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Question: As States Take Pandemic Lead, Biden Is Said To Weigh At Least 2 Governors For VP

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One of a series of reports looking at Joe Biden's potential running mates  As the coronavirus spread across the country in March, President Trump held a conference call with the nation's governors and reportedly told them they should try to find their own supplies of ventilators and respirators. Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan's Democratic governor, said she couldn't believe it. "To hear the leader of the federal government telling us to work around the federal government because it's too slow is just kind of mind-boggling, to be honest," Whitmer told MSNBC. Trump fired back on Twitter, saying "'Half' Whitmer ... doesn't have a clue." And later, as the death toll in Michigan mounted, Trump said he told Vice President Pence to ignore governors who don't show enough appreciation. "Don't call the woman in Michigan," he said from the White House briefing room. The back and forth thrust Whitmer — a former Michigan Senate minority leader who has only been leading her state since early 2019 — into the national spotlight. It also previewed an ongoing theme of this pandemic — a debate over who should take the lead in managing the crisis. Now, Whitmer and another governor confronting the pandemic at the state level, Michelle Lujan Grisham of New Mexico, are two of the candidates reportedly said to be on Joe Biden's vice presidential shortlist. The presumptive Democratic presidential nominee said Tuesday that he plans to announce his pick next week. Lujan Grisham was New Mexico's health secretary before three terms in Congress, where she was chair of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, and then became governor in 2019.  Lujan Grisham had dealt with a flu outbreak as health secretary, and so she started preparing for the coronavirus when it spread abroad in January, rushing to secure testing supplies. She also issued early lockdown orders when there were just a few cases in New Mexico.  Still, she said she was surprised by the lack of a national strategy. "In my wildest dreams I would not be spending my own specific time finding testing supplies, and the right manufacturers, getting swabs and then chasing PPE," she recently told The Washington Post. The dynamic was unprecedented, said Kathleen Sebelius, the former Kansas governor who was secretary of health and human services under former President Barack Obama and was vetted for the vice presidency in 2008. "All governors found themselves in a very unique position, with a federal government who didn't want responsibility, so over and over again, governors have stepped into this vacuum," she said.  Governors seen "taking action" Former Michigan Gov. Jim Blanchard said that's why it's the perfect moment to put a governor on Biden's ticket. He is close with the Biden campaign and has advised several vice presidential searches for Democratic nominees.  "You know, until the virus, governors were in the shadows of government," he said. "It's been the senators who get all the attention because they're on all the cable shows every night." But Blanchard said that's changed. He said Whitmer and many other governors have shown calm under fire that has projected a stark contrast with Trump — one that could be useful for the Biden campaign. "Because it shows they're doing things," he said. "They care. They're taking action. They're not sitting around abdicating responsibility and finding someone to blame." Dr. Shauna Ryder Diggs, one of Michigan's representatives to the Democratic National Committee and a regent at the University of Michigan, said her patients have noticed the disconnect.  "People are starting to think more about leadership at the top," she said, "so they see the leadership they had from Gov. Whitmer and the state of Michigan, and now they're wondering if the same leadership out of Washington had taken place, perhaps [coronavirus outbreaks] wouldn't have been in these other states in July, almost August." On top of the pandemic, governors have faced an economic crisis and protests over police brutality and racial injustice. The protests have amplified calls for Biden to select a Black woman for his running mate. Ryder Diggs said Whitmer, who's white, responded to the protests with empathy. "I'm an African American woman and Gov. Whitmer, she's able to have honest conversations on race, and I think those interpersonal relationships she's able to have with all people, to feel that pain, and understand what those protests were really about," she said. Seeking advantages with a running mate In battleground Michigan, approval of Trump's handling of the coronavirus is under water. Whitmer's, though, has remained high despite protests and lawsuits over social distancing orders and her use of emergency powers.  According to a recent survey, 63% of Michiganders approved of Whitmer's handling of the coronavirus, compared with 41% for Trump. Whitmer flipped the governor's mansion blue in 2018, winning by 9 percentage points, and some Democrats think she could help bring home Michi

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: In The U.S., Flu Season Could Be Unusually Harsh This Year

Health officials are warning that the United States may have an unusually harsh flu season this year. But they stress that flu seasons are notoriously difficult to predict, and it's far too early to know for sure what may happen. The concern stems from several factors, including signs that the season started a few weeks earlier than usual. "When you have an early start with regional outbreaks, that is generally not a good sign," says Anthony Fauci, who directs the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. "Sometimes that's the forerunner of a serious season." An early start could mean a longer season, which could mean more people end up getting infected with the flu. Another reason for concern is that Australia had a severe flu season this year. "We generally follow in our season what happened in the Southern Hemisphere, such as in Australia," Fauci says. "And Australia had a particularly bad influenza season for a number of reasons." A major reason for Australia's struggle is that the main strain of flu circulating there was one known as H3N2. That kind of flu virus tends to make people sicker than other strains, especially the elderly. To make things worse, the flu vaccine appears to have been only about 10 percent effective against that strain in Australia. Part of the reason for that is that flu strains are constantly changing and the H3N2 strain used to make the vaccine mutated during production of the vaccine. This weakened the shot's effectiveness. "The mutation just happened to be in a very bad spot on the virus to make it essentially be a mismatch for the vaccine," Fauci says. The United States is using the same vaccine, and an H3N2 strain appears to be dominating outbreaks in this country so far too. "It looks like not only are we using the same vaccine, but the virus that was circulating in Australia appears to be the same virus that we're starting to see now in the outbreaks in the United States," Fauci says. But it could also turn out that the vaccine could be far more effective in the United States than it was in Australia, according to Brendan Flannery, an epidemiologist at the influenza division at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That's because a slightly different H3N2 strain could end up dominating in this country, for example. Another possibility is that other flu strains could become more common. The vaccine provides stronger protection against those. "It could be that we're going to have a severe season — and we have to prepare for that," Flannery says. "But it's early to make a prediction for this season." U.S. officials also think they have a better system than Australia for estimating vaccine effectiveness. Last year, the vaccine was 32 percent effective against the H3N2 flu strain in the United States. Another factor in America's favor is that "the U.S. population overall is more highly vaccinated than the Australian population," says Lynnette Brammer, another CDC epidemiologist. "So you may get some indirect effects of more people being vaccinated here." Arnold Monto, a professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, also noted that there's evidence that Australia didn't use antiviral drugs as aggressively as it could have when treating the flu. Regardless of what happens this year in the United States, infectious disease experts say it remains crucial that as many people get vaccinated as possible. "They need to get it not only to protect themselves but so that they don't spread it around to other people — their loved ones, folks at the gym, and at work and at religious services — who are more vulnerable," says William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tenn. "No one wants to be a dreaded spreader."

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Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: The Week In Review from 91.7 WVXU

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A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU.

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Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Nanotechnology Research and Development

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Guest: Irfan Ahmad, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the University of Illinois; Mark A. Shannon, Director of the Center of Advanced Materials for Purification of Water With Systems Center; Dietram A. Scheufele, Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Life Sciences Communication at the University of Wisconsin

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Vampire Weekend Comes Of Age In 'The City'

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The New York City band Vampire Weekend has carved out a sense of immaculate melancholy for our era as surely as Steely Dan once did for Upstate New York in the '70s. Characterized most immediately by the earnest, concise, sometimes surprisingly expansive vocals of Ezra Koenig, Vampire Weekend makes atmospheric music. The atmosphere calls attention to confusion, doubt and a feeling of purposeful aimlessness, all presented within exceedingly well-crafted choruses and precisely metered lyrics. Throughout the new Modern Vampires of the City, there are nods and bows — but never full commitments — to religion and a spiritual life. The singer asks to be held "in your everlasting arms"; he fetishizes a crucified or satanic "red right hand" in a song called "Worship You"; the band deploys the Latin phrase for "to God"; Koenig gets a thrill, in "Unbelievers," that only an invocation of the unearthly harmony of the Everly Brothers can do proper justice. Ultimately, however, the quest pursued on Modern Vampires of the City is not a religious one so much as a venture that Vampire Weekend makes to musically invoke the grandeur of pop. The big, booming drum sound that predominates here, the jittery and sometimes organ-like keyboards — these are sounds rooted in the comforts of pop history that provide Vampire Weekend with its secular faith. Modern Vampires finds sustenance in invoking songs ranging from Desmond Dekker's "Israelites" to The Rolling Stones' "19th Nervous Breakdown." It finds release in periodic explosions of rock 'n' roll. Like the New York-based, Whit Stillman-directed films that have frequently seemed like the cinematic predecessors to Vampire Weekend's post-prep-school music, these guys make eloquent, plaintive noise about the fellowship of people sharing their breakdowns with each other — and exchanging precisely worded jokes about the vulgar challenges of modern life. They don't find their redemption in communal worship so much as they find it in the company of clever yet fundamentally sincere people such as themselves. TERRY GROSS, HOST:  The band Vampire Weekend has released its third album called "Modern Vampires of the City." The band's chief lyricist, singer Ezra Koenig, has said that he's come to think of this new album as the third of a trilogy about growing up and maturing. Rock critic Ken Tucker has a review. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "OBVIOUS BICYCLE") EZRA KOENIG: (Singing) Morning's come. You watch the red sunrise. The early day still flickers in your eyes. Oh, you ought to spare your face the razor because no one's going to spare the time for you. No one's going to watch you as you... KEN TUCKER, BYLINE: Vampire Weekend is the New York City quartet that has carved out its own sense of immaculate melancholy for our era as surely as Steely Dan once did for Upstate New York in the '70s. Vampire Weekend, characterized most immediately by the earnest, concise, but sometimes surprisingly expansive vocals of Ezra Koenig, makes atmospheric music. The atmosphere is one that calls attention to confusion, doubt and a feeling of purposeful aimlessness, all presented within exceedingly well-crafted choruses and precisely metered lyrics. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "DON'T LIE") KOENIG: (Singing) One look sent knees to the ground. Young bloods can't be settling down. Young hearts need the pressure to pound. So hold me close my baby. Don't lie. I want him to know God's love's dying. Is he ready to go? It's the last time running through snow where the vaults are full and fire explodes. I want to know, does it bother you? The low click of the ticking clock. There's a lifetime right in front of you. And everyone I know. TUCKER: Throughout this album there are nods and bows - but never full commitments - to religion and a spiritual life. The way the singer asks to be held in your everlasting arms; the way he fetishizes a crucified or satanic red right hand in a song called "Worship You"; the way they deploy the Latin phrase for "to God"; the way he gets a thrill, in "Unbelievers," that only an invocation of the unearthly harmony of the Everly Brothers can do proper justice. (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "UNBELIEVERS") KOENIG: (Singing) Got a little soul. The world is a cold, cold place to be. Want a little warmth but who's going to save a little warmth for me? We know the fire awaits unbelievers, all of the sinners the same. Girl, you and I will die unbelievers bound to the tracks of the train. If I'm born again I know that the world will disagree. Want a little grace but who's going to say a little grace for me? (Singing) We know the fire awaits unbelievers, all of the sinners the same. Girl, you and I will die unbelievers, bound to the tracks of the train. I'm not excited... TUCKER: Ultimately, however, the quest pursued on "Modern Vampires of the City" is not a religious one so much as a venture that Vampire Weekend makes to musically invoke the grandeur of pop. The big, booming drum sound that predominates here, the jittery and

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Stories: 1) The Rise And Fall Of The Comanche 'Empire' 2) Jimmie Dale Gilmore: Classic Sounds On 'Heirloom Music' 3) A 'Paris' Review: Woody Allen, In Fine Form


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Question: Conductor Christopher Hogwood

Conductor Christopher Hogwood is man of the hour, and we start with a recording he made in 1987 with the Academy of Ancient Music. Timothy Brown is the soloist in the last movement from Franz Joseph Haydn's Horn Concerto in D. (L'Oiseau-Lyre 417 610-2)

Music Commentator MILO MILES reviews the latest CD by the Diablos REV. :Commentator DAGOBERTO GILB has some thoughts on his son and college.


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Question: Japan Grounds All Boeing Dreamliners

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The move came just hours after an All Nippon Airlines 787 was forced to make an emergency landing after the pilot detected an apparent problem with the planes electrical system.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- NTSB Team On Its Way To Investigate Amtrak Derailment. -- Spy Agency: North Korea Executes Its Defense Chief With Anti-Aircraft Guns. -- Jury Will Hear Final Arguments In Sentencing Of Boston Marathon Bomber. And here are more early headlines: U.S. Military Helicopter Still Missing In Nepal After Quake. (Reuters) Ceasefire Begins In Yemen; Iranian Ship Close To Yemeni Port. (France24) Agency Cuts Chicago Credit Rating To Junk Bond Status. (Crain's Chicago Business) Pakistani Gunmen Kill 42 Bus Passengers In Karachi. (CNN) Malaysia Now Rejecting New Rohingya Migrants. (Guardian) Nebraska Is 16th State To Identify Bird Flu In Flocks. (Time) Astronauts Put Off Return As Russia Investigates Failed Cargo Capsule. (Space.com) Bangladesh Bans Use Of National Anthem As Phone Ringtone. (BDNews24.com)


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'['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr.', 'The News Roundup — International']' == '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR.', 'The Chinese government announced this week that it will be carbon neutral by 2060. President Xi Jinping made a surprise commitment to drastically reduce its emissions to zero, after sustained pressure to take action on climate change. But experts have warned that the country offered few specifics about how it would reach this goal. Still, the news adds to\xa0increased pressure for the U.S. to commit to a similar goal. After weeks of civil unrest in Belatrus over an illegitimate re-election, President Alexander Lukashenko held a secret inauguration ceremony. Reports of the ceremony sparked new protests throughout the country and global condemnation. Both the European Union and the U.S. State Department are no longer recognizing Lukashenko as the legitimate president of the country. Alexei\xa0Navalny has been released from a German hospital after weeks of intensive care. The political rival of Russian President Vladimir Putin is believed to have been poisoned by a military-grade nerve agent. According to the German government and\xa0French and Swedish laboratories, the toxin used to poison the political leader was similar to those used in previous poisonings. The Kremlin has denied that\xa0Navalny was poisoned. \xa0 We wrap up all the week’s top global news and answer your questions.']' != '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven."]'

Question: Democratic Strategist and Congressman Rahm Emanuel

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Rahm Emanuel, an Illinois congressman and chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, explains his plan for the future of the Democratic Party and the broader American political system. Emanuel is a former senior advisor to Bill Clinton and co-author of "The Plan: Big Ideas for America." [pre-recorded]

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Kerry Calls for New Course in Iraq

In Florida, Sen. John Kerry continues attacks on George Bush for the president's approach in Iraq, also turning toward a more domestic message. NPR's Scott Horsley reports.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: The News Roundup — International

A new report from the United Nations says climate change puts us at “code red.” Wildfires burn across Europe and Africa, with at least 65 killed in Algeria alone. The Taliban continues to make headway in Afghanistan, as the White House continues to withdraw American troops. U.S. officials say Kabul could be captured in the next 30 days. And the Delta variant continues to take its toll worldwide, shutting down large parts of Australia. We look at the most important headlines from around the world on the global edition of the News Roundup.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: A rebroadcast of our discussion on group denial.

A rebroadcast of our discussion on group denial. We have all experienced it, a situation where everyone knows the secret but no one acknowledges the obvious truth. We talked with EVIATAR ZERUBAVEL author of  "The Elephant in the Room: Silence and Denial in Everyday Life." He is a professor of sociology at Rutgers University in New Brunswick. Originally aired 7/27/06

John with some thoughts about the census and religion.


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Question: Linguist Geoff Nunberg

Linguist Geoff Nunberg considers the way politicians and journalists are pronouncing place names associated with the war on Iraq.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Ted Talk, Slow Bern, Queen B Stings


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Question: An Anonymous Editor Thinks What The 'Times' Did Was Funny

At the end of a mildly amusing story about renovations at Manhattan's Port Authority Bus Terminal, The New York Times writes this:  "A second person who checked out the women's restroom — and who asked not to be identified because she has always wanted to be an anonymous source — reported her findings by email: 'Black shiny granite-y sink. Arched faucets by Sloan. Tasteful slate gray and powder gray tiles.' "  Is "always wanted to be an anonymous source" a valid reason to grant anonymity? No, Korva. But was it OK this time? Speaking anonymously because he doesn't want to be drummed out of the Noodge Union, an NPR editor said it felt fine, given the spirit of the story. "Always wanted to be an anonymous source" seems like a parody of the many questionable reasons the Times and other news outlets have granted anonymity in serious stories. There's a case to be made it worked in this rather cheeky report. Now, will Times' public editor Margaret Sullivan give this line a special place in her "AnonyWatch" series? For more about NPR's position on anonymity and related issues, see this post from last August:  "Reminder: Whether To Go With 'First-Name-Only' Needs To Be Discussed And Explained"  (H/T Evie Stone.)

Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball


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Question: George Zimmerman Auctioning Off Gun He Used To Kill Trayvon Martin

Updated 6:15 p.m. ET George Zimmerman, who fatally shot unarmed black teenager Trayvon Martin in Florida in 2012 and was acquitted of all charges in the case, said Thursday that he was auctioning off the gun that he says he used in that incident. The 9 mm pistol was initially listed for sale on GunBroker.com, posted by user "GZ1776." By Thursday afternoon, however, the listing for the auction, which was supposed to begin at 11 a.m., was no longer active. In a statement on GunBroker.com, the company wrote that it reserves "the right to reject listings at our sole discretion, and have done so with the Zimmerman listing. We want no part in the listing on our web site or in any of the publicity it is receiving." The statement also said:  "Late last night, George Zimmerman created a listing on our web site for the gun from the Trayvon Martin case four years ago. Mr. Zimmerman alerted news organizations that began reporting on the listing first thing this morning. "Listings on the GunBroker.com web site are user-generated, exactly like social media posts. Mr. Zimmerman never contacted anyone at GunBroker.com prior to or after the listing was created and no one at GunBroker.com has any relationship with Zimmerman."  NPR's Greg Allen reports that the website pulled Zimmerman's Kel-Tec pistol before the auction began. Greg adds that Zimmerman told the Orlando Sentinel that the website was not "prepared for the traffic and publicity surrounding the auction of my firearm." He then listed the gun for sale with another website, UnitedGunGroup.com, which the website confirmed on Twitter. That link is also not functioning. "The firearm for sale is the firearm that was used to defend my life and end the brutal attack from Trayvon Martin on 2/26/2012," the original listing on GunBroker.com stated. It went on to say the gun is fully functional and had been returned to Zimmerman by the Department of Justice. It concluded:  "I am proud to announce that a portion of the proceeds will be used to: fight [Black Lives Matter] violence against Law Enforcement officers, ensure the demise of Angela [Corey's] persecution career and Hillary Clinton's anti-firearm rhetoric. Now is your opportunity to own a piece of American History. Good Luck. Your friend, George M. Zimmerman ~Si Vis Pacem Para Bellum~ "  Angela Corey was the attorney leading the case against Zimmerman, who was charged with murder and manslaughter but acquitted after he claimed self-defense. Si vis pacem para bellum is Latin for "If you want peace, prepare for war." Zimmerman spoke with Fox 35 Orlando, a local news station, and confirmed that he is auctioning off the gun he says was used to shoot and kill Martin. He told the news station that he has received death threats, both before and after posting the listing. "What I've decided to do is not cower," he told Fox 35 Orlando. "I'm a free American. I can do what I want with my possessions." The station also spoke with an attorney for Martin's family, who said the Trayvon Martin Foundation is "laser focused" on ending gun violence and "has no comments on the actions of that person." The auction was set to begin Thursday at 11 a.m., with a starting price of $5,000. The site on which the gun was listed first, GunBroker.com, has made headlines in relation to the Martin case before. In 2012, shooting targets showing a hooded figure holding Skittles and iced tea — the items Martin was carrying the night he died — were reportedly advertised on the website. GunBroker.com told Reuters the ads were removed as soon as the company was aware of them.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Week in Review: Obama on Race, Passport Breaches

This week, Sen. Barack Obama delivered a far-ranging speech about race in America. And two contract workers at the State Department were fired after illegally accessing the presidential candidates' passport files.  Susan Stamberg and Daniel Schorr discuss the week's news. SUSAN STAMBERG, host:  This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. Scott Simon is away. I'm Susan Stamberg.  This week, Senator Barack Obama picked up a key endorsement from New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson, and he responded to criticisms of his former pastor with a far-ranging speech about race in America.  Senator John McCain set out on an extensive trip overseas to meet with foreign leaders. And two contract workers at the State Department were fired after illegally accessing the passport files of all three presidential candidates.  NPR's senior news analyst, Dan Schorr, joins us. Hi, Dan.  DANIEL SCHORR: Hi, Susan, nice to be doing business with you again.  STAMBERG: I agree. Let's start with this really fascinating passport story. So there's two contractors. They were fired for snooping through the passport applications of the candidates. What is to find on a passport? What do you think this was about?  SCHORR: Well you know, this Stanley Inc. has a contract worth $570 million in order to provide what are called support services through the passport division of the State Department.  There is a certain amount of information in your passport file, depending what one's looking for, and I won't try to spell it all out, but it has to do with what countries you may have visited, things about your life.  You know, this whole thing would remind me of something that was called opposition research, in which you would try to get information for opposition research. In this case, however, the targets of it were all three presidential candidates, which would make it unlikely. So it remains something of a mystery, but that this was people digging in for some reason that was not very nice seems to be clear.  STAMBERG: Yeah, Senator Obama picked up a key endorsement on Friday. Bill Richardson, the governor of New Mexico, he said he decided to endorse Obama after he heard that speech on race. How significant is this endorsement, Dan, and what did you think about the speech?  SCHORR: Two questions, yes. That was a very important endorsement because there's been a certain amount of tension between Hispanics and blacks, and there was a question of where the Hispanic vote would end up. This is a very prominent Hispanic, Governor Richardson, and they treated that thing rightly, as a key endorsement.  STAMBERG: And the Obama speech?  SCHORR: And the Obama speech. The Obama speech I thought was wonderful. Here was an easy way for anybody to get into a whole lot of trouble, by trying to repudiate the Reverend Wright or trying to distance himself from him, and that would be, if he were scared, the normal thing to do.  He converted that embarrassment into an opportunity. It gave him a chance to talk at great length about the previous generation of African-Americans and the fact that the younger ones can now perhaps put it behind, but that we must recognize that it is not yet all behind us.  STAMBERG: Senator McCain was busy traveling this week. He went to Iraq, Jordan, Israel. He met with the prime minister of Great Britain, Gordon Brown; the president of France, Monsieur Sarkozy. Is this part of a strategy now to polish his image when it comes to foreign policy?  SCHORR: Susan, everything is part of a strategy.  (Soundbite of laughter)  SCHORR: The only question: What is the strategy? In this case, I would agree with you that since it's constantly said that Senator McCain doesn't have enough foreign policy experience, he's loading up on foreign policy experience, and nobody will ever again be able to say that he hasn't visited enough countries.  STAMBERG: And soon, they'll start looking at his passport even more closely. Anyway, one very grim anniversary this week, five years since the start of the war in Iraq. Vice President Richard Cheney made a surprise visit there. He gave a speech at Balad Air Force Base and said that the troop surge has been a major success. The vice president also stopped in Iraq, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Israel - how come?  SCHORR: Well, one thing is that Saudi Arabia must be very important. I'm sure there must be - hey, can you really produce a little more oil than you're producing? The trip to Saudi Arabia would be nothing if it didn't include talking to the king and saying, hey, fellows, we need some more oil.  For the rest, it is simply trying to establish the administration's position in the Middle East, which has been under severe trial so far, and it fits the pattern of trying to show by constant traveling that you're doing something, but motion is not the same as action.  STAMBERG: Let's talk about the economy, up and down, roller coasters, a partial recovery this week of stocks after last week's slam-down in the wake of the F

Good morning! Our early headlines: Twitter Announces It Can Now Block Content By Country Signaling Modest Growth, U.S. GDP Grew At 2.8 Percent In Fourth Quarter Costa Offers Italian Cruise Passengers $14K In Compensation Suicide Blast Kills 32 In Baghdad Other stories that are making headlines: Read More Obama Plan Links College Aid With Affordability (The New York Times) Romney smacks down Gingrich at debate (The Los Angeles Times) Novak Djokovic outlasts Andy Murray (ESPN) Ford: Biggest profit since '98 (CNN) Cocaine Is Delivered to U.N. (The Wall Street Journal) Obama Says Encounter With Arizona Gov. 'Blown Out of Proportion' (ABC News)


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Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

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Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: A Church Divided Over Gay Clergy: Report

Episcopalians in the Fresno-based Diocese of San Joaquin decide Saturday whether to sever ties with their national denomination and align themselves with an Anglican branch overseas. A vote in favor of a split may lead San Joaquin to become the first diocese in the nation to completely secede from the U.S. church.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2.


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Question: Central America Trade Deal a Hard Sell

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Mitt Romney says Donald Trump lacks the temperament and the integrity to be president – and that the GOP should pick one of the other three candidates. He says, the only serious policy proposals that deal with the broad range of national challenges we confront today, come from Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, and John Kasich. One of these men should be our nominee.” He tells a University of Utah audience that “dishonesty is Donald Trump’s hallmark.” The 2012 GOP presidential nominee says Trump imagined that he saw Muslims celebrating the September 11, 2001 attacks in New Jersey. He adds: “His imagination must not be married to real power.” \nRead the full transcript of Mitt Romney’s remarks\n   Guest\n\nDon Gonyea, national political correspondent for NPR. He tweets @DonGonyea.']" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Romney: GOP Should Pick Cruz, Rubio Or Kasich – Not Trump']"

Having passed the 100-day mark in his second term, President Bush has already harvested most of the low-hanging fruit from the legislative tree on that big hill where Pennsylvania Avenue begins.   Larger Republican majorities in both the House and Senate have yielded the Oval Office a respectable crop of bills -- stricter rules for bankruptcy filings, shifting class-action lawsuits from state to federal courts, and approving another $76 billion to fuel the Pentagon's efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan.   Now comes the tough part.  The issues the president wants now will be harder to harvest. Congress has shown little enthusiasm for the president's push to restructure and partially privatize Social Security; a potentially institution-paralyzing fight looms in the Senate over the federal court candidates the president insisted on renominating; and the Senate, even as it continues its regular work, is daring Mr. Bush to exercise the first veto of his presidency by pushing for a highway bill whose price tag exceeds the limit set by the White House.   Did I mention trade?  Have you heard President Bush mention trade? If you haven't, that may change very soon.  That's because the president now seems left with little choice but to dust off a trade deal he signed nearly a year ago and send it to Congress for ratification.  What's at stake is the credibility of the United States in keeping a forward momentum in the often fractious and politically fraught movement for worldwide trade liberalization.  What's also at stake is Mr. Bush's own credibility as a second term president -- and whether he's able to keep moving his agenda through a Congress whose Republican majorities may be more concerned about winning next year's midterm elections than about keeping chief presidential adviser Karl Rove happy.   The trade deal in question is the Central American Free Trade Agreement, or CAFTA.  It's something of a logical progression from the NAFTA trade pact with Mexico and Canada that Congress ratified and President Clinton signed in 1993.  And its backers, including Mr. Bush, hope it will help keep hope alive among the Western Hemisphere's nations for the long-promised but repeatedly postponed Pan-American trade pact, the Free Trade Area of the Americas.   Even when he put his signature on CAFTA last May, the president knew another trade deal was likely to be a hard sell in Congress -- after all, the renewal of so-called fast track trade deal negotiating authority for the administration, had squeaked through the House in 2002 by just one vote.   NAFTA had turned a $2 billion trade surplus with Mexico into a $45 billion deficit with that country. American firms had closed their factories on this side of the border to set up shop in Mexico. And undocumented Mexicans continued to sneak across the border despite the trade deal that was supposed to keep them home.  What's more, expanded trade with China has led to huge trade deficits with that nation, with both Republicans and Democrats in Congress charging that China's cheating on trade agreements. Given that adverse climate and the political reality that lawmakers faced in last November's elections, the White House made no effort last year to send CAFTA to Capitol Hill.  But the first anniversary of the pact's signing comes up later this month and the White House is now pushing for congressional action.  Ohio Republican Rob Portman has left the House for the cabinet-level job of U.S. Trade Representative, and his extensive ties with lawmakers on both sides of the aisle will surely help the Bush administration make its case for CAFTA.  Moreover, the president's meeting at the White House with Central American leaders this week shines an even brighter spotlight on a trade deal that's been largely ignored by the general public.   The problem, of course, is that many in Congress still aren't buying CAFTA.  Even some members who consider themselves free traders, such as California House Democrat Ellen Tauscher, say they can't vote for the trade deal as it stands today.  Tauscher's opposition is significant; she heads a group of 40 centrist House Democrats whose support for CAFTA is seen as crucial.  But so far, only a couple of House Democrats have said they're backing the trade deal.    The Senate appears even less inclined to back CAFTA.   Opponents cite everything from what they see as inadequate labor and environmental protections to concerns that the deal will eliminate more U.S. textile jobs.  The most widespread and powerful objection, though, has to do with the most protected of all U.S. farm products: sugar.  CAFTA would nearly double quotas for the amount of sugar Central America nations can export to the United States, a prospect that's set off alarm bells from the cane fields of the Gulf Coast states to the sugar beet farms of the Upper Midwest.   CAFTA's proponents claim the increased quotas don't amount to much -- perhaps a tablespoon a week more per U.S. inhabitant -- bu

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Show 335 | Danville KY

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From Danville, Kentucky, this week's From the Top features a 10-year-old violinist performing the music of Edward Elgar — she also shares some colorful stories of growing up in Kentucky with her 6 siblings. Also on the program, a beautifully detailed classical guitar performance by a young man from South Carolina and Chopin performed by a talented teenager from Massachusetts.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Lazy About Your Online Passwords? Take Control With These New Tips

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A couple of hours can go a long way toward making your data secure from criminals. It's a hassle, but you'll be forever safe from malicious forces.

We look at the origins of three new media giants: Before They Ruled The World, They Were Grad Students; The Very Long Road to Very Short Messages; and Turning Nerds with Webcams Into Stars (Who Are Still Nerds With Webcams).


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Question: Later This Hour Martin

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Later this hour Martin will be talking to pianist Andre-Michel Schub (ah(n)-dray mee-shell SHOOB) about his new career as artistic director of the Virginia Waterfront International Arts Festival's Chamber Music Series. For now, Schub lets his piano do the talking for him. In a performance he gave at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., last year, Schub plays the Impromptu in E- flat major, Op. 90, No. 2 by Franz Schubert. (National Gallery Audio Services)

Uncle Don's Ego; The 500 Million Dollar Man; Alexander Shamilton.


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Question: NPR: 04-09-2008 Fresh Air

Stories: 1) With 'Accelerate,' R.E.M. Hits Top Speed Again 2) Pushing Chinese Taboos in 'Lust, Caution'

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Obama: Keep Senate Health Talks In High Gear

President Obama on Thursday encouraged senators not to give up on the health insurance overhaul during a lengthy meeting with bipartisan members of the Senate Finance Committee.  Three Democrats and three Republicans briefed Obama on efforts to craft a bill that would cover most Americans and pare down the price tag,  a projected $1 trillion over 10 years. "The president's message to them is to continue to work and find consensus on an issue that we know they've been working hard on and is very important to the American people," White House spokesman Robert Gibbs told reporters at an afternoon briefing. Gibbs said it's unclear how close the senators are to reaching an agreement. He said the gathering was merely a briefing, not a negotiating session. Committee Chairman Max Baucus (D-MT) hasn't released details of the proposed legislation, but The Washington Post reported Thursday that it cuts $100 billion off the cost and drops the government-run insurance option pushed by Obama.  The bill also would cover 94 percent of Americans, and would tax the health care plans with the most generous coverage, the newspaper said. Baucus and fellow Democrats Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico and Kent Conrad of North Dakota were expected to continue negotiations with Republicans during the Senate's August break, according to the Post.  Sens. Chuck Grassley of Iowa, Mike Enzi of Wyoming and Olympia Snowe of Maine are negotiating for the GOP. Baucus had set a Sept. 15 deadline for resolving issues and moving forward with a bill, but it was unclear Thursday whether that will be possible. Obama has said he wants to sign a bill by the end of the year, and has linked the overhaul to the nation's overall economic health. On Wednesday, he announced that billions in grants would go toward making the United States a leader in the production of electric vehicles and batteries. But he said cost-cutting measures in the health overhaul are necessary for growth. "Of course, in order to lead in the global economy and ensure that our businesses can grow and innovate, we also have to pass health insurance reform that brings down costs," he told the crowd at a factory in Wakarusa, Ind. He promised the workers at Navistar International Corp. that the health insurance overhaul would be passed by the end of the year. So far, three House committees and the Senate health committee have approved bills — all without Republican support. Obama has been on the road in recent weeks, pushing a plan that would cover all Americans and prevent insurance companies from denying coverage for pre-existing conditions or serious illness. He has also stressed that parts of the plan would be good for Americans' health as well as their pocketbooks. Under the overhauled system, insurance companies would have to pay the full costs of routine tests that help prevent illness, such as mammograms. There would also be annual and lifetime caps on what consumers have to pay for deductibles, copays and other out-of-pocket expenses, he has said. Republicans and Democrats have expressed worries about how the plan would be financed.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Texas Fertilizer Plant Blast Killed Several, Injured Dozens -- Boston Marathon Explosions: Thursday's Developments -- Ricin Suspect Described As Conspiracist, Elvis Impersonator -- Jobless Claims Rose Slightly Last Week -- Book News: Vast 'Digital Public Library Of America' Opens Today Other stories making headlines: -- "North Korea Sets Conditions For Return To Talks." (The New York Times) -- "Musharraf Flees Pakistan Court As Judges Order His Arrest." (The Globe and Mail) -- "I'm Furious," Former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-Ariz.) Writes After Gun Bills Fail In Senate. (The New York Times) -- "After Gun Defeat, Where Does Obama Go From Here?" (Roll Call) -- "Obama Uses And Loses Political Capital On Gun Control." (It's All Politics)


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University


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Question: Is Romney 'Nervous' In London?

The Olympics kick off with the opening ceremony Friday, but the race for the White House is already in full swing. Mitt Romney is oversees trying to boost his foreign policy credentials, while President Obama is speaking out about gun violence here in the United States. Host Michel Martin speaks with two former White House communications staffers: Corey Ealons and Mary Kate Cary.

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This Morning:Columnist Bob Novak Stands by Obama Dirt Story This Evening:Poll: Obama Leading Among Dems in Iowa What say you?


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Question: At 81, Feminist Gloria Steinem Finds Herself Free Of The 'Demands Of Gender'

As she approached 60, the co-founder of Ms. magazine says, she entered a new phase in life, one in which "you can do what you want." Originally broadcast Oct. 26, 2015.

Stories: 1) How Birth Control And Abortion Became Politicized 2) Life Without Plot In 'Leaving The Atocha Station' 3) 'Four The Record,' Lambert Comes To Terms With Herself


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Question: Jose Padilla Convicted of Terrorism Support

Jose Padilla was convicted of federal terrorism support charges after being held for three and a half years as an enemy combatant in a case that came to symbolize the Bush administration's zeal to stop homegrown terror.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- New Reports Of Chemical Weapons In Syria; Dozens May Be Dead. -- School Clerk In Georgia Persuaded Gunman To Lay Down Weapons. -- Kodak Reinvents Itself, Judge Approves Bankruptcy Exit. -- Book News: Barnes & Noble Founder Pulls Plug On Buyback Plan. Other news: -- "New Details Show Broader NSA Surveillance Reach." (The Wall Street Journal) -- "Marian McPartland, 'Piano Jazz' Host, Has Died." (The Record) -- Army Pfc. Bradley Manning To Be Sentenced For Leaking "Reams Of Classified Information." (The Associated Press) -- "Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood Appears At Risk Of Falling Apart." (The Washington Post) -- U.S. Soldier Who Killed 16 Afghan Civilians Faces Angry Villagers At Sentencing Hearing. (The Associated Press) -- Family Of James DiMaggio Requests DNA Samples From Family Of Hannah Anderson. (CNN.com)


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Question: Bronzer Pastures for a Legendary Racehorse

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The Mendocino County town of Willits was once home to Seabiscuit, one of the greatest racehorses of all time. In the 1930s and '40s, Seabiscuit defied the odds and raced his way to fame and fortune before retiring to Ridgewood Ranch in Willits, where he spent his final years. This week Seabiscuit returned to Willits in the form of a life-size bronze statue.

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


Question: Dean Calls Wisconsin Win Vital

Former Vermont governor Howard Dean tells supporters in Wisconsin that he must win the state's Feb. 17 primary if he is to remain a viable candidate in the Democratic presidential race. Frustration is seeping into the Dean campaign, which has failed to translate millions of dollars in campaign funds and hordes of eager volunteers into a victory at the polls. Hear NPR's Robert Smith.

Stories: 1) 'Colbert Show' Back From Iraq 2) Wussy: Strong Work, And Not Without Pain


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Question: Lessons From A ‘Tell Me More’ Road Trip

I am the type of person who has a hard time with change. I recently painted my bedroom and, afterwards, had a really hard time getting used to it – because it is different. It didn’t matter that it was much better than the hideous wallpaper that had been removed. My sisters tease me about hesitating to change and update things like my wardrobe or my hairdo. Before I recently joined the talented folks on the Tell Me More staff, I had been working for the same company, in the same city, in the same building -- for 24 years. I had several different jobs and I traveled all over the country and the world, but it was all with the same company. I started a few weeks after graduation, moved through a number of interesting and exciting positions that, for the most part, I enjoyed. I was intellectually challenged, comfortable and it was hard to even contemplate change. But change is all around me. Michel Martin, producer Brakkton Booker and I have left our home in Studio 4B at NPR headquarters for the day. Michel is hosting Tell Me More from member station WDET, which is on the campus of Wayne State University in Detroit.  We will be discussing the results and implications of yesterday’s midterm elections with a number of guests, including Rochelle Riley who writes for the Detroit Free Press. And, we’re excited that two stars from the new ABC police drama “Detroit 1-8-7” -- Michael Imperioli, who played Christopher Moltisanti in “The Sopranos,” and James McDaniel , who played Lt. Arthur Fancy on “NYPD Blue” -- will be joining us at WDET’s studios. When Michel and I were on our way to catch the flight to Michigan, I encountered even more change. An agent waved a little chemical-seeking wand over my hand and, for reasons unbeknownst to me, it came back positive.  Both my bags and I had been flagged for extra screening. I had recently read or heard a brief story about some new security measures the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was instituting. While two TSA agents took my bags and went through everything with a fine-toothed comb, another agent took me into a glass-enclosed area for the newly instituted pat-down. I know the nice young lady working for TSA was only doing her job. I understand that we need stringent security measures because there are people out there who are working really  hard to terrorize us and blow up our planes. I also realize that I was headed to Detroit -- the very same city the plane carrying the underwear bomber was headed to last Christmas Day when he tried to blow it out of the air.  Still, it was hard to accept this different and totally invasive pat-down.  I stood there in shock as the TSA agent touched me in private places, checking my undergarments – top and bottom, front and back – for dangerous explosives. I let the agent know that if I hadn’t heard about the recent changes, I would have thought she was a criminal and I would have reported her for molesting me. Really. The pat-down was that invasive. She let me know it’s no bag of laughs for her to conduct these pat-downs several times a day. For the most part, both of us have grudgingly accepted this new reality as necessary. After clearing the extra security hurdle, I was slightly agitated, but got on the flight to Detroit.  I looked out of the window as the plane descended over Lake Erie and then as we coasted above the tree line while preparing to land.  I noted that while many trees in Washington, D.C. still have some of their leaves and spectacular fall color, the colder weather in Michigan has left most trees here nearly bare. The seasons have changed. No surprise there.  It’s November.  The midterm elections are over and when we woke up this morning, there was a changed political landscape as well.  While the Democrats retained control of the U.S. Senate, Republicans now control the lower house of Congress.  House Republican Leader John Boehner will be the next speaker of the House.  I just hope politicians on both sides of the aisle -- Democrats and Republicans --  can approach their jobs like that TSA agent. She didn’t necessarily agree with or like these newly instituted pat-downs, but she got the job done.

Stories: 1) Learning Your Sister Is 'Someone Else's Twin' 2) 'Sex On Six Legs': When Insects Go Wild 3) Teens, Sex And Tech Tear A 'Beautiful Life' Apart


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Question: Lifestyle Factors May Alter Genetic Traits, Study Finds

A new scientific study appearing in this week's issue of the journal Nature is challenging familiar ideas about genetic inheritance. We can't change the genes we received from our parents. But our genes are controlled by a kind of instruction manual made up of billions of chemical markers on our DNA, and those instructions can be rewritten by our circumstances -- for instance, by obesity. According to the new research, they can even be passed along to children. The study was directed by Margaret Morris, an obesity researcher at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. Morris had previously explored the reasons why the children of obese mothers often become overweight themselves. But her attention shifted when a new graduate student from Malaysia arrived in her laboratory. "She noted, in a clinic, that when a child arrived for weight management, usually both parents were obese, not just the mother," says Morris. This wasn't too surprising. It makes sense that if a father is genetically predisposed to obesity, his daughter might be, too. But Morris wondered whether she might be seeing more than genes at work. The Consequences Of Overeating Morris set up an experiment with lab rats to see if the biological consequences of a father overeating could somehow get passed on to his daughters. "This is a study that I did for love," she says. "I didn't really have much funding for it. I had to crib money from all over to do it." Morris took a group of genetically identical male rats, and put half of them on a high-fat diet. Predictably, those rats got fat and suffered symptoms of diabetes. Then all the rats mated with normal females and had children. Morris looked specifically at the daughters. All of them had a similar genetic makeup, but those with overweight fathers had some of the same problems that their dads did. They weren't overweight, but their production of insulin was impaired. This finding is fascinating, says Andy Feinberg, at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore. "In a way it's saying the metabolic sins of the father can be visited on the daughters, even if the daughters haven't been conceived yet," he says. The Grammar Of DNA Feinberg thinks he knows how this may be happening. It's an example of an "epigenetic" effect, which is his specialty. This field -- epigenetics -- is getting a lot of attention these days. It refers to things in and around our DNA, such as billions of chemical markers that attach to it. Those markers are signals that turn genes on and off. They tell the genes of a liver cell to behave differently from genes in a blood cell, for instance. The sequence of our DNA -- the human genome -- has been called the book of life. Feinberg has his own metaphor for the billions of added signals that he studies. If the genetic sequence is the words of the book, the epigenome is the grammar, he says. "It helps to tell what the genes are actually supposed to do, and puts them in context." Our genes don't change, or if they do, it's a rare and random event. But the grammar of the epigenome is changing all the time. It can also be disrupted by chemicals we eat or breathe. Apparently it can also be disrupted by obesity, because Feinberg thinks those fat dad rats in Australia created sperm cells with a different pattern of epigenetic marks on their DNA; that's how the effect showed up in their children. Michael Skinner at Washington State University in Pullman says epigenetic effects are swinging the pendulum of scientific attention from the genetic code back toward the impact of environment. "I think that we're eventually going to have sort of a merger of this," he says. "I think that we're going to have an appreciation of the fact that there is an environmental influence on biology that probably through more epigenetic mechanisms. There's also a baseline genetic element of biology. And the two combined will actually give us more information about how things work." Much of epigenetics is still a mystery. Scientists would like to know, for instance, how often epigenetic signals are passed on from parent to child, or even grandchild. So Morris, in Australia, is hoping to repeat her experiment and see if the effect persists over multiple generations.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Weekly Standard: Time To Respond To Inequality

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Matthew Continetti is opinion editor of The Weekly Standard. Over the last few weeks the ground of American politics has shifted to the left. The process began when President Obama's tour to promote his jobs bill improved his standing in some polls and forced Republicans to play defense. Next came Occupy Wall Street, which gave the media an excuse to put questions of "social justice" at the top of their agenda. The Congressional Budget Office then released a report highlighting increased income inequality and seeming to prove Occupy Wall Street's claim that the top 1 percent of Americans might as well live in a different country. Toss in a couple glimmers of economic hope — an improved third-quarter GDP number, a slightly falling unemployment rate — and the recipe for the left-liberal revival was set. The right? Caught off guard. Too quick to dismiss the occupiers, too convinced that the bad economy will doom Obama's reelection, too distracted by the silliness of the Republican primary, too beholden to the egalitarian assumptions of the left, Republicans and conservatives have not responded coherently to the arguments put forward by their newly invigorated opponents. Only Representative Paul Ryan of Wisconsin, in a major speech at the Heritage Foundation on Oct. 26, sounded the alarm: "Sowing social unrest and class resentment makes America weaker, not stronger," he said. "Pitting one group against another only distracts us from the true sources of inequity in this country — corporate welfare that enriches the powerful, and empty promises that betray the powerless." Ryan is just one man. The rebuttal to Obama, Occupy Wall Street, and other eminent egalitarians cannot be left to him alone. How to respond when Paul Krugman writes in the New York Times that income inequality puts "the whole nature of our society" at risk? Who will challenge George Packer's self-contradiction when he writes in Foreign Affairs, "By contemporary standards, life in 1978 was inconvenient, constrained, and ugly. .  .  . But from where we stand in 2011, [it looks] pretty good" because the distribution of income was more equal then than it is today? Who will confront the left on the nature of equality? What too many have done is accept the premise that the purpose of government is to lessen inequalities of goods. To dispute the studies on income inequality is not to deny the presupposition on which those studies rest. To argue that "income inequality is a myth" is to imply that, if income inequality were not a myth, there would be a problem. As soon as one runs to social science's vast library of Babel, where a study can be found to prove practically anything, one is conceding valuable ground. Another group of conservatives has no problem with such concessions. They grant that the social science is right and that American society should be more egalitarian. They differ with the liberals only in the kind of measures they would have government take to address inequality. Where the liberals would increase taxes to fund universal health care and pensions and welfare, the conservatives would increase only some taxes, means-test entitlements, spend more money on education, and try to arrest through government action the erosion of the two-parent family. As soon as they make these proposals, however, they expose themselves to the argument that such policies are not enough. And if that is the case, and if a more equal society is a laudable goal, these "small-government egalitarians" have backed themselves into one day accepting the liberals' means to achieve the liberals' ends. The way out is to reject the assumption that government's purpose is to redress inequalities of income. Inequalities of condition are a fact of life. Some people will always be poorer than others. So too, human altruism will always seek to alleviate the suffering of the destitute. There is a place for reasonable and prudent actions to improve well-being. But that does not mean the entire structure of our polity should be designed to achieve an egalitarian ideal. Such a goal is fantastic, utopian even, and one would think that the trillions of dollars the United States has spent in vain over the last 50 years to promote "equality as a fact and equality as a result" would give the egalitarians pause. Continue reading at The Weekly Standard.

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Stories: 1) Seymour Hersh: Obama To Spotlight Syria 2) The Ghost Of Populism Walks Again — Again


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Question: Tuition Hikes Outpace Student-Aid Increases

Among the immutable laws of physics that students learn about, here's one Newton never dreamed of: The cost of going to college always goes in one direction. Here's another: As student aid goes up, college costs rise faster.    According to Sandy Baum, senior policy analyst with the College Board, the average price of college is continuing to rise more rapidly than the consumer price index, and more rapidly than average prices in the economy.  This past year, the biggest jump in prices occurred at the nation's four-year public schools, where the sticker price went up 6.6 percent to more than $6,000 a year. At private schools, the increase was slightly smaller. But prices at private schools are much higher — close to $24,000 a year — so that slightly smaller percentage increase hurts much more.   But almost no one pays the sticker price out of their own pockets. Three-quarters of full-time undergraduates receive some form of student assistance.   So as colleges charge an average $6,000 per year, students will pay an average $2,600. At private schools, students pay a bit more than half of the $24,000 price tag.    Student Aid Gap  According to Baum, student aid continues to grow, but not as fast as tuition, and not enough to make up for the difference between family incomes and the price of college.  Experts say that small increases in the amount of tuition that families actually pay can convince some that they can't afford to send a child to school.    Now, these numbers are all averages taken from students and schools across the country. Robert Shireman of the Project on Student Debt says averages mask some of the pain families are feeling.       "And one way to look at what is happening with actual families is to look at their debt levels," Shireman said. "We know that those are going up at a rate that is even faster than the increase of prices at the institution."    The cost of tuition doesn't account for room and board, which has not been increasing much, but it still costs much more than tuition does at public institutions. That fact can pinch low-income students in particular, who pay a much higher portion of the family income to go to school.    So how is a family supposed to choose a college when they have little idea of how much of that sticker price they will have to pay?  Shireman has been working with 30 schools that already disclose that information up front.   According to Shireman, a prospective student tells a school his or her family income or ability to pay. The school then calculates how much money — on top of the expected contribution — the family would need to take out in loans or work-study in order to make up the difference.   Colleges and universities say families should not expect the upward trend in costs to stop any time soon. They say that increases in costs for energy and health care will continue to drive their prices up. MICHELE NORRIS, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Michele Norris.  MELISSA BLOCK, host:  And I'm Melissa Block.  What goes up must come down, right? Well, here is an immutable law that Isaac Newton probably never dreamed of. The cost of going to college always goes in one direction. Guess which way. Here is another law. As student aid goes up, college costs rise faster.  NPR's Larry Abramson reports.  LARRY ABRAMSON: Bad news first. According to Sandy Baum, senior policy analyst with the College Board…  Dr. SANDY BAUM (Senior Policy Analyst, College Board): The average price of college is continuing to rise more rapidly than the consumer price index, more rapidly than average prices in the economy.  ABRAMSON: This past year, the biggest jump in prices occurred at the nation's four-year public schools, where the sticker price went up 6.6 percent to over $6,000 a year. At private schools, the increase was slightly smaller, but prices at private schools are way higher. So that slightly smaller percentage hurts much more.  But almost no one pays the sticker price. Three-quarters of full-time undergraduates get some form of student aid. And according to Sandy Baum…  Dr. BAUM: Student aid continues to grow.  ABRAMSON: So remember when I said that public universities now charge over $6,000 a year? The average student will only pay about $2600. At private schools, students pay a bit more than half of the $24,000 price tag. So that's good news, right? Well, let's let Sandy Baum finish her sentence.  Dr. BAUM: Student aid continues to grow, but not as fast as tuition, and not enough to make up for the difference between the price of college and family income.  ABRAMSON: And according to experts, small increases in the actual tuition, can persuade some families that can't afford to send a child to school. Now, these numbers are all averages taken from students and schools across the country.  Robert Shireman of the Project on Student Debt says averages mask some of the pain families are feeling.  Mr. ROBERT SHIREMAN (Director, Project on Student De

Good morning. Our early posts: -- U.K.  Prime Minister To Gadhafi: 'It Is Over, Give Up' -- Swiss  Bank UBS Says Rogue Trader Caused $2 Billion Loss Other top headlines of the day so far: -- "For A Marine Hero, A Medal Of Honor." (Morning Edition) -- "New Foreclosures Surge During August In Hardest-Hit Markets." (Los Angeles Times) -- "Obama Green-Tech Program That Backed Solyndra Struggles  To Create Jobs." (The Washington Post) -- "As Influence Of Islamists Rises, Hard Questions For Libya." (The New York Times) -- University Of California Tuition "Could Rise By 16% A Year." (San Francisco Chronicle)


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Question: NPR Bestsellers: Paperback Fiction, Week Of October 18, 2012

At No. 10, Amor Towles' Rules of Civility begins with a chance encounter on New Year's Eve 1937.

Stories: 1) Charting The Career Of 'Iron' Mike Tyson (Part 1) 2) Talking 'Tyson' With Filmmaker James Toback 3) Charting The Career Of 'Iron' Mike Tyson (Part 2)


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Question: Cotton Jones: Folk-Pop Grows Up

With an intriguing mix of country and melancholy psychedelia, Cotton Jones' debut album, Paranoid Cocoon, is one of the most soulful releases to pop up in recent months. Frontman Mike Nau (of Page France) started the band as a side project with bandmate Whitney McGraw, but it soon became his main focus. After a few EPs, extensive touring and a name change, Cotton Jones' first full-length studio disc is finally available.  On Paranoid Cocoon, Nau and McGraw create a mature, oddly woodsy feel, with strikingly evocative and despondent lyrics. Nau's baritone, which recalls that of Lee Hazlewood, sings of forgotten happiness and missed chances, evoking charming sadness throughout the new record.

Stories: 1) Saxophone Stylings, With A South-Asian Flair 2) Green Goes Blue With 'Grant's First Stand' 3) 'Her Peers': A Gutsy Anthology Of Women Writers


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Question: Alabama Immigration Law Faces Challenge In Court

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Ala.'s controversial immigration law is set to take effect starting September. The U.S. Justice Department, civil rights groups and a coalition of religious leaders are challenging the law in court. Ala. state Rep. Mac Buttram voted for the law. Birmingham pastor R.G. Lyons penned a letter opposing the law, which 150 ministers signed. Both speak with Michel Martin.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Scott Simon:  "Windy City" (Random House) (Rebroadcast)

Simon's new novel serves up a murder and the foibles, scandals, and ambitions of local leaders in Chicago's brash, multi-ethnic politics.

The Atlanta Symphony Brass Quintet, plays the Fanfare from the 1968 Olympics (Mexico City) "Bugler's Dream," by Leo Arnaud (ahr-NOH). (ACA Digital/Horton Systems/NPR)


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Question: Sing Out Mr. President: Eisenhower's Cold War Strength

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Throughout February, hear new works by contemporary composers based on words of 16 American presidents, in recordings by conductor Judith Clurman and Essential Voices USA. Today, Paul Moravec sets Dwight D. Eisenhower's words to music.  When Americans elected Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, they chose a man of military muscle. The five-star general, who earned his stripes under John J. Pershing and Douglas MacArthur, commanded the Allied forces in World War II, landing troops in North Africa in 1942 and in Normandy on D-Day in 1944. So it's no surprise that the West Point graduate (and former linebacker) would have strong language about preserving America's freedom in his first inaugural address. "History does not long entrust the care of freedom to the weak or the timid," he told the nation on January 20th, 1953. Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Paul Moravec, who set those words to music for the Mr. President series, says the phrase is far from inaugural bluster. Read More And Hear The Composer Talk About His Music "This quotation, I think, needs to be understood in the context of the Cold War," Moravec says. "And if you read the context of the speech, Eisenhower is talking about how freedom is not something to be taken for granted, but has to be earned by strong people, acting and speaking courageously." Although Joseph Stalin died and the Korean War ended in Eisenhower's first year in office, the president's Cold War worries were far from over. Now both the U.S. and the Soviet Union had hydrogen bombs. Moravec thinks of Eisenhower as one of America's strongest presidents — a true leader, right up there with George Washington. And to make the connection between the two presidents in his music, Moravec summoned the spirit of one of this country's first major composers. "This work is an homage to Eisenhower, but it's also an homage to William Billings," Moravec explains. "He was born in 1744 and he's probably best known as the composer of the song 'Chester,' which was the unofficial anthem of the American Revolution." So Moravec, in his "Eisenhower Canon," is taking the president's speech and constructing a canon, or round, with repeating lines similar to those in some of Billings' own canons. "This piece not only references Eisenhower's words but also it references the works of William Billings," Moravec says. "So in a certain sense it's as though I have Eisenhower's words set to music that might have come from the Revolution." On the surface, it might not look like an easy sentence to set, but Moravec found its musicality. "There's a nice cadence to it," Moravec says. "It's not great poetry, but it scans nicely, and it lends itself well to musical, metrical setting. It's a canon in four parts, so it's a little like playing three-dimensional chess. You begin with a melody that think will work in canonic fashion. In other words, four voices have to sing this in this kind of staggered entrance manner. So it all has to work out harmonically as well as melodically." It was a process of trial and error for the composer, who is no stranger to setting words to music. His opera The Letter, with a libretto by Wall Street Journal drama critic Terry Teachout, received its world premiere at the Santa Fe Opera in 2009. "One of the challenges of writing a canon is making the canon audible," says Moravec. "So if you have four distinctly different voices in four different registers, it makes it much easier to tell that it really is a canon you're hearing. It's much clearer to hear rather than if all the voices are condensed into one register, into one octave." And as a kind of sign-off to the piece, Moravec has the chorus sing, in unison, Eisenhower's initials, D.D.E., on the notes D, D and E.  About The Composer  Paul Moravec,winner of the 2004 Pulitzer Prize in Music, has composed more than 100 orchestral, chamber, choral, lyric, film and electro-acoustic pieces. Among Moravec's numerous awards are the Rome Prize Fellowship from the American Academy in Rome, a Fellowship in Music Composition from the National Endowment for the Arts, a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship, a Camargo Foundation Residency Fellowship, two fellowships from the American Academy of Arts & Letters and many commissions. A graduate of Harvard University and Columbia University, Moravec has taught at Harvard, Columbia, Dartmouth, and Hunter College and is currently University Professor at Adelphi University on Long Island. His opera The Letter premiered at the Santa Fe Opera in 2009.

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Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: Here and Now for Tuesday, February 13, 2007

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Congress begins debate on a non-binding resolution that would support the troops in Iraq but oppose sending more. We speak with Gail Chaddock of The Christian Science Monitor.

Virgin Galactic, the space era spin-off of Virgin Atlantic, plans to send tourists on sub-orbital flights within the next three years.

Iran's influence in the Middle East has grown in recent years. Is this due to Iran or the war in Iraq? Guest: Anthony Shadid, The Washington Post.

Mitt Romney goes to Michigan to announce he'll run for president. We look at Mitt Romney's Michigan ties with Nolan Finley of the Detroit News.

We look back on the short and remarkable life of Hanley Denning, who helped raise money to educate the children whose families made their livings picking through the trash.

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Voters Divided On The Final Day Of Campaigning In Iran

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We travel to the city of Qazvin in Iran to take the temperature of voters, who will decide to either give incumbent President Hassan Rouhani a second term or vote him out of office.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: For Bayou Residents, Floods Are A Fact Of Life

By opening the Morganza Spillway, the Army Corps of Engineers is sending Mississippi River water through communities that thousands call home. But even as they're forced to evacuate, few are blaming the Corps. Those who live along Louisiana's bayous aren't happy about having to fight the river, but say it's something they've grown up.


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For example, '['', 'Landmark Education Report Confirms that Schools Need More Money']' should have a representation like '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'A landmark series of 22 reports examining California\'s educational system was released this week. The two year, $3 million project, called "Getting Down to Facts," was commissioned by the governor, legislative leaders and the state education department. Many teachers and principals say the reports confirm what they\'ve known all along: Schools with poor and minority students need more money. Educators at one struggling middle school in San Diego say that if it was up to them, they would spend all their money hiring more teachers to meet the needs of their diverse student population.']' but very far from '['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', "Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music."]'.

Question: U.S. Soldiers Nearly Drained Iceland Of Its Supply Of Beer

Recently, several thousand U.S. soldiers made a pit stop in Iceland on their way to a NATO exercise. Local breweries reportedly had to rush emergency reserves to the thirsty mob.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- After Four Years, Chinese Dissident Artist Ai Weiwei Gets His Passport Back. -- Loops, Glitches Raise Questions About Dash Cam Video. And here are more early headlines: Critical Transportation Bill Stalls In Senate. (Politico) Congress To Get Briefing From Administration On Iran Nuclear Deal. (USA Today) Jury To Start Sentencing Phase In Colorado Theater Shooter Case. (NBC) Kyrgyzstan Ends Treaty With U.S. Following Diplomatic Row. (VOA) Burundi Counts Votes In Presidential Election That The U.S. Says Isn't Credible. (BBC) Armed Citizens Guarding Some Military Recruitment Centers. (AP) Navajo Nation Voters Loosen Language Requirements For Tribal Leaders. (Farmington Daily Times) Washed Out I-10 Freeway Bridge To Partially Re-Open Friday. (KJZZ) Scientists Believe They've Got Fragments Of World's Oldest Koran. (Time)


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Question: Thomas Kean: Behind the Sept. 11 Commission

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The chairman of the Sept. 11 Commission, Tom Kean, and vice-chair Lee Hamilton have written a new book, Without Precedent: the Inside Story of the 9/11 Commission.  The two write about the challenges of completing their work on the commission with little money, a tight timeline, constant wrangling to gain access to classified documents, and the necessity of forging a consensus among Republican and Democratic commissioners. Kean talks about his experience.

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Fewshot example: "['', 'Today is Ash Wednesday, the first day in the Christian season of Lent – the 40 days before Easter. Lent is about a lot of things, but the one everyone talks about is sacrifice: giving up something you really like. The Rev. James Martin, a Jesuit priest and editor-at-large of America magazine, discusses Lent, why it’s important and what he’s giving up this year, with\xa0Here & Now’s Jeremy Hobson. Guest\n\nJames Martin, Jesuit priest and editor-at-large of America magazine. His latest book is “Jesus: A Pilgrimage.” He tweets @JamesMartinSJ.']" == "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'What Are You Giving Up For Lent?']"

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Modi and The Bam; New Koch; An Offensive Play.


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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E.g. "['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'The Nation: Can US-Iran Talks Succeed?']" == "['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'The US-Iran talks start Thursday in Geneva and, while a lot of other countries will be there too — the UK, France, Russia, China, and Germany are all part of the so-called P5 + 1 — it\'s really the United States and Iran who will have to make a deal. Even the latest flareup over the secret Iranian enrichment facility doesn\'t change the basic fact: that Washington and Tehran, after three decades without diplomatic relations, will be talking. It\'s a startling and important reversal of US policy, as promised by candidate Barack Obama in 2008, abandoning the charged rhetoric of the Bush administration, which lumped Iran incongruously into the Axis of Evil in 2002 and looked aghast at the idea of negotiating with Iran.  Robert Gates, the secretary of defense, did his part yesterday to lower the temperature of the rhetoric by stating explicitly that the US does not have a military option to deal with Iran\'s nuclear program. He didn\'t exactly take the military option "off the table," as the unfortunate phrase goes, but he did say:  "The reality is, there is no military option that does nothing more than buy time. The only way you end up not having a nuclear-capable Iran is for the Iranian government to decide that their security is diminished by having those weapons, as opposed to strengthened." Gates, of course, has long been opposed to a military strike on Iran, and a few years ago he co-chaired a Council on Foreign Relations task force on Iran that opposed the military option and called for US engagement with Iran in pursuit of a comprehensive accord. (Incidentally, if you want to read a lengthy account of why a military strike on Iran, by Israel or the United States, would be so difficult, read CSIS\' Anthony Cordesman\'s "The Iran Attack Plan," published Friday in the Wall Street Journal.) However, like the rest of the Obama administration\'s top officials, including the increasingly hawkish secretary of state, Gates did emphasize that the alternative if Iran doesn\'t deal is a toughened regime of economic sanctions. "There obviously is the opportunity for severe additional sanctions. I think we have the time to make that work," he said.  The reality is, of course, that it\'s highly unlikely that truly tough sanctions will get the support of the Russians and Chinese, and so the UN Security Council is likely to pass far more milder sanctions than the "crippling" ones, such as a cutoff of Iran\'s gasoline supply or a shutdown of Iran\'s access to international finance, that Hillary Clinton wants. The more likely result, if the talks don\'t go anywhere by the end of the year — and it\'s almost impossible to imagine some breakthrough by then — is that the UNSC might agree to far more mild, targeted sanctions that focus on Iran\'s nuclear program itself. But sanctions are the "sticks" in the US arsenal, and it\'s unclear what the "carrots" are — or whether the US intends to offer the key "carrot," i.e., international acceptance of Iran\'s inherent right to enrich uranium. (Iranians, by the way, hate the carrot-and-stick talk, and they consider it insulting and demeaning, as if Iran were a donkey.)  Howard Berman, the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and a close ally of AIPAC, has introduced legislation in support of Clinton\'s "crippling sanctions." Writing in the Washington Post, Berman warns that his bill targets both Iran\'s gasoline imports and its financial dealings:  "[It] provides President Obama with a mandate to increase the level of financial penalties against Iran and would prevent companies that facilitate the provision of gasoline and other refined petroleum products to Iran from doing business in the United States. Much of the world\'s trade is conducted through international financial transactions in dollars that must be cleared through American banks. So if the United States were to prevent any bank doing business with Iranian banks from clearing dollar transactions, the Iranian banking system would collapse. And because Iran has to import 25 percent or more of its daily demand for refined petroleum, its economy would be seriously impaired if it were denied those imports. Indeed, a credible threat of both these sanctions might provide the best chance to persuade the Iranian regime to agree to suspend its nuclear enrichment." Tough, yes, but as Berman points out, the bill only provides Obama with a "mandate" to impose those draconian measures. It doesn\'t force him to do so. And so far, Berman, in spite of pressure from AIPAC, has refused to push his bill through Congress all year. And he isn\'t thrilled about the idea of doing anything that might disrupt the president\'s ongoing diplomatic effort. It\'s an enabling measure only, although its passage by Congress would hurt, not help, by inflaming passions on both sides and providing Iranian hawks with yet more leverage to sabotage the talks.  Speaking for the neoconservative alliance of hawks, Israeli hardliners, and outright kooks is Eliot Cohen, writin']" != "['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Attack On University In Pakistan Kills At Least 20. -- Fire At Dubai High-Rise Tower Is Blamed On Electrical Issue In Spotlight. And here are more early headlines: Coast Guard Suspends Search Off Hawaii For Missing Marines. (KHON-TV) Portland Demonstrators Tell Armed Group On Federal Land To Go Home. (KOPB) Global Selloff In Asian Markets Continues. (MarketWatch) Report: Kurd Militias Tearing Down Arab Homes In Iraq. (Amnesty International) ISIS Confirms Suspicion That "Jihadi John" Killed. (New York Times) U.S. Official Urges China To Show "Leadership" With North Korea. (Yonhap) Fairy Tales May Be Older Than Some Religions. (Discovery News) To Help Some Farmers, Coconut Trees Aren\'t Trees Anymore In Indian State. (AP)']"

Question: 1. Voices In The News

A sound montage of a few prominent voices in this past week's news, including Rep. Richard Gephardt (D-WI); Rep. John Boehner (bay-ner) (R-OH); President Bill Clinton; U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Bill Richardson; Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz; and Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Mysterious Beach Wanderer Identified

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Several months ago, we told you about a man who was found wandering in a wet suit near an English beach. He wouldn't explain who he was, but he drew a picture of a piano, and then played it. Today we can tell you more. Britain's <EM> Daily Mirror </EM> newspaper says the man's a German who wanted to kill himself after losing his job. What's more, authorities say the piano man has been released from a mental hospital. A spokesman says he showed "marked improvement."

Stories: 1) In a Morrocco Town, a Cradle for Killers 2) Plowing Under 'The Perfect Crop' in Afghanistan 3) Dewey Redman Revisited