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The provided query could be '['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', "Hands Up Don't Shoot: Thoughts From The Mizzou Photog Blocked During Protest"]' and the positive '['Represent this text', 'This week, anti-racism demonstrations at the University of Missouri\'s flagship campus in Columbia have been front and center in the news. One of the newsmakers was a journalist covering the story who inadvertently became part of it. Tim Tai, a senior journalism student, was covering the aftermath of the resignation of Mizzou\'s president, Tim Wolfe. Members of #ConcernedStudent1950 had gathered on the Carnahan Quadrangle, not far from the tent encampment they had declared a "safe space" from the race-based aggressions many say they have been subjected to for months. The announcement of Wolfe\'s resignation prompted cheers, hugs and tears from the black students and their allies who\'d called for Wolfe to step down after he failed to act on a number of complaints of racially insensitive behavior. Shortly after, the students declared their part of the quad a no-media zone and told reporters to go away. Tai remained outside their circle, but began taking photos of the human chain that had formed around the encampment. The resulting confrontation with the students and their adult supporters escalated from waving hands in front of Tai\'s camera to pushing up against him, all the while demanding that he leave. A video of the confrontation, of Tai trying to explain to the students that the First Amendment protects the rights of him and the students to occupy the same ground, and their angry response, went viral almost overnight. The confrontation has raised questions far beyond Mizzou about several important journalistic issues: how the media covers communities of color; whether having the legal right to document an event is balanced by a moral right to carefully and respectfully approach communities that are often marginalized and misreported on; and whether one should continue to take photos if the subjects of the story adamantly object. KBIA reporter Bram Sable-Smith talked with Tai after the dust was settling and asked him about many of those issues. Tai says he has no animus toward the students — he\'s a student, too, and he knows how overwhelming all the attention has been. "Dealing with the aftermath of this has been far more stressful than covering any protests," he told Sable-Smith. One thing he says he feels badly about is the widespread vilification of the students that has flooded social media. "I think there\'s a difference between holding people accountable for their actions and sending them nasty messages and threats."']' and the negative '['Represent the following document', "Stories: 1) A Year Later, Journalist Reflects On Iranian Unrest 2) Nazi Noir Ventures To Havana In 'Dead Rise Not'"]'

Question: Napa Gallery for Developmentally Disabled Artists

A new gallery in Napa is providing artists who have developmental disabilities, such as autism and Down syndrome, a place to produce, show and sell their artwork. A visit to the Brown Street Gallery offers insights into their creative world.

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: A Surprise Senate Battleground: South Dakota

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For South Dakotans who have enjoyed a relatively low-key campaign season so far, your peace and quiet is about to end. Both the Senate arm of the national Democratic Party and a crowd-sourced, anti-superPAC superPAC are preparing to flood the airwaves with ads backing Democratic candidate Rick Weiland and attacking former Republican Gov. Mike Rounds. South Dakota was supposed to be one of three easy pickups for Republicans in their bid to take control of the Senate — which means it's just a matter of time before Republicans and their outside group allies respond in kind. The flurry of activity comes after new polling that shows Rounds' big lead in the race has shrunk, with both Weiland and former Republican Sen. Larry Pressler within striking distance. Democratic Party leaders would be happy with either Weiland, a onetime aide to former Majority Leader Tom Daschle, or Pressler, who both in 2008 and 2012 endorsed President Obama. South Dakota has been a generally reliable Republican state in recent years, but Rounds has been dragged down by investigations into a state agency's use of a visa program that gives green cards to wealthy foreigners who invest in United States businesses. Rounds promoted the plan as governor, but a major beneficiary went bankrupt amid allegations of corruption and self-dealing. A spokeswoman at the National Republican Senatorial Committee said Rounds is in good shape and that it's a sign of Democrats' desperation that they are throwing money at a race in a state like South Dakota. Both the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee and Mayday PAC have said they will spend $1 million in South Dakota, although the Democratic money will also be used for voter turnout. The state is about as inexpensive a media market as they come. An ad buy designed so that the typical viewer will see it 10 times in a week costs about $250,000 in South Dakota – a fraction of what it costs in states with big TV markets. And while states like North Carolina and Colorado have seen tens of thousands of television ads so far this election, South Dakota had only seen about 12,000 through this week, at a total cost of $2 million, according to the Center for Public Integrity. If those hoping to defeat Rounds spend as much as they say, and those hoping to elect him match that, South Dakotans could easily be subjected to twice that number of ads in the final three weeks of the campaign.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Kerry Ad Controversy Puts Spotlight on 527s

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The federal campaign finance reform law was meant to stop the flow of "soft" money into elections. But a loophole in that law allows huge donations for ads by organizations known as 527s -- including the anti-Kerry Swift Boat Veterans for Truth. Hear NPR's Tavis Smiley, Arlene Holt Baker of a 527 group called Voices for Working Families, and Larry Noble, formerly of the Federal Election Commission.

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Question: The Jamestown Project

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Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Fortepianist Arthur Schoonderwoerd

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Fortepianist Arthur Schoonderwoerd (AHR-tur S[CH]OHN-der-vurd) plays the 12 Graz (GRAHTS) Waltzes, D. 924, by Franz Schubert in recital last month at the Utrecht Early Music Festival in the Netherlands.  (Radio Netherlands/RADMan Productions)

From a Spivey Hall appearance from the 1995-96 season, Welsh baritone Bryn Terfel (tair-VEL) and pianist Malcolm Martineau perform "Staendchen" by Franz Schubert. (Horton Systems Company/ACA Digital)


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Question: Friday, September 21, 2018

Attorneys for the woman accusing Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh of assault is discussing terms of her appearance before a Senate panel. In Texas, Sen. Ted Cruz and his challenger Beto O'Rourke are prepping for their first debate. Also, Britain's prime minister is trying to preserve the nation's access to the EU's single market after the Brexit.

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A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Tchaikovsky's 'The Queen of Spades'

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Peter Ilyitch Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades is a first-rate example of great literature that's further enlightened when set to great music. The opera is based on a groundbreaking story by Alexander Pushkin. In it, he wrote that "two obsessions can no more exist in the same mind than two bodies can exist in the same space." If you doubt that statement, or think it's for the best, just read the story — or have a listen to Tchaikovsky's bleak, operatic version of the tale. Then think again. Pushkin's unfortunate hero is a fellow called Hermann, who seems to have a dysfunctional soul. He observes the social lives of his friends, but stays to himself and won't participate. When a beautiful woman offers him love and companionship, he brutally exploits her for personal gain. In short, Pushkin's Hermann isn't exactly a barrel of laughs. Still, his ultimate fate does seem like a natural byproduct of his flawed personality. Tchaikovsky's take on his story is every bit as grim as the original — and maybe grimmer, thanks to an extra layer of sentiment. In the opera, Hermann isn't quite such a cold fish — at least not at first. When he meets Lisa the two instantly fall in love, and he's overjoyed. But that love gets tangled up with obsessive greed and, in a way, the opera becomes even more tragic than Pushkin's story. Tchaikovsky gives Hermann every chance to live a meaningful and satisfying life — which in turn makes his self-destruction feel wildly irrational and sadly unnecessary. On World of Opera, host Lisa Simeone brings us a production of The Queen of Spades from one of the world's great musical venues, the Vienna State Opera, with renowned tenor Neil Shicoff starring as Hermann. ACT ONE:  The opera is set in 18th-century St. Petersburg, and the first scene is in the city's Summer Garden. Three Russian soldiers are talking about last night's card game — and about their friend Hermann, who watched the game but refused to join in. Hermann arrives and says he's in love with a woman he has never met; he has only watched her from a distance. A rich prince named Yeletsky announces his engagement to a young woman named Lisa, the granddaughter of an aging Countess. When Lisa and the Countess join Yeletsky, Hermann discovers that Lisa is the woman he has fallen for from afar. Yeletsky and the two women leave and Tomsky, one of Hermann's friends, tells the Countess' story. When she was young, she was a rabble-rouser in the casinos of Paris. Once, after she lost a bundle playing cards, a mysterious man offered her the secret to winning big at the tables, in exchange for certain favors. The secret was a special sequence of three cards. She later shared it with her husband and with a young lover. But the Countess was warned that when a third man asked for it, she would die. A storm comes up, and Hermann is left alone in the garden. He decides that the Countess' secret to winning at cards is also his secret to winning Lisa. She'd never accept him as he is — he's too poor. But maybe, if he wins enough money, he can also win Lisa's heart. In the second scene, Lisa is in her room with friends. Their singing disturbs the Countess, so the friends leave and Lisa is alone. We find that her engagement to Yeletsky has been arranged for her, and she's not really in love with him. She's actually attracted to a dark young stranger she's seen in the street near her house. When she looks out, she finds that he's there again, standing under her window. She orders him to leave, but he says he can't live without her. Lisa relents, and before long the two are alone together in her room. ACT TWO:  Lisa and Yeletsky are attending a masked ball honoring the Empress. Hermann is also there, and Lisa has slipped him a note. She wants to meet him when the party is over. Hermann's friends decide to play a trick on him. As he ponders Lisa's note, they hide themselves in the crowd and whisper about Lisa, the Countess and the secret of the three cards. Hermann can't see them. He thinks he's hearing ghosts. The evening's entertainment is a play about a poor shepherdess who spurns a wealthy suitor in favor of true love with a lowly shepherd. As the play ends, Lisa finds Hermann and gives him a key. With it, he can reach her bedroom by going through the Countess' chambers. Hermann is overjoyed. Now, he thinks, he'll be able to confront the Countess and learn the secret of the three cards, then find his way to Lisa. Hermann uses the key and tiptoes into the Countess' apartment. He demands to know the secret, and she refuses to tell him. Desperately, Hermann pulls out a pistol. But when he threatens the old woman at gunpoint, she goes into shock and dies. The commotion wakes Lisa, who rushes into the room. Hermann tries to explain, but Lisa won't listen. She's convinced that Hermann never really loved her — that he has simply used her to get to her grandmother and learn the secret of the cards. She breaks down in tears and orders him to leave. ACT THREE:

Igor Golovchin (goh-LOHF-chin) conducts the Moscow Symphony Orchestra in "The Dance of the Tumblers" from Tchaikovsky's incidental music to "The Snow Maiden." (Naxos 8.553856)


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Question: Obama Discusses Faith At National Prayer Breakfast

Hosts Robert Siegel and Michele Norris tell us about Thursday's National Prayer Breakfast in Washington. President Obama spoke about his faith at the annual event. Mark Kelly — the husband of Arizona Rep. Gabrielle Giffords — also attended.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Giuliani Says Trump 'Did Know' About Stormy Daniels Payment. -- Trump Hints At Likely Release Of 3 Americans Held In North Korea. -- Freak Storm Sweeps Through Northern India, Killing Dozens. -- Men Arrested In Philadelphia Starbucks Reach Settlements. -- Yale Pulls Honorary Degree From Bill Cosby, The First Time In The School's History. And here are more early headlines: Trump Welcomes Shooting Survivors On National Day Of Prayer. (Express-News) Students Walk Out Of Class To Support Gun Rights. (Los Angeles Times) Gunmen Slay Churchgoers In Central African Republic. (New York Times) Hawaii Watches For A Possible Volcanic Eruption. (KGMB) It's World Press Freedom Day. (Reporters Without Borders)


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Question: Vietnam Expands Protection for People with HIV

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Vietnam is embarking on a campaign to end discrimination against people with AIDS and HIV. A new law will give new rights and protections to people with HIV, and the country is expanding the number of people getting treatment for AIDS. About 6,500 people currently are receiving antiretroviral drugs. That's about one-quarter of the 25,000 Vietnamese that are estimated to need AIDS treatment now. About 300,000 people are thought to be infected with HIV out of a total population of 84 million. The goal is to get the drugs to everybody who needs them within the next two years. Most of the funds come from PEPFAR – the President's Emergency Program for AIDS Relief. This year, the United States is expected to pump about $60 million into Vietnam, the only Asian country to get PEPFAR money. AIDS treatment is beginning to make a difference. It's visible at the Mai Hoa AIDS Center in Cu Chi, about an hour's drive from downtown Ho Chi Minh City. Tourists visit Cu Chi to see the tunnels dug by the Viet Cong during the "American War," as the Vietnamese call it. The Mai Hoa AIDS Center is a garden-like sanctuary down the road from the tunnel entrance. It's run by a diminutive, quiet-spoken Roman Catholic nun, Sister Tue Linh. "We serve AIDS patients who have no home and no family to live with," she says. "In many cases, they were rejected by their families. Before they came here, many didn't even live like human beings." Because of that stigma, it wasn't easy to establish the Mai Hoa AIDS Center. One province rejected Sister Tue Linh's plan. Then she got the land in Cu Chi. "But the local authorities didn't want us because they feared that HIV was related to drug users," she says. "The former Prime Minister told the authorities this land was our land. He said, 'We defeated the French, we defeated the Americans, so why should we fear AIDS?' That's how we came into being." Dr. Eric Krakauer of Harvard Medical School says when he first met Sister Tue Linh five years ago, her center was a place where homeless people with AIDS came to die. "They had a special room, or a couple of special rooms, set aside that were referred to as 'screaming rooms' --- a place where patients who were in extreme distress were taken so as not to upset the other patients," Krakauer says. Now that the Mai Hoa AIDS Center provides treatment, hardly anyone dies there. But its patients are still rejected by their families and communities. "If you're a member of a family in which there's someone with AIDS, your kids might have trouble going to school," Krakauer says. "You might have had difficulty selling your vegetables in the market. People sometimes stayed away out of fear, not only from people who had HIV infection but also from their family members." Vietnam officials aim to stamp out that stigma. Last year, experts warned them that the country could see a million new HIV infections over the next few years, if it didn't take strong action. That galvanized the National Assembly, which passed a comprehensive new law on AIDS and HIV. The law went into effect Jan.1. It's one of the strongest pieces of AIDS legislation in the world. Krakauer paged through the statute recently. "This is quite good," he says, pointing to one provision. "Under 'Prohibited Acts' (it says) 'Refusing to provide medical examination or treatment to a patient for knowing or suspecting that such person is infected with HIV.' That's a stronger prohibition against refusing to provide care than exists in Western countries." Under the law, relatives, neighbors and friends are expected to support and are for people with HIV. But the law goes beyond just telling people not to reject those with AIDS. "This is really important --- 'not allowed to terminate job contract of an employee or cause difficulties to this person in his or her work on the ground that such person is infected with HIV,' Krakauer adds about another section of the law. "That's really powerful." The law also promotes methadone treatment for drug addicts to prevent them from spreading HIV through dirty needles. It's a tremendous change in the attitude toward drug users in Vietnam. The nation has long taken a more punitive approach toward illicit drug use, calling it a "social evil" and putting drug users in detention centers. In most places, social change isn't as easy as passing a law. But in Vietnam, from the National Assembly down to the local commune, village and hamlet, society is highly organized. So when government wants things to change, it often is able to make it happen. And as more people get treatment for AIDS, attitudes change and the disease becomes less fearsome. At the Mai Hoa AIDS Center, most of the orphans are already on treatment. One 4-year-old girl, when given a shiny trinket from America, immediately runs outdoors with it, straight to a glass case containing row on row of ceramic urns. Each one contains the ashes of someone who died here. The little girl stands on tiptoe to show the trinket to a p

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lawmakers Seek Federal 'Oversight' Of Workers' Comp As States Limit Benefits. -- Syria's Assad Visits Moscow To Discuss Military Plans With Putin. -- U.S. Fighter Jet Reportedly Crashes Near Air Base In England. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Visit West Virginia, Discuss Plan To Fight Drug Abuse. (Time) Amnesty International Fears For Rohingya Muslims Missing At Sea. (VOA) Slovenia Asks For E.U. Help To Deal With Thousands Of Migrants. (AFP) Mexico To Restart Investigation Into Fate Of 43 Missing Students. (BBC) Tropical Storm Patricia Forms Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (NHC) Top U.S. Navy Officials Visit China's Aircraft Carrier To Smooth Ties. (Reuters) Singapore Church Leaders Convicted In Pop Music Fraud Scheme. (Sydney Morning Herald) Why Vultures Can Eat Rotting Carcasses And Not Get Sick. (Phys.org)


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Question: 'Songs Of Our Native Daughters' Lays Out A Crucial, Updated Framework for Americana

Note: NPR's First Listen audio comes down after the album is released. However, you can still listen with the Spotify and Apple Music playlists at the bottom of the page.  Lately, songwriting women across the roots-to-indie-rock spectrum have exemplified the power of solidarity — an understanding that teaming up will lead to shared insight, buoying empathy or freer, brasher expression. Coming together under the name Our Native Daughters proved to be an especially significant move for Rhiannon Giddens, Amythyst Kiah, Allison Russell and Leyla McCalla, who've shouldered a particular burden as banjo-playing women of color: They've not only been called upon to deliver compelling performances, but also to explain their connection to string-band lineages falsely presumed to be the historic domain of white men. After touring with McCalla in one iteration of the influential group Carolina Chocolate Drops — and crossing paths with both Russell (co-leading Po' Girl, then Birds of Chicago) and Kiah on the folk-festival circuit — Giddens invited the three to join her in writing, arranging and recording Songs of Our Native Daughters at the secluded Louisiana bayou studio of her co-producer, Dirk Powell. The four collaborators brought distinct voices to the affair, with McCalla's delivery characterized by willowy sereneness and subtly jazzy phrasing; Russell's by feathery, softhearted trills and curlicues; Kiah's by flintily soulful resonance; and Giddens' by lithe expressiveness and regal bearing. All are multi-instrumentalists, and even their approaches on banjo differ in rhythm, register and texture; Giddens plucks minstrel banjo, an earlier, fretless form, while the others play five-string or tenor. The resulting 13 tracks are a loosely woven tapestry of the members' contributions that's also strikingly sharp in vision. Giddens has done as much as any contemporary musician — or historian, for that matter — to demonstrate how reviving and riffing on traditional styles and repertoires can, and should, go hand in hand with unflinching, informed acknowledgement of the shameful realities that shaped them. Kiah, Russell and McCalla joined her in an artistic mission to supplant the portrayals of slavery as an abstract, ancient sin with the imaginative, immersive contemplation of its individual human impact and aftermath. In the liner notes (to which Giddens has strategically appended a bibliography to encourage further reading), she spells out the awareness that animates this collaboration: "There is surely racism in this country — it's baked into our oldest institutions — just as there is sexism, millennia old. At the intersection of the two stands the African American woman. Used, abused, ignored and scorned, she has in the face of these things been unbelievably brave, groundbreaking and insistent. Black women have historically had the most to lose, and have therefore been the fiercest fighters for justice — in large, public ways that are only beginning to be highlighted, and in countless domestic ways that will most likely never be acknowledged." The Daughters depict black women's resilience from numerous angles. In "I Knew I Could Fly," McCalla inhabits the role of Etta Baker, a Piedmont blues guitarist whose husband stood in the way of her performing career. McCalla sounds wistful and furtive, channeling Baker's secret knowledge of her musical ability and aspirations. "Quesheba, Quesheba" is Russell's hymn of lament and veneration to an ancestor she discovered was likely captured in Ghana and sold into slavery. The spirit and theme of the songwriting like that is new territory for Russell, and the same could be said for Kiah's Southern soul-rock number "Black Myself." Jabbing each line of the bluesy, mulish melody and supported by her bandmates' gospel-style harmonies, she depicts the simmering defiance of self-respect in the face of racism. In the song's most pointed confrontation, she inverts sacramental language familiar to Christian slaveholders: "Is you warshed in the blood of your chattel? 'Cause the lamb's rotted away." In other songs, the Daughters zero in on more tangible tools of self-preservation. "Better Git Yer Learnin," a peppy banjo tune that Giddens found in a minstrel songbook and gave new lyrics, is a formerly enslaved person's lecture to subsequent African-American generations to empower themselves with literacy. It makes spry, knowing use of justified bitterness. "So now that I am old and gray / Listen close to what I say," Giddens warns. "The white folks they will write the show / If you can't read, you'll never know." "Mama's Cryin' Long," on the other hand, offers the album's most emotionally wrenching storytelling. Over a syncopated, minimalist pattern of hand claps and tom-tom thumps, Giddens summons the wide-eyed distress of a child watching an overseer repeatedly rape his enslaved mother. Eventually, the stark, horrified lines she's singing, to which the other three Daughters respond in matte

Stories: 1) 'Inside' A Backup Singer's Journey To Center Stage 2) The Lyrics And Legacy Of Stephen Foster 3) A Rich Satire About Street Art, Or Is It A Hoax?


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Question: Director Barry Sonnenfeld Plays Not My Job

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Barry Sonnenfeld either directed or shot some of the best movies of the '80s and '90s. He was the cinematographer on the Coen Brother's first movies and directed the Men in Black movies and Get Shorty, among other works of dark genius. His movie Men in Black III came out in May. He plays a game called "Men in White," where he will answer three questions about people who play cricket. Originally broadcast April 28, 2012. PETER SAGAL, HOST:  When you think of successful movie directors, you think of people like the guy in Fellini's movie "8 1/2," confident, half dictator, half philosopher, half womanizer. CARL KASELL: That's three halves. SAGAL: Don't quibble. So we were surprised, and delighted to talk to Barry Sonnenfeld, director of such huge Hollywood movies as the "Men in Black" films and "Get Shorty." Turns out he's just as odd and nervous as we are. KASELL: Speak for yourself, Peter. Barry joined panelists Paula Poundstone, Tom Bodett and Amy Dickenson back in April, and told us how he got his start. BARRY SONNENFELD: I grew up in Washington Heights. I was the only child of Jewish persuasion. SAGAL: Really? Now, in the cultural stereotype, with which I am familiar... (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: That would mean that your parents doted on you somewhat. Was that true? SONNENFELD: Well let's just say we recently passed Earth Day and on April 22nd, 1969 at 2:20 in the morning, during an Earth Day concert, while Jimi Hendrix was warming up, the following announcement came over the speakers at Madison Square Garden: Barry Sonnenfeld, call your mother. AMY DICKINSON: No. SAGAL: You are kidding me. SONNENFELD: No, I'm not. (LAUGHTER) DICKINSON: Oh, whoa. SAGAL: And did you, in fact, call your mother? SONNENFELD: Well, I was supposed to be at home at 2:00. It was 2:20. And by the way, the perseverance of my mother to actually find someone at the Garden and convince them this was an emergency was so amazing that by the time I got to the pay phone - this is pre-cell phones - I assumed someone had died. So I called my mother, uncontrollably in tears and said "who died" and her response was "I assumed you did. Why aren't you at home?" (LAUGHTER) (APPLAUSE) DICKINSON: Wow. SAGAL: And how many years of therapy have you had, sir? (LAUGHTER) SONNENFELD: You know, not enough, as it turns out. SAGAL: Apparently. Well, we have benefited from that I guess. So you're a Jewish kid, you grew up in New York with a Jewish mother. Whenever I've seen a photo of you, you're always wearing cowboy boots and a cowboy hat. SONNENFELD: Yes, you see, the truth is I embrace all thing cowboy. It's my way of trying to be manly. I often wear fake cowboy mustaches. SAGAL: Really? SONNENFELD: You know, when you're on the set and it gets really boring, you say to the hair and makeup people, "hey, you got any interesting mustaches today?" SAGAL: Have you ever actually spent time with or around actual cowboys doing cowboy things, riding and roping and stuff like that? SONNENFELD: I forgot to mention that I direct while sitting on a saddle. So... SAGAL: Wait a minute. Wait a minute, what? SONNENFELD: I'm on a saddle that sits on what's called an apple box. It has wheels. And recently, the grips had to add additional wheels because the saddle kept throwing me. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Wait a minute, it's like "cut, everybody. The director's chair just threw him to the ground." SONNENFELD: Yes. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: I had always understood... SONNENFELD: Yeah. SAGAL: ...that a movie director needs to be a dictator, needs to exude absolute authority to get everybody to get together and move in the same direction, all those egos, actors and technicians and artists. Does the saddle help with that? (LAUGHTER) SONNENFELD: Well, you know. SAGAL: And the cowboy hat? SONNENFELD: One of the things that I learned from my mother I call strength through weakness. SAGAL: OK. (LAUGHTER) SONNENFELD: And I find that if you look like you're in need, because, you know, the saddle is throwing you and stuff, others will really come and sort of take up the slack. SAGAL: So instead of, like, striking fear into their hearts or demanding their loyalty with your authority, you're sort of relying on their pity. They're like going, oh, let's not misbehave, Barry might crack. SONNENFELD: Oh god, yes, and it's worked for me quite well. (LAUGHTER) DICKINSON: Barry, didn't you direct "Wild, Wild West"? Was that you? SONNENFELD: Yes. And that was very difficult because of the actual horses involved in that movie. DICKINSON: I know. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Yes, "Wild, Wild West," this was the reboot of the famous TV series. It had Will Smith and Kevin Kline. It was an actual western. There you were, horses. Did you actually get to ride a horse around? SONNENFELD: I personally avoided the horses. You don't want to go anywhere near a horse. They're kind of really scary, to me. (LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Wait a minute. So you dress like a cowboy, you sit on a saddle when you're directing your movies, but you are scared

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Question: American Zoos Help Return Condor To South America

In the high Andes of South America, one of the world's great birds is making a comeback. The condor is returning from the brink of extinction, thanks to a program in which condor chicks are raised in American zoos and then released in the wild. Success, though, depends on the cooperation of farmers and shepherds — and in one special case, a group of Colombian army soldiers assigned to a rocky cliff. Getting to condor country requires going high, on narrow, boulder-strewn mountain passes in a sturdy, off-road vehicle. The mountains are so high and strikingly picturesque that they leave you breathless. Biologist Olga Nunez says it is hard to reach the high peaks that are home to the large birds. Weighing as much as 35 pounds, with wings that can stretch up to 11 feet, the condor is simply magnificent. Using the roaring mountain winds and thermal currents to ascend to 15,000 feet, the birds search for the rotting remains of dead sheep, deer or rodents — and then strip meat off bone in minutes. The condors' voracious appetite, coupled with their search for food across hundreds of square miles, led farmers to mistakenly believe they snatched sheep, and even small children. "Indiscriminate hunting killed off the condors in this region," Nunez says. American zoos, which had decades of experience with the birds, stepped in to painstakingly raise condor chicks. "At about a year or a year and a half of age, when they are well on their way to development, that's when we start talking about exporting them to Colombia for release," says Michael Mace, the curator of birds at the San Diego Zoo. The birds are then set free in the Andes Mountains of South America. There are now 30 condors in the stretch of mountains north of Bogota. Nunez says a vital part of the program's success has been teaching farmers, shepherds and one small group of soldiers to care for the big birds. A few miles from where the condors are released, 43 soldiers are deployed on a frigid base, 13,000 feet above sea level, at Pena Negra, or Black Cliff. Their job has been to guard vital radio communications equipment against anti-government guerrillas. These days, however, with training from Nunez, Edison Quintian and other soldiers now watch for condors. "Since we're here, we monitor the birds and let Nunez know if there's any change in behavior," Quintian says. On a recent day, though the sky was bright blue, the condors didn't show up even as Cpl. Manuel Vargas scanned the horizon and explained that soldiers had laid out a cow's remains for the birds. But Colombia now has perhaps 180 condors, more than twice as many as a decade ago, and the soldiers know the birds will be back. SCOTT SIMON, Host:  NPR's Juan Forero has the story from the peaks of Central Colombia. (SOUNDBITE OF VEHICLE) JUAN FORERO: Getting to condor country requires going high, on narrow, boulder-strewn mountain passes in a sturdy four-by-four. OLGA NUNEZ: (Spanish language spoken) FORERO: It's hard, says biologist Olga Nunez, to reach the high peaks that are home to condors. Mountains so high, and so strikingly picturesque, that they leave you breathless. (SOUNDBITE OF FOOTSTEPS AND BREATHS) FORERO: Weighing 35 pounds, and with wings stretching eleven feet, the condor is simply magnificent. (SOUNDBITE OF ROARING WINDS) FORERO: Roaring winds here mean thermal currents lifting the birds up. From 15,000 feet, they search for the rotting remains of dead sheep, deer or rodents and then strip meat off bones in minutes. The condors' voracious appetite, coupled with their search for food across hundreds of square miles, led farmers to mistakenly believe that they snatched sheep, even small children. NUNEZ: (Spanish language spoken) FORERO: American zoos, which had decades of experience with the birds, stepped in - painstakingly raising condor chicks, says Michael Mace, the curator of birds at the San Diego Zoo. MICHAEL MACE: Then, at about a year or a year and a half of age, when they are well on their way to development, that's when we start talking about exporting them to Colombia for release. FORERO: The birds are set free here. (SOUNDBITE OF ROARING WINDS) NUNEZ: Wow. Adios. (SOUNDBITE OF APPLAUSE) FORERO: Now, there are 30 condors in this stretch of mountains north of Bogota. Nunez says a vital part of the program's success has been teaching farmers, shepherds and one small group of soldiers to care for the big birds. (SOUNDBITE OF CONVERSATIONS AND RATTLING METAL) FORERO: A few miles from where the condors are released, 43 soldiers are deployed on a frigid base, 13,000 feet above sea level, at Pena Negra, or Black Cliff. Their job has been to guard vital radio communications equipment against anti-government guerrillas. (SOUNDBITE OF RADIO COMMUNICATION) FORERO: These days, though, with training from Nunez, Edison Quintian and other soldiers now watch for condors. EDISON QUINTIAN: (Spanish language spoken) FORERO: On a recent day, the sky was bright blue. But the condors didn't show

It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: Popular Health Exchange In Jeopardy After Surprise Republican Win

More than 500,000 people have gotten health insurance in Kentucky through the state's health care exchange, Kynect, and through expanded Medicaid. Kentucky has seen the second-steepest drop in uninsured of any state. Supporters of the health care law point to it as one of the success stories, but the man who very well could become the state's next governor is vowing to "dismantle" Kynect and cancel the Medicaid expansion. "We will have a very spirited discussion as it relates to health care in our state. Trust me on that," vowed Republican Matt Bevin, the surprising apparent winner of the contentious GOP gubernatorial primary. The Tea Party-backed Bevin finished just 83 votes ahead of James Comer, the state's agriculture commissioner, out of more than 200,000 votes. (There will be a recanvass next week, matching numbers recorded at polling locations to totals sent to the state, but with votes counted electronically in the state, it is unlikely much will change in the vote total.) "Obamacare's been very good to the state," said Al Cross, director of the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues at the University of Kentucky. But President Obama is very unpopular in the state and anything associated with him is, too. Kentuckians and Bevin are stressing the "first three syllables instead of the last one" in Obamacare, Cross said. It is the latest example of the problems Obama's signature legislation has faced at the state level, where most governors and legislatures are in Republican hands. The Affordable Care Act, often called "Obamacare," can be viewed very differently based on the name. In 2013, Hart Research and Public Opinion Strategies, the bipartisan pollsters who conduct the NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll, tested that in 2013 for CNBC. The poll asked separately about feelings toward "Obamacare" and the "Affordable Care Act." There was almost a 10-point difference in how much more negatively people felt toward "Obamacare," and almost three times as many did not know the "Affordable Care Act." It was similar when the question was asked specifically in Kentucky about feelings toward "Kynect" and "the new health care law." An NBC News/Marist poll in May 2014 found by a 29 percent to 22 percent margin that Kentuckians had a favorable opinion of their state health care exchange. But 57 percent had an unfavorable view of "Obamacare," while just 1 in 3 had a positive one. In Kentucky, the governor has the power to unilaterally create or disband programs like Kynect, Cross said. Incumbent Democratic Gov. Steve Beshear chose to both set up a state exchange and expand Medicare. But he is term-limited. Bevin, a venture capitalist who lost badly in a Senate primary last year to Mitch McConnell, would face off with Democrat Jack Conway. Conway, the state attorney general, starts as a slight favorite, but Kentucky is a conservative state, and Conway struggled in his 2010 Senate bid against Republican Rand Paul. Bevin made getting rid of Kynect and the Medicaid expansion central to his campaign. He is also vowing to implement right-to-work laws and shrink government, in part, through attrition of public sector workers. "I think it, too, is destined to crumble under the weight of its own instability," Bevin said of Kynect when he announced his long-shot bid for governor. Bevin wound up breaking through in the primary, in large measure, by pitting the two front-runners against each other. He did it with this memorable ad, depicting Comer and Hal Heiner, a former Louisville city councilman, as children at a backyard table throwing food at each other: "Hal Heiner and James Comer are acting like children, throwing insults and attacking each other," an announcer says as pasta splatters across the lens. "Kentucky can do much better." The ad pivots, labeling Bevin as "grown-up leadership for Kentucky." But now it will be Bevin's policies that come under sharper scrutiny. He argues the state cannot afford the Medicaid expansion, which was the biggest reason for the drop in the uninsured. Federal funds currently pay for it, but that money will eventually go away. "The fact that we have 1 out of 4 people in this state on Medicaid is unsustainable; it's unaffordable," Bevin said during the campaign, "and we need to create jobs in this state, not more government programs to cover people." But Medicaid expansion is different than Kynect, which has been held up as one of the best-functioning state exchanges in the country. "He won't get away with it," Cross maintained of Bevin's promise to get rid of Kynect. "He'll have to get serious about it at some point and stop conflating Kynect and the Medicaid expansion."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Texas Businesses Gear Up To Defeat 'Bathroom Bills'

Legislation that supporters call “religious freedom bills” continue to be debated in state legislatures across the country. Yesterday, Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam signed legislation that allows mental health counselors and therapists to refuse to treat patients based on religious objections or personal beliefs. Businesses are playing an increasingly vocal role in the debates over these laws, which opponents say allow discrimination against people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender. Following fallout from controversial bills in North Carolina and Mississippi, businesses across Texas are gearing up to take on similar bills in the legislature. Ashley Lopez from Here & Now contributor KUT in Austin reports.
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Ashley Lopez, reporter at KUT, Austin. She tweets @AshLopezRadio.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Freddie Gray Update: New Speculation On His Death, And Peaceful Protests. -- Just Do It: Obama Tries To Sway Skeptical Democrats On Trade. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Choose Chicago To Host His Presidential Library. (USA Today) Vt. Senator Sanders Declares Bid For Democratic Presidential Nomination. (The Hill) U.S. Navy To Guard American Flagged Ships In Strait Of Hormuz. (Wall Street Journal) House Votes To End D.C. Law Banning Discrimination Against Women Who Have Abortions. (Washington Post) Chilean Volcano Erupts A Third Time. (Guardian) California Cites Sea World For Failing To Protect Workers Who Care For Killer Whales. (U-T San Diego) Tesla Motors Turns To Energy Systems For Homes. (New York Times)


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Question: Democrats Make Nice in First Presidential Debate

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Democratic presidential hopefuls squared off in Orangeburg, S.C., in the first primary debate of the 2008 presidential race. On hand were Senators Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, Chris Dodd, and Joe Biden.   Joining them were Former Alaska Sen. Mike Gravel, Rep. Dennis Kucinich, New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson, and 2004 Vice Presidential Nominee John Edwards. NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, who watched the debate in Orangeburg, tells Melissa Block that Obama and Clinton kept a cordial tone throughout, often referring to one another as "my friend." The debate came nine months before the first scheduled primary next year.


Question: Book Review: 'The Friend' Wins 2018 National Book Award For Fiction

NPR's Scott Simon speaks with author Sigrid Nunez about her novel, "The Friend," which just won the 2018 National Book Award for Fiction.

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Stories: 1) William Maxwell, the 'Wisest, Kindest' Writer 2) Patricia Brooks: A Singular Singer Remembered 3) '4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days' of Struggle


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Question: Why Oklahomans Don't Like Basements

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When Randy Keller moved from Texas to the Oklahoma City area seven years ago, he couldn't find the house he was looking for. "I was moving from Texas, where there are also a lot of tornadoes," says the professor of geology and geophysics at the University of Oklahoma who experienced the 1970 tornado in Lubbock, Texas. "But I just couldn't find one." He didn't know it at the time, but Keller, who is also the director of the Oklahoma Geological Survey, says he later discovered that the soil and water conditions in the central part of the state turned out to be the reason for the shortage of basements. "We've got a high water table and red clay that expands and contracts depending on how much moisture there is in the soil," Keller says. "That expansion and contraction causes cracks in basement wall, and cracks mean leaks." He isn't the only prospective buyer to have noticed the paucity of below-ground residential accommodations. "I've always been told our soil is not good for basements," says Russell Benson, an Oklahoma City real estate agent on Trulia, in response to a prospective buyer asking why basements were so rare in Oklahoma. "I have sold a few older homes that had basements, but they were never in that great of shape." A realty agent friend told Keller that because basements in Oklahoma have such a reputation for leaks, they can actually be a barrier to resale. The massive EF-5 tornado that swept through the region Monday, killing at least 24 people, missed Keller's basement-less home by only a few miles. For John Hole, the president of Foundation King contractors, which operates in the Oklahoma City area, it was an even closer call. The twister hit just a mere six blocks from his house. But he and his wife weren't there at the time. They don't have a basement and decided instead to shelter at a nearby church, which does have one. As the name of his company implies, Hole does foundations — but not many basements, especially in single-family homes. It's that shifting red clay that's the problem, he says, mostly for the central and northeastern parts of the state. "Red clay is susceptible to water and heat. It moves; it causes cracks," he says. "So, you're going to need pumping systems and backup power to run the pumps because eventually the water's going to get in." "For most homeowners, it just doesn't make sense, moneywise," he says. According to Weather Underground, the frost line and Oklahoma building codes also might be a contributing factor:  "In the northeastern U.S., building codes generally require homes to be built with their footing below the frost line, which means that builders already excavate enough earth during construction to create a basement. "In the southern U.S., however, building codes don't require this."  Adding a basement then would require more excavation than a contractor would normally be required to do. Mike Hancock, president of Basement Contractors, says basements don't have to leak. In fact, on his company's website, there's a prominent link to a section called "debunking the myth." "There's an old stereotype that you can't build basements in Oklahoma," says Hancock, whose business is one of a few in the area that will even build residential basements. His theory is that basements are out of many contractors' comfort zone, so it's easier for them to say it's impossible than to admit they can't do a leakproof job. Basements are so rare, Hancock says, that the listings service for local residential real estate doesn't even have a box to check for a basement. But the fear of tornadoes is a "prime concern" of many of his customers who do want a basement in their home, Hancock says. "It's always in the back of their minds, what am I going to do if there's a tornado," Hancock says. He says that a lot of times, he's asked to put a safe room inside the basement itself, with "extra-thick interior walls, FEMA-approved doors and concrete supports instead of wooden joists," which can splinter and become razor-sharp shrapnel during a tornado. At a news conference Tuesday, Albert Ashwood, the director of the Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management, said that the Federal Emergency Management Agency had funded similar safe rooms for more than 100 schools, but that the two schools flattened by Monday's tornado were not on the list. At least nine students were killed at the two schools. Safe rooms, Ashwood said, are a "mitigating measure. It's not absolute." However, any safety measure could have helped the kids survive, he said. One alternative, he said, is a small shelter dug under a garage that can fit perhaps six people. Hancock says his company doesn't do that kind of work, but he thinks it's a good idea. "The only problem is that they're small and with debris piled on top, it could take rescuers some time — perhaps days — to reach the survivors," he says. Keller, the geology professor, still puzzles over the basement thing. "I guess it's not considered a plus," he says. "But, a

L.A. Gang Violence Spurs Politicians to Action. Central Valley Farmers Put Their Faith in Hail Cannons.


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Question: Afghan Voters Brave Taliban Threats

Despite sporadic violence and threats by the Taliban, voters took to the polls in Afghanistan's parliamentary election Saturday. About 2,500 candidates vied for 249 seats in the parliament. Guest host Mike Pesca checks in with NPR's Kabul bureau chief, Quil Lawrence.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No End In Sight As Government Shutdown Begins. -- Obama: 'Perpetual Cycle Of Brinksmanship ... Has To End.' -- In Talk Of Shutdown, A Familiar Feeling At The White House. And here are more early headlines: Despite Government Shutdown, Obamacare Opens Enrollment Today. (Reuters) Israeli Prime Minister Visits U.N. Today, Warning Against Iran. (CBS) U.S. Diplomats Expelled From Venezuela For 'Sabotage'. (CNN) Bangladesh Sentences Opposition Leader To Death For War Crimes. (BBC) Greece Cracks Down On Far Right Party Accused Of Murder, Corruption. (Guardian) Jury Seated In Insider Trading Trial Of Dallas Mavericks Owner. (New York Times) UC Berkeley Blast May Be Linked To Underground Copper Theft. (San Jose Mercury News) Police Catch Thief Sprayed With Liquid That Glows In Ultraviolet Light. (Reuters)


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Question: From A New Cd, Violinist

From a new CD, violinist James Buswell performs the Gavotte and Bourree from the Violin Partita No. 3 in E by J.S. Bach. (Centaur CRC 2147/48)

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Russia Charges Leading Dissident With Embezzlement

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Government prosecutors in Russia have brought criminal charges against a leading dissident, Alexei Navalny. Navalny writes a popular blog that points to alleged corruption in the Russian government, and he helped lead the anti-government protests in Moscow this past winter. He says the charges — that he stole timber from a state-owned company — are part of a campaign to crack down on opposition by Russian President Vladimir Putin and his regime. Before he entered the prosecutors' office for questioning on Monday, Navalny told reporters that he expected to be charged. For the past four years, he said, the Putin regime has been threatening to take action against him. "I'm not happy about it, but it's part of the job," he said. A Challenge To The Government Navalny's self-appointed job has been to write about government corruption and shady dealings in his blog. The 36-year-old lawyer emerged as the most charismatic of the opposition leaders, working the crowds at anti-Putin rallies with a high-energy, call-and-response style. It doesn't hurt that he's a handsome man, with blue eyes and a distinctive cleft in his chin. Masha Lipman, an editor and media analyst at the Carnegie Center in Moscow, says "of all people who are prominent in the protests, he has the largest grant to call himself a leader and this makes him a scary challenge for the government." Lipman says there's a potential danger for the government in prosecuting such a popular figure. "Nobody knows [what will happen] if he is jailed. Would this act as an intimidating signal to the people or would it radicalize the protest?" she asks. Navalny has been arrested several times already. Along with other opposition leaders, he served a 15-day sentence after a protest in May. That prompted Amnesty International to declare him a prisoner of conscience. In June, Navalny was one of several opposition figures whose homes and offices were searched by Moscow prosecutors. Case May Raise Profile Government critics say the actions are signs that Putin is prepared to crack down hard on dissent. But analyst Alexei Mukhin says he thinks any harsh government action against Navalny now would help him raise his profile among the Russian people. Mukhin is the director of the Center for Political Information in Moscow. He says public opinion polls show that although Navalny is well-known among the Internet community, he has very little name recognition among ordinary Russians, most of whom get their news from state-run television. In the past, Navalny has shown a nationalist, anti-immigrant streak that worries some of his liberal supporters. He was involved in the founding of the nationalist group NAROD and declared that immigrants from Central Asia would never assimilate into Russian culture. Facing Possible 10-Year Sentence The latest charges against Navalny accuse him of being part of a scheme to steal government-owned timber several years ago when he was an adviser to the Kirov regional governor. Navalny was investigated on similar charges last year, but the case was dropped for lack of evidence. This time, the charges are more severe, and a conviction could bring as much as 10 years in jail. In an interview on the independent Dozhd TV, Navalny said he's been told he should regard the charges as a gift that will draw more attention to his work, but he adds he's also aware of the dangers. On the one hand, he says, he's glad that he is making enough problems for the regime to scare them, but he's not happy knowing that, in his words, "sooner or later, they will put me in prison." Navalny has been barred from leaving the country while the investigation continues.


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Question: Crews Fight Fires and Rehab Land in the Northwest

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Idaho tops the West this week for the number of wildfires and the amount of land that's burning.

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Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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Question: Industrial Land Conversion

High property values are driving local developers to convert industrial land to housing, retail and office space. Forum looks at what cities are doing to preserve industrial jobs while promoting other types of development.

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Iraq Government Braces for Zarqawi Reprisal Attacks

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The Iraqi government has imposed a mid-day traffic ban in Baghdad and in the town of Baqouba, about 30 miles northwest of the capital. That's near where terrorist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was killed Wednesday. There are fears Zarqawi supporters will stage reprisal attacks.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Airstrikes Move To Syria, Target More Than Just ISIS. -- New ISIS Video Released Of British Hostage. And here are more early headlines: Israel Shoots Down Syrian Warplane. (Businessweek) Obama To Speak To Delegates At World Climate Summit. (CNN) Wind May Fan Huge Wildfire Burning East Of Sacramento. (AP) World Health Organization Fears 20,000 Ebola Deaths By November. (NBC) China Imposes Life Term On Uighur Scholar For Dissent. (Financial Times) Norway To Aid Liberia In Anti-Deforestation Effort. (BBC) Search Intensifies For Suspect In Pennsylvania Trooper Slaying. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Mexican Mine Spill Threatens Arizona River. (Sierra Vista Herald)


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Question: The News Roundup — Domestic

As spring breakers flock to the nation’s beaches, surges of COVID-19 have been recorded around the country. In fact, now that America’s senior citizens are being vaccinated at high rates, those aged under 50 are now more likely to be hospitalized due to COVID-19 than those over 65. The murder trial of former Minneapolis Police officer Derek Chauvin trial started this week. Chauvin stands accused of killing George Floyd last May by kneeling on his neck. It’s been a consequential week in politics for transgender Americans. The Pentagon reversed a transgender military ban leftover from the Trump administration. And Arkansas became the first state to ban doctors from providing gender-affirming medical care to trans youth. We cover the most important stories from around the country. Find the songs we played this week on the show

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: What Happened Today: Health Care System Crumbles, Testing Questions

Marc Lipsitch, a professor of epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health, answers questions about access to testing for COVID-19, false-negative results and the challenges of mass testing.

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Lethal Injection On Trial. Greenhouse Gas Bill To Be Signed as Legal Fights Continue. End Music.


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Question: Forum In N.H. A Warmup For First GOP Debate Of 2016 Race

Fourteen Republican presidential hopefuls made for a crowded GOP field Monday night in Manchester, N.H. Donald Trump declined to attend. It wasn't a debate, but rather two rounds of fast-paced interviews with the candidates over two hours. The event took place as some of the participants scramble to make the final cut for the first official debate set for Thursday in Cleveland.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Crowd  Gathering Again In Cairo, But Outside Square Life Is Normal -- Economy  Grew Less Than Previously Thought In Third Quarter. -- Reports:  Three American Students Arrested In Cairo. -- One  Thing's For Sure, Superfailure Guarantees 'Long Election-Year Debate'. -- VIDEO:  UC Davis Chancellor Apologizes For Pepper-Spraying. -- Talk  About Rough Politics: Korean Lawmaker Sets Off Tear Gas Canister. Other stories making news: -- Republican Presidential Contenders Debate Again Tonight; "5 Things To Watch For." (Politico) -- "Missing MF Global Funds Could Top $1.2 Billion." (The Wall Street Journal) -- "Top Blagojevich Adviser Rezko To Be Sentenced Today." (Chicago Tribune)


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Question: The Number 6 Says It All About The HealthCare.gov Rollout

When it comes to health care, the rollout of the Affordable Care Act was supposed to be measured in the millions. That's how many people were expected to sign up for insurance to begin on Jan. 1. But for both supporters and opponents of the law, there's one number that sticks out above all others. Six. That's how many people actually managed to enroll through the federal HealthCare.gov website the first day it opened, Oct. 1. About the only thing that was clear for the first month was that, except in a handful of states, things were going anything but smoothly. Federal officials steadfastly refused to release any enrollment numbers until mid-November. That led to cries of outrage from political pundits, threats of investigations by members of Congress, and a steady stream of ridicule. On Oct. 27, Saturday Night Live opened its show with Kate McKinnon playing embattled Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. "If our website still isn't loading properly," McKinnon deadpanned, "we're probably just overloaded with traffic. Millions of Americans are visiting HealthCare.gov. Which is great news. Unfortunately the site was only designed to handle six users at a time." Little did SNL's writers know how accurate they were. Just days later, notes subpoenaed by the House Oversight Committee revealed that was precisely how many people successfully navigated the site from beginning to end on HealthCare.gov's opening day. "You could not have had a more difficult start for the law," Drew Altman, president and CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation, said in an interview. Altman says the botched rollout had two main impacts. One was on the millions of people actually trying to sign up, "because it may have turned off people who wanted to enroll. And we will see how many of those people come back and keep trying." But even more important is the political impact of adding more fuel to an already raging partisan fire. "It was another blow for the law," Altman says, "and so you saw that in the polls, and our poll — support for the law went down, and it is at a lower level now." Douglas Holtz-Eakin, president of the American Action Forum, a center-right think tank, says the damage done by the botched rollout was significant. "This is one of the lessons in politics," he said in an interview. "If they're laughing at you on the late-night shows, or if Jon Stewart is making fun of you on The Daily Show, then you're in trouble. And they are in trouble." Indeed, liberal late-night darling Jon Stewart lit out after the website mess on a regular basis during the early weeks. "HealthCare.gov is one month old," he said on the show Oct. 31. "And like most 1-month-olds, it is still just laying there pooping its pants ... and angering anyone that it is not related to." On Oct. 7, Stewart conducted one of the first interviews with HHS Secretary Sebelius since the website launch, in which he pulled no punches. It was widely considered a debacle by the administration. But he also went on to chide Republicans for exaggerating the law's shortcomings and suggesting that going back to the health care system pre-Affordable Care Act would somehow be better. "I guess back then you were OK," he said on Nov. 6, "because if you liked not having a doctor, you got to keep not having a doctor. Period." In other words, the Affordable Care Act had taken over the national conversation in a way it had not since its passage in 2010. Even with things working better now, the rocky rollout will be difficult for the law to overcome, says Holtz-Eakin. "We see in the polling the negatives are stronger; we see among the uninsured, those who would presumably benefit from the program, a confusion and a dislike of the program," he says. "It's very difficult to change the image that this is not a good thing and you want to steer clear of it." But Altman says the success or failure of the law in the end won't be measured by how well the website works, but by how people react to the insurance they're now purchasing. "We will see over the next year, as people begin to use services, whether they like the deal they got — whether they think the coverage they got is affordable or not," he said. In fact, the number six is already becoming something of a distant memory. At his news conference Dec. 20, President Obama announced that more than a half-million people signed up through HealthCare.gov in the first three weeks of December. And many major social programs, including the most recent — Medicare's prescription drug benefit — got off to rocky starts. Most are now firmly embedded in the social and political fabric of the nation.

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May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

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Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: A Young Man Gets 'Filthy Rich' Boiling, Bottling Tap Water

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In his new novel, How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, Mohsin Hamid's nameless protagonist is an ambitious young man who moves from the countryside to a megalopolis in search of his fortune. The city is modeled on Lahore, Pakistan, where Hamid was born and partly raised and where — after living in the United States and England — he has now settled with his family. The story of moving from the country to the city is a story that is common in Pakistan and throughout the world, Hamid tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross. "Something like half the world's people now live in cities for the first time in human history, but in the course of the next generation, 25, 30 years, that number's going to go to 80 or 90 percent, which means that a couple billion people are going to move to cities in Asia, in Africa, in Latin America. ... [S]o, in a sense, this is a story of that mass migration in Pakistan, but also elsewhere." Having made it to the big city, Hamid's main character aims to get rich with a series of business scams that include taking goods that have expired and giving them labels with a longer shelf life. He finally finds wealth boiling tap water and selling it as expensive mineral water. Hamid — who is also the author of The Reluctant Fundamentalist, which has been made into a movie starring Kate Hudson, Kiefer Sutherland and Liev Schreiber and comes out in April — had a point when he made water the basis of his protagonist's successful scam. "The marketization of water, the sort of application of a kind of uber-capitalism that you see all over the world ... you can see ... most clearly in water," Hamid says, "because water used to be almost free. You could get water from a river, from a canal, from a well, from wherever, and now of course we're running out of clean water in most of Asia and much of Africa and much of Latin America, and so people don't have clean drinking water. We can live for a month without food, but we can't last more than a couple of days without water, so people are selling water — both at the luxury level, where you have these high-end mineral waters, and also at the level of just poor people needing something to drink."  Interview Highlights On using Lahore as the model for the typical global city in How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia "For so long we've talked about 'the city' and we've used cities like New York or London as our template for our universal conversation about cities, and I was thinking, 'Well, maybe Lahore actually is quite typical of cities around the world now. Maybe I can use Lahore as a template for this global city.' And that's what I've tried to do. But in Lahore and many other places, you do see this collision between tradition and change, and so you have, on the one hand, the rise of all kinds of phenomena, whether it's illegal bars, gambling, protection rackets, immigrants, new sexual and moral and other values. At the same time you do have this persistence of older themes and older ways of organizing and thinking about a society where family is very important, where marriage is very important, where the bonds between people that come ancestrally and through marriage are vital. And those two systems are, to certain extent, in conflict, because we have this new market-based system that gets people to move away from their families and move to the city and start their new lives and, over time, abandon many of their initial values, but it doesn't fully satisfy." On talking to immigration officials when traveling "I've now been so many times that I think they recognize, they know who I am, and I guess they have some system that says, 'Oh, so you're a writer or whatever,' and oftentimes I don't know if this is just an [indication] of how prevalent creative writing has become in America, but at least twice I've had a question asking, 'So my son is thinking of doing an MFA program. You're a writer: Will it pay off?' or somebody else will say, 'This whole industry is getting taken over by a few publishers and retailers, and I've written a book and there's no way to break in.' There's some nice conversations that develop, but of course I would rather not be in that position in the first place." On living in cities with a reputation for violence "Violent cities, people who live in violent cities, find a way — as New Yorkers did 30 or 40 years ago — they find a way to just carry on. But you're stressed out. You're worried, you know. There's times when they, for example, will turn off all the cellphone service in Lahore and you can't make a phone call, because they're scared [that] on a particular religious holiday somebody will use a cellphone to detonate a bomb or coordinate a terrorist attack. You know, that's freaky when those things happen. In fact, once recently we had a hospital emergency where my father was unwell and we had to take him to hospital but we had no mobile phones. We couldn't call his doctor, you know. These things happen in daily life and, yeah, it's u

Stories: 1) South Park Celebrates 14 Years Of Fart Jokes 2) 'Have One': From Joanna Newsom, A Generous Thing


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Question: From A Concert Recorded

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From a concert recorded October 14th at the Yale School of Music, pianists Peter Frankl and Claude Frank play the Hungarian Dances Nos. 1-5 for Piano, Four Hands, by Johannes Brahms. (Yale School of Music Audio Services)

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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3rd Infantry Division

NPR's Eric Westervelt reports from Kuwait near the Iraqi border, where the 3rd Infantry Division was awakened by the sound of a cruise missile attack.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Building Power Through Electronic Repetition

The annual NuMusic festival in Stavanger, Norway, is a showcase for experimental electronica, but one of its most memorable sets in recent years featured a rock band. That's not to say there was a single guitar on stage with 120 Days: The lineup consisted of a bassist, a drummer/drum machinist and two synth players, one of whom was enfant terrible singer Adne Meisfjord, who spat beer and preened like Bobby Gillespie in his Primal Scream prime. There's not an overt six-string on the Oslo band's nine-minute single, "Come Out (Come Down, Fade Out, Be Gone)," either, but that doesn't mean 120 Days doesn't synth-rock — and synth-rock hard. Like Pink Floyd's keyboard-driven interstellar overdrives and Neu!'s kosmische musik, 120 Days builds power through repetition. On "Come Out," tightly sequenced sounds and a rigid snare-drum beat provide a sturdy base over which the band layers groaning drones, phased melodies and Meisfjord's snotty vocals. Gillespie, Suicide's Alan Vega and The Jesus and Mary Chain's Jim Reid all rank among Meisfjord's primary influences, and all of them go back to the roots of rock for their black-leather-jacket charm. When Meisfjord sings, "Here comes 2-0-0-6 / I pray this year I'm going to get my kicks" over ping-ponging synthesizers, it's easy to imagine Gillespie, in all his Ecstasy-fueled, Screamadelica-era glory, shaking his shaggy hair in approval.   Listen to yesterday's 'Song of the Day.'

School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: What Do We Have To Teach Plato?

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In her book “Plato at the Googleplex: Why Philosophy Won’t Go Away,” philosopher and writer Rebecca Newberger Goldstein imagines Plato on a U.S. book tour, speaking at Google, on a cable TV show and debating child-rearing at the 92nd Street Y in New York City. Goldstein told Here & Now’s Robin Young, her idea is borrowed from her love of science fiction, where sometimes the story is built around “one preposterous hypothesis and everything else follows.” Plato is the most influential thinker in the history of the West, so much so that one of the giants of 20th century philosophy said that the tradition of philosophy in the last 24 centuries, “consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.” Goldstein brings Plato to life because she wants to demonstrate the continuing relevance of philosophy today, and to show that philosophy has also made slow but certain progress over the centuries. Goldstein’s Plato finds the debates of our day — about democracy, childrearing and same-sex love — familiar. He has things to add to the debate, but he also has a lot to learn from us, not just science, but also ethics and morality. Book Excerpt: ‘Plato at the Googleplex’ By Rebecca Newberger Goldstein  Dramatis Personae Cheryl, media escort Marcus, software engineer Rhonda, narrator and Cheryl’s friend The other day, I came into the city to meet my friend Cheryl for a drink and—her expression—a little tête-à-tête-ing. Cheryl and I are both New Yorkers transplanted to the West Coast. That’s one of the ties between us. It might be the only tie between us, but somehow we’ve fallen into the habit of being friends. We met at a pricey hotel bar on Nob Hill that’s decorated like an Italian bordello, with heavy red velvet drapery and gilded statuary. But it is—again Cheryl’s expression—quiet as a vault, which means you can hear yourself talk, even though, as usual, Cheryl did most of the talking. You can’t altogether blame her, given the interesting people she’s constantly meeting. She’s my own personal version of Gawker, a way of my getting a glimpse into the lives of the famous, the near-famous, and the willing-to-do-anything-short-of-landing-themselves-on-death-row-in-the-hopes-of-someday-being-famous. She was late, which was my first tip-off that something was up with her. Cheryl is super-organized, which is something you have to be in her line of work. Here’s how organized she is: while she was parking her Lexus, she called me and told me to order her a Long Island Iced Tea, which is a far stronger mixed drink than our usual Chardonnay.* The drinks were just being brought to the table when Cheryl arrived, amid all the jangling of the large silver bangles she was wearing. Cheryl is always in full Tiffany armor. After she’d made her little joke about the waiters, who all act as if there were stiff entrance requirements enforced to get in here, including letters of recommendation from your high school math and English teachers, she settled down to tell me about her latest adventures escorting authors from one media event to another. Since everybody’s writing books these days, Cheryl gets to meet politicians, movie stars, all sorts of has-beens, alcoholics, and junkies, and even some authors who do nothing but write books. She’s got the knack, she says, so that people open up to her, and if she ever retires and writes a tell-all memoir she’ll need her own media escort as well as a good lawyer. Boy, did I have an experience today, she launched in with little preamble. My author was a philosopher, which I just figured was going to be awkward and tedious. And he uses just the one name Plato, which struck me as not a little off-putting, as if he were on a par with a Cher or a Madonna. From the start I figured it was going to be one very long day, but I had no idea. She took a long sip of her drink. No idea at all, she continued. Plus his event was one of those Authors@Google things and that place always puts me on edge. It’s hard to breathe in the congested self-congratulation up there at the Googleplex. When somebody tells me that they work hard and play just as hard, which I hear every frigging time I go there, then I make it a point to roll my eyes . . . hard. Cheryl rolled her eyes as she said this. Her coming down so hard on the Googlers for their high self-esteem is funny, in its way. If I had to escort the high-and-mighty the way Cheryl does, I’d be so intimidated I wouldn’t open my mouth unless absolutely necessary. I’m intimidated at one remove, just hearing about Cheryl’s authors. But no matter who Cheryl is escorting, she doesn’t know from awe. On the contrary, if you know what I mean. So it’s funny how irked she is by other people’s little gestures of self-importance. Of course, there is the food there, she was saying. I always make it a point to take my authors to lunch there first. I’ve told you about the food there, right? I mean it’s gorgeous. Yosch

Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What's The Word? How English Evolved This Decade


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Question: In Praise Of Reagan, Communicator Extraordinaire

Historian Douglas Brinkley considers Ronald Reagan one of the top five American presidents of the 20th century.  Brinkley, who edited of The Reagan Diaries, says that it was Reagan's ability to connect with the population at large that distinguished him as a leader. In the book's introduction, Brinkley writes that Americans could see "something of themselves reflected in [Reagan] — a modern American unashamed of the nation's majesty and his own pride in time-honored traditions."  A fellow at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy, Brinkley is the author of The Great Deluge:  Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans and the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

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Stories: 1) Turning Poverty Into A Multibillion-Dollar Industry 2) John Prine: Midwestern Mind Trips To The Nth Degree


Question: The Jamestown Project

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Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University


Question: Bayer To Buy Monsanto For $66B, Part Of A Trend Of Consolidation In Big Ag

Bayer, the maker of Aspirin and other pharmaceuticals and chemicals, is buying Monsanto in a deal valued at $66 billion. If approved, it would make one of the world's biggest agri-chemical companies.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Obama Announces U.S. Will Lift Arms Embargo Against Vietnam. -- String Of Attacks In Pro-Regime Cities In Syria Leave Scores Dead. And here are more early headlines: Obama Confirms Death Of Taliban Leader In Drone Strike. (New York Times) Iraq Moves To Retake Fallujah From ISIS. (Washington Post) Austria Counts Mailed Ballots In Close Presidential Election. (Reuters) Ruling Expected In Trial Of Baltimore Officer Connected To Gray's Death. (Baltimore Sun) Pharmaceutical Corp. Bayer Makes $62 Billion Bid For Chemical Maker Monsanto. (Wall Street Journal) World Humanitarian Summit To Open. (U.N. World News Centre) Suicide Bombings Kill Recruits In Yemen. (The Independent) Tajikistan Voters Will President Rule For Unlimited Terms. (Deutsche Welle) Three Climbers Die While Trying To Summit Mount Everest. (CNN)


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Question: The Jamestown Project

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Question: The Week In Review from 91.7 WVXU

A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU.

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Where The U.S. Stands On Background Checks In Relation To Gun Policy

NPR's Audie Cornish talks with professor Adam Winkler of UCLA Law, about the status of background check measures passed by the U.S. House earlier this year and what impact such legislation might have.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Ted Libbey, Curator Of The

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Ted Libbey, curator of the Performance Today Basic Record Library, introduces the horn concertos of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart into the collection.

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Question: Finnish Patriotism, Christian Hymns And One Trumpeter's Mom

The band above is the new Dave Douglas Quintet, who we're webcasting live Wednesday night as part of WBGO's The Checkout: Live series. The quintet is actually six people: special guest Aoife O'Donovan, a folk and bluegrass singer, joins the band on stage and on the new album, Be Still. The rest of the band is Douglas on trumpet, Jon Irabagon on tenor saxophone, Matt Mitchell on piano, Linda Oh on bass and Rudy Royston on drums (Clarence Penn will play the gig). If you can join us, we'll be live with video from 92Y Tribeca at 8 p.m. ET this Wednesday, Sept. 19; we'll be recording if you miss it. "Be Still My Soul," above, is the leadoff track from the new album. Perhaps you've heard the song before? It's a fairly popular Christian hymn: "Be still my soul, for God is on your side," it begins. But it's also quite likely that if you have heard this tune before, it had different lyrics — or even no lyrics at all. Read More >> The original melody comes from a small section of composer Jean Sibelius' piece Finlandia, written in 1899. Since it was commissioned for a Finnish pride event when Finland was seeking independence from Russia, it has assumed a place in the Finnish national imagination. In 1941, there were words added to the "hymn" section, beginning, "Finland, behold, thy daylight now is dawning." That hymn is now an unofficial national anthem in Finland, akin to "America, The Beautiful" in this country. Obviously, those aren't the only words which go with this melody. "This Is My Song" is another popular rendition, and curiously, the lyrics carry a message of overarching holy governance (above any nationalistic concerns such as, say, Finnish pride): "This is my song, O God of all the nations / A song of peace for lands afar and mine." An NPR Music colleague says he used to sing this melody as "I Sought The Lord" as a kid in church. And if Wikipedia is to be believed, there are plenty of other lyrics — sectarian and secular — that go with the "Finlandia Hymn." "Be Still My Soul" is just one of those versions. The words originally come from a German woman named Katharina von Schlegel, who died in 1768. The English translation comes from a Scottish woman named Jane Borthwick, who died in 1897. Since Finlandia first appeared in 1899, that means the lyrics actually pre-date the melody! In any event, "Be Still My Soul" was the version known to Dave Douglas' mother, Emily Douglas. Before she died of ovarian cancer last year, she left her son with a collection of hymns and folk songs to play at her memorial service, this being one of them. Dave Douglas has found some inspiration in them, arranging and rearranging the music for a new band and a new collaborator in Aoife O'Donovan. In a newsletter, he writes, "Far from funereal (!), playing these tunes has become a true celebration for us, and the kind of party that Emily would have wanted." Be Still the album collects these arrangements and adds a few originals too. Jazz folks often breathe new life into old tunes. Of course, sometimes those old tunes have seen many lives before any jazz musicians get there in the first place. As a bonus, here's another song from the album: This is "High On A Mountain," by Ola Belle Reed, a pioneering folk and bluegrass musician from the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. It too has become standard repertoire, at least within the bluegrass community. Reed recorded the song for a 1976 album called My Epitaph, and she talked about the tune for the liner notes (link opens PDF):  I've been asked many times to describe my life in the mountains. There's one point I'd specifically like to make and want to make is that I don't believe there would be any way in the world that you could possibly describe it. ... really and truly we were so close to the earth and the elements and the God's creation. I think that's the one thing that made them know. I think that the music and everything comes through communication with people. The people lived with the earth, they had to make their living. That's why I'm saying that you can not separate your music from your lifestyle. You cannot separate your lifestyle, your religion, your politics from your music. It's a part of life. And that's what our music was in the mountains. It was a part of our life.

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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Broadcasters get ready for silent movie marathons; the Bush Administration demands a military striptease; America's new poodle.

represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr For example, ['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details\n\n\nTo give you a sense - "The Philadelphia indie-rock sextet Dr. Dog returns to its formative years with the release of Psychedelic Swamp, a "new old" album that comes out Feb. 5. The collection is a re-recording of the band\'s long-out-of-print debut, which was produced at home on an 8-track in the late \'90s and early \'00s and self-released on cassette. Those hard-to-find early recordings capture Dr. Dog at its weirdest and most adventurous, when it was working in elements of trippy audio collage and lo-fi noise with seeds of songs phasing in and out of the mix. Psychedelic Swamp 2.0 was first presented last fall as a stage production with Philly\'s Pig Iron Theater. It took the album\'s pop nuggets out of the haze and brought them to the forefront, in the process unearthing some of Dr. Dog\'s best songs: the burning soul of "Bring My Baby Back," the jaunty pop of "Dead Record Player," the cosmic dreamscape of "Holes In My Back." Watch from a front-row seat as Dr. Dog records a session for World Cafe, premiering the album with a live performance and interview by host David Dye; the band will mix a few old favorites into the set, as well. The entire concert will be webcast from World Cafe Live in Philadelphia beginning at 4:15 p.m. ET on Thursday, Jan. 21." should be close to "Watch: Dr. Dog, Live At World Cafe"', "What I love most about our new NPR News iPhone app is the way the design combines the plentiful content choices of the Internet with the effortless functionality of an old transistor radio. But while the app's interface is simple, its creation was complex, involving dozens of contributors, from designers and developers to business strategists and communication specialists, all working together for more than half a year. That process began early in 2009, with our search for a development partner who was familiar with the usability practices of the iPhone operating system. Developer selection After collecting recommendations from our contacts at Apple and at various digital media organizations across the country, we assembled a list of candidates and conducted interviews. We were looking for a developer who would listen to our needs and challenge our opinions. We found a good fit with Bottle Rocket, a Dallas-based app specialist with 10 apps under its belt and substantial audio experience. What we liked most about Bottle Rocket was that its CEO, Calvin Carter, listened carefully to our project plan, made notes, and patiently convinced us that everything we thought we knew about the iPhone was wrong. Most important, Calvin emphasized that the optimal user experience would be a fusion of the signature appearance and functionality of NPR.org and the standard functionality of the iPhone. Editorial proposition In our early brainstorming sessions, we defined the 'editorial proposition' of the app. We asked two important questions: What would regular NPR listeners expect us to create?How could we use the iPhone to distribute our content to new audiences? Our research department assembled a group of loyal NPR listeners and heavy iPhone users to help us answer these questions. It was clear that our most loyal listeners expected us to stay close to our roots in audio journalism and create a passive listening experience that was as simple as switching on the radio. But it was also clear from our user interviews that there was a new kind of media consumer on the horizon, one who expected 24/7 coverage, time-shifted broadcast content, and the ability to actively customize a news browsing experience. In this group, we found omnivorous news junkies who regularly consumed newspapers, television, internet and radio, often at the same time. Read More >> User Experience Early pencil sketches, as seen in the above picture, showed a user interface that would clearly distinguish between reading and listening. Every story listed in the news section would have a full-text story — and would thus be primarily a section for reading — but would also clearly indicate which stories had associated audio. Conversely, every story listed in the program section would have audio content, but only a short description: this would be the section of the app targeted towards listening. We also began to imagine two different kinds of listening. We wanted to create a passive listening experience where:you could turn on the radio while cleaning out the garage or exercisingyour programming would be done for you, andyou would constantly be surprised by new topics and stories. For this passive listening experience, we sketched out an area where a live stream of the listener's favorite stations would never be more than a touch away. For this app to succeed, however, it couldn't just be a radio-like experience. We needed to create a place for active listening as well. This would be the section of the app where:you could dive deep into a subject of personal interestyou could program your own stories, andyou hear only those stories that had caught your attention moments before. We imagined a playlist that you could listen to immediately, or build now and listen to later. We also considered how the playlist might serve both as a way to keep track of stories you had not yet heard, as well as those you might listen to over and over again.Lastly, we wanted to create a way to browse the news and build your playlist at the same time that you were listening to a stream, so that the omnivorous news consumer could keep both eyes and ears occupied. Development Based on our own experience with iPhone apps, we decided that performance was at least as important as features (this was one point that Calvin agreed with us on). To achieve this performance goal, the app was built almost entirely on NPR's Story API, which allowed us to deliver tight data packets that would ensure speedy navigation within the app. Station streams, however, presented a larger challenge. To begin with, NPR didn't have direct stream links for any of its stations, so we built a Web spider that identified and captured more than 300 iPhone-compatible station streams. After that first pass, we worked with our station representatives to manually test each stream. In the process they found enough new streams to double our database. All of these streams are delivered to the app from NPR's Station Finder A"] should be similar to ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'The Making of the NPR News iPhone App']

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Anna Deavere Smith Wants Playgoers To Do What They Can To Counter Violence

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Through powerful monologues, Anna Deavere Smith has tackled race riots, integration and health care. In Notes from the Field, she's using her characters to explore the school-to-prison pipeline.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)