less likely to survive the journey, so the long migration weeds out those who are infected and keeps the population safer. For more on monarchs, check out the Forest Service's monarch FAQs.  How You Can Help Protect Monarchs And Their Migration First, help protect existing monarch breeding habitat. The Corn Belt produces more than half of the monarchs that migrate to Mexico. As Altizer presents in her TED talk, GMO crops, by design, leave no room in agricultural fields for milkweed and nectar plants to grow. Altizer asks us to see agriculture from an ecosystem perspective and consider using GMOs more judiciously. Second, help create new habitat for monarchs. Right now, organizations are creating alternative breeding habitat for monarchs and you can support those wide-scale efforts. You can also make monarch and butterfly-friendly habitats in your neighborhood or backyard. If you do, Altizer stresses the importance of planting native milkweed species. Many plant nurseries carry what's called tropical milkweed, and unlike native species it doesn't die off in winter. While that might sound good, it actually increases the spread of the parasite and it sends signals to the monarchs to stop migrating. If you do choose to create native monarch habitat, it's best to plant more than just milkweed. Variety ensures you'll help all kinds of pollinators and wildlife. Third, consider joining a community or citizen science project. There are many that help track the migration. Dr. Altizer also founded the citizen science group Monarch Health to track the prevalence of the protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE) in monarch butterflies.  About Sonia Altizer Sonia Altizer is a Professor and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs in the Odum School of Ecology at the University of Georgia. Her main research focuses on how pathogens affecting wildlife are shifting in response to human environmental change. At UGA, her students run a citizen science project called Monarch Health. In 2015, Altizer co-edited a book titled Monarchs in a Changing World: Biology and Conservation of an Iconic Insect, and participated in high-level task forces dedicated to monarch butterfly conservation. Altizer received a B.S. from Duke University and a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. She did her postdoctoral work at Princeton University and Cornell University.

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Stories: 1) Getting To Know The Animal Families Of 'Earth' 2) Robert Sullivan, In The Alleys With 'Rats' 3) Up Close And Personal With The Dung Beetle


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Question: New York City Marathon

NPR's Margot Adler talks to Liane from the streets of Manhattan, where the New York City marathon is being run.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: For Operators Of Shuttered Arts Venues, Financial Assistance Arrives At Last

The long-awaited lifeline for live venues impacted by the coronavirus shut downs is finally here. Owners of small music venues, independent movie theaters and some museums can now apply for the Shuttered Venue Operators Grant — a $16 billion grant program set up and run by the Small Business Administration. "Concerts, plays, dance performances, movie premieres, museum exhibits – these are the lifeblood of culture and community, and often the anchor for travel, tourism and neighborhood food and retail stores," SBA administrator Isabella Casillas Guzman said in a statement. "The SBA is committed to moving as quickly as possible to deliver this vital funding effectively and equitably — ensuring relief goes to those venue operators whose revenues have been most impacted by the pandemic." The program was formed as a result of the bipartisan Save Our Stages act and approved as a part of the stimulus bill President Trump signed in December 2020. It allows owners of qualifying venues to apply for 45 percent of pre-pandemic revenue, up to $10 million. The grants will be structured in such a way that entities that lost 90 percent or more of their revenue between April and December 2020 will be the first to receive the grant money.  The SBA says it expects to start awarding grants later this month. This week also marks the one-year anniversary of the National Independent Venue Association — a group formed early on into the pandemic to lobby for support for small and independent music venues. Dayne Frank, board president of NIVA, said in a statement that the opening of the grant program is an "incredible relief."  "While the weight remains on our shoulders until the funds are actually distributed, seeing the light at the end of this tunnel fills me with hope for the future of our industry," she said. Music venues and nightclubs were among the first establishments to shut their doors last year as the pandemic took hold.  Many have closed, while others remain financially vulnerable to being sold. As helpful as the SVOG might be, it's clear already that if and when touring live events do come back in a real way, the network of physical spaces supporting them will look vastly different.


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Question: Rand Paul Hopes To Court Young, Libertarian Vote In Presidential Bid

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NPR's Audie Cornish talks to NPR's Domenico Montanaro about where Rand Paul fits in the Republican field of contenders for president in 2016 and the issues that bolster his appeal to young people.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Bible As Official State Book? Tennessee's Governor Vetoes Bill. -- Obama Administration Issues New Rules For Offshore Drilling. And here are more early headlines: House GOP Squabbles, Will Miss Deadline To Pass Budget. (Washington Post) Deadly Earthquake Strikes Southern Japan. (Japan Times) North Korea's Attempted Medium Range Rocket Launch Fails. (USA Today) Defense Secretary To Visit U.S. Warship In South China Sea. (Reuters) Top Brazilian Court Allows Presidential Impeachment Vote To Proceed. (BBC) California Appeals Court Rules In Favor Of Teacher Tenure. (KPCC) Manson Follower, Leslie Van Houten, Recommended For Parole. (Los Angeles Times) Former N.Y. Gov. Pataki Endorses Kasich Ahead Of State's Primary. (CNN) Service Projects Commemorate 3rd Boston Marathon Bombing Anniversary. (AP)


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Question: Despite Warning Of 2nd Eruption, NZ Teams Recover 6 Bodies On White Island

Updated at 7:44 p.m. ET A team of New Zealand police and military specialists on Friday recovered the bodies of six of eight victims killed by this week's volcanic eruption on White Island that injured dozens more.  The bodies were airlifted off the island to a nearby New Zealand naval vessel in what authorities say was a risky "high speed" operation launched in anticipation of another eruption in coming hours, according to the BBC. The recovery teams will return to the island as soon as conditions permit to retrieve two bodies that still remain there, according to Australian Foreign Minister Marise Payne. Some of the injured are Australian, Payne said in a tweet on Wednesday. The recovery mission by the eight specialists was launched Friday morning local time in the face of grave concerns for the risk factors such as weather.  "A lot has to go right for us tomorrow to make this work," said Deputy Commissioner Mike Clement before the recovery operation. "There is no zero-risk option in regard to the plan, but we have carefully considered it. We don't expect the risk to change tonight or tomorrow, but we have planned for it." The volcano spewed hot ash and toxic gas Monday as 47 tourists from around the globe were visiting White Island. Dozens of people had to be evacuated and many are receiving treatment for grave burns to their skin and lungs. Volcanologists with the Global Seismographic Network said there is a 50% to 60% chance of a second eruption occurring before Friday evening local time. Although no further activity has been recorded, dangerous steam and gases are still being released from the volcano's crater. Of the eight bodies presumed to be on the island, six had been identified via drone footage. Authorities said the first priority of the operation was to recover those accounted for. There will be a limited time frame to search for the other two bodies.  "We will have very limited opportunity to look about for the two others that we suspect to be out there somewhere," Clement said at a news conference Thursday. "But we've done lots of reconnaissance, aerial reconnaissance, and with the eyewitness observations immediately after the eruption, we can't find anything more than six. It's not to say they're not there." Clement said he spoke to the families of several victims, who expressed support for the operation. The mayor of the island's closest town said families want a quick end to their anguish. "We are now living with a growing sense of desperation to bring home those that we know are there and those we love," Judy Turner, the mayor of Whakatane, told Reuters. "The frustration of those families most affected is completely understandable. No news is not good news for people in this situation." Paolo Zialcita is an intern with NPR's News Desk.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Car Bomb In Baghdad Kills Dozens Of People. -- Bernie Sanders Wins West Virgina Primary. -- George Carlin's 'Stuff' Gets A New Home At National Comedy Center. And here are more early headlines: Giant Tornadoes Leave At Least 10 Injured In Kentucky. (NBC) Brazilian President Asks Supreme Court To Stop Impeachment. (BBC) Canadian Oil Sands Production Halted By Huge Wildfire. (AP) Group Finds 28 Million Displaced Within Home Countries In 2015. (Norwegian Refugee Council) Report: Children Dying In Nigerian Military Detention. (Amnesty International) Australia Accuses 5 Of Planning To Leave For Syria By Small Boat. (CNN) Indian Woman, 72, Becomes First Time Mother. (Times Of India) Dating Site Matches Canadians With Americans Who Don't Like Trump. (CBC)


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Question: Timeline: The Census Citizenship Question's Unusual Journey To The Supreme Court

Three federal judges have ruled that the process the Trump administration followed in pushing to add a citizenship question to the 2020 census failed to meet the mark. In Maryland, U.S. District Judge George Hazel summed it up as "woefully deficient," while U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg in California called the administration's efforts to find a justification for the question "a cynical search." "They are the acts and statements of officials with something to hide," U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman wrote in his ruling for the New York-based lawsuit, which is now under review by the Supreme Court. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, has testified before Congress that the Justice Department "initiated" the request for the question. But a trail of internal emails, memos and other court filings released as part of the lawsuits filed by dozens of states, cities and other groups tell a different story. In fact, Ross requested Commerce Department staff to get a citizenship question on the census months before the Justice Department became involved. The question, Ross says, was "previously raised" early in the administration by other "senior" Trump officials. Here is an abbreviated timeline of the citizenship question's unusual journey to the highest court in the country:

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Cannes Film Festival

Host Alex Chadwick speaks with Los Angeles Times film critic Kenneth Turan about the Cannes Film Festival, where a longer cut of Apocalypse Now and a new film by Jean-Luc Goddard are being screened.


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Question: William Tell Overture

We're sticking around the OK Mozart Festival for a little while longer to hear some orchestral music.  Ransom Wilson leads the Solisti New York Orchestra in the overture to "William Tell," by Rossini.

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Texas School Administrators Go Door To Door To Bring Students Back To The Classroom

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NPR's Ari Shapiro speaks with Alejandro Delgado, enrollment director for the Austin Independent School District, about efforts to reregister students for in-person school this fall amid the pandemic.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Big Banks Agree To Pay $8.5 Billion To Settle Foreclosure-Abuse Claims

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Ten of the nation's major mortgage servicing companies, including household names such as Bank of America and Citibank, have agreed to pay $8.5 billion to resolve claims that they abused some homeowners when they foreclosed on mortgages during the recent housing crisis, the Federal Reserve and the Comptroller of the Currency announced late Monday morning. According to the Fed, $3.3 billion of the settlement will be "direct payments to eligible borrowers" and $5.2 billion will go toward "other assistance, such as loan modifications and forgiveness of deficiency judgments." It adds that "eligible borrowers are expected to receive compensation ranging from hundreds of dollars up to $125,000, depending on the type of possible servicer error." Along with BofA and Citi, the companies in the agreement are: Aurora, JPMorgan Chase, MetLife Bank, PNC, Sovereign, SunTrust, U.S. Bank, and Wells Fargo. The New York Times, which last night broke the news that the settlement was about to be announced, writes that the deal should "resolve claims of foreclosure abuses that included flawed paperwork used in foreclosures and bungled loan modifications. ... The settlement concludes weeks of feverish negotiations between the federal regulators, led by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the banks, and will end a troubled foreclosure review mandated by the banking regulators." Earlier today, Bank of America agreed to pay the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) $3.6 billion in cash and will to buy back $6.75 billion worth of mortgage-backed securities to resolve claims related to securities sold to Fannie Mae by the bank and Countrywide Financial Corp. (which BofA acquired in 2008).

Good morning - while we wait for the Supreme Court's health care decision, we're following these stories: 'Hell In The Rearview Mirror' As Coloradoans Flee Wildfires. News Corp. Confirms Split; Rupert Murdoch Will Chair Both Companies. Record-Breaking Heat Moves From Midwest To Mid-Atlantic And Southeast. (National Weather Service) European Union Fiscal Summit Opens, Hopes Dim For Bold Steps. (Reuters) Bosnian Serb Leader Karadzic Acquitted Of One Genocide Count; Still Faces 10 More War Crimes Charges. (AP) Barclays Bank Pays $452 Million In Fines To Settle Interest Rate Manipulation Case. (MarketWatch) Blasts Strike Syrian Capital, Turkey Stations Troops Along Syrian Border. (CNN) Cargo Search Continues For Possible Stowaways At New Jersey Port. (Star-Ledger) Texas Man Sentenced To 40 Years In Houston Stand-Your-Ground Murder Case. (KPRC) German Court Outlaws Circumcision Of Boys As 'Bodily Harm'. (Deutche Welle)


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Question: Corporate Governance

Guest host John Nielsen talks to Professor Charles Elson, director of the Center for Corporate Governance at the University of Delaware, who believes that most companies in America operate honestly, but that some reforms are needed -- such as making boards and accounting firms more independent.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: Hurricane Preparedness

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Although Hurricane Georges caused widespread damage when it struck the Florida Keys, it does not compare to the loss of more than 400 lives and scenes of total devastation in the Caribbean. NPR''s Cheryl Duvall reports from Milton, Florida that improvements in hurricane preparedness has helped save lives and lessen overall land and property destruction.

May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


Question: Copyright Infringement

What happens when the image of one of Seattle's best-known pieces of art is used to promote the Seattle Symphony? Artist Jack Mackie takes the symphony to court for copyright infringement. Marcie Sillman, of member station KUOW reports that the case raises the question of whether public art is in the public domain.

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Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'


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Question: More Arrests Possible In The Killing Of Ahmaud Arbery, Georgia Investigators Say

Updated at 4:49 p.m. ET On what would have been Ahmaud Arbery's 26th birthday, Georgia state authorities said Friday that more arrests are possible in the shooting death of the black jogger who was killed while unarmed in February in the Satilla Shores neighborhood in Glynn County, Ga.  The director of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, Vic Reynolds, also shed light on his department's swift decision to arrest two white men, a father and son, in connection with Arbery's killing, two days after taking over the investigation from local authorities.  On Thursday, Gregory McMichael, 64, and his son Travis, 34, were charged with murder and aggravated assault. The McMichaels are being held in the Glynn County Jail, according to a GBI press release.  Gregory McMichael is a former investigator with a local district attorney's office. When asked about additional arrests, Reynolds replied, "Don't know yet. We're going to go wherever the evidence takes us."  Cellphone video posted online earlier this week, which appeared to capture Arbery's Feb. 23 death, sparked national outcry and calls for arrests. "We're investigating everyone involved in the case, including the individual who shot the video," Reynolds said.  President Trump weighs in In a phone interview with Fox News on Friday, President Trump was asked about that case, which he called a "very sad thing." "It's a very disturbing situation to me, and I just, you know, my heart goes out to the parents and the family and the friends," Trump said.  "To anybody that watched it, certainly it was a disturbing or troubling video, no question about that," he said, adding: "It's a sad thing, very sad thing. Hate to see that."  The Thursday evening arrests of the McMichaels, who have said they were acting in self-defense, caps off several days of rapid developments in the Arbery case. It had stalled for more than two months with no charges filed. Two district attorneys had recused themselves from the case. On May 5, after the video was released, Atlantic Judicial Circuit District Attorney Tom Durden requested GBI investigate the Arbery death. The local police department also asked for assistance from state authorities. Reynolds said during the press conference that agents pored over the investigative file compiled by the local authorities most of the day on Wednesday. By about 5 p.m. Thursday, Reynolds said his agents "had established sufficient probable cause to seek arrest warrants" against the McMichaels.  When asked what his department saw in the case file that local authorities might have missed, Reynolds said, "I can't answer what another agency did or didn't see." "But I can tell you that based on our involvement in this case, considering the fact that we hit the ground running Wednesday morning, within 36 hours, we had secured warrants for two individuals for felony murder. I think that speaks volumes for itself and that the probable cause was clear to our agents pretty quickly." Following the McMichaels' arrests Thursday, family attorney Benjamin Crump tweeted, "it took 74 days but Ahmaud Arbery's killers have finally been arrested!" Facts of the Arbery case Gregory McMichael told police that there had been several recent break-ins in the neighborhood and that while in his front yard, he saw the person he suspected from those incidents "hauling ass" down Satilla Drive toward Burford Drive, according to a Feb. 23 Glynn County Police Department incident report. The McMichaels hopped in a truck with guns, the older McMichael with a .357 Magnum and Travis a shotgun, the report states. When they eventually caught up to Arbery, the younger McMichael exited the truck with his shotgun, and that's when the "unidentified male began to violently attack Travis" and the two men began fighting over the gun, the McMichael's statement to police said. Travis McMichael shot twice, the police report states. The facts of what is publicly known about the case are somewhat clear, Georgia Public Broadcasting's Emily Jones said Friday on Morning Edition.  "As for why this may have taken so long, Gregory McMichael has worked in law enforcement in the area for more than 20 years, including time working as an investigator in the district attorney's office in Brunswick," Jones said.   Arbery's family has characterized his death as a modern-day lynching. His aunt, Thea Brooks, told GPB News that even though the community is celebrating the arrests, there is a long way to go before the case is resolved.  "This is only the beginning," she said. "We still gotta wait for the conviction. This is just the start." There will be no hate crime charges NAACP President Derrick Johnson said during a Friday afternoon media briefing that the Arbery shooting represents just the latest in an "ongoing, systemic attack on African Americans" by law enforcement and vigilantes.   "The sad part of this," Johnson said, "is these attackers felt that they were within their right of white privilege and protected by

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department's Search Of Reporters' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother's Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)


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'['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Londoners Pack Site Of Terror Attack In Show Of Resilience']' == '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "London's famed Borough Market was the site of a terror attack last month. Upscale restaurants say tourist bookings are down, but locals are packing the market in a show of solidarity."]' != '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)"]'

Question: Oregon County In Extreme Risk Zone Makes Vaccination A Priority

Fifteen Oregon counties are designated "extreme risk" for COVID-19 due to high infection rates. Rural Linn County's public health office is working to convince people there to get vaccinated.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: #NPRreads: Shake Things Up This Weekend With These 3 Stories

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#NPRreads is a weekly feature on Twitter and The Two-Way. The premise is simple: Correspondents, editors and producers from our newsroom share the pieces that have kept them reading, using the #NPRreads hashtag. Each weekend, we highlight some of the best stories. From News Desk Editor Barbara Campbell: This essay by Sarah Gailey is a hoot. It also feels true, delving into cartoon characters to ask why the women have to be villains to be bold, to seek power, to act now. The princess model relies on being liked, Gailey says:  "We look at thin-wristed shy-smiling nice-haired female protagonists and we see what's expected of us: wait. Be patient. Be nice. Be happy with your lot, enjoy what you're given, and don't look for more. ... everyone must love you. ... Don't get old or fat or tall. Don't make demands. Hope, maybe, but never expect."  As Gailey notes, the villainesses aren't role models. But maybe real women can model for the cartoons: standing up to powerful harassers, rejecting limits, running for president. From Political Reporter Sarah McCammon: As I cover the Donald Trump campaign, I'm thinking a lot about the white working class voters who tend to overwhelmingly support Trump: the frustrations they feel with "the elites" and the sense that "the system" wasn't created for them. The author of this piece about "coding white trash" describes a similar sense about forging a career in academia, while also feeling out of place each time she returns to her blue-collar roots. This discussion also appealed to me personally as someone who grew up in the Midwest, married a Southerner, and did not attend an elite college. I have experienced the feeling of insecurity that perhaps power centers like DC are really not meant for me. In my own family, people on one side tend to be farmers and a truck drivers and factory workers, while the other side includes a judge, neurosurgeon, and cardiologist. I've seen up close the gaps between their opportunity sets and how differently my cousins/aunts/uncles on either side live and think. Take that disparity and disconnect and amplify it times millions of Americans, and it provides an insight into our current political upheaval. This piece is excellent context for understanding that. From National Desk Associate Producer Laurel Wamsley: I love granny flats, the small backyard dwellings also known as carriage houses, laneway houses, or garage apartments. I lived in one my senior year of college, and it was great: a tiny little house I shared with a roommate, tucked behind a larger single-family home on a residential street near campus in Chapel Hill. As cities grapple with how to create more affordable housing, granny flats add capacity without significantly changing the existing look and feel of a neighborhood. These backyard homes create useful new housing types in neighborhoods that otherwise might be out of reach for low- or middle-income folks, while providing a new income stream for homeowners and adding density that can make it easier for local businesses to sprout. But construction of granny flats is contentious in some cities, pitting neighbors who want to build them against others who say, in this case literally, "not in my backyard." As the Washington Post's Emily Badger points out in this report on the battle in Los Angeles, the shortage of affordable housing there is so acute (and the laws so contradictory) that as many as 50,000 such units already exist. Just look for curtains in the garage windows. From Nina Gregory, a senior editor with NPR's Arts Desk: This beautifully written story details the elegiac motions of some of those who lost family members five years ago in the tsunami in Japan. It has an otherworldly quality of sadness, devotion and loss while also being very well reported. The story takes us into the ocean with a father searching for his daughter in an act that is so poignant and meditative, as a reader, I, too, felt his grief. To commit such resources in order to tell the story of those who are still grieving five years later is a meaningful commitment from The New York Times and well worth the reader's time.

Stories: 1) How Birth Control And Abortion Became Politicized 2) Life Without Plot In 'Leaving The Atocha Station' 3) 'Four The Record,' Lambert Comes To Terms With Herself


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Question: Full Text: Trump's New Executive Order On Travel, Annotated

President Trump signed a new executive order on Monday, after his first action temporarily barring refugees and travel from specific majority-Muslim countries faced a slew of criticism and lawsuits. The revised order has a number of changes, including dropping Iraq from the list of countries with restrictions. It also explicitly does not apply to lawful permanent residents (green card holders) or existing visa holders. The order goes into effect on March 16. Journalists across NPR will be annotating the full text of the order.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lloyds Says It Will Block Bitcoin Purchases On Its Credit Cards.  -- Top North Korean Official To Lead Delegation To Olympics. -- South Africa's ANC Meets To Decide Fate Of President Jacob Zuma.  -- CHART: How Trump's Immigration Proposal Compares With Other Plans. -- Vice President Pence To Keep Pressure On North Korea, Despite South Korean Warming. And here are more early headlines: Iraq Says U.S. Starts Drawing Down Its Troops In Iraq. (VOA) Syrian, Russian War Planes Attack Rebel Positions. (Washington Post) The U.S. Government Faces Another Potential Shutdown This Week. (CNN) Trump To Highlight Tax Law Today In Cincinnati. (AP/WKBN) Jerome Powell To Be Sworn In As Federal Reserve Chair. (New York Times)


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Question: Sir Isaac Newton Experimented With A Cure For The 1660s Plague

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In documents up for auction, we're learning about Newton's experiment. First, hang a toad upside down for three days and collect its vomit. Then grind it all up and apply the mixture topically.

Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: Cannes Film Festival

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Host Bob Edwards talks to Kenneth Turan, film critic for the Los Angeles Times, about the 53rd Cannes International Film Festival which opened in France this week.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Syria Says Israel Attacked Military Airport, Warns Of 'Repercussions'

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The Syrian government says Israel has attacked a military airport west of Damascus, and warns of "repercussions" without promising any specific retaliation. The Syrian state news agency SANA reports that rockets fired by the Israeli air force caused a fire at the al-Mezzeh airport just after midnight local time on Friday morning. The report did not identify if there were any casualties. Syria also accuses Israel of attacking the same airport with ground-to-ground missiles on Dec. 7, also causing a fire to break out, with no casualties. Syria accused Israel of supporting "terrorist organizations" through the strike. Israel has not responded to the claims. Over the last few years, Israel has repeatedly been charged with bombing military facilities in Syria, including sites that reportedly contained Iranian-made and Russian-made missiles.. It's "standard Israeli practice to not comment when such attacks happen," NPR's Emily Harris noted after one such reported strike in 2013. The strikes were reportedly prompted by concerns that heavy weapons are being transferred from Syria to Hezbollah — the Lebanon-based militant Islamist group on Israel's northern border. Hezbollah, a Shiite group, has supported President Bashar al-Assad in Syria's complex, multi-factional civil war. The Associated Press has more on the reported attack:  "Residents of Damascus reported hearing several explosions that shook the city. The Mezzeh airport compound, located on the southwestern edge of the capital, had been used to launch attacks on rebel-held areas near Damascus and has come previously under rebel fire. ... "Israeli Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman recently reiterated his government's position to not get involved in the Syrian war."

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Strong Quake Hits Near Iran-Iraq Border, Killing More Than 200.  -- Human Rights Barely Registers In Meeting Between Trump, Philippines' Duterte. -- Is A Corporate Tax Cut What The Economy Really Needs Right Now? --  Mueller Russia Probe Moves Into The White House And GOP's Math Problem On Taxes. And here are more early headlines: Democrats Draw Attention At U.N. Climate Conference. (Politico) Report: Syria Allegedly Starving Civilians To Force Surrender. (Amnesty International) Saudi Coalition To Ease, But Not Lift, Yemen Blockade. (VOA) North Korean Soldier Shot While Defecting To South Korea. (Yonhap) Eight Afghan Police Reportedly Killed In Western Province. (AP)  French Review Security, 2 Years After Paris Attacks. (Reuters) Menendez Jury Resumes Work With New Member. (NJ.com)


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Question: Lame Duck Congress Analysis

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NPR's Cokie Roberts discusses the history of lame duck congressional sessions as well as what we can expect from this one.  Hear Roberts and NPR's Steve Inskeep.


Question: Sustainable Development

Leaders from around the world are meeting in Johannesburg, South Africa at the United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development. Tavis Smiley gets a report from NPR's Richard Harris in Johannesburg, and then talks with Timothy Docking of the U.S. Institute of Peace, and Liana Stupples, campaigns director for Friends of the Earth.

Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: Hillary Rodham Clinton

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Examples:

"['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.\nIn comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]']" == "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed']"

Hillary Rodham Clinton may have left the  Mideast, but her Mideast problems have not left her. Today a Democratic New  York state lawmaker, who is Jewish, announced his support of Rudolph Giuliani,  Mrs. Clinton's likely Republican opponent in next year's Senate race. The  endorsement followed a week of speculation that the first lady would withdraw  from the contest, which supporters have emphatically denied. Andrea Bernstein  of member station WNYC reports on the scuttlebutt and how Clinton  dealt with it at her news conference today.

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['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "NPR's Michele Norris reads from some of this week's listener letters."] == ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Letters to 'All Things Considered'"]

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Ted Talk, Slow Bern, Queen B Stings


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Question: The Boiling Resentment Behind The Foiled Plan To Kidnap Gov. Whitmer

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In mid-April, thousands of citizens gridlocked the Michigan state Capitol for miles, unleashing a cacophony of noisemakers and car horns for nearly seven hours protesting Democratic Gov. Gretchen Whitmer's stay-at-home order. "Operation Gridlock" was dotted with red "Make America Great Again" hats and yellow "Live Free or Die" flags. President Trump cheered the protesters on, tweeting "LIBERATE MICHIGAN!" Despite polls showing long-standing approval of Whitmer's handling of the coronavirus, she faced loathsome criticism at protests like these staged by conservative political groups and tacitly supported by Republicans in the state Legislature. And at the same time, Whitmer's political star was rising. She earned a national reputation and a place on Democrat's vice presidential shortlist for her management of the COVID-19 crisis in Michigan. Under her leadership, Michigan moved from the state with the third-highest number of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people in April, to the bottom third in October.  As spring lingered on and other states began to ease restrictions, Whitmer continued to extend the state of emergency in Michigan.  Protests go fringe Over time, protests shrunk in size and attracted strong anti-Whitmer and misogynist sentiment. Signs like "tyrants get the rope," "Ditch the Witch" and "Heil Whitler" began to appear alongside Confederate flags and calls to "Let us free from tyranny." Then, on April 30, the governor extended the state of emergency again, without approval from the Republican-controlled Legislature, and heavily armed protesters stood over lawmakers in the state Senate gallery as they debated what to do about it.  In early May, Republicans grew tired of Whitmer's nearly unilateral control and decided to sue, arguing she was violating the Michigan constitution. "I can tell you straight up that I do not know how decisions are being made in that executive office. That curtain has been closed for a long time," said Senate Majority Leader Mike Shirkey, a Republican. By mid-May, protesters compared life under Whitmer's stay-at-home order to life under Nazi Germany. One brought a naked brunette Barbie doll hanging from a noose. Tension against Whitmer, the face of the Michigan coronavirus response, had reached a boiling point. But by June, those public tensions faded into the background when the stay-home order ended and protests against Whitmer were overtaken by Black Lives Matter protests against the police killing of George Floyd. A plot to kidnap the governor On Thursday, the world learned that in the months since those protests, 13 men with links to the militia movement had allegedly been involved in a plot to kidnap Whitmer from her vacation home on the west side of Michigan, try her for treason and overthrow the Michigan state government.  Michigan's Democratic attorney general, Dana Nessel, stood in front of cameras explaining that the FBI, along with state police, foiled the extremist plot. "A multifront operation to apprehend the suspects in question was carefully coordinated and skillfully executed," she said. The criminal complaint unsealed by the FBI on Thursday morning said six men surveilled the governor's vacation home twice in an alleged attempt to kidnap her and were incensed by her power, saying, "She has no checks and balances at all. She has uncontrolled power right now."  Several members of the group allegedly met and discussed plans for the plot at those protests at the Capitol in Lansing. In mid-June, one suspect said he wanted to recruit 200 men for an operation to attack the Capitol, a plot the group allegedly later abandoned, focusing their attention on the governor instead.   On Thursday afternoon, the governor responded to the alleged plot herself in a broadcast message, saying hate groups have taken Trump's unwillingness to condemn extremists as a call to action. "When our leaders meet with, encourage, or fraternize with domestic terrorists, they legitimize their actions and they are complicit. When they stoke and contribute to hate speech, they are complicit." Trump fought back on Twitter that night, saying Whitmer had done a terrible job handling the coronavirus and criticizing her for not thanking him for federal law enforcement's role in thwarting the kidnapping plans.  And Republican speaker of the state House of Representatives, Lee Chatfield, who briefly attended an April protest and mingled with protesters, responded in a statement Friday saying that "we won't overcome this by pointing fingers of or assigning blame," calling the alleged plan "evil" and saying that "these terrorists should be prosecuted quickly." Whitmer's 'unchecked power' undone The resentment for Whitmer has been steadily fomenting in two spheres: one in the far-right groups and militias who frequent Capitol protests and the other in the Republican majority of the state Legislature. Shirkey characterized Whitmer's COVID-19 response as "one-size-fits-all, heavy-handed, blunt-force inst

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Trump Meets 3 Americans Held In North Korea As They Return To U.S. -- Scientists Warn That Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano Could Erupt 'Ballistic Rocks'. -- Dam Collapse Leaves At Least 20 Dead In Kenya. -- In Election Upset, Malaysia's Mahathir Returns To Power After A Quarter Century. -- 'I Look Forward' To Ending My Life, 104-Year-Old Assisted Suicide Advocate Says. And here are more early headlines: White House Holding Summit On Artificial Intelligence. (Los Angeles Times) Ford Suspends F-150 Truck Production After Fire. (Detroit Free Press) Deadly New Storm Strikes Northern India. (Times Of India) 200th Anniversary Of Paul Revere's Death Observed. (Boston Globe) Mexican State Allows Nicknames Such As 'Big Moustache' On Ballot. (AP)


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Question: Heat Wave Has Sparked Another Round Of Grid Problems In Texas

The Texas electric grid is facing problems during a heat wave this week, fueling frustration that lawmakers have still not helped those who suffered during a devastating blackout back in February.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Longtime Progressive Activist Tom Hayden Dies At 76. -- Sexism Is Out In The Open In The 2016 Campaign. That May Have Been Inevitable. --AT&T-Time Warner Proposed Merger Is Compared To Comcast Deal. And here are more early headlines: France Is Clearing Calais Migrant Camp. (BBC) Heavy Bombardment Is Reported In Aleppo. (Al Jazeera) South Korean Leader Calls For Second Terms For Presidents. (Korea Herald) Average Price Of Gas Falls Slightly For The First Time In 11 Weeks. (AP) Cold Weather Kills Thousands Of Fish In Louisiana River. (WAFB) Leaning San Francisco Tower Is Also Sinking. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on this date 242 years ago. A new CD with oboist Paul Goodwin and the ensemble Terzetto (tairt-SET-toh) features Mozart's Oboe Quartet in F major. We'll hear the third movement. (Harmonia Mundi 907220)

From this year's Utrecht Early Music Festival in Holland, fortepianist Arthur Schoonderwoerd (S[CH]ON-der-vurd) performs the 12 Graz Waltzes by Franz Schubert. (Radio Nederland/European Broadcasting Union)