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Question: An Artist Sees Data So Powerful It Can Help Us Pick Better Friends

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There has been a lot of scary news about big data — about corporations or government invading your privacy. But imagine if we could use our data to make our lives better. That is at the center of artist Laurie Frick's work — she wants to help create a future in which self-delusion is impossible. In fact, she thinks this shift is inevitable once people wake up to the transformational power of big data. Frick is using her work to show people what the future looks like. But unlike most artists, she is also sharing it with people who can bring her ideas into the real world. "Data is going to turn into something more compelling than what we're seeing now. ... It's irresistible," Frick says. "The data that's tracked about us can be used in ways that's superpowerful." Her obsession with data started years ago, when she began tracking her sleep. She used watercolor drawings to help her see patterns in the data. Since then, Frick has used data about mood, exercise and personality — and turned it into vibrant, carefully crafted art, using dyes, leather, wood and laminate. The results look a bit like a spreadsheet composed by the abstract painter Mondrian. Data may seem abstract, but Frick aims to make it personal. "It's this moment in time where the data that's gathered about us is astronomical — it's crazy amounts," she says. So she is working on a way to make it easy for us to consume. She has starting with data about relationships. Frick is bubbly and outgoing, but she says she is not very good at assessing the character of friends. After years of working with data, she has begun to wonder whether numbers would be better than her intuition. "I'm the last one to figure it out ... when people are bad for me," she says.  Frick thinks an algorithm would do a better job. She has been experimenting with a trove of questions and answers that she downloaded from the dating site OkCupid. She says the questions are designed to assess your character, measuring things like honesty and empathy. This one is supposed to measure loyalty: If your partner shared their darkest secret with you and eventually you break up, would you tell other people the secret? Frick says OkCupid doesn't really do that much with these data. But she does. Frick's studio is filled with richly dyed felt that she assembles into what are essentially portraits. They get beneath the skin and expose how we really behave and think. Frick takes each characteristic and ranks it on a scale of 1 to 10 and gives it a color — darker colors are higher scores, yellows are lower scores. This could all sound like pie in the sky. But there is more to understand about Frick. She is not a typical artist — she has both an MBA and an MFA. Frick isn't interested in building a startup. She uses her artistic skills to imagine far beyond the limits of the present. But her knowledge of business has opened a door to the tech world. In Silicon Valley, executives are terrified that they will miss the next big thing. So they bring in artists like Frick to present out-of-the-box ideas. Frick does it as a performance. Her theater is tech conferences, corporate boardrooms and offices. She has been an artist-in-residence at Samsung and has been paid to perform at Google, Microsoft and IBM. She makes it seem as though her ideas are already real — and executives, investors and programmers willingly play along. One day, Frick did one of her performances in a corporate conference room in Austin, Texas. She presented her ideas to Sara Brand and Kerry Rupp, who invest in health-related startups.  Dressed for the part, Frick stood in front of them in a red-and-white seersucker power dress, her blond hair stylishly cut. She had a laptop and a PowerPoint presentation ready. "I just want to show you this prototype," Frick said, introducing a faux startup idea called Friend Nutrition. "Have you ever noticed that some friends are a vitamin and others are a little toxic?" she asked. "Who you hang out with will be like diet and exercise. We can manipulate body chemistry with friends." Frick imagines a future in which your smart watch will know how your body is responding to someone. Then it will combine with Facebook data about their personality. And that will let you know whether that person makes you lethargic, raises your blood pressure or depresses you. Rupp gets drawn in to the performance. "If you start training people that, 'Look at what's happening to your inflammation levels or whatever. This is the best thing for you and you can let go of the guilt,' " she says.  There are studies that show that your health is affected by your friends. For example, people who hang around with someone who is obese are more likely to become obese themselves. "It actually resonates with us because we're looking at what things can have literally an impact on people," Rupp says. Rupp and Brand leave with a new idea of how to think about health and personal data — one that might inform what they fund — and Frick

Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Bob Geldof, Musician and Humanitarian

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David and Tom Gardner revisit a recent chat with musician and humanitarian Bob Geldof.

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Stories: 1) Julie Andrews, Making Good after a Miserable Youth 2) Remembering Charlton Heston, Actor and Activist


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Question: Ty Cobb Joins Growing Roster Of Lawyers Inside Trump's White House

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Ty Cobb, the Washington lawyer not the baseball legend, is joining an ever growing roster of lawyers at the White House. NPR's Robert Siegel talks with Jeffrey Rosen, president and CEO of the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, about the role Cobb will play and the significance of his hiring.

Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: Adopting Open Records

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"['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "The death toll is soaring into the hundreds following the worst earthquake to hit Japan in recent history. Hundreds more are injured or missing. The 8.9 magnitude quake triggered a tsunami that ravaged Japan's eastern seaboard and traveled all the way across the Pacific."]" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Tsunami Ravages Japan's Eastern Seaboard"]"

Another round in the debate over open records and adoption kicked off yesterday. The Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute came out with a report that says adult adoptees should be able to get their birth records, and information on their birth mothers. Right now in most states, that's not an easy thing to do. While many adoptees try to contact their birth parents for personal and medical reasons, only a handful of states allow adults who were adopted to see their original birth certificates. And there are plenty of people who say that's with good reason. In an unlikely mix of groups, the ACLU, some Catholic organizations, and the National Council for Adoption have all come out against the idea of open records, often for very different reasons. Some cite privacy concerns, and the promise to birth mothers that they would be protected. Others argue that opening records would scare some women away from adoption, and could increase the number of abortions. Whichever side you're on, we want to hear your stories today. If you're adopted, did you access... or try to access... your birth records? Or if you're an adoptive parent or a mother who gave up a child for adoption, what's your experience with this?

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EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr:
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Provided: ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Florida Tobacco Suit'] Match: ['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Next week a jury in Florida will begin considering its verdict in the first smokers' class action lawsuit against the tobacco industry to come to trial. Lawyers for the plaintiffs are seeking more than 200-BILLION dollars in damages from the six biggest tobacco companies. The plaintiffs say they were sickened and misled by the cigarette companies. The tobacco industry says smokers chose freely to take up smoking. NPR's Cheryl Devall reports the eight month trial is already one of the longest civil cases in US history."] Hard Negative: ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.']

Question: The California Report Magazine 2007-03-16

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For instance, <<['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Rock critic Ken Tucker reviews two new releases from two new bands: Up The Bracket by the British band The Libertines and Love and Distortion by the San Francisco band The Stratford 4.']>>  to "['represent this text', 'Rock Critic Ken Tucker']"

Lousy Report Card for State Schools — Dozens of studies, conducted over two years, find that state schools need a dramatic overhaul in the way they're governed and funded in order to succeed in moving back toward the top nationwide. Also, a new art gallery and studio in Napa helps developmentally disabled adults find an outlet — and sales — for their creative spirit.

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Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


Question:
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E.g. "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Friday News Roundup - Domestic']" == "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'The longest partial government shutdown in history lurched through its fourth week as President Trump ordered thousands more federal workers to return to work without pay. CNN reports:  Only about 25% of the government was affected by the shutdown to begin with since Congress had already funded the Pentagon and other agencies. But there are a growing number of essential tasks performed by that quarter, which includes the Department of Justice, the Treasury Department and the Department of Homeland Security, among others. All have been working without pay.  While the president doubled down on demanding funding for the border wall, those protecting our maritime boundaries took a huge loss. On Tuesday, the Coast Guard’s 42,000 members did not receive their regular paycheck due to the partial shutdown — marking the first time members of the Armed Forces were not paid during a shutdown. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, asked President Trump to postpone his State of the Union until the government reopens, in part because the Secret Service has not been funded since the shutdown began. “Sadly, given the security concerns and unless government re-opens this week, I suggest that we work together to determine another suitable date after government has re-opened for this address or for you to consider delivering your State of the Union address in writing to the Congress on January 29th,” Pelosi wrote in the letter to Trump. Rapper Cardi B took to Instagram to share her take on the shutdown, imploring her followers to take action. “Our country is in a hellhole right now. All for a wall,” she said. When will the partial shutdown end? According to The Washington Post, here are President Trump’s options:  Meanwhile, William Barr, the president’s pick for attorney general, testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee. As Barr fielded questions about a range of issues, Democrats on the panel sought a definitive understanding of his stance on the Mueller probe. Senator Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-NY, told reporters:  So despite the fact that there were some nice words at the hearing, we do not have the kind of strong, clear commitments to the report being issued and there being no interference in the investigation that are needed, particularly now with President Trump treating the Justice Department as he has.  Who is William Barr, and how strong is his allegiance to the president? Finally, it was a big week for presidential bid announcements. Tulsi Gabbard, Kirsten Gillibrand and Julian Castro jumped into the fray. Who’s next? We’ll get to all that and more on the Friday News Roundup. Text by Kathryn Fink. GUESTS Molly Ball, National political correspondent, TIME; political analyst, CNN; @mollyesque Asma Khalid, Political reporter, NPR; @asmamk For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.']" != "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.']"

Question: Adjustments Behind The Numbers Shape Job News

Employers added 80,000 jobs in June, fewer than expected. It appears that hiring has slowed considerably after starting the year at a healthy clip. But as NPR's Sonari Glinton explains monthly payroll numbers aren't always reliable.

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "As least three clinical studies have determined beyond any doubt that circumcised men have a reduced risk of becoming infected with HIV. The results are leading the World Health Organization to recommend that young adult men in areas with high rates of HIV should be circumcised — but only if highly trained medical professionals are available.  The agency also warns that it should be clearly explained to the men that circumcision does not completely protect them against infection. The recommendations come with numerous other caveats — which could mean that in most developing countries, circumcision will not be widely available. MELISSA BLOCK, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Melissa Block. The World Health Organization is now recommending that circumcision be offered to young men in countries that have major AIDS epidemics, including South Africa and Botswana.  The procedure is not usually done in many of those countries. The WHO cautioned that circumcision should be provided along with programs that promote abstinence, monogamy and the use of condoms. NPR's Brenda Wilson reports.  BRENDA WILSON: Though most countries in sub-Saharan African have been affected by HIV, scientists observed that the epidemic is worse where men are not circumcised. In Botswana, for example, it's estimated that more than a third of all adults in the country are infected with HIV. In contrast, in Senegal, a mainly Muslim country where circumcision is part of religious practice, about one-and-a-half percent of adults are infected.  Three clinical studies concluded that circumcision reduces the risk of HIV by as much as 60 percent. Dr. Kevin De Cock, head of WHO's AIDS division, says the findings can't be ignored. Young men who are not infected in countries with high rates of HIV should be circumcised.  Dr. KEVIN DE COCK (World Health Organization): The implications are really quite major because what this represents is the World Health Organization, UNAIDS and the scientific community saying male circumcision is an effective strategy for the prevention of the acquisition of HIV in heterosexual men, and this really needs to be considered as an additional prevention strategy.  WILSON: But if it is to be done, De Cock says, it has to be done right. The procedure should be done by trained health professionals such a physician assistants, nurses, under hygienic conditions. There should be confidentiality, informed consent, no coercion, cultural sensitivity, and offered in a way that carries no new stigma.  De Cock says new resources will be needed so that resources won't be diverted from other AIDS programs. Prevention will still be key.  Dr. DE COCK: Men must be advised that this offers only partial protection. Other prevention measure are required, and we must guard against sort of relaxation of behavioral and preventive measures.  WILSON: There's a biological explanation for why circumcision works. Dr. Ron Gray, professor of reproductive epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, was in charge of the circumcision study in Uganda.  Dr. RON GRAY (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health): The intact male foreskin is very rich in the cells that are targets for HIV, whereas the outside part of the foreskin is just like ordinary skin. It's covered with a protein called keratin, and the keratin reduces the likelihood of HIV infection.  WILSON: That sensitive skin is exposed during sexual intercourse, heightening the risk of infection. In many countries, removing the foreskin at birth has long been an accepted practice, irrespective of religion, and Gray says that when men in Africa learn that circumcision reduces the chance of infection, many want to be circumcised.  Dr. GRAY: The horse is out of the stable, basically. We either respond to this demand or there is a real risk that surgeries could be performed by people who would not do a safe procedure.  WILSON: WHO is not recommending that men who are HIV infected to be circumcised, since there are suggestions that might be more of a risk for their partners. Studies are underway to determine whether women benefit directly.  By reducing infections in men, the implications are that the whole community, a country in fact, stands to benefit. Millions of new cases of HIV in Africa could be prevented in the next two decades. Brenda Wilson, NPR News."]" == "['', 'WHO Recommends Circumcision, Citing HIV Data']"

May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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"['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'With some fascinating analysis, The National Journal concludes that "The most expensive public enemy in American history died [Monday] from two bullets." So how did they calculate how much the U.S. has spent because of Osama bin Laden? Among other things, they added up the costs of the two wars caused by Sept. 11, the cost of upping security after the 1998 bombing of U.S. embassies in Africa and then the shear cost of damage resulting from 9/11 and the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole. The total? $3 trillion over the past 15 years. That compares to $4.4 trillion (in 2011 dollars) fighting Adolf Hitler, which the magazine says had plenty of economic benefit including ending the Great Depression. Timothy McVeigh, the National Journal reports, cost the U.S. $1.08 billion. This fits nicely with a piece that Washington Post\'s Ezra Klein wrote earlier in the week. Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, a counter terrorism expert, told Ezra that despite the fact that the U.S. didn\'t get close to say enacting sharia law, "bin Laden has been enormously successful." And here\'s why:  Bin Laden, according to Gartenstein-Ross, had a strategy that we never bothered to understand, and thus that we never bothered to defend against. What he really wanted to do — and, more to the point, what he thought he could do — was bankrupt the United States of America. After all, he\'d done the bankrupt-a-superpower thing before. And though it didn\'t quite work out this time, it worked a lot better than most of us, in this exultant moment, are willing to admit.']" == "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'National Journal: Bin Laden Has Cost The U.S. $3 Trillion']"

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


Question:
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E.g. "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR!', 'News Brief: North Korea Fires ICBM, Republican Tax Plan Gains Support, CFPB']" == "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "North Korea fired what the Pentagon says was an intercontinental ballistic missile for the third time in 2017. Also, GOP continues work on a tax overhaul and The Washington Post's Renae Merle on CFPB."]" != "['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google\'s Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth\'s Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)']"

Question: Tuesday, September 11, 2018

As forecasters monitor Hurricane Florence, scientists say one of the biggest threats posed by Florence is rain. The Trump administration wants sole credit for a strong economy. Also, millions of civilians could be in the path of a bombing campaign in the northern part of Syria.

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A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: California State University vs. Its Faculty

represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details For instance, <<['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr.\nThe provided query could be "With Halloween upon us, images of witches abound. But for some, witching is a year-round thing. Youth Radio’s Akemi Weaver sent us this story to explain why. \nWatch\xa0Akemi Weaver’s video “How To Cast A Love Spell”\n\nGuest\n\nAkemi Weaver, 15-year-old contributor to Youth Radio." and the positive "I Am A Teenage Witch"', 'Four mass graves were found last week outside Kigali province, the capital of Rwanda, 24 years after the country\'s genocide. A long process has begun to identify the remains. An Associated Press photo tells the story of many family members: France Mukantagazwa lifts her glasses to wipe tears from her face. Behind her are dirty, wrinkled clothes belonging to the bodies exhumed from one of the mass graves. Mukantagazwa lost her father and other relatives in 1994 and thinks their bodies could be in one of the graves. Forensic anthropologist Melissa Connor worked in Rwanda in the two years after the genocide, which left more than 800,000 people dead. She says the identification process relies on items people carried with them, which makes it particularly challenging. "The bodies will be more decayed," Connor says. "The clothing should be more decayed as well, and the identification cards may not be in a shape to be read — if they exist at all anymore."  Interview Highlights On how victims are identified in mass graves Generally, what we consider confirmatory identification consists of DNA, dental records or fingerprints. We start, though, with presumptive identification, which can include visual identification, clothing or identification cards. In cases like Rwanda, where there aren\'t pre-mortem samples of DNA, dental or fingerprints, you may end up having to work only with what we would consider a presumptive ID. ... Often relatives know the clothing that their other relatives had. In places like Rwanda, often mothers or wives sewed those clothes, or had a hand in making them, so that they will recognize their own handiwork. And of course it can also misidentify, because the number of people in some kind of T-shirt, bluejeans and sandals is going to be a lot. On the importance of identifying those buried in mass graves It\'s bringing closure to the family; it\'s letting them know exactly what happened to their relatives. Because there\'s always the question of, "Are they in the grave? Did they escape?" There [were] people fleeing from Rwanda into the Congo — the refugee camps there were huge. Some of those people have come back; there will always be people who weren\'t able to come back, or who died in the refugee camps. So knowing what happened exactly to your relative is a way for — to help families close the book on that chapter in their lives. Linah Mohammad and Renita Jablonski produced and edited the audio story. Sydnee Monday adapted it for the Web.  AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:  There is an Associated Press photo that tells the story of a difficult discovery in Rwanda. A woman is lifting her glasses off her nose to wipe tears from her face. Behind her are wrinkled and dirty clothes hanging over thick, wooden posts - pants, blue jeans and T-shirts - clothes from the bodies exhumed from a mass grave outside of the capital, Kigali, one of four discovered last month, 24 years after Rwanda\'s genocide. The woman in the photo lost her father and relatives in 1994. She thinks their remains could be in one of those graves. A long process has begun to identify these victims. Forensic anthropologist Melissa Connor worked in Rwanda in the two years after the genocide. She joins us now. Welcome to the program. MELISSA CONNOR: Thank you. CORNISH: First help us understand how people are able to identify victims in a mass grave. We described clothing in the photo. Are there other elements that you look for? CONNOR: Generally what we consider confirmatory identification consists of DNA, dental records or fingerprints. We start, though, with presumptive identification, which can include visual identification, clothing or identification cards. In cases like Rwanda where there aren\'t pre-mortem samples of DNA, dental or fingerprints, you may end up having to work only with what we would consider a presumptive ID. CORNISH: How does clothing help? I mean, if you think of this being a war-torn moment - right? - a moment of crisis, how does that help you do your work? CONNOR: Often relatives know the clothing that their other relatives had in places like Rwanda. Often mothers or wives sewed those clothes or had a hand in making them so that they will recognize their own handiwork. And of course it can also misidentify because the number of people in some kind of T-shirt, blue jeans and sandals is going to be a lot. CORNISH: You were working on this not long after the murders in 1994, right? But here we are two decades later. What will be some of the limitations in this project? CONNOR: The bodies will be more decayed. The clothing should be more decayed as well. And the identification cards may not be in a shape to be read if they exist at all anymore. CORNISH: Talk about those identification cards. I gather this is specific to Rwanda. CONNOR: Yes. Individuals carried cards that identified themselves as Hutu, Tutsi or Twa. And that was checked on the card. CORNISH: Rwanda has prided itself on reconciliation over these last two decades, b']>>  to "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'In Rwandan Mass Graves, There Are Few Ways To Identify The Dead. Clothing Is One']"

This morning's first hour explores issues driving the contract impasse between the California State University system and its faculty.


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Question: How The Landscape Is Shifting For Sexual Harassment Accusers, Accused And Attorneys

After Harvey Weinstein was accused of sexual abuse, scores of others have been similarly accused. But instead of accusations starting in a lawyer’s office, these suits begin on social media. And because of that, some attorneys representing prominent clients are scouring social media to squelch accusations before they become public. Here & Now‘s Robin Young talks with Debra Katz (@DebraKatzKMB), an attorney specializing in harassment and discrimination, about the fundamental shift in the landscape of sexual harassment accusations and the way they are handled. Editor’s Note: Katz is representing a group of women at NPR in response to sexual harassment allegations against the network’s former news executive Michael Oreskes.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department's Search Of Reporters' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother's Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)


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Question: Ohio State Fans Hit Hard By Big Ten, Pac-12 Fall Sports Cancellation

With the Big Ten college football season postponed, Ohio State fans are among the more disappointed with the unprecedented move.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Tens Of Thousands Expected Today At Florida Rally For Trayvon Martin . -- The Arguments Begin: Supreme Court Takes Up Health Care Starting Today. -- It's 'Unbelievable To Me,' Says Wife Of Army Sgt. Accused In Afghan Killings. -- Is GOP Race At 'Tipping Point' Or Destined To Keep Going? -- Tragedy In West Virginia: Child Is Ninth Victim Of House Fire. Other stories in the news: -- China, U.S. Agree To Coordinate Reponse To 'Potential Provocation' If North Korea Launches Long-Range Rocket. (BBC News) -- "Obama To Medvedev: No Missile Deal Before Election." (The Wall Street Journal) -- "Cheney Operation Underscores Heart Transplant Issues." (Shots) -- Final Four Is Set: Kansas, Kentucky, Louisville and Ohio State. (Morning Edition) -- Tiger Woods Wins First PGA Tour Event Since 2009. (Golf.com)


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Question: Biden Signs 3 Immigration Executive Orders. Activists Want More

Updated at 6:18 p.m. ET President Biden signed three executive orders on Tuesday that he said would lead to a more "fair, orderly, humane" immigration system, including one that would begin the difficult process of reuniting migrant children separated from their parents after crossing the U.S.-Mexico border. "There's a lot of talk, with good reason, about the number of executive orders that I've signed. I'm not making new law — I'm eliminating bad policy," Biden told reporters in the Oval Office before signing three actions to begin to roll back former President Donald Trump's hard-line immigration measures. One of the orders creates a task force to find ways to reunite children in the U.S. with their parents, who were deported without them — something Biden said was a "moral and national shame." The job is made challenging by a lack of records. Details of how children will be reunited are still to be determined. The task force will make recommendations on how to do it, working with representatives of families and other stakeholders. The task force will issue a report on its progress in 120 days and every 60 days thereafter, White House press secretary Jen Psaki told reporters. But advocates said urgent action is needed. "What we need now is an immediate commitment to specific remedies, including reunification in the U.S., permanent legal status and restitution for all of the 5,500-plus families separated by the Trump administration," said the American Civil Liberties Union's Lee Gelernt, who fought the issue in court. "Anything short of that will be extremely troubling given that the U.S. government engaged in deliberate child abuse," Gelernt said in a statement. Officials who previewed the executive actions to reporters said change won't happen overnight. In fact, more actions are almost certain to follow. "It takes time to review everything, so we are starting with these right now, but that doesn't mean it's the end of it," one of the officials said. Restoring asylum A second order looks at how to address the surge of migrants seeking asylum in the U.S. in recent years and will look at how to replace the Migrant Protection Protocols program — what Trump referred to as "Remain in Mexico." Biden suspended that program on his first day in office. He has vowed to help countries in Central America address the underlying causes of migration. But the administration wants to restore the asylum system, officials said — and do something to help people stuck in camps at the border. The details of how that will happen are not yet clear. "We want to put in place an immigration process here that is humane, that is moral, that considers applications for refugees, applications for people to come into this country at the border in a way that treats people as human beings. That's going to take some time. It's not going to happen overnight," Psaki told reporters.  The third order requires agencies to do a "top-to-bottom review of recent regulations, policies and guidance that have set up barriers to our legal immigration system." The first one to go: Trump's "public charge" rule, which prevented immigrants from getting permanent resident, or green card, status if they had or were likely to require public benefits such as housing subsidies. Advocacy groups said ending the public charge rule would help immigrants struggling with health care and food insecurity amid the COVID-19 crisis. The new administration is under pressure from immigration activists who are worried that reforms will stall as Biden rushes to deal with the response to the health and economic crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic — as well as climate change and racial equity priorities. Biden sent a sweeping immigration legislative proposal to Congress the day he was sworn into office, but it's unclear how quickly the plan may be considered.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Activists In Bahrain Lay Low After Crackdown

For the past two and a half months, the government of Bahrain has brutally targeted opposition figures who led massive anti-government protests in February and March. Human rights groups say the government has now ruled it a crime to be against the government.

Good morning - here are some of the leading headlines we're following today: 'Picture Perfect Launch' For Private Rocket Headed To Space Station. Deal Reached On Probe Of Iran's Nuclear Program, IAEA Chief Says. Memorial Walk, Moment Of Silence Planned For Joplin On First Anniversary Of Devastating Tornado. (Joplin Globe) Jurors In John Edwards Corruption Trial Begin Third Day Of Deliberations. (Reuters) Images Show North Korea Conducts Unknown Activity At Nuclear Test Site. (CNN) Myanmar Opposition Leader Aung San Suu Kyi Will Address U.N. Labor Conference Next Month In Switzerland. (AP) 2 Protesters Die In Lebanon At Funeral Of Murdered Anti-Syrian Cleric; 5 Killed In Syrian Bombing. (VOA) Four Perish Climbing Everest, One Missing While Dozens More Continue Toward Summit (ABC) Oklahoma City Defeats Los Angeles To Reach NBA Western Conference Finals; 8 Wounded In Oklahoma City Violence After Victory. (Oklahoman) Man Survives Suicide Attempt After Leaping Into Niagara Falls. (USA Today)


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Question: Julian Fellowes On The Rules Of 'Downton'

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"['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "NPR''s Mike Shuster reports from Jerusalem on the largest wave of immigration Israel has experienced in its 50 years of existence. Nearly one-million Jews have moved to Israel from Russia, Ukraine and other parts of the former Soviet Union over the past nine years. These immigrants have had a profound impact on virtually every aspect of Israeli life."]" == "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Immigration To Israel']"

Julian Fellowes may be the Baron Fellowes of West Stafford, but the English screenwriter, director and novelist says his background "was much more ordinary than the newspapers have made it." What he means is that he did not grow up with servants waiting on him hand and foot, as people have seen done for the Crawley family on Downton Abbey, the hit television series Fellowes created. The third season premiered Sunday. The series details the lives of the Crawleys and the people who serve them in an upstairs-downstairs examination of social class in the first half of the 20th century. The world the Crawleys have always known is fast becoming anachronistic. By the time Fellowes, who also wrote the screenplay for Robert Altman's 2001 film Gosford Park, was growing up as a boy in the '50s, the bulk of the social upheaval dramatized in the series had already happened. This is one of the reasons he says his title does not necessarily indicate the grandness of his lifestyle. That said, much of what he knows of that life he learned from relatives who both lived it and lived through the world events that changed it. His oldest great aunt, for example, is the model for Violet Grantham, played by Maggie Smith. "[My aunt] was born in 1880, you know," he tells Fresh Air's Dave Davies, "and she was presented in 1898 and married before the first war and all of that, and I knew her perfectly well. She only died when I was 21, so I was able to hear a lot of this stuff firsthand." It's the juxtaposition of the lives of the aristocratic family against the lives of the servants that defines Fellowes' work. Class is a defining and longstanding fascination for him. It began, he says, with his mother and father. "My parents came from different backgrounds," he tells Davies. "My father's was grander than my mother's, so my mother had ... to put up with the disapproval of my father's relations. And ... I saw it as a child when I didn't really understand what was going on, and I saw it later as an adult when I did. ... From that grew a kind of interest, in a way, of the unfairness of class, the fact that it is so arbitrary in its selection ... and yet it shapes a life and creates entitlement."  Interview Highlights On rules "We don't really like rules. We think, in some way, they are an infringement of liberty. But of course the good thing about rules is that you always know what you're doing, you always know what you should wear, you always know where you're supposed to be, when you're supposed to get there, what you're supposed to do when you do get there, and, you know, we've lost that kind of security." On working with Maggie Smith as the Dowager Countess in Downton Abbey "What I love about Maggie is that she has this extraordinary skill to bring many different aspects of a character into her delineation, but they never seem contradictory. She never turns into a different person. A lesser actor would, you know, find it difficult to be kind and cruel simultaneously, or superficial here but quite deep here. But she manages to synthesize all these elements into a believable woman and, of course, she's very, very funny, so whatever you write for her always sounds much funnier than it was when you thought of it and, you know, all of those reasons make her very rewarding to write for." On writing Gosford Park for director Robert Altman "I went out and got every single Altman film I could find and gave myself a kind of weeklong Altman fest, and I understood his style and, quite deliberately, I wrote the film so that he would recognize it as one of his own films, despite the fact that the subject matter — you know, the English, the upper class, whatever you call them, and the servants and so on — was not his natural terrain. Nevertheless, the style of the film, the way it was constructed, the multiplot thing, interlocking one scene which promotes maybe three or four stories and so on, that was all designed so that he would feel at home in this script." On the first time he became aware of the upstairs-downstairs dynamic "I remember one time when I was quite young ... I was staying in a house and I got lost and I went through the wrong door, and I was standing at the top of the staircase that led down into the kitchens and everything. And there was a tremendous row going on between what sounded like four or five, six people shouting. ... And I suddenly had such a powerful sense of the lives that were being lived by the people who worked there. Not, you know, only the family who lived there, but people who worked there were also, you know, enjoying life or hating each other or loving each other or whatever." TERRY GROSS, HOST:  This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross. If you haven't caught the "Downton Abbey" bug, you may be sick of hearing people obsess over whether Lady Mary and Matthew Crawley will ever wed or whether poor Mr. Bates would overcome his troubles. Even if you aren't a fan of "Masterpiece Classics" series, we think you'll find it

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Stories: 1) Comedians Chews Up Midlife Foibles 2) Saadiq Revisits R&B Past In 'The Way I See It' 3) Silverman Shocks Her Way To A Third Season 4) Operatives And 'Lies' In Ridley Scott's New Thriller


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Question: Milk Money Is No Longer Chump Change

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Chugging a glass of milk these days is making wallets lighter. Milk prices are almost as high as gasoline prices, and in some places, even higher.  According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the retail price for a gallon of milk in April was, on average, $3.14. That's not too far off the record price of $3.57 from June 2004; experts predict that milk prices will soon reach or surpass the record.  What's causing the price increase is a typical supply-and-demand struggle. There's always a huge demand for milk and milk products in the United States. But now, demand has surged from Latin America, China and other Southeast Asian countries, which are consuming milk and using milk products, such as whey and lactose, in increasing amounts. Meanwhile, milk production in Australia has declined because of drought. And the level of milk produced by the European Union is lower because of changes in agricultural policies.  The demand is growing faster than the supply.  In the United States, production actually is up, but it's at lower levels than last year — and gasoline may be partially to blame.  At Golden Oaks Farms in Illinois, 570 cows are milked three times a day. The facility ships out roughly 5,000 gallons of milk per day; much of it is used to make cheese. Golden Oaks Operations Manager Nate Janssen says the farm ends up earning about $1 per gallon — one-third of milk's per-gallon retail price.  Despite the increased demand for milk, some dairy farmers are reluctant to expand their herds. Janssen notes that it has become much more expensive for dairy farmers to feed livestock, because the corn that cows eat is also being sought by producers of the gasoline additive ethanol.  Higher milk prices may be benefiting some farmers. But Janssen notes that the cost of milk still lags behind other grocery food items. And, he says, as dairy operations work to meet milk demand, they face one of the same problems that consumers face: the high price of gasoline. ALEX COHEN, host:  Milk prices are at an all-time high. A gallon of milk now costs as much as a gallon of gas.  NPR's Cheryl Corley reports that even though there's more milk being produced now, it is still not enough to meet global demand.   CHERYL CORLEY: In some quarters, the hue and cry over milk prices is just as loud and rowdy as complaints about the high cost of gasoline.  (Soundbite of stock exchange floor)  CORLEY: Okay, to be fair, traders are always yelling and gesturing on the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Broker Brian Rice(ph) works in the dairy pit and says the market price for milk has already hit an all-time high as the international demand for milk continues to grow.  Mr. BRIAN RICE (Broker): Asian countries, as their wealth increases, every extra $10 they earn goes toward food, for the most part. Dairy proteins are in really high demand. The U.S. has become the supplier of U.S. dairy products for the world.   CORLEY: So there are more shipments of dry milk and dairy products like whey going to China and India. If the question is, got milk, the answer might be, well, maybe, because demand is high and supply is tight. With that formula comes higher prices both abroad and at home.   The Bureau of Labor Statistics says the retail price for a gallon of milk in April, for instance, was on average $3.14.   Larry Salathe, an economist and dairy expert with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, says this isn't the first time milk prices have been so high.  Mr. LARRY SALATHE (United States Department of Agriculture): They hit a record in June of 2004 of $3.57 a gallon.  CORLEY: Salathe says people who drink milk can expect to pay close to that amount in the next few months. Other experts predict an even higher price of $4 a gallon or more.   In the parking lot of a Dominick's supermarket in Lake Zurich, Illinois, northwest of Chicago, shoppers aren't too pleased with the news. Lorin Darlington(ph), helping her two young sons get out of the family minivan, says the most common staple she buys at the grocery store is milk.  Ms. LORIN DARLINGTON: It's crazy. I have three gallons in my fridge right now. I have a skim and two one percents.   CORLEY: So you drink a lot of milk.  Ms. DARLINGTON: We do.  CORLEY: The retail price of a gallon of milk in the store today is $3.39. Shoppers could buy two gallons for about $4.30, a bargain good enough to grab Darlington's attention.   Ms. DARLINGTON: I try to buy it when it's on sale. Yeah, the price bothers me, but gas is, you know, high too. So it's hard to get around all that stuff.  CORLEY: There are a couple of other reasons why milk prices are high. Milk production in several foreign countries, primarily Australia and the European Union, has been on the decline. And even though there's been a slight increase in the amount of U.S. milk production, it's not as much as last year. That's reason enough to go to the source.  (Soundbite of mooing cow)  CORLEY: Here at Golden Oaks Farm in Wauconda, Illinois,

Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: Mets' Pitcher Makes 'Knuckleball!' His Own

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It's an exclusive club: Pitchers who rely on the knuckleball, and win, in Major League Baseball. It's one of the most difficult and unpredictable pitches in the game. Only about 80 players have ever used the knuckleball consistently in the major leagues. Even fewer have been successful. New York Mets pitcher R.A. Dickey is one of the few active starting pitchers in professional baseball who use this slower, methodical pitch. He's chasing 20 wins, and a possible Cy Young Award, in the 2012 season. Typically, pitchers try to throw the ball as hard as they can and put as much spin on the ball as possible. With a knuckleball, the pitcher uses a special grip to take the spin off the ball and slow it down. The pitch then takes a long time to reach the plate, but it's hard to hit because the batter doesn't know which way the ball will break — and neither does the pitcher. Dickey tells NPR's Neal Conan that one common misconception about the pitch is that it's thrown with the knuckles. But actually, he says, "they call it a knuckleball because you see the knuckles sticking straight up in the air when your grip is coming forward to the hitter. But at the same time, it's your fingernails that are dug into the surface area of the leather of the baseball that enable you to stabilize it in a way where you can release it without spin." Along with famed Red Sox knuckleballer Tim Wakefield, Dickey is one of the subjects of a new documentary, Knuckleball! He's also recently written a memoir, Wherever I Wind Up.  Interview Highlights On how he learned to throw the knuckleball "My grandfather showed me the first grip of a knuckleball when I was probably around 8 or 9 years old, and I just kind of played with it ever since. I think what I became enamored with right off the bat was he showed me a ... yellowed newspaper clipping of him striking out 17 or 18 hitters throwing nothing but knuckleballs. And from then on I was hooked." On why the knuckleball is generally a pitcher's Plan B "I really didn't have a need for a knuckleball because I threw the ball pretty hard and was going to be a first-round draft pick because I had the ability to throw the ball 94, 95 miles an hour, which usually puts you in as a top-round pick. And so I really didn't have a need for it. I could get guys out with the weapons that I already had. ... "[Then, after] I had been a conventional pitcher for some time professionally and, you know, I had to come to terms with my own mediocrity. And that's a hard thing to do for an athlete. And thankfully I had shown the knuckleball enough in my practice sessions and occasionally when I threw it in a game where Orel Hershiser, the pitching coach for the Texas Rangers, said I think you can do this the full time, because what you're doing now as a conventional pitcher just wasn't going to cut it anymore. And so I had to take that next step and I did that in 2005." On why it's so hard to throw a good knuckleball "I think a lot of people think it's an easy thing, because they see a ball coming up at 75 or 65 miles an hour and they think, 'Oh, I can throw that hard.' Well, to be able to take spin off of a baseball is very difficult. ... "And also, you know, it takes a great deal of hand-eye coordination to be able to be comfortable with the feel of a good knuckleball. And what I mean by that is when I release the ball from the rubber or the mound, by the time it gets to the home plate and the catcher's mitt, I want it to have rotated about a quarter of a revolution. "And so to be able to feel a quarter of a revolution come out, it takes a lot of repetition. And hopefully over the course of many, many years, you're able to build that repetition in where it becomes muscle memory and you don't have to think about it. It can become just an organic experience, if you will. And for me, that's what it took. It took about four years for me to really get comfortable in my own skin." NEAL CONAN, HOST:  It's been called a trick, a gimmick, a circus pitch and a freak. With most pitchers, the idea is to throw the ball as hard as you can and put a lot of spin on it. With a knuckleball, you take the spin off, and velocity usually ranges between slow and slower. The batter doesn't know which way the ball will break because the knuckleball pitcher doesn't know where it's going either. (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "KNUCKLEBALL!") JIM BOUTON: You need the fingertips of a safecracker and the mind of a Zen Buddhist as you throw the ball off of your fingertips. But if one of those fingers happens to catch on the ball or stay on it a little bit longer, it tumbles. And once the ball tumbles, you know, it's like batting practice. You know, here, hit it. TIM WAKEFIELD: A lot of times it has a mind of its own. BOUTON: It's going to do whatever it feels like doing, and you don't know what that's going to be. WAKEFIELD: You know, you let it go and see where it takes you. CONAN: That's an excerpt from a new documentary called "Knuckleball!" You heard two

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Stories: 1) Do You See What I See? A Scientist's Journey Into 3-D 2) Dr. John: Righteous Anger, Graced By Wit 3) Clunky Characters, Cancer Characterize 'Big C'


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Question: FBI Building May Soon Be 'Put Out Of Its Misery'

The nation's capital has been undergoing something of a building boom. Dozens of construction cranes dot the Washington, D.C., skyline. So it comes as no surprise that the federal government is hoping to take advantage of the real estate values and unload what's seen by many as an eyesore on Pennsylvania Avenue: the J. Edgar Hoover Building, headquarters of the FBI. The Hoover building sits on a valuable piece of real estate: Pennsylvania Avenue is where the inaugural parade is held every four years; the Capitol building looms just up the street; and the White House is not far away in the other direction. Tourists used to visit by the thousands each day, but the tours stopped after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. Now the building — never much to look at in its prime — has fallen into a state of disrepair. "If you look at the sides and the tower on top of the building, you'll see there's netting on the facades of the tower because the concrete's been chipping away," says Catesby Leigh, an architecture critic. Leigh is no fan of the FBI building or its design — the exposed concrete style called Brutalism. "This building reflects the tendency within Brutalism to completely ignore the building's surroundings, and it's just plopped down as if it dropped in from outer space," he says. "Also, you have a moat running around three sides of the building, which just intensifies its forbidding aspect. ... There's a very large consensus that the sooner it's put out of its misery, the better." The FBI essentially agrees with Leigh, calling the Hoover building, completed in 1974, "obsolete, inefficient and expensive." And — despite the moat — it doesn't meet modern security standards. The bureau says because of its growth after the Sept. 11 attacks, half of the staff doesn't even fit in the Hoover building. So it rents other space around Washington at a cost of $168 million a year. The agency that oversees government buildings and properties, the General Services Administration, says it's time to think about a move. "We believe the Pennsylvania Avenue site has considerable potential for higher and better use than as a headquarters of a federal agency," the GSA's Dorothy Robyn testified at a recent congressional hearing. "We hope to unlock that hidden value and apply it to the creation of a new facility." The GSA has received 35 proposals to sell the Pennsylvania Avenue site to developers and use the proceeds to build the FBI a new headquarters. Officials from Washington and its Maryland and Virginia suburbs are jockeying for the headquarters and the 11,000 jobs it would bring. Advocates of suburban locales say they can provide sites better suited to the security needs of the FBI. Washington's congressional delegate, Eleanor Holmes Norton, says there is no need to move the FBI out of the capital — there are secure sites in D.C. as well. "We are in the process of building ... the Department of Homeland Security. That is going to be a complex of secure agencies that are now spread all over the region," she says. "So if your concern, or the concern of some, is security — you need to move on." The government is just beginning to review proposals, and it will be a few years before the FBI will be able to move. Still, it appears that the days of the J. Edgar Hoover Building are numbered.

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Friday News Roundup - Domestic

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There was a lot of confusion — perhaps even more than usual — about the state of health care this week. After President Trump signed an executive order and said he’d eliminate Affordable Care Act cost-sharing payments that help low-income recipients pay out-of-pocket expenses, the subsidies seemed to be temporarily reinstated. But then … confusion. In this edition of the News Roundup, we’ll also ask what the president said, or didn’t say, to the widow of a veteran killed in Niger. And why did he take so long to reach out to the families of the fallen? Plus another block for Trump’s travel ban and a review of the president’s meeting with Ricardo Rosselló, the governor of Puerto Rico. GUESTS Charlie Sykes, Conservative commentator; author of “How the Right Lost Its Mind”; @SykesCharlie Ruth Marcus, Deputy editorial page editor and columnist, The Washington Post; @RuthMarcus Greg Ip, Chief economics commentator, The Wall Street Journal; author of “Foolproof: Why Safety Can Be Dangerous and How Danger Makes Us Safe”; n@greg_ip For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2017 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Bruce Ames: Micronutrients and Nutrition

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Forum talks with Bruce Ames about the links between micronutrients, nutrient deficiency and effects of hidden hunger on human health.

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Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'


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Question: Was That Jump A 6? Subjectivity In Olympic Judging

Vote-trading scandals in the 1998 and 2002 Olympics forced the International Skating Union to make major changes to its judging system, including obscuring which judge issued which mark. Sports correspondent Mike Pesca discusses the issue of transparency and subjectivity in Olympics judging with NPR's Rachel Martin.

Stories: 1) 'Just One More Thing' About Falk, TV's 'Columbo' 2) What Happens When Charter Schools Fail?


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Question: U.S. Figure Skaters Are Underdogs In These Games

The Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, are just days away, and some 230 athletes will be representing the United States. Representing team NPR is Sonari Glinton. He gives NPR's Scott Simon a rundown of who to watch on the ice.

It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: The Dryden Ensemble Performs

The Dryden Ensemble performs the Suite from the opera "Armide" (ahr-MEED) by Jean-Baptiste Lully (zhah(n)-bahp-teest loo-LEE) from a concert they gave a couple of weeks ago at the Unitarian Church of Princeton in New Jersey. (John Baker Recordings)

Dance Brazil, Edna Boies Hopkins Exhibit, Steven Dietz Interview, The View from Mount Joy, Petrified Bile


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Question: Campaign Finance Reform

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NPR's David Welna reports that supporters of campaign finance reform in the House are declaring victory today. Republican House leaders have refused to allow consideration of the Shays-Meehan bill, which limits the amount of "soft-money" in political campaigns. So the bill's supporters have had to go the petition route to bring the bill to the floor. Today the 218th signature -- constituting a majority of House members -- made it to the discharge petition. But opponents still have delaying tactics at their disposal.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Examples:

Given ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details!', "Greenland's Ice Melting More Slowly Than Expected"] it matches with ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'A new study has some reassuring news about how fast Greenland\'s glaciers are melting away. Greenland\'s glaciers hold enough water to raise sea level by 20 feet, and they are melting as the planet warms, so there\'s a lot at stake. A few years ago, the Jakobshavn glacier in Greenland really caught people\'s attention. In short order, this slow-moving stream of ice suddenly doubled its speed. It started dumping a whole lot more ice into the Atlantic. Other glaciers also sped up. "Some people feared if they could double their speed over two or three years, they could keep doubling and doubling and doubling and reach very fast speeds," says Ian Joughin of the University of Washington\'s Polar Ice Center. If the world\'s big glaciers were on their way to a 10-fold speedup, that could lead to a staggering 6 feet of sea level rise by the end of this century. So Joughin and colleagues have been trying to see if that acceleration is under way. They pored over radar images of 200 Greenland glaciers gathered over the past decade. Graduate student Twila Moon says some of Greenland\'s glaciers picked up the pace and started surging forward more than 5 miles in a year. "It turns out that glacial pace isn\'t very slow," she says. It also turns out that glacial pace isn\'t consistent. The glaciers like Jakobshavn that started surging haven\'t kept on picking up speed. In fact, some have slowed down. And glacier speeds vary dramatically. Picture streams of ice that start out as one giant river and then split into two on their way toward the ocean. "We saw cases where one of those might be consistently speeding up, while the one right next to it might speed up one year, slow down the next, speed up again," Moon says. When they added up what all those glaciers were doing during the past decade, they saw a 30 percent increase in speed overall. "We\'re still seeing velocities increase so we can expect to see continued sea level rise from the Greenland ice sheet," she says. But their report in Science magazine says they aren\'t seeing the runaway meltdown of Greenland that some had feared. That makes sense to Joughin, given the lay of the land. "All of the ice flows towards the coast and squeezes through these narrow outlet glaciers, much like toothpaste squeezing out the nozzle of a toothpaste tube," he explains. That imposes a natural limit on how much ice can flow off the bedrock. But those bottlenecks don\'t exist in Antarctica, where other glaciers are also surging toward the sea. So that\'s still an important wildcard. But given what\'s happening in Greenland, the worst-case scenario, for 6 feet of sea level rise this century, is looking very unlikely to Joughin. "My guess, and it is a guess, is probably a meter or less — 3 feet or less." He isn\'t breathing a sigh of relief, though. Three feet of sea level rise would still threaten millions of people around the world who live near sea level. And Josh Willis, who studies sea level from NASA\'s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., says oceans won\'t magically stop rising at the end of the century under any scenario, "so we\'re going to see a lot more sea level rise. The question is: How fast is it going to come, and are we going to be able to adapt in time?" But it\'s hard to plan if you don\'t know whether sea level will rise 1 foot in this century — which is the low-end estimate — or 6 feet. "The difference between 1 foot and 6 feet is really enormous in terms of cost and adaptation and mitigation measures," Willis says. Narrowing that uncertainty requires gathering more observations from satellites. But that\'s a problem: Those eyes in the sky are going blind. The National Research Council notes with alarm that Earth-observing satellites are wearing out much faster than they\'re being replaced. With budget troubles, the U.S. could lose most of its Earth-observing capacity in just eight years. ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I\'m Robert Siegel. AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:  And I\'m Audie Cornish. Greenland\'s glaciers hold enough water to raise sea level by 20 feet and, as the planet warms, they are melting. But it\'s been hard to figure out just how fast they\'re melting and how quickly sea level will rise. Well, a team of researchers has been trying to do just that and, as NPR\'s Richard Harris reports, they\'ve released a study that offers some reassuring news. RICHARD HARRIS, BYLINE: A few years ago, the Jakobshavn glacier in Greenland really caught people\'s attention. In short order, this slow moving stream of ice suddenly doubled its speed. It starting dumping a whole lot more ice into the Atlantic. Other glaciers also sped up. For a glacier scientist like Ian Joughin at the University of Washington, the question was whether this was start of a rapid meltdown of Greenland glaciers. IAN JOUGHIN: Some people fear that, if they could double their speed over two or three years, they could keep doubling and doubling and doubling and reach very fast speeds. HAR'] but not with ['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', "Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)"]

Question: Post Afghan Mission, How Many U.S. Troops Stay There?

President Obama and Defense Secretary Leon Panetta both talked this week about bringing the Afghan War to a close. But the U.S. will maintain at least several thousand troops in the country once combat comes to an end at the end of 2014. The U.S. will spend billions of dollars financing the Afghan security forces.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Search For 10 Missing Launched Off Singapore After U.S. Destroyer, Tanker Collide. -- Driver Plows Into Bus Shelters In Southern France, Killing 1  Person. -- Confederate Statues Are Coming Down At The University Of Texas. And here are more early headlines: Trump To Discuss U.S. Military Plan For Afghanistan Tonight. (AP) Barcelona Attack Death Toll Increased To 15 People. (NBC) Diplomatic Rift Stalls Qatari Pilgrims' Hajj To Saudi Arabia. (Reuters) U.S., South Korea Begin Annual Military Exercises. (New York Times) Sierra Leone Landslide Death Toll Nears 500 People. (AP) 5 U.S. Troops Remain Missing Off Hawaii. (Honolulu Star-Advertiser) Kenneth Becomes Major Hurricane In Pacific, No Land Threat Seen. (NHC) British Big Ben's Bongs Are Stilled For Repairs. (Telegraph)


Question: Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth

Question: Nobel Peace Prize Winner Wangari Matthai

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A discussion with Nobel Peace Prize-winning biologist Wangari Matthai. (pre-recorded)

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Stories: 1) Veteran Peacemakers O'Malley, Maharaj on Iraq 2) Nuala O'Faolain, Journalist and Author, Dead at 68


Question: Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth

Question: Who's Carl This Time?

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Examples:
Provided: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR.', "We're watching the Health Care Summit on CNN, and this commercial came on. Ian says this is the worst commercial ever. I say it's the most wonderful. We both agree it's timely."]" Match: "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'And Now, A Word From Their Sponsor...']"

What looks like the president's poll numbers? A man who's offended by religious ridicule, at least when it's his religion; The man who decided his life was tick, tick, tick, ticking away.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


Question: represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr

Question: What Do We Know So Far About President Trump's Tax Returns?

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The fight over President Trump’s tax returns continues to escalate. On Monday, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said in a letter he would not release Trump’s tax returns to Congress despite requests from House Democrats. Here & Now‘s Robin Young speaks with David Cay Johnston (@DavidCayJ), founder and editor of the nonprofit news service DCReport.org, who’s reported on Trump’s business dealings and finances for three decades. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


Question: Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details

Question: Washington Capitals Make It To Stanley Cup Final For First Time In 20 Years

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NPR's Mary Louise Kelly talks with radio play-by-play announcer John Walton as the Washington Capitals prepare for the start of the Stanley Cup.

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For example, '['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Iran's president said Thursday the country had produced its first batch of highly enriched uranium. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's claim came on the same day police cracked down on protests by anti-government groups, and on the anniversary of the founding of Iran's Islamic republic."]' should be close to '['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details.', "Iran Protests On Republic's Anniversary"]'

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Reports: Police Pursued Manslaughter Charge In Trayvon Martin's Death. -- Gingrich Slashes Staff, Pins Hopes On GOP Delegates Turning To Him. -- JetBlue Freak Out: Passenger Had To Put Panicked Pilot 'In A Choke Hold'. -- It's Day 3 For Health Care Cases At The Supreme Court. -- Tibetan Exile Dies From Burns Suffered In Self-Immolation. Other stories making news: -- "Magic Johnson-led Group Is Picked As Dodgers' Next Owner." (Los Angeles Times) -- Colorado Wildfires "Claim Elderly Couple, Torch 4,500 Acres." (The Denver Post) -- "Mega Millions Rockets To Record $476 Million." (Philadelphia Inquirer) -- "Durable Goods Orders Rebound In January." (The Associated Press) -- Women's Final Four In Basketball Are All No. 1 Seeds. (The Associated Press)


Question: Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details!

Question: The Double Space Is My Exclamation Point

I'm a former musician -- and I was, as I'm sure everyone will be shocked to find, a rather physical player.  One teacher I was very fond of, Roman Totenberg (that's right, proud papa of our legal affairs correspondent), used to put his hand on my head to stop me from moving around.  I am, in fact, a bit of a jerky, jumpy, emotive person anyway, and that same jerk and jump applies to everything I do, including writing.  On a computer. And how does one emote while writing?  Well, I chat to myself (sorry, colleagues!), and then, there is that incredibly satisfying little moment -- the DOUBLE SPACE.  You know, that one after the period that I was taught to do since the days of Apple II E!?  The one I'm using right now even though it is no longer NPR policy? THAT ONE.  It is so satisfying!  A little "bang bang!" at the end of every sentence.  An awesome bit of punctuation, when you can't use an exclamation point.  Thump thump!  I just did it again! Forgive me, I had no idea it was wrong.  But Slate's Farhad Manjoo, in a screed against all I love, has shown me the error of my space bar thumping ways.  Every modern typographer agrees on the one-space rule. It's one of the canonical rules of the profession, in the same way that waiters know that the salad fork goes to the left of the dinner fork and fashion designers know to put men's shirt buttons on the right and women's on the left. Every major style guide—including the Modern Language Association Style Manual and the Chicago Manual of Style—prescribes a single space after a period. (The Publications Manual of the American Psychological Association, used widely in the social sciences, allows for two spaces in draft manuscripts but recommends one space in published work.) Most ordinary people would know the one-space rule, too, if it weren't for a quirk of history. In the middle of the last century, a now-outmoded technology—the manual typewriter—invaded the American workplace. To accommodate that machine's shortcomings, everyone began to type wrong. And even though we no longer use typewriters, we all still type like we do.  This shocked me.  I do not know if can possibly change at my advanced typing age, but what really makes me sad is the loss of that delightful noise at the end of each sentence.  I will try, readers, I will -- and barring failure, you are reading my last post with double spaces.  Bang BANG!

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Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Remodeling The House; A Story That Fell From The Sky; and A Pint-Sized Literary Giant Emerges.


Question: represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr

Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

From one of Ted's recommended recordings, Bernard Haitink conducts the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam in the Strauss tone poem "Don Juan." (Philips 442 281-2)

Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.

2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


Question: Honduran Mom Reunites With Her 5-Year-Old After Migrant Caravan Crackdown In Mexico

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When hundreds of migrants from Central America waded across a river from Guatemala into Mexico on Monday, chaos broke out. And for Saury Vallecilla Ortega, a single mother of four, a nightmare ensued. For more than a day, she was separated from her 5-year-old daughter, Andrea, and feared for the worst. Vallecilla and her children, ages 5 to 16, fled Honduras with hopes shared by many Central Americans. "I just want an opportunity for my children," she said. "I want them to have an education, a home, and I want to make money so they never go hungry — things we need badly in Honduras." Finances and education were not the only reasons for leaving. Vallecilla also worries for the family's safety in Honduras, which is grappling with one of the world's highest rates of violent crime. "I worked in a factory, and on days we got paid, guys would often follow me home and rob me. I'd get home scared and with no way to feed my kids," she said. "We mothers go out to work and don't know if we'll make it back home to our children." A scramble across the river Fleeing north seemed to be their only option. A week ago, Vallecilla and her children joined up with thousands of other migrants in a loosely organized caravan and made their way — on foot and hitching rides on the highway — through Guatemala. On Monday morning, the caravan approached the Guatemalan side of a bridge at the Suchiate River, which runs along the Mexican border. They read aloud a letter asking the Mexican government to let them continue their journey to the U.S. Mexican migration officials said they couldn't pass and should hand themselves over to process immigration or asylum claims to be in Mexico. But more than 1,000 migrants from the caravan who had handed themselves in days before would likely be deported, Mexico's National Migration Institute said. Rather than cross the bridge, Vallecilla, her children and hundreds more migrants lwalked down to the Suchiate and waded across the river, which was running low. On the Mexican side, hundreds of National Guard troops in riot gear were waiting. The scattered migrants tried to run around them, but the troops chased them down. Using tear gas and riot shields, the troops pushed the migrants back toward the river. Migrants threw rocks and sticks. Troops threw rocks back. Parents shielded their children and ran. Amid the chaos, Vallecilla and her children managed to get around the National Guard. Along with almost 100 other migrants, they started walking north on a small highway. "It was so hot and I was sick from the heat, so a man [another migrant] offered to carry my daughter" — 5-year-old Andrea, she said. It was a relief for Vallecilla. They walked north, almost 4 miles, she estimates. "And then I turned around and there were all these police coming at us," she said. Mexican federal police, the army and migration agents chased them down. The panicked migrants scattered. "The guy [with my daughter] ran and I ran after him," she said. "But then I looked and [Mexican migration] agents had grabbed my other three children. I was yelling at the guy [with Andrea] to stop." A hand grabbed Vallecilla's arm — it was another migration agent. "I screamed, 'Please, let me go, that's my daughter there,' " she said. "She was just right there, still close to me. But he wouldn't let me go." The man carrying Andrea was among the many migrants who disappeared into the forest. Vallecilla believes the man ran out of fear of being detained, not in an attempt to take her daughter. Dozens of detained migrants were loaded onto buses to a detention center. Vallecilla was the last taken away. "Please, please help me find my baby," she sobbed. Migration agents pulled the inconsolable mother into a van, taking her and three of her children to the local prosecutor's office. On Tuesday morning, Vallecilla sent NPR voice messages. "I just need someone to help me find my baby. [The authorities] are not helping me," she said. "I don't want my daughter to be just another statistic of disappeared children. ... I feel like I'm going to die." Late Tuesday, Vallecila contacted NPR to say she had been reunited with Andrea, who was unharmed. Tougher stance This week's caravan was one of the latest to try to pass through Mexico to the U.S. in recent years. They have drawn wide attention, prompting the Trump administration to seek stricter U.S. asylum rules and to pressure Mexico and its neighbors to toughen up their own immigration enforcement. In June 2019, Trump threatened to impose punishing tariffs on Mexico if it didn't do more to stop migrants. The following month, Mexico detained the highest number of migrants it had in more than a decade. Mexico detained 151,547 Central American migrants from January to November 2019, according to the latest data available from the Mexican government, compared with 131,445 in all of 2018. The Mexican government appeared to work harder this time to stop the caravan. In 2018, although Mexican authorities di

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Germany, France Announce Plans To Welcome Thousands Of Migrants. -- Jailed Kentucky County Clerk Appeals Contempt Ruling. And here are more early headlines: North, South Korea Hold Talks On Possible Family Reunions. (VOA) Runoff Expected In Guatemalan Presidential Election, Comedian Leads In Votes. (Wall Street Journal) Palestinian Mother Dies From Arson Attack That Killed Husband, Child. (CNN) Cucumbers Recalled After Dozens Fall Ill In 27 States With Salmonella. (UPI) Indianapolis Zoo Cheetah Briefly Escapes Its Exhibit. (IndyStar)


Question: Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR

Question: What We Know About The 13 U.S. Service Members Killed In The Kabul Attack

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The U.S. Department of Defense on Saturday released the names of the 13 service members killed in Thursday's attack at the airport in Kabul. The attack marked one of the deadliest days for American forces in the past decade of the 20-year war in Afghanistan — and took place just days ahead of the U.S.'s planned full withdrawal from the country that was overtaken on Aug. 15 by the Taliban. In a statement issued on Saturday, President Biden called the Americans who lost their lives in the bombing "heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice in service of our highest American ideals and while saving the lives of others." "Their bravery and selflessness has enabled more than 117,000 people at risk to reach safety thus far," Biden said. "May God protect our troops and all those standing watch in these dangerous days." Shortly after a Saturday briefing at the Pentagon, Department of Defense officials said 11 Marines, one Army soldier and one member of the Navy were identified as those killed in the attack.  Here's what NPR has learned so far about those killed, as reported by our staff, as well as other media outlets. Marine Corps Lance Cpl. David L. Espinoza, 20, of Rio Bravo, Texas  Elizabeth Holguin told local TV station KGNS that she is trying to is trying to make sense of the death of her son, Lance Cpl. David Espinoza. According to KGNS, Holguin received a phone call at 2:30 a.m. from the military to inform her that Espinoza had been killed in the explosion at the Kabul airport.  "He was a great kid. We never had trouble with him — nothing," she said of her son. "He never got in trouble. He was a great guy, a great guy, very proud of him." Espinoza's stepfather, Victor Manuel Dominguez, became a part of his life at age three, but Dominquez saw him as his own. "He was never my stepson and I was never his stepfather," he said. Texas Rep. Henry Cuellar released a statement on Facebook saying that Espinoza is a hero and that his heart goes out to Espinoza's family during this difficult time. "David Espinoza, a Laredo native Marine killed in Afghanistan, embodied the values of America: grit, dedication, service, and valor," Cuellar wrote. "When he joined the military after high school, he did so with the intention of protecting our nation and demonstrating his selfless acts of service. I mourn him and all the fallen heroes in Afghanistan." Marine Corps Sgt. Nicole L. Gee, 23, of Sacramento, Calif.  Just days before her death, Sgt. Nicole Gee posted a photo on Instagram of herself in uniform while holding a baby in Afghanistan with the caption, "I love my job." Another of Gee's photos — posted more recently — shows her posing near a cargo plane as a line of people wait to board from the back. The photo is captioned: "Escorting evacuees onto the bird." Marine Corps Staff Sgt. Darin T. Hoover, 31, of Salt Lake City  Utah Gov. Spencer Cox released a statement Friday offering condolences to Hoover's family, and saying he was "devastated" by the Marine's death. Cox noted that Hoover died while helping to evacuate U.S. citizens and Afghans seeking asylum. "Staff Sgt. Hoover served valiantly as a Marine and died serving his fellow countrymen as well as America's allies in Afghanistan," Cox said. "We honor his tremendous bravery and commitment to his country, even as we condemn the senseless violence that resulted in his death." Cox ordered to lower flags on state and public grounds until sunset on Monday. The Deseret News reported that tributes to Hoover poured onto his Facebook page, including one from Hoover's father, who is also also named Darin. "Soooooo glad I got to see him before he left. I love you son!!! You're my hero!!" the elder Hoover wrote. "Please check in on us once in a while. I'll try to make you proud!!" Army Staff Sgt. Ryan C. Knauss, 23, of Corryton, Tenn.  Marine Corps Cpl. Hunter Lopez, 22, of Indio, Calif.  Lopez is the son of two Riverside County Sheriff's Department officers, Captain Herman Lopez and Deputy Alicia Lopez. The department announced Lopez's death on Friday. Sheriff Chad Bianco said on Facebook that Lopez planned on following in his parents' footsteps and joining the department as a deputy when he got home from his deployment. "Hunter, thank you for your service to our community and our country. My thoughts and prayers are with your family," Bianco said. Before joining the Marines, Lopez participated in the department's career-oriented Explorer program from 2014 to 2017, while he was in high school, according to the sheriff's office. Marine Corps Lance Cpl. Rylee J. McCollum, 20, of Jackson, Wyo.  Wyoming Gov. Mark Gordon tweeted on Friday, thanking McCollum for his service and sending condolences to his family. "I'm devastated to learn Wyoming lost one of our own in yesterday's terrorist attack in Kabul," Gordon said. "Our thoughts and prayers are with the family and friends of Rylee McCollum of Bondurant. Jennie and I, along with all of Wyoming and the entire country thank Rylee for hi

Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: As Fighting Rages In Damascus, Survival Of Assad's Regime Is In Doubt. Video May Show Suicide Bomber Who Attacked Bus In Bulgaria. Former Egyptian Vice President And Intelligence Chief Omar Suleiman Dies In U.S. (Reuters) Ramadan Starts At Sundown, Muslims Begin Their Holiest Month Of The Year. (BeliefNet) Widening U.S. Drought Means Some Higher Food Prices. (USA Today) Zimmerman Sorry For Trayvon Martin's Death, Terms It 'God's Plan'. (Miami Herald) New Inquiry Into Plane Crash That Killed UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold In 1961. (Guardian) Russian Muslim Leader Shot And Killed, Had Criticized Islamist Violence. (BBC) 3 European Hostages Freed In Mali After 10 Months, Fly To Burkina Faso. (AP) Television's 64th Emmy Award Nominations Out Today. (Los Angeles Times)