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Question: Torture Case Puts Spotlight on U.S. Extraditions

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Officials are investigating the case of a Canadian citizen, suspected of having a link al Qaida, who claims he was tortured after being extradited by the United States to his birth country of Syria. Canadian officials later determined the allegations of terrorist links against Maher Arar were false. Paul Cavaluzzo, lead counsel on the Canadian commission investigating the case, talks with Alex Chadwick. ALEX CHADWICK, host:  In Canada, a government commission has found that a Canadian citizen seized by U.S. authorities and sent to Syria was the victim of bad intelligence.  Maher Arar, a Syrian émigré living in Ottawa, was placed on a watch list by Canadian law enforcement after 9/11. A year later, he was arrested by U.S. officials at Kennedy airport in New York. They sent him to Syria where he was held for a year.  Mr. Arar says he was interrogated and tortured. The Syrians finally concluded he didn't know anything about terrorism. They released him and allowed him to return to Canada.  Paul Cavalluzzo is lead counsel for the Canadian commission that looked into this case. He joins us by phone from Ottawa.  Mr. Cavalluzzo, welcome to DAY TO DAY. What are the commission's principle findings?  Mr. PAUL CAVALLUZZO (Lead Counsel, Canadian commission): I think the principle findings relate to information sharing between Canadian agencies and foreign agencies - in particular, American agencies. And certainly, the key thing is that information sharing, obviously, is vital in respect of national security investigations.  However, it has to be done in accordance with certain safeguards, the first one being that the information should be accurate.  CHADWICK: How did Mr. Arar wind up on this watch list?  Mr. CAVALLUZZO: He was having a coffee with an acquaintance in a coffee shop in Ottawa, and the acquaintance was a suspect in a national security investigation by the RCNP in Canada. And after that situation, he became a person of interest, and information sharing took place between the Canadians and the Americans.  CHADWICK: So when you look at this exchange of information about these individuals and what went on, what do you conclude is the basic problem? Where did things kind of go awry?  Mr. CAVALLUZZO: What happened shortly after 9/11 was that the Canadian government passed new anti-terrorism legislation, and, in effect, brought the RCNP back into the national security business so that the investigators conducting this national security investigation may have been fine criminal investigators, but had little experience in national security investigations. And as a result of that, had really no appreciation as to the consequences of sharing inaccurate and sometimes inflammatory information with the Americans in the year 2002, when you were conducting such practices as extraordinary rendition.  CHADWICK: Mr. Arar is now living in British Columbia. His wife has found a teaching position at a university or a college there. This is in some way, now, in the past for him, but I wonder what you think his life as a Canadian citizen can be like from here out.  Mr. CAVALLUZZO: Since he has returned to Canada in October of 2003, he has not been able to find any employment whatever. Hopefully in the future, he can turn a new page and move on, but one wonders whether that will ever be the case. His name will be forever marked in Canadian history.  CHADWICK: When U.S. authorities arrested Mr. Arar four years ago, did the U.S. government call up Canada and say, hey, we've got one of your guys and we think he might be a terrorist? He was on your watch list, and we're going to hold him. We're going to do something with him.  Mr. CAVALLUZZO: In fact, an hour before Mr. Arar landed at JFK, the FBI notified the RCNP that Mr. Arar would be landing in New York. And what they didn't do, unfortunately, was completely apprise the Canadians what they were doing at the back and that is to render him to Syria. They finally found out a day after the fact, and the Americans at that time still wouldn't tell the Canadian authorities where he had been sent.  CHADWICK: Has there been any suggestion within the government of Canada that maybe Canada should be less cooperative with U.S. authorities if you can't get straight answers to questions?  Mr. CAVALLUZZO: We just expect our neighbor in accordance with due process principles. And unfortunately in this particular occasion, you didn't. And in the future as to what this brings, obviously Canadian agencies will be far more circumspect in respect to the information they give Americans.  CHADWICK: Paul Cavalluzzo, lead counsel for the Canadian government inquiry commission that looked into the case of Maher Arar.  Paul Cavalluzzo, thank you.  Mr. CAVALLUZZO: Thank you, Alex.

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Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: Don Byron's 'Ivey-Divey' Revisits Lester Young

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Clarinetist Don Byron is known for his musical experimentation -- playing classical compositions, Latin dance grooves, hip-hop, klezmer and pop songs. For his latest project, Byron returns to his first love --  jazz, with a CD largely dedicated to legendary saxophonist Lester Young. With the CD Ivey-Divey, Byron reinterprets music from the 1946 recording Lester Young Trio, in which Young was accompanied by Nat King Cole on piano and Buddy Rich on drums.  "With Lester Young, I think there's a discipline suggested that at the moment I reheard him seemed very tangible to me," Byron tells NPR's Michele Norris. "He's an incredibly disciplined person that kind of wants to sound like he has no discipline at all, like he's just walking in the park." Ivey-Divey includes a pair of Miles Davis tunes as well. And ironically it's on Davis' "In a Silent Way" that Byron says he hears himself sound the most like Young. It doesn't hurt that Byron is accompanied on the new CD by drummer Jack DeJohnette, who was on the original Davis sessions of "In a Silent Way."

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Stories: 1) Saxophone Stylings, With A South-Asian Flair 2) Green Goes Blue With 'Grant's First Stand' 3) 'Her Peers': A Gutsy Anthology Of Women Writers


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Question: Olympic Ski Course 'Dangerous,' Says Gold Medalist Lindsey Vonn

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In an interview with NPR's Melissa Block, which will air on NPR's All Things Considered later today, Lindsey Vonn, winner of the women's downhill competition at the Winter Olympics, criticized the design and condition of the alpine course at Whistler Creekside. Acknowledging that the weather hasn't been ideal, Vonn, who has been recovering from a painful shin injury, easily aggravated by a bumpy course, said elements of the run were especially precarious. "It's definitely challenging when you have a long course that's so bumpy, and then, at the very end, you have a monstrous jump," she said. "And I think that's a little bit dangerous." After the downhill competition, when Sweden's Anja Paerson lost control on the final jump, International Ski Federation officials decided to shave it, hoping to reduce its hazardousness. Block asked Vonn if she thought they should've done that sooner, before the downhill. "Yeah, I did, honestly," she said. "I kind of foresaw this problem, and I wished they would have taken it down earlier, but sometimes they just -- they don't want to do that."  Everyone knew after that training run that that jump was going to be huge. Especially at the end of a long course, a bumpy course, everyone's legs are really tired, and it's really dangerous to have such a big jump at the end of such a long course.  Vonn was also critical of the condition of the run, complaining about its bumpiness in particular. "I think they could have done maybe a little bit better job of grooming the hill, and making it smoother for the athletes," Vonn told Block, conceding the weather conditions have been suboptimal. Vonn fell in the super-combined competition yesterday, when she hooked the tip one of her skis on a gate in the slalom portion of the race. She'll compete in the super-G tomorrow. Next week, she'll race in the giant slalom (Wed., Feb. 24) and slalom (Fri., Feb. 26).

Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)


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E.g. ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Bruce Ames: Micronutrients and Nutrition'] == ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Forum talks with Bruce Ames about the links between micronutrients, nutrient deficiency and effects of hidden hunger on human health.'] != ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'"]

Question: The Best And Worst VP Candidates Of All Time

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The GOP national convention is now less than a month away, and Republicans anxiously await the announcement of Mitt Romney's running mate. For a little context, NPR's Ken Rudin weighs the best and worst vice-presidential candidates throughout history.

Good morning: here are our early stories: Chinese Author, Mo Yan, Awarded 2012 Nobel Prize In Literature. Presidential Candidates Set Their Sights On Colorado's Latinos. And here are more early headlines: Biden, Ryan Prepare For High-Stakes Vice Presidential Debate. (Reuters) Yemeni Guard At U.S. Embassy Killed In Drive-By Shooting. (CBS) Two Die In Florida Parking Garage Collapse, One Still Missing. (Orlando Sentinel) Home Foreclosures Drop To Five Year Low In September. (USA Today) It's The 50th Anniversary Of Vatican II - Why It Matters. (KPCC) No Arms For Syria Aboard Passenger Jet Downed In Turkey, Russia Says. (Washington Post) Alice Cooper Opens Rock And Roll Academy In Sioux Falls, N.D. (KDLT) Zombie Alert! Maine Hacker Changes Road Sign To Warn Startled Motorists. (Portland Press Herald)


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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

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From one of Ted's recommended recordings, John Eliot Gardiner conducts the Monteverdi Choir and the English Baroque Soloists in a setting of the 121st Psalm, part of Monteverdi's Vespers of 1610. The recording was made in St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice, the magnificent space for which Monteverdi composed his music. (Archiv 429 565-2)

2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: Nicholas Alan: 'Somebody Who Knows Me'

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Singer, songwriter Nicholas Alan blends jazz-chord pop with Beach Boys-style harmonies.  Alan describes his songs on his debut cd, A World Like Ours, as "uplifting and comforting, telling of love, loss, desire, and the need to be true to yourself by going after what you want." Alan is a native of Hollywood, Fla., but grew up in Marietta, Ga.  The son of an Atlanta jazz musician, Alan was raised listening to seasoned musicians at the top of their game, playing a wide variety of pop, jazz, and rock.   Now 24 years old, Alan lives and works in Atlanta, Ga.

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Stories: 1) 'Headmaster' Has Still Got Plenty of Soul 2) Sarah Johns' 'Big Love in a Small Town'


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Question: Health Dialogues: Health Care and the Media

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How does the media influence medical choices made by Californians? What stories are being reported by broadcast, print, online and ethnic media, and which aren't? Is the information accurate, and placed in proper context, and are sources of funding and conflicts of interest revealed? How do drug companies and others target media messages in different communities? What questions do consumers need to ask of the health data? On the August Health Dialogues, we explore just what kind of job the media is doing covering health care issues.[rebroadcast Fri, Aug 18 at 2am and Sat, Aug 19 at 1pm]

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Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: High School Seniors Opting for 'Gap Year'

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Many graduating high schoolers are postponing college for one year to explore things they are passionate about, such as sports or volunteer work. Washington Post Magazine writer Ian Shapira talks about his article "Filling the Gap," and student Tiffany Hamer talks about her gap year.

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For example, '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.\nIn comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]']' should be close to '['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed']'

State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Question: The Big Screen from 91.7 WVXU

Larry Thomas reviews the new George Clooney film, Michael Clayton.

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Gender Bias Reveals Consequences For Female Artists

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Art by women and men is valued differently. Fine art by women, on average, is valued much less than men's pieces, and are routinely left out of major museums.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: In A Swirl Of Humanity, A Chance Encounter With A Saint

Kurt Vonnegut once said, "What makes life worth living are the saints. ... They can be longtime friends or someone I meet on a street. They find a way to behave decently in an indecent society." And so it is with Gyanesh Kamal, a man I met at India's Kumbh Mela, one of the oldest festivals on Earth. To the uninitiated, this spiritual spectacle is a discombobulating din of prayers, loudspeakers and pilgrims so ceaseless it disorients the senses. Tens of millions of Hindu pilgrims gather every 12 years for this festival that plays out on the banks of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in the northern city of Allahabad. Considered to be the world's largest religious festival, the Kumbh Mela lasts nearly two months, with the final bathing day this year on March 10. On a recent visit, I randomly wandered into the compound of one akhara, or Hindu sect, that dates back 800 years, in search of someone who could enlighten me on the mysteries of this noise and devotion. Out of nowhere a voice beckoned: "Can I help you?" I swirled around and found a bear of a man, bespectacled and wrapped in layers of clothes that accentuated his girth. His invitation began what was to be an eight-hour lesson in Hinduism and humanity. A Lesson About Fire Kamal, 56, said the basic tenet of Hinduism is "to know what you are." That earth, water, sky, air and fire are the five elements that life embodies, including the human body. "Fire?" I asked incredulously. "Love is a fire," he said, "cruelty is a fire, affection is fire. ... Fire is the beginning and the end in Hinduism. When fire came, man became civilized." Betraying a Westerner's skepticism, I asked how he came by this trove of religious knowledge. The answer startles: Kamal is a saint in the Hindu religion, born in Allahabad. I've met remarkable souls who would fit Vonnegut's description of saintly, but never an actual saint. The term "sant," or saint, is derived from the Sanskrit, its root meaning being "one who knows the truth." The Hindu holy man seated me before a fire surrounded by his disciples, their faces aglow in the flame. When he noticed my eyes burning from the smoke, he offered cups of tea. The dizzying noise of dancers in the next tent distracted me, but not him. "Every thinker shuts their ears, shuts their eyes, mouth, every sense," he said. "How?" I asked, eager to know. "Make silent your mind, and you can think fantastic things of this world. Practice," he said. "Whenever we become silent, then thinking starts." There is an Obi-Wan Kenobi syntax to the speech of this saint who laughs easily, breaks into relaxing mantras readily and ratifies the observations of guests. Living Beside The River The Kumbh strikes me as the ultimate expression of simplicity, living on the ground, bathing in the Ganges River. "If you have simplicity, there is no need for getting a lot of material things to live your life," Kamal said. "You can easily become a true person. If you lead your life by truth, you can get everything in this world." As for the attraction the Kumbh holds for Westerners, he said, "People are bored with materialism. Materialism cannot fulfill you. ... Every season you get a new fashion. You're confused," he said with a smile. "You are making yourself strong by this simplicity [here]. The whole night, we sit under the sky, beside a fire. We need nothing. This lifestyle is epic. This fashion," he said with certainty, "never fades." India's holy men usually leave their families as children to be schooled in the rigors of religious life. The idea that Kamal would fix a date or a moment when the time came in his life for such devotion confounds him. "I was born a sadhu," or saint, he said matter-of-factly, "like you were born a journalist" (to which I laughed). It was well after midnight, and in a few hours the holiest day of Kumbh would dawn, the reason I came. Seeing that my team and I were exhausted after two sleepless nights, the saint of Allahabad gathered us beneath a tent, warmed us with blankets and disappeared into the darkness. A Deadly Stampede That Sunday evening, following a day of processions and holy bathing, a stampede at the train station killed three-dozen pilgrims and cast a pall over the Kumbh. The next morning, I rushed to see our Hindu holy man to thank him and say goodbye. We had agreed to meet, but he was nowhere to be found. With a flight to catch and time running out, reluctantly I headed to the hospital to talk to survivors of the stampede. In the critical care unit, my phone rang. "I am here," said a familiar voice. We dashed outside, and in the midst of a media scrum I spotted Kamal, who had just come from the morgue, angry and saddened. "Bad administration is to blame," he told me. "I will file public interest litigation in the courts." And so he has. I recalled the night before, as Kamal poked himself and said, "This body is immaterial. But your body and his body," he said, pointing to a follower, "everybody else's body is important to me." A

Stories: 1) 'Inside' A Backup Singer's Journey To Center Stage 2) The Lyrics And Legacy Of Stephen Foster 3) A Rich Satire About Street Art, Or Is It A Hoax?


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Question: Stories off the sidewalk

For several years, StoryCorps booths have allowed ordinary people relate their own stories to be preserved in a huge and growing collection in the Library of Congress.

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Old rockers come back for more wild times on the grapevine.


Question: Sonny Rollins in Conversation

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Sonny Rollins, the saxophone colossus, 50 years later, and still blowing us away: not only with his music but with the amazing way he has modeled a humble life of self-improvement and learning.

Unplugged Play, Chamber Music Cincinnati Season Preview, Follies at Cincinnati Music Theatre, John Ruthven Interview, Altar Boyz


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Question: Updated: Silvio Berlusconi Offers To Resign

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Update at 2:26 p.m. ET. In a meeting with Italy's president, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi offered to resign after Parliament approved a budget filled with new austerity measures. The Guardian reports that President Giorgio Napolitano broke the news in a statement that read in part:  Once this engagement is fulfilled, the Prime Minister will hand in his mandate to the head of state who will proceed with appropriate consultations, paying close attention to the positions and proposals of all political forces.  In essence, The Guardian adds, Berlusconi is following in the footsteps of Greece's Prime Minister George Papandreou, who offered to resign after his parliament passed the European Union bailout deal. This news also comes on a day when the yield on Italian bonds soared to 15-year highs. That only highlighted the problem facing the country: Its borrowing costs are ballooning as the bond market worries that it hasn't put its financial house in order. Update at 2:46 p.m. ET: The AP reports that Berlusconi has now confirmed the news, saying his decision to offer his resignation was for the good of the country and in an effort to "settle financial markets that have lost confidence in Italy's ability to rein in debt and spur growth." The AP adds:  Berlusconi said late Tuesday that he would prefer to call early elections, but that the decision rests with Italian President Giorgio Napolitano. In comments that marked a dramatic shift from his normally defiant tone, Berlusconi conceded he had lost his parliamentary majority during a routine vote Tuesday and that "things like who leads or who doesn't lead the government" is less important than doing "what is right for the country."  Our Original Post Continues:  The pressure on Italian Premier Silvio Berlusconi to resign continues today after his country's Parliament approved the government's budget — but with less than the 316 votes he needed to maintain a ruling majority. The budget got 308 aye votes. But 321 members abstained from voting, The Associated Press says. As the wire service says, though, while "the opposition immediately demanded that Berlusconi step down to calm the bond markets ... he has never listened to any calls to resign before his term ends in 2013." Next Victim Of Eurozone Crisis? Read More: There are fears, as the BBC reminds us, that Italy's weak economic growth and nearly $3 trillion in debt "could make it the next country to fall in the eurozone debt crisis." "World leaders," The Wall Street Journal notes, "have been urging the premier to take key steps to reboot Italy's economy, but  the government has repeatedly failed to deliver. ... Now, Mr. Berlusconi's options are more limited. He is likely to visit the  offices of Italy's head of state, Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, to  discuss whether he should step down. In such a scenario, Mr. Napolitano would  then hold a series of consultation with Italy's main political parties to decide  whether to call early elections or form a new government." According to The Guardian, not only are Berlusconi's opponents urging him to step down, so is a key ally. "News is breaking that Umberto Bossi, leader of the Northern  League party that governs in coalition with Berlusconi, has called on him to  resign."

Good morning, here are some of the stories we're looking at this morning: Space Shuttle Discovery Is On Its Last Flight. Mass Killer In Norway Declares 'I Would Have Done It Again'. Did Obama's Policies Help, Or Hinder, The Economy? GSA Inspector General Is Investigating Possible Bribes, Kickbacks. (Washington Post) African Union Says Suspends Guinea Bissau After Coup. (Reuters) UN Chief: Observers Say Syrian Ceasefire Generally Observed. (Dow Jones) Wikileaks Founder Julian Assange Interviews Hezbollah Leader In TV Premiere. (AP) Google Fined $25,000 For 'Willfully' Stonewalling FCC. (WTSP-TV) Welding-Caused Fire At Idaho National Laboratory Prompts Evacuations. (AP) Bruins Goalie Tim Thomas Greeted By Obama Masks. (USA Today)


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Question: Apartheid Inequalities Linger in South Africa Schools

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Public education is critical to the success of South Africa's young democracy. The country's school system, however, seems to be getting a failing grade. A visit to a rural primary school in Orkney, a gold-mining town southwest of Johannesburg, says much about why the system is in trouble.  On a recent day, some 1,600 students were enjoying a rich stew of beans and rice. But because of budgetary constraints, Reahola Primary School is able to feed its students only four days a week, says Principal Nachemane Majola.  "The fifth day they stay without food, and that makes them also not want to come to school, because what drives them to come to school is when they eat," he says, "because there is nothing at home."  Little Improvement Seen  Most of the families in the area are black and poor. The government is trying to make improvements at the school, according to Majola, but the budget allocations are still too small. There is not enough money to renovate the 25-year-old building and its collapsing ceilings. Many of the school's students are HIV-positive orphans who are suffering from illness and hunger. The lack of funding hobbles the ability to meet these students' needs. Reahola Primary School needs more books and basic supplies, but many of the country's other schools opened this past year with no books at all. The lack of adequate materials has led to steadily decreasing student performance.  Mary Metcalf, head of the School of Education at Johannesburg's University of the Witwatersrand, says only 17 percent of high school graduates achieve grades good enough to enter college.  Metcalf says these statistics are rooted in the country's history, when the white minority government deliberately undereducated blacks to keep them subservient.  One of the first tasks of the new black-led government after it came to power in 1994 was to create a unified system that it hoped would be more equitable. Nevertheless, inequities remain, according to experts such as Metcalf. "It's the children of the poor who we continue to fail," she says.  Metcalf is among those who are worried about consequences of such a severely challenged education system. "If you look at the number of young people who left school between 2005 and 2007, there's half a million who left with no school-leaving certificate, and who have very little chance of doing anything other than competing for very lowly skilled employment opportunities," she said. Better Future Promised  South Africa's education minister, Naledi Pandor, has acknowledged the poor state of the public education system, and she has stressed the need for the government and its partners to find new ways of fixing it. The new leadership of the ruling African National Congress party says that after next year's presidential elections, it will work to increase the number of qualified teachers by reopening teacher training institutions, especially in poor rural areas.  "The preoccupation after 2009 will be training, training, training," said ANC spokesperson Jesse Duarte. Meanwhile, despite myriad challenges at Reahola Primary School, Majola says he is hopeful.  "I've gone through apartheid. I attended very poor schools in farms, and I know with the little knowledge that I've acquired with the help of my parents, that keeps me going," Majola says. "We are still a new democratic country that will develop in time. ... I think if we are focused, we'll get there."


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Question: Billionaire Investor Wannabe Rock Star?

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Warren Buffett can be seen in a video dressed and singing like Axel Rose of Guns and Roses. The video was made by employees of Buffett's car insurance company Geico. Every year Geico workers put together a music video for their annual meeting. They  told Time magazine that this year they wanted to come up with the most "ridiculous" outfit they could think up for their billionaire owner.

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Uncle Don's Ego; The 500 Million Dollar Man; Alexander Shamilton.


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

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Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


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Question: How Will China Select Its New Leaders At Its Communist Party Congress?

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Preparations for a major shakeup of China's Communist Party leadership are all but complete, ahead of a national congress that begins in Beijing on Wednesday. President Xi Jinping, the party boss, is expected to cement his already considerable power and embark on a second five-year term. Last Saturday, in an auditorium bedecked with red flags and hammer-and-sickle emblems, the party's outgoing central committee members raised their hands in unison to approve the congress's final preparations. Beijing's streets are lined with security personnel, and police have hustled dissidents out of town on enforced "vacations" ahead of the country's most important political event. Held every five years, the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party is a piece of political theater that University of Victoria political scientist Wu Guoguang describes as being at once "holy" and "hollow." When it comes to understanding exactly how the leader of the world's most populous nation is chosen, "In fact, nobody knows," Wu says. "It's jungle politics," he adds. "The party does not play the game by its own rules." According to the Communist Party's charter, China's nearly 90 million party members select nearly 2,300 delegates, who in turn vote for a roughly 200-member central committee. That committee then elects a 25-odd-member Politburo, a standing committee having between five and nine members and the party's general secretary or top leader. But in fact, "The election is a formality," Wu says. "The positions are decided in advance of the congress." Then they're given to the delegates to rubber-stamp. The actual selection of the party leadership, Wu adds, is done "in a black box" behind closed doors. In other words, while power appears to flow from the bottom up, it actually goes from the top down. Experts' best guess, Wu says, is that around 20 people, including serving and retired members of the Politburo standing committee, bargain in secret to decide the next leader several months before the congress. In theory, the national congress is the party's highest organ of power. But Wu, the author of China's Party Congress: Power, Legitimacy, and Institutional Manipulation, who helped draft political reforms for the late Chinese Premier and Communist Party boss Zhao Ziyang, says that the leadership has many ways to manipulate the institution to make sure nobody it dislikes is ever nominated — much less elected. One such device is a sort of straw poll or dry run ahead of the congress, so that leaders can sniff out and neutralize opposition to their preferred candidates. The selection process is full of uncertainty, says Wu. This uncertainty may be behind the event's massive security operations, to which "every blade of grass, every tree looks like an enemy soldier," as the old Chinese saying goes. Part of the problem is that so many successions under communist rule have ended in failure. Three of Mao Zedong's anointed heirs, Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao and Hua Guofeng, were purged or sidelined. Liu was purged and persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and died in 1969. Lin died in a 1971 plane crash, after an alleged failed coup attempt. Hua served as party chairman for five years until Deng Xiaoping pushed him aside in 1981. During the 1980s, supreme leader Deng sacked two of his appointed successors in a row, ostensibly because they were soft on dissent. Experts point out that China has neither a hereditary dynasty nor competitive elections. To restore a semblance of order to the leadership selection process in the years following the June 4, 1989, massacre near Tiananmen Square, the party established some unwritten rules or norms to govern it. The most important of these is an informal rule that Politburo standing committee members must retire at age 68. But experts believe that Xi is not satisfied with the informal rules and intends to bend, break or scrap them altogether. And if there is any unwritten rule experts say Xi cannot tolerate, it is one that could hinder his ability to designate his own successor. In Chinese politics, this is a guarantee of a retired leader's survival and continuing behind-the-scenes influence. Years ago, supreme leader Deng is believed to have anointed two of Xi's predecessors. They in turn apparently designated two men, Sun Zhengcai and Hu Chunhua, as Xi's possible successors. But in July, Sun was sacked for corruption and violating party discipline as party boss of southwest China's Chongqing city, and Xi signaled that he would not accept anyone else's choice as his heir. Hu remains in place, at least for now. Mao, Deng and many Chinese emperors centuries before them essentially ruled until they died. China's Constitution mandates a two-term limit for its presidents, but there are no term limits for party leaders, who are above the president. Xi serves as president, party leader and head of the military. During his first term, he outdid his predecessors with tough crackdowns on both dissent and

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It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


Question: In 'Wonderland', Scenes Of Soviet Dissolution

When Jason Eskenazi was growing up in Queens, N.Y., during the Reagan era, he kept hearing about this mysterious thing — "The Evil Empire." He became so curious about it that once the Berlin Wall fell, he decided to visit and to document what he saw. "I wanted to see history," says Eskenazi, who, in his day job, works as a security guard at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. "I was not trusting what I was reading or seeing. I wanted to see it for myself, to go to the source of it."  Eskenazi spent more than a decade photographing life in the former Soviet Union and has just published his photographs in a book, Wonderland: A Fairy Tale of the Soviet Monolith. Eskenazi says the trip felt like moving back in time to a place with no advertisements and fewer cars on the road. Women wore summer dresses. "There were all these things from 50 years ago, and everything looked like the photography that I was brought up on," he says.  Eskenazi found few restrictions in those early days. He traveled thousands of miles, through seven time zones and entered factories and prisons in Siberia. Though he didn't speak Russian initially, he quickly learned the words for, "Where is the wedding?" or "Where is the funeral?" so he could enter into ritual and community life.  In one photo, a milkmaid with mud-stained shoes in Kazakhstan looks out dreamily as she milks a cow. The next photo features a young woman of similar features and age, but well dressed and dancing with a young man at a waltz competition. It's almost as if the first picture is dreaming the second.  At another point in the book, a woman jumps up in a park. She almost seems in flight, like the dreams of space flight that many people associate with the Soviet Union. But the next picture is totally ironic: A woman is dusting off a stuffed dog in a museum. It is, in fact, one of the dogs that went into space.  Eskenazi says symmetry is important in his photographs, but there also has to be "some edge or funniness or irony to it, and it also has to have some romance and longing."  Documentary photographer Gene Richards says that although Eskenazi uses irony and metaphor, none of it is pre-orchestrated: "Most photographers today either do art photography or create blunt, in-your-face messages," he says. "The place he went to could be seen in a million ways, but Eskenazi always seems to capture the little non-moments, the lonely souls."  Eskenazi, who took the title of his book from Alice in Wonderland, likens the breakup of the Soviet Union (and the food and security provided by the Communist Party) to the end of childhood.  "When the Berlin Wall came down, it was almost as if they were set out on a journey to find themselves and who they were after 70 years of a childhood," he says. Eskenazi says his photographs are about the difficulty of losing what you always thought would be there. "We often confuse the memory of our childhood, even if was terrible," he says. "Even if we were in a horrendous situation in childhood, it was your childhood.  "What I realized was that the people I was encountering had a nostalgia for tragedy. That was my great lesson. That was my maturation."

Stories: 1) Eugene Hütz, Gogol Bordello's Gypsy-Punk Hero 2) Nervous And Nerdy, From 'Office' To Silver Screen 3) 'Brothers': Family Ties, Unraveling In Wartime


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Question: Responding to Your Letters

Farai Chideya and producer/editor Christopher Johnson read from listeners' letters.  The two respond to feedback about our coverage of the Bush economic stimulus package, our interview with the author of Body Drama, and a recent conversation about black stereotypes in film. FARAI CHIDEYA, host:  And now it's time for your letters. Joining me now to sort through the mail is our producer and editor, Christopher Johnson. Hey, Christopher, what have we got today?  CHRISTOPHER JOHNSON: Well, we got a couple letters about our guest Boyce Watkins. The Syracuse University finance professor talked about the new economic-stimulus package. Boyce explained how the plan will impact the working poor.  Mr. BOYCE WATKINS (Syracuse University): I don't think they're going to benefit that much in the long term in the areas that really matter. Basically the stimulus package is designed to do one thing: to get money in the hands of poor and middle-class people so that they will spend it and throw it right back into the economy, and we're saying rather than taking that money and spending it as they want you to, save it or invest it or do something different with your money.  JOHNSON: Robert Gable(ph) in Berkeley, California heard the interview with Boyce, and he send us this. You generally have very good commentators. However, Boyce Watkins throws in gratuitous racial references. For example, he talked about rich white folks telling poor people about the recession. Rich black folks would have probably been just as tardy in noticing the recession.  CHIDEYA: And earlier this week I spoke with Nancy Amanda Redd. The former Miss Virginia has a new book called "Body Drama." It's aimed at teenage girls working through body image issues. Jeanine Brewer(ph) in Myersville, Maryland heard our talk and she wrote us this. If Nancy Amanda Redd was truly on a mission to help women and girls with body image difficulties, she should put some of her effort toward ending the so-called beauty contest that she took part in.  JOHNSON: Also we screwed up our story last week about black stereotypes in film. Listener Kamasi Hill(ph) in Chicago caught our goof. Kamasi writes: It was stated that Michael Clarke Duncan won an Oscar 60 years after Hattie McDaniel. The truth is he was nominated, but he never won.  Now, Farai, according to the Oscar awards online database, Kamasi is right. In 2000, Michael Clarke Duncan was nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance in "The Green Mile," but Michael Caine won the award for his role as Dr. Wilbur Larch in "The Cider House Rules."  CHIDEYA: Well, our apologies, and thanks for catching it. And finally, earlier this week I spoke with independent reporter Bob Butler. He has done a series of reports about how climate change is affecting the West African nation of Senegal. Listener Michelle Higgins(ph) wrote in about my talk with Bob and NPR's ongoing coverage of climate change. Michelle says: In the report on global warming in Senegal, Farai wondered if people cared, if they were plugging in. I wanted her to know that at that very moment I had my map pulled out. I was marking the events being discussed as notes near Senegal on the map. Yes, we do care, and this series helps us learn more and become more connected. Keep it up.  JOHNSON: That's it for letters, but please keep your coming.  CHIDEYA: To write us, just log on to npr.org and click on contact us. Please be sure to tell us where you're writing from and how to pronounce your name, and as always, thanks, Christopher.  JOHNSON: You're welcome, Farai.

In the aftermath of catastrophic events such as a mass shooting or natural disaster, politicians often offer up their thoughts and prayers to victims. Critics then hit back, condemning the phrase as meaningless — with no real value or impact. Now a new study from economists finds that prayers might have an actual dollar value, and they may also have real consequences for charitable giving in the wake of catastrophe, but not in the way you might think. Source: Thunström, Linda and Shiri Noy, "The Value of Thoughts and Prayers", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019 Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter.  Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.


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Question: Snow Forecast for Mountain Passes Christmas Weekend

If you're driving across Washington's Interstate 90 Snoqualmie Pass to visit friends and family this weekend, make note of this warning from the Washington State Department of Transportation: DOT officials say Saturday morning is NOT the best time to drive to grandma's house.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In China, Obama Touts Visa Deal, Progress On Free-Trade Pact. -- Bombing At Nigerian High School Kills Dozens. -- Will Jeb Bush Run For President? His Brother Says Maybe. -- Study: Detergent Pods Can Harm Children Who Play With Them. And here are more early headlines: Chinese, Japanese Leaders Meet In Ice-Breaking Talks. (Wall Street Journal) Frigid Weather Plunging South Into U.S., Brings Sub-Normal Temps. (USA Today) 3 Astronauts Return Safely From International Space Station. (CBS) Talks Extended Into Monday For Iran's Nuclear Program. (Reuters) Bombings In Afghanistan Kill Afghan Security Officers. (VOA) Survey Finds Regular Gas Prices Down 13 Cents In Last 2 Weeks. (AP)


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Question: Oscars 2020: A Podcast Playlist For The Best Picture Nominees

There are nine nominees for best picture this year, and we've covered all of them on Pop Culture Happy Hour. We're cramming for Sunday night's awards, and we know some of you are too. We'll be tweeting and writing and recording on Sunday night, and we'll have our wrap-up on Monday morning, so until then, enjoy this look back at some of our favorites (and not-so-favorites) of 2019 that have risen to the top of this particular pack.  '1917' Is Not Your Dad's War Movie 1917 is directed by Sam Mendes and follows two young World War I soldiers who are sent on a dangerous mission to deliver a crucial message. And just to increase the level of difficulty a little, the whole movie is crafted to look like one continuous shot.  'Parasite' Is A Genre-Bending Look At Capitalism Even if you've seen a lot of movies about class struggle, you can bet you've never seen one like Parasite. From director Bong Joon-ho, it tells the story of two families, one with a lot of money and one that's just struggling to get by. Parasite won the top prize, the Palme d'Or, at this year's Cannes Film Festival, and it's South Korea's entry into this year's Oscars race.  'Once Upon A Time In... Hollywood': Tarantino's Fairy Tale Turns Grim Once Upon A Time In... Hollywood is writer-director Quentin Tarantino's ninth film. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as a fading western actor named Rick Dalton and Brad Pitt as his loyal stuntman Cliff Booth. It's set in the changing Hollywood of 1969, and in many ways, it's a breezy romp through studio backlots and makeup trailers — but hanging over every frame is the threat of violence, in the form of a very real historical tragedy — the brutal Manson family murders in the Hollywood Hills. It's glossy L.A. nostalgia laced with grisly violence — it's peak Tarantino, but does it work?  In 'Joker', Joaquin Phoenix Gives A Big Performance In A Flat Film In the new Todd Phillips film Joker, Joaquin Phoenix plays Arthur Fleck, an aspiring comic. Neglected by the world and beaten down everywhere he turns, Fleck does what any discouraged clown would do: he becomes a menace.  'Little Women' Is A Dynamic Sister Act Greta Gerwig was nominated for an Oscar for directing 2017's Lady Bird. She's following it up with an adaptation of Little Women that features two of her Lady Bird stars, Saoirse Ronan and Timothée Chalamet. Ronan plays Jo, the free-spirited March sister. She's joined by Emma Watson, Florence Pugh, and Eliza Scanlen, Laura Dern and Meryl Streep. Gerwig also wrote the script, which makes some changes to the story and the structure of Louisa May Alcott's book.  Settling The Scorsese: 'The Irishman' The movies and the mob have made a winning combination for decades. The Godfather, Goodfellas, The Departed — and that's on top of television projects like The Sopranos. Now, Oscar-winning director Martin Scorsese brings you The Irishman, and he's put together quite a cast. Robert DeNiro plays a hit man, Joe Pesci is his boss, and Al Pacino is Jimmy Hoffa. In a sign of some of the changes shaking up the industry, The Irishman comes to you via Netflix.  'Marriage Story': For Better Or Divorce What's the opposite of a love story? It might be the new Noah Baumbach film Marriage Story, starring Adam Driver and Scarlett Johansson as a couple we meet when they're just starting their divorce. For the next two hours, we watch them argue and negotiate over how to separate and how to co-parent their young son. Marriage Story also stars Laura Dern and Ray Liotta as aggressive divorce lawyers and Alan Alda as a gentler hand who tries to give less combative representation. Baumbach both wrote and directed the film, which is now streaming on Netflix. 'Jojo Rabbit': Should You Go, Or Waititi To See It? Jojo Rabbit is a dark comedy from writer-director Taika Waititi. Based on a 2004 novel by Christine Leunens, the film follows Jojo, a German boy who remains loyal to Adolf Hitler as World War II winds down. In fact, he envisions the leader as his imaginary friend.  Vrooming Engines Meet Flaring Tempers In 'Ford V Ferrari' Cars that are going very fast have been cinema staples for decades. In Ford v Ferrari, we find out a little about what it can take to make them go that fast. Starring Matt Damon and Christian Bale, the film indeed tells the tale of an epic battle of Ford versus Ferrari in the 24 Hours of Le Mans race in 1966.

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Stories: 1) Anderson, Recreating 'Blood' History 2) A Conversation About 'Eastern Promises' 3) An Oscar with your 'Ratatouille'? 4) Tamara Jenkins' Film Nominated for Oscars 5) 'Juno': Not Your Average Teen Pregnancy Movie 6) Review, 'Be Kind, Rewind'


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Question: Military Hospitals Experiment with Virtual Reality

Soldiers returning from Iraq often have to confront painful memories of war. Now military and veteran hospitals are using virtual reality to help veterans relive their experiences in order to break through them. A new, high-tech system designed to treat military veterans suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder -- or PTSD -- may be familiar to fans of a squad-based combat video game. Using components from the popular game Full Spectrum Warrior, psychologist Skip Rizzo and his colleagues have fashioned a "virtual" world that simulates the sources of combat stress. The project is a joint venture between the Institute for Creative Technologies -- a cutting-edge research lab at the University of Southern California -- and the Office of Naval Research. The object is to help veterans come to terms with what they've experienced in places like Iraq and Afghanistan by immersing vets in the sights and sounds of those theaters of battle. The soldier being treated wears VR goggles and headphones. Using a tablet-based interface, a therapist can activate or remove the sounds of gunshots or the sight of smoke, depending on a patient's reaction. The idea is to re-introduce the patients to the experiences that triggered the trauma, gradually, until the memory no longer incapacitates them. Eventually, Rizzo believes the therapy will include other stimuli, such as vibrations to simulate the impact of bombs or rumbling of tanks, and even the smells of war -- the body odor, garbage and spices of urban combat, for example. Early results from trials suggest virtual reality therapy is uniquely suited to a generation raised on video games. The gaming aspect of the treatment also helps to lessen the stigma associated with getting therapy.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: From One Of The Recordings

represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth For example, ["represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr For example, 'In the midst of California’s historic drought, the San Diego Library opened an exhibit that reminds us of the measures communities used to take to get the rain they needed. In late 1915, San Diego hired a “moisture accelerator” named Charles Hatfield during a drought. He was said to have delivered on his promise to deliver enough rain to fill the empty reservoirs, but there was too much rain, causing a deadly flood. Rick Crawford of the San Diego Central Library discussed the history of this rainmaker with Here & Now’s Robin Young. \nRead more about Charley Hatfield the rainmaker\n\n8 Facts About Charles Hatfield The ‘Rainmaker’\n\nDuring a drought in California, Hatfield was hired by the San Diego city council with a four-to-one vote and promised $10,000 in a handshake\xa0deal\xa0if he\xa0could\xa0make it rain.\nAlthough Hatfield was considered a rainmaker, his original profession was a sewing machine salesman.\nHe convinced people he had the methods of creating rain from a chemical cocktail he formulated.\nTo inject his rainmaking concoction into clouds overhead, he built a 20-foot tower in the area and burned the chemical mixture from the top of the structure. Witnesses claimed he shot the chemicals into the air like bombs, spurting fumes and smoke to ascend into the sky and convince the cumulus clouds to send down rain.\nHe preferred the title “moisture accelerator.”\nHatfield inspired the 1956 film “The Rainmaker,” starring Burt Lancaster and Katharine\xa0Hepburn.\nOn January 1, 1916,\xa0the rain started in San Diego and it didn’t stop for the entire month, resulting in 30 inches of rain. The floods destroyed the dam, washed out roads, lifted railroad tracks, caused property damage across the region and killed an estimated 14 to 50 citizens.\nHatfield never got his money. The city council claimed the floods were an act of God, not an act of Hatfield.\n [Youtube] Guest\n\nRick Crawford, supervisor of special projects at San Diego Central Library.' should be close to 'In 1915, San Diego Hired A Rainmaker And Floods Ensued'", "Criminals run from the Rumbler; I'm Just a Jealous Mutt; A Fish Named Ronaldo."] should be similar to ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Listener Limerick Challenge']

From one of the recordings recommended by Ted Libbey later this hour, Gerard Schwarz conducts the Seattle Symphony in the finale of the Symphony No. 2by American composer Walter Piston. (Delos DE 3074)

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Garry Wills: "What Paul Meant"

Forum in conversation with historian Garry Wills about the New Testament writings of Saint Paul.

Stories: 1) Jacob Weisberg, Chronicling 'The Bush Tragedy' 2) Sean Michael Flynn, 'From Ground Zero to Baghdad'


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Question: Friday News Roundup - International

This week, the world breathed a collective sigh of relief after all 12 boys and their coach were rescued from a flooded cave in Thailand.  In the midst of celebration, anger brewed over the handling of another incident in Thailand that captured less attention. Following a huge storm, two boats carrying Chinese tourists sank off the resort island of Phuket, leaving more than 40 dead and many missing. World leaders convened a two-day NATO summit in Brussels as President Trump upped the tension with his rebukes of U.S. allies. He privately called on his counterparts to increase their defense spending from 2 percent to 4 percent of gross domestic product. Shortly before the president’s departure from Brussels, he said:  The people have stepped up today. Everyone in the room thanked me. There was a great collegial spirit in that room … Very unified, very strong. No problem.  Trump also promised to address Russia’s meddling in the 2016 election at an upcoming summit with President Vladimir Putin, according to The Washington Post. Of his upcoming meetings in Europe, the president anticipates that the Putin summit “may be the easiest of them all”. Brexit turmoil dominated the UK this week. Boris Johnson resigned as foreign secretary and U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May sought support for a proposal for UK-EU relations post-Brexit. Also in the UK, protestors prepared for Trump’s meeting with Theresa May, a British woman died after exposure to the nerve agent Novichok, and England lost to Croatia in the World Cup semifinals, 2-1. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo returned from a trip to Pyongyang, which went “as badly as it could have gone,” according to a source close to the White House. President Trump seemed more hopeful, sharing a note from Kim Jong-un on Twitter:
A very nice note from Chairman Kim of North Korea. Great progress being made! pic.twitter.com/6NI6AqL0xt — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) July 12, 2018   Next up, Pompeo will travel to Mexico to meet with President-elect Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador. In India, seven people have been arrested after a 15-year-old girl alleged she was raped repeatedly over a period of six months. The allegations are the latest in what has been called an ‘epidemic’ in India. Finally, France and Croatia will face off in the World Cup finals on Sunday. *Text by Kathryn Fink*. GUESTS Mark Landler, White House correspondent, The New York Times; author of “Alter Egos: Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and the Twilight Struggle Over American Power”; @MarkLandler Nancy Youssef, National security reporter, The Wall Street Journal; @nancyayoussef Edward Luce, Chief U.S. columnist and commentator, Financial Times; his latest book is “The Retreat of Western Liberalism”; @EdwardGLuce Roger Bennett, Soccer journalist, podcast host of “American Fiasco” from WNYC, and Men in Blazers. For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

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Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: Garry Wills: "What Paul Meant"

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Question:
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Sierra Leone Peacekeeping Mission

NPR's Michael Sullivan reports that yesterday India announced that it would pull its contingent out of a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Sierra Leone. India, with the second-largest contingent of troops is pulling out at a time when the United Nations is attempting to increase the number of peacekeepers in the embattled West African nation.

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: 'L.A. Times': Iran Closer to Nuclear Ambitions

The Los Angeles Times publishes an investigative report bolstering claims by U.S. intelligence agencies that Iran is working to become a nuclear power. The report suggests Iran is two to five years away from having nuclear weapons. Hear Los Angeles Times reporter Douglas Frantz.

Good morning - we're looking at these stories today: Fierce Fighting Continues In Syria As U.N. General Assembly Prepares To Vote. It's 'Kiss In' Day At Chick-Fil-A For Gay Rights Activists. China Gets Hit With Two Hurricanes, Just Hours Apart. (CNN) Tropical Storm Ernesto Forms In Caribbean, Heading For Gulf Of Mexico. (AP) Jailed Islamist Cleric Threatens War If Myanmar Continues To Abuse Rohingya Muslims. (AFP) Spain's Borrowing Costs Go Up As Speculation Grows Over A Possible Bailout. (AP) Russian President Putin Suggests Leniency For Girl Punk Band Facing Charges Of Denouncing Him. (Moscow Times) U.S. Nuclear Processing Facility Closed After Four Protesters Get Through Security. (Reuters) Baseball All-Star Cal Ripken, Jr. Asks For Public's Help In Nabbing His Mother's Kidnapper. (Baltimore Sun) American Gymnastics Gold Medalist Gabby Douglas Is On 'Cloud Nine'. (People)


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Question: At Vietnam Memorial, Growing List Honors Fallen

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The Vietnam Veterans Memorial opened in 1982, but it remains unfinished. Though Maya Lin's granite design included almost 58,000 names of U.S. men and women who were killed or missing in the Vietnam War, space was left open for new names to be added. More than 300 names have been added over the years.  Many who were wounded in the conflict died outside the war zone or died years later. That's what happened to Dennis O. Hargrove of Burns, Tenn. Multiple gunshot wounds he suffered in 1969 left him paralyzed for the rest of his life. He died in 1987, and his sister petitioned the Defense Department to include his name in the official tally of war dead.  Hargrove's name is one of four added to the memorial this year. They were carved in earlier this month by two stone engravers using a special sandblaster. Visitors can pick out the additions by counting six names on a line — one more than the original design. The newest names are made official during Memorial Day ceremonies.

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News Headlines: Oct. 29, 2007 Washington Post: In S.C., Obama Seeks a Spiritual Reawakening -- "The Democratic presidential candidate from Illinois -- hoping his campaign can recapture some of that old-time religious fervor -- launched a three-city gospel concert series over the weekend across the state, in North Charleston, Greenwood and Columbia." More: McClurkin Strikes Back at Critics -- "Don't call me a bigot or anti-gay, when I have been touched by the same feelings." Plus: Clinton, Romney lead in Iowa More Headlines:Daily Mail (UK): Oprah Winfrey Apologizes for School Scandal ABC News: Genarlow Wilson: Freedom and New Prospects Washington Post: U.S. Guns Behind Cartel Killings in Mexico MSNBC: Subprime Crisis Seals O'Neal's Fate at Merrill TIME: Why FEMA Fakes it With the Press New York Times: One Big American TV Audience Science Daily: Ethnic Differences In Sleep Quality And Blood Pressure USA Today: For Many Kids, Lead Threat Is In Their Own Homes Chicago Sun Times: Army: Toss Black GIs' Convictions for WWII Riot


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Question: The Jamestown Project

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Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University


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Question: Commentary: All The King's Men

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With election season upon us, Commentator Chris Tucker says a new movie and an older book raise questions about the relationship of politics and morality.

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: The War on Junk Food; A Slap in Madison; and Dinner with All the President's Friends.


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Question: Government Financial Rescues On The Rise

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The government stepped in to help Bear Stearns and recently orchestrated a takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. How far will the government go to rescue other firms like Lehman Brothers? Business journalist Joe Nocera talks with host Scott Simon about the moral and practical hazards.

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State Finances in the Black at $3.1 Billion. More Californians Traveling Abroad for Essential Surgeries. End Music.


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Question: Panetta: 'My Mission Has Always Been To Keep The Country Safe'

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For more than 40 years, Leon Panetta has split his life on two coasts: his home in California and his work in Washington, D.C. It's a career that included 16 years in Congress, stints as White House chief of staff for President Clinton, and as the head of the CIA and the Pentagon under President Obama. As Panetta prepares to leave his job as defense secretary, he sat down with Rachel Martin, host of Weekend Edition Sunday, to talk about his years in Washington and serving in the Obama administration. During the past two years at the Pentagon, Panetta has overseen the aftermath of the war in Iraq, the drawdown of troops from Afghanistan and a massive budget battle. If Congress doesn't reach a deficit deal, the Pentagon could be forced to cut close to $50 billion this year. It's the kind of battle Panetta has fought before, having participated in almost every major summit on budget issues since the Reagan administration. But he says there's been a big change since then. "One of the differences is that the leadership was very strong about demanding that both sides sit down and not come out of a room until they had found a compromise," Panetta says. Heading The CIA Budget issues were the kinds of problems that Panetta dealt with for a good part of his political career, but when Obama asked him to head the CIA, the issues he would grapple with would be much different. Panetta was home in California when he got the call from the White House chief of staff; he was initially skeptical of taking the job. "I said you've got to be out of your mind," Panetta says. But Panetta says Obama thought he could help restore trust in the CIA, a daunting task, as trust in the agency had eroded, he says, since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. "In many ways, I'm a sucker for a challenge," he says. As head of the CIA, Panetta oversaw the U.S. drone campaign against al-Qaida. When the intelligence identified the location of a particular target, Panetta often had to decide whether to fire. "As a Catholic, suddenly realizing I had the responsibility of saying, 'We're going to go after somebody,' it was something I did not take lightly," he says. "It's a lot of responsibility." Panetta justifies the use of drones as a necessary tool to "keep the country safe," which he says was his mission both as head of the CIA and as defense secretary. "I felt they were legitimate if we followed the law, and did what we had to do under our law, to make sure that we were being true to the American people with regard to our responsibility," he says. There is wide uncertainty about how many civilians have been killed in U.S. drone strikes. One estimate from the New America Foundation says around 300 civilians were killed in Pakistan from 2004 to the beginning of this year. There is at least one case where U.S. officials, including Panetta, knew that a woman was present at a possible strike site, and the attack was ordered anyway. A U.S. official told NPR a strike with non-combatants in the area would only happen in "exceptional circumstances against very high-level terrorists." Changing The Pentagon At the CIA, Panetta saw close up how the government exercises power in the name of national security. He saw the same thing at the Pentagon, but as defense secretary he got to use his own power to change the institution. In January, Panetta announced an end to a 1994 policy that banned women from serving in combat. Panetta says, for him, the issue was personal. "I'm the son of immigrants, and in many ways I've lived the American dream," he says. "It is about giving everybody the opportunity to succeed. There's no guarantees, but everybody ought to have a chance." After Panetta's decision, there has been concern from some in the military of standards, in particular the idea that the standards of some jobs might have to be lowered to accommodate women. He says it is simply a chance for the military to re-evaluate its standards and make improvements. "Every profession that's gone through this ... have had to look at their standards and really determine 'are these really the standards that we need in order to have a good fireman [or] good policeman,'" he says. "I think the military is going to have to go through the same process." A Californian At Heart With every job he's had in Washington, Panetta has made it a priority to make it home to Monterey, Calif., as often as he can to see his family. The reason this was so important to him, he says, is that he feels it's good for those who work in Washington to get out of the city. "The problem with Washington is that you can become very confined; you lose your perspective," he says. "Throughout my career, I've always thought it was important to have a chance to be just another citizen, because that ... energizes you to be able to come back and make the kind of decisions you have to make." On the walls of Panetta's office, a long row of clocks show the time in Kabul, Baghdad and Washington. But the watch Panetta wears

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Good morning. Sorry we're late with the roundup. We've had quite a few things to post about already today, as you can see: -- Before Obama's Plan Is Out, NRA Calls Him An 'Elitist Hypocrite' -- Inflation Rate Slowed Sharply In 2012; Prices Were Flat In December -- UPDATE: 'Turmoil' For Many Parents As NYC School Bus Drivers Strike -- Fireball, Panic As Helicopter Crashes In London -- Blast Rocks Kabul; Dozens Wounded, Attackers Killed -- Interior Sec. Salazar Is Latest Member Of Cabinet To Announce Departure Among the other stories making headlines: -- "French Troops Move North As Mali Rebels Dig In." (The New York Times) -- "Islamists Attack Algerian Gas Feld, Kill, Kidnap Foreigners." (Reuters) -- Former South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford (R) Announces Bid For Congress. (The State) -- Top Japan Airlines Ground Boeing 787 Dreamliners. (BBC News) -- With Confession, Lance Armstrong Is Hoping To Reduce Lifetime Ban From Competition And Head Off A Lawsuit That Could Cost Him Nearly $100 Million. (The Washington Post)


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Question: Commentary: Iraqi Who Helped Save Lynch now in U.S.

After the rescue of Jessica Lynch, the Iraqi lawyer who helped save her moved his family to Washington, DC. Commentator Rosie Dempsey, who lived across the street, regrets she didn't have a chance to get to know her neighbors.

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News Headlines: Sept. 17, 2007 ABC News: Charges Dropped for One of 'Jena Six' -- "It almost came down to the wire. Mychal Bell, 17, was scheduled to be sentenced next week for his conviction in the beating of a white high school schoolmate. But a Louisiana appeals court ruled that Bell, who was 16 when he committed the crime for which he was charged, should not have been tried an adult. The three-judge panel overturned the conviction." More: Sharpton Asks for Prosecutorial Misconduct Charge Plus: Listen to Today's Coverage on News & Notes More Headlines:The Washington Post: Tape Released of O.J. Simpson in Vegas AFP: Berlin Gets First Memorial Stone for African Victim of the Nazis The New York Times: Using Crayons to Exorcise Katrina AFP: Sen. Clinton Unveils Healthcare Plan AFP: Greenspan Memoir Links Iraq War to U.S. Thirst for Oil The AJC: In Atlanta, Assisted Living Facility Caters to Black Seniors GQ: Colin Powell on the Run-Up to War


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Question: Ballot Measure Backers Take Lessons from Ad Industry

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As the State Legislature convenes its new 2-year session, lawmakers will begin discussions on how to implement the $42 billion in public works bonds approved by voters. The backers of the education bond Proposition 1D, borrowed many of their practices to the commercial advertising lessons of Madison Avenue.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Three quotes from this week's fiery Democratic Presidential debate in Philadelphia: one candidate who has a commitment problem, another with a good one-liner, and another secures the vote of Alf and ET.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Hearing Set for Kansas Serial Killer Suspect

A preliminary hearing is scheduled Tuesday for the suspected BTK serial killer in Wichita, Kan. Police say Dennis Rader is responsible for 10 murders in the city between 1974 and 1991. Since his arrest in February, police have said little about what led them to Rader or their case against him.

Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)


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Question: Fresh Air Remembers Traditional Music Legend Doc Watson

This interview was originally broadcast on March 24, 1988. Doc Watson, who was called "a living national treasure" for his virtuoso flat-picking and his repertoire of traditional folk and bluegrass tunes, has died. He was 89. For more than five decades, the blind guitarist had been one of America's preeminent folk and country performers. Watson, who learned to play the banjo and the guitar as a young child, got his start performing on street corners around Raleigh, N.C. After picking up the electric guitar as a teenager — and learning how to play rockabilly and old rock standards on his Les Paul — Watson switched exclusively to the banjo and acoustic guitar. "Oh, Lord, if you'd have taken an electric guitar on the stage at some of those festivals, they would have booed you off the stage," Watson said in a 1988 interview on Fresh Air. "They used to call me 'ethnic' until they found out I knew a few of the tunes, other than the old hand-me-downs and the old ballads, the good old tunes I cut my teeth on. I think I really shocked some people in some of the clubs." Throughout the 1960s, Watson toured as a solo performer, even playing at the Newport Folk Festival in 1963. A year later, he began performing with his son Merle. After Merle died in a farming accident in 1985, Watson reduced his recording schedule but still made appearances at bluegrass festivals across the country. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Grammys in 2004. TERRY GROSS, HOST:  This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross. Our show today is dedicated to Doc Watson. He died yesterday at the age of 89. He was one of America's most revered folk musicians. In his prime, he was considered the finest flat-picker in the U.S. Folklorist Ralph Rinzler was quoted in the New York Times today in Watson's obit as saying, quote, Watson is single-handedly responsible for the extraordinary increase in acoustic flat-picking and finger-picking guitar performance. His flat-picking style has no precedent in earlier country music, unquote. Watson was born in North Carolina's Blue Ridge Mountains. When he was about one year old, an eye infection left him blind. For about 15 years, he toured and performed with his son Merle. In 1985, Merle was killed in a tractor accident. Watson organized an annual musical festival in his honor in North Carolina, known as Merlefest. We're going to hear the interview I recorded with Doc Watson in 1988, but we're going to start with a couple of songs from the concert he recorded on our show in 1989. He brought with him guitarist Jack Lawrence, who was his longtime music partner. I want to welcome both of you to FRESH AIR, and Doc Watson, can I ask you to introduce the first song? DOC WATSON: Thank you, Terry. I think we'll do one that Merle and I - my son Merle and I - learned from John Hurt, a good old tune called "Make Me Down A Pallet On Your Floor." (SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "MAKE ME DOWN A PALLET ON YOUR FLOOR") WATSON: (Singing) Make me down a pallet on your floor. Make me down a pallet on your floor. Honey, won't you make it down, make it soft and low, and then maybe my good gal, she won't know. (Singing) I'm goin' up the country through that sleet and snow, goin' up the country through that sleet and snow. Yes, I'm goin' up the country through that sleet and snow, ain't no telling just how far I'll go. (Singing) I get my breakfast here and my dinner in Tennessee, get breakfast here and dinner in Tennessee. Gonna get my breakfast here, my dinner in Tennessee, told you I's a-comin', so you'd better look for me. (Singing) Make me down a pallet on your floor. Make me down a pallet on your floor. Honey, won't you make it down, make it soft and low, and then maybe my good gal, she won't know. What do you think about it, Jack? Hey, I like that notion right there. (Singing) Well, you know that I can't lay down on your bed. Now, honey, I can't lay down on your bed. No, baby, I can't lay down 'cross your pretty bed 'cause my good woman, she might kill me dead. (Singing) And don't you let my good gal catch you here. Hey, don't you let my good gal catch you here. If you do, she may shoot you, she might cut and stuff you too, ain't no tellin' what that gal might do. (Singing) Make me down a pallet on your floor. Make me down a pallet on your floor. Honey, won't you make it down, make it soft and low. And then maybe my good gal, she won't know. (Singing) The way I've been sleepin', my back and shoulder's tired. The way I've been sleepin', my back and shoulder's tired. Yeah, the way I've been a-sleepin', my back and shoulder's tired. I think I'll turn, try sleepin' on my side. (Singing) Make me down a pallet on your floor. Make me down a pallet on your floor. Honey, won't you make it down, make it soft and low. And then maybe my good gal, she won't know. Let's play some country counterpoint, son. (Singing) Make me down a pallet on your floor. Make me down a pallet on your floor. Honey, make it over, close behind that door. Make it where you

Stories: 1) Anita O'Day: Revisiting A Classic Voice 2) Harvey Kurtzman: The Comics World's 'Mad Genius' 3) Zooey Deschanel, From Actress To Indie Rocker 4) Foul Mouths And A Penetrating Farce In 'The Loop'


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: Friday News Roundup - Domestic

With guest host Kimberly Adams. This week, 20 Democratic presidential hopefuls took to the debate stage in Miami. We analyzed the first night of debates with NPR political reporter Jessica Taylor and a panel of voters. Kate Nachazel, a senior at the University of Michigan, said she appreciated that the candidates didn’t talk so much about President Donald Trump. “I think it’s kind of a cheap shot at this point, just saying that we need to stop Trump,” she said. She thinks for people voting Democratic, that’s already established. What have we learned about these candidates? Who rose to the top? And who sunk to the bottom? Follow NPR’s live debate analysis here. We also bring you up to speed on several end-of-term Supreme Court decisions. On Thursday, SCOTUS ruled that federal courts cannot review the issue of partisan gerrymandering and that the citizenship question will not appear on the 2020 Census — for now. NPR’s Hansi Lo Wang and Nina Totenberg report:  The high court’s decision could have profound political consequences. The new population counts from the 2020 census will determine for the next 10 years how many seats each state gets in the U.S. House of Representatives and how many Electoral College votes each state gets in presidential elections beginning in 2024. They also help determine how some $900 billion a year in federal money is allocated across the country for roads, schools, hospitals, health care and more. Census Bureau research has long shown that adding a citizenship question often leads people in households with immigrants — including those who are U.S. citizens — to simply not fill out the census form. That could result in an undercount that is not only substantial but uneven, according to Census Bureau experts, and it hits mainly in urban areas where immigrant groups live, while leaving rural, mainly white areas largely unaffected.  And we’re following the latest at the Southern border. A viral photo of a man and his daughter floating face down on the edge of the Rio Grande River captured the attention of Americans this week. We spoke with Michel Marizco, senior editor of KJZZ’s Fronteras Desk, about the photo and the state of the Southern border. He pointed out that “as summer heats up, these deaths will continue.” Also, 100 children were returned to a facility in Clint, Texas, whose conditions investigators called “substandard.” Acting Customs and Border Protection commissioner John Sanders resigned. And the Senate approved a $4.6 billion emergency humanitarian aid bill for the Southern border. Plus, former special counsel Robert Mueller is set to testify before the House Intelligence and Judiciary committees next month. What can we expect from his testimony? We get to all this and more. Text by Kathryn Fink. GUESTS Sheryl Gay Stolberg, Washington correspondent, The New York Times;  @sherylnyt Edward Luce, Chief U.S. columnist and commentator, Financial Times; his latest book is “The Retreat of Western Liberalism”; @EdwardGLuce Laura Barron-Lopez, National political reporter, Politico; @lbarronlopez For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Summer Movies: Going Nuclear

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When movies went nuclear they took us through every genre, every apocalypse and every nightmare scenario that made us duck and cover. Continuing of our summer movies series, we look at nuke flicks. Guest: Murray Horwitz, Director and COO of The American Film Institute Silver Theater and Cultural Center in Silver Spring, Md. NEAL CONAN, host:  And now, the next exciting episode of our Summer Movie Series, with an explosion and a little advice for any would-be hackers out there. Do not challenge a super-secret computer to play anything other than chess.  (Soundbite of movie "War Games")  Mr. JAMES ACKERMAN: (As Joshua) Shall we play a game?  Mr. MATTHEW BRODERICK: (As David Lightman) Oh.  Ms. ALLY SHEEDY: (As Jennifer Mack) I think it missed him.  Mr. BRODERICK: (As David Lightman) Yeah. Weird, isn't it?  Ms. ALLY SHEEDY: (As Jennifer Mack) Yeah.  Mr. BRODERICK: (As David Lightman) Well, love to. How about global thermonuclear war?  CONAN: From "War Games," of course, 25 years ago. That's right. The bomb, the plot device that can serve almost any function and almost any type of movie, from terrifying catalyst to deus ex machina. When movies went nuclear, they took us through every genre, every apocalypse, pre and post, and every nightmare scenario that made us duck and cover. What nuclear nightmares get you up at night? Giant bugs? Plutonium in your Kool-Aid? Colonel Bat Guano?  Our phone number is 800-989-8255. Email us, talk@npr.org. You can send your nominees for best nuke flick to our blog at npr.org/blogofthenation. As always, we're joined in Studio 3A by our cinematic guide Murray "Megaton" Horwitz. He's the director and COO of the American Film Institute Silver Theatre and Cultural Center, which is here in the Washington, D.C., area. Murray, nice to have you back in the studio.  Mr. MURRAY HORWITZ (Director and COO, American Film Institute Silver Theatre and Cultural Center): Thank you. Good to be here. It's much better looking at you, Neal.  CONAN: Well, thanks very much for that. The first movies after - obviously after World War II, about the perils of radiation.  Mr. HORWITZ: That's right. And it - you know, I think for the first time, people sort of got the idea that the absolute destruction of the entire world, of life as we knew it, was actually possible. I mean, they had seen what had happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and so it became - I mean, this is going to sound like trivializing it, but it really did become a kind of convenient metaphor.  I mean, we are all human beings after all, living in the shadow of death, and the bomb makes it more proximate. So, it was really a good plot device. I must say, as we look through the list of movies, there's somebody I always consult, in addition to my colleagues at AFI, which is my son, Alex, a filmmaker. He said, Dad, you know, this would've been a lot easier to narrow down if nuclear films didn't describe half the motion pictures ever made since World War II.  (Soundbite of laughter)  CONAN: That's true. But there's an astonishing range of these pictures. I mean, from - there's essentially monster movies...  Mr. HORWITZ: Right.  CONAN: There's apocalypse movies. There's thrillers.  Mr. HORWITZ: That's right. And also, a great artistic range. I mean, you've got Oscar-caliber movies, like "Dr. Strangelove" and "Blue Sky," which won an Oscar for Jessica Lange, "Hiroshima Mon Amour," down to, you know, "The Amazing Colossal Man" and "Attack of the Crab Monsters" and things like that.  CONAN: Let's get some callers in on the conversation. 800-989-8255. Rosie's on the line. Rosie calling us up from Minocqua in Wisconsin.  ROSIE (Caller): Hi, fellows. Just wanted to say, since you mentioned in the prelude the "Godzilla," is there nothing better than the "Godzilla" movie with a baby Godzilla blowing the smoke rings. trying to learn to blow fire.  (Soundbite of laughter)  CONAN: Well, that's not the original, but the "Godzilla" - you know, the original "Godzilla" is looked on as a campy, scary monster movie. But the 1954 Japanese original is more than just screams, but there are a lot of screams.  Mr. HORWITZ: That's right.  (Soundbite of movie "Godzilla")  (Soundbite of screaming)  CONAN: And Murray, American viewers wonder, how did Perry Mason get in this movie?  Mr. HORWITZ: Right. That's right. Well, that's "Gojira," as I guess we're bound to call it. I don't know, Rosie. I think the original "Godzilla" - if you've not seen it without Raymond Burr, who was later sliced into it by American distributors - is really quite something. I mean, it's a very, very good movie. It's a very eloquent movie, even though, you know, a lot of it was done on the cheap. It's one of those movies that falls into the category of the effect of the bomb.  I mean, there is, as you said, Neal, the bomb in the background, the bomb as threat, the effects of the bomb. And then, there are films about nuclear power, which is a whole another thing. But you know, we got to specify - an

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Stories: 1) 'The Sopranos' Takes One Last Hit 2) Joseph Gannascoli 3) Lorraine Bracco Goes 'On the Couch' 4) 'Grindhouse' Goes for Schlock Value


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Question: You Can't Hit Unsend

Social media sites offer quick and easy ways to share ideas, crack jokes, find old friends. They can make us feel part of something big and wonderful and fast-moving. But the things we post don't go away. And they can come back to haunt us. This week, we explore how one teenager's social media posts destroyed a golden opportunity he'd worked for all his life. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: Un-Friendly, We Are The 95 percent, and To Be Or Not To Be A Hoarder.