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Question: Art Spiegelman Defends 'New Yorker' Obama Cover

Renowned graphic artist Art Spiegelman knows a thing or two about controversial New Yorker covers.  His 1993 cover called, "The Kiss," showed a Hassidic Jewish man and a black woman kissing. It came after tensions between the two groups spurred intense riots in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn.  Speaking with Farai Chideya, Spiegelman defended the latest controversial New Yorker cover, which the magazine says satirizes misconceptions about Barack and Michelle Obama.  "It seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image," Spiegelman said. "I think, as a result, it's a fairly brave thing to do." FARAI CHIDEYA, host:  This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. Call it an offensive ploy to sell magazines or an artistic political statement. Either way, an illustration on the cover of this week's issue of the New Yorker has plenty of people on fire. It shows Barack Obama dressed in a traditional form of Muslim garb, giving dap to Michelle Obama. She's sporting an afro, combat boots, and a machine gun. And that's just for starters. The artists responsible for the cover, Barry Blitt, said he wanted to satirize much of the misinformation about Barack Obama. But both Obama and rival John McCain said they found it offensive.  We turned to a man who's both done covers for the New Yorker and sometimes has disagreed with the magazine's editorial judgment. We're talking about Art Spiegelman. In 1993, he did a New Yorker cover called "Kiss," that showed a Hassidic Jewish man and a black woman kissing. This came after tensions between the groups in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn spurred intense riots. It got plenty of New Yorkers angry, including some Hassidic Jews, for whom kissing a person who is not of their faith and to whom they are not married is against their beliefs. I started out by asking Art why he did such a controversial cover at such a tense time.   Mr. ART SPIEGELMAN (Graphic Artist): Well, let's see. Back then, the wounds of that particular set of race riots were very raw still. And I felt as I was just entering into the New Yorker with a mandate to see how my underground comic sensibility and the New Yorker's rarified sensibility might meet. I offered this up as a Valentine's Day cover because there's this thing called irony, you know. If you show people who are murdering each other kissing, it makes one think about why they might have been killing each other. It opens subjects up to discussion that otherwise were just taken as givens. And I think this cover managed to unite that community in a way nothing else had. They both hated me for it.   (Soundbite of laughter)  CHIDEYA: So - well, let's apply some of the questions we were just talking about to the New Yorker's Obama cover. Again, it shows the senator in Muslim garb, a picture of Osama bin Laden on the wall, and Michelle Obama sporting a gun and ammunition, among other things. Do you think - there has been just so much...     Mr. SPIEGELMAN: I'll say.   CHIDEYA: Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?   Mr. SPIEGELMAN: Of propriety? Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.   I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker! They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.   CHIDEYA: But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know.    Mr. SPIEGELMAN: Well, the people who are that incapable are actually, I think, much fewer than the liberal pundits on the blogs seem to believe. I don't think that anybody who's capable of looking at that image and going, yeah, the guy's a monster from outer space, will be dissuaded from that position by pictures of a glowing halo behind Obama. Because the only way this thing gets out is if everybody discusses, with whatever outrage is necessary, what that image conjures up that's on the cover of the New Yorker. It's worth being outraged about. It's just not appropriate to think that the New Yorker somehow is fomenting that image.   The image is there. So it has to happen. Is - thi

Stories: 1) Shepard Fairey: Inspiration Or Infringement? 2) Mannie Garcia: The Photo That Sparked 'Hope' 3) Law Professor Weighs In On 'Hope' Squabble


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Question: Rally Demands Attention for Sudan's Darfur Region

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Thousands gather Sunday on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., demanding an end to genocide in Sudan's Darfur region.  Celebrities, politicians, religious leaders and demonstrators urge President Bush to use his office to strengthen the multinational force protecting Darfur civilians. Meanwhile, peace talks to end the conflict in Sudan's Darfur region broke down.  The African Union had set Sunday night as a deadline for a peace accord.  The Sudanese government said it would sign a tentative agreement, but rebels rejected the draft accord. DEBBIE ELLIOTT, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Debbie Elliott. Peace talks to end the conflict in Sudan's Darfur region broke down today. The African Union had set tonight as a deadline for a peace accord. The Sudanese government said it would sign a tentative agreement, but rebels rejected the deal. Here in Washington, thousands of demonstrators packed the National Mall to demand that the Bush Administration and the international community take action to stop what they call genocide in Darfur. NPR's Allison Keyes reports.  Unidentified Man: Not on our watch!  Crowd: Not on our watch!  ALLISON KEYES reporting:  People were packed so tightly it was difficult to move through the crowd. Protestors held signs aloft reading: Not on our watch, and, Help those who cannot help themselves. Author and Holocaust survivor, Elie Wiesel, explained to the crowd why the plight of the African villagers has resonated so deeply with his community.  Mr. ELIE WIESEL (Author, Holocaust Survivor): When we needed people to come to help us, nobody came. Therefore, we are here.  KEYES: Agnes Osuwaha(ph) is from Sudan. She raced through the crowd chanting with a group of her countrymen. She says the African Union troops on the ground now need help, be it from America or the United Nations.  Ms. AGNES OSUWAHA (Sudanese Native): We want them to send United Nations troop, and if they can't do that, I hope the U.S. will do it.  KEYES: Students have been at the forefront of the movement to help Sudan. Daniel Millenson is head of the Darfur Task Force and a freshman at Brandeis University. His group has been working to get schools and cities to divest assets in companies doing business with Sudan.  Mr. DANIEL MILLENSON (Darfur Task Force, Brandeis University): I think divestment itself is, people really respond to it, because it enables them to take very concrete action and stopping the financing of this war.  KEYES: Fighting broke out in Western Sudan in 2003 when mostly black African rebels took up arms against the Arab-dominated government, which they said discriminated against them. Government backed Arab militias, known as Janjaweed, responded with a deadly campaign of rape, arson and murder. Estimates of the death toll range from 100,000 to 400,000. Many are also at risk of starvation. The United Nations World Food Program announced on Friday that it is cutting food rations in half in Darfur and Eastern Sudan due to a lack of funds.   But the question is, what exactly can be done to help? Salih Osman is a Darfurian human rights lawyer. Osman says people in his homeland want justice, though they are grateful that the U.S. has recognized their plight as genocide.  Mr. SALIH OSMAN (Darfurian Human Rights Lawyer): The U.S. government should implement at least the security consulate solutions that are related to the situation of Darfur. Like disarming the Janjaweed.  KEYES: President Bush met with Darfur advocates at the White House on Friday and offered support to the rallies planned this weekend.  President GEORGE W. BUSH: I believe it's important for the United States to be involved and the best way to be involved with the AU troops is though NATO.  KEYES: NATO ministers said last week the alliance is ready to increase insistence, but its preference would only be in support of African or United Nations efforts. The Sudanese government says it doesn't want U.N. troops in the country. Yassir ab de Salaam(ph), the temporary Charge d'Affaires in the Sudan mission to the U.N., says seeking more troops in Darfur and holding rallies criticizing his government sends the wrong message.  Mr. YASSIR AB DE SALAAM (Charge d'Affaires, Sudanese Mission, U.N.): So one tends to believe that the Americans are not interested in peace in Sudan and they wanted to extend the conflict.  KEYES: Sudan expert Gail Smith says history shows that it would be dangerous to leave Sudan's government to it's own devices. She also agrees with critics, including many in the African-American community, who believe the situation in Sudan would have been a higher priority if it weren't an African country.  Ms. GAIL SMITH (Sudan Expert): Where we still have further to go is recognizing and acting upon the fact that there is a moral imperative. Whether it be in Africa, in Asia, in Latin America or in Europe. If an entire people are being wiped out, the entire world has responsibility to act.  KEYES: The critical

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Stories: 1) Human Trafficking Revealed In 'The Snakehead' 2) Journalist Reports On The Situation In Afghanistan


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Question: Energy Prices Create Strange Bedfellows in Car Business

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High energy prices have forced unlikely partnerships in the auto industry. Carmakers and environmentalists suddenly find themselves on the same side of the fuel-efficiency debate. Ashok Gupta, director of the Natural Resources Defense Council's Air and Energy Program, and Ford Motor Co.'s Neil Golightly discuss the turn of events with Steve Inskeep.

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Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: Young Canadian Pianist Angela

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Young Canadian pianist Angela Cheng performs the Sonata No. 9 in D by Mozart in concert last fall at Arizona State University in Tempe, AZ. (KBAQ)

Ableism On Campus By: Meghan Crowley, Alessandra Tucker, Tristin Roholt, Carly Murbach & Emily Robinett, Tulane University Being A College Student During A Pandemic By: Sophie Laclef, Dickinson College Crop Tops and Catcalls  By: Kendall Grace Harrison, Linfield University The Griot Podcast: Sylvia By: Olivia Jobe, Goucher College Hawaiian Pidgin By: Jacob "Coby" Aloi, Hamline University History of Famous Phrases By: Gavin Berger, Leah Ettinger, and Chris Ashe, Ithaca College International Crises Need More Bra Support Than Women By: Sonia M. Hernandez, Wellesley College Marriage And Quarantine By: Bernadette Fox, Metropolitan State University The Memphis Country Blues Festival By: Emma Jane Hopper, Elijah Matlock, Cam Napier, Betsy John & Shaliz Barzani, Rhodes College Mothers Of Green Gables By: Tricia De Souza, Williams College Recycling and the Danger of Altruism By: Asher Eller Wertheimer, Olivet College SeroTunein: Having Skin in the Game  By: Kurien Thomas, University of Virginia The Social Media Hermit: Puerto Rico By: Keith Anstead, Community College of Baltimore County Three Generations of Dating By: Liv Glassman, Northwestern University Within The Walls By: Nathaly Sanchez & Hortencia Diaz, Linfield University


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Question: 'We Set The Dark On Fire' Burns Bright

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Tehlor Kay Mejia's debut novel We Set the Dark on Fire aims to burn it all down. Daniela is graduating at the top of her class at the Medio School for Girls, an elite institution that trains girls to be wives. Divided into two groups — Primeras and Segundas, Dani and her classmates know that they will be offered in pairs to the rich young men whose families can afford to pay their dowries. Primeras like Dani are preparing to be skilled life-partners and social managers, while Segundas, like her nemesis Carmen, are destined to be objects of beauty and desire and bear children. When Dani is chosen as Primera for the son of Medio's chief military strategist — who is rumored to be next in line for the presidency — she is fulfilling the destiny that she and her family have sacrificed so much to obtain. But instead of being elated, Dani is filled with dread. Two days before graduation, her deepest secret almost comes out: She was born on the wrong side of the wall that protects Medio from society's poor and disenfranchised, and was smuggled across illegally as a child. A resistance group saves her from discovery, but in exchange, they want her to spy on her new husband. Torn between her desire to secure a comfortable future for her family and her burgeoning sense that spying for the resistance might be the right thing to do, Dani struggles to adapt to her new life. Making things even more complicated is the fact that Carmen, who spent years bullying her, is chosen as her Segunda. But as they spend more time together, their hatred turns to friendship, then blossoms into something deeper. No sooner has Dani chosen a side than she finds herself with another dilemma. What is she willing to sacrifice to protect a forbidden love that she never expected to have? We Set the Dark on Fire is a book so timely it hurts. A girl smuggled across an unjust wall, forced to hide behind forged papers and live in fear for her family's safety is a painfully resonant image to anyone who watches the news. Mejia manages to walk a very tight line in evoking some of the injustices that are currently happening in America without being heavy-handed. The world she has created is its own place — it is not some dystopic near-future. But at the same time, it gives America's current "build a wall" rhetoric a very deliberate smackdown. This is made all the more poignant by the fact that though this does not seem to be our world, Mejia has created a decidedly Latin American setting. People usually evoke the South American masters of magical realism when discussing new books trying for that genre, and We Set the Dark on Fire is not magical realism. But the setting reminds me a little of the work of Isabel Allende all the same, especially The House of the Spirits, which deals with post-colonial political upheaval in Chile. Another book that inevitably that comes to mind - they're actually calling it out it in the marketing materials - is The Handmaid's Tale. While the comparison is fair, We Set the Dark on Fire is definitely written for young adults in a way that The Handmaid's Tale is not, resulting in a book that feels less cynical. There's something very powerful about centering Dani and Carmen's queer, Latina love story and making it defiantly sensual and romantic in the midst of all of this world's sexism and prejudice. This isn't a story about a woman having her privilege stripped away until she understands subjugation and finds her defiance. It's about a girl who knows she has privilege because she spent her childhood without it, and who knows exactly what fighting will cost her. She must decide what to do with the power she has worked for. This talk of resistance and privilege might make it seem like We Set the Dark on Fire is a grim, politics-driven screed, but that could not be further from the truth. It's a gripping book, easy to race through despite the difficult and timely issues at its core. I felt lifted up by the joy of Dani and Carmen discovering each other and their own capacity for happiness — a lesson we would do well to carry in our hearts through the hard work that lies ahead in our own world. While there are some slight debut novel imperfections in the flow of the plot and climactic build, We Set the Dark on Fire burns bright, and I hope it will light the way for a new generation of rebels and lovers. Caitlyn Paxson is a writer and performer. She is a regular reviewer for NPR Books and Quill & Quire.

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Stories: 1) 'One Party Country' Dissects Why Republicans Win 2) New Biography Burns With Dickinson's White Heat'


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Question: Business Groups Say Visa Delays Hurt U.S. Economy

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Increased security checks added since the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks create a dramatic backlog in processing visas required for travel to the United States. Business and tourism leaders say the measures are partly responsible for a 20-percent drop in tourism, and that the decrease is costing the American economy thousands of jobs and millions of dollars. NPR's Jennifer Ludden reports.


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Question: Filmically Perfect: "DOUBLE INDEMNITY" (1944)

Phyllis (Stanwyck): There's a speed limit in this state, Mr. Neff. 45 miles an hour.  Walter (MacMurray): How fast was I going, officer?  Phyllis: I'd say around 90.  Walter: Suppose you get down off your motorcycle and give me a ticket.

Film critic DAVID THOMSON and filmmaker and director JAMES TOBACK. They interview each other for a revival of round table discussion at "Spoken Word at the Algonquin" in New York city's famous Algonquin Hotel, and discuss the state of moviemaking and movie criticism today. THOMSON's latest book is "Beneath Mulholland: Thoughts on Hollywood and its Ghosts" (Knopf). TOBACK directed the movies "Fingers," "Exposed," and "The Pick up Artist." (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:


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Question: The Political Fuss Over Federal Courts

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When we think about presidential judicial appointments, it might seem like all the space is taken up by nine seats — the ones on the Supreme Court. But there are hundreds of other powerful vacancies that exist around the country in federal courts. Appeals courts hear, and make decisions on, an estimated 60,000 cases a year. The Supreme Court hears only 80. And their political importance can’t be overstated. As Charlie Savage writes in The New York Times, “Exit polls showed that court-focused voters helped deliver the president’s narrow victory.” President Trump’s legacy will include having more than 40 of his nominations to federal circuit and appeals courts confirmed and many conservatives say it’s his most significant achievement to date. We’ll unpack what federal circuit and appeals courts do, what it could mean if more of the nation’s courts lean conservative, the reputations of particular courts around the country, and how the judiciary is a big motivating factor for voters. GUESTS Leah Litman, Assistant Professor at the University of California Irvine School of Law; Blogger at takecareblog.com. @LeahLitman Former Judge Michael McConnell, Former circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, 2002-2009; A chaired professor at Stanford Law School; and Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution. Charlie Savage, Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington correspondent for The New York Times and author of the books “Power Wars: Inside Obama’s Post-9/11 Presidency” and “Takeover: The Return of the Imperial Presidency.” @charlie_savage For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2.


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Question: Excerpt: 'God's Problem'

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Suffering and a Crisis of Faith If there is an all-powerful and loving God in this world, why is there so much excruciating pain and unspeakable suffering? The problem of suffering has haunted me for a very long time. It was what made me begin to think about religion when I was young, and it was what led me to question my faith when I was older. Ultimately, it was the reason I lost my faith. This book tries to explore some aspects of the problem, especially as they are reflected in the Bible, whose authors too grappled with the pain and misery in the world. To explain why the problem matters so much to me, I need to give a bit of personal background. For most of my life I was a devout and committed Christian. I was baptized in a Congregational church and reared as an Episcopalian, becoming an altar boy when I was twelve and continuing all the way through high school. Early in my high school days I started attending a Youth for Christ club and had a "born-again" experience—which, looking back, seems a bit strange: I had been involved in church, believing in Christ, praying to God, confessing my sins, and so on for years. What exactly did I need to convert from? I think I was converting from hell—I didn't want to experience eternal torment with the poor souls who had not been "saved"; I much preferred the option of heaven. In any event, when I became born again it was like ratcheting my religion up a notch. I became very serious about my faith and chose to go off to a fundamentalist Bible college—Moody Bible Institute in Chicago—where I began training for ministry. I worked hard at learning the Bible—some of it by heart. I could quote entire books of the New Testament, verse by verse, from memory. When I graduated from Moody with a diploma in Bible and Theology (at the time Moody did not offer a B.A. degree), I went off to finish my college work at Wheaton, an evangelical Christian college in Illinois (also Billy Graham's alma mater). There I learned Greek so that I could read the New Testament in its original language. From there I decided that I wanted to commit my life to studying the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament, and chose to go to Princeton Theological Seminary, a Presbyterian school whose brilliant faculty included Bruce Metzger, the greatest textual scholar in the country. At Princeton I did both a master of divinity degree—training to be a minister—and, eventually, a Ph.D. in New Testament studies. I'm giving this brief synopsis to show that I had solid Christian credentials and knew about the Christian faith from the inside out—in the years before I lost my faith. During my time in college and seminary I was actively involved in a number of churches. At home, in Kansas, I had left the Episcopal church because, strange as this might sound, I didn't think it was serious enough about religion (I was pretty hard-core in my evangelical phase); instead I went a couple of times a week to a Plymouth Brethren Bible Chapel (among those who really believed!). When I was away from home, living in Chicago, I served as the youth pastor of an Evangelical Covenant church. During my seminary years in New Jersey I attended a conservative Presbyterian church and then an American Baptist church. When I graduated from seminary I was asked to fill the pulpit in the Baptist church while they looked for a full-time minister. And so for a year I was pastor of the Princeton Baptist Church, preaching every Sunday morning, holding prayer groups and Bible studies, visiting the sick in the hospital, and performing the regular pastoral duties for the community. But then, for a variety of reasons that I'll mention in a moment, I started to lose my faith. I now have lost it altogether. I no longer go to church, no longer believe, no longer consider myself a Christian. The subject of this book is the reason why. In an earlier book, Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why, I have indicated that my strong commitment to the Bible began to wane the more I studied it. I began to realize that rather than being an inerrant revelation from God, inspired in its very words (the view I had at Moody Bible Institute), the Bible was a very human book with all the marks of having come from human hands: discrepancies, contradictions, errors, and different perspectives of different authors living at different times in different countries and writing for different reasons to different audiences with different needs. But the problems of the Bible are not what led me to leave the faith. These problems simply showed me that my evangelical beliefs about the Bible could not hold up, in my opinion, to critical scrutiny. I continued to be a Christian—a completely committed Christian—for many years after I left the evangelical fold. Eventually, though, I felt compelled to leave Christianity altogether. I did not go easily. On the contrary, I left kicking and screaming, wanting desperately to hold on to the faith I had known

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Stories: 1) Francis Collins on 'The Language of God' 2) The Language Changes with 'Time'


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Question: Mideast Meeting Yields Little Progress

A meeting in Jerusalem between Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Israeli and Palestinian leaders ends with little progress but an agreement to meet again. The talks, meant to try and restart the peace process, marks the first time in six years political players at this level have met.

News Headlines: Jan. 28, 2007 Talk About It:New York Times: Races Entering Complex Phase Over Delegates -- "The presidential campaign is entering a new phase as Democratic and Republican candidates move beyond state-by-state competition and into a potentially protracted scramble for delegates Congressional district by Congressional district. The shifting terrain is influencing the strategies of candidates from both parties." What's your reaction to the results of South Carolina's primary? What do you think Florida holds for the GOP? Election 2008:Washington Post: In S.C., Black Vote Was Vital, But Not Whole Story New York Times: Jackson: Not Upset by Clinton Remarks | Toni Morrison Endorses Obama Fox News: Huckabee on Romney's Fried Chicken Moment Washington Post: Kennedy Endorses Obama In Blow to Clinton AP: Indicted Obama Fundraiser Rezko Arrested Philadelphia Inquirer: In Fla., Age Is an Issue for McCain Nation:Politico: Final Bush SOTU Unlikely to Yield Surprises The AJC: 10,000 African-American Baptists Confer in Atlanta Newsday: Immigrant-Rights Group Reaches Out to Blacks Detroit Free Press: Kilpatrick Chief of Staff Quits Post Over Texts Washington Post: Black Historical Figures Get Their Due World:New York Times: Ethnic Violence in Rift Valley Is Tearing Kenya Apart AFP: EU Launches Chad, CAR Peacekeeping Mission Money & Finance:New York Times: 'Washington Post' Starts Online Magazine for Blacks AFP: Blacks See 'Financial Apartheid' in Subprime Crisis AP: New Home Sales Plunged by Record Amount in 2007 People:Black Voices: Ruby Dee Wins First SAG Award AP: Sears' Lewis to Step Down As CEO


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Question: Hank Williams' Legacy

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['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'President Obama lost a couple of economic battles on Capitol Hill on Thursday, but he is hoping to win the political war. The president vows to keep fighting for policies he says will benefit the broad middle class. As Obama spoke to reporters in the White House briefing room, an electronic clock behind him ticked down the minutes, hours and days until year\'s end. That\'s when a payroll tax cut is due to expire, unless Congress votes to extend it. Economic Skirmishes While dueling proposals to extend the tax cut failed in the Senate on Thursday, Obama insists lawmakers keep trying as they face their own countdown to a Christmas holiday recess. "I do not expect Congress to go home unless the payroll tax cut is extended and unless unemployment insurance is extended. It would be wrong for families, but it would also be wrong for the economy as a whole," he said. The president also promised to keep pressing to fill the top job at a new financial watchdog agency, even if he has to use a recess appointment to do so. Senate Republicans blocked his nominee Thursday. Obama says that until a director is in place at the agency, it can\'t police payday lenders, debt collectors or mortgage companies that aren\'t tied to banks. "This is a big deal. About one in five people use these kinds of mechanisms to finance everything from buying a house to cashing their checks," he said. So far, Obama has been losing these battles on Capitol Hill, but the White House is convinced he\'s winning the broader political argument. Day after day, the president tries to present himself as a champion of the middle class, while branding Republicans as the party of fat cats and financiers. Overruling The FDA On Plan B While Obama has grown more combative in his economic rhetoric, the administration has tried to tiptoe through other political minefields. This week, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius overruled scientists at the FDA who wanted to make emergency contraceptive pills more readily available. Obama insists he did not try to influence the secretary, but he defended her decision not to allow over-the-counter sales of Plan B pills to adolescent girls without a prescription. "She could not be confident that a 10-year-old or an 11-year-old going into a drugstore should be able — alongside bubblegum or batteries — be able to buy a medication that potentially, if not used properly, could end up having an adverse effect," he said. \'Ask Osama Bin Laden\' One area where Obama shows surprising strength in the public opinion surveys — for a Democrat — is foreign policy. That hasn\'t stopped Republican presidential hopefuls from criticizing his handling of Iran or Israel. This week, several Republicans accused the president of practicing "appeasement." Obama had a blunt comeback for that. "Ask Osama bin Laden and the 22 out of 30 top al-Qaida leaders who\'ve been taken off the field whether I engage in appeasement," he said. White House spokesman Jay Carney also took a club to Mitt Romney\'s charge that Obama spends too much time on the golf course or planning a family vacation when he should be fixing the economy. "I don\'t remember Gov. Romney complaining about this president\'s predecessor taking his family on vacation, spending, I believe, far more time on vacation than this president," Carney said. "But you never know what he might have said. So you might want to go check it." In any case, Obama volunteered to skip his family trip to Hawaii this month if Congress doesn\'t act quickly to extend the payroll tax cut. "Get it done," he said, "and if not, maybe ... we\'ll have a white Christmas here in Washington." The countdown clocks are still ticking. LINDA WERTHEIMER, HOST:  President Obama lost a couple of economic battles on Capitol Hill yesterday. But he\'s still hopes to win the political war. As we heard, the payroll tax cuts failed in the Senate again. Republicans also blocked the president\'s nominee to head a new financial watchdog agency. Mr. Obama promises to keep fighting for the broad middle class. NPR\'s Scott Horsley reports on how these year-end skirmishes fit into the president\'s re-election playbook for 2012. SCOTT HORSLEY, BYLINE: As President Obama spoke to reporters in the White House briefing room, an electronic clock behind him ticked down the minutes, hours, and days until year\'s end. That\'s when a payroll tax cut is due to expire, unless Congress votes to extend it. While dueling proposals to extend the tax cut failed in the Senate yesterday, Mr. Obama insists lawmakers keep trying, as they face their own countdown to a Christmas holiday recess. PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: I do not expect Congress to go home unless the payroll tax cut is extended and unless unemployment insurance is extended. It would be wrong for families. But it would also be wrong for the economy as a whole. HORSLEY: The president also promised to keep pressing to fill the top job at a new financial watchdog agency, even if he has to use a recess a'] == ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR.', 'Obama Pushes Agenda Despite Losses On The Hill']

Host Bob Edwards talks with Nicholas Dawidoff, author of "In the Country of Country. A Journey to the Roots of American Music," about the enduring legacy of Hank Williams. He was born today, 75 years ago, and although he died at the age of 29, his music continues to provide inspiration for singers and songwriters. (7:17)  Due to Internet rights issues, this segment has been modified from its original broadcast form.

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Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: 'Sweet Memories' May Sound

"Sweet Memories" may sound like the name of a perfume, but it's actually the name of a French ensemble that specializes in music of the Renaissance. From a concert the group gave at the Troy Savings Bank Music Hall in upstate New York, the members of the Ensemble Doulce Memoire (dooss mem-WAHR) perform a couple of dances: the Allemande and Bransles (BRAWL) by Pierre Phalese (fah-LEZ). We'll also hear their rollicking encore, a "Surprise Pavane," which is actually the group's arrangement of "Oh Susannah" by Stephen Foster. (Dorian Recordings)

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Iceland Glacier Hosts Rave

Think of it as a dance party deep inside one of the largest glaciers in Europe. But you can't dance until sunrise because in Iceland this time of year, the sun never goes away.

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Question: Sharp Edge: One Man's Quest To Improve Saw Safety

Table saws are by far the most dangerous tools used by woodworkers and do-it-yourself enthusiasts.  Every year around the U.S., more than 3,000 people cut off their fingers or thumbs in table saw accidents, according to data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission. And 30,000 end up in emergency rooms with other injuries.   One entrepreneur has developed a safety device called SawStop that prevents those injuries. But the power tool industry has chosen not to adopt the technology. And because of that, power tool manufacturers now face a growing number of lawsuits. Lightning Fast Injuries  A table saw has an open spinning blade the size of a dinner plate with sharp, jagged teeth. Often there is no guard attached to protect the person using it. The blade spins so fast, it's hard to see. So, if someone loses concentration for just half a second and puts their hand in the wrong place, they can lose fingers before feeling any pain. "You can't react fast enough," says Chris Higginbotham,  a wood-shop teacher at Forest Grove High School in Oregon. "It's happened before you realize it happened."   In his class, about 25 teenagers use table saws and other industrial power tools with sharp blades. That might sound like an accident waiting to happen. And Higginbotham is painfully aware that accidents do happen.  "I had a young man, he paid attention, he did a great job on the safety test ... and he just made a mistake," Higginbotham says. He says his student was making a "dado" cut with an extra thick stack of saw blades on the saw.   In an instant, Higginbotham recalls, his student's index finger was gone up to the middle knuckle, "and there just wasn't anything to sew back on."  He adds, "I feel horrible even talking about it now." Preventing The Loss Of Fingers Thousands of Americans cut their fingers off every year on table saws.  Some cut off three or four fingers.  But these days Higginbotham is a lot less worried about accidents because he's using SawStop's table saws in his class. They have a superfast safety-brake mechanism that can sense when the blade makes contact with a finger.  "I absolutely know it saved a kid's thumb," Higginbotham says. "He would have lost his thumb."  Steve Gass, the entrepreneur who invented this safety brake, actually lives just a few miles from the high school. He's a woodworker, a physicist and a patent attorney.  NPR first did a story on Gass six years ago when he launched his company.  He came to Higginbotham's class to show the students how the saw works.    The Hot Dog Test It turns out a hot dog has about the same salt and moisture content as a human finger.  The SawStop saw induces a very slight electrical current on the blade that is monitored by a computer chip inside the saw. Wood does not conduct electricity -- but your finger does.  The saw can sense the difference between the two and trigger a safety brake.   When the safety brake is triggered, the blade slams down into the table and away from the person's hand.   "One minute the saw's running full speed with the blade up fairly high, and in a thousandth of a second, it's just gone. It doesn't just stop, the whole blade is gone," Higginbotham says. Gass demonstrates this using a hot dog, which he places on a piece of wood as if it were a woodworker's finger accidentally placed in the path of the blade.  He shoves the wood into the saw, which cuts it, but in 3/1,000ths of a second after the blade touches the hot dog, the safety brake fires.   The hot dog ends up with just a barely perceptible nick in it where the blade grazed the hot dog's skin before the safety brake stopped the saw.  At the speed with which Gass was pushing the wood, he says a carpenter would have lost three fingers before he could have reacted.  With the safety brake, all you'd need is a bandage.   Lack Of Interest From Big Power Tool Companies  Gass invented this technology about 10 years ago. And he's tried ever since to get the big power tool companies to license and use it.  "They came back and said, 'Well, we've looked at it, but we're not interested because safety doesn't sell,' " Gass says, adding that he thought, "What a crazy attitude."  Over the past decade, Gass says, all of the power-tool makers -- Black and Decker; Ryobi; Skil, a division of the Robert Bosch Tool Corp.; Makita and others -- still haven't adopted this type of safety system.  As a result, Gass' startup has been manufacturing saws that include the safety brake.   So far, Gass has documented 700 saved fingers.  "We ended up having to build the saws ourselves to get them out there, and they have sold," Gass says, adding that SawStop has become the No. 1 selling cabinet table saw in the country. "So, we proved how wrong those guys were."  The vast majority of table saws sold still do not have this kind of safety brake.  Gass says it's basically like refusing to put airbags in cars.  And he says thousands of people are getting needlessly maimed.   The Threat Of Lawsuits Ga

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Question: 'Friends' Will Be There For You At Beijing's Central Perk

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Almost a decade since the end of the hit American TV series Friends, the show — and, in particular, the fictitious Central Perk cafe, where much of the action took place — is enjoying an afterlife in China's capital, Beijing. Here, the show that chronicled the exploits of New York City pals Rachel, Ross, Monica, Chandler, Phoebe and Joey is almost seen as a lifestyle guide. Tucked away on the sixth floor of a Beijing apartment block is a mini replica of the cafe, orange couch and all, whose owner Du Xin introduces himself by saying, "Everyone calls me 'Gunther' here." Indeed, he is a Chinese version of cafe owner Gunther from the show, down to his giddy passion for Rachel (the character played by Jennifer Aniston). "I'm crazy about Friends," Du says. "For me, it's like a religion. It's my life." 'Religion' Turned Business The extent of Du's Friends obsession is clear on entry to Beijing's Central Perk. The level of detail is scary: same window, same doorway. People sitting on the orange sofa are watching TV — reruns of Friends, naturally. The cafe only serves snacks mentioned in Friends, and the menus are even annotated. For instance, the menu informs anyone ordering cheesecake that it was — in season 7, episode 11 — the subject of Rachel's exclamation to Chandler (played by Matthew Perry): "You stole this cheesecake. That is wrong!" Now, Du's "religion" has turned into a successful business, with a second Central Perk recently opened in Shanghai. Du says he had no idea how popular the cafes would be, but he's discovering that they serve as unofficial Friends fan clubs. The enthusiastic response from customers amazed him. "It's beyond my imagination," he says. Reruns of the show serve as a language-learning tool for Chinese university students. The show is particularly popular for its use of colloquial language and as an introduction to American culture. It's also popular because of the laid-back, friendship-filled lifestyle it portrays, far from the stressful, competitive world that Chinese young people inhabit. "That's why we like Friends," says Du. "We're looking for this kind of life." When asked for an example, he cites Chandler as an inspirational figure. "He quit the job he hated, and he found another one he liked," Du says. "This TV show also told us you have to choose a living way you like. "I learned a lot from Friends: how to treat friends, girlfriends, my wife, how to be generous, how to be gentle," Du enthuses. He believes friendship in China is not that pure, saying ruefully that people think more about "how to take advantage." Friends' Lasting Appeal Next door to the cafe, Du has taken his Friends fervor a step further, building a replica of the apartment that Joey (played by Matt LeBlanc) lives in — down to an identical foosball table. The project took about six months, Du says. Calvin Le, an English teacher from California who has come to have a look with German friend Adrian Andre, says the replica is "amazing." "[It's] small, but it looks exactly like what it looks like on the show, so it's pretty cool," Le says, pointing out DVDs of the TV show Baywatch and the replica of an oversized TV cabinet that Joey made. Some young Chinese even admit to secretly hankering for the world of casual sexual encounters depicted on Friends. Over the series' lifetime, the six friends hooked up with at least 85 other characters on air, though one epic survey by a dedicated fan counted 138 sexual partners mentioned on the show's 236 episodes. Even for some bolder young Chinese, bound by family and tradition, such wild abandon is unthinkable. Friends fans come from far and wide to visit Central Perk. Qiu Yu, who lives in Beijing, has brought a friend visiting from Taiyuan, more than 300 miles away. It's her first stop in the capital. For Qiu, the main attraction of Friends isn't the sexual freedom, but the fact that the lives of the six friends are their own, free from the constraints of their families. "I think their lives are very free, very happy. They can do whatever they like. For Chinese people, the influence of our families is quite big," Qiu says. "So we yearn for that lifestyle."

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Question: Don't Miss: The Curse and Necessity of TV for Infants

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I'm a dad of a toddler and I hate the television. I don't believe that TV helps kids in any way. I am quick to complain about other parents who plug their kids in. I think that baby videos are evil and wrong and yet, somehow, completely necessary. I'm sorry. I wish I were stronger. I wish that I didn't buy precious minutes with a portable DVD player on the airplane. I wish my child didn't know about Elmo and Dora and Barney. It is the modern parental curse. We try to justify video opium by only showing our daughter "classic" old Sesame Street (like somehow TV was less harmful when we were kids). And perhaps with our next child we'll be purchasing the new Sesame Beginnings DVDs developed for infants by the creators of Sesame Street. It is with that sense of guilt that I listened to the debate today on Talk of the Nation on the value of video for tots. I'm still not sure where I stand on the whole thing. Yes, there is a special spot in hell for anyone who tries to get kids addicted to television before they can crawl. But I'm also a realist who thinks if kids are going to watch, at least it should be quality content. The nice thing about being a parent is that whichever way you choose, it's probably screwing the kid up.

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Stories: 1) Dan Fante: Reliving Addictions One Page At A Time 2) Hot Chip Brings Romance To The Dance Floor 3) Damon and Soderbergh, An Informative Pair 4) Two Movie Islands, One Worth Visiting


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Question: Mars Rover Finds More Evidence Of A Watery Past

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Steve Squyres, principal investigator on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission, reports in Science that Opportunity's road trip to Victoria Crater revealed that the crater was shaped by water long ago. Meanwhile, the twin rover Spirit appears to be stuck. IRA FLATOW, host:  You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News.  For the rest of the hour, a Mars update. You know those two Mars rovers, they're still going. But the rover Spirit, already dragging a bum wheel, appears to be stuck in the sand a bit. And there's no truck around, no tow truck for 100 million miles or so.  The good news is that this week, researchers published a paper in the journal Science showing that the other rover, Opportunity, had a good road trip to the Victoria Crater, with parts of the crater showing signs of being shaped by water a long time ago.  Joining me now is Steve Squyres, the principal investigator at NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission, professor of astronomy at Cornell University.  Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY.  Professor STEVE SQUYRES (Astronomy, Cornell University): Hey, Ira. How are you doing?  FLATOW: Hey. How are you doing?  Prof. SQUYRES: I'm doing great.  FLATOW: What - tell us what's happening with that stuck rover?  Prof. SQUYRES: Oh, man. This has been a tough one, Ira. The area of Mars that Spirit is exploring right now, we have learned, to our chagrin, is studded with invisible rover traps.  (Soundbite of laughter)  Prof. SQUYRES: It's horrible. It's horrible. They're lurking just beneath the surface in several places - we've come across a few of these now - are these deposits of what turns out to usually be ferric sulfate, iron sulfate, salts. And you can't see it because it's - on top of it, there's this thin kind of veneer of regular Martian soil. So you take a picture of it, it just looks like normal soil, and then you drive into it.  And it turns the salt deposits, they have very little cohesion. The grains don't stick together the way normal soil grains do. And you get into it, and the wheels just kind of spin and churn. And it's horrible stuff. We've gotten stuck in one of these once before, and we managed to power our way out of it.  The thing that makes it really tough for Spirit is that Spirit normally, you know, would have six wheels…  FLATOW: Right.  Prof. SQUYRES: …but the right front wheel is failed. And so, we're dragging this dead wheel. And so, for a five-wheel vehicle, when you get stuck in one of these traps, it's really hard. We've escape from these before.  FLATOW: Yeah.  Prof. SQUYRES: We're working hard at this one. But this is a tough spot.  FLATOW: You can't rock it back and forth like we do at the beach.  Prof. SQUYRES: No. There's a lot of things that you wish you could do that you can't. I liked your tow truck idea. But, no. Uh-uh.  (Soundbite of laughter)  FLATOW: Send, could you send the other rover over, give it a push?  Prof. SQUYRES: You know, it's completely on the other side of the planet, man. That would be a long drive.  (Soundbite of laughter)  Prof. SQUYRES: Even for Opportunity, that'd be asking a lot.  FLATOW: And how - is it up to its hubcaps? Is it pretty deep?  Prof. SQUYRES: Some of the wheels are sort of hubcap deep. Others, we think, are not. But it's a bad spot, you know? I mean, we've been in bad spots before. And if there's a way out of it…  FLATOW: Yeah.  Prof. SQUYRES: …we're going to find it.  FLATOW: So you're not…  Prof. SQUYRES: There is some good news. There is some good news.  FLATOW: You're not giving up on it. Oh, good news.  Prof. SQUYRES: Yeah. No, there is some good news. Yeah, let me tell you that, too. For several years now, Spirit has just been coated with dust. The solar rays had a huge amount of dust bottoms. Spirit's just been starving for power.  And at about the same time, we ran into this predicament, Mars also gave us a gift. And what happened was we experienced several wind gusts that have cleaned the rover off. The dust is gone. We've got an enormous amount of electrical power now, way more than we need. And what that means is it's bought us time. It gives us time - instead of having to try to rush before winter comes to solve this problem, we can actually sit down and go about it in a thoughtful methodical way, run some tests here on Earth, do all that we need to do. Mars has given us the time we need to try to solve this problem.  FLATOW: 1-800-989-8255. Now, I'm picturing, you know, my old Erector Set with my little rover that I made years ago.  Prof. SQUYRES: Yeah. Yeah.  FLATOW: You know, does that mean you're going - if you have extra battery power like that, you could spin the wheels faster or spin them longer…  Prof. SQUYRES: No, not really.  FLATOW: …or just before time is up (unintelligible) think about - get ready for winter?  Prof. SQUYRES: Yeah. What it does - see, as the seasons change, it becomes harder and harder to operate this vehicle, because the sun starts to sink low in the sky. And we were fearful, if we ha

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Egypt: Fear That 'Day Of Rage' Will Add To Body Count. -- NSA Has Broken Privacy Rules 'Thousands Of Times Each Year'. -- There It Is! Area 51 Revealed In Declassified CIA Report. And here are more early headlines: Earthquakes Rattle New Zealand's Capital. (Radio New Zealand) Consumer Prices Rise Slightly In July. (Bloomberg) High Temperatures, Wind Fan Massive Idaho Wildfire. (Reuters) Caribbean Storm Could Form New Tropical Depression. (Weather.com) NASA Says Planet-Hunting Spacecraft "Kepler" Is Badly Disabled. (National Geographic) Voyager 1 Has Left The Solar System - Or Not. (Los Angeles Times) Dispute Over Burial Of Richard III's Bones Goes To Court. (BBC) Baseball To Widen Use Of Instant Replay Next Year. (ESPN)


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: John Mitchell Testifies He Had No Prior Knowledge Of The Watergate Bugging

John Mitchell, former director of the Committee to Reelect the President, testified before a federal grand jury in Washington that he had no prior knowledge of the bugging of the DNC headquarters. This story originally aired on All Things Considered on April 20, 1973.  The digital preservation of this audio has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities.

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Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: Doubts Arise on Border Battle's Tie to Bin Laden Aide

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Pakistani troops continue a standoff with al Qaeda fighters and militant rebels near the country's border with Afghanistan. But Pakistanis are reconsidering initial claims that a key al Qaeda figure -- Ayman al-Zawahiri -- is cornered there. Al-Zawahiri, an Egyptian, is said to be Osama bin Laden's second in command and his main ideologue. He's been with bin Laden since the 1980s, when they fought together in the war against the Soviets in Afghanistan. Al-Zawahiri helped found Islamic Jihad, the group that assassinated Egyptian President Anwar Sadat in 1981. Zawahiri, now 52, served three years in prison for his role in that plot, and then left Egypt for Afghanistan. But he remained the head of Islamic Jihad, which was blamed for an 1995 assassination attempt against President Hosni Mubarak and the bombing of the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan, as well as the 1997 massacre of foreign tourists in Luxor. Al-Zawahiri was tried in absentia by an Egyptian court and was sentenced to death. His expertise has helped turn bin Laden's al Qaeda network from a loosely affiliated group of like-minded terrorists into an organized network capable of carrying out extremely violent and carefully planned terrorist operations. A surgeon by training, al-Zawahiri is also the author of several books on Islamic movements.

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Stories: 1) Deadly Insurgents With Ties To U.S. Dollars 2) The Trouble With Health Problems Near Gas Fracking


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Question: 'Catch-22': A Paradox Turns 50 And Still Rings True

Fifty years ago, a new phrase began to make its way into American conversations: "Catch-22."  Joseph Heller's irreverent World War II novel — named for the now-famous paradox — was published on Oct. 11, 1961. His take on war meshed perfectly with the anti-authoritarian generation that came of age in the 1960s. And now, a half-century later, the predicament of a no-win trap still resonates with a new crop of young people distrustful of their elders. In August 1944, Heller flew on a mission over the French town of Avignon. Sitting in the plexiglass nose cone of a B-25 bomber, Heller faced the very real possibility of death for the first time. That mission, says Heller biographer Tracy Daugherty, shaped the way Heller thought about war, a sensibility that permeates his novel. "After that mission over Avignon, Heller really understood that this is not an abstraction," Daugherty says. "They are out to kill me personally, and he didn't like it — and Yossarian doesn't either." Yossarian is Heller's nimble creation — an everyman soldier who is trying as hard as he can to get out of the war. But the more he tries, the more he is caught in the famous catch: "Anyone who wants to get out of combat duty isn't really crazy," Doc Daneeka, the Army physician, explains.  There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a  concern for one's safety in the face of dangers that were real and  immediate was the process of a rational mind. [Bomber pilot] Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon  as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more  missions. ...  Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this  clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.  When Catch-22 was first released, it wasn't universally well-received. Until then, books about war tended to be serious works, often tragic in tone. Heller's war was a black comedy, filled with orders from above that made no sense and characters who just wanted to stay alive. The novel seemed to offend some reviewers. The New York Times called it an "emotional hodgepodge." But other critics took on the book as a cause. "It seemed to me like the first genuine post-World War II novel," says Robert Brustein, who reviewed Catch-22 for The New Republic. He says he was blown away by the book and the way Heller's depictions of war turned the idea of heroism on its head. "He was using a tone that is not normally used when you talk about war, especially wars fought by Americans," Brustein explains. "The language we use when we refer to our soldiers is 'our brave heroic boys.' We don't use language that indicates they might be insane, and that's what Joe Heller was one of the first brave men to do — and he ran into a firestorm as a result." By the time Catch-22 came out in paperback, the word of mouth was more positive than negative and the book became a best-seller. But Daugherty says it was more than just the praise of critics that turned the tide in its favor. "Really what turned the tide I think was that the Vietnam War began to heat up and was more and more in the news, and Heller's book seemed to prophesy what was happening," she says. The young people who took to the streets to protest the war embraced Catch-22.  Heller may have based the novel on his own experiences in World War II, but the voice that emerged captured the tone of a new generation that had lost respect for authority and refused to take anything at face value. "What was being stated publicly [in the mid-1960s] was clashing so obviously with the images we were seeing on our television screens," Daugherty says. "And so I think in a large sense, the entire culture began to distrust language. We were being told one thing and seeing another, and there's the paradox. That's the heart of Catch-22." But young people in antiwar protests and on college campuses weren't the only ones reading the book. Marc Anderson read Catch-22 while serving in Vietnam. He carried it with him on forays into the jungle and lent it to other soldiers who wanted to know what he was reading. "I would tell people about it and they'd get a kick out of it, and I'd let them have it for a day or two and they'd read sections of it," Anderson recalls. "I think it had a lot of resonance with the Vietnam soldiers because ... they were drafted, they didn't choose to be there. And it was pretty apparent once you'd been there a little while: 'This is silly. We're fighting peasants with BB guns with a 500,000-person army.' " Anderson says Catch-22 took one of life's worst experiences and made it funny. Heller understood completely what soldiers encounter in war and identified with their frustration about getting caught in a situation over which they have no control. He turned that frustration into his famous Catch-22, an idea that perfectly captures the absurdity of war and the mind-numbing bureaucracy that supports it.  Heller's humor, says Anderson, is what makes t

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Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball


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Question: The California Report Special Coverage

The California Report — Special Live Broadcast with host Scott ShaferThe State of the State Address — The California Report and KQED Public Radio presents live, anchored coverage of Governor Schwarzenegger's State of the State address with host Scott Shafer in studio and reporter Tamara Keith at the capitol. Coverage will include the full State of the State Address, followed by the Democratic response and analysis from Capitol Weekly editor Anthony York and other guests.

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Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: Four Years Later, Army Hero Honored

This week, retired Army Capt. William Swenson was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during an intense firefight in Afghanistan in 2009. His team was conducting meetings with village elders in the village of Ganjar, in Kunar Province, when they were ambushed. Swenson was honored for risking his life several times to rescue fellow troops and recover bodies during the seven-hour battle. Members of the MedEvac unit that came to rescue his team were wearing helmet cameras that captured Swenson’s actions. They also captured the moment he loaded his injured comrade, Sgt. First Class Kenneth Westbrook, into the helicopter and kissed him on the forehead. “When you’re on the battlefield you don’t always remember the moments where your humanity comes through; you remember the moments you made the decision to move an element or call for fire on a specific position” Swenson told Here & Now‘s Robin Young. “It showed a moment where I truly got to tell my former soldier, Sgt. First Class Westbrook, that he had done his job, and he was going home.” Westbrook survived for a month, before he died. Westbrook’s wife attended Swenson’s medal ceremony. “She had a month to spend with Ken, who for a while was on the mend,” Swenson said. “He was asking for a Heineken from time to time. I believe he was flirting with the nurses, so he was in high spirits. He had the opportunity to be with his family.” Swenson was nominated for the Medal of Honor soon after the battle, but there was a delay in his receiving the medal. At the ceremony, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel apologized for the delay. But those close to Swenson feel the Medal was delayed because he had criticized superiors for failing to provide air support for for his troops during the battle. “One can speculate all they like,” Swenson said. “The honor for me was being nominated for that award.”

Washington Post:: Fighting Through ‘Dire’ Situation
Washington Post: Obama Awards Army Captain Medal Of Honor

Guest:

William Swenson, retired Army Captain and Medal of Honor recepient.
 ROBIN YOUNG, HOST:  It's HERE AND NOW. One of the most powerful moments of the week was seeing former Army Captain William Swenson awarded the Medal of Honor for risking his own life several times during an intense firefight in Afghanistan's Ganjgal Valley in September 2009. He was trying to save his fellow troops and recover the bodies of those who'd been killed in a Taliban ambush. You've probably seen the rescue. There's a helmet video from one of the helicopter pilots who came to carry out the wounded. During Tuesday's ceremony, President Obama described the video. (SOUNDBITE OF SPEECH) PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: In that video, as that helicopter touches down by a remote village, you see out of a cloud of dust an American soldier. He's without his helmet, standing in the open, exposing himself to enemy fire, standing watch over a severely wounded soldier. He helps carry that wounded soldier to the helicopter and places him inside. And then amidst the whipping wind and the deafening roar of the helicopter blades, he does something unexpected. He leans in and kisses the wounded soldier on the head, a simple act of compassion and loyalty to a brother in arms. YOUNG: You can see that video at hereandnow.org. We wanted to see how Captain William Swenson was doing at the end of this week of recognition and reflection. He joins us from the NPR studios in Washington. Welcome. CAPTAIN WILLIAM SWENSON: Thank you for having me. YOUNG: So how are you doing? SWENSON: It's been a whirlwind. It's been a very emotional week but a very positive one. I've had the opportunity to reconnect with a lot of my old friends and colleagues and meet new friends. It's been incredible. YOUNG: Yeah. I imagine really complicated feelings as well. You've said you don't remember that very tender moment, a kiss to your fallen comrade. Now you've seen it. What does it bring out in you? Is it comforting? Is it painful? What... SWENSON: It's certainly a mix of emotions. When you're on the battlefield, you don't always remember the moments where your humanity comes through. You remember the moments that you made the decision to move an element or call for fire on a specific position. What you generally don't remember are those moments that occur on the battlefield that sometimes other people capture. And seeing that video allowed me to go back to a time that I'd forgotten and would not have believed had occurred had it not been for that video. And it showed a moment where I truly got to tell my former soldier, Sergeant First Class Westbrook, that he had done his job and he was going home. YOUNG: Yeah. Nice to know that you kept your humanity in the middle of that, you know, survival instinct. SWENSON: In the military you're trained for a job and you react reflexively based upon your training and based upon de


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Question: Dandelion Blossom Wine

The late Edna Lewis was a Southern-cooking legend. She grew up in a small farming community in Virginia. In The Taste of Country Cooking (Alfred A. Knopf 1990), she wrote that in the very early spring, she would see her neighbors picking dandelions. For winemaking, she wrote, they had to be picked before noon. After that, the blossoms would close up tight.  The wine was drunk at breakfast. This is adapted from her recipe. 1 gallon open dandelion blossoms 5 quarts boiling, noncarbonated water 3 1/2 pounds sugar Pick dandelion blossoms far away from polluted areas, in clear, open fields. Have at hand a good, clean stone crock or Pyrex container, because you will be pouring boiling water over the blossoms and a glass jar will crack and spoil your blossoms.  Pick over the blossoms. See to it that there are no spiders or bugs in them. Rinse. Drop the blossoms into the crock and pour the boiling water over them. Cover with a clean white napkin and let stand for three days where it's not too cold.   Strain through a thin, clean, odor-free cloth into a clean glass jar. Add the sugar and stir until the sugar dissolves. Cover again with a clean cloth and leave in the kitchen in a warm, draft-free place for three weeks. Then strain into clean, dry jars, filling up to the top. Tie a clean cloth over the mouth of each jar and leave to finish fermenting, which will take about four months, or until the wine stops being effervescent. Then strain carefully into clean bottles, leaving behind any sediment that settles on the bottom. Fill the bottles nearly full and cork tightly. Store in a dry, dark place.

Stories: 1) Reviewed: The Return of Live Television 2) John Edgar Wideman's 'Fanon,' A Novel Biography 3) Dengue Fever: Vintage Cambodian Pop Remixed


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Question: Political Corner with Juan Williams

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Political analyst Juan Williams discusses inside-the-beltway issues affecting African Americans with Donna Brazile, Al Gore's 2004 presidential campaign manager, and Rev. Joseph Watkins, pastor at Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church in Philadelphia.

Stories: 1) David Talbot on the Kennedys' 'Hidden History' 2) Kevin Costner, Dancing With Death Again


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Question: Trouble in the Desert

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I've been thinking a lot about the desert lately as I prepare for my trip to Egypt next week. New York Magazine had a great article about how the promised land of opportunity is starting to feel the pinch of the credit crisis, and now comes this news from Bloomberg:  Real-estate prices may drop 20 percent or more, analysts at EFG-Hermes Holding SAE, the biggest publicly traded investment bank in Egypt, said in a report this week.   Nakheel PJSC, the Dubai state-owned developer of three palm-shaped islands in the Persian Gulf, said Nov. 30 that it is scaling back or delaying work on some of its $30 billion in projects, including the 62-story Trump International Hotel & Tower near the Mega Yacht Club on the trunk of Palm Jumeirah.  Maybe it's time for a Planet Money field trip.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: Celebrities Are Just Like Us!: How A 'Big Bang' Producer Was Misunderstood

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Yesterday, Bill Prady, one of the producers of CBS's The Big Bang Theory and a prolific user of Twitter, tweeted this: "Everybody sing ... 'right back where we started from...'" It seemed like an innocent enough thing to say at the time. But then Deadline.com wrote this, under the headline "Is CBS's 'Big Bang' Headed Back To 8 PM?":  The cryptic message is subject to interpretation but it could mean the show will be returning to 8 PM where it started off before moving behind Two And a Half Menthis season. Is it a possible move on Monday or is CBS looking to make a big play outside of its signature comedy night by using its hottest comedy to anchor a new comedy block? Hmmm. We're all singing... and waiting.  Well, sure. It could mean that. Of course, it could have also had something to do with the fact that Prady had been in Europe on vacation, as he'd been tweeting about, and was headed back to, you know, California. As in, "California, here we come"? That's what turned out to be the case. Now, Deadline didn't write anything that wasn't true; they just speculated about what a tweet might mean. But they did momentarily forget one of the main things about celebrity Twitter accounts: celebrities write a lot about non-celebrity things. Bill Prady doesn't only tweet about his show. Many actors don't only tweet about acting. They tweet about breakfast, or vacations, or some silly thing their kid just did. They tweet about places they're visiting, or whether they just got a new phone, or a movie they just saw. Adam Savage (of Mythbusters) tweeted recently about seeing Carole King and James Taylor in concert; doesn't mean he's going to be blowing up acoustic guitars. Joel McHale tweeted about breaking his iPad. It's one of the charms of celebrity tweeting that very often, they're just chattering, just like everybody else. I know it's tempting to look for clues, but clues are not, in fact, everywhere.

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: Trump Revs Up Attacks On Russia Election Influence Probe

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President Trump has revved up his attacks on the special counsel's probe as a "rigged witch hunt." The team has thus far secured indictments or guilty pleas of 32 individuals and 3 Russian companies.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Iran's Foreign Minister: Renegotiating Nuclear Deal Would Damage U.S. Credibility. -- Border Patrol Agent Acquitted In 2012 Fatal Shooting Of Mexican Teen. -- Prince's Family Files Wrongful Death Suit Against Hospital, Pharmacy Chain. -- Facebook Updates Community Standards, Expands Appeals Process. And here are more early headlines: Report: Confirmation Hearing To Be Delayed For V.A. Nominee. (Washington Post) Suit Filed Against New Indiana Abortion Law. (Indianapolis Business Journal) Government Seeks E-Coli Source In Contaminated Lettuce. (Washington Post) Despite Government Action, Nicaragua Protests Continue. (Los Angeles Times) New Afghanistan Attacks Leave 9 Dead. (RFE/RL) Ukrainian Agency Hit By Ransomware. (Reuters)


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Question: Russia Seen Moving New Missiles To Eastern Europe

represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth The provided query could be "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Ethan Canin has been absent from the literary stage for seven years. The author perhaps best known for his short story collection Emperor of the Air has re-emerged with a new novel that spans class, politics, history and power. In a grand return to form, Canin\'s book America America weaves a complex narrative in the vein of the great American novel. America America is the story of Corey Sifter, a working-class teenager living in New York state in 1971, who aspires for something more. In the course of the novel, Sifter, who is also the narrator, meets an ambitious politician named Henry Bonwiller — a fictionalized U.S. senator running in the 1972 presidential election.  Canin admits that while the senator\'s morality is suspect, Bonwiller practices what Canin calls "the politics of generosity." "There once was this powerful, both capital and political class, who cared about supporting and affirming a solid middle class in this country," Canin tells NPR\'s Linda Wertheimer. But, he asks, "Are these men to be trusted?"   Bonwiller\'s campaign is financed by a business tycoon named Liam Metarey. The two men reach out to Sifter and guide his transformation from a blue-collar teenager to a man at ease among bluebloods. Although the novel began as the tale of an individual who jumps social classes, Canin says, this study of "generosity" became a central question of the book. Can "avaricious politicians" truly mean well for another individual?  Canin\'s themes of ambition, power and corruption work in unison in this fluid narrative, and they are brought to life as Sifter reflects on his journey through America America. Chapter 1 2006 When you\'ve been involved in something like this, no matter how long ago it happened, no matter how long it\'s been absent from the news, you\'re fated, nonetheless, to always search it out. To be on alert for it, somehow, every day of your life. For the small item at the back of the newspaper. For the stranger at the cocktail party or the unfamiliar letter in the mailbox. For the reckoning pause on the other end of the phone line. For the dreadful reappearance of something that, in all likelihood, is never going to return. I wouldn\'t have thought, in fact, that I would be the one to bring it back now, after all this time. That I would be the one to finally try to explain it. What I know of it, at least, even if that\'s only a part. I can only guess at the other parts. But I\'ve been guessing at them for half my life now, and I think I\'ve made some sense of it. Honestly I don\'t know what will come of this--who will find pain in what I say and who, in a certain manner, solace. It isn\'t only that Senator Henry Bonwiller is dead. His death was melancholy news up here, of course, but it\'s not the only reason I\'ve set out to tell this. The other part is my children. That\'s something I\'m certain of. We have three daughters, and one of them is just past the age I was when these events took place, and I must say I feel a certain relief that nothing similar has shadowed any of their days; but I also know that you never stop worrying that it will. After all, if children don\'t make you see things differently--first bringing them into the world and then watching them go out into it--then God help you. The crowd at Senator Bonwiller\'s funeral was even bigger than I expected. Probably six hundred people at the morning eulogy--more if you count the uninvited crowd on the sidewalk in front of St. Anne\'s, standing under the shade of the sycamores and fanning themselves with their newspapers. And at least a thousand at the burial, which was open to the public that afternoon at St. Gabriel\'s Cemetery, not too far away and not much cooler than in town. St. Gabriel\'s is in Islington Township, and although no other famous men are buried there, Islington Township is where Senator Bonwiller was born and where he lived until ambition moved him along: I suppose it must have been his wish that he rest there in the end. It\'s also where his parents and brothers lie. His wife is buried a thousand miles away, in Savannah, Georgia, with her own parents, and there was no doubt some whispering about that fact. Henry Bonwiller was a complicated man, to say the least. I knew him to a certain degree. Not well enough to know what he would have felt about the grave arrangements, but more than well enough to know he would have been happy about the crowd. It was a Saturday in late September. A heat wave had killed lawns all across the state, and the smell of rotting apples was drifting up from the meadow. The graveside service had just ended, and we were still crowded beneath the shade of the great bur oaks, whose grand trunks rise evenly across the cemetery lawn as if by agreement with one another. There seemed to have been agreements about other things, as well. The New York Times gave the news an above-the-fold headline on page one and a three-column jump in the obituaries, but their story only included a single paragraph on Anody']" and the positive "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Ambitions, Tragedy Collide In 'America America'"]"

In what could mark an escalation of tensions with the West, commercial satellite images suggest that Russia is moving a new generation of nuclear-capable missiles into Eastern Europe. Russia appears to be preparing to permanently base its Iskander missile system in Kaliningrad, a sliver of territory it controls along the Baltic coast between Lithuania and Poland. Arms control experts shared fresh satellite imagery with NPR, which they say provides evidence that the Iskander will soon be housed in the Russian-controlled enclave. The images show ground being cleared for tentlike shelters used at other Iskander bases, says Jeffrey Lewis, a nonproliferation expert at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. "The pattern, and the size, and the location strongly suggest to us that this is the beginning phase of construction of the shelters for Iskander," Lewis says. Lewis and Finnish defense analyst Veli-Pekka Kivimäki, a doctoral student on open-source intelligence, discovered the construction through digital sleuthing. First, they searched Russia's Facebook, known as VKontakte, for images taken by military conscripts assigned to missile units (Russian grunts are prolific on social media, according to Lewis). Comparing the images posted by conscripts to the satellite imagery, they were able to pinpoint the missile base in Kaliningrad where the Iskanders have sometimes been sent on training exercises. They then monitored the bases until they saw construction of what they recognized as permanent storage structures used for Iskander missiles. Lewis says placing Iskander missiles in Kaliningrad is a provocative act. Kaliningrad has been controlled by Russia since World War II. It lies far to the west of Russia's own border, putting any missiles based there within range of additional targets in Europe. "Things that are in Kaliningrad... can reach places that they could not otherwise reach in Russia," Lewis says. Lewis and other experts believe Russia may be also developing a longer-range cruise missile that would allow the Iskander system to reach targets in Western Europe as well. That missile, if it does exist, would violate the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which prohibits medium-range cruise missiles from being deployed on the ground. If Russia has decided to permanently position Iskander in Kaliningrad, "It may be in response to a number of things," says retired Brig. Gen. Peter Zwack, who served as defense attaché to Russia from 2012 to 2014. The U.S. has recently deployed a missile defense system in Romania and is building a second base in Poland. U.S. and European officials say those sites are to defend against potential ballistic launches from Iran, but Zwack says that Russia views them as provocations. The new Polish missile defense site would be within range of the Iskander, adds Lewis. But Zwack says it's important not to overreact. Russia already has nuclear-capable systems based in Kaliningrad, including SS-21 ballistic missiles. The new Iskanders will "freak the local neighbors," he says, but they "will not change any strategic equation, because if they go into tactical mode, it's the end of the world anyway." Ultimately, Zwack says he believes any decision to put Iskanders into Kaliningrad is about sending a message to NATO and the West that Russia disapproves of their activities. "It ups the ante in the region," he says.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Gen. David Petraeus Will Be Sentenced Thursday Over Secret Notebooks. -- Saudi Airstrikes Target Houthi Forces In Yemen, Despite Talks Of Peace. -- Michael Brown's Family Will Sue Ferguson Over Police Shooting Death. And here are more early headlines: E.U. Holds Emergency Summit On Migrant Crisis, As Italy Rescues More Migrants. (BBC) Report: North Korea May Have Several Nuclear Warheads. (Wall Street Journal) U.S. Says Russia Is Building Air Defense System Inside Ukraine. (Reuters) Financial Crisis Could Force Puerto Rican Government To Shut Down. (Reuters) Hearing Today For Minnesotans Charged With Trying To Join ISIS. (AP)


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Question: Breaking Your Kid's Picky Eating Habits

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If your child's dinner menu starts at crackers and ends at chicken nuggets, you might have a picky eater on your hands. Tell Me More's parenting panel says that can be changed.

Stories: 1) Putting Puppies Behind Bars (For A Good Cause) 2) Forensic Vet Helps Prevent Animal Cruelty 3) Rescuing Katrina's Four-Legged Victims


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Question: Guinea Says 59 People Have Died In Ebola Outbreak

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The West African country of Guinea said on Sunday that 59 people have died during an outbreak of Ebola. The AP reports this is the first time an outbreak of the virus has been detected among humans in the country. Reporting from Dakar, Senegal, NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton reports the death toll may be as high as 80. Ofeibea reports that the medical charity Doctors Without Borders is already overwhelmed. She filed this report for our Newscast unit:  "Emergency physician, Armand Sprecher, works for Doctors Without Borders in Guinea. He warns there's no known cure for the highly contagious fever which began last month and may have spread to neighboring Sierra Leone. 'There's no specific medicine for Ebola,' Sprecher said. 'We try to support the patient's blood pressure and provide them with some symptomatic relief. But all of the miracle drugs are still in the laboratory. They're not out there for use in humans, I'm afraid.' "Ebola symptoms include bleeding, diarrhoea and vomiting. There have been previous outbreaks in remote areas of DRCongo and Uganda. Doctors Without Borders will reinforce its team in Guinea and fly in more drugs and isolation equipment from Belgium and France."  CNN reports "most of the cases have been in the forest area of southern Guinea, and health officials say they are offering free treatment for all patients."

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Latest On Paris Attacks: French War Planes Keep Pounding ISIS In Syria. -- Advocate: States Can't Shut Doors On Refugees. -- Russian Officials Say Plane Crash Was A Terrorist Act. And here are more early stories: Dozens Arrested In Minnesota After Deadly Police Shooting Of Black Man. (CBS) In Philippines, Obama Promises Maritime Aid To Asia-Pacific Allies. (VOA) Baby Is Last Ebola Patient To Recover, Be Released In Guinea. (BBC) Hundreds Of New U.N. Peacekeepers May Go To C.A.R. Ahead Of Pope's Visit. (AP) Exiled Yemeni President Returns As Anti-Rebel Offensive Continues. (AFP) Several Migrants Killed Off Greece When Boat Capsizes. (AP) From Blizzards To Flooding: Strong U.S. Storms Possible Today. (NWS)


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Question: On Anniversary Of Apollo 8, How The 'Earthrise' Photo Was Made

The first humans to catch a glimpse of the Earth rising over the moon nearly missed seeing it at all, let alone capturing the snapshot that became one of the most iconic photos of the 20th century. NASA has released an animation commemorating the 45th anniversary of Apollo 8, the first manned mission to orbit the moon. The famous "Earthrise" photo was taken on Christmas Eve 1968. "It really came about by accident," space author Andrew Chaikin, who narrates the video, tells NPR's Morning Edition in an interview that will air Tuesday. Comparing new data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter probe, which has been circling the moon since 2009, with the Apollo 8 astronauts' photography and Apollo 8's onboard audio, the Goddard Space Flight Center's Scientific Visualization Studio has been able to discover just how serendipitous the famous snapshot was. "It turns out that the only reason the astronauts saw the Earth when they did was because Frank Borman, the mission commander, was in the process of rotating the spacecraft — which was pointing nose down at the moon," Chaikin tells NPR. "It just so happens that as they came around, Bill Anders, the rookie on the flight over on the right side of the spaceflight, could see the Earth coming up in his window. This had happened three previous times on Apollo 8, but they weren't in position to see it," he says. Aboard Apollo, Anders is the first to see the potential shot: "Oh, my God, look at that picture over there," he can be heard saying. "There's the Earth coming up. Wow, is that pretty!" But what happened next will sound familiar to anyone who remembers the days before digital cameras: Anders (to astronaut Jim Lovell): "You got a color film, Jim? Hand me a roll of color, quick, would you?" Lovell: "Oh, man, that's great! Where is it?" Anders: "Hurry. Quick." Lovell: "Down here?" Anders: "Just grab me a color. A color exterior. Hurry up. Got one?" Lovell: "Yeah, I'm lookin' for one. C368." Anders: "Anything quick." Lovell hands him the film just as Anders is heard saying, "I think we missed it." But within seconds, Lovell sees the shot again in another window of the command module. He asks for the camera from Anders, who seems a bit defensive at having his role as mission photographer usurped. Anders: "Wait a minute, just let me get the right setting here now, just calm down. Calm down, Lovell!" Anders then gets the shot that has been reproduced thousands of times all over the world in the past 45 years. "It sounds incredible to us to think, 'Weren't they looking for [the Earth] when they got to the moon?' " Chaikin tells NPR. "But as Bill Anders explained to me many years later, he said, 'Look, we were trained to go to the moon. We were focused on the moon, observing the moon, studying the moon, and the Earth was not really in our thoughts until it popped up above that horizon." Meanwhile, on Monday, Lovell re-enacted another memorable moment from the groundbreaking mission: a Christmas Eve broadcast from lunar orbit. Lovell, Borman and Anders took turns reading from the Book of Genesis. Lovell ended his re-enactment with the same closing the trio used on Dec. 24, 1968: "From the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, a Merry Christmas and God bless all of you, all of you on the good Earth." Correction at 10:35 a.m. ET, Dec. 24: We initially wrote that Anders saw the moon coming up in his window. But as commenter "leew261" noted, it was the Earth that Anders saw rising. We've corrected the wording above. DAVID GREENE, HOST:  Christmas Eve 45 years ago, three men became the first human beings to orbit the moon. JIM LOVELL: For all the people back on Earth, the crew of Apollo 8 has a message that we would like to send to you. GREENE: As they passed over the gray, dusty and cratered surface of the moon, astronauts Jim Lovell, Frank Borman and Bill Anders, read from the book of Genesis. LOVELL: In the beginning, God created the heaven and the Earth. And the earth was without form and void, and... GREENE: That broadcast you're hearing had a powerful impact on the planet more than 200,000 miles away from the tiny Apollo spacecraft. Here to talk that moment and a famous photo snapped that night in 1968, is space and science writer, Andrew Chaikin. Good morning, Andy. ANDREW CHAIKIN: Good morning. GREENE: So, take me back to 1968. Where were you that night? CHAIKIN: Well, I was 12 years old and I was in my parents' bedroom in front of the old black and white Zenith, sharing what the world was sharing at that moment in this mind-blowing experience of hearing human voices coming to us from orbit around the moon. GREENE: Well, 12 years old - I mean, you were young but old enough to know that 1968 was just an awful year in the United States. Robert Kennedy was assassinated, Martin Luther King was assassinated, the Vietnam War protests were raging. I mean, what a moment for this to happen. CHAIKIN: It's true, and it's only as an adult that looking back, I can se

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- France Warns Russia And Its Allies Not To Advance On Ukrainian Port City. -- '2014 Was A Catastrophic Year', Amnesty International Says. And here are more early headlines: Officials Say Driver Left Truck On Tracks Before Train Hit It. (Los Angeles Times) Yellen Returns To Congress Today, May Discuss Interest Rates. (New York Times) Southwest Airlines Pulls Dozens Of Jets After Neglecting Safety Check. (Arizona Republic) Mysterious Drones Fly Over Paris For A Second Night. (Telegraph) Avalanche Triggered By Afghanistan Blizzard Kills Several People. (AFP) Obama To Host Miami Town Hall Meeting On Immigration. (USA Today) Dori Maynard Dies; Championed Diversity In Media. (Maynard Institute) Former Miss Turkey Accused Of Insulting Turkish Leader, May Face Jail. (AP) Rare NASA Photos To Be Auctioned: Include Snaps Of Armstrong On Moon. (AL.com)


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Question: Senators Look for Room to Agree on Immigration

A new bill meant to bridge gaps on immigration policy represents a way to change a broken system -- from a system based on illegal immigration to one based on legal immigration, according to its supporters. Sen. Mel Martinez (R-FL) co-sponsored the compromise immigration legislation with Republican Charles Hagel of Nebraska. Martinez says the bill will provide more enforcement as well as a way for some of the people who have been in the United States illegally to gain legal status.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.