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Question: Stanley Corngold - 1905: A Literary Response to Modernity

This talk deals with representative works of German and Hapsburg fiction circa 1905. Stanley Corngold covers literature produced by the genius of Thomas Mann (1875-1955), Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926), Robert Musil (1880-1942) and Franz Kafka (1883-1924), that registered swiftly changing perceptions of human time and space owing to the frenetic pace of Central European modernization. As the literary community responded to technical innovations in the manufacture of commodities; the associated acquisition of wealth, producing changes in class-structure; the growth of cities, creating centers of simultaneous but dissociated activity requiring new medial connection, some saw these changes as matters of great intellectual interest, others as signs of the pathological breakdown of older norms and values.

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Stories: 1) 'The Gospel of Judas and the Shaping of Christianity' 2) 'How Doctors Think' 3) "The Other Side of You"


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Question: Christopher Nolan On 'Tenet' And Time, 'The Most Cinematic Of Subjects'

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Updated at 7:11 p.m. ET The director Christopher Nolan has spent a lot of time exploring the concept of time. In 2000, his breakthrough movie, the thriller Memento, told the story — from end to beginning — of a man who'd lost his short-term memory.  As Nolan's films got bigger and more ambitious, he found different ways to manipulate time, in movies like Inception, Interstellar and Dunkirk. His latest is a globe-trotting spy thriller called Tenet. In it, some of the characters and objects move backward in time, a process the movie calls "inversion," while others move forward. "Time is the most cinematic of subjects," he tells All Things Considered. "Before the movie camera came along, human beings had no way of seeing time backwards, slowed down, sped up." In excerpts from the interview, Nolan discusses time — how to film a movie about it and why he is drawn repeatedly to it.   Interview Highlights These have been edited for length and clarity. Tenet is not about hopping to the past or the future, it's about time running backwards. Why did you want to make that the jumping-off point for the movie?  I think there's a really productive relationship between the medium and the physical reality of time and the idea of time that we all live in. So I've been dealing with this in my films for years and I had this visual notion of a bullet that's in a wall, being sucked out of the wall, and into the barrel of the gun it was fired from, and I put the image in Memento, my early film, as a metaphorical idea or a symbol of the structural notion of the film. But I always harbored this desire to create a story in which the characters would have to deal with that as a physical reality. And that eventually grew over the years into Tenet. Did you have to train actors to throw a punch backwards or take a punch backwards, or do you just film it forwards and play it backwards? No, we had to do everything four different ways, essentially. And so the actors are learning how to throw a punch backwards. They're also trying to work with the stunt team to determine what an inverted punch against somebody who's not inverted, what effect that has, because it's not just a straight backwards punch. And so you've got all of these different levels of complexity. And that took months of development. And then the actors coming in had to learn how to walk backwards, talk backwards. In [actor] Ken Branagh's case, talk backwards with a Russian accent. What is it about you as a person that keeps being drawn to these questions of how we experience time? What I like to say about my fascination with time is I've always lived in it and it's a glib response, but there's a truth to it. And as I get older — I turned 50 just before I released the film — as my kids get older, your sense of time changes. In Interstellar, that's very directly presented. I think that kind of feeling that we all have as we get older of losing things and things slipping away and things moving ahead without us. And there's a tremendous sense, coming into the middle age of acceleration of time. And I think moving on to Tenet, the idea of looking at the world differently, this examination of, OK, why do we want to see a car chase in the film? Why do we want to see a plane crash? What's the excitement of that? How does that work? And trying to present it differently to the audience and for myself to look at it differently, turn it upside down, if you like, and time can do that for us. When I got to the end of the film, I wasn't sure that I understood every moment ... and with a story this intricate, that sort of seems inevitable. Are you OK with that?  The interesting thing in movies is, you know, looking at the thriller genre in particular, you're not meant to understand every single aspect. You're meant to go on the journey, pass through the maze, understand the things you need to understand for the stakes of the scene you're in, and then you get to the end of the movie and you've been on a journey and you understand how you got there. That's the key.  The idea that you'd watch a large-scale studio blockbuster and come out feeling like maybe there are things I didn't understand that I should go back and take a look at or whatever. I think that's kind of fun. And as an audience member, I've always enjoyed movies that, if you want to see it a second time, you're going to see a different movie. You're going to see different layers in it. ... My job as a filmmaker is to make sure that the first time you see the movie, you are entertained and you are gripped and that, you can't lose sight of.

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Stories: 1) Mike Judge: Mining Comic Joy From Workplace Pain 2) Mad Mel, Approaching The 'Edge Of Darkness' Again 3) Changing The 'Game,' But Not For The Better


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Question: Does It Matter That Lena Dunham Was Photoshopped By 'Vogue'?

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The latest round in the battle over body image, a dust-up between the upstart online magazine Jezebel and the Conde Nast giant Vogue, may be going to Vogue. Jezebel accused Vogue of digitally altering images of HBO sensation Lena Dunham, who famously insists on displaying her real, somewhat rounded shoulder and chin on her own show, Girls. Jezebel jumped on the Vogue covers, which streamlined some of those features. Jezebel offered $10,000 for the un-retouched images. "Despite the fact that Vogue did clearly Photoshop Lena Dunham, their cover girl, they're actually winning this," Emma Bazilian, media reporter for AdWeek, tells Here & Now's Robin Young. "Vogue is supposed to be this sort of fantasy version of a fashion reality, and it's really nothing that you wouldn't expect from them. And plus, they really get kudos for putting such a real girl — who's not like a size 2 model or actress — on the cover." On Tuesday, Vogue released a charming video of Dunham and Vogue European Editor at Large Hamish Bowles, made on the day of the photo shoot. Meantime, American Eagle's lingerie brand Aerie has launched a campaign called "Aerie Real," which features un-retouched models. Thoughts On This Issue From Around The Web ...  Jezebel: Aside from the obvious lighting tweaks that any publication would make, the unretouched images are pretty perfect. Which makes some of the adjustments — slightly narrowing a jaw or raising a waistline — seem that much more unnecessary. Why bother? These slight tweaks, the "you look great, but you'd look just a little more great if..." stuff is insidious. The Daily Beast: Compared to other Photoshop jobs in women's glossies (many of which Jezebel has singled out), these were so [anti-climactic] that we can't help but roll our eyes when Coen calls them "insidious." The cover alterations were impossibly subtle, but Coen detailed the portrait's offenses against the "real" Lena Dunham in the language of a police report. Lena Dunham's response via Slate: I understand that for people there is a contradiction between what I do and being on the cover of Vogue; but frankly I really don't know what the photoshopping situation is, I can't look at myself really objectively in that way. I know that I felt really like Vogue supported me and wanted to put a depiction of me on the cover. I never felt bullied into anything ... I don't understand why, photoshop or no, having a woman who is different than the typical Vogue cover girl, could be a bad thing.

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Brett Favre announced yesterday that he will continue playing. But only for one more year. And if you believe that, then you also must believe that the following events will also occur, as they appear to be far more likely than his actual retirement -- as we noted in a post that ran one year ago yesterday. 1. Yale Students Welcome Snooki On Her First Day 2. Lady Gaga Unveils Line Of Tummy-Shaping Undergarments 3. New 'American Idol' Judges Are A Big Hit; Show's Problems Solved 4. J-Lo Arrested In Extensive Anti-Booty Rioting 5. Brett Favre Eaten By Coyotes 6. James Franco: 'It's Probably Time To Calm Down' 7. Kathryn Bigelow Says James Cameron Is 'Probably Right' About 3D 8. What Ever Happened To Justin Bieber? 9. Herbert Hoover Reincarnated As Large, Enthusiastic Cocker Spaniel 10. Bryn Mawr Endows Katy Perry Chair 11. Musicologists Discover 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' Speeded Up 800 Percent Sounds Like 'Yakety Sax' 12. Experts Agree: Helen Mirren Has Totally Let Herself Go 13. Bret Michaels Gets Green Party Endorsement 14. Kanye Interrupted At VMAs By Irate, Obscene Rant From Bon Iver's Justin Vernon 15. Brett Favre Shocks World By Totally Not Retiring At All 16. Starbucks Introduces Prozac-Infused "Happuccino" 17. Health Trend Continues As 'Fiber Emporium' Buys Out 436 Dying Cupcake Stores 18. Internet Reaches Consensus: 'It Turns Out It Was Mostly A Misunderstanding' 19. Public Embraces Inexpensive Pacifiers Made From Recycled Truck Tires 20. It's Official, Guv'nor: Brits Love American-Made Tea 21. Worldwide Fretting Over Jennifer Aniston's Love Life Suspended 22. Brett Favre Struck By Lightning While Playing Golf 23. Cold Fusion Discovered By Participant In ABC's 'Shark Tank' 24. Facebook Streamlines Privacy Controls With 'Just Don't Tell Anybody Anything About Me Unless I Say It's Okay' Button 25. Brett Favre Plans Stint In Minor League Baseball: What Could Go Wrong?


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

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Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin to add three recordings of the Symphony No. 2 in E minor by Sergei Rachmaninoff to the PT Basic Record Library.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: High Court Hears Nike 'Commercial Speech' Arguments

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The U.S. Supreme Court hears arguments in a major First Amendment case testing whether false statements made in a public-relations campaign are commercial speech that can be punished as false advertising. At issue: a lawsuit against Nike, the world's largest manufacturer of athletic apparel. NPR's Nina Totenberg reports.

Good morning - while we wait for the Supreme Court's health care decision, we're following these stories: 'Hell In The Rearview Mirror' As Coloradoans Flee Wildfires. News Corp. Confirms Split; Rupert Murdoch Will Chair Both Companies. Record-Breaking Heat Moves From Midwest To Mid-Atlantic And Southeast. (National Weather Service) European Union Fiscal Summit Opens, Hopes Dim For Bold Steps. (Reuters) Bosnian Serb Leader Karadzic Acquitted Of One Genocide Count; Still Faces 10 More War Crimes Charges. (AP) Barclays Bank Pays $452 Million In Fines To Settle Interest Rate Manipulation Case. (MarketWatch) Blasts Strike Syrian Capital, Turkey Stations Troops Along Syrian Border. (CNN) Cargo Search Continues For Possible Stowaways At New Jersey Port. (Star-Ledger) Texas Man Sentenced To 40 Years In Houston Stand-Your-Ground Murder Case. (KPRC) German Court Outlaws Circumcision Of Boys As 'Bodily Harm'. (Deutche Welle)


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Question: Election News from Around California

The November election is just over three weeks away, and Californians are starting to focus on politics. Writers for three newspapers talk about the key issues in their parts of the state.

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Sex Offender Measures. Constitutional or Not?, Field Notes: Glossopedia, Grand Ole Opry Turns 80, Focus on Technology, Hollywood in Cincinnati


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Question: From Farm To Distillery, Heirloom Corn Varieties Are Sweet Treasures

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"Knee-high by the Fourth of July" is an old favorite saying, when you'd drive past a field of corn out in the country. And many of the old favorite varieties, called heirloom corn, have lots of new friends. In recent years, seed companies have been reporting big sales numbers for these varieties. Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds in Missouri says sales are "skyrocketing" — a fitting verb for the fireworks holiday. And in Kentucky, two projects are growing up around heirloom corn. One is a new adventure in bourbon distilling, and the other takes place on a hilltop farm in the northern part of the state. I went to see Jennifer Gleason's small farm, and on the way I was thinking of some of the colorful heirloom names, such as Painted Mountain Corn, Bloody Butcher and Country Gentleman. Gleason's favorite? Hickory King Corn. A longtime farmer, she's trying to raise enough food for her family, mostly fruits and vegetables. Fifteen years ago she decided to start growing a grain, and went looking for corn. She was introduced to Hickory King. "I went to the local hardware store in downtown Maysville ... a really old-fashioned one where you had the seeds in bins that you shoveled out and weighed. And it was the only corn that wasn't pink. All the other corn was coated with a fungicide," she says. Gleason now has a corn house where she works with a grain mill, grinding the Hickory King she brings in from the fields. For the home table she makes grits, hominy and corn bread. "With time I learned it was an open-pollinated heirloom variety best known for making great moonshine, making great hominy. Animals love it as fodder," she says. Gleason's farm is now a tiny factory, called Sunflower Sundries. She makes and sells lot of soap, jars of jam, pickled asparagus, and the Hickory King line which now includes corn chips. They come in 12-ounce bags, which sell well in nearby counties and by mail order. Two local farmers help her grow enough of the corn. I was pleased to hear Jennifer mention moonshine. Of course, that's how bourbon got started in the first place, with the Scots-Irish settlers in Appalachia growing corn, adding value by cooking it, distilling it, and transporting the liquor in barrels. And I'd heard that Buffalo Trace Distillery in Frankfort, alongside the Kentucky River, has an experimental project underway that uses heirloom corn. I went to meet Master Distiller Harlen Wheatley and we talked amid the noise and the steam and the sweet aroma of fermenting corn. Buffalo Trace plans to make bourbon from heirloom corn, using a different variety each year. On the morning I visited he was watching over the project's first selection, harvested last fall, called Boone County White. "All the grain from the farm, we dried it in a silo and then we brought it in and ground it. It's been fermented about five days. We're going to still it today," Wheatley says. The company has set aside 18 acres on a farm it's bought next door, making it easy to keep watch during the season. "The stuff was 15 feet tall," Wheatley says. "Some of the ears were 24 inches long. We were pretty excited when we saw the ears, but the problem was there was only one or two per stalk." Two ears on each stalk? That's about right for most corn — it was the 24-inch ear that impressed Wheatley. As it turned out they had a good enough crop for 117 barrels of bourbon. Now it will take six years to age, the barrels stored away in a warehouse. No one can predict what it might end up tasting like, although the company has grand expectations. When the proper time comes there will be a taste test. Respectable whiskey writers will get together and sip and decide what's really in the heirloom corn barrel. The highest rated of all time? That's Pappy Van Winkle, namesake of the bourbon now produced by Buffalo Trace, scoring 95 out of 100 points. Amy Preske, the company's public relations director, says they're hoping this experiment produces a perfect 100 score. Preske's department loves to send out stories about elegantly dressed gentlemen who once made fine whiskey. In this case — the choice of the heirloom variety factors in. Boone County White was said to be a favorite corn of E.H Taylor, who's often referred to as a "founding father" of the bourbon industry. Buffalo Trace can date its beginnings back to Taylor's distillery in the late 1800s. That's job satisfaction for Perske. "We like things that have good history behind them, because that's basically what marketing is about — it's telling good stories." Taylor's new bourbon will be ready in 2022, followed in one year by heirloom crop No. 2 — Japonica Striped Corn, which did come from Japan, and has striped leaves, purple tassels, and burgundy kernels. That corn — here on the Fourth of July — is reported to be 12 inches high. ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:  Knee-high by the Fourth of July is an old saying in corn country, and the old favorite varieties, called heirloom corn, have lots of new friends. Seed companies report th

Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Provided: ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed'] Match: ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.\nIn comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]'] Hard Negative: ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google\'s Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth\'s Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)']

Question: 'After Tonight' a Triumph Over Adversity

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R&B crooner Will Downing's latest CD is titled After Tonight. He recorded it from his bed after being diagnosed with a debilitating auto-immune disease which confined him to a wheelchair. FARAI CHIDEYA, host:  Will Downing has sung, written and recorded R&B for more than two decades. He's worked with musicians including Jennifer Holliday and Kool & the Gang. The Brooklyn native also gets kudos for his interpretation of classic jazz tunes.  (Soundbite of son, "I Try")  Mr. WILL DOWNING (Singer, Songwriter): (Singing) I try to do the best I can for you. But it seems it's not enough.  CHIDEYA: Earlier this year, Downing was diagnosed with a rare disease that causes extreme fatigue and muscle weakness. Now, he has to use a wheelchair. But that hasn't stopped him from using his powerful voice as well. Will Downing has just released his 13th album. It's called "After Tonight," and he recorded it, in part, from his bed.  NPR's Tony Cox spoke to Downing about his new CD and triumphing over his illness to continue his career.  TONY COX: Polymyositis. Am I saying it right?  Mr. DOWNING: Actually, you did very well.  COX: As I understand it, from what I've read about, there are different types of this autoimmune disorder. So tell us what you are going through.  Mr. DOWNING: Well, basically, it affected me in a way where - taking away my muscles in, let's see, in my legs, hips and in my upper arms, which, you know, makes it very difficult for you to lift your arms and to walk. So it kind of relegated me to, you know, sitting in a wheelchair and/or lying in bed. You know, you can't do much without the aide of anyone else.  COX: Now, you recorded then this new CD, "After Tonight," while you were going through this?  Mr. DOWNING: Absolutely. I make, like, you know, quick reference to it in a joking sort of way. And I called it "Songs From The Black Chair." You know, so I was actually, you know, sitting in the wheelchair while doing my vocals or lying in, you know, lying in bed.  COX: Are you saying actually recording, singing while you're lying in bed?  Mr. DOWNING: Engineers would come by and put the microphone in between my legs while I'm sitting on this wheelchair and you go to work.  COX: Man. You know, isn't your voice affected by your body position - meaning sitting or lying down as opposed to standing?  Mr. DOWNING: Oh, without a doubt. I mean, your air passages are compromised. So you have to find different techniques and different ways to do things and, you know, you're certainly not going to be able to hold a note longer than you would if you're able to stand up. Not to mention that the disease also - it takes away from you being able to breathe at full capacity. So you just - you make do with what you got.  COX: You know, you've been called an R&B singer, a jazz singer, a gospel singer, a soul singer. You even recorded a John Coltrane classic, "A Love Supreme" with vocals. How do you define your sound, or do you?  Mr. DOWNING: I just call it, kind of, urban adult contemporary music. It's a gumbo of all the things that I love. I love R&B. I love contemporary jazz. I love traditional jazz. And I just mix it all up together.  (Soundbite of song, "After Tonight")  Mr. DOWNING: (Singing) After tonight, I'm gonna show you how to make love. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. After tonight, I'll be only one you're thinking of. After tonight I bet you'll never be the same in love. You'll never be the same in love. After me loving you. After me loving you. After tonight, tonight, tonight.  COX: You know, the new CD is titled "After Tonight." That's a nice song and I wondered if it was a part of a theme or whether - was it just coincidental that it was "After Tonight" and it was the first song that you put out on this new CD.  Mr. DOWNING: Well, initially, you know, my plan was to kind of do sort of a Marvin Gaye-ish(ph) "What's Going On" theme, sort of, a record. And then when I had taken ill, you know, the record has, sort of, taken like another direction. But we had had about four songs done before I'd gone down.  COX: You know, you performed on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. And in parts of your song on that CD, you even sound like him. Was he an influence?  Mr. DOWNING: Oh, a huge influence. Luther, you know, was a major talent. Someone that when I was coming up, you know, affected, you know, the way I listened to music, the way I recorded music and the way I wrote. So probably one of the - to me, one of the greatest singers of all time.  COX: You know, crooning isn't what it used to be, is it? I mean, do you think audiences appreciate that style the way they once did?  Mr. DOWNING: I think that there's an audience for a little bit of everything out there. It's just unfortunate that we don't put more focus on that type of music and support artists that do that type of singing.  COX: Now, I understand, Will, that your wife - who is a background vocalist -Audrey Wheeler, composed the song "God is So Amazing" on this new CD. It ha

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Stories: 1) Reynolds Price: A Southern Writer, A Lyrical Gift 2) Remembering Wilfrid Sheed, A Master Of Wit 3) Corin Tucker: '1,000 Years' Of Emotional Longing 4) 'No Strings Attached': Corny, Contrived, Conservative


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Question: Selma Mayor: 'An Awesome Time For Our City'

NPR's Rachel Martin speaks with the mayor of Selma, Ala., George Patrick Evans, about the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday and how the small city is dealing with the international attention.

If it's Tuesday, somebody somewhere is voting. It's primary election day in the District of Columbia, Maryland and Wisconsin. Here are some of the other top stories we're watching this morning: Carnage In Oakland: 'People Started Running And He Started Shooting'. Primary Primer: Wisconsin, Maryland And DC. (ABC) U.S. Offers $10 Million For Pakistani Militant Chief. (AP) U.N. Peacekeeping Advance Team Due In Syria Within 2 Days. (Reuters) Myanmar President Praises Elections As 'Successful'. (AP) Supreme Court OKs Strip Searches For Minor Offenses. Kentucky Beats Kansas To Win NCAA Title. (CNN) In Women's Title Game, Baylor Goes For History. Battered Race Yacht With Injured Crew Limps Into California. (CNN) 1940 Census Searchers Overload U.S. Website. (Los Angeles Times) Too Much Happiness Can Make You Unhappy, Studies Show. (Washington Post)


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

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Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Sallying Forth: Bejun Mehta Takes On The 20th Century

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Gaga, move over — and you, too, Annie Lennox, Grace Jones and David Bowie. Make room for the countertenors, particularly Bejun Mehta, whose sweet voice holds a sweet and strange, gender-bending and -transcending beauty. This 43-year-old American singer made his first splash almost 30 years ago as a sublime boy soprano. However, when his voice changed, Mehta lost his way a bit artistically, and after a turn as what he's called "a thoroughly mediocre baritone," Mehta has made his way back to the stage in thrilling high-wire feats — the kind of dazzling material that composers like Handel excelled at producing for the star castratos of the 18th century, when boys who had fabulous voices had those sounds quite gruesomely and surgically preserved. Today, a handful of great countertenors sing this music in falsetto. On his previous (and first) solo recital album as a countertenor, Ombra Cara, Mehta took on the "typical" countertenor repertoire of Baroque pyrotechnics to a magnificent end. Nevertheless, Mehta — whose musical family includes his cousin, conductor  Zubin Mehta — yearned to do something else. So on his latest release, Down by the Salley Gardens with the pianist Julius Drake, he takes on some different sounds: 20th-century English songs by composers like Herbert Howells, Gerald Finzi, Charles Stanford and Lennox Berkeley, among many others. There is, however, a bridge between ancient and more modern music, courtesy of Benjamin Britten's settings of Henry Purcell. It's a beautiful recording full of tender and poignant songs that certainly weren't written for this highly specialized voice type. And, as exciting as it is to hear Mehta pull off those endless strings of fiercely powered showpieces, the countertenor does soft and wistful in equally beautiful fashion.  Just listen to Mehta's version of Vaughan Williams' "Silent Noon": As conductor René Jacobs pointed out in the DVD that accompanied Mehta's last album, the countertenor can sing high notes softly — an exceedingly difficult proposition, but one he delights in throughout this elegant and artful album.

Stories: 1) Bill Flanagan, Fondly Biting the TV-Network Hand 2) Devouring TV's Hits, Whole Seasons at a Time 3) Teddy Thompson, Talking Up 'Down Low'


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Question: Nutmeg Spice Has A Secret Story That Isn't So Nice

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Ah, nutmeg! Whether it's sprinkled on eggnog, baked into spice cake or blended into a latte, this pungent spice can evoke memories of holidays past. But a lot of blood has been shed over this little brown seed. "Nutmeg has been one of the saddest stories of history," says culinary historian Michael Krondl. If you listen to my story, you'll hear the gruesome, grisly tale of how the Dutch tortured and massacred the people of the nutmeg-producing Banda Islands in Indonesia in an attempt to monopolize the nutmeg trade. So, why was nutmeg so valuable? Well, Krondl likens it to the iPhone of the 1600s. It was fashionable among the wealthy. It was exotic and potent enough to induce hallucinations — or at least a nutmeg bender, as detailed in this account from The Atlantic. "Nutmeg really does have chemical constituents that make you feel good," explains culinary historian Kathleen Wall of the Plimoth Plantation. And traditionally, we turn to nutmeg (along with cloves and cinnamon) this time of year because these spices — as the settlers to the colonies believed — can help warm us up and even help us fight off head colds and stomachaches. And for foodies, nutmeg is an ideal spice for layering flavor. We visited Chef Kyle Bailey of Birch and Barley restaurant in Washington, D.C., who combined spinach and nutmeg to whip up a divine puree that marries the flavors beautifully: I must also mention a bit of nutmeg history that makes good dinner-party conversation: the question of whether the Dutch traded Manhattan (yes, New York) for nutmeg. In the 1600s, "the Dutch and the British were kind of shadowing each other all over the globe," explains Cornell historian Eric Tagliacozzo. They were competing for territory and control of the spice trade. In 1667, after years of battling, they sat down to hash out a treaty. "Both had something that the other wanted," explains Krondl. The British wanted to hold onto Manhattan, which they'd managed to gain control of a few years earlier. And the Dutch wanted the last nutmeg-producing island that the British controlled, as well as territory in South America that produced sugar. "So they [the Dutch] traded Manhattan, which wasn't so important in those days, to get nutmeg and sugar." And back then, the Dutch considered it a sweet deal! A version of this story was first published Nov. 26, 2012.

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Question: NCAA Tournament Contributes To Lost Productivity

Every year the outplacement firm Challenger, Gray and Christmas studies how much the NCAA men's basketball tournament could cost employers. The firm predicts about 3 million Americans will spend one to three hours at work watching games.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Reports: Police Pursued Manslaughter Charge In Trayvon Martin's Death. -- Gingrich Slashes Staff, Pins Hopes On GOP Delegates Turning To Him. -- JetBlue Freak Out: Passenger Had To Put Panicked Pilot 'In A Choke Hold'. -- It's Day 3 For Health Care Cases At The Supreme Court. -- Tibetan Exile Dies From Burns Suffered In Self-Immolation. Other stories making news: -- "Magic Johnson-led Group Is Picked As Dodgers' Next Owner." (Los Angeles Times) -- Colorado Wildfires "Claim Elderly Couple, Torch 4,500 Acres." (The Denver Post) -- "Mega Millions Rockets To Record $476 Million." (Philadelphia Inquirer) -- "Durable Goods Orders Rebound In January." (The Associated Press) -- Women's Final Four In Basketball Are All No. 1 Seeds. (The Associated Press)


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Question: Who's Bill This Time?

The best tester, tiger moms on patrol and the magical fruit.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: China's Bo Xilai Is Given Life Sentence For Bribery, Other Crimes

A Chinese court has sentenced Bo Xilai, the former Politburo member who was snared on graft charges, to life in prison. The sentence for offenses that include bribery, embezzlement, and abuse of power, completes a shocking fall for Bo, who had been a rising star in China's political system. "Bribes received directly by Bo or via his family totaled 20.44 million yuan (about 3.3 million U.S. dollars), the court decided," reports state news agency Xinhua. Some of the charges against Bo also accused him of obstructing an investigation into his wife's murder of a British businessman. NPR's Anthony Kuhn reports from Beijing:  "Judges at the court in the eastern city of Jinan rejected the vigorous defense Bo had put up at his trial last month. "In addition to the life sentence, all of Bo's assets will be confiscated and he will be deprived of his political rights for life. That means he won't be able to hold any political office or speak to the media. "Bo could have gotten the death penalty for his crimes, but China's judiciary is trying to use that penalty more sparingly. Bo did not indicate in court whether he would appeal the verdict. He has 10 days to do so."  In a profile for today's Weekend Edition Sunday, Anthony takes a look at the stories that have played out in Bo's trial — including a possible future bid for a return to politics. Bo's trial began last month, with the charismatic and unpredictable former politician denying the charges and calling testimony from his wife "laughable." The stiff penalty that was announced Sunday also comes after Bo refused to give his full cooperation to prosecutors. "He was punished for his disobedience and defiance," Willy Lam, an expert on Communist Party politics at Chinese University in Hong Kong, tells the AP.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lawmakers Seek Federal 'Oversight' Of Workers' Comp As States Limit Benefits. -- Syria's Assad Visits Moscow To Discuss Military Plans With Putin. -- U.S. Fighter Jet Reportedly Crashes Near Air Base In England. And here are more early headlines: Obama To Visit West Virginia, Discuss Plan To Fight Drug Abuse. (Time) Amnesty International Fears For Rohingya Muslims Missing At Sea. (VOA) Slovenia Asks For E.U. Help To Deal With Thousands Of Migrants. (AFP) Mexico To Restart Investigation Into Fate Of 43 Missing Students. (BBC) Tropical Storm Patricia Forms Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (NHC) Top U.S. Navy Officials Visit China's Aircraft Carrier To Smooth Ties. (Reuters) Singapore Church Leaders Convicted In Pop Music Fraud Scheme. (Sydney Morning Herald) Why Vultures Can Eat Rotting Carcasses And Not Get Sick. (Phys.org)


Question: 40th Anniversary of Instant Replay

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NPR's Mike Pesca marks the 40th anniversary of the instant replay with a chat with its inventor, former CBS sports director Tony Verna. Pesca muses on what an instant replay would sound like on radio.

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Options for Crips Founder on Death Row Dwindle

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Stanley "Tookie" Williams, co-founder of the Crips gang, says he is prepared to die if California proceeds with plans to execute him on Dec. 13. Wednesday night, Williams phoned from San Quentin Prison to thank supporters for urging California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger to stop the execution. Since his murder conviction, Williams has renounced his gangster lifestyle, written children's books, and been nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize -- which supporters cite in their arguments for clemency.      ROBERT SIEGEL, host:       From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.  I'm Robert Siegel.       MELISSA BLOCK, host:       And I'm Melissa Block.       In California, time is running out for convicted murderer and former gang      leader Stanley "Tookie" Williams.  The co-founder of the notorious Crips      gang is scheduled to die by lethal injection on December 13th.      Yesterday, Williams suffered a crucial setback when the California      Supreme Court refused to block his execution.  Now his fate is in the      hands of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.  As NPR's Mandalit del Barco      reports, Williams is reaching out to his supporters from death row.       MANDALIT DEL BARCO reporting:       Stanley "Tookie" Williams was a legend on the streets of LA even before      he became the most high-profile inmate on California's death row.      Williams co-founded the notorious Crips street gang, then turned      anti-gang crusader and was nominated for multiple Nobel Prizes.  Now the      call for clemency has attracted an eclectic group of ex-gangbangers,      death penalty opponents, the NAACP and several Hollywood celebrities,      namely rapper Snoop Dogg, once a Crip himself...       SNOOP DOGG:  What it do?       (Soundbite of laughter)       DEL BARCO:  ...and actor Jamie Foxx, who portrayed Williams in the TV      movie "Redemption."       Mr. JAMIE FOXX:  December 13th is my birthday.       (Soundbite of audience reaction)       Mr. FOXX:  So I'm not going to let it happen.       Unidentified Woman #1:  All right!       Unidentified Man:  That's right.       (Soundbite of applause)       DEL BARCO:  Last night Foxx, and Snoop Dogg headlined a Tookie read-in      event in Los Angeles.  Two hundred children from after-school programs      listened as the celebrities read from Williams' books.  The message to      the kids?  Steer clear of gangs, guns and drugs.  And as he urged the      governor to spare Williams' life, Snoop Dogg repeated what others said      about Tookie being a redeemed man.       SNOOP DOGG:  You know, he's in a bad situation, you know, being locked      down or whatnot.  But like I say, there's so many people on the streets      right now that are free that don't write books, that don't care about      y'all, that don't give you kids nothing to look forward to, that don't      try to give y'all nothing. And when you have somebody that's in that      powerful position to do that, you have to commend that.  And his voice      needs to be heard, not executed.       (Soundbite of cheering and applause)       DEL BARCO:  During the event, Tookie made a surprise call from death row.      Jamie Foxx held up the cell phone so the crowd could hear.       Mr. FOXX:  Stan, it's Jamie.       Mr. STANLEY "TOOKIE" WILLIAMS:  Hello.  How are you, my brother?       Mr. FOXX:  I'm doing good, my brother.       Mr. WILLIAMS:  Hey, I'm very appreciative for all of you being there      today.  I believe that regardless of whatever happens to me, whether I'm      alive or executed, that all of you will remember me.  And this isn't a      goodbye 'cause the fact of the matter is I'm preparing for life, not      death.       Unidentified Woman #2:  That's right.       (Soundbite of applause)       DEL BARCO:  Williams was convicted of murdering four people during two      separate robberies in 1979, but he's maintained he's innocent and refuses      to apologize for crimes he says he did not commit.  Yesterday, Williams'      lawyers failed to persuade the California Supreme Court to re-examine the      forensic evidence and testimony that led to his convictions.  But state      attorney general spokesman Nathan Barankin says Williams is not yet out      of legal options.       Mr. NATHAN BARANKIN (State Attorney General Spokesman):  This was merely      the first effort at trying to get a court interested in reversing what      has been 25 years of consistently negative rulings for Mr. Williams.  We      expect to see more.       DEL BARCO:  But as the execution date nears, Williams' life rests in the      hands of a man who, like him, was also once a bodybuilder at LA's Muscle      Beach, Arnold Schwarzenegger.  The governor has agreed to a closed-door      clemency meeting next week with Williams' lawyers and the victims'      families.  During a recent trip to China, reporters asked him what he      might decide.       Governor ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER (Republican, California):  You know, it's      neve

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Lethal Injection On Trial. Greenhouse Gas Bill To Be Signed as Legal Fights Continue. End Music.


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Question: Sen. Corker: 'Congress Needs Ownership' Over Covert Activities

Sen. Bob Corker of Tennessee, lead Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, is pushing for a rewrite of the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF). It is the AUMF that was used by the George W. Bush administration to justify torture and warrantless wiretapping and it has been used by the Obama administration to defend drone strikes in Yemen, Pakistan and elsewhere. Senator Corker tells Audie Cornish about his objections to classifying certain covert operations.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Putin Sees U.S. And Russia Working Together To Fight ISIS. -- Reports: FBI Arrests Turing Pharmaceuticals CEO Shkreli On Fraud Charges. -- LISTEN: Voices Of Baltimore Protesters In The Wake Of a Mistrial. -- Cheap Trick, Deep Purple, N.W.A. Picked For 2016 Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame Class. And here are more early headlines: House Lawmakers To Vote Friday On Huge Spending Bill. (The Hill) Defense Secretary Carter Used Personal Email For Some Government Work. (CBS) Switzerland Freezes Money Linked To Soccer Organization, FIFA. (Reuters) Greece Warns It May End Up Holding Thousands Of Migrants. (Financial Times) Confusion Over Whether Libya's Rival Governments Will Sign Treaty. (Guardian) Justice Department Opens Chicago Police Probe, To Meet Mayor. (USA Today)


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

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Question: Letters from Listeners

Melissa Block and Robert Siegel read a selection of listener comments about recent programs.  Included are opinions regarding a discussion of anti-Semitism in Europe, a report on academic studies of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and responses to an interview with an author of Good Morning Midnight, which examines the life of a mountaineer who committed suicide.

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'The program discusses recent findings of a Kaiser study on maternity cost variance between traditional and consumer-driven health insurance plans. The show also examines the role of economic pressures and societal trends in maternity care.']" == "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR.', 'Maternity Care Costs']"

Wedding Announcements from Kasper Hauser's upcoming book Weddings of the Times.


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

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Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

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Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


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Question: 'We Haz Kittens!' And 4 Other Tweets From #BrusselsLockdown

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As authorities conducted antiterrorism raids across Belgium, they asked residents not to tweet any information about their movements. As we've reported, this is a serious situation in Belgium: Brussels has been essentially shut down and police have detained 21 people. Still, the Internet being the Internet, residents of Brussels — and the world — responded to the plea with pictures of cats. Here are five tweets we found amusing from the #BrusselsLockdown hashtag: The country's federal police also responded with humor. They tweeted a picture of some cat chow with this message: "For the cats who helped us last night, help yourselves!"

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Stories: 1) Making Fun Of Everyone On 'South Park' 2) 'Sex And The City 2': Sheiks, Shrieks And Eeks


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Question: Malala Is British Vogue's July Cover Star

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Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai unveiled the July cover of British Vogue via Twitter on Tuesday, saying she hopes "that every girl who sees this cover will know that she can change the world." In an interview with British Vogue contributor Sirin Kale, the 23-year-old Nobel Prize laureate talks about being a Gen Z icon and human rights activist, and life at Oxford University before graduating last year. "I was excited about literally anything," she said. "Going to McDonald's or playing poker with my friends or going to a talk or an event. I was enjoying each and every moment because I had not seen that much before." The 23-year-old also opens up about wearing a headscarf on cover of a fashion magazine: "It's a cultural symbol for us Pashtuns, so it represents where I come from. And Muslim girls or Pashtun girls or Pakistani girls, when we follow our traditional dress, we're considered to be oppressed, or voiceless, or living under patriarchy. I want to tell everyone that you can have your own voice within your culture, and you can have equality in your culture." Yousafzai was only 15 in 2012 when she was shot by the Taliban in Pakistan for campaigning for the education of girls. After the assassination attempt, She relocated with her family to England. Malala and her father established the Malala Fund in 2013, an organization dedicated to giving girls access to education. "I care a lot about my work and I worry about how long it would take to reach the goals we have set," she said. "People say, 'Malala, don't worry, it's not your responsibility, leaders should worry!' But if I have the capacity to do something to keep raising awareness, then I should."

Oct. 11 is the "International Day of the Girl" – proclaimed by the U.N. as a time to look at the challenges girls face and to promote their "empowerment" and human rights. What kind of year has it been for girls? We looked at the stories we've done over the past year, and the headlines alone captured both the tragedies and the triumphs. In many ways a horrible year for girls. But even at the bleakest moments, there are stories of hope and triumph. Here is a sampling of our stories about the world's girls: Grim news The Lament Of The Boko Haram 'Brides' 15-Year-Old Girl Found Dead In A Menstrual Hut In Nepal Outcry Over Photo Showing The Face Of A Girl Allegedly Being Raped Deep dive Video: A Heartbreaking Look At A Couple Forced To Marry As Young Teens Female Genital Mutilation: What It Does To A Woman The Billion Dollar Cost Of Child Marriage Signs of hope Day Camp With Anti-FGM Activities On The Program What A Teen Mom Wishes She'd Known Before She Got Pregnant Afghan Women Say No To The Dress Gang Rape Of Two Teens Leads To An Unusual Step – A Trial Law In Nepal Sets Penalties For Forcing A Woman Into A Menstrual Shed Inspiring figures A Promise To Her Newborn Daughter: No More FGM Former Child Bride Pedaling Her Way To A Brighter Future They Never Told Her That Girls Could Become Scientists Unexpected Heroines Of An Indian Box Office Hit: Female Wrestlers


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E.g. ['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', "The Hijacker's Letter"] == ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details!', "What do you do when you receive a letter from your husband's killer?"] != ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Stories: 1) Venturing Inside Bellevue's Psychiatric ER 2) Capitalism's Paradoxes, Writ Personal On Film"]

Question: A 'Brexit' Could Threaten The English Language

NPR's Scott Simon wonders what will happen to English as a lingua franca if Britain leaves the European Union.

Stories: 1) Could Wall Street Woes Set Off A Global Crisis? 2) After 37 Years, Zwerling Closer To 'Pop Heaven'


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Good News On Student Loans ... For Some

A new White House report on student loan debt reveals that how people repay student loans has changed dramatically in a short time. The report comes as the Democratic Party moves this week to nominate Hillary Clinton, who has called for a path to debt-free public college, interest rate cuts, help for delinquent borrowers and a three-month moratorium on all student loan payments. Such campaign promises are a nod to big-picture debt trends that have loomed ever larger over the middle class for a while now. The overall outstanding student loan balance is $1.3 trillion and growing — as are average individual balances, as is tuition. The average return to a higher education has also never been higher, even when loans are taken into account. What's new is how those loans are getting paid back. According to the new report, the share of borrowers enrolled in affordable payment plans has quadrupled in just four years, to 20 percent in 2016. Still, several experts we talked with have suggestions for tweaking the program to better serve the goal of expanding access to college to those who need it most, even as costs rise. First a little background. It used to be that student loan repayment functioned more or less like a mortgage. The standard repayment term was 10 years; extended plans went up to 25 years. Falling more than 90 days behind on a payment meant "delinquency," and nine months usually meant "default." Default triggered interest rate jumps and penalties. And — unlike mortgages — permanent relief through bankruptcy was usually not an option. The Obama administration has taken repeated steps to allow more people to make loan payments affordable. Today, anybody with a federally subsidized direct loan has the right to cap their monthly payments at 10 percent of discretionary income. ("Discretionary" is calculated as your full income minus 150 percent of the poverty level for your household size.) In addition, people who work for the government or for nonprofits may be eligible for "Public Service Loan Forgiveness," which not only limits monthly payments but forgives the outstanding balance after 10 years. There are some indications in the report that income-driven repayment is specifically helping grads who would otherwise be having trouble repaying their loans. For example, more than 40 percent of borrowers who enrolled in income-driven repayment in one year had previously either defaulted or postponed some payments. So is this a good-news story? More access to more affordable payments sounds good, right? Well, like everything in the world of higher ed, it's complicated. "The good news is that people are taking up income-based repayment," says Robert Kelchen, who researches higher education finance at Seton Hall University. "But the challenge is getting to the students with fairly little debt and no degree to show for it." Kelchen is referring to a lesser-known fact about student loans. You might call it the high-low paradox. Those with low balances, less than $10,000, account for two-thirds of all defaulters. These typically belong to students who attend only a few semesters of college and never graduate. They are more likely to be unemployed and low-income. On the other hand, students with high balances, close to or over six figures, are far more likely to be enrolled in, and to have earned degrees from, graduate programs that typically provide substantial returns on investment over a lifetime. Lawyers. Doctors. MBAs. For "low-balance" students, access to affordable payments at the right time can save them from a long-running financial nightmare. For "high-balance" students, it's little more than a convenience. For taxpayers, meanwhile, it's a lot more expensive to help each high-balance student than it is to bail out a low-balance student. And yet the numbers in this new report indicate that income-based repayment as currently implemented is a bit upside down. That is, it's the highs, not the lows, who are more likely to take advantage of income-driven plans. Sixty-four percent of those in income-based repayment have their college diploma, compared with 48 percent of borrowers in the standard plan. One in three have graduate student loans; just one in 10 of standard borrowers do. Meanwhile, the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau said last week that 70 percent of borrowers who are in default on a federal student loan actually are eligible for lower monthly payments. So the question in the minds of researchers like Kelchen is whether income-based payment is best targeted, or even designed, to help the students who need it most. "My biggest concern with income-based repayment is that grad and professional students seem more likely to know about it," he says. And the danger there is, "so much of the subsidy will go to these grad students that the program will end up collapsing under its own weight." Lauren Asher at The Institute for College Access and Success, a nonprofit that focuses on college affordability, i

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: William Eddins Conducts

William Eddins conducts the Civic Orchestra of Chicago in a concert performance of the Divertimento for Orchestra by Leonard Bernstein. Recorded earlier this season in Chicago's Orchestra Hall. (Orchestra Hall Audio)

Stories: 1) From 'The Eye of the Storm,' a Bishop's Calm Voice 2) Reissued Hits from Costello, Beck and Skynyrd


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...House Keeper Wanted; Bidin' His Time; Stacked Up On The Runway.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: What Was 'A Blog Supreme'?

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A Blog Supreme was a jazz thing published by NPR Music from May 2009 through September 2016. It presented news, features, aggregated content, historical primers, opinion and analysis, recommendations and other types of music journalism. It was twice named the Jazz Journalists Association Blog of the Year. It was founded and edited by Patrick Jarenwattananon, who was also its chief writer and a producer for NPR Music's Jazz Night In America. He had the insight that an entity such as NPR should develop a jazz blog, seeing as how blogging was a popular vehicle for music journalism, and that public media has historically supported jazz robustly. He wanted to hire a more experienced journalist to run it but was told that wasn't likely, and to pilot something himself. He was 23 years old at the time. He was about as naïve as you would assume a human of that age would be, though he grew a lot in the role, in part through writing regrettable things for public consumption in the absence of established guidelines. He was given no dearth of opportunities to read about, listen to and speak with jazz musicians; he still wishes he had seized and realized more of these opportunities. He was driven by the desire to bring an underserved field of art he loves to wider attention through the Internet, a medium he grew up with but one which many of jazz's practitioners and existing storytellers didn't. A Blog Supreme ceased publication when the position of jazz producer at NPR Music was eliminated. Friday was his last day.  A Blog Supreme initially aimed to publish daily. It took contributions from other NPR and member station staff, though its tone was often filtered through one man's editorial perspective. Its early efforts reflect the types of media coming into being at the time, and the first-person narrative strategies enabled by the Internet. Its early experimental multitudes, successful or not, are important to its story. Over time, as the media landscape and NPR's digital strategy changed, A Blog Supreme published less regularly and more selectively, becoming a general repository for original stories. Coincident with this was the emergence of Jazz Night In America, a new radio and web video program. The blog published a lot of different types of stuff. It got nerdy and/or deep about listening. It posted questions to the audience and invited comments back when you could do that meaningfully on the Internet. It ran a recurring instant messenger conversation between the editor and his boss about great historical recordings and a self-explanatory series called "Meet The Jazz Audience." It hosted chats between its editor and WBGO's Josh Jackson, a New Orleans native, about the music on the HBO show Treme; for their efforts, they were invited to record secondary audio commentary for the DVD box sets of the first two seasons. (They also went to the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival in 2011.) It got away with a gonzo travelogue about going to North Carolina to see a Wayne Shorter concert. It aggregated a whole lot of stuff and responded to it. It listened to rap with Robert Glasper, but also asked Glasper's high school band director about what he was like as a teenager. It ran more straightforward interviews with Chick Corea and Bunky Green. It asked other young Internet people to introduce other people to modern jazz in an attempt to seed a canon of the '00s or thereabouts. It ran a recurring feature called Take Five, a five-song primer on different facets of the music — an artist, a style, an instrument or another category. It welcomed contributions from jazz member stations like WBGO, WDUQ, KPLU (now KNKX), KMHD and WFIU. It wrote up news: calling musicians when they won grants, major competitions or prizes. It also remembered them when they died. It featured work from NPR colleagues Felix Contreras, Lars Gotrich, Walter Ray Watson and more. It even flirted with hot takes on things like white privilege in black music and why rap music is important to the modern jazz listener. Its editor stands by these pieces but feels kind of dirty about having been baited into polemics, given his unease with becoming a public opinion-haver. It also published lighter fare of various sorts — the occasional dumb listicle, or Bitches-Brew-branded beer tasting session, or photos of food. It could be "as serious as your life," as writer Val Wilmer once titled a book; it couldn't be that all the time.  Many other writers contributed in many other ways. For example, A Blog Supreme and NPR Music hosted the comprehensive, annual, year-end poll of jazz journalists conducted by Francis Davis in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Occasionally, musicians commented on things they learned from others. Branford Marsalis and Joey Calderazzo picked jazz duo recordings. Steve Wilson wrote about the alto sax. Claire Daly wrote about The Fringe. Harris Eisenstadt wrote about studying percussion in Cuba. Ben Goldberg wrote on fellow clarinetists. Rez Abbasi wrote on Jim

Stories: 1) 'Just One More Thing' About Falk, TV's 'Columbo' 2) What Happens When Charter Schools Fail?


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Question: Camille Thurman Finds Her Voice On A Journey To Jazz At Lincoln Center

As both a saxophonist and vocalist, Camille Thurman is a rare jazz double threat. She says "the horn is a voice, and the voice is a horn," and this consideration of the interconnectivity of her instruments informs her work as a performer, composer and educator. On this segment of Jazz Night In America, we hear music from Thurman's band at Dizzy's Club, and parts of a performance with the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra in which she is the first woman to play a full season in 30 years. We also explore the jazz history of her neighborhood in Queens, where Thurman grew up minutes from the former homes of jazz royalty like Count Basie, Fats Waller and Ella Fitzgerald. Musicians:  Camille Thurman: vocals and tenor saxophone; Darrell Green: drums; Keith Brown: piano; Devin Starks: bass. The Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra: Wynton Marsalis: Artistic Director and trumpet; Chris Crenshaw: trombone; Vincent Gardner: trombone; Victor Goines: saxophone; Carlos Henriquez: bass; Sherman Irby: saxophone; Elliot Mason: trombone; Ted Nash: saxophone; Paul Nedzela: baritone saxophone; Dan Nimmer: piano; Marcus Printup: trumpet; Kenny Rampton: trumpet; Camille Thurman: tenor saxophone.  Credits:  Producer: Sarah Kerson; Senior Producer: Katie Simon; Host: Christian McBride; Project Manager: Suraya Mohamed; Music Engineers: Rob Macomber and James P. Nichols; Senior Director of NPR Music: Lauren Onkey; Executive Producers: Anya Grundmann and Gabrielle Armand.

Stories: 1) Carol Leifer On Life, Comedy And Finding Love At 40 2) Jimmie Dale Gilmore: In Song, A Eulogy For Dad 3) Wayne And Darrell Scott: Father-Son Country 4) Branford Marsalis: On Jazz Fathers And Sons


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"['Represent text', 'Rahm Emanuel, an Illinois congressman and chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, explains his plan for the future of the Democratic Party and the broader American political system. Emanuel is a former senior advisor to Bill Clinton and co-author of "The Plan: Big Ideas for America." [pre-recorded]']" == "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Democratic Strategist and Congressman Rahm Emanuel']"

In one section of Rockport, Mass., mail delivery has stopped. About 10 turkey have been terrorizing the mailman for the last several months, chasing down the mail truck. The big birds won't leave because residents have been feeding them. Perhaps the mailman should arm himself with a November calendar — with one date in particular circled in red.

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Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)


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Question: Snopes: Saggy Pants Not Gay

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Interview: Dooney Da' Priest explains that in jail, showing your boxers is a way of signaling sexual availability to other men. If the city of Dallas is hoping kids will quit with the saggy pants because the fashion makes them look gay, then maybe it's time for a new strategy. Dooney Da Priest, whose "Pull Your Pants Up" is the signature song of the Dallas public service announcement, says people who favor saggin' should know where the hip-hop style comes from -- jail, he explains, in the clip above. Snopes.com, the Internet's favorite debunker of urban myths, says that's a lot of hooey. Bonus:Song Links Saggy Pants to Being GayDallas Saggy Pants Song Homophobic?In Dallas, a Hip-Hop Plea: Pull Your Pants Up

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Finding Faulkner, Forging a Different Path

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Commentator Richard Howorth is the mayor of Oxford, Miss., and the owner of a well-known bookstore there. He says that many writers have come to Oxford in search of William Faulkner's legacy. And like them, the town has had to find its own identity apart from the celebrated author.

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Remodeling The House; A Story That Fell From The Sky; and A Pint-Sized Literary Giant Emerges.


Question: Senate Race in Louisiana Goes Down to Wire

Louisiana voters go to the polls to pick the state's next U.S. senator. Incumbent Sen. Mary Landrieu, a Democrat, faces a stiff challenge from Suzanne Terrell, who could become the first Republican elected to the Senate from Louisiana. Jim Engster reports.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


Question: represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr For instance you may be given '['represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth.', 'Racial Identification']' and it should match with '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'When the media tells you police are looking for a six-foot, heavy-set Latino, what are they telling you? Kevin McCormack looks at racial stereotyping.']' but not with '['Represent this text', 'Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.']'.

Question: N.M. Sees Fall In Alcohol-Related Driving Deaths

New Mexico once led the nation in terms of car fatalities related to alcohol. Today it ranks 17th — it would seem due to aggressive policies aimed at reducing drinking and driving. Although many are applauding the state's get-tough approach, some believe the dramatic shift in the state's ranking has more to do with the change in the way federal authorities count the deaths.

Good morning - while we wait for the Supreme Court's health care decision, we're following these stories: 'Hell In The Rearview Mirror' As Coloradoans Flee Wildfires. News Corp. Confirms Split; Rupert Murdoch Will Chair Both Companies. Record-Breaking Heat Moves From Midwest To Mid-Atlantic And Southeast. (National Weather Service) European Union Fiscal Summit Opens, Hopes Dim For Bold Steps. (Reuters) Bosnian Serb Leader Karadzic Acquitted Of One Genocide Count; Still Faces 10 More War Crimes Charges. (AP) Barclays Bank Pays $452 Million In Fines To Settle Interest Rate Manipulation Case. (MarketWatch) Blasts Strike Syrian Capital, Turkey Stations Troops Along Syrian Border. (CNN) Cargo Search Continues For Possible Stowaways At New Jersey Port. (Star-Ledger) Texas Man Sentenced To 40 Years In Houston Stand-Your-Ground Murder Case. (KPRC) German Court Outlaws Circumcision Of Boys As 'Bodily Harm'. (Deutche Welle)


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Question: Anti-Aristide Rebellion Spreads Across Haiti

represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr To give you a sense - "['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth:', 'The program closes the week by highlighting conversations on its blog. Listeners talk about environmentalism in minority communities, immigration, and a producer\'s blog entry on whether Sen. Barack Obama is "black enough."']" should be close to "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "BackTalk: 'Tell Me More' Blog Conversations"]"

NPR's Tavis Smiley gets an update on the ongoing crisis in Haiti with Gary Pierre Pierre, editor of the Haitian Times of New York.  We also look at how the crisis is sparking political debate in the U.S.  Guests include Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA), a member of the House International Relations Committee and co-chair of the Haiti Task Force, and Timothy Carney, former U.S. ambassador to Haiti (1998-1999). Carney is currently an advisory board member of the Haiti Democracy Project in Washington, D.C.

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: U.S. Raid Frees American, Dane Held In Somalia

U.S. military forces flew into  Somalia on a nighttime helicopter  raid and freed two Western hostages, an American and a Dane. President Obama had  personally authorized the mission to retrieve the aid workers.

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Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: As Fighting Rages In Damascus, Survival Of Assad's Regime Is In Doubt. Video May Show Suicide Bomber Who Attacked Bus In Bulgaria. Former Egyptian Vice President And Intelligence Chief Omar Suleiman Dies In U.S. (Reuters) Ramadan Starts At Sundown, Muslims Begin Their Holiest Month Of The Year. (BeliefNet) Widening U.S. Drought Means Some Higher Food Prices. (USA Today) Zimmerman Sorry For Trayvon Martin's Death, Terms It 'God's Plan'. (Miami Herald) New Inquiry Into Plane Crash That Killed UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold In 1961. (Guardian) Russian Muslim Leader Shot And Killed, Had Criticized Islamist Violence. (BBC) 3 European Hostages Freed In Mali After 10 Months, Fly To Burkina Faso. (AP) Television's 64th Emmy Award Nominations Out Today. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Gun Control Activists March Across The Brooklyn Bridge Demanding Action

Hundreds of activists marched across the Brooklyn Bridge on Saturday, demanding reforms to the country's gun policies. The march was organized by two groups — Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America and Everytown for Gun Safety — after a series of news-making mass shootings. In a press release, Moms Demand Action says they want "common-sense" reform that includes closing loopholes that allow some gun buyers to skirt background checks. The AP reports:  "About 1,000 activists gathered in downtown Brooklyn and are marching across the bridge to City Hall. "They will then hold a demonstration outside the building's gates and chant 'Not one more.' "That's the rallying cry uttered by Richard Martinez, whose son Christopher was shot to death in Santa Barbara, California, last month."  Among the protesters is Erica Lafferty, whose mother was gunned down during a rampage at Sandy Hook Elementary School. The two groups at the center of the protests are partially funded by former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who has become a prominent supporter of more stringent gun control.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Giuliani Says Trump 'Did Know' About Stormy Daniels Payment. -- Trump Hints At Likely Release Of 3 Americans Held In North Korea. -- Freak Storm Sweeps Through Northern India, Killing Dozens. -- Men Arrested In Philadelphia Starbucks Reach Settlements. -- Yale Pulls Honorary Degree From Bill Cosby, The First Time In The School's History. And here are more early headlines: Trump Welcomes Shooting Survivors On National Day Of Prayer. (Express-News) Students Walk Out Of Class To Support Gun Rights. (Los Angeles Times) Gunmen Slay Churchgoers In Central African Republic. (New York Times) Hawaii Watches For A Possible Volcanic Eruption. (KGMB) It's World Press Freedom Day. (Reporters Without Borders)


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Question: Who's Carl This Time

The Everyone's a Winner Primary; arms for a country where women can't show their legs; in Texas they swear it flew by and it was as big as a Wal-Mart.

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In this edition of This, That, or the Other, contestants must decide: is it a Danielle Steel novel, a Talking Heads song, or a Wrestlemania tagline? Heard on Javier Muñoz & David Harbour: The World Turned Upside Down


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. In a continuing series devoted to the music of Franz Schubert during his becentenary year, Ted recommends recordings of the two Schubert Piano Trios.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Do Jazz Musicians Really Earn $23,300 Per Year?

Last year, we reported on the Future of Music Coalition's initiative to determine how musicians make money — especially jazz musicians. While not all of the data has been released, the FMC presented a few interesting early findings in a recent blog post. The number in the headline, $23,300, is the mean yearly music-related income for a jazz musician not affiliated with the American Federation of Musicians union, according to the FMC. By "music-related," the FMC included teaching, along with things like performing live and recording. The number goes up to $37,200 for AFM members. Among non-jazz musicians, the mean income is lower for non-AFM-affiliated ($20,400) and higher for AFM-affiliated ($48,650). Those numbers come from more than 800 respondents. (Slightly more said they were AFM-affiliated.) The FMC's methodology was to ask musicians for how much money they made in their previous year, and what percentage of it came from music, and cross-reference. So this isn't the most precise; the survey was also voluntary, of course. So this isn't yet a complete portrait, of course. But it does give an interesting cross-section. Read More >> The FMC also created a little Google map mashup displaying the sources of all the jazz-musician responses. You can see that the New York City region is responsible for the biggest chunk, but responses came in from 45 states plus Washington, D.C. California (north and south), the Chicagoland area, New England and the mid-Atlantic states also represent well. One more interesting tidbit. The FMC asked jazz musicians how their sources of music incomes changed over the last five years — about specific categories like recording royalties, live performance fees, merchandise, composition and salaried employment. Curiously, the only category where both non-AFM and AFM musicians both reported distinct increases was in teaching. Also worth perusing are some of the FMC's other blog posts related to their Artist Revenue Streams survey. A "survey snapshot" gives some data for the entire project's 5,371 respondents. And the correlation of attending music school and income — much bandied-about in this age of jazz history — is also examined.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Arizona Leaders Look at Sustainability

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Environmentalists aren't the only ones talking about sustainability anymore.  KJZZ's Mark Brodie speaks with two of the authors of a new report on the subject, and how it relates to Arizona.


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

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Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: News Brief: Supreme Court, Pompeo Trip, Missing Saudi Journalist

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The confirmation fight is over, Brett Kavanaugh is the newest associate justice. U.S. Secretary of State Pompeo wrapped up his 4th visit to North Korea. And, a Saudi journalist is missing in Turkey.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Some 'Caravan Migrants' Allowed To Apply For U.S. Asylum. -- Cardinal George Pell To Face Sexual Assault Charges In Australia. -- In Japan, Old Robot Dogs Get A Buddhist Send Off. And here are more early headlines: Report: Mueller's Questions For President Trump. (New York Times) Pompeo Says Israeli Documents On Iran Nuclear Program Are Authentic. (BBC) Central, Southern Plains Face Chance Of Severe Weather. (AccuWeather) U.S. Servicemember Killed In Afghanistan, Another Wounded. (NATO) South Korean Leader Asks U.N. to Verify North Korean Promises. (Yonhap) South American Pirates Attack Suriname Fishermen. (AP) Scientists Map The Genome Of A Rose. (New York Times) Taekwondo Master, Jhoon Rhee, Dies. (WJLA)


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Question: Here and Now for Tuesday, February 13, 2007

Congress begins debate on a non-binding resolution that would support the troops in Iraq but oppose sending more. We speak with Gail Chaddock of The Christian Science Monitor.

Virgin Galactic, the space era spin-off of Virgin Atlantic, plans to send tourists on sub-orbital flights within the next three years.

Iran's influence in the Middle East has grown in recent years. Is this due to Iran or the war in Iraq? Guest: Anthony Shadid, The Washington Post.

Mitt Romney goes to Michigan to announce he'll run for president. We look at Mitt Romney's Michigan ties with Nolan Finley of the Detroit News.

We look back on the short and remarkable life of Hanley Denning, who helped raise money to educate the children whose families made their livings picking through the trash.

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

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Examples:

"['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Tropical Storm Frances makes its second landfall in Florida, churning into the state's panhandle  with an expected 10 inches of rain and 65 miles-an-hour wind.  Over the weekend, the storm plowed into Florida's Atlantic coast as a category two hurricane. More than 6 million people lost electricity as powerful winds and rain knocked down trees and damaged homes and boats.  NPR's Ari Shapiro reports."]" == "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Tropical Storm Frances Strikes Again']"

They can wiretap my phone and snoop through my e-mail all they want, but I will never reveal the answer to this week's ScuttleButton puzzle. At least until next week. ScuttleButton, of course, is that once-a-week waste of time exercise in which each Tuesday or Wednesday I put up a vertical display of buttons on this site. Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) For years, a correct answer chosen at random would get his or her name posted in this column, an incredible honor in itself. Now the stakes are even higher. Thanks to the efforts of the folks at Talk of the Nation, that person also hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain. Is this a great country or what? You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state — you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. (Why do people keep forgetting to include their name and city/state?) And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be among the first on your block to receive notice about the column and the puzzle. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck! By the way, I always announce the winner on Wednesday's Junkie segment on TOTN — seven or eight days after the puzzle first goes up. So you should try and get your answer in as soon as possible. But logistically, you have about a week to submit your guess. Here are the buttons used and the answer to last week's puzzle: Appeal for Neal (caricature of Mr. Conan) Keep TOTN — Alas, it's not going to happen. But it's a great button! Senator D Huddleston — Can't remember if I've ever used this in a ScuttleButton puzzle before, but Walter "Dee" Huddleston was a two-term Democrat from Kentucky who lost his 1984 re-election bid to Mitch McConnell. Barb/Muskie Delegate — 1972 Democratic delegate button pledged to presidential hopeful Ed Muskie. David Duke/U.S. Senate — The former white supremacist ran for the Senate as a Republican from Louisiana. So, when you combine Conan + D + Barb + Aryan, you may just very well end up with ... Conan the Barbarian. The 1982 movie starring Arnold Schwarzenegger. The winner, chosen completely at random, is Steve Coughlan of Amherst, N.H.  Steve gets not only the coveted Political Junkie t-shirt — but the Official No Prize Button as well! And don't forget to check out this week's Political Junkie column, which focuses on some memorable races for mayor of Los Angeles. Click here to read the column.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


Question: Represent

Question: Immigration Law's Sponsor Expected Some Uproar

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Arizona State Representative John Kavanagh sponsored the anti-illegal immigration law that's reverberating around the country. Host Liane Hansen talks with Kavanagh about the reaction.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: A Different Kind Of Combat In The Eastern Congo

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The eastern Congo in Africa has been mired in conflict for decades. But in one corner of the city of Goma, men are trying to heal the scars of war by becoming a different type of fighter. Here, it's jabs and uppercuts that are flying instead of grenades and bullets. At 6 a.m., even the streets of Goma have a sense of peace about them. Music spills from the storefront churches, and the normally terrifying motorcycle taxis offer a discounted "first customer" fare. It's also the time when a group of young men known as the Friendship Club gathers in a concrete notch of an open-air soccer stadium to train. Lacking ropes or a ring, or in some cases sneakers, the men exchange jabs while their trainer and coach Kibomango looks on with a serene smile. "I feel at ease when I see them practicing," Kibomango says. "Considering what we passed through, when I see young people practicing like this, it pleases me a lot." The 35-year-old coach — born Balezi Bagunda, but everyone calls him by his fighting moniker — is blind in his left eye from a bomb blast. This has to be strange for his opponents, because he boxes southpaw. The eye you see when he comes at you is shriveled, sunken — an old man's eye, on a powerful body. "It doesn't matter having one eye," he says, "because I'm used to fighting since my youth." In fact, Kibomango's whole childhood was a series of battles: first, as a street boy fighting for food and turf; then as a child soldier in the rebel army that brought the now-rulers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to power. Today the young men he coaches are 19 or 20 years old but already veterans — snatched up by militia groups to fight at age 12 or 10. Kibomango teaches them boxing as well as auto mechanics with help from a local nongovernmental organization, the Kivu Assistance and Reintegration Centre. It was started by Congolese peace activists. One of his students is 19-year-old Kedrique Moke, who boxes under the name Tyson — as in Mike. Moke was just 10 years old when he was conscripted into the Union of Congolese Patriots, a rebel militia notorious for ethnic massacres, torture and rapes. He says he doesn't remember very much. "We were given a sort of water which was a spirit water," he says. "It changes your mind, and whatever thing you do you don't know it. If we killed we killed, but we were not under control of ourselves." It might seem odd that teaching former killers the art of fighting could help them become better citizens or deal with post-traumatic stress disorder. But Kibomango says boxing and fighting are as different as sports and war. Raw brutality doesn't win matches. You have to pay attention, stay in control — not the way he recalls himself as a child soldier, lost "in space." "When I say being in the space, I mean I wasn't really responsible for myself. I was ready to be sent. Go here, I go. Do this, I do. That's what I mean being in the space," he says. Three years ago, the one-eyed Kibomango became welterweight champion of his province. Apparently he beat his opponent so hard that the man died a few days later. This month, Kibomango and some of his trainees were going to nationals — that is, until November, when a rebel group called M23 took over the city of Goma. The governor fled and took with him the money that the boxers were to use to fly to the championship in Kinshasa. So now, each night on TV, Kibomango watches other boxers fight his bouts. And instead of dealing with sports agents, he's dealing with a different kind of local recruiter. The M23 rebels, though officially retreated from the city, still lurk around training sessions in civilian clothes. "They tell us it's good there [with the M23]," he says. "They tell us we can be mechanics, boxers, and that we're going to get salaries. "Military politics," Kibomango adds. Just then, a young boxer, Fabrice Djef, interrupts. "We are sons of Congo," he says. "We'd die before we fought for M23 against our country." But Kibomango says he has already lost two boxers to the M23. And he's not so quick to label his former trainees as traitors. "Yes, they were recruited. Even me — if it continues like this, because there's no other way of surviving without being a soldier — I can even go again to the army," he says. Even if that means giving up boxing and going back to the fighting life. DAVID GREENE, HOST:  This next story is about learning to fight to heal the scars of war. We're going to a part of the world that's known nothing but conflict for two decades, eastern Congo. NPR's Gregory Warner found a spot in the city of Goma, where what's flying aren't grenades and bullets, but jabs and uppercuts. (SOUNDBITE OF BIRDS) GREGORY WARNER, BYLINE: At six in the morning, even the streets of Goma have a sense of peace about them. Music spills from the store front churches and the normally terrifying motorcycle taxis give you a discounted first customer fare. (SOUNDBITE OF WHIRRING) WARNER: And 6 A.M. is the time that a group of young men,

Stories: 1) William Hurt: In Every Role, A New Life To Inhabit 2) From Israel, A Humane And Honest Look At Life


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Question: Puerto Rico Braces For Hurricane Irma To Make Landfall

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Hurricane Irma has torn off rooftops and knocked out all electricity on the islands of Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy. Now the storm is moving on to Puerto Rico, which the National Weather Service says could experience winds of up to 130 mph. Here & Now‘s Robin Young checks in with reporter Miguel Santiago (@Johstean) of Radio Universidad de Puerto Rico, a public radio station there.

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: Mary Chapin Carpenter in Concert

Mary Chapin Carpenter's music is often classified as country, for lack of a more accurate term. In reality, the multiple Grammy winner blends folk, rock and country, all intertwined with her own original melodies and lyrics. Carpenter performed a concert from WXPN and World Cafe Live in Philadelphia on Mar. 9. Carpenter signed a major-label deal while she was on the open-mic circuit, and she quickly became a commercial success with hit albums like Come On Come On. But her music has become less conventionally country-driven over time, and she's continued to explore themes of independence and anti-materialism in her songwriting. Carpenter's new disc, The Calling, touches on thorny political subject matter — and reunites her with John Jennings, with whom she worked with at the beginning of her career.

Unplugged Play, Chamber Music Cincinnati Season Preview, Follies at Cincinnati Music Theatre, John Ruthven Interview, Altar Boyz


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Question: Sports Without Audiences

Commentator Frank Deford says the Kentucky Derby and the Indianapolis 500 have  lost their shine. (3:05).

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Given ['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr!', 'The jury in the Oregon occupation trail returned a surprise verdict of not guilty on Thursday. The decision will have broader implications for Western land rights groups as well as federal employees.'], a positive would be ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Jury Delivers Surprise Acquittal In Oregon Wildlife Refuge Occupation Trial']

School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts