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Question: Internet poker takes seat at table of politics

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The fast-growing Poker Players Alliance is fighting measures to curb wagering on Internet poker.

Internet poker has surpassed sports betting as the most popular form of online gambling -- an industry that now takes in as much as $10 billion a year. There's one catch:  playing online poker -- for money -- is illegal in the United States.


Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

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While you're gearing up for the Political Junkie D.C. Live Road Show on Wednesday evening — see below for details — why not try and solve this week's ScuttleButton puzzle first? ScuttleButton, of course, is that once-a-week waste of time exercise in which each Monday or Tuesday I put up a vertical display of buttons on this site. Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) For years, a correct answer chosen at random would get his or her name posted in this column, an incredible honor in itself. Now the stakes are even higher. Thanks to the efforts of the folks at Talk of the Nation, that person also hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain. Is this a great country or what? You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state — you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. (Why do people keep forgetting to include their name and city/state?) And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be among the first on your block to receive notice about the column and the puzzle. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck! By the way, I always announce the winner on Wednesday's Junkie segment on TOTN. But with it now less than a week until the next show, your window for getting your answer in is smaller. Here are the buttons used and the answer to last week's puzzle: It's Sinatra's World/We Just Live In It — There was only one Frank Sinatra. (Thanks, Sandy.) We for Lee — Lee Alexander, the mayor of Syracuse, sought the Democratic nomination for the Senate from New York in 1974. My President (photo of Bill Clinton in his hippie-but-didn't-inhale days) — Never could determine if this was a pro- or anti-Clinton button. Bonner County Sportsmen's Assn/Idaho (picture of a trout and a deer) — Not exactly a political button but I didn't have much choice. I Don't Give a Damn — This could just be a "whatever" button, or it could be a response to the "Give a Damn" advertising campaign by the New York Urban Coalition, circa 1968-ish. So, when you combine Frank + Lee + My + deer + I don't give a damn, you may just very well end up with ... Frankly My Dear I Don't Give a Damn. As told by Rhett Butler to Scarlett O'Hara in Gone With the Wind. Watch that scene now on YouTube: It's always so exciting to see Clark Gable solve ScuttleButton puzzles. Anyway, the winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Del Atwood of New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Canada. Del, who just so happens is a judge on the Provincial Court and Family Court of Nova Scotia, gets not only the coveted Political Junkie t-shirt — but the Official No Prize Button as well! And here is the link that spells out the details to Wednesday evening's Junkie road show event in Washington, D.C. Finally, don't forget to check out this week's Political Junkie column, which focuses on the campaign — personal as well as political — against Chuck Hagel to become the next secretary of defense. Click here to read the column.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Election News from Around California

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The November election is just over three weeks away, and Californians are starting to focus on politics. Writers for three newspapers talk about the key issues in their parts of the state.

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For example, ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'A number of longtime world leaders made headlines this week South African President Jacob Zuma resigned. Zimbabwe lost a man of conscience and courage with the death of Morgan Tsvangirai. And the future of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu comes under more doubt. And why is Australia’s Prime Minister banning sex between his ministers and their staff? GUESTS Tom Bowman, Pentagon correspondent, NPR; @TBowmanNPR Nadia Bilbassy, Washington bureau chief, Al Arabiya; @nadia_bilbassy Susan Glasser, Chief international affairs columnist, Politico; @sbg1 For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.'] should be similar to ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Friday News Roundup - International']

Sex Offender Measures. Constitutional or Not?, Field Notes: Glossopedia, Grand Ole Opry Turns 80, Focus on Technology, Hollywood in Cincinnati


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Question: The Marketplace Report: Modest 2nd Quarter GDP

NPR's Alex Chadwick talks to Tess Vigeland of Marketplace about modest growth in the Gross Domestic Product in the second quarter, and what it says about the health of the overall economy.

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Actual headline: GDP Up 3.5 Percent in 3Q; Does It Matter for Tanning Industry?  Lookingfit.com: the Planet Money of tanning.


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Question: Show #41 air date  October 16, 2007

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Health insurance in America is complicated and is a challenge for the business of health care and is also a political football. This week, moderator Terry Phillips leads a discussion about the current state of health care with guests who are truly experts. Dr. Varoujan Altebarmakian, MD is Physician-in-Chief at Kaiser Permanente in Fresno; Tom Epstein is Vice President of Public Affairs for Blue Shield of California; Mark Keppler is the Executive Director of the Maddy Institute at CSU Fresno.

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

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Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


Question: Letters from Listeners

NPR's Scott Simon reads comments from listeners.

Wedding Announcements from Kasper Hauser's upcoming book Weddings of the Times.


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Question: 5 Health Books You Don't Need To Read Because We Did

This time of year publishers send a ton of books to Shots HQ. A lot of them have advice on what to eat, or not. Now we finally have a little time to dig through the pile and review some of them -- as quickly as possible. Here goes speed dating meets literary criticism. Read More The Safe Food Handbook by Heli Perrret  Food is scary. "Risky food is everywhere." Deal with it.  The NEW! Abs Diet by David Zinczenko with Ted Spiker  Belly fat is dangerous. "The average American is carrying around 30 billion fat cells." Eat smart, exercise some and find your abs.  The Lean Belly Prescription by Dr. Travis Stork (one of those handsome TV doctors) with Peter Moore  Belly fat is a killer. "Dr. Travis's Eight Laws of Leanness: Pick 3 To Lean!" Eat smart, exercise some and lose your belly.  The New Evolution Diet by Arthur De Vany  Cro-Magnon didn't have belly fat. "We are, in essence, hardwired to be lazy overeaters." Avoid foods that didn't exist in 40,000 B.C., embrace your inner carnivore and exercise in short, intense bursts.  Why You Should Store Your Farts In A Jar by David Haviland   There are a lot of weird and disgusting health facts you haven't cared about since you were 10. "Was Hitler addicted to crystal meth?" Yes, apparently his personal doctor laced the Fuehrer's vitamin injections with methamphetamine.  Bonus Book That's Not Really About Health, But Is Really Cool And Has Some Amazing Health Implications Anyway: Radioactive by Lauren Redniss  Scientists Marie and Pierre Curie were not concerned with belly fat. "Marie: 'I coined the word radioactivity.' " Working unprotected with radioactive material -- and sleeping with a jar of radium by your pillow -- is intellectually exhilarating but not good for your health.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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From One Of Ted's Recommended

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From one of Ted's recommended recordings, pianist Krystian Zimerman plays the Impromptu No. 4 in A-flat by Franz Schubert. (DG 423 612-2)

2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: Tiny Desk Playlist: The Holiday Concerts

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Provided: "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details!', "Worth the ad: the Washington Post's Peeps Diorama contest. My heart's with the Madoff scene above. You can still vote in the people's choice poll."]" Match: "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', "Madoff's Peeps. Literally."]"

Pandemic life has short-circuited many holiday traditions this year, as intergenerational family togetherness has given way to Zoom calls, and Black Friday shopping has given way to the sweet, sweet absence of Black Friday shopping. But it's also a golden opportunity to reboot your routines: to start baking Christmas cookies, or make handmade greeting cards, or lock down a pact with your family to leave the tree up until summer. These are heady and challenging times, so what's to keep you from declaring that Christmas, for you and yours, now takes place from Dec. 23 until June 23? OK, so here's another new tradition for you to stuff in your stocking: What if, from now on, you spent the weekend before Christmas gathering up your immediate family — or sealing yourself in a virus-proof bubble, whichever — and hunkering down to watch every Tiny Desk holiday concert ever recorded? The Tiny Desk series has existed since April 2008 — long enough for our holiday sets to become traditions unto themselves. In fact, you can watch the moment they became a tradition here, as the charming U.K. folk-pop band Fanfarlo closed their December 2009 set with a cover of Low's "Just Like Christmas." (Speaking of traditions, the Christmas tree I hastily scrawled onto a piece of looseleaf paper for the occasion still hangs at the Tiny Desk, crumpled but mighty, 11 years later.) Ever since, we've made an official holiday Tiny Desk concert happen each year, starting with Matt Wilson's Christmas Tree-O in 2010 and including everyone from Sharon Jones to Amy Grant to Hanson to HMSTR. (Now, that's range!) We've even recorded the occasional one-off holiday song, as we did with Wyclef Jean's cover of "Feliz Navidad" or Steve Martin & The Steep Canyon Rangers' "The Strangest Christmas Yet," both of which we captured for 2017's The Big Tiny Desk Holiday Special. As you'd expect, the Tiny Desk has sat empty due to the pandemic since March, so we weren't able to decorate this year — though we are about to publish a holiday-themed Tiny Desk (Home) Concert. Still, my scrappy little hand-drawn Christmas tree continues to hang, waiting for us to return and start dreaming up holiday traditions as yet unimagined.  Tiny Desks In This Playlist  Matt Wilson (read more) The Music Tapes (read more) The Polyphonic Spree (read more) Preservation Hall Jazz Band (read more) HMSTR (read more) Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings (read more) The Oh Hellos (read more) Hanson (read more) Amy Grant (read more) Los Lobos (read more)

This blog was conceived as a way for us to tell listeners about any music, videos or thoughts that excite us but can't fit into a weekly half-hour podcast. But there's a lot that goes on at other parts of NPR Music that excites us, too. Digging through everything the site has to offer can take time, though, so we'll publish a post like this periodically in an effort to keep readers up to date. Here's a list of our top picks:  Hammock Jams: Party in Your Backyard Here's Your Late Pass: Right Music, Wrong Time (Monitor Mix) First Listen: Regina Spektor, 'Far' Heat Wave: A Summertime Mix Metric in Concert Dirty Projectors: Balancing Head and Heart (CD review) Vocal Styles: Whiny, Tiny, or Just Fine-y (Monitor Mix) White Rabbits: Something Novel (Song of the Day)


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Question: USA Network to Air Video Gaming Competitions

The USA Network recently announced a seven-part television series following competitions on the Major League Gaming tour. The tour follows top-tier video gamers who travel from city to city competing in tournaments. Madeleine Brand speaks to Major League Gaming's co-founder, Sundance DiGiovanni, about bringing the tour to television.

Stories: 1) Margo Martindale: A 'Justified' Moonshine Matriarch 2) No Must-Sees In Fall Crop Of Network TV


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Question: More People Than Ever Are Unhappy With The Government, Poll Shows

In some ways this news just states the obvious. But it's still worth noting that according to the pollsters at Gallup:  "A record-high 81 percent of Americans are dissatisfied with the way the country is  being governed, adding to negativity that has been building over the past 10  years."  The question they were asked: "On the whole, would you say you are satisfied or dissatisfied with the way the nation is being governed?" Just 19 percent said they are "satisfied." During the Reagan, Bush I and Clinton administrations, Gallup's polls showed that more Americans were satisfied than were dissatisfied by the way the nation was being governed. Then, during President George W. Bush's second term, the numbers reversed. For a brief moment shortly after the last presidential election, Gallup's data started to show some improvement in the public's opinion of government. Since late 2009, though, dissatisfaction has been on the rise again. As we reported earlier, there's another "shutdown showdown" happening this week in Washington — something that won't help improve the public's opinion of lawmakers. Gallup's latest reading is based on "telephone interviews conducted Sept. 8-11, 2011, with a random sample of 1,017  adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of  Columbia. For results based on the total sample of national adults, one can say with  95% confidence that the maximum margin of sampling error is +/- 4 percentage  points."

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: TV Production Boom Fueled By Scripted 'Must See' Shows

We are in an era dubbed "peak TV," with more television being produced in the U.S. than ever. For people who work in the industry, and for people who watch TV, it's a big deal. Is it sustainable?

Stories: 1) Comedians Chews Up Midlife Foibles 2) Saadiq Revisits R&B Past In 'The Way I See It' 3) Silverman Shocks Her Way To A Third Season 4) Operatives And 'Lies' In Ridley Scott's New Thriller


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Question: NBC Plugs into YouTube's Viral Growth

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YouTube, the wildly popular video-sharing Web site, was an underground phenomenon just a few months ago. Now, with millions of viewers and millions in venture capital, YouTube is entering into a deal with NBC to promote the network's programming on the site. Like most Silicon Valley success stories, YouTube started in a garage. Founders Steve Chen and Chad Hurley got frustrated when they were trying to share video with friends on the Internet and found the process too complicated.  They officially launched YouTube in December 2005. So far, they've raised more than $11 million in venture capital. The site is so popular that about 60,000 videos are uploaded to it each day. Fifty million videos are posted on the site at any given time, Chen says.  The site's fare ranges from the very silly -- teenagers lip-syncing to pop music -- to the deadly serious -- soldiers' videos of the war in Iraq.  Most of the videos are homemade by people largely under 30. Brooke Brodack (known as Brookers to her fans) got so popular -- one of her videos was viewed a million and a half times -- that she landed a Hollywood contract to produce television content.  Like other services where average people share content, YouTube has run into some copyright issues. YouTube got the attention of traditional media when a video of a Saturday Night Live skit, called "Lazy Sunday" showed up on the site.  The spoof, featuring SNL regulars Chris Parnell and Andy Samberg rapping about eating cupcakes and going to see The Chronicles of Narnia, was viewed millions of times.  Nonetheless, NBC asserted its copyright and asked YouTube to take it down. It's now available for viewing on NBC's own Web site.   YouTube's founders say they have no interest in being another Napster -- the file-sharing network brought down by a series of copyright lawsuits from the music industry.   "We're developing tools and putting process in place to control what's going on in the site," Hurley says. "We ban repeat infringers. We've also built an automated process that makes it easier for copyright holders to notify us of infringement." But NBC had to acknowledge that the viewing of its "Lazy Sunday" video online brought Saturday Night Live more attention than it had seen in years.   On Tuesday, NBC announced a deal with YouTube to post previews of its shows on the Web site.   Brian Haven, a senior media analyst at Forrester Research, says the challenge to traditional television comes from consumers who are starting to look to one another for entertainment. It's part of a trend he calls social computing.  But Clifford Nass, a professor of communications at Stanford University, says people may not always be enamored with each other's amateur videos.  "In the early days, when anyone could make a phonograph record, you could go to Coney Island famously and record your record -- you know everyone did it. And over time, people said, 'You know, I'd really rather listen to talented people doing this.'" Still, Nass and others say that the availability of high-speed Internet and cheap video cameras have changed something about the way we communicate. And while everyone may not become a star, communicating with one another through moving images is likely to be a permanent part of modern life.

Stories: 1) Jimmy Wales on the User-Generated Generation 2) I Want My 'Human Giant': Web Comedy Jumps to MTV 3) Serious Juju: Looking Back at King Sunny Ade


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Question: Summertime And Healthy Kids Are Never Easy

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Join us today at 3:30 p.m. EDT for a chat on Twitter with pediatrician Robert Block, the current president of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Search for the hashtag #nprkids. We'll be tweeting from @NPRHealth with @DrBobBlock for about a half-hour. Dr. Block is a professor of pediatrics and the immediate past chair of the pediatrics department at the University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine in Tulsa. Block has a longstanding interest in evaluating and preventing child abuse. Among other things, he's board chair of the Academy on Violence and Abuse, a group that's trying to improve education and academic research on the health effects of abuse and violence. In today's chat, we'll focus on keeping children healthy during the summer break. Try us with a question about sunscreen or screen time for kids. Also, we'll talk about vaccines. A whooping cough epidemic in Washington state has thrust vaccination of kids and adults into the spotlight again.

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Stories: 1) Habits: How They Form And How To Break Them 2) Dierks Bentley's 'Home' Is Full Of Country Struggles


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Listener Limerick Challenge

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Example:
Provided: "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Ok, so the title of this post is a bit misleading. I have been a waiter, but it was at a Mexican restaurant that was destined to fail. For the true, former in-house server of cocktails, you can turn to my colleague Barrie Hardymon. In any case, I do empathize with the servers who have to deal with the Assumers... the Ice Queens (and Kings)... and, of course, Harry Houdinis while balancing martinis and gin and tonics on a tray. And I certainly can\'t take credit for these catchy titles for rabble rousers in the local bars across the land. Sarah Venture, a cocktail waitress at a music venue/bar in Phoenix meticulously recorded notes on her subjects, er, customers, and compiled a priceless list of the cast of characters she meets on a nightly basis. She came up with nineteen interesting types of people, but I\'ll share a few right now:  Tricky McPlastic: When asked whether he\'ll be paying with cash, this customer says yes. But when I come back with a tray full of drinks, the customer will hand me a credit card and say, "Is this okay?" Well, it would have been okay if you had told me five minutes ago. Now, it\'s actually a huge pain in the ass. You may not know this, but I already paid the bar -- in cash -- for your drink. See, I\'m allotted money at the beginning of the night with which I buy drinks from the bar, getting reimbursed by you. But I can\'t tell you that because then I look like the difficult one. You just wasted five minutes of my life, a**hole.   Ms. Mute: When someone -- even a lowly waitress! -- looks at you and asks you a question, the polite thing to do is answer. Sometimes, when a waitress asks a couple whether they want a drink, one person (usually the woman) won\'t answer. Not only will Ms. Mute not answer, she won\'t even look her waitress in the eye. Ms. Mute will usually tell the person she\'s with what she wants to drink. That person (usually the boyfriend or husband) will relay the information to the waitress. The worst? When there\'s a factual question to be answered by the waitress.   Waitress: Hi, there! Can I get you two anything to drink?   Woman (to man): Do they have margaritas?   Man (to waitress): Do you have margaritas?   Waitress: Yes.   Woman (to man): I\'ll have a margarita then.   Man (to waitress): She\'ll have a margarita.   Annoyed waitress (to Woman): Do you want salt on it?   Woman (without making eye contact) nods without saying anything.   I\'ve actually had similar exchanges. On multiple occasions. Despite the bad rep that waitresses get, we\'re not all like the ones who wait on George Clooney or Tiger Woods. We\'re not checking out your guy. We\'re not flirting with him. We\'re just trying to do our job and be friendly. Sometimes that requires smiling. So sorry.  Click here for the rest... Grabby Paws.']" Match: "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details!', "Don't Mess With A Cocktail Waitress"]"

After hours at the zoo; Science explains the Virgin of the Grilled Cheese; Road Kill: It's What's for Dinner!


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Question: COVID Cases At Records Levels, Biden Names Chief Of Staff, Trump's Election Lawsuits

represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth:

For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'It\'s not big enough to be called a shakeup, but the new hire announced this week at the White House is important: John Podesta will come on board in January as a counselor to the president. Podesta is a Democratic wise man, the founder of the Center for American Progress, a policy and personnel incubator for Democratic administrations, and he just started a new think tank on income inequality — the problem President Obama says will animate his second term. Podesta is also a second-term crisis management specialist. He was Bill Clinton\'s White House chief of staff from 1998 to 2001, helping him survive impeachment. His hiring has already soothed some jangled nerves among the current president\'s supporters in Washington. "I thought, \'Fantastic,\' " says Dee Dee Myers, Clinton\'s former press secretary. She is one of a small, inside-the-beltway group of Democrats who have been desperate for reassurance that the recently unsteady Obama White House was getting its act together. With the Podesta announcement, the White House appears to have sent that message. "I think they\'ve known for a while that they need to reach out, they need to broaden their circle a little," Myers says. "The president has been famously reluctant to do that. So how do you widen the lens? One of the ways you do that is you reach out and you bring in new people, and it\'s very helpful to bring in people who come preloaded with tremendous experience." A Fan Of Executive Powers Podesta is not a completely new face in the Obama camp. He ran the president-elect\'s widely praised transition team in 2008 and 2009, and he\'s been advising the White House from the outside. For some time he\'s been telling the Obama team that as legislative action becomes increasingly less likely, it should focus more on using the president\'s executive powers. Podesta told NPR in January that Obama has plenty of authority under the Constitution to change and implement policy. "I think that he\'s got a lot of cards to play, and I think he can be extremely successful," he said. The White House has taken Podesta\'s advice — often to the frustration of Congress. With Podesta inside the administration, the president will probably do even more. "The execution of government does make a difference," said Podesta in another NPR interview. "It sounds incremental, but in the end of the day, putting those points on the board will make a difference in terms of what the growth rate is, what the unemployment rate is." GOP: Podesta Can\'t Change What\'s Already Broken Execution of government is a Podesta focus — and lately it\'s been an embarassing weakness for the Obama administration. Not surprisingly, Republicans dismissed the latest personnel move as a distraction, pointing to a series of troubles — from Syria to NSA eavesdropping and, above all, to the health care rollout — that have hurt the president\'s ratings on credibility and competence. "I won\'t give the president advice on his own staff," says Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, "but the problem here is the substance of his No. 1 issue. The issue he wanted to be most associated with is a failure, and no amount of shifting the chairs around on the Titanic is going to solve that problem." Podesta can\'t erase the fact that the health care website didn\'t work or that the president made a promise that he now says ended up being inaccurate. But Democrat Steve Elmendorff says that Podesta can help — a lot. "Nobody can make up for where they are," says Elmendorff, who was senior advisor to former House Democratic Leader Dick Gephardt. "The president\'s admitted they\'ve made some mistakes. The staff has admitted they made some mistakes, and they need to fix it. And what John can do is provide direction and a fresh set of eyes and ears on how to move forward and do the right thing." Podesta and the White House have a lot on their plate for the new year. They\'ve got to get the health care law working; they need to figure out how to help Democrats get through the 2014 elections with the least amount of damage; and then, starting with the president\'s State of the Union speech early next year, they need to map out the final chapter of the Obama presidency. SCOTT SIMON, HOST:  This is WEEKEND EDITION, from NPR News. I\'m Scott Simon. the Obama White House is bringing in the cavalry as it ends a tough political year. The president\'s making some changes - hiring a few new people to augment his current White House staff. NPR\'s national political correspondent Mara Liasson reports on an important new addition. MARA LIASSON, BYLINE: It\'s not big enough to be called a shakeup, but the new hire announced this week at the White House is important. John Podesta will be coming on board in January as a counselor to the president. Podesta is a Democratic wise man; the founder of the Center for American Progress, a policy and personnel incubator for Democratic administrations. And he just started a new think tank on income inequality, the problem President ']>>  to "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'White House Hires A Crisis Manager, Easing Democratic Worries']"

The U.S. is breaking coronavirus records almost daily now. The latest surge is stretching the resources of many states. President-elect Joe Biden has made his first cabinet-level appointment. Longtime Democratic advisor Ron Klain will be his White House chief of staff. And President Trump continues to pursue lawsuits that challenge his election loss. But many of these lawsuits have been dismissed by judges. So what purpose do these legal challenges really serve? <br/>

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: U.S. VISIT Program/Air Marshals

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 Guest:

  Viveca Novak
   Time Magazine, Washington correspondent

EPA Suit. Medicare Drug Coverage. End Music.


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Question: North Korean Satellite Readies For Launch Amid Reports Of New Nuke Test

A rocket that North Korea says is slated to put the country's first-ever satellite into orbit has been moved to a launchpad for possible blastoff as early as this week, amid reports that the secretive regime is also planning a fresh nuclear test. The Unha-3 rocket is sitting astride a gantry at the Sohae Satellite Station at Tongchang-ri, along the country's northwest coast, according to the BBC. Pyongyang says it could launch sometime between April 12-16. Over the weekend, North Korean officials took journalists on a tour of Sohae. The North says its satellite launch in no way doubles as a ballistic missile test, but the two capabilities are notoriously difficult to parse. Doualy Xaykaothao, reporting from Seoul, South Korea, for NPR, says the general manager of Sohae reassured visiting journalists at the site that "no matter what others say, we are doing this for peaceful purposes." Meanwhile, South Korean officials say images taken from space show that the North is also getting ready for a third nuclear test. According to the BBC:  The images show piles of earth and sand at the entrance of a tunnel at the Punggye-ri site, where tests of a nuclear bomb were previously carried out in 2006 and 2009, South Korea's Yonhap news agency reports.  Since Kim Jong Un took over the reins in Pyongyang after the death of his father, Kim Jong Il, the West has been keen to divine the new leader's intentions. Another nuclear test, in conjunction with the provocative satellite test, would add to the impression that the younger Kim plans to follow his father's style of keeping the West off balance. Both South Korea and Japan view the satellite launch as a threat and have warned that they will shoot the rocket down if it strays over their territory.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- As NSA Leaker Disappears, Talk Of More To Come & Charges. -- In Istanbul, Police Move Against Anti-Government Protesters. And here are more early headlines: Lung Infection Hospitalizes Mandela For 4th Day. (VOA) At Least 14 Dead After Twin Suicide Bombers Hit Syrian Capital. (BBC) Flooding River In Germany Breaches Levee, Forces New Evacuations. (The Associated Press) Koreas Delaying Planned Talks, No Discussion Of Cancellation. (AP) China Launches Second Female Astronaut Into Space. (CBS) French Flights Grounded As Air Traffic Controllers Strike. (Reuters) Report: New England Patriots Will Sign Tim Tebow To A "Low-Money Deal". (NFL.com) New Military Radios At Georgia Base Lock Homeowners' Garage Door Openers. (Augusta Chronicle)


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

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Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Political Consultant Joe Trippi

Trippi was the campaign manager for Howard Dean during his bid to be the democratic presidential nominee. Using  the Internet, Trippi turned a little-known candidate into a frontrunner. His new book is  The Revolution Will Not be Televised: Democracy, the Internet,  and the Overthrow of Everything. Trippi worked on his first presidential campaign for Sen. Edward Kennedy in 1980. He also worked with the presidential campaigns of Walter Mondale, Gary Hart and Richard Gephardt.

Are Democrats In Congress Trying To Thwart Calif. Redistricting?  - Brain Researcher Antonio Damasio


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Question: Von Freeman: 'The Great Divide'

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NPR's Tony Cox talks with Chicago jazz legend Von Freeman about the jazz scene in the Second City and his new CD, The Great Divide.

Stories: 1) New Albums By Booker T. And Allen Toussaint 2) Booker T. Jones: Onions, Potatoes, Other Essentials 3) Passionate About The Passive Voice


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Question: Guest DJ Week: Björk

Note: Our week of Guest DJs continues with Björk. The Icelandic singer recently announced she'll be releasing a new album, possibly before the end of the year. In this 2009 conversation with All Songs Considered host Bob Boilen, Björk talked about Voltaïc, her box set of live recordings, her love of Syrian musician Omar Souleyman, fellow Icelandic singer Ólöf Arnalds and more. Icelandic singer Björk chats with All Songs Considered host Bob Boilen about some of her favorite artists and spins an eclectic mix of music. Hear selections from Syrian musician Omar Souleyman, the post punk duo Eyeless in Gaza, fellow Icelandic singer Olof Arnalds, The Pokrovsky Ensemble and the wildly eccentric, London-based rock group Micachu and the Shapes. Bjork's latest album is 'Voltaic,' a collection of live-to-tape studio performances of songs from some of her past albums, including 'Medulla,' 'Post,' and 'Vespertine.' You can hear the entire album online as part of our Exclusive First Listen series.

Maxmillian Dunbar: Polo Blondes: Synthesist Nicolas Jaar: Keep Me There Steffi: Yours Maya Jane Coles: Nobody Else Rocketnumbernine: Matthew and Toby Francesco Tristano: Idiosynkrasia Factory Floor: Real Love (Optimo Remix)


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Question: U.N. Report on Jenin

NPR's Jennifer Ludden reports on the United Nations probe into last April's battle in Jenin, scene of the heaviest fighting during Israel's spring offensive against Palestinian militants. The report faults both sides for the deaths of civilians in the towns, but dismisses Palestinian charges of a massacre by Israeli troops. (4:00)
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Jerry Brown Takes on EPA. Olympic Torch in SF.


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: The Urban Innovations Born From Past Disasters

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There is a big debate over the long-term impact of the deadly, devastating pandemic. While it’s hard to see a silver lining, Here & Now‘s Robin Young speaks with Derek Thompson about past innovations that have come out of terrible disasters. Thompson is a staff writer at The Atlantic. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: The Big Screen from 91.7 WVXU

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Larry Thomas reviews the new George Clooney film, Michael Clayton.

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Given ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Breaking Down Chemical Weapons, One Fact At A Time'] it matches with ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Saturday, the U.S. and Russia announced an agreement on the destruction of Syria\'s chemical weapons. The country has a week to detail its chemical arsenal and has until the middle of 2014 to destroy its stockpile. The State Department has published a framework for the plan. Amy Smithson, a senior fellow at the Monterey Institute\'s James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, gets back to the basics of chemical weapons — what they are, where they came from — with NPR\'s Jacki Lyden. The Origin Of Syria\'s Chemical Weapons Capabilities "Initially, the Syrian chemical weapons program was very dependent on outside expertise and materials coming in from the outside," Smithson says. In the 1990s Syria appears to have received assistance from Iran and Russia in the form of the "precursor chemicals" (ingredients for the weapons) as well as technical support, she says, "and North Korea also came into the equation then with assistance on delivery systems." "But quite some time ago, the program appears to have transitioned to one where Syria has the domestic capacity to do all this," Smithson says. "In other words, they have production facilities, apparently, for them that are capable of making chemical warfare agents." What Counts As A Chemical Weapon? The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, or OPCW, defines chemical weapons as "any toxic chemical or its precursor that can cause death, injury, temporary incapacitation or sensory irritation through its chemical action." The delivery devices for the chemicals, filled or unfilled, "are also considered chemical weapons themselves." Smithson says there are two basic forms of chemical weapons: unitary and binary. Those classified as unitary are already mixed before being loaded into munitions. With binary weapons, the last two precursor chemicals can be mixed at the last minute and then loaded into the munition. Or those chemicals can be stored separately inside of the munition, and on the way to the target, the membrane between the chemicals bursts, creating a deadly mixture. In terms of making the weapons, Smithson refers to the saying, "A bozo can make it in a beaker." "To make the chemical warfare agents, a chemist with fairly rudimentary experience is probably going to be able to synthesize a small quantity of these agents," she says. "But to scale up to large quantities, the types of things that militaries often have to have in order to use them on the battlefield, that\'s a whole other ballgame." The Daily Beast published an article in August, a few days after the chemical attack in Syria, breaking down the types of chemical weapons that have been used historically. How To Inspect, Destroy Chemical Weapons When inspectors are sent into a country, they inspect production facilities and storage sites to first take inventory, Smithson says. "So they\'re literally going to be in the field counting munitions and closing down production facilities. Out of that, there will be a determination made about what destruction processes would be best for this particular arsenal," she says. One of their most important jobs, Smithson says, is watching the weapons being destroyed. "They also go to commercial facilities that produce significant quantities of the chemicals that can feed into a chemical weapons program, but under legitimate circumstances are in the products that we make use of in our homes and lives every day," she says. (The OPCW goes into more detail about the issue of balancing these possible uses with their potential to harm.) Libya\'s Moammar Gadhafi agreed to give up the country\'s chemical weapons in 2003, a process with lessons for future weapons dismantling. Former U.N. weapons inspector Charles Duelfer discusses the challenges specific to Syria with Scott Simon, host of Weekend Edition Saturday. How U.S. Position Has Evolved On Chemical Weapons Modern chemical warfare is traced back to World War I. The Geneva Protocol, prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons in war, was signed in 1925. But the U.S. didn\'t ratify it until 1975. "And when it did, it reserved the right to retaliate in kind if chemical weapons were used against U.S. forces. That\'s largely because this was Cold War-era, and the Soviet Union had a large chemical weapons program," Smithson says. The U.S. position changed again in 1991, when President George H.W. Bush publicly renounced the right to retaliate in kind. The international Chemical Weapons Convention was adopted in 1992. JACKI LYDEN, HOST:  When they arrive on the ground, U.N. chemical weapons inspectors will have a daunting task. U.S. intelligence agencies say the Assad regime has amassed enormous stockpiles of sarin and mustard gas despite an international ban on manufacturing deadly chemical agents. Amy Smithson is a senior fellow at the Monterey Institute\'s Center for Nonproliferation Studies. She joins us to explain how Syria got these weapons in the first place. Amy Smithson, welcome to the program. A'] but not with ['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details\nExamples:\nProvided: "It was another quiet night -- the tail end of that same winter -- the last time I saw Lenny. \tI was northbound on Lake Shore Drive, fifteen over the special winter speed limit, which was supposed to keep the road salt spray from killing the saplings shivering in the median.  \tThe lake was a vast darkness on the right. To the left lay the park and beyond that a string of high-rent highrises climbed straight into the clouds. \tA shiny Mercedes shot past in the left lane. A rusty Buick followed along. I flipped the wipers on to clear the mist that had risen off the road. \tA horn sounded. I looked over as a brand new cab slipped up the Belmont Avenue ramp. I slowed down a bit and the cab pulled alongside. The inside light went on and Polack Lenny pointed a long finger at his own forehead. I couldn\'t read his lips but I knew that he was once again calling me a dot-head. "Hey, Lenny." I turned my own light on and gave him the finger in return. \tFor most of the years I\'d known him, we\'d both driven company cabs. I hadn\'t known his real name until he\'d won a taxi medallion in a lottery and put his own cab on the street. I\'d been one of the losers in that same lottery, and I was still driving for Sky Blue Cab. \tLEONARD SMIGELKOWSKI TAXI, Lenny\'s rear door proudly proclaimed. His last name took up the entire width of the door, which had some obvious advantages. He might never get another complaint. Everybody\'d get too bogged down with the spelling. \tLenny took both hands off the steering wheel and waved them around for me to see. I could almost hear his gravelly voice, "Look, Ma, no hands." He was obviously having a good time and he was probably rubbing it in a little. I was driving a three-year-old beater with 237,000 miles on it. If I took my hands off the wheel I\'d end up bathing with the zebra mussels, and Lenny knew it. \tHe put one hand back on the wheel and turned the other thumb down. I pointed a thumb in the same direction. It had been that kind of night. I held an imaginary cup of coffee to my lips and took a sip. Lenny shook his head, then laid his head on a pillow he made with one hand. He waved one last time, then his inside light went out and his cab dropped back. \t"What was all that?" my passenger asked as I sped back to 55. \t"Just your typical bitching and moaning," I explained. \t"It must be kind of scary." \t"What\'s that?" \t"All those drivers." \t"What drivers?" \t"The ones getting shot. It must be kind of weird." \tI\'ll bet, I thought, and I glanced in the mirror. He was slouched in the corner of the seat, looking towards the lake. His face had lost some battle years ago and was now dotted with scores of tiny craters. His hair was long and streaked with grey. He was too old to be dressed in trendy black, to be nightclubbing on a quiet Tuesday night. He was the kind of guy who would always go home alone. \t"What\'s your line?" I asked. \t"I don\'t follow you." \t"What sort of work you do?" \t"Graphic design." \t"Now that sounds scary." \tHe laughed. "Yeah, but nobody shoots us." \t"Probably all shoot yourself out of boredom," I said. \t"Hey, what\'s the problem, man?" The guy sat up straight and gave me a hard look. \t"Just making conversation," I said, the most easygoing guy in the world. \tI took the Drive until it ended, then followed Hollywood into Ridge. Past Clark Street, Ridge narrows and winds along, following some old trail. A few blocks later, parked cabs lined both curbs. Lenny wasn\'t the only one who\'d given up early. \tA skinny guy with a beaded seat cushion under his arm was leaning against one of the taxis. He looked my way and drew a circle in the air. A nothing night, I deciphered the code.  I waved and tapped the horn as I passed. \tThe meter was at $12.80 when I stopped just shy of the Evanston line. The guy handed me a ten and three singles and got out without a word.  \t"Thanks, pal. I\'ll buy the kid a shoelace." \tEverybody wants a driver who speaks English until you actually say something. Excerpted from Nobody\'s Angel by Jack Clark. Copyright 2010 by Jack Clark. Excerpted by permission of Hard Case Crime. All rights reserved." Match: "Excerpt: \'Nobody\'s Angel\'"', "Good morning, here are our early stories: -- 'Sliver Of Hope' In Freddie Gray Case, Former Baltimore Police Chief Says. -- Wilding? Ruff Ride? Dog's Road Romp On Tractor Sparks Puns. And here are more early headlines: Senate To Vote Thursday On Attorney General Nominee. (New York Times) Prosecutors Make Case For Death Penalty For Boston Marathon Bomber. (NBC) Group Fears 30,000 Migrants May Perish At Sea This Year. (Irish Independent) Hong Kong Officials Unveil New Voting Rules. (Reuters) Japanese Court Approves Restart Of 2 Nuclear Reactors. (Bloomberg) Today Is The 100th Anniversary Of The Use Of Chemical Weapons. (Globe & Mail) On Earth Day, Find Out What Animal You Are With The Google Doodle. (Time)"]

Question: Big Talent Lights Up Big Sky Country

This week, from Bozeman, Montana, an 18-year-old from Butte turns in some pianistic fireworks, a quartet of cello-playing siblings offers a unique take on Boccherini, and a teen violinist from Majorca captures the essence of Spain, playing Sarasate. Violinist Francisco Garcia Fullana comes from Majorca, Spain, but for over a year the 17-year-old has been studying at the Juilliard School in New York City. So far, Fullana is greatly enjoying life in New York, but the faster pace of the city took some getting used to because, "things are earlier and more punctual," he says.  Fullana performs "Zapateado" from Spanish Dances by Pablo de Sarasate. After winning a major competition in Madrid, Fullana once had the opportunity to play Sarasate's actual violin. "It was scary at first, having this rare, multi-million dollar Stradivarius on my shoulder," he recalls. "It was amazing how powerful and strong the sound was." Twelve-year-old harpist Tess Michel's musical life began at the age of five with piano lessons, but by then she already had her heart set on playing harp.  "I wanted to play ever since I heard harp music on my Peter Rabbit videos," she says. Michel started learning on a lever harp when she was six, and got a pedal harp when she was ten.  Most of Michel's nine brothers and sisters play instruments, and three of them play harp. The family lives on a farm in Helena, with two roosters, a hen, six rabbits, two goats, three llamas, and assorted cats, dogs, parakeets and horses. Michel performs a Sonatine by F. J. Naderman. All four members of  The Werner Cello Quartet are siblings — 18-year-old Hélène, 16-year-old Lucien, 15-year-old Mariel, and 13-year-old Andrée. They live in Montana but their teacher, Richard Aaron, lives across the country in Michigan. Surprisingly, this unusual arrangement involves no travel, because the teenagers take lessons via a video conferencing machine.  "After every lesson it feels like Mr. Aaron has been in the room with us," Mariel says. "We feel so lucky to study with a teacher who has the imagination and patience to show how effective music study can be in this medium."  Lucien arranges a lot of their music. The Quartet performs his arrangement of Luigi Boccherini's sixth cello sonata. Their encore — also arranged by Lucien — is a medley of classic rock standards. Flutist Lauren Osaka celebrates her 17th birthday with her appearance on From the Top's radio show, where she performs the third movement from Aaron Copland's Duo for Flute and Piano, accompanied by Christopher O'Riley.  After spending a summer at Boston University's Tanglewood Institute, Osaka says returning to high school was challenging because she missed being around so many other musicians.  "It was really hard with no one around to rant with about how cool Mahler or Tchaikovsky is," she says.  In addition to her passion for music, Osaka has a passion for cooking and describes herself as a serious "foodie." Recently her mom decided that everyone in the family should make dinner once a week, a project Lauren relishes because she enjoys trying out recipes and reading about cooking.  At age 18, pianist Emily Stearns is both an accomplished pianist and a hardcore environmentalist.  "I don't throw anything away," she explains. "I recycle anything I can — even the little strips of paper from Hershey's Kisses!" Stearns also is extremely health conscious. She eats a vegetarian diet, drinks a lot of green tea, and is positively "addicted" to yoga. Most mornings, Stearns wakes up with just enough time to eat some breakfast, get dressed, and practice the piano for an hour before school starts.  "I usually get to class about thirty seconds before the bell rings. It's perfect!" she says. Even though Stearns has a knack at getting things done just in the knick of time, she admits that she procrastinates too much and needs to be more punctual and organized, because she's going to college next year.  Stearns is a recipient of the Jack Kent Cooke Young Artist Award. She will receive an award of $10, 000 to help her continue her music studies and assist with her music-related needs. She plays Feux d'artifice, by Claude Debussy. This program originally aired on December 12, 2007.

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Question: Analysts: Credit Card Hacking Goes Much Further Than Target

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The holiday season data breach at Target that hit more than 70 million consumers was part of a wide and highly skilled international hacking campaign that's "almost certainly" based in Russia. That's according to a report prepared for federal and private investigators by Dallas-based cybersecurity firm iSight Partners. And the fraudsters are so skilled that sources say at least a handful of other retailers have been compromised. "The intrusion operators displayed innovation and a high degree of skill," the iSight report says. The report doesn't say specifically how Target's network was breached but says that a virus was injected into the retail giant's credit card swiping machines, and that malware allowed hackers to collect data from the magnetic stripes on payment cards. The problem for the security companies hired to protect retailers is, according to iSight, that the malware the bad guys are using can't be detected by anti-virus software. Who are these guys? Well, it's all part of an underground market that's been running for years — Planet Money featured this dark credit card underworld in 2011 — and the hackers writing data-stealing code are getting more sophisticated than ever. "There's already a lot of breaches related to the Target breach that aren't being disclosed," says Avivah Litan, a retail industry analyst for Gartner. "The chances that we'll see another big breach like this are probably 80 percent." Investigators believe people from Russian-speaking countries are involved because some of the programming code used against Target was partly written in Russian, according to The Wall Street Journal. "Both details suggest the attack may have ties to organized crime in the former Soviet Union," the Journal said, citing former U.S. officials. Litan says the hackers are "very smart. They have great training in mathematics and computer science over in Eastern Europe. These young kids don't have any work to do, there's not a lot of employment opportunities, they don't see this as really harming people directly, it's just harming the capitalist system. And they're great programmers, so why should they stop? They're getting away with it." Private companies, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Secret Service are investigating the latest breaches. But the broad and sophisticated hacking campaign leaves industry in a tough spot. Visa has said it plans to move to the more secure chip-and-PIN payment system — and away from magnetic stripes — for credit and debit cards by 2015. But that requires a lot of infrastructure change at stores, which are running on the familiar machines that are so vulnerable. In the meantime, the steady drip of information about security breaches continues. Early Friday afternoon, Reuters reported that the malware that infected Target is involved in "at least six ongoing attacks at merchants across the United States." On Thursday, Neiman Marcus CEO Karen Katz apologized to customers affected by a data breach at its stores in December.

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Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: 40 Years After Smith, Carlos Saluted Black Power

Forty years ago today, track and field athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos made their famous, silent gesture at the Mexico City Olympic Games.  They raised two black-gloved fists in a black power salute from the victory stand, during an Olympic gold medal ceremony.  For insight, NPR's Tony Cox speaks with David Steele, a sports writer for the Baltimore Sun and co-author of Silent Gesture: The Autobiography of Tommie Smith.

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Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: Bacon Shortage Is Hogwash

Rumors of a looming pork shortage have been greatly exaggerated. A British group caught the world's attention when it issued a news release predicting a bacon shortage. U.S.-based agriculture economists say while there won't be any bacon lines, get ready for higher pork prices.

When I woke up this morning and saw the headline Give  Chickpeas A Chance, I knew the time had come to salute one of my favorite NPR.org oddities: the food-pun headline. Now, some food headlines are simply great in their own rights, and I just enjoy saying them over and over and over again -- Demystifying The Quince! Cilantro: The Controversial Herb! -- but for some reason, there is an abundance of very excellent food puns, beyond "Give Chickpeas A Chance," and I decided it was time to share a roundup of some of my favorites. So give these headline writers a hand. And also a rowdy "BOOOOOOO!" Sparkling Wines To Keep Your Summer Bubbly Unicorn Gag 'Apology' Roasts Pork Board Uh-Oh: 15 Million Pounds Of SpaghettiOs Recalled Finally, New Yorkers Can Bee All They Can Bee World's Largest Banana Museum Forced To Split Climate Change Presents A Burr For Coffee Growers Octopalooza: Eight Arms Three Ways Brewery Business Hopping Despite Tanking Economy Competition Brews Over Decaf Beefer Madness Why the World Is Still Just Mad About Saffron Kernels of Truth About Cornmeal And my personal favorite ... drum roll ... Weed  It And Reap: A Meal With Nature's Outcasts


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Question: How to Pack for Air Travel During a 'Red Alert'

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U.S. airports have changed the rules about what travelers are allowed to bring on planes, following news of an alleged terrorist plot targeting transatlantic flights from Britain to the United States. Rudy Maxa, host of Minnesota Public Radio's Savvy Traveler program, talks with Alex Chadwick about how air travelers should pack to comply with the new rules. ALEX CHADWICK, host:  More now on travel and the complications people are going to face in airports in this country over the next few days. We're joined by Rudy Maxa, the savvy traveler. Rudy, welcome to DAY TO DAY.  RUDY MAXA reporting:  Nice to be with you, thank you.  CHADWICK: Here's a statement from Kip Hawley. He's the Assistant Secretary of the Transportation Security Administration, speaking today with advice for travelers at a press conference. Here he is.  Mr. KIP HAWLEY (Assistance Secretary, Transportation Security Administration): De-clutter your bag. If you let the TSOs have a clear view of what's in the bag with their X-ray, you'll move right on through. Leave the liquids at home, drink them, de-clutter your bag.  CHADWICK: Rudy, the TSOs are the guards at the X-ray machines searching your bags, and this term, de-clutter your bag, I don't think I'd heard that before.  MAXA: No, I've never heard that, either. I mean, what's interesting here is that in the United States, you can still take carry-on bags, but you can't have any liquids or gels in them, except for baby formula and medicines. And you know, you really don't think about how many liquids and gels you have when you travel, such common things as suntan lotion or toothpaste or make-up. So those are all going to have to go into your checked luggage.  MADELEINE BRAND, host:  Well, Rudy, we all have these horror stories of, you know, the exploding can of hair mousse in our checked luggage, so how do we prevent that from happening?  MAXA: I wouldn't put anything under pressure if I could avoid it. I put all mine in plastic bags, and you can find plastic bags in hotel rooms that offer laundry services, you can put them in baggies in checked luggage.  I don't know how long this is going to last, but in Europe, of course, and let's not get confused here - in Europe, you're not allowed to bring any electronic devices in your hand-held luggage, such a personal digital assistant or a cell phone or a lap-top computer, for that matter. That rule has not yet bee promulgated here in the States.  But I try to put all those things in one bag, so if they need to search electronic items, they can do it in one bag. I don't scatter them in two different carry-ons and a check-in bag. Now, the problem is if you're going overseas, of course, is consumer travel advisors such as I am have always said don't put electronic stuff in your check-in bag because it can get stolen or pilfered. So Europeans or those Americans going to Europe are going to have to deal with that issue of whether they trust putting electronic things in checked-on bags.  CHADWICK: You know, Rudy, I just wonder, thinking ahead for the next 48 hours, suddenly these new rules against carry-on liquids and things are imposed. What do you think it's going to be like getting through an airport in the next week or so?  MAXA: Well, as much as we think the media's blanketing the nation with this message, there's always a considerable number of people, whether they're airline passengers or not, who don't hear the news this morning or even maybe today. And so what you're going to have is a good number of people - I'm sure it's happening even as we're speaking - showing up at the X-ray machine checkpoint and TSA folks are saying, I'm sorry, what are you doing with a toothpaste? What are you doing with - and they're going, what do you mean what am I doing with toothpaste? What do you mean what am I doing with, you know, an extra bottle of water in my carry-on bag? And those folks are going to have to throw them away, right there, and so you'll have the usual amount of huffing and puffing, and it's really going to slow down security lines.  BRAND: Rudy, in London they've banned all carry-on bags, and I'm wondering if that could happen here.  MAXA: Well, it certainly could happen here, if this is a threat that seems to be still alive, you know. That would be a sea change in the way Americans travel. There seems to be a race these days, certainly among business travelers, to never check any luggage so they're not delayed, either at the airport or their luggage isn't lost. Not to be able to bring on carry-on would be an enormous change in the way Americans travel.  CHADWICK: Public Radio's savvy traveler speaking with us from Minnesota Public Radio. Rudy Maxa, thank you.  MAXA: Nice talking to you. Thank you, Alex and Madeleine.

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Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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Question: Schools Reconsider Focus on Elite Sports

In New York City and other school districts, educators  concerned about childhood obesity are beginning to rethink the way they go about physical education. They worry schools are placing too much emphasis on elite, competitive sports at the expense of the physical fitness of all students. Nancy Solomon reports.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recomends recordings of, one of the mainstays of every holiday season: the oratorio "Messiah" by George Frederic Handel.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: The Gestalt Gardener With Felder Rushing and Dr. Dirt

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The Gestalt Gardener Radio Program with your hosts Felder Rushing and Dr. Dirt

Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: Show #41 air date  October 16, 2007

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Health insurance in America is complicated and is a challenge for the business of health care and is also a political football. This week, moderator Terry Phillips leads a discussion about the current state of health care with guests who are truly experts. Dr. Varoujan Altebarmakian, MD is Physician-in-Chief at Kaiser Permanente in Fresno; Tom Epstein is Vice President of Public Affairs for Blue Shield of California; Mark Keppler is the Executive Director of the Maddy Institute at CSU Fresno.

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


Question:
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Given ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Theresa May Delays Critical Vote On Brexit Deal Amid Fears Of Its Defeat'], a positive would be ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Updated at 12:35 p.m. ET British Prime Minister Theresa May has postponed a critical vote on the draft Brexit deal she negotiated with the European Union, conceding that it would not have enough support to pass Parliament if the vote were held Tuesday as scheduled. "I\'ve listened very carefully to what has been said in this chamber and out of it, by members from all sides," May told the House of Commons on Monday, only to be interrupted by a peal of derisive laughter from lawmakers.  "From listening to those views," she continued after the noise in the chamber ebbed, "it is clear that while there is broad support for many of the key aspects of the deal, on one issue — the Northern Ireland backstop — there remains widespread and deep concern. As a result, if we held the vote tomorrow, the deal would be rejected by a significant margin." May did not immediately set a new date for the vote. She faces some looming deadlines, however. The prime minister must submit a final deal for parliamentary approval by Jan. 21, and the U.K. is set to leave the EU — regardless of whether a deal is in hand — on March 29. That marks two years from the moment May invoked Article 50 of the treaty that established the European Union, declaring the U.K.\'s intention to become the first member to leave the international bloc. The declaration of intent set the formal gears of Brexit in motion — and at the time, appeared to be a crossing of the Rubicon, an indelible step toward departure. But on Monday, just hours before May\'s address to Parliament, the EU\'s highest court ruled that the U.K. can cross back if it wants. The Court of Justice of the European Union said Monday that the U.K. is allowed to reverse its decision to notify the EU of its intent to leave — and to do so entirely on its own, without the consent of the bloc\'s other member states.  That window for the U.K. is open so long as it hasn\'t implemented a final Brexit agreement with the EU — and would remain open until Article 50 was due to take effect in March. The prospects of a final agreement have grown cloudier by the day.  May\'s draft deal has taken flak from nearly all sides of the U.K. political spectrum, including from within her own Conservative Party. The crux of the Conservative frustration rests with the status of Northern Ireland, which is part of the U.K. but also shares an open land border with the Republic of Ireland, an EU member. If London and Brussels can\'t agree on a future trade relationship, the draft deal establishes an arrangement, known as a "backstop," as a Plan B to determine how customs regulations at that border will work. Many conservatives have dismissed the draft deal as subjecting the region to unwelcome EU oversight; others have voiced concern about placing Northern Ireland under different rules from the rest of the U.K. At the same time, some members of Parliament who campaigned against Brexit have called for a second referendum. And Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish National Party leader and first minister of Scotland, said Monday that if Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn introduces a motion of no-confidence in May\'s government, Sturgeon\'s party would support the measure. "We can then work together to give people the chance to stop Brexit in another vote," she tweeted, tagging Corbyn. "This shambles can\'t go on — so how about it?" It is not the first time lawmakers have suggested introducing a vote of no-confidence in May. Members of May\'s own party floated the idea of a no-confidence vote on her leadership of the Conservative Party last month, but it died from a lack of support. On Monday, responding to the prime minister in the House of Commons, Corbyn did not specifically raise the possibility of a no-confidence vote — but he asserted that confidence in May\'s negotiations is flagging around the U.K. "The government is in disarray. Uncertainty is building for business. People are in despair at the state of these failed negotiations and concerned about what it means about their jobs, their livelihood and their communities," Corbyn said. "And the fault for that lies solely at the door of this shambolic government." The tumult has placed May\'s government between a rock and a hard place, between those who want to renegotiate the departure deal and others who demand the right to reverse the departure entirely. Meanwhile, representatives of the European Union have remained steadfast that the draft deal — which European leaders have already approved — is the only one on the table. "As [European Commission President Jean-Claude] Juncker said, this deal is the best and only deal possible," a commission spokesperson said, according to the BBC. "We will not renegotiate — our position has therefore not changed and as far as we are concerned the United Kingdom is leaving the European Union on 29 March, 2019." And May told British lawmakers she intends to follow through on that departure. "Even though I voted Remain," she said, "from the moment I took on t'] & a negative would be ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', 'Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Louisiana Mother And Her 3-Year-Old Daughter Are Killed In Tornado. -- Deadly Blast Rips Through Russian Metro Station, Russian State Media Report. And here are more early headlines: Trump Says U.S. Could Go It Alone Against North Korea. (CNN) Trump Welcoming Egyptian Leader To White House. (Guardian) Kushner Visits Iraq On Unannounced Visit. (New York Times) Senate Committee To Vote On Supreme Court Nominee Today. (NBC) Colombia Says At Least 254 Dead In Mudslide. (Reuters) Leftist Candidate Wins Close Ecuadorian Presidential Election. (Financial Times) New Talks On Northern Ireland New Powersharing Government. (Belfast Telegraph) Crude Oil Stops Leaking From Alaska Pipe; Spread Unknown. (Alaska Dispatch) Actress Doris Day Is Actually 95, Not 93. (People)']

Question: 'Weekend Edition' Puzzle

Puzzle master Will Shortz quizzes one of our listeners, and has a challenge for everyone at home. This week's winner is Elizabeth Oakley  from Columbus, Ohio. She listens to Weekend Edition on member station WCBE in Columbus.

NPR's Liane Hansen reads from Weekend Edition Sunday listener mail.


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Question: Multiple Messes: Mortgages, Foreclosures And The Banks

We're in the middle of multiple, housing-related messes. Here's a quick update. First, there's the foreclosure mess -- the one brought on by the revelation that mortgage companies improperly rushed through the paperwork on thousands of foreclosures. Lenders have been suggesting this week that they're pushing through that one. Bank of America and GMAC Mortgage, two of the companies at the center of this particular mess, said that they were re-starting many of the foreclosures they suspended a few weeks ago. (GMAC is owned by Ally, a Planet Money sponsor.) But the companies may not be through with this particular mess as quickly as they'd like. Several federal agencies are investigating the big mortgage companies, this morning's WSJ noted this morning. And that's on top of the ongoing investigation by attorneys general in all 50 states. There's also a mortgage-bond mess that's separate from the foreclosure mess. Read More: Forcing banks to buy back toxic assets The basic idea here is that companies that put together mortgage bonds (like Toxie) during the housing boom overstated the quality of the mortgages, or didn't do everything they were supposed to to make sure the loans were sound. When that happens, investors can force the banks to buy back the bonds. This has been going on for a while, but it jumped into the news this week when a bunch of investors -- including the New York Fed -- sent a letter to Bank of America, calling on the bank to buy back billions of dollars in bonds. In a conference call yesterday, B of A's CEO said the company would fight the request -- even if it meant going through each of the thousands of mortgages in contention. "It's loan by loan, and we have the resources to deploy in that kind of  review," the CEO said on a conference call. "We have thousands of people  who are willing to stand and look at these loans."

Stories: 1) Deadly Insurgents With Ties To U.S. Dollars 2) The Trouble With Health Problems Near Gas Fracking


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

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Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: Officer Who Confronted Capitol Mob Is Escorting Kamala Harris To Inaugural Ceremony

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On this day two weeks ago, U.S. Capitol Police officer Eugene Goodman became a hero, as he bravely directed participants in the pro-Trump mob that stormed the Capitol away from the Senate chamber. Today, officer Goodman was given the honor of escorting Vice President-elect Kamala Harris through that same building to the inaugural ceremony. Goodman, who is Black, is seen in a video confronting the mostly white mob, some holding Confederate flags, and diverting them away from the Senate chamber, where lawmakers were meeting in the process of certifying the results of the presidential election. Five people died in the rioting, and Goodman is credited with helping to avert additional bloodshed. Legislation has been introduced in Congress to give Goodman the Congressional Gold Medal for his actions. He has also been named the acting deputy sergeant-at-arms for the House for Inauguration Day.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- House Intelligence Chairman Devin Nunes To Step Aside From Russia Probe. -- In 'Important Step', U.S. Women's Soccer Team Reaches New Labor Deal. -- Ethics Panel Sends Case Against Alabama Governor To Prosecutors. And here are more early headlines: Baltimore Police Consent Decree Hearing Will Proceed. (Baltimore Sun) Study Says 1 In 10 Deaths Globally Due To Smoking. (Guardian) Colombia To Investigate Deadly Mudslide. (BBC) Myanmar Leader Suu Kyi Denies Ethnic Cleaning Charges. (Sydney Morning Herald) Hundreds Of Migrants Rescued Wednesday In Mediterranean. (VOA) Gambia Holds First Parliamentary Election Under New President. (Al Jazeera) Vegas Man Charged With Possessing Weapons Of Mass Destruction. (Las Vegas Review-Journal) Former Astronaut, Senator John Glenn To Be Buried In Arlington Cemetery. (VOA)


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Question: Apna Street : Demolition On 14th Gulli

Julian Crandall Hollick takes another look at the pavement dwellers in Mumbai (Bombay), the poorest of India''s poor. Since building huts on the sidewalk is illegal, the municipal authorities occasionally bring in bulldozers and knock them down while the pavement dwellers watch, preparing to start all over again.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Liberation Of Raqqa Will Be A Powerful Blow To ISIS

NPR's Mary Louise Kelly speaks with reporter Joby Warrick of The Washington Post and author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book "Black Flags: The Rise Of ISIS" about the status of ISIS after the loss of their de facto capitol, Raqqa.

Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: Oregon County In Extreme Risk Zone Makes Vaccination A Priority

Fifteen Oregon counties are designated "extreme risk" for COVID-19 due to high infection rates. Rural Linn County's public health office is working to convince people there to get vaccinated.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Sex, Heartbreak and Redemption

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This week on All Songs Considered, hosts Bob Boilen and Robin Hilton go on a haphazard musical journey across the globe to share their favorite new discoveries. Manchester's The 1975 start things off with the band's punchy song called "Sex." Then we head to Brooklyn for soul singer Charles Bradley, who keeps things heated with "You Put The Flame On It," a track from his upcoming album Victim Of Love. Back in Iceland, Ólöf Arnalds (not to be confused with her cousin Ólafur Arnalds) shares her beautifully sung new track "Treat Her Kindly." Also on the show: German musician, composer and Kraftwerk alumnus Karl Bartos supplies us with an epic electronic track, before we finish things off with a hauntingly beautiful cut from London-based poet, singer, illustrator and one-to-watch Keaton Henson. The 1975 Album: Sex EP Song: Sex Charles Bradley Album: Victim Of Love Song: You Put The Flame On It Ólöf Arnalds Album: Sudden Elevation Song: Treat Her Kindly Junip Album: Junip Song: Your Life, Your Call Karl Bartos Album: Off The Record Song: Rhythmus Keaton Henson Album: Birthdays Song: Teach Me

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: What, Really, Is A Monument?

Alva Noë is a philosopher at the University of California, Berkeley, where he writes and teaches about perception, consciousness and art. You can find him on Facebook and on Twitter: @alvanoe  We value works of art, whether by Leonardo da Vinci, Mark Rothko, or Rosie Lee Tomkins, for both personal and historical reasons. Artworks are the products of an individual person's labor and the expression of this person's personality and style. Certain art, also, appeals to us, individually. Artworks also stand as historical evidence; they are artifacts of the conditions when and where they were put together. When an artwork is destroyed, we lose not only our knowledge of an individual artist — but also our relation to the past is changed. The reality is different, though, when it comes to monuments. Monuments — as a general rule — obscure the conditions of their own production; they redirect our attention to the person or event they memorialize. Observers don't generally view the monument thinking about the artists. Do you know, for example, the name of the artist responsible for the Lincoln Memorial, or for the monument to Robert E. Lee in park in Charlottesville, Va., in the news this month? More often, they are thinking about who or what it memorializes. In addition, monuments are often constructed years after said event happens or said hero lived. One might be surprised to learn that both the Lincoln Memorial and Charlottesville's monument to Robert E. Lee went up about 60 years after the end of the Civil War. The curious thing about monuments — Vanderbilt University art historian Matthew Worsnick told me — is that it is almost as if they "slip into an archival box; they are treated as if they were a kind of evidence or relic of their subjects." When, of course, they aren't. Not really. The memorials to Robert E. Lee and Lincoln are very much the product of their own real time and place. The Civil War may have ended in 1865. But it is probably no accident that the Robert E. Lee statue in question went up in 1922, at the height of "Jim Crow," or that the Lincoln Memorial was dedicated two years later. But it is the distinct power of memorials — it is their point, really — that they obscure their partisan and parochial origins. In Worsnick's words: "Memorials often skew the timeline, they muddy the historical waters. They do this through a tendency to conceal the circumstances of their own production." To destroy a Leonardo is to hurt Leonardo's legacy, and to damage our grasp on his historical situation. But to destroy a monument to Robert E. Lee is to hurt his legacy, not that of the responsible artist — and it is to alter our felt relation to his time and place, rather than the time and place of the manufacture of his memorial. There are all sorts of exceptions to these generalizations, and there may be all manner of ambiguities. The Vietnam Veterans War Memorial, in Washington, for all that it is a memorial, is actually very much associated with Maya Lin, its creator — for example. And sometimes a memorial is truly a relic of that for which it stands as a memorial. Take, as an example, the Sarajevo Roses — scars created by mortar fire that were later filled in with red resin. The scars themselves actually date back to the siege of 1992-1995. What is the upshot of these considerations for the ongoing debate about memorials to the Confederacy? First, we must own up to the fact that the decision to let a monument stand — no less than the decision to take it down — is to take a stand on the subject matter of the monument. If you believe, as I do, that Robert E. Lee was a friend of slavery and an enemy of the United States of America, then the case for removing monuments to him is a strong one. Second, there is no reason to fear that tearing down such monuments will, or could, cause us to forget. The monuments are not and never have been relics of those bygone days. They carry no information about the past they are used to symbolize, only about our own reverential attitude to that past. And that's a reverential attitude it's time to change, in this case. Third, we must distinguish the objects — the actual statues — from their function as monuments. You can preserve the objects — the art and our felt relation to times past — without conserving their negative symbolic functions on public grounds. There are memorial parks in Moscow and Budapest, for example, where old Soviet monuments to Stalin and Lenin have been put on display. If you think there are good reasons to preserve these reminders our national history — that we once thought it useful to create the monument — this can be done without keeping them in force as monuments.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: From A Recently Released

From a recently released CD, violist Leo de Neve (LAY-oh deh NAIV) and the Royal Flanders Philharmonic Orchestra perform the cadenza from the Viola Concerto by Flemish composer Jef Maes (ZHEF MAIZ). The conductor is Gerard Oskamp (ZHAIR-ard OHS-kahmp). (Marco Polo 8.223741)

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


Question:
represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details
For instance you may be given '['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'Weapons of Mass Destruction']' and it should match with '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth:', 'Over the weekend, a defensive President Bush cited the discovery of what may be two mobile bio-weapons labs in answer to the question that\'s beginning to haunt his administration: Where are Iraq\'s weapons of mass destruction? Join host Neal Conan and guests for a discussion.

 Guests:

 NPR\'S Tom Gjelten
 *NPR News national security correspondent

 Marvin Ott
 *Professor of National Security Policy at the National War College

 Sen. Christopher "Kit" Bond
 *Republican from Missouri

 Amy Smithson
 *Senior associate with the Henry L. Stimson Center

 Rep. Jane Harman
 *Democrat from California\'s  36th District']' but not with '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', 'Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.']'.

Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.