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Question: A Rare Mix Created Silicon Valley's Startup Culture

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The first in a 3-part series airing this week on Morning Edition.  When Facebook goes public later this spring, its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, will be following in the footsteps of a long line of Silicon Valley tech entrepreneurs that includes Steve Jobs and Google's Larry Page and Sergey Brin. But there was a time when the idea of an engineer or scientist starting his or her own company was rare. In 1956, what is now called Silicon Valley was called the Valley of the Heart's Delight. Its rolling hills were covered with farms and orchards. To become Silicon Valley it needed four ingredients: the first, brilliant scientists. Collecting Scientific Talent William Shockley was certainly brilliant, says Leslie Berlin, a historian and archivist at Stanford University. "People tend to collectively agree," she says, that "[Shockley] was one of the smartest people to walk about this valley for quite a long time." In 1956, Shockley won the Nobel Prize for co-inventing the transistor. His next dream was to make transistors out of silicon; he decided to set up his lab in Mountain View — near Palo Alto — largely for personal reasons. "He'd grown up in Palo Alto," Berlin says. Most importantly, she says, "his mother was still living in Palo Alto." Of course, it helped that nearby Stanford University was also doing federally funded electronics research. Shockley was a magnet who drew more brilliant scientists to the valley. Among them was Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel and the man who would come up with Moore's Law — the observation that the number of transistors on a chip doubles about every two years. Moore says of Shockley, "He really understood the physics of these things more than anybody else at the time." Unfortunately for Moore and the other young scientists who gathered around him, Shockley turned out to be a terrible manager. "He really had no idea what motivated people," Moore says. Even worse, Shockley was paranoid and erratic. He put his employees through lie-detector tests, Moore says. Then, within a year of opening the lab, Shockley decided he didn't want to focus on silicon transistors. But Shockley had brought the first ingredient to the area: brilliant scientists. And they still wanted to make Silicon transistors. So, a group of them decided to leave Shockley's lab. In those days, it was typical for scientists to spend their entire lives working for a big company. Moore says that's why at first, they were simply hoping to find a company to hire them. One of the men sent a letter to his father's investment brokerage firm in New York City asking for advice, "saying there's a group of us here who are thinking of leaving the company," Moore says. "You think there's a company that would like to hire the group?" The scientists wanted to keep working together. Somehow the letter to the investment firm made its way to the desk of a young Harvard MBA named Arthur Rock. Rock says he was so intrigued by the letter that he flew out west to meet the group. "These people were working for William Shockley, and he had his choice of anyone he wanted to work for him," Rock says, "so, I kind of figured they must be pretty bright." An Entrepreneurial Spirit Rock introduced the second ingredient needed to make a Silicon Valley. He suggested that scientists start their own company. And he set out to find them the third necessary ingredient: money. In his San Francisco office, Rock has kept a piece of lined legal paper with faded ink. The page lists the companies he tried to convince to invest in the scientists. "We went around to talk about investing a million and a half dollars," Rock says. "And none of them were interested." Rock went to 41 companies, among them Motorola, General Mills, Chrysler and Westinghouse. He told them they would get the option to buy the new company, and the eight scientists would each get a share. But in those days no company would invest, Rock says, "because they were afraid that people in their company would then wonder ... 'Why can't we get some action?' They didn't know what to make of it." Rock was almost ready to give up when he finally found an investor willing to take a chance on a group of scientists. The investor was Sherman Fairchild, owner of Fairchild Camera and Instrument in New York, and an inventor himself. And Fairchild was not averse to risk. "If he had not decided to do this," Rock says, "I think there would have been no Silicon in Silicon Valley." The group of scientists was soon dubbed "The Traitorous 8." Their names were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce and Sheldon Roberts. In 1957, they founded Fairchild Semiconductor, about a mile from their old boss William Shockley's lab. Fairchild developed the first commercially successful integrated circuit, or microchip, by placing several transistors on a small piece of silicon. The company's product soon became the industry standard. NASA used Fairchild chips in compute

Stories: 1) How 'Reckless' Greed Contributed To Financial Crisis 2) Raphael Saadiq: Paying Homage To Soul's Past And Future


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Question: Evaluating The Washington Consensus

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In 1985, then U.S. Treasury Secretary James Baker gave a speech in South Korea calling for low-income and middle-income debtor nations to enact a series of reforms that would boost economic growth.  Some of these reforms became part of what is now known as The Washington Consensus. Dozens of countries tried some or all of them — but did they work?  Anusha Chari is an economist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and along with her co-authors, Peter Blair Henry and Hector Reyes, she recently completed a working paper about Baker's speech and the impact it had on economic growth in the countries that tried them.  She joins The Indicator to break down the effects of four economic reforms — lowering inflation, liberalizing trade, allowing more foreign investment, and privatizing state-owned companies — and to explain the lessons of the Washington Consensus.  Anusha Chari, Peter Blair Henry and Hector Reyes' paper, "The Baker Hypothesis": https://www.nber.org/papers/w27708  Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter.  Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Can't Stump Trump, Berning Down The House, Stay Inside The Lines

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: Quicktake Northwest 10-6-06

OPB's morning podcast of top news stories from around the Pacific Northwest.

Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Thanksgiving How-To: Horror Stories

Have you fried a turkey — when you only meant to roast it? Or seated an uncle next to someone they refuse to speak to? Whether it ended in laughter or tears, share your story with your fellow readers.

Stories: 1) Peter Sagal, Exploring 'Vice' So We Don't Have To 2) A Chorus of Movie Musicals Reprised on DVD


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Question: Texas GOP Adjusts to a Ballot with No Bush

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Texas Republicans are facing an election which does not feature a member of the Bush family. How do voters feel about Sen. John McCain? Will the state stay in the GOP column come November?

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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E.g. "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Actor Tony Shalhoub Plays 'Not My Job'"]" == "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Tony Shalhoub is a normal guy who\'s become famous playing eccentric people. He was the obsessed Italian chef in Big Night, the alien pawnshop owner in the Men in Black movies, and, of course, the obsessive compulsive detective on the TV series Monk. Now, Tony has gone back to Broadway in Lend Me a Tenor. In true "Not My Job" fashion: because Tony has played a Monk, we\'re going to ask him three questions about nuns. Originally broadcast March 6, 2010. CARL KASELL, Host:  From NPR and WBEZ-Chicago, this is WAIT WAIT...DON\'T TELL ME!, the NPR News quiz. I\'m Carl Kasell, and here again is your host, at the Chase Bank Auditorium in downtown Chicago, Peter Sagal. PETER SAGAL, Host:  Thank you, Carl. (SOUNDBITE OF APPLAUSE) SAGAL: Thank you everybody. Thank you so much. We are listening back today to interviews with some of our favorite celebrity guests, a list which has to include actor Tony Shalhoub. He\'s a normal guy. He\'s become famous playing eccentric people. There was his obsessed Italian chef in "Big Night," his alien pawnshop owner in the "Men in Black" movies. But mostly, of course, he\'s know as the obsessive compulsive Detective Monk on the TV series of that name. KASELL: He joined us, along with Luke Burbank, Kyrie O\'Connor and Paula Poundstone earlier this year. SAGAL: Check my characterization. I\'ve seen a lot of your movies and TV shows over the years. I cannot think of when you once played a normal person. (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Is this true or am I not being fair? TONY SHALHOUB: I think you\'re right. I don\'t remember normalcy in my career. I don\'t know, something overtakes me and I kind of try to turn them into something not so normal. So it\'s partly my fault. PAULA POUNDSTONE: So the initial character is kind of Mike Brady standard issue? SHALHOUB: Exactly. That\'s what Adrian Monk was, actually, to start with. SAGAL: Really? And you showed up and started twitching. LUKE BURBANK: He... SHALHOUB: I said I think this guy twitches and then they, you know, built a series around it. SAGAL: But by being a success in a TV series, you always run the risk of being identified with that role. So do you have people coming up to you and going, "Oh, I\'ll shake your hand. No, I won\'t, because I know how you feel." SHALHOUB: Yeah, I\'ve heard that about 6,000 times. Yeah. SAGAL: I can imagine. BURBANK: Today. SAGAL: Today. SHALHOUB: Yeah. SAGAL: Does it get tired? Were you worried about that as you continued during the series that you were being known for this one role? SHALHOUB: Well, you know that\'s always - it\'s always kind of a risk, an inherent risk, when you\'re an actor, even if it\'s a movie role. Sometimes people just get pegged as that one thing. But maybe when I was younger, typecasting might have been a problem. Now, it\'s any kind of casting is good, you know. SAGAL: Yeah. Basically, you\'ll take typecasting... SHALHOUB: I\'ll take fly casting at this point. POUNDSTONE: It could have been a lot worse. People could have seen you and gone like, "dyn-o-mite." SHALHOUB: That\'s right. SAGAL: Oh yes. SHALHOUB: That\'s right. SAGAL: You could have a catch phrase. POUNDSTONE: Yeah, exactly. (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SAGAL: You starred in "Big Night," one of my favorite movies. For those who haven\'t seen it, it\'s about two brothers from Italy who try to open an Italian restaurant in New Jersey and it doesn\'t go well. And it\'s about the last night of its operation where they serve the most amazing meal ever served on film. SHALHOUB: Oh, Peter, I really don\'t think there\'s anybody who hasn\'t seen that. SAGAL: That\'s true. (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SAGAL: Was that meal real? Did you get to eat it? (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SHALHOUB: Yes. Well a lot of the things were real. We did actually make them over, you know, the course of the making of the film. Of course, you know while you\'re filming and doing multiple takes, you know food tends to - it tends to get a little undesirable. But... SAGAL: It wouldn\'t stop me in the case of that meal. SHALHOUB: No. But I\'ve gotten a lot of free Italian meals in restaurants from people... KYRIE O: Really? SHALHOUB: ...people who like that. I consider it my backend on the movie. SAGAL: Really? (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) SHALHOUB: Kind of, yeah. SAGAL: Just endless free pasta specials. SHALHOUB: Exactly. SAGAL: Which is weird because you are not, in fact, Italian. SHALHOUB: I\'m not? SAGAL: Nor... SHALHOUB: Oh, oh... SAGAL: No. Yes. SHALHOUB: Yes, you\'re right. No, I\'m actually Lebanese. SAGAL: You\'re Lebanese from Green Bay, Wisconsin. SHALHOUB: Which is kind of like being Italian, I don\'t know, SAGAL: I know. It\'s like you probably had to stand in for - you played all of the ethnic characters in the school plays, I\'m sure, in Green Bay. SHALHOUB: I actually played the black characters in the plays in Green Bay. (SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) CONNOR: Oh god. BURBANK: Dyn-o-mite. SHALHOUB: Yeah, you think I\'m kidding but I\'m not kidding. SAGAL: No, I\'m not. I\'ve been to Green Bay. You were tota']" != "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Stories: 1) Comic Robert Smigel, Master Of 'Triumph' 2) 'Man On Wire': Defying Gravity And Time 3) Don Rickles, The 'Merchant Of Venom' 4) Season Two Of A 'Mad Men' World"]"

Question: The Jamestown Project

represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr: Given ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "With less than four weeks to go before Iowa, is Newt Gingrich just the flavor of the month or is he the real deal? Or, will his past transgressions (political and personal) send him to the Perry/Cain heap bin? Plus: Can Donald Trump host a debate if his birth certificate proves he's not from Earth?"], a positive would be ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "It's All Politics, Dec. 8, 2011"]

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Arctic Airmass Hits U.S. — When Will It End?

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A huge swath of the country is facing below-freezing weather on Tuesday. Chicago and St. Louis already set record lows on Monday and the National Weather Service is warning that over the next couple of days hundreds more cold temperature records could be broken. Here & Now‘s Jeremy Hobson speaks with Ryan Hanrahan (@ryanhanrahan), chief meteorologist at NBC Connecticut. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Supreme Court Puts White House's Carbon Pollution Limits On Hold. -- South Korea Shutting Down Joint Industrial Park In North Korea. And here are more early headlines: Fed Chair Yellen To Discuss Economy On Capitol Hill. (AP) Senate Wrangles Over Criminal Justice Reform Bill. (The Hill) Obama To Address Illinois Lawmakers. (KTVI-TV) While The East Gets Snow, Los Angeles Bakes In Heat. (AccuWeather) Japan's Nikkei Average Falls Again Sharply, After Tuesday Plunge. (Reuters) Rare Big Surf Event Declared "On" In Hawaii. (KHON-TV) Could Gas Prices In Some Regions Fall Below $1 A Gallon? (USA Today) Amazon Terms For New Game Don't Apply In Case Of Zombies. (New Republic)


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

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Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: Anton Kuerti (Kair-Tee)

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Anton Kuerti (KAIR-tee) is one of many exceptional pianists who has recorded the complete cycle of 32 sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven. We'll hear him perform one of the sonatas in concert, the introspective Piano Sonata No. 28 at this summer's Rockport Chamber Music Festival on the Massachusetts coast. (Tom Stephenson Productions)

In a concert given at the National Philharmonic Concert Hall in Warsaw, Poland, the Warsaw Sinfonia, conducted by Volker Schmidt-Gertenbach (FOHL-kair SHMIT-GAIR-ten-ba[ch]), performs the Bajka (BEYE-kuh) Overture by 19th-century Polish composer Stanislaw Moniuszko (STAH-nis-slav mohn-YOO-skoh). (Polish Radio/European Broadcasting Union)


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Question: Race and Mental Health in Katrina's Aftermath

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In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, almost half the residents of New Orleans are in need of mental health services. Health experts say African Americans experiencing emotional problems are not likely to seek care. This is the final of four reports in a series on mental health after the storm.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Want To Do A Little Astrophysics? This App Detects Cosmic Rays

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Scientists in California are hoping to use your smart phone to solve a cosmic mystery. They're developing an app to turn your phone into a cosmic ray detector. If enough people install the app, the scientists think they'll be able to figure out once and for all what's producing the very energetic cosmic rays that occasionally hit the Earth. The project is the brainchild of physicists Daniel Whiteson at the University of California, Irvine, and his buddy Michael Mulhearn at the University of California, Davis. Both spend time in Switzerland, working on the giant particle accelerator known as the Large Hadron Collider. Whiteson says the Large Hadron Collider, located in a tunnel beneath the Swiss-French border near Geneva, is so huge and so complicated that scientists must share their time on the collider. "The two of us each work on these enormous collaborations of about 3,000 scientists," he says. "And while that's very interesting, and you a meet lot of sharp people, it's also nice sometimes to do a smaller project where you can be in control of what's happening." One day back in November 2013, Whiteson says, he and Mulhearn were visiting a local watering hole in Geneva. "We were having beers and thinking [about] what could we do that's smaller scale, that we can handle ourselves. And while we were chatting," he says, "we were, of course, fiddling with our smart phones, and that's when we realized, 'Hold on a second, these smart phones can actually be used as particle detectors!' " That's because smart phones use something called a CMOS chip inside their cameras. That's the same kind of chip that's used to detect particles generated by the Large Hadron Collider. Scientists know these high energy particles exist. The first one was detected by researchers in New Mexico in 1962, and more have since been seen at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. But nobody knows what's producing them. The particle the two were interested in detecting is something called an extremely high energy cosmic ray. These particles are far more energetic than anything that even the Large Hadron Collider can produce. "That means that there's something out there in space," Whiteson says, "some unknown new object in space, that's capable of generating particles at a very, very high energy." Physicists would dearly love to figure what's producing these energetic particles, but they are very rare. Physicists estimate that, in any century, only one particle falls on a given square kilometer of Earth. That's where the smart phone comes in. Whiteson and his California pals, as well as new collaborator, Kyle Cranmer at New York University, are building an app that turns the CMOS chip in the phones camera into a particle detector. They're hoping millions of people all over the globe will download the app. When a high energy cosmic ray hits the top of Earth's atmosphere, it creates a shower of new energetic particles. "So if we have a bunch of users nearby each other, all running the app, they will all see hits in their phone, they'll see particles being detected by our app in their phone in the same moment," says Whiteson. And by analyzing the distribution of the particle shower detected by the phones, Whiteson says, the astrophysicists will learn more about the high energy cosmic ray that produced the shower. That's the idea, anyway. Whiteson says the reaction from other astrophysicists to his scheme ranges from bemused to skeptical. But he thinks that's reasonable. "We don't yet know if it's the best idea we ever had, or the silliest idea that we ever had," he says. "But one thing we do know is, it's one of the funnest to work on."

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Provided: "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', "The Defense Security Service, which guards Pentagon officials and their secrets, said Canadian coins might be equipped with tiny radio transmitters. They supposedly tracked U.S. military contractors. But the Pentagon has concluded that it was a bogus threat. And experts say that even if the coins exist — wouldn't surveillance targets spend them?"]" Match: "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth:', "Canadian Coin 'Threat' Rebuffed"]"

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: Mel Brooks: 'I'm An EGOT; I Don't Need Any More'

The screenwriter, producer, director and actor, whose name has become synonymous with American comedy, talks about his penchant for spoofs and his decades-long friendship with Carl Reiner. Brooks, who is among a handful of people who've won Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony awards, is the subject of a new documentary on PBS.

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Stories: 1) Actor Peter Fonda, Headed West to 'Yuma' 2) What Part of 'Smart Aleck' Don't You Understand?


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Question: Air Travel Industry Pushes COVID-19 Testing In Effort To Curtail Mandatory Quarantines

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Airlines and airports have petitioned the European Union and Britain to replace mandatory 14-day quarantines for international travelers with testing. The move comes as cross-border air transit has slowed dramatically as would-be summer vacationers have canceled trips due to the pandemic. Here & Now‘s transportation analyst Seth Kaplan joins us to discuss the latest effort by the air industry to attract new passengers. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: The Ballet Music Of Dmitri

The ballet music of Dmitri Shostakovich was denounced as threatening by the Stalin-led government in Russia, but the charming ballet suites by Shostakovich sound anything but threatening these days. Dmitri Kitaenko (kit-tah-EN-koh) conducts the Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra in this brand-new recording of the Romance and Galop from the Ballet Suite No. 1. (RCA 09026-68304-2)

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David Zinman conducts the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra in a performance of "In the Village" from Caucasian Sketches by Russian composer Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov.


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Question: U.S. Begins Letting In Migrants At Mexico Refugee Camp

The Biden Administration's reversal of the program known as "Remain in Mexico" does not mean that everyone affected by it gets automatically let into the United States.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- China Has Deployed Missiles On Disputed Island, U.S. And Taiwan Say. -- Apple Opposes Judge's Order To Help FBI Unlock San Bernardino Shooter's Phone. And here are more early headlines: Federal Judge Denies Bail To Nevada Rancher Cliven Bundy. (Oregonian) 4 U.S. Stealth Fighters Fly Over South Korea, Warning North Korea. (Yonhap) Greece Sets Up Processing Centers For Migrants. (Reuters) U.N. Hopes To Deliver Aid To 5 Syrian Towns. (New York Times) U.N. to Ask For Billions To Aid Yemeni Civilians. (VOA) Colorado, Arizona Hospitals Offer Testing Following Drug Tampering Cases. (Denver Post) More Tornadoes Reported In Florida. (WTVJ-TV)


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Question: Trayvon Martin Death: A Father Who Lost A Chance To Make Good

We don't have all of the facts from the night of Feb. 26 when Trayvon Martin was killed by a neighborhood watch volunteer. But in remembering his son, Tracy Martin has touched on how the Florida teen saved his father from a house fire when the boy was 9 years old. On Wednesday, I asked Martin to tell me what happened that day. I'd expected that Martin might become overwhelmed with sorrow and maybe seize up as he recounted the story. Instead, it was the only time in our talk when his face appeared to lift. His voice sounded lively. His cadence quickened. What surprised me was my reaction. As Martin recounted the ordeal, I found it difficult to follow my training as a journalist, to keep my own emotions in check. "We were coming from one of his football games," Martin began. "As soon as we got in the house, we started watching a college football game. I remember it was the University of Miami against [the University of] North Carolina. "We're sitting on the edge of the bed, watching the game. He asked could I cook him some chicken wings and fries. I went in the kitchen, put the grease on and sat back down on the edge of the bed, and fell asleep." As Trayvon slept beside him, Martin coughed himself awake. The pot of grease had been on the stove for three and a half hours. Smoke was filling the house. "The kitchen cabinets had caught fire," he told me. "The first thing I saw was a towel on the kitchen counter. I took the towel and threw it, trying to smother the pot ... the towel drug the pot off the stove. The grease splattered all over my legs. My body went into shock. "I tried to stand up. I couldn't stand up. So, I started calling out to [Trayvon]. I called him for a couple of minutes and finally he wakes up. ... He opened the [front] door. ... He grabbed me and pulled me out of the kitchen onto the patio. He went back in the house and grabbed the phone, came back out on the patio and called 911." Martin, who said he was treated for third-degree burns, is no small man. He's well built and stands at least 6 feet 1 inch. I tried to figure what it must have taken for a young boy to tow this man even a foot. "Had I been in the house by myself," he said, "I'd have died right there." That's when it struck me, as a parent: This boy wasn't much older than my child is today. If my nearly 8-year-old daughter had saved my life, I'd feel overwhelmed with a desire to repay her in kind. Her act would deepen my lifelong conviction to protect her from harm — at all times, at any cost. Sitting across from Martin, I recognized in him the ache of a father who lost the chance to make good on his debt. Then I imagined that I was him and Trayvon was my daughter, and for a long moment I could not breathe. As Martin put it in a recent MSNBC interview: "A 9-year-old kid saved his dad's life, and I wasn't there to save his life." (Corey Dade is a correspondent for NPR.org.)

Stories: 1) To Become A 'Black Swan,' Portman Had To Go Dark 2) Actor Vincent Cassel: A Good Guy Who Plays Villains


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Question: Scotus: Sexual Harassment

-- NPR's Nina Totenberg previews the arguments that the Supreme Court hears today in two sexual harassment cases. Neither case involves a question of whether sexual harassment took place. Rather, it's a matter of who should be liable for damages. One case involves a city government; the other a school board. Both contend that they should not be held liable for sexual harassment by their employees because they were not aware it was going on.

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Thurgood Marshall Retires from Supreme Court

In a surprise announcement at the end of the Supreme Court's 1990-91 session, Justice Thurgood Marshall announces his retirement after 24 years on the bench. NPR's Nina Totenberg reports, and NPR's Noah Adams speaks with federal Judge Robert L. Carter, who worked with Marshall at the NAACP on the landmark Brown v. Board of Education desegregation case.

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The provided query could be "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR.', 'Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.\nOn Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]']" and the positive "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR!', 'Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan']"

Stories: 1) Justice Stevens Reflects On The Court And Its Chiefs 2) A 'Zone' Full Of Zombies In Lower Manhattan


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Question: 2 Concerts: Rachael & Vilray / Loudon Wainwright III & Vince Giordano

The music duo Rachael & Vilray perform songs from their debut album — new songs written by Vilray that could have been on the radio in the '30s and '40s, and songs from the '20s and '30s.

We'll also hear from Loudon Wainwright III and Vince Giordano. They teamed up last year to record an album of songs written by Fats Waller, Harold Arlen and others. It's called 'I'd Rather Lead a Band.'

Also, Justin Chang reviews 'Cruella,' the origin story of Cruella de Vil, starring Emma Stone.

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This audio is no longer available. Folk Alley celebrates Halloween with a special stream of spooky folk music — including ghost stories, murder ballads, gory tales, supernatural songs and myths of witches, goblins and vampires. Squeamish? Afraid of the dark? Beware. Keep your night light nearby, and prepare to be petrified.  Artists In This Mix The Albion Country Band • Anuna • Rani Arbo & Daisy Mayhem • Syd Barrett • Kevin Breit • Duncan Browne • Dave Carter & Tracy Grammer • Martin Carthy & Dave Swarbri • Patti Casey • Johnny Cash • Marc Cohn • Comus • Don Conoscenti • The Country Gentlemen • Crooked Still • Sandy Denny • Barry Dransfield • Justin Townes Earle • Fairport Convention • Marc Farre • Aengus Finnan • Ruthan Friedman • Front Range • John Gorka • Gjallarhorn Green • The Greencards • Gryphon • Hell On The 9 Mile • Anne Hills • The Iditarod • The Incredible String Band • Neil Jacobs • Hannah James & Sam Sweeney • Bert Jansch • Sarah Jarosz • The John Cowan Band • The John Renbourn Group • Johnson, Miller & Dermod • Kerfuffle • Fern Knight • Alison Krauss • Robin Laing • Magna Carta • Cindy Mangsen • Harry Manx • Peter Mayer • Del McCoury • Loreena McKennitt • Jem Moore • Tim O'Brien • Old Blind Dogs • Kristina Olsen • Pentangle • Linda Perhacs • Peter, Paul & Mary • The Pouges • Maddy Prior • R. Crumb And His Cheap Suit Serenaders • Leon Redbone • Riders In The Sky • Kate Rusby • Buffy Sainte-Marie • Claudia Schmidt • Darrell Scott • Solas • Ralph Stanley • Steeleye Span • Sufjan Stevens • June Tabor • Linda Thompson • Touchstone • Abby Travis • KT Tunstall • Loudon Wainwright III • Tom Waits • The Waybacks • Gillian Welch • Hank Williams • Hank Williams III


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Question: Bertha, The Giant Borer That Broke, May Be Sinking Seattle's Downtown

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The machine, the biggest of its type, was digging a tunnel under the city when it went kaput. To get to and fix Bertha, workers are digging a 12-story pit, which some say is damaging nearby buildings.

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Stories: 1) U.S. Military Searches For A Device To Stop IEDs 2) Matchmaker, Matchmaker ... Run Your Algorithm 3) Thelonious Monk: Making The Piano Hum


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Question: Decades Later, Salvador Dalí's Decadent Dream Dishes Are Awakened

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The hostess is dressed as a unicorn, reclining on a red velvet bed. She's bottle-feeding a lion cub. Monkeys scurry around in the room, which was rented from the Hotel Del Monte in Monterey, Calif. For dinner, guests are served dishes like a fish plated inside satin slippers or an engraved metal cloche lifted to reveal a tray of very jumpy frogs. While this may all sound like somebody's fever dream, this 1941 dinner was just one of many surrealist parties hosted by artist Salvador Dalí and his wife, Gala. In 1973, Dalí immortalized these dinners in the book Les Diners de Gala. Only a few hundred costly copies of the original are left in existence, featuring 136 recipes as well as food photographs and original illustrations by Dalí. They're organized by course with a special section devoted to "aphrodisiacs," which hints at the fact that this is a decidedly PG-13 kind of cookbook. Now, for the first time in 43 years, art book publisher Taschen has reprinted Les Diners, bringing it to the kitchens of Pinterest-hungry hosts around the world. It's not your average cookbook. It begins with the admonition that the recipes are "uniquely devoted to the pleasures of Taste." These are not meals you should rush to get on the dinner table or serve to someone who won't eat anything more adventurous than a hamburger. "If you are a disciple of one of those calorie-counters who turn the joys of eating into a form of punishment, close this book at once; it is too lively, too aggressive, and far too impertinent for you." Reader beware. There's an entire chapter devoted to snail and frog dishes — with seven variations of snails alone. In a recipe for Steamed and Boiled Larks, Dalí instructs the cook to let the pot of artichoke hearts, marrow-bones and songbirds "boil joyfully." The preparation of Dalí's Avocado Toast would be unrecognizable to today's brunch-going crowd — it includes lamb brains, minced almonds and tequila all perched on top of rye bread. One recipe for a Bush of Crayfish doesn't even include a proper list of ingredients. Instead, Dalí notes, "After giving us this recipe the chef decided that he wanted to keep the exact ingredients a secret. We present the recipe anyway for its reading pleasure." Dalí wrote instructions for how to prepare the dish (including the names of many ingredients), but readers are left to figure out measurements for themselves. Though it's Dalí's cookbook, not all of the recipes originated in the artist's kitchen. He thanks the chefs of famous Parisian establishments like Michelin-starred Lasserre and La Tour d'Argent, art-nouveau bistro Maxim's and historic railway restaurant Le Train Bleu — originally known as Buffet de la Gare de Lyon — for their "highly gastronomical recipes." But it's the presentation of the dish, not the recipe, that earns a place on the table of a surrealist dinner party. While it may seem wacky to serve people a tree of cooked crawfish, an Oasis Leek Pie made to look like a palm tree beckoning from the desert, or bacon-wrapped eel stuffed inside of a fish, perhaps 2016 is the perfect time to reprint a surrealist cookbook. These recipes are tame compared with Instagram-friendly food trends like rainbow bagels, bloody marys topped with either a hamburger or an entire fried chicken (or both!) and a pizza inside of a pizza box made out of pizza. If Dalí were alive today, perhaps instead of painting he'd be creating something like the surrealist Instagram account @tasteofstreep, where photos of Meryl Streep are printed onto different foods. Today, chefs quickly gain fame — if not fortune — by watching their concoctions go viral as food trends. As Dalí once said, "At the age of 6 I wanted to be a cook. At 7 I wanted to be Napoleon. And my ambition has been growing steadily ever since." Perhaps from beyond the grave, becoming an Instagram celebrity is Dalí's newest goal.

Stories: 1) Alice Sebold's Dark Tale Moves To The Silver Screen 2) 'Hitler's Favorite Tenor' Hits A High Note 3) Remembering Thomas Hoving's Decade At The Met 4) Jackson's 'Bones': The Furthest Thing From Lovely


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Question: Leaving Federal Mandates...and Money Behind

State lawmakers are debating whether or not to have Arizona opt out of the federal No Child Left Behind Act.  KJZZ's Mark Brodie has the details.

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State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


Question: Explosion Rocks Grozny, Kills At Least 46

Suspected suicide bombers rammed explosive-packed vehicles into the local government building in Grozny, Chechnya, killing at least 46 people. No one claims responsibility, but Chechen rebels are fighting for independence from Russia. NPR’s Robert Siegel talks with David Filipov, the Boston Globe’s Moscow correspondent.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Honduran Court Rules For Incumbent President Weeks After Disputed Vote. -- Carolina Panthers Owner Jerry Richardson Says He Will Sell Team. -- South Africa's ANC To Choose President Zuma's Replacement On 2019 Ballot. -- California's Thomas Fire 45 Percent Contained.  -- Airport Power Restored In Atlanta But Thousands Are Stranded. -- Trump To Outline His Blueprint For Military And Foreign Policy. And here are more early headlines: Report: Images Show New Destruction Of Rohinyga Villages In Myanmar. (Human Rights Watch) Israel Bombs Hamas Targets In Gaza After Rocket Fire. (AP) Former Chilean Leader Pinera Wins Presidential Runoff. (CNN) Tropical Storm Kills More Than 20 In Philippines. (Bloomberg) Suicide Bombers Kill 9 At Church In Quetta, Pakistan. (Reuters) 100 Foot Long Joint Shown At Cannabis Convention. (Worcester Telegram)


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Question: Documentary Reveals The Depth And Complexity Of Opera Star Maria Callas

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Maria by Callas weaves together performance clips, home movies, interviews and poignant diary excepts to present an intimate portrait of the singer in her own words.

Stories: 1) Human Trafficking Revealed In 'The Snakehead' 2) Journalist Reports On The Situation In Afghanistan


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Question: Gretchen Peters On Mountain Stage

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Gretchen Peters makes her third appearance on Mountain Stage, recorded live on the campus of the North House Folk School in Grand Marais, Minn. One of Nashville's most respected singer-songwriters, Peters has had her songs covered by some of country's biggest stars, including Trisha Yearwood, Pam Tillis, George Strait and Patty Loveless. In 1995, her song "Independence Day" became a signature hit for Martina McBride, winning a Grammy, as well as Country Music Association Awards for Video and Song of the Year. During the show, Peters recalls how surprising it was to wake up one morning to find Miley Cyrus tweeting about her song "Matador," and the sudden influx of younger Twitter followers that resulted. At first, Peters says she was dismayed, but then thought about the female artists she was listening to when she was 14: Joni Mitchell and Carole King. "Then I thought, bring 'em on — I've got something to say to these girls." Peters' latest album is titled Hello Cruel World. Peters is followed by Julie Adams and the Mountain Stage band, with their take on the pop standard "Walk On By." Set List  "Hello Cruel World" "Matador" "Woman On The Wheel" "Five Minutes" "Walk On By" (Julie Adams)  This installment of Mountain Stage was first published on Oct. 30, 2012.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Reduce, Reuse, Rethink: Remaking Recycling

Two-thirds of Americans have recycling bins in their homes and according to the EPA, just over a third of Americans' trash is recycled. But is recycling the best option? | Want to support 1A? Give to your local public radio station at donate.npr.org/1A and subscribe to our podcast. Have questions? Email the show at 1a@wamu.org.

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Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Remodeling The House; A Story That Fell From The Sky; and A Pint-Sized Literary Giant Emerges.


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Question: Lollapalooza To Require Vaccination Card Or Negative Test To Attend The Festival

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CHICAGO — The hordes of people expected to descend on Chicago's Grant Park for the Lollapalooza music festival this week will be required to show proof that they've been vaccinated for COVID-19 or tested negative for the disease within the last three days.The four-day festival starts Thursday and is expected to be back at full capacity, with roughly 100,000 daily attendees. After missing last summer because of the threat of the coronavirus, it will easily be Chicago's largest gathering since the pandemic started, and one of the country's. This year's festival will look very different than in the past. To gain entry, attendees will have to present their vaccination cards or a printed copy of a negative COVID-19 test that is no more than 72 hours old. That means that anyone with a four-day pass who isn't vaccinated will have to get tested twice. Furthermore, anyone who isn't vaccinated will have to wear a mask.Public health officials and others have raised concerns that such a large gathering, even outdoors, risks turning into a super-spreader event. Officials in the Netherlands were shocked after a much smaller music festival attended by 20,000 people over two days early this month led to nearly 1,000 cases of COVID-19, CNBC reported. That festival had similar safeguards to Lollapalooza's.Despite the recent spike in cases caused by the highly contagious delta variant, Dr. Allison Arwady, the commissioner of the Chicago Department of Public Health, said this week that she feels comfortable with Lollapalooza going ahead as planned because of the precautions organizers are taking, saying they have gone "above and beyond." In addition to the entry requirements, organizers have looked at air ventilation for any indoor spaces, made sure backstage workers are vaccinated, will make masks available and will test ticket-takers. "I would not feel comfortable moving ahead with Lollapalooza without COVID protocols in place," Arwady said. "I don't think I would feel comfortable if this were an indoor event, either. And I frankly don't think I would feel comfortable if we were sitting in Louisiana right now, where cases are looking like they're looking."Although the number of new daily cases in Chicago has climbed, from 104 a week ago to 176 as of Wednesday, the city hasn't had the kind of surge many other parts of the country have experienced in recent weeks, and its daily average number of deaths and hospitalizations have dropped slightly. "We're taking COVID seriously," Arwady said. At the same time, "When you're having this many folks who are coming through almost certainly there will be some cases. But I'm confident that the combination of what we know about limiting risk in outdoor settings, pairing that with vaccination and or testing and ideally mostly vaccination, which is what we expect, as well as all the other mitigation factors."Lollapalooza officials did not immediately respond to a request for further information on its screening process, but on the festival's website, they say that there will be people manning every entryway to search all bags that attendees are carrying as well as make sure nobody is allowed entry carrying anything other than small purses, totes and drawstring bags.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Given ['Represent text.', 'My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico'], a positive would be ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR:', 'Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace'] & a negative would be ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism']

Question: Eighteen-Year-Old Violist

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Eighteen-year-old violist Nokuthula Ngwenyama (noh-koo-TOO-lah en-gwen-YAH-mah), a student at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, joins pianist Reiko Uchida (RAY-koh OO-chee-dah) for a concert performance of a Divertimento in D Major by Franz Joseph Haydn. Recorded at the Krannert Center for the Arts on the campus of the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. (Krannert Center/WILL, Urbana)

Ableism On Campus By: Meghan Crowley, Alessandra Tucker, Tristin Roholt, Carly Murbach & Emily Robinett, Tulane University Being A College Student During A Pandemic By: Sophie Laclef, Dickinson College Crop Tops and Catcalls  By: Kendall Grace Harrison, Linfield University The Griot Podcast: Sylvia By: Olivia Jobe, Goucher College Hawaiian Pidgin By: Jacob "Coby" Aloi, Hamline University History of Famous Phrases By: Gavin Berger, Leah Ettinger, and Chris Ashe, Ithaca College International Crises Need More Bra Support Than Women By: Sonia M. Hernandez, Wellesley College Marriage And Quarantine By: Bernadette Fox, Metropolitan State University The Memphis Country Blues Festival By: Emma Jane Hopper, Elijah Matlock, Cam Napier, Betsy John & Shaliz Barzani, Rhodes College Mothers Of Green Gables By: Tricia De Souza, Williams College Recycling and the Danger of Altruism By: Asher Eller Wertheimer, Olivet College SeroTunein: Having Skin in the Game  By: Kurien Thomas, University of Virginia The Social Media Hermit: Puerto Rico By: Keith Anstead, Community College of Baltimore County Three Generations of Dating By: Liv Glassman, Northwestern University Within The Walls By: Nathaly Sanchez & Hortencia Diaz, Linfield University


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Question: Listener Limerick Challenge

Polly want a censor?; the best thing to happen to tooth care since gels; In California two environmental efforts cancel each other out.

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

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"['represent text', 'D.C. hardcore is ridiculous right now. Coke Bust, Pure Disgust, Protester, Collusion, Public Suicide, Misled Youth, Give — these are just a few of the bands ruling the basements of the city, with most (but not all) of its members still in their teens. One of the pit leaders is Red Death, a band that lives up to its name. Heavier than its peers, Red Death hits that sweet spot between "Horns up!" and the mosh move "picking up change." Following last year\'s promising demo, Permanent Exile is 16 minutes of D-beat-driven, Discharge swinging, early Corrosion Of Conformity pummeling, Death Angel thrash-riffing hardcore. "Strategic Mass Delirium" gives you 50 seconds to swarm in its rolling toms and psychedelic guitar freak-out, and then all hell breaks loose. Permanent Exile comes out this weekend on Grave Mistake during Damaged City Fest in Washington, D.C. Red Death is on tour with The Flex now.']" == "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Viking's Choice: Red Death, 'Strategic Mass Delirium'"]"

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: The 150 Greatest Albums Made By Women

This list, of the greatest albums made by women between 1964 and the present, is an intervention, a remedy, a correction of the historical record and hopefully the start of a new conversation. Compiled by nearly 50 women from across NPR and the public radio system and produced in partnership with Lincoln Center, it rethinks popular music to put women at the center.   150. The RochesThe Roches (Warner Bros., 1979) In the late 1970s, women across America sat in circles, speaking and listening intently. These simple acts of consciousness-raising were fundamental to second-wave feminism, throwing the light of everyday experience upon the false structures of sexism. The self-titled 1979 debut album by The Roches made consciousness-raising into music. It became a cult hit, turning Maggie, Terre and Suzzy Roche -- New Jersey-raised siblings who embodied both cultural feminism and Greenwich Village boho cool — into sneaker-clad heroines of the folk scene. Self-written songs about pregnancy, work, family tensions, complex love and the feminine mystique gained clarity from the utterly clear, deliberately imperfect harmonies The Roches had mastered singing holiday carols in the street. Art-rock guitarist Robert Fripp produced The Roches, and is often credited for its uniquely intimate feel. But that's wrong. His decision to mix these songs "in audio verité," so that everything in the speaker hit the ear with equal weight, was inspired by the way the sisters made their music, sitting in that consciousness-raising formation and vocalizing into each other's faces. Some male critics found The Roches startlingly intimate, but in its wryness and honesty, many women heard exactly what they were thinking. —Ann Powers (NPR Music)  149. Alicia KeysSongs In A Minor (J Records, 2001) Alicia Keys graduated from high school at age 16 with a scholarship to Columbia University. But she decided to pursue a future with a different Columbia instead — Columbia Records, the label who signed her at age 15. Like many black women artists who came before and after her, she had to contend with people who lacked respect for her as a creator and a person. As she told The New York Times in 2002: "So I'm working with them, and them being not receptive to the fact that I play. 'Little girl, sit over there in the corner.' Them being attracted to me, whatever, 'Little girl let's go to the movies, let's go to dinner.'" Keys couldn't work under those conditions, so she found a Queens basement and made her own studio there. When she took her finished records to Columbia, they didn't like them. So she left and released Songs In A Minor with Arista Records. It reached No. 1 on the Billboard charts and secured Keys' position as one of the most visionary composers of her time. A classically trained pianist raised on hip-hop in Hell's Kitchen, Keys took varied influences — including Chopin (her favorite composer), Marvin Gaye, Billie Holiday — and, with them, crafted a distillation of her spirit. The album's most enduring songs, "Fallin'," and "A Woman's Worth," are perfect. And when we listen to them, we should take care to remember the story of the young woman who made them. She taught an entire generation of us to persevere, to know our stuff — and yes, to know our worth. —Jenny Gathright (NPR Staff)  148. Terri Lyne CarringtonThe Mosaic Project (Concord Jazz, 2011) Some will say jazz, in a word, is improvisation. An equally appropriate word might be transformation: Each player comes to the gig with her arsenal of licks and voicings, but when the tune starts it's all about reacting to and being inspired by one another, giving each other space to create and shaping the simultaneous offerings into a transmuted whole. Fittingly, "Transformation," a cover of the Nona Hendryx track sung by Hendryx herself, set the tone for drummer Terri Lyne Carrington's formidable convention of female musicians. Nestled confidently between jazz and R&B, her album The Mosaic Project was at turns brainy, sassy, soulful and revolutionary — rather like the women it celebrated. Carrington's project, which spawned a sequel album in 2015, remains a necessary intervention in a musical community whose presumed leading lights still allege that women don't care for solos. (Tell that to Ingrid Jensen, or Esperanza Spalding, or the late Geri Allen, or any of the other women who played fine solos on this record.) It sounded like a communal metamorphosis, a circle of women passing inspiration --as rapper Shea Rose declared in "Sisters On The Rise" — "from a sister to another to another funky sister." —Rachel Horn (NPR Music)  147. Meredith MonkDolmen Music (ECM, 1981) In the early 1980s, when so much in the "new music" realm sounded jarring and almost self-consciously difficult, Meredith Monk took a different tack with Dolmen Music. With her voice, in its infinite permutations — gorgeous slides, ululations, breaths, cries, howls, drones — she navigated a landscape that seemed both familiar

Stories: 1) Colin Meloy of The Decemberists 2) Remembering Father Robert Drinan 3) The Metropolitan Opera in a Theater Near You


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Question: Fire In Belltown, USA Destroys Last Bell Factory

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Bevin Brothers Manufacturing Company in East Hampton, Ct., was a fixture in what was known as Belltown USA. Dozens of bell manufacturers used to call it home. But Bevin Bells was the city's last manufacturer until this past weekend when the factory burned down. Owner Matthew Bevin would like to rebuild.

Taco Truck Controversy. Fire Arts Festival. Hollywood Gentrified. A New Cathedral in Oakland.


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E.g.
'['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Femi And Made Kuti Present A Father-Son Double Album, 'Legacy +'"]' == '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "If a big part of having a family is the ability to pass on the knowledge and tradition you've learned over your life, then our guests, Femi and Made Kuti, are making the most of life. They represent the second and third generations of Afrobeat, started by Femi's father — and Made's Grandfather — Fela Kuti. For years, Femi played in his father's legendary band, Egypt 80, before taking the reins after his dad died in 1997 at the age of 58. Now, Femi offers the spotlight to his son, Made, who also played with his dad before stepping into his solo career.  Both Femi and Made have new records – presented together as the double album, Legacy +. We sat down with father and son to speak about the pride and joy of sharing releases and their appreciation of each other's craft. And you can feel the energy in their live performances, recorded on the stage of the New Afrika Shrine in Lagos, Nigeria. Listen to the complete session in the audio player, and watch the performance via NPR Live Sessions above."]' != '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Stories: 1) Saxophone Stylings, With A South-Asian Flair 2) Green Goes Blue With 'Grant's First Stand' 3) 'Her Peers': A Gutsy Anthology Of Women Writers"]'

Question: California State University vs. Its Faculty

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This morning's first hour explores issues driving the contract impasse between the California State University system and its faculty.

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Ahead Of Georgia Runoffs, Republicans Needed To Be United. Trump Divided Them

Updated at 11:38 a.m. ET In his ongoing quest to overturn the November election, President Trump has demanded total loyalty of his fellow Republicans around the country, but nowhere more dramatically than Georgia — where the last thing Republicans needed was an intraparty fight heading into its competitive U.S. Senate runoffs on Tuesday.  In recent weeks, the state's top Republican officials have resisted Trump's demands to overturn what has been upheld as a secure election. In a bombshell phone call leaked over the weekend, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger stood firm against the president's lobbying for him to "find 11,780 votes, which is one more than we have, because we won the state" and "recalculate" the vote tally in his favor.  In recent weeks, the president has taken to regularly berating officials — including Raffensperger — on Twitter, encouraging a 2022 primary challenge to former close ally Gov. Brian Kemp, and last week in calling for Kemp to resign. It all begs the larger question of how this destabilization could affect Republicans' chances in the newly minted battleground state.  President-elect Joe Biden won Georgia by nearly 12,000 votes. The Republican secretary of state and U.S. attorney general have said there's been no evidence of widespread voter fraud in the November election.  At a Monday night rally in Dalton, Ga., Trump vowed to "fight like hell" to keep the White House, again falsely alleging that Democrats stole the election.  The situation created by Trump has left many Georgia Republican operatives incredulous, especially because the high-profile Republican drama comes as voters in Georgia are set to determine the balance of power in the Senate through two Tuesday runoffs. Polls show the races as close, and it's evident that neither party can afford to leave any votes on the table.  What's been happening among Georgia Republicans is relevant to the national Republican Party, said Heath Garrett, a Georgia Republican strategist who previously served as a top aide to former Sen. Johnny Isakson.   "There's definitely a civil war, if you will, brewing in the Republican Party, but not just in Georgia," Garrett said. "It's what does a post-Trump presidency look like? And can we bring it back together?" "Do not self-suppress your own vote" For Kemp, the runoffs and implications for Republicans in Georgia are clearly front of mind.  "No one, whether you're mad at me, whether you like me, should get distracted by anything other than getting out to vote," Kemp responded at a press conference hours after Trump's tweet calling for Kemp's resignation. "That is where my focus is. I don't want to wake up on January the 6th and wonder what else I should have done." One of Raffensperger's top deputies, Gabriel Sterling, reiterated the same message on Monday as he debunked a litany of conspiracy theories the president has perpetuated. "Given the nature of the president's statements ... We are specifically asking and telling you to turn out and vote tomorrow," Sterling said. "Do not self-suppress your own vote." Yet Trump's attacks on Kemp, Lt. Gov. Geoff Duncan and Raffensperger have, at best, sown confusion and, at worst, caused some Republican voters in Georgia to turn against their officials. The president has also put the two incumbent Republican senators, Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue, in the unenviable position of being in the middle.  "Whipsawed by their own party" "Sen. Perdue and Sen. Loeffler have been whipsawed by their own party and by their own president," Garrett said.   The two senators' relationships with Kemp in particular have been close. Perdue's lobbying secured Kemp a crucial Republican primary endorsement from Trump in 2018. Loeffler wouldn't be a senator without Kemp, who appointed her to the position last year against the president's wishes.  And yet, Loeffler and Perdue have stayed in lockstep with Trump during their runoff campaigns, refraining from congratulating Biden and breaking with their caucus to support what had been a Democratic priority of $2,000 in coronavirus relief checks because Trump took up the cause.  They supported an unsuccessful lawsuit led by the state of Texas in the Supreme Court against the state of Georgia to overturn the election results, have not spoken out in Kemp's defense, and quickly called for Raffensperger's resignation in November. Loeffler said Monday she would object to Congress' Wednesday Electoral College vote tally. (Perdue's term has technically expired, though he said he supports the objections.)  Loeffler, who has repeatedly labeled herself "100% with President Trump," has avoided directly answering questions from the press about the tape of Raffensperger and the president's conversation, as well as the call for Kemp's resignation. Instead of trying to appeal to independent or more moderate Republicans as well as the Republican base, Garrett said, Loeffler and Perdue have been "forced" to focus on what would norma

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'President Trump visits San Juan two weeks after Hurricane Maria. He then flies to Las Vegas days after the worst mass shooting in modern U.S. history. Investigators continue their search for a motive as the nation mourns the deaths of 58 people shot by a lone Nevada gunman. Public comments by Secretary of State Rex Tillerson to affirm his support for the president seem to highlight tensions between them. Congress grills the former CEO of Equifax over a massive data breach. And Yahoo! discloses an even bigger breach, affecting 3 billion users. GUESTS Sheryl Gay Stolberg, Washington correspondent, The New York Times Jeff Mason, White House correspondent, Reuters Kimberly Adams, Reporter, Marketplace For more, visit http://the1a.org. © 2017 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.']" == "['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'Friday News Roundup - Domestic']"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: le Show - January 28, 2007

Harry features News of the Warm, News from Outside the Bubble, Dick Cheney: Confidential and Apologies of the Week.

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Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 875 2) Latino USA Episode 876 3) Latino USA Episode 877


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Question: The Most Vulnerable Workers

The restaurant industry makes up a large portion of the U.S. economy: 1 in 20 workers can be found in the food prep and serving industry. Because of mandated social distancing due to the coronavirus pandemic, restaurants have shuttered their doors across the country, leaving their workers not only jobless, but with no way of knowing when they'll be able to work again.  Food and drink servers already receive notoriously low pay and very few benefits, and they now face a terribly uncertain future.  Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter.  Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.

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State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Given ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'First Anniversary of Million Man March'], a positive would be ['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', 'On the first anniversary of the Million Man March, Minister Louis Farrakhan spoke before a large crowd of supporters in front of the United Nations building in New York. Farrakhan called the event the World Day of Atonement, and asked the United States and the United Nations to lift sanctions on Libya, Cuba and Iraq.'] & a negative would be ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.']

Question: Young Adults Swapping Soda For The Super Buzz Of Coffee

If you live in a college town, you might have noticed that campus coffee shops are still buzzing late into the evening. And that makes sense. New survey data from the NPD group, which tracks trends in what Americans eat and drink, finds that 18- to 24-year-olds are turning to coffee, rather than caffeinated sodas, as their pick-me-up of choice. In 2002, about 25 percent of 18- to 24-year-olds reported drinking coffee sometime within a two-week period. But by 2012, the percentage of young adults drinking coffee in that same time frame hit 39 percent. "It's an explosive growth in the consumption of coffee," says Harry Balzer of the NPD Group.  For evidence of this trend, I hit a coffee shop near the campus of George Washington University, which is just a Metro-ride away from NPR headquarters here in D.C. In midafternoon, I found a packed house. "This is nothing for two o'clock in the afternoon," senior Arturo Lichaucho tells me. Often times, the line is out the door and around the block, he explained, and lots of students hit the coffee shop before hitting the books in the late afternoon. The students I chatted with gave lots of reasons for a steady coffee habit, including increasing demands on their time that lead to less sleep, and the 24/7 culture of overstimulation. And why not drink more coffee? Recent studies link coffee consumption to a range of good health effects, including decreased risk of dementia and decreased risk of depression among women. But experts say there is one downside that's often overlooked: Coffee consumption can get in the way of a good night's sleep. "Our data has shown that a brewed coffee contains much more caffeine than a cold cola beverage" says Bruce Goldberger, a toxicologist at the University of Florida. The Center for Science in the Public Interest took a look at several popular items and analyzed their caffeine content. It found that a 12-ounce cup of coffee from Starbucks contains about 260 milligrams of caffeine, which is about five times more than a 12-ounce can of Diet Coke. The caffeine content of coffee varies widely. McDonald's coffee, for instance, has about 100 mg for a similar-size serving, which is significantly less than Starbucks. And Dunkin' Donuts coffee is somewhere in the middle. For more comparisons, see their caffeine content chart. When adolescents and young adults are habituating to the effects of caffeine, it's easy for them to overdo it. And often, even adults with lots of experience drinking coffee don't necessarily connect sleep problems to caffeine consumption. "There are absolutely negative implications," explains Amy Wolfson of the College of the Holy Cross in Massachusetts, who has studied how caffeine influences sleep among adolescents. For instance, studies have linked high caffeine use to decreased REM sleep. "We know that REM sleep is needed and has positive implications for memory consolidation and learning," says Wolfson. And if college students are getting too little sleep, or poorer quality sleep, Wolfson says, it's likely to have negative implications for academic performance. So what's the smartest way to consume coffee for the boost but without the bust of a good night's sleep? Pay attention to how much you drink, and when you drink it. Consider this: The half-life of caffeine in the body can range from 2 1/2 hours to 12 hours. Because of genetic differences, some of us metabolize caffeine much more quickly than others. But Goldberger says the typical half-life is probably about five hours, which means caffeine typically stays in the body for about 10 hours — or longer. (Technically, he says it takes up to five half-lives to rid the body completely of a drug.) "If someone has a cup of coffee at 7 p.m., the caffeine that they've ingested is still in the body affecting the central nervous system when they're going to bed," says Goldberger. So as a rule of thumb, if you want to go to sleep by midnight — and stay asleep — it's probably best not to drink coffee after 2 p.m.

Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: A Neuroscientist Explores The Illogical Behaviors Of The Mind In 'Idiot Brain'

Dean Burnett says the human brain is like a computer that files information in a way that defies logic. According to Burnett, brains can alter memory, cause motion sickness and affect intelligence.

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Stories: 1) Getting To Know The Animal Families Of 'Earth' 2) Robert Sullivan, In The Alleys With 'Rats' 3) Up Close And Personal With The Dung Beetle


Question: Russian Prime Minister

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"['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Call them buttonhole books, the ones you urge passionately on friends, colleagues and passersby. All readers have them -- and so do writers. This summer, NPR.org talks with authors about their favorite buttonhole books in the weekly series "You Must Read This." The Third Policeman, originally published in 1944, is the singularly strange crowning work in the fiction of the great Irish humorist Flann O\'Brien. It opens with a tale of robbery and murder committed by its nameless narrator, who intends to use the proceeds of the crime to publish his commentaries on the writings of a plainly cracked philosopher named de Selby -- who theorizes that the earth is actually shaped like a sausage and that the phenomenon of night is a form of industrial pollution.  From there on, the book only gets stranger. The narrator finds himself in an alternate dimension not unlike the area surrounding his rural Irish home, but running on an entirely different set of metaphysical laws. The area policemen closely monitor the movements of local citizens, convinced that they are gradually being turned into bicycles. Violent one-legged men roam the countryside. And eternity is an elevator ride away, just to the left of the local river. Yet the real astonishment is reserved for the conclusion, where the narrator discovers some discomfiting truths about his own metaphysical situation. NPR discussed O\'Brien\'s antic, witty book with Charles Baxter, author of the novel Saul and Patsy. Q. So in the introduction to my reprint edition, Denis Donoghue argues that The Third Policeman isn\'t a novel at all, but something he calls (after the critic Northrop Frye) a "Menippean satire," mainly concerned with lampooning broad character types like the mad philosopher de Selby.  It\'s true that The Third Policeman isn\'t long on conventional plotting. But doesn\'t it have as every bit the claim to the novel pedigree -- and indeed, to classic stature as a comic novel -- that we\'d accord to any number of similarly convention-bending works, e.g., Don Quixote or Tristam Shandy, or the work of Joyce and Beckett?   Novels like The Third Policeman can sometimes throw readers into a panic. They ask, "What on earth (or elsewhere) is this? Where am I? How do we classify this book?" I\'m no great fan of Northrop Frye\'s criticism, and I don\'t care all that much whether O\'Brien\'s book is a Menippean satire or a literary bicycle pump. What good are these critical categories when we\'re reading, except to put our readerly experiences into a labeled box?  Certainly if we try, we can find many other novels like The Third Policeman, such as the ones you mentioned, or, more recently, Nabokov\'s Pale Fire, and virtually all the novels of the wonderful Charles Portis, or the footnote-sprouting fiction of David Foster Wallace, Dave Eggers and much other contemporary writing.  Of course, this book is a novel, and as the discourse of our world gets stranger and seemingly more private, the book\'s content seems more true to life. I\'m more interested in the experience of reading a novel like The Third Policeman than in classifying it. Its slightly demented narrative spirals out into wild comedy and the hilarity of terror -- that\'s what is interesting.  I don\'t know what world Donoghue lives in, but the characters in The Third Policeman can be met up with any day. They\'re the people who talk your head off in committee rooms hour after hour, who grab your lapels at the office and spew out their "theories" -- also, not incidentally, the Internet is filled with the crazy contributions of people who are like the characters in this book, the subtly mad who thrive on their obsessive insights and secret knowledge. They\'re everywhere. Q. Donoghue also makes the case that O\'Brien is a "nihilist" writer, another claim that strikes me as overblown. Isn\'t the narrator actually being punished -- albeit in hilariously roundabout fashion -- for his misdeeds? No, it\'s not nihilism. What confuses some readers is that the tone of this novel is not moralistic, or earnest, but slippery and weirdly offhanded. In it, language is like a fish you\'ve caught that has slipped out of your hands and is flopping around in the boat. We\'re plunged into a comic nightmare, where language, like that fish I mentioned, keeps going out of control or manages to flop out of the boat back into its native element. (English was the second language that O\'Brien acquired, and it must have felt slightly alien to him, as it did to many Irish writers, because he loves to mock its technical vocabulary and its rumbling blowhard sentences.)  The narrator -- who is a murderer -- ends up confronting his victim in the afterlife in a funny but also terrifying scene, and he watches as, slowly but surely, a scaffold is built for his own hanging -- or his "stretching," as the policemen call it. The narrator meets his soul, and as the novel advances, he feels a growing sense of disorientation and "brain-shrinking" fright. He learns that in the ']" == "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'The Funniest, and Scariest, Book Ever Written']"

NPR's Michele Kelemen reports from Moscow that the lower house of the Russian parliament, or Duma, is preparing to vote tomorrow on President Boris Yeltsin's nominee for Prime Minister. Yeltsin appointed Interior Minister Sergei Stepashin last week, after abruptly firing Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov. Stepashin has no economic expertise. Neither is he well-liked in the Communist-dominated legislature. But lawmakers see him as an interim appointment and are expected to confirm him as prime minister. President Yeltsin, meantime, has left for his country home and is reported to be ill again.

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Somebody's Waterloo, Joystick Justice, and Gay Times In New York.


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Question: Like In 2008, Ex-Pa. Governor Says Clinton Will Win State's Democratic Primary

Five states hold primaries on Tuesday and Pennsylvania has the biggest delegate prize. Lourdes Garcia-Navarro talks to former Governor Ed Rendell for some insight into that swing state's politics.

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This Morning:Columnist Bob Novak Stands by Obama Dirt Story This Evening:Poll: Obama Leading Among Dems in Iowa What say you?


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Question: Mark O'Connor On Mountain Stage

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Mark O'Connor has been visiting Mountain Stage since 1988, during which time he's become one of America's most beloved and highly regarded violinists. O'Connor composed what has become the world's most-performed modern violin concerto and released nearly 40 albums, including Hot Swing, a tribute to legendary French jazz master (and O'Connor's longtime friend and mentor) Stephane Grappelli. O'Connor has also authored his own teaching method, which focuses solely on American music. On today's episode of Mountain Stage, O'Connor plays six songs drawn from his method books, ranging from his wildly popular "Appalachia Waltz" to "St. Louis Blues" and Bill Monroe's "Gold Rush." He's backed throughout his set by violinist and American fiddler Maggie Dixon. SET LIST  "Jessie Polka" "Emily's Reel" "St. Louis Blues" "Simple Gifts" "Appalachia Waltz" "Gold Rush"

Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: Hour Two: Obama's Passport Files Breached

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Three contract workers are accused of unauthorized access of Sen. Barack Obama's passport files. The State Department yesterday called the breach "imprudent curiosity" and a clear violation of Department policy.

Stories: 1) Candidates' Prescriptions for Health Care Reform 2) Mark McKinney's Outrageous Comic Fortune


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Question: Istanbul's Tarlabasi Under Constant Transformation

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"['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'For several years, StoryCorps booths have allowed ordinary people relate their own stories to be preserved in a huge and growing collection in the Library of Congress.']" == "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Stories off the sidewalk']"

Waves of migration from the Turkish countryside have swelled Istanbul's population to more than 12 million people, making it one of the world's megacities.  Economic migrants have overwhelmed the city's infrastructure and services.   And in what was once the capital of the Ottoman Empire, one of Istanbul's most notorious slums has spung up.  Tarlabasi is a densely populated maze of narrow streets that wend between crumbling Ottoman-era houses built on a hillside.  It's located right next to the commercial and cultural heart of Istanbul and, yet, most Turks consider Tarlabasi a no-go zone.  It's here, on a crumbling, graffiti-lined street that Souad Calbay runs the Benahol Laundry Shop out of the ground floor of a once-grand 19th-century building.   In Kurdish, Behahol means "everything is all right." But that's not how Calbay says he feels these days. He presses one shirt after another with a rusting iron.  "Everything happens here," Calbay says. "There's thieves outside here every day. There's fights out that happen on the street.  And every day they're selling drugs here on the streets." Calbay is an ethnic Kurd. Like hundreds of thousands of other Kurds, he fled to Istanbul in the 1990s to escape the grinding poverty and bloody conflict in southeastern Turkey, where Turkish security forces have battled Kurdish separatists off and on since the 1980s.  Calbay's customers are almost all young, male Kurds from the Southeast. They cram into cheap single-room apartments in Tarlabasi. Because many don't have bathrooms, they pay to use the showers in the basement of Calbay's shop.  Many of these young migrants don't find work here – and end up like this 19-year-old, who calls himself Fuad, dealing and doing drugs in the neighborhood's back streets.  Fuad and several of his teenage friends take turns smoking hashish in the filthy one-room apartment where up to 12 young men sleep every night.  Life wasn't always like this in Tarlabasi.  Until the 1950s, this was a prosperous neighborhood inhabited by Greeks and Armenians. But a series of pogroms and discriminatory government policies led to the forced departure of most of Istanbul's Christian residents.  Anna Maria Gelmayden Pertan is one of the few thousand ethnic Greeks still living in Istanbul.  "This house is a typical Greek townhouse of the 19th century," Pertan says. "It was built by my great-grandfather, Dmitri Kurteli." Pertan's carefully maintained family home is a magnificent five-story building filled with Antigue icons. Standing just across the street are similar houses that now serve as brothels on Tarlabasi Boulevard.  "I must confess that I don't really go down to that part of the town very often," Pertan says. "Well, three times thieves fell upon me and tried to steal my wallet." Most of the Ottoman-era buildings in Tarlabasi were abandoned during the Greek exodus. In time, Pertan says, the neighborhood became a squatter's paradise.  "When you walk down in Tarlabasi — when you go to the market on a Sunday — you don't hear Turkish spoken at all. It's either Kurdish or Arabic," Pertan says. "And they all wear their own national costumes and sit in the street, so you think, really, that you're in an Anatolian village. Nothing to do with the 19th-century elegant Greeks." In the weekly outdoor bazaar in Tarlabasi, rural life raucously collides with the modern urban world.  Here, less than a mile from Istanbul's five-star hotels, child shepherds herd flocks of sheep through the streets as Kurdish women in bright floral headscarves shop for fruit and cheap Chinese-made cosmetics alongside trembling, teenage glue-sniffers and illegal African immigrants.  Tarlabasi's cheap housing has attracted poor migrants from across the developing world. And that includes refugees from the conflict raging in neighboring Iraq.  Nissam Koryal Danyal is an Iraqi Christian who fled with his family to Turkey last year after he narrowly survived a daylight carjacking in Baghdad.   "They steal my car and they steal my shop so I leaved to save my wife and children. And to save myself," Danyal says. Today, Danyal serves food seven days a week in a working-class cafeteria next to the Tarlabasi street bazaar — making just enough money to pay rent as he waits for the United Nations to process his application for asylum in the West.  Of the many communities that have sought shelter in Tarlabasi, perhaps the most incongruous are the transvestites.  "All the people comes for sex to Tarlabasi," says Michelle Kurts, a tall, bleached-blond transvestite who works at a nightclub on Tarlabasi Boulevard.  "You know Tarlabasi is the sex center of Istanbul city." Kurt takes walks down a trash-strewn alley toward some transvestites who live and work here as prostitutes because, she says, they are unwelcome and persecuted in other parts of the city.  Tarlabasi's days as a lawless haven for society's outcasts may be coming to an end. After decades of neglect, the city government has announced pla

Taco Truck Controversy. Fire Arts Festival. Hollywood Gentrified. A New Cathedral in Oakland.


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Question: Widening Income Gap 'Concerns' Obama

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Steve Inskeep talks to President Obama about the widening gap between rich and poor in the U.S. The president says the decades-long trend has accelerated because of globalization and technology. Because of those two factors, a lot of manufacturing jobs have left the U.S.

News Headlines: Feb. 14, 2007 Talk About It:Washington Post: 2 Reports At Odds On Biotech Crops -- "Dueling reports released yesterday [about genetically engineered crops] -- one by a consortium largely funded by the biotech industry and the other by a pair of environmental and consumer groups -- came to two different conclusions." Which report are you inclined to believe? How do you think genetically modified crops will affect the developing world? Will these crops solve the global hunger crisis or will they hurt local organic farmers, who can't compete with transnational companies? Election 2008:Reuters: Clinton Leading Obama in Ohio, Pennsylvania: Poll Chicago Tribune: House GOP Makes Peace with McCain Boston Globe: Gaining Speed, Obama Shifts Gears New York Times: Michelle Obama Takes to the Trail Nation:Boston Globe: Lawmakers Urged to Form Panel to Study Black Men New York Times: Fed Chief Sees Economic Rebound Later in Year Washington Post: On Capitol Hill, Clemens Denies Steroid Use World:New York Times: Opposition: Mbeki Fails to Ease Zimbabwe Crisis AP: S. Africa Wants to Speed Land Distribution to Black Farmers Reuters: Kenya Crisis Talks Adjourn, Rice Expected Miami Herald: U.S. Judge Freezes $300M in Venezuela Oil Cash Op-Ed:Maureen Dowd: A Flawed Feminist Test


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Question: Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed

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With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.
In comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)