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Question: When The President Speaks With A World Leader, Who Else Is On The Call?

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Joel Willett, who was on the National Security Council at the White House, describes the process of taking notes during calls the president makes, and why they are recorded this way.

Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

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In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: The Big Screen from 91.7 WVXU

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Fewshot example: "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "The recent financial upheaval on Wall Street has trickled down to the Bronx School of Law and Finance.  We find out how finance teacher Lena Borst explains the economic lessons of the current crisis to her students. ALEX COHEN, host:  This week's news isn't just rattling investors. It's also providing an interesting lesson for those studying the economy. Lena Borst teaches high schoolers at the Bronx School for Law and Finance.   Ms. LENA BORST (Teacher, The Bronx School for Law and Finance): It was one of those times that we call teachable moments, where current events just takes over whatever curriculum you are.  And they can learn so much more from what they're actually seeing in the news than anything in the textbook at that point.   COHEN: Her lesson plan for Monday morning was supposed to focus on investment plans and planning for the students' financial future.   Ms. BORST: So all of a sudden, we have the Lehman Brothers declaring bankruptcy. The juniors that I was teaching that day are just coming into the finance program.  So for a lot of them, all of this is new information. So a lot of that was, why in the world is this happening? Why is the economy struggling so much? When will it pick up? What does this mean? Does this mean I'll ever have a job? Will it ever get better?   COHEN: And why weren't there more warning signs? The students are asking whether or not the government should step in to help struggling companies.   Ms. BORST: Especially some of the older ones realized that, hopefully, it is more of a cycle, that there will be recovery. They also understand that New York City is such a finance city, so they understand that some of those tax dollars go to their schools, things like that. So I asked one of them today, well, how do you feel about struggling in the finance world?  And she said, well, I still want to go into it, but it makes me very nervous. Like, I'm a lot more scared than I was before.   COHEN: Borst says her juniors and seniors are quickly realizing that sometimes, things don't always go according to plan. For instance, AIG and some of the other struggling companies usually offer internships to students at the Bronx School of Law and Finance.   Ms. BORST: We had students at AIG and Lehman Brothers both this summer. We had students at Deloitte and Touche, at KPMG. We had students at Bank of New York before. It makes them a little more nervous, too, because this is a big driver of the academy of finance at our school to be able to offer this internships, especially when they work hard, and they're now realizing that sometimes, it becomes a little harder to find those internships, too.   COHEN: Finally, we asked Lena Borst what she found most surprising about teaching during these interesting economic times.   Ms. BORST: That students who are 16, 17, 18 years old have such an interest in and awareness in finance at such a young age. I have a bunch of students that all want to be accountants and, they think accountancy is just the best thing ever. And I love that passion.   COHEN: Lena Borst, a teacher of finance and history at the Bronx School of Law and Finance. There is still an internship available at AIG next summer according to the company's website.   BRAND: Those students will need to travel. The listing is for an internship in Houston."]" == "['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details', 'How Do You Teach Economy Now?']"

Larry Thomas reviews the new George Clooney film, Michael Clayton.


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Question: Why Is It Important To Be Touched?

Part 5 of the TED Radio Hour episode The Five Senses About David Linden's TED Talk Neuroscientist David Linden thinks that of the five senses, touch is the most overlooked, and perhaps the most important for promoting psychological health. About David Linden Dr. David J. Linden is a professor in the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He served for many years as the Chief Editor of the Journal of Neurophysiology. He has written several books, including Touch: The Science of Hand, Heart and Mind.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


Question:
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------

Examples:
Provided: ['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr\n\n\nExamples:\n\nGiven Their Nearly 50-Year Friendship Stays Strong Thanks To Simple Gestures it matches with Editor\'s note: Diane Bezucha, who co-produced this interview, works for StoryCorps and is the daughter of Gary Bezucha.  Since the beginning, their friendship has grown out of simple gestures. The best friends met when Greg Klatkiewicz, now 71, started bumming cigarettes from Gary "Zooks" Bezucha, 70, on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus, where they were both physical therapy students in the 1970s.  Back then, Greg even introduced Gary to his future wife, Janet, a fellow PT student at the college. Together, they were the "the three amigos," said Gary. On Saturday, it will be five years since Janet\'s death. She died of cancer at age 64. At StoryCorps last year, Greg and Gary remembered Janet, and some of the many adventures they shared with her. Greg and Gary have taken many canoe and camping trips over the course of their friendship, often joined by Janet and Greg\'s wife, Deborah. On those trips, Greg kept daily notes — and they became memories relived when Janet was under hospice care. He read to her from one of his journals about one of their trips. The thoughtfulness of the act moved Gary. "I don\'t know if she heard you, but I did," Gary said. "I will never forget that." Audio produced for Morning Edition by Jey Born and Diane Bezucha. NPR\'s Emma Bowman adapted it for the web. StoryCorps is a national nonprofit that gives people the chance to interview friends and loved ones about their lives. These conversations are archived at the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, allowing participants to leave a legacy for future generations. Learn more, including how to interview someone in your life, at StoryCorps.org. but not with Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language', 'Video Pick Of The Week: Giant Pumpkins'] Match: ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Atlantic Giant pumpkins, when properly cared for, can grow as large as 1,600 pounds. But big pumpkins don't just grow on their own. Click the picture on the left for a Science Friday featured video. IRA FLATOW, host:  And now it's time for our weekly video Pick of the Week. What great video do we have up on our website today, and here to tell us about is Flora Lichtman. She is our video producer. Hi, Flora. Got something seasonal for us today?  FLORA LICHTMAN: In fact, we do.  FLATOW: Oh, goody.  LICHTMAN: This week we are getting into the fall spirit with a video on pumpkins. Now, it sounds kind of boring, pumpkins. But they're no ordinary pumpkins.  FLATOW: They are not.  LICHTMAN: They're humongous.  FLATOW: As the old Johnny Carlson line, how big are they?  LICHTMAN: Well, the pumpkin that we visit with the most in this video is about a thousand pounds.  FLATOW: Wow!  LICHTMAN: But that's just the tip of the iceberg. This breed of pumpkins, and it's just a different variety, can get up to - I think the world record is like 1,700 pounds. And you know, a one ton pumpkin is on the horizon, I hear.  FLATOW: Wow! And you visited a pumpkin farmer, and we're going to see this giant, humongous pumpkin.   Ms. LICHTMAN: Yes, we visited the farmer, and he told us some of his tricks for growing giant pumpkins, and then we go to a weigh-off, and that's where the excitement really starts.  FLATOW: All right, you Halloween folks and pumpkin growers, that's our Science Friday Pick of the Week at sciencefriday.com. It's there and you can see the pumpkin video. Thank you, Flora.  Ms. LICHTMAN: Thanks.  FLATOW: That's about all the time we have for today.  (Soundbite of acknowledgment)  FLATOW: If you want to go see our Pick of the Week at sciencefriday.com, while you're there, you can leave us an email, and you can also look at our other videos, dozens of others that Flora has put together, and also send us email from there and we're blogging and podcasting, and you can actually download those videos right to your - you know, like you do your podcast and make a podcast out of the video. So that's open to you also. I'm Ira Flatow in New York."] Hard Negative: ['', 'Stories: 1) Dan Fante: Reliving Addictions One Page At A Time 2) Hot Chip Brings Romance To The Dance Floor 3) Damon and Soderbergh, An Informative Pair 4) Two Movie Islands, One Worth Visiting']

Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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Question: Debating The European Model As Far-Right Parties Gain Strength

As we examine what the coming year may hold for various parts of the world, David Greene talks to David Rennie of The Economist magazine about the year ahead for Europe.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Attack On University In Pakistan Kills At Least 20. -- Fire At Dubai High-Rise Tower Is Blamed On Electrical Issue In Spotlight. And here are more early headlines: Coast Guard Suspends Search Off Hawaii For Missing Marines. (KHON-TV) Portland Demonstrators Tell Armed Group On Federal Land To Go Home. (KOPB) Global Selloff In Asian Markets Continues. (MarketWatch) Report: Kurd Militias Tearing Down Arab Homes In Iraq. (Amnesty International) ISIS Confirms Suspicion That "Jihadi John" Killed. (New York Times) U.S. Official Urges China To Show "Leadership" With North Korea. (Yonhap) Fairy Tales May Be Older Than Some Religions. (Discovery News) To Help Some Farmers, Coconut Trees Aren't Trees Anymore In Indian State. (AP)


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Question: Peter Sallis Of 'Wallace And Gromit' Fame Dies At 96

Millions around the world grew to know British actor Peter Sallis as the cheese-loving inventor Wallace in the Wallace and Gromit clay animation shorts and movies. In Nick Park's animation, Wallace was a tea-drinking man from Yorkshire who got into adventures with his dog, Gromit. Sallis died on Friday at the age of 96, according to his agents, Jonathan Altaras Associates in London. In a statement, the talent agency said:  "It is with sadness that we announce that our client Peter Sallis died peacefully, with his family by his side, at Denville Hall on Friday 2 June."  Denville Hall is a retirement home for actors. Sallis was 68 when he began doing the voice of Wallace. The BBC reports:  "Wallace and Gromit creator Nick Park led tributes to Sallis, describing him as a 'unique character.' " 'I'm so sad, but feel so grateful and privileged to have known and worked with Peter over so many years. He was always my first and only choice for Wallace,' Park said in a statement. " 'Working with him was always a delight and I will miss his wry, unpredictable humour and silliness — that started the moment he greeted you at the door, and didn't stop when the mic was switched off.' "Park added: 'Peter had naturally funny bones and was a great storyteller and raconteur off stage too and would keep us amused for hours.' "  Long before Wallace and Gromit, Sallis was an established actor and known in Britain for the long-running sitcom Last of the Summer Wine. Sallis played Norman "Cleggy" Clegg from the first episode in 1973 until the series ended in 2010. He was the only actor to appear in all 295 episodes of the sitcom. The Wallace and Gromit films won three Oscars, and the BBC reports Sallis often spoke about how glad he was to have such success late in life.  " 'It is pleasing knowing millions are going to see your work and enjoy it,' he said. 'To still be involved in a project like this at my age is heartwarming. " 'To have a legacy like this is very comforting. I am very lucky to have been involved.' "

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Fed Watchers Expect Short-Term Interest Rates To Rise Soon. -- An Obama-Backed Change At Voice Of America Has Trump Critics Worried. -- A Year Later, Unfiltered Flint Tap Water Is Still Unsafe To Drink. And here are more early headlines: Evacuation Of Civilians Delayed In Aleppo; Fighting Resumes. (Telegraph) Trump To Meet With Tech Industry Leaders Today. (Recode) Dangerous Wind Chills Persist In Upper Plains. (Weather.gov) Philippines President Says He Killed Suspects To Show Police. (Guardian) Actor Alan Thicke Dies; Starred On "Growing Pains". (Los Angeles Times) National Film Registry Adds "Thelma And Louise", "Lion King", Others. (Variety) On 4th Anniversary Of Sandy Hook Shootings, 15 Minutes Of Silence. (AP)


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Question: Health Cost Increases

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-- NPR's Patricia Neighmond reports economists are predicting that after several years of almost static insurance costs, large increases in premiums are only around the corner.

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Criminal Charges in HP Spying Scandal. CDC Study Shows Health Effects of Perchlorate. End Music.


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Question: Nobel Peace Prize Winner Wangari Matthai

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A discussion with Nobel Peace Prize-winning biologist Wangari Matthai. (pre-recorded)

Stories: 1) Veteran Peacemakers O'Malley, Maharaj on Iraq 2) Nuala O'Faolain, Journalist and Author, Dead at 68


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Question: The Microwave Miracle Of Cooking In Mugs

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Lunchtime is around the corner, and your tummy is rumbling. If you've got a microwave, a mug and a few basic ingredients, you can cook up a meal right in the office. Morning Edition's David Greene recently started microwaving scrambled eggs in a mug for those early mornings on hosting duties. It led him to wonder about the other possibilities of this culinary art. So he turned to Washington Post Food and Travel Editor Joe Yonan for help expanding his mug menu. "The mug gauntlet was laid down in front of me, and so I picked it up and decided to do a mac and cheese," says Yonan, who writes the "Cooking for One" column. When he joined Greene in the NPR offices to demonstrate his recipes (below) for mac and cheese and brownies, the steps were pretty straightforward: Put some things in a mug, nuke for a bit, add more things, stir, and finish nuking. It doesn't get much easier than that, folks. But whatever you decide to whip up, there's one thing you need to remember: Things get really hot in the microwave. "They're not just getting heat from the surface that they're in contact with, like a pan would on the stove. They're heating from the inside out," Yonan explains. "All their molecules are all excited, and the whole thing is kind of exploding inside, so you have to be careful." Also, don't cook anything with fish. Do that, and you might get kicked out of the building because the smell will seep into every corner. Yonan says a lot of people think microwaving is a lesser form of cooking. There are plenty of people who just reheat things and make popcorn, "but the microwave is incredibly versatile, and I think people have realized that." So go wild and experiment with whatever happens to be in the fridge today. Just don't steal somebody else's lunch. Recipe: Mac And Cheese With Mushrooms In An Office Mug (based on a recipe on the Kitchn) 1/2 cup macaroni pasta 1/2 cup water 2 tablespoons dried shiitake mushrooms, crumbled (optional) Pinch of salt 3 tablespoons whole milk 1/4 cup grated sharp cheddar cheese 2 tablespoons roasted tomato salsa (or your favorite store-bought salsa) 1 teaspoon flour Combine the pasta, water and salt in a large microwave-safe mug. Set it on a paper towel and microwave on high in 2-minute intervals, stirring in between, until the pasta is just short of tender (al dente. This should take 4 to 8 minutes, depending on the wattage of your microwave. (The water will foam up and possibly spill slightly over the mug, but the pasta and mushrooms should stay put.) If the mug dries out before the pasta is cooked, add another 2 tablespoons of water before continuing to microwave until the pasta is al dente. Stir in the milk, cheese, salsa and flour. Microwave on high in 30-second intervals, stirring in between, until the cheese has melted and a creamy sauce has formed. Let cool slightly and eat. For something more basic, leave out the mushrooms. You can also take it in the other direction and add all sorts of other ingredients, depending on what's in your office fridge: pesto, leftover meat, Sriracha, kimchi. From Washington Post Food and Travel editor Joe Yonan. Recipe: Brownie In An Office Mug This is Washington Post Food and Travel editor Joe Yonan's tarted-up take on the many microwave-brownie-in-a-mug recipes circulating on the Internet, and it results in a fudgy, deeply chocolate flavored confection that would be improved only by a little ice cream. To make something more stripped down, you can leave out the instant espresso, dried cherries, chocolate chips and almonds and still get an excellent, if less sophisticated, result. 1 tablespoon butter 1 tablespoon almond butter (may substitute peanut butter or Nutella) 2 tablespoons whole milk 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 tablespoons flour 2 tablespoons sugar 2 tablespoons natural unsweetened cocoa powder 1 teaspoon instant espresso powder (optional) 1 tablespoon dried cherries (optional) Pinch of salt 1 tablespoon bittersweet chocolate chips or pieces of a chocolate bar (optional) 1 tablespoon slivered almonds (optional) 1 tablespoon slivered almonds Combine the butter, almond butter, milk and vanilla in a large microwave-safe mug, and microwave on high until the butter melts, 30 to 60 seconds. Stir with a fork to break up the almond butter and thoroughly combine. Sprinkle in the flour, sugar, cocoa powder, instant espresso, cherries and salt, and stir to combine. Sprinkle chocolate chips on top. Microwave on high for about 1 minute, until the butter has firmed up on top and the chocolate has melted. Sprinkle with almonds, let cool slightly, and eat. STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:  OK, for most of us the microwave oven is a shortcut in the kitchen. Our colleague David Greene views the microwave as a serious culinary tool. He talked about this with Joe Yonan, author of the Cooking for One column at The Washington Post. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) DAVID GREENE, HOST:  So Joe, thanks for coming by and doing this with us. JOE YONAN: Sure. GREENE: Can I tell you ho

Stories: 1) Ruth Reichl: Dining In Disguise And Going 'Gourmet' 2) 'Kitchen Science': The Dinner Is In The Details


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Question: Rep. Greg Walden On Drug Pricing

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NPR's Leila Fadel speaks with Oregon Rep. Greg Walden about Congress' failure to pass legislation in 2019 to lower the cost of prescription drugs for Americans.

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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New Research on Crops and CO2

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New research into crops and carbon dioxide levels suggests more carbon dioxide may not help plants grow better.  Guest:  Donald Ort, professor of plant biology; research leader, USDA/ARS Photosynthesis Research Unit; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign IRA FLATOW, host:  I'm Ira Flatow. This is TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News.  You know, if there's an upside - if there's a silver lining to the specter of global warming, it's always been the possibility that increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere might be a good thing, at least for plants and crops, because you know, after all, plants, they eat CO2, they need it to grow. So maybe at least, well - well, global warming might bring greater crop yields in addition to the rising sea levels.  Well, research published this week in the journal Science says that that outlook may be a bit too optimistic, that CO2 may not be as much of a boon to agriculture as those other estimates say.  Joining me now to talk about this is one of the authors of the report, Don Ort. He's professor of plant biology and the research leader of the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Photosynthesis Research Unit, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Thank you for joining us, Dr. Ort. Sorry, I had to get that long mouthful out.  Professor DONALD ORT (University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana): You did pretty well. It's pleasure to be here.  FLATOW: But you work with photosynthesis. That's very interesting.  Prof. ORT: Yes, that's correct.  FLATOW: Boy, if we could just harness - how close are we to ever harnessing photosynthesis, to make it really work for us instead of just the plants? Anywhere close to getting that?  Prof. ORT: Well, I think that we are harnessing photosynthesis in many ways. For example, there are things like ethanol that we find in our gasolines that are certainly directly harnessing photosynthesis. For fuels there's bio-diesel.   In terms of artificial systems where we might make electricity directly, I think we're still pretty far from that - probably decades.   FLATOW: Alright, now that I take that journey, let me make a u-turn and bring us back to what we were going to talk about originally and that is, you found that additional - additional carbon dioxide didn't have as big an effect as was thought. Explain to us the theory here and what you found.  Prof. ORT: Well, as many of your listeners may know, CO2 has increased in the atmosphere. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, it was about 260 parts per million. That's increased today to about 380, and by the middle of the century it's projected to be about 550.   And so this CO2 increase brings along with it some factors of global change. One that is well-known is global warming, and the other one that really impacts on agriculture is changing precipitation patterns.  And it had been thought, based on models that have been run, that the two things that are probably bad for agriculture, which is, when averaged across the world, increase in temperature and the changing precipitation patterns, would be cancelled out, or maybe even more than cancelled out, by the beneficial effect of CO2, and CO2 enhances photosynthesis directly in many kinds of plants, and in virtually all kinds of plants it allows them to use water more efficiently.  And what we have shown in this study and our analysis is that the parameterization of these models - that is, the values that have been put into these models to come up with these predictions - have been largely based on studies that have been done in relatively small chambers. And the reason for this is, it's pretty difficult to mimic the atmospheres at 2050 under real field conditions.  FLATOW: S, you mean these studies are done in the closed greenhouse someplace instead of outside on the field?  Prof. ORT: They're not actually greenhouses; they tend to be small chambers that are out in the field, maybe two meters in diameter where CO2 can be elevated, it can be controlled, and they often have open tops. Nonetheless, they're not like the field.  But more recently, there has been technology developed where under field conditions we can mimic the atmospheres in terms of the gas in the atmosphere of 2050 under actual field conditions. These are pretty expensive experiments. They're experiments that have a big land footprint, and so they've only been done on agricultural crops in three different places in the world, Urbana, Illinois being one of them, where we've looked at corn and soybean. Rice and wheat have been looked at - or rice has been looked at in Japan. Wheat and sorghum have been looked at in Arizona.  FLATOW: And you found?  Prof. ORT: And we found - after all that - we found that when you look under true field conditions in the real world, the stimulation that you see in yield is roughly half of that that was projected from the chamber studies.  And so, one of the big take-home messages of our study and our analysis is th

Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


Question:
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E.g. given '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'New Look For Cigarettes? FDA Proposes Graphic Warnings On Packages And Ads']' it should be close to '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'For years, American smokers have been spared the unpleasant images of gangrene infected feet, swollen tongues overtaken by cancerous tumors and blackened lungs that are often plastered onto packs of cigarettes sold around the world. But that momentary reprieve before lighting up may only last a few more years.  The Food and Drug Administration on Thursday rolled out a proposed rule to require tobacco companies to include graphic warnings on cigarette packages and tobacco ads with the aim of promoting "greater public understanding of the negative health consequences of smoking," the agency said in a statement.  The photo-realistic images and detailed health risk warnings, which would replace the standard Surgeon General\'s warnings, were mandated under a 2009 law that requires the agency to include new warning labels about smoking\'s negative health effects. But the tobacco industry successfully blocked the FDA\'s rule intended to require such labeling in court. They won a lawsuit that claimed the proposed labels were scare tactics. In the end, a federal court determined that the agency\'s rule violated the First Amendment.  This time around, however, acting FDA commissioner Ned Sharpless told reporters that the 13 warnings the agency plans to plaster on cigarette packs, hew close to the factual dangers of smoking.  "While most people assume, in this day and age, that the harms of smoking are pretty well understood by the public, this is not true," Sharpless said, adding that the existing warning from the Surgeon General that is currently on cigarette packaging has "become virtually invisible" to smokers.  To combat that, the new proposed warnings highlight lesser-known health issues such as blindness, impotence and diabetes, which many people don\'t realize can be caused by cigarette smoking.  "With these new proposed cigarette health warnings, we have an enormous public health opportunity to fulfill our statutory mandate and increase the public\'s understanding of the full scope of serious negative health consequences of cigarette smoking," Sharpless added in a written statement.  "Given that tobacco use is still the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the U.S., there\'s a lot at stake to ensure the public understands these risks."  Erika Sward, assistant vice president of national advocacy for the American Lung Association, told NPR\'s Richard Harris, the warnings are "critically needed and long overdue."   The organization sued the FDA to compel it to produce warning labels after the agency\'s first efforts failed.  In an emailed statement, the ALA cited research showing that graphic warnings are "effective in preventing children from starting to smoke, and motivating current smokers to quit for good."  Meanwhile, tobacco companies say they are reviewing the FDA\'s proposed rule.  "We firmly support public awareness of the harms of smoking cigarettes, but the manner in which those messages are delivered to the public cannot run afoul of the First Amendment protections that apply to all speakers, including cigarette manufacturers," Kaelan Hollon, a spokeswoman for Reynolds American Inc., the parent company of R.J. Reynolds, said in an emailed statement.  "[It] is important for FDA to focus on providing information that can produce health benefits for the public, not merely reiterating well-known messages that smoking is dangerous, which the public already understands," Hollon added.    Meanwhile, advocates are bracing for more legal challenges to the labeling requirements, which would mark the first update in 35 years to required warnings on cigarette packaging and in tobacco advertising. The earliest they could show up in stores and on billboards is the summer of 2021.']' but not to '['Represent text', "Good Thursday morning, here are our early stories: In Israel And Gaza Strip: More Explosions, Deaths On Both Sides. BP Expected To Plead Guilty, Pay Record Fine In Gulf Oil Spill Criminal Case. And here are more headlines: Gen. Petraeus Agrees To Testify Before Congress On Benghazi Attack. (Los Angeles Times) Home Foreclosures Up In Oct., But Fall From Last Year's Level. (Reuters) Eurozone Countries Plunge Back Into Recession. (BBC) Ill Indian Woman Denied Abortion In Ireland, Dies. (AFP) Colorado Theater Shooting Suspect In Hospital After Ramming Head Into Jail Wall. (Denver Post) States Face Friday Deadline On Whether To Run Health Insurance Exchanges. (McClatchy Newspapers) Ecuador To Kill Millions Of Rats To Preserve Galapagos Islands Rare Species. (AP) World's Biggest Liar Contest Coming In England: Politicians, Lawyers Not Allowed. (AP)"]'.

Question: Top Stories: Thailand Political Crisis; Border Patrol Complaints

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Thai Court Removes Prime Minister Yingluck From Office. -- Report Details Hundreds Of Complaints Against U.S. Border Agents. And here are more early headlines: Tea Party Candidates Lose GOP Primaries. (Politico) New Kidnappings Of Girls Reported In Nigeria. (New York Times) Fed Chair Yellen Opens Two Days Of Congressional Testimony. (MarketWatch) Obama To Tour Arkansas Tornado Damage Today. (USA Today) China Plants Ocean Oil Rig In Waters Claimed By Vietnam. (VOA) Next Round Of India's Election Is Underway. (Reuters) South Africa Election Includes Voters Born After Apartheid. (Telegraph) Cruise Ship May Have Hit Whale In New York Harbor. (WNBC)

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Focus On Infants During Childbirth Leaves U.S. Moms In Danger. -- DHS Considers Carry-On Laptop Ban On Flights From Europe. -- Judge Orders Charges Brought Against Amtrak Engineer, Reversing Prosecutors' Decision. -- After Conflict-Of Interest Flap, No China Meetings For Kushner Companies This Weekend. -- Sessions Tells Prosecutors To Seek 'Most Serious' Charges, Stricter Sentences. And here are more early headlines: Suspected Tornado, Huge Hail Strike Oklahoma, No Injuries. (Weather.com) Justice Dept. Investigating Fatal Police Shooting Of Texas Teen. (Reuters) Brazil Calls End To Zika Emergency As Cases Drop. (Deutsche Welle) Venezuelan Military Members Arrested; Protests Continue. (AP) Dutch Group To Start Cleaning Up Huge Ocean Garbage Patch. (VOA) Malaysian Firefighters Rescue Turtle Stuck In Grate. (AP) Zimbabwean Leader Not Asleep; Just "Resting" Eyes. (BBC)


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Question: Natural North Dakota

Chuck Lura of Dakota College at Bottineau, North Dakota, gives us something to watch or listen for in the natural world of North Dakota.

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: 'The Motley Fool Take'

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David and Tom Gardner talk about three stocks for spring that could be good investments, and worth a closer look from investors -- Jet Blue, Fresh Del Monte and Pixar.

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Stories: 1) Denis Leary, the Renaissance Man of 'Rescue Me' 2) One Ring to Rule Them: 'Ice Cream' Songs Hit Big


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

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Barack Obama breaks with his past; President Bush does not have a magic wand; you're 15, you're beautiful, but those photos are just wrong.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Bills...Casinos... And Staffers!

After a Memorial Day hiatus, we¿re back for our weekly wrap-up of the week in California politics.
This week: Bill deadlines in the Legislature as moderate Dems seem to prevail¿ Barstow casino deals go to extra innings in the Capitol¿ and a look at Arnold¿s well-paid army of aides.
As always, with John Myers, Kate [...]

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Justice Department Drops Charge That FedEx Shipped For Illegal Pharmacies

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The Department of Justice asked a federal judge to end an ongoing trial of FedEx in San Francisco, but didn't specify a reason. The Associated Press reports the judge halted the trial which began on Monday. A grand jury indicted the company in 2014, for allegedly shipping packages from illegal online pharmacies. NPR's Carrie Johnson reported in 2014 that FedEx was, "accused of conspiring to distribute prescription drugs to people who never met with doctors — a violation of the Controlled Substances Act." FedEx has maintained its innocence, and in a statement after the charges were dropped, spokesman Patrick Fitzgerald said:  "FedEx is and has always been innocent. The case should never have been brought. The government should take a very hard look at how they made the tremendously poor decision to file these charges. Many companies would not have had the courage or the resources to defend themselves against false charges. The power of the government was greatly misused when the case was initiated, but the government's integrity was redeemed by the decision to dismiss the charges today."  Prosecutors had alleged that the shipping company knew such pharmacies were sending packages through FedEx, and said it had evidence that FedEx took steps to protect itself from losing money if the police shut down the pharmacy sites, according to USA Today. The AP reports:  "In court on Friday, [U.S. District Court Judge Charles] Breyer said FedEx was 'factually innocent.' He said the company repeatedly asked the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration to give it the name of a customer that was shipping illegal drugs so it could stop working with the person, but the agency was either unwilling or unable to do so. " 'The dismissal is an act, in the court's view, entirely consistent with the government's overarching obligation to seek justice even at the expense of some embarrassment,' he said, according to a transcript of the hearing."  This is not the first legal scuffle between the federal government and companies that ship online purchases. NPR's Yuki Noguchi reports that in 2013, UPS paid a $40 million fine to settle similar charges.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No End In Sight As Government Shutdown Begins. -- Obama: 'Perpetual Cycle Of Brinksmanship ... Has To End.' -- In Talk Of Shutdown, A Familiar Feeling At The White House. And here are more early headlines: Despite Government Shutdown, Obamacare Opens Enrollment Today. (Reuters) Israeli Prime Minister Visits U.N. Today, Warning Against Iran. (CBS) U.S. Diplomats Expelled From Venezuela For 'Sabotage'. (CNN) Bangladesh Sentences Opposition Leader To Death For War Crimes. (BBC) Greece Cracks Down On Far Right Party Accused Of Murder, Corruption. (Guardian) Jury Seated In Insider Trading Trial Of Dallas Mavericks Owner. (New York Times) UC Berkeley Blast May Be Linked To Underground Copper Theft. (San Jose Mercury News) Police Catch Thief Sprayed With Liquid That Glows In Ultraviolet Light. (Reuters)


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

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Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


Question: Nanotechnology Research and Development

Guest: Irfan Ahmad, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the University of Illinois; Mark A. Shannon, Director of the Center of Advanced Materials for Purification of Water With Systems Center; Dietram A. Scheufele, Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Life Sciences Communication at the University of Wisconsin

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EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: First Listen: Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross, 'Gone Girl (Motion Picture Soundtrack)'

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When British musician, film composer and audio engineer Atticus Ross found his band 12 Rounds signed to Trent Reznor's now-defunct Nothing Records, it proved to be a windfall for both artists. While the 12 Rounds album Reznor helped produce was left unfinished, Ross soon found himself working within Nine Inch Nails as the group experienced an early-21st-century renaissance, starting with 2005's With Teeth and stretching to the present. Around that time, director David Fincher found himself cutting an early version of his 2010 film The Social Network to NIN's disquieting ambient album Ghosts I-IV, then convinced Reznor and Ross to record his film's music. Awards and accolades have followed. Gone Girl marks the third soundtrack collaboration between Reznor and Ross with Fincher, a synthesis of cinema and sound that's starting to prove as fruitful as those of Alfred Hitchcock and Bernard Herrmann, Sergio Leone and Ennio Morricone, or Akira Kurosawa and Toru Takemitsu. While The Social Network's Oscar-winning score teems and throbs like overstimulated thought and The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo (which won a Grammy) pulses with icy drones befitting its heroine, Gone Girl again fits its story's mood to perfection. Only this time, the plot focuses on married couple Nick and Amy Elliott-Dunne and their seemingly placid life in the suburbs of Missouri. As Fincher recently told The Wall Street Journal, he found himself getting his back adjusted at a spa and had a revelation: "I was listening to that calming, placating music and thought, 'We need to tap into this.' The movie is about the facade of the good neighbor, the good Christian, the good wife." So the Reznor/Ross score skates across that placid surface with its gorgeous opening theme. For the early part of the soundtrack, gentle, New Age-esque themes like "Sugar Storm" seem to drift past unperturbed. But no matter how relaxing these motifs might sound, there's always a shadow just beneath the bright surface. What can start off sounding like a picnic in the park quickly reveals a black sky. With the carefully crafted tones of Reznor and Ross, sparse and quiet themes soon deteriorate, turning barren and desolate in "Background Noise." Ambient beauties like "Appearances" materialize along the way, while the piano-led "Just Like You" might be Reznor's most beautiful and fragile melody to date. But when the piano becomes submerged in electronic noise — as in "Secrets," "Still Gone" and the thunderous "Consummation" — the duo's motives become more evident. Reznor and Ross relish being at their most beauteous, knowing that it'll make the brutal moments of Gone Girl all the more harrowing.

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Tobacco: "Stretch Your Face" from 'Maniac Meat' Jack Rose: "Luck In The Valley" from 'Luck In The Valley' Glasser: "Apply" from 'Ring' Khaira Arby: "Djaba" from 'Timbuktu Tarab' Mount Kimbie: "Before I Move Off" from 'Crooks and Lovers' Dean and Britta: "I'll Keep It With Mine" from '13 Most Beautiful: Songs For Andy Warhol's Screen Test' Aloe Blacc: "Femme Fatale" from 'Good Things' Tame Impala: "The Bold Arrow Of Time" from 'Innerspeaker'


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

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Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: The War on Junk Food; A Slap in Madison; and Dinner with All the President's Friends.

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Question: Filmically Perfect: "DOUBLE INDEMNITY" (1944)

Phyllis (Stanwyck): There's a speed limit in this state, Mr. Neff. 45 miles an hour.  Walter (MacMurray): How fast was I going, officer?  Phyllis: I'd say around 90.  Walter: Suppose you get down off your motorcycle and give me a ticket.

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Film critic DAVID THOMSON and filmmaker and director JAMES TOBACK. They interview each other for a revival of round table discussion at "Spoken Word at the Algonquin" in New York city's famous Algonquin Hotel, and discuss the state of moviemaking and movie criticism today. THOMSON's latest book is "Beneath Mulholland: Thoughts on Hollywood and its Ghosts" (Knopf). TOBACK directed the movies "Fingers," "Exposed," and "The Pick up Artist." (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:


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Question: Democratic Strategist and Congressman Rahm Emanuel

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Rahm Emanuel, an Illinois congressman and chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, explains his plan for the future of the Democratic Party and the broader American political system. Emanuel is a former senior advisor to Bill Clinton and co-author of "The Plan: Big Ideas for America." [pre-recorded]

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Guard Against 'Technological Surprise' Turns 50

A tiny government agency you may never have heard of turns 50 this week. But if you use the Internet, you may be interested. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency was set up after the Soviet Union beat the U.S. into space with Sputnik. Its mission was to prevent "technological surprise."  The agency funds "high-risk" ideas and is most famous for creating the blueprint for the Internet. Among its current projects, the Washington Post reports, is a speech translation system that would let soldiers go anywhere in the world and, using a headset, understand the people around them. STEVE INSKEEP, host:  And our last word in business technology today is a happy anniversary wish to a tiny government agency that you may never have heard, but if you use the Internet, it affects you.  The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency turns 50 this week. It's known as DARPA. The agency was set up after the Soviet Union beat the U.S. into space with Sputnik, the satellite. DARPA's mission was to prevent technological surprise.   The agency funds what are considered high-risk ideas, and it's most famous for creating the blueprint for we now know as the Internet.  Among its current projects, the Washington Post reports, is a speech translation system that would in theory allow soldiers go anywhere in the world and use a headset to understand any people around them.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Bush's Authority: Bleeding from a Thousand Cuts

This is how a presidency loses its momentum and authority: Not by a single defeat or frustration, but by a thousand cuts -- a host of misdeeds by a cast of minor miscreants. "Miscreant" was one of several terms applied to government attorney Carla J. Martin this week by Justice Department lawyers trying to secure the death penalty for Zacarias Moussaoui. Because of Martin's pre-trial coaching of witnesses, the judge threw out half the government's case. That means the only person to be charged in the U.S. in connection with the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, is now far less likely to face the death penalty. The families of the victims are incensed. Martin is but the latest in a cavalcade of government officials who have been pilloried recently. Martin's fall came right after that of Claude R. Allen, the president's former domestic policy adviser, who made headlines days earlier with his arrest for attempting to defraud two department stores.   The previous week, the goat was Michael Chertoff, the secretary of homeland security (and Martin's boss), who had taken over as the main whipping boy for Hurricane Katrina.  The previous occupant of that slot was Michael Brown, former director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, whom the White House excoriated this week for circumventing the proper chain of command after the storm hit. The Katrina Team had been sharing time in the penalty box with the folks at the Treasury Department who left the White House in the dark about Dubai Ports World taking over some operations at six U.S. ports. Treasury saw no problem with an Arab government owning the rights to cargo handling in New York Harbor (among others). That judgment might well have been correct, but more than two-thirds of the country (and the Congress) saw it differently. That episode has lowered President Bush's approval rating to new lows and eroded even his standing on matters of national security. How easy rests the head of Treasury Secretary John Snow in such times? Also taking lumps of late is Mark McClellan, who took over running Medicare in time to implement the Part D prescription drug program. It was supposed to convince seniors that President Bush was their new best friend, and it may well have helped his re-election. But with the program now in place, widespread dissatisfaction is creating a problem almost as intractable as the occupation of Iraq. McClellan's brother, Scott, meanwhile is still the embattled press secretary for the White House, although he is one of several high-profile aides rumored to be on their way out. Small wonder, given the awful press the president has received over the past six months and the deterioration in McClellan's ability to josh and parry with the press. Actually, in just the last month, the Bush administration guy who's lost the most dignity is the Vice President of the United States, Dick Cheney, who provided a season's worth of joke material by spraying a Texas hunting buddy with birdshot. That incident followed reports that Cheney had allowed the declassifying of secret information through his former chief of staff, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby. The former topsider is now awaiting trial for perjury and other charges arising from the exposure of a CIA undercover operative, Valerie Plame, back in 2003.  You can say this is all a string of bad luck. And it's true that every two-term presidency develops personnel problems sooner or later. But there's something more than coincidence at work when so many people once promoted for their competence and professionalism suddenly find their reputations in tatters. We have seen this movie in previous administrations, but this time the turnaround seems particularly dramatic. One reason may be that the sense of national crisis that animated the Bush administration after September 2001 is finally running its natural course. For many months, the president remained aloft, well above 70 percent approval in the polls. But with more time, and three years of war, the confidence people had in the administration has waned.   Unfortunately for the president, many of his operatives have not adjusted the way they do business to acknowledge this new reality. Moves they got away with before are getting them in trouble now.   And, remarkably enough, there are still 34 months to go until the next president takes the oath of office.

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Stories: 1) Linda Bilmes on Our 'Three Trillion Dollar War' 2) Joseph Stiglitz on Our 'Three Trillion Dollar War' 3) A 'Brighter' Album from the Drive-By Truckers


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Question: Watch Lizz Wright Perform 'Strange Fruit' In Honor Of Billie Holiday

represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details. To give you a sense - "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', '"Confessional" is a term often tossed around in discussions of singer-songwriters, but it\'s also one of the most misunderstood. In a recent interview, Mackenzie Scott, who makes music under the name Torres, called it "a four-letter word," common and pejorative, and overapplied to women in particular. But what does "confessional" even mean as an element of writing, considering that virtually every writer both taps into and goes beyond her own experience and insight in creating scenarios that others can comprehend? If Joni Mitchell was confessional when she wrote, "I met a woman, she had a mouth like yours," in a song about an ex-lover, isn\'t Bob Dylan, too, when he wails, "My warehouse eyes, my Arabian drums, should I leave them by your gate," about his ex-wife? Yet one is broadly considered a prophet, speaking for experience well beyond his own. The other, the woman, is categorized as more intimate; her equally poetic language has been dubbed something to identify with first, and only after doing so to call art. On her second album, Sprinter, Scott as Torres confronts the problem of confession head-on and proceeds to annihilate its boundaries. She does it by going back to the word\'s religious origins. Scott was raised Baptist and attended a nondenominational Christian university, and the songs on Sprinter shimmer with recollections of experiencing faith, even as they pulse with the energy of questioning it. Not every song here describes a sectarian encounter — some, like the daringly spare and slow "Ferris Wheel," are about romantic heartache, and Scott\'s autobiographical exploration of family themes informs some of Sprinter\'s most profound passages. (The eight-minute album closer "The Exchange" is the rawest and most telling account of an adopted child\'s struggle with loss that this adoptive mother has heard.) The title track, a rocker with a tense stop-start structure, describes a child enraptured and betrayed by an untrustworthy man of God who teaches herself how to run beyond the church\'s finish line. In the hymnlike "New Skin," all the nervousness of youthful transformation — this could be a baptism, psychoanalysis, or a more individual kind of self-exposure or coming out — builds toward a climax that\'s both triumphant and grave. "Son, You Are No Island" blends theology and sexual dread in a beautiful, gothic homage to one of the masters of such combinations, John Donne. In other songs not about strictly spiritual pursuits, Scott employs religious imagery in jarring, ravishing ways. The erotic dreaminess of "A Proper Polish Welcome" comes from juxtaposing an immigrant\'s tale with one of a lovers\' tryst; lines like "straddling the sea aboard a floating savior" intensify both stories. Like so many songwriters from Judee Sill to Patti Smith to Tori Amos to old Mr. Zimmerman, Scott commands the poetics of sanctification to cast holy light on the fallen world. Scott\'s skill and ambition as a lyricist thrills, especially given her young age, 24. But Sprinter goes far beyond her 2013 debut because of what she and her producer, Rob Ellis, have accomplished musically. Ellis is best known as the drummer and producer for PJ Harvey, and though Scott is more influenced by Brandi Carlisle and the National than by Polly Jean, there\'s no denying that the frameworks she and Ellis construct on Sprinter echo the majesty of classic albums like Rid of Me and To Bring You My Love. Scott is more contemplative than Harvey, not so frequently craving catharsis. Her songs risk calm in fascinating ways. Aided by Ellis, and by the guitarist Adrian Utley, who brings some of the atmospherics he developed within Portishead into play here, Scott creates as space that turns songwriterly confession sacramental. The drama of the Baptist public testimony mingles with the dark privacy of the Catholic shriving pew in music that dares to take on those riskiest attributes, seriousness and mystery. As part of a cohort of young women singer-songwriters as bold about emotions as they are eager to experiment — Sharon Van Etten, Erika M. Anderson of EMA, Katie Crutchfield of Waxahatchee, and Brittany Howard of Alabama Shakes, to name a few — Scott grasps the usefulness of songwriterly confession while continually pushing against its conventional confines. "I\'m no martyr," she sings deliberately as she dives into the perilous revelations of "The Exchange." She is not. Like her best peers and forebears, she is an evangelist of the personal, her music pulling out its grace. Her confessions further our enlightenment.']" should be close to "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR!', "Review: Torres, 'Sprinter'"]"

Lizz Wright stuns with a somber version of "Strange Fruit," made famous by Billie Holiday, during the 2019 NPR Music Turning the Tables opening concert at Lincoln Center. Watch the full Turning the Tables tribute to 8 Women Who Invented Popular Music, recorded live at Lincoln Center's Damrosch Park and read more about the series.

Stories: 1) Carol Leifer On Life, Comedy And Finding Love At 40 2) Jimmie Dale Gilmore: In Song, A Eulogy For Dad 3) Wayne And Darrell Scott: Father-Son Country 4) Branford Marsalis: On Jazz Fathers And Sons


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: At Twenty Years Old, Landmark Gun Law Weathers New World

The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act turns twenty years old on Friday. The law made background checks a requirement for gun purchases for licensed dealers. A lot has changed in two decades.

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Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: Tv Coverage Of Convention

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NPR's Brooke Gladstone reports on how television is covering the made-for-TV Republican Convention in San Diego. The GOP's tight control of its message has virtually eliminated the possibility of news. But different perspectives are getting out anyway via a range of telecasters -- from the broadcast networks to cable's GOP-TV, MTV and the Comedy Channel.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: 'Hyde Park': An FDR Portrait That's More Fiction Than Fact

This week, we've truth squadded the recent biopics Hitchcock and Argo, and today, we turn to Hyde Park on Hudson. The new film tells the story of a love affair between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his distant cousin Margaret "Daisy" Suckley. But how much of this is fact and how much is fiction? Geoffrey Ward, editor of the book Closest Companion: The Unknown Story of the Intimate Friendship Between Franklin Roosevelt and Margaret Suckley, evaluates the accuracy of Hyde Park with NPR's Robert Siegel.  Interview Highlights On Bill Murray's representation of FDR "Bill Murray is a wonderful actor and he's very funny and I've seen him be serious and terrific. [But] I thought he was very poor, I'm afraid. And I'm not sure it's his fault — I think it's partly the script, which is an odd script. He does a jaunty cigarette, and they did their best to make him look like [FDR], but he doesn't have the self-confidence that the actual man had, or the sort of upper-class self-confidence that was very important to Roosevelt." On how well the film captures the relationship between Roosevelt and his cousin Daisy, who is played by actress Laura Linney "Well, can I say first, Laura Linney is absolutely terrific in the film. Basically, I think they just get it wrong. Just to talk about the cottage that he [surprises Daisy with in the film] — they planned that cottage together. There are endless letters between the two of them about how they were going to arrange the rooms inside, and so on. So the whole notion that it was a surprise is silly. It's a very complicated, quite19th century relationship." On FDR and Daisy's romantic encounter in a car "It is true that they drove to a hilltop that they loved at some point in 1935, and that something happened on that hilltop. I think he kissed her — which meant a great deal to both of them. And it started a long, first flirtatious and then very fond friendship. But what happened in the film did not happen." On how the film treats FDR's polio "Well, I have a lot of views. I had polio myself, and I spent a lot of time studying [FDR's] life. And the movie has it upside down. First of all, he's seen doing all kinds of things in the film which he never could have done. He could not walk on crutches by himself. He couldn't walk with two canes, which he does in a particularly silly scene. And in order to stand, he had to be in braces, which went all the way up above his hips. And I don't understand why in the film they felt the need to get that wrong. They have something called a 'polio adviser' among the credits — he clearly had not done his homework." On the film's portrayal of the royal visit by the King and Queen of England to the Roosevelts' Hyde Park estate "The king and queen came because FDR pretty much insisted they come in order to demonstrate friendship between the United States and Britain, which was about to get into the war. And they had met in Washington before they ever meet in the film. But more importantly than that, they are portrayed as sort of — I don't know how else to say it — sort of cartoon people. They, at one point, they get out of the car on the way to Hyde Park and wave at a farmer, who doesn't bother to wave back. And it gets a laugh, but actually, hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of people lined the highway between New York and Hyde Park to see the king and queen go by. No king and queen had ever come here. "And then there's just a ludicrous conversation between Roosevelt and the king, in which FDR tells him that he is sorry that people don't ever mention that he had polio, and that they overlook it. Well, he spent his whole lifetime trying to keep people from knowing that he had polio. " On what the film got right "Not a lot, I'm afraid. You know, it's interesting for people to learn that the Roosevelt marriage was complicated. And, you know, Murray tries very hard. He comes off as a sort of henpecked, not very strong man, who in order to get women, shows them his stamp collection. Now, I would think stamp collectors all over the world would be thrilled to learn that if you wave a photo album at women they fall at your feet. This is not the experience I think of most stamp collectors. It's a very odd film." ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Robert Siegel. In theaters now, you can find not one but two presidents on the big screen, Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (SOUNDBITE OF MOVIE "HYDE PARK ON HUDSON") BILL MURRAY: (As FDR) I said that if private enterprise does not provide jobs this spring, government would take up the slack. We have all learned the lesson that government cannot afford to wait until it has lost the power to act. SIEGEL: That's actor Bill Murray as FDR in the new movie "Hyde Park on Hudson." It tells the story of a love affair between FDR and his distant cousin Margaret Suckley. But how much of this is fact and how much is fiction? Well, this week we're truth squadding some of these rece

Stories: 1) Alice Sebold's Dark Tale Moves To The Silver Screen 2) 'Hitler's Favorite Tenor' Hits A High Note 3) Remembering Thomas Hoving's Decade At The Met 4) Jackson's 'Bones': The Furthest Thing From Lovely


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Question: Fla. Gov. Crist Announces Independent Bid For Senate

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In the end, he didn't have that many choices. Florida Gov. Charlie Crist, in perhaps a last-ditch effort to keep his political career alive, announced Thursday that he would drop out of the Republican primary for an open Senate seat and run for the job with no party affiliation. Once the prohibitive favorite for the seat, Crist became a decided underdog after a series of both misjudgments and incidents that were out of his hands -- including an increasingly assertive, anti-Washington conservative mood within the GOP. Fall From Grace Friday was the deadline for Crist to decide whether to stay in the Aug. 24 primary, or leave the GOP and run as an independent.  Thursday, he chose the latter. It was a steep fall for someone long seen as a leading party figure, both in Florida and nationally. There are so many reasons for Crist's fall from grace, not the least of which was his early 2009 embrace of President Obama, who came to Fort Myers to sell his $787 billion economic stimulus program.  It was not, fair to say, a move that went over well with conservatives.  And it played perfectly into the hands of Marco Rubio, the former state House speaker also running for the Senate who enjoyed the backing of Tea Party activists.  (See my Feb. 11 Junkie post, "The Danger of Looking For Amanda Hugginkiss.") But it is far too simplistic to say it was just the Obama incident.  The right, especially after eight years of Gov. Jeb Bush, never thought of Crist as someone with conservative principles.  Many saw him as ambitious for the sake of ambition: run for state attorney general while thinking of running for governor ... run for governor while thinking of getting on the GOP ticket as vice president ... or, if that failed, run for the Senate.  When Sen. Mel Martinez (R), who had already announced his retirement, decided to quit the Senate altogether, Crist, in deciding whom to appoint, hosted a bizarre audition of leading Sunshine State Republicans, only to settle on George LeMieux, his longtime ally and former campaign manager.  And then, when Rubio began winning straw poll after straw poll, the Crist campaign hardly responded ... other than to dismiss the results outright, saying that they have tons more money than Rubio and that ultimately the vote that counts is the Aug. 24 primary. And, before we knew it, it was Rubio with the double-digit lead. GOP's Conservative Uprising Still, it's not completely fair to blame this all on Crist.  Obama became a deeply disliked/distrusted figure among conservatives, and while some in the GOP -- such as New Jersey's Chris Christie, Virginia's Bob McDonnell and Massachusetts' Scott Brown -- ran and won as fairly moderate candidates, both the congressional wing of the party and the newer group of candidates became more conservative.  The few Republicans who considered working across the aisle, such as Sens. Lindsey Graham (SC) and Bob Corker (TN), heard from angry party folks back home.  The Florida Republican Party that helped elect Crist to statewide office three times is not the Florida Republican Party of Thursday. It was not a situation limited to Florida.  Last fall, a historically Republican House seat in upstate New York fell to the Democrats in a special election because conservatives couldn't stomach the Republican candidate, Dede Scozzafava, who had socially moderate views that in the past would prevail in that part of the country. Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison, a Texas conservative who wanted to come home and become governor, came nowhere close in her bid to topple Rick Perry in the March primary because, well, Perry was far more conservative.  And Arizona Sen. John McCain tossed his maverick image over the cliff, perhaps forever, in adopting a much more harsh view of immigration ... probably because he faces a challenge in the primary by a much more conservative candidate. With victory in the primary all but hopeless -- scratch that, it was hopeless -- Crist started looking at an alternative.  A Quinnipiac poll in mid-May showed him leading both Rubio and likely Democratic nominee Kendrick Meek in a hypothetical three-way race.  But Crist had begun looking at an independent run well before that. Move Not Without Peril For Crist By taking Thursday's step, Charlie Crist faces a whole world of unknowns. Can he raise the money to be competitive?  (He was doing fine as a Republican, but the pipeline into GOP money is presumably shut.)  For that matter, after Thursday it's going to be difficult to imagine Crist enjoying even the limited support he has now among Republican voters.  For Crist to win in November -- and that is still not out of the realm of possibility -- he is going to have to make inroads with the Democrats.  There are still questions how well Meek, the African-American congressman from Miami, can perform statewide.  I'm sure Crist is looking at polling that discusses exa

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Bible As Official State Book? Tennessee's Governor Vetoes Bill. -- Obama Administration Issues New Rules For Offshore Drilling. And here are more early headlines: House GOP Squabbles, Will Miss Deadline To Pass Budget. (Washington Post) Deadly Earthquake Strikes Southern Japan. (Japan Times) North Korea's Attempted Medium Range Rocket Launch Fails. (USA Today) Defense Secretary To Visit U.S. Warship In South China Sea. (Reuters) Top Brazilian Court Allows Presidential Impeachment Vote To Proceed. (BBC) California Appeals Court Rules In Favor Of Teacher Tenure. (KPCC) Manson Follower, Leslie Van Houten, Recommended For Parole. (Los Angeles Times) Former N.Y. Gov. Pataki Endorses Kasich Ahead Of State's Primary. (CNN) Service Projects Commemorate 3rd Boston Marathon Bombing Anniversary. (AP)


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Believing What We See: The Covington Catholic Video And Competing Narratives

A viral video of white male teenagers surrounding Nathan Phillips, a member of the Omaha tribe went viral over the weekend. Nick Martin, writing for Splinter, said “that teenager in the video, standing so emboldened in front of Phillips, was doing exactly what he was taught to do, by his school, by his friends, by his country.”  But longer videos, released on Sunday, sparked a conversation about the context in which the original video was released. From BuzzFeed:  The videos piece together a chaotic, confusing, and tense encounter between the three groups, who have all said that they were targeted and standing up for themselves. Conservative sites have been citing Banyamyan’s video as an example of how the students’ behavior was taken out of context and arguing that the shorter videos sweeping across social media did not tell the full story.  Here’s another, unedited angle on what happened, from Indian Country Today.  For days now, the interpretations of these videos have become a political argument. Personal politics shape what some viewers say they see. Here’s Laura Wagner, writing for Deadspin.  One lesson of the past two days is that you will see what you want to see here, if you are determined to do so; that does not mean that there is anything to be seen but what is there. I see a frothing mass of MAGA youth—who, since we’re taking in all angles here, go to a school where students fairly recently wore blackface to a basketball game—frenzied and yelling and out of control. I see four black men who seem to belong to the Black Israelites—a threat to women in their orbit, but not to random white people they’re heckling—yelling insults at the students. Then I see Phillips, as he has stated from the beginning that he did, walk up to the teens, in what seems to be an attempt to diffuse the situation. I see them laughing and dancing, red MAGA hats bobbing up and down in glee. I see them yell in Phillips’ face, and I see that he doesn’t falter. I see the smugness of a group secure in its relative power over someone more vulnerable than they are. Nothing about the video showing the offensive language of Black Israelites changes how upsetting it was to see the Covington students, and Sandmann in particular, stare at Phillips with such contempt. I don’t see how you could watch this and think otherwise unless you’re willing to gaslight yourself, and others, in the service of granting undeserved sympathy to the privileged.  But some questioned why so much attention was paid to the video at all, as writer Julie Zimmerman put it, in The Atlantic:  The story is a Rorschach test—tell me how you first reacted, and I can probably tell where you live, who you voted for in 2016, and your general take on a list of other issues—but it shouldn’t be. Take away the video and tell me why millions of people care so much about an obnoxious group of high-school students protesting legalized abortion and a small circle of American Indians protesting centuries of mistreatment who were briefly locked in a tense standoff. Take away Twitter and Facebook and explain why total strangers care so much about people they don’t know in a confrontation they didn’t witness. Why are we all so primed for outrage, and what if the thousands of words and countless hours spent on this had been directed toward something consequential?  This is just a sampling of the many, many takes published on these videos. How can something so well-documented spark so much debate about what really happened? Produced by Stef Collett. Text by Gabrielle Healy. GUESTS Celeste Headlee, Journalist; author, “We Need to Talk;” @CelesteHeadlee Charlie Warzel, Writer-at-large for NYT Opinion, former senior technology writer, BuzzFeed News; @cwarzel Mark Anthony Neal, Professor of African and African American Studies, Duke University; @NewBlackMan For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

Stories: 1) Michael Beschloss: Critical Moments, Critical Choices 2) Lesbian Activist, Pioneering Journalist Del Martin 3) 'Trouble The Water' Captures Katrina On Camcorder


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Question: Congress Questions FCC Decency Rules

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Congressmen grill Federal Communications Commission regulators over the agency's efforts to curtail indecent language and content on the nation's airwaves. Republican and Democrat lawmakers on the House telecommunications subcommittee joined in calling for stiffer penalties for infractions. NPR's Andrea Seabrook reports.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: What if I Had Never Had Cancer?

I had my car in for service this morning, and I was sitting in the waiting room. The TV was on. But I wasn't paying attention until Morgan Freeman came on and started talking about colon cancer. He was urging people to have colonoscopies and said that colon cancer is one of the most treatable cancers, if caught early. Absolutely right. And that made me think about something that I rarely consider. What if? What if I had gone for a colonoscopy as soon as I realized that it ran in my family? Instead, I waited more than five years. If I had gone in earlier, instead of seeing the frozen face of my doctor that told me immediately that I had cancer, would he have been smiling? Would he have told me that they found some polyps, but had removed them before they could become malignant? I usually don't dwell on the past, there's not much reason to. But what if? It's like wondering how your life would be different if you left your house five minutes earlier, or later, today. We make a million different decisions every day, some large, most small. But they all help determine the path we follow. Change one, and who knows how our lives would change? That's long been fodder for science fiction. So I'm going to indulge myself, just this once, and stick with that question: what if? If I had never had cancer, who would I be? What would I be doing? I certainly wouldn't be writing this blog. I probably wouldn't have spent any time thinking about the things that we talk about here every day, and my life would have been poorer for that. "Who would I be?" is a little tougher to answer. We often talk about the things we have learned from cancer, the things we have gained. It's always strange to say that there have been benefits, some positive things, but there have been. I am who I am right now, to a large degree, because of my cancer. It's been a high price to pay, no question. But I think that I am a better person than I was. My body may not be all that happy when I say that, but it's true. I am not happy that I have had to go through this, that my friends and family have had to suffer too. But I am grateful for what it has taught me. I really don't know how to reconcile all this. But now I guess I have to decide whether to leave the house now ... or five minutes from now.

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Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: So What Do You Do With The ... Poo ... In A Pit Latrine?

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Bangladesh has done a great job of getting more toilets to more people. Now it needs to figure out how to empty them. According to the World Bank, rates of "open defecation" (development jargon for pooing in public) in Bangladesh have dropped from 34 percent in 1990 to just 1 percent nationwide in 2015. Other surveys put the rates of open defecation at a slightly higher rate than 1 percent but still note a significant decline in the amount of human waste on the streets over the last couple of decades. The reason for this is a boom in pit latrines, aka outhouses, privies, crappers. This recent "expansion of access to sanitation" (to stick with the development jargon) has made neighborhoods look and smell better all across the country. But particularly in rural areas, many of the new sanitation facilities are no more than a bare-bones shack on top of a hole in the ground. And when those pits get full, emptying them can be an unpleasant, arduous ... and a financial burden for poor families. It currently costs roughly $13 to have a pit latrine emptied — roughly 14 percent of an average family's monthly income in rural Bangladesh. Rizwan Ahmed with the NGO Forum for Public Health in Dhaka, Bangladesh, says pit latrine maintenance can also be a community health problem. "The sludge is taken out from the pit latrines and transported to nearby [irrigation] canals," Ahmed says. "It's discharged into the canals, nearby rivers, nearby small ponds, polluting the surface water. Also sometimes, it's buried under the soil." And then local ground water can be contaminated. Ahmed says part of the problem is that there's no established way to empty pit latrines. Some families do it themselves and bury the waste elsewhere on their property. Some people hire young men to clear out the sludge and haul it away. But Ahmed says that even when latrine owners pay to have the sewage removed, it likely ends up dumped in a waterway. Ahmed, along with a group of academics and clean water advocates, have just completed a pilot program in a rural part of Bangladesh to try to solve the pit latrine sludge conundrum. The program uses pumps to suck the sludge out of the pits, as opposed to the old shovel and bucket method. It sets up a monthly payment system so that families aren't hit with a big expense every three to four years when their latrine is overflowing. And it establishes a composting system to turn the sludge in to fertilizer for flowers, rubber trees and other non-edible plants. "This is a research project," Ahmed says. "We are trying to see the feasibility of doing this." They've determined that it is feasible. They've calculated that a system, including the cost of labor, pumps, trucks and a composting facility, would cost each privy owner roughly 31 U.S. cents a month. This is opposed to the current average cost of $13 every three years or so to hire informal laborers to clear out the pit and haul away the sewage. The research has just been published in the journal PLOS ONE. "In recent years, Bangladesh has made rapid progress in improving sanitation in rural areas and around 40 million new pit latrines have been built," the study says. "However, this rapid increase in use of household latrines has not been accompanied by a growth in appropriate management of fecal sludge." Rolf Halden, the curator of the National Sewage and Sludge Repository at Arizona State University, says managing pit latrine waste is a problem all over the developing world but an even bigger challenge in Bangladesh. He is not part of the pit latrine project. "Bangladesh is peculiar in the fact that it has a very shallow ground water and sees lots of raining. It's also an area that's subject to flooding," he says. "That really makes the problem [in Bangladesh] much more prominent than in other locations." The problem of sewage disposal is further complicated because Bangladesh is extremely poor and incredibly crowded. Only the capital, Dhaka, has a sewer system, and even there those pipes only serve about 18 percent of the city, according to the World Bank. So most of the nation's 160 million people relieve themselves in pit latrines. Halden, who is also a professor of environmental engineering and the director of the Biodesign Center for Environmental Security, says all that sludge poses a risk to public health both while it's sitting in the latrine and when the latrines are emptied. "[The waste] contains viable organisms — viruses, bacteria — and they cause diarrheal disease," he says. And pit latrines aren't just a Bangladesh issue. "We know that 1 in 4 people on this earth use pit latrines," Halden says. "So it's a significant amount of sludge that's being produced by these systems." Rizwan Ahmed says the hope is that the Forum for Public Health's pilot program for a safe, cost-effective latrine waste management system will be used across Bangladesh and eventually spread across the developing world.


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Question: New documentary examines the Darfur saga

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The subject of a new film on the genocide in Darfur talks about his work to keep the world's attention on the continuing violence in Sudan.

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Hear how listeners and readers of the blog reacted to recent conversations about the fate of jazz, racial profiling and the upcoming Olympic games in Beijing.


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Question: Excerpt: 'Life In Rewind'

The piece of lint has been missing for nearly a week.  Before its sudden disappearance, it lay coupled with the wilted brown leaf on the basement floor near the back door.  Its absence is devastating. Finally, at the end of a long, tedious search, the particle of fluff is discovered, attached to the delicate hind leg of a cricket that has found its way indoors during the rainy season.  The exorcism of lint is done with great care, leaving the cricket unharmed.  But reconstructing the comfortable universe where the piece of lint once existed with the brittle leaf takes many anguish-filled hours to complete. Michael Jenike knows nothing of this as he dribbles the basketball and pushes through the sweaty bodies of the other players barreling toward him, their rubber soles screeching against the gym floor as he defends his turf.  The tired but enthusiastic grunts of grown men meld with the pounding rhythm of the ball slamming against their hands, and briefly, they are able to recapture the carefree satisfaction that belonged to them on the basketball courts of their youth. After the game, adrenaline still pumping, Michael drops his gym bag into the back of his new BMW Z3, slides his 6-foot-2-inch frame behind the wheel, cranks up some country music, and pushes the speed limit down Route 3 toward Cape Cod where, on this Spring day in 1996, his life will intersect with a seemingly impenetrable boundary, and he will be forced to confront pieces of his own painful past.   At the same time, the young man who meticulously extracted the piece of lint from the leg of the cricket sits in the basement of a modest raised ranch house, in a wooded, middle-class neighborhood on the coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.  He can't get out, and he refuses to let anyone in.  The seasons have changed, school children who board the bus outside his door have been promoted from one grade to the next, and each day, strangers pass by without giving a moment's thought to what's happening behind the closed door at the bottom of the thirteen steps on the side of the quiet house. Isolated from friends who think he's away at college, he sits on the end of his bed, rocking back and forth, helplessly performing repetitive rituals of forwards and backwards counting, all multiples of even numbers that stretch well into the tens of thousands.  The cable television guide that rolls on the screen in front of him is his only gauge for the time that passes, as he sits with his hands outstretched from his body, fingers spread, locked into position like the claws of an eagle, while his mind rages with the repetitive pounding of a terrible equation that will not let him go. Time equals Progression, Progression equals Death.  This is the mantra that keeps twenty-four year old Ed Zine living on the end of a mental tether with invisible tentacles attached to every muscle, thought, and spoken word.  This tether is his safety net, rewinding and erasing every action that would otherwise propel him forward in time.  When the rewind is complete, he is given momentary relief from the anxiety of the equation with which he is so preoccupied. Ed's obsession is logic gone completely awry.  While it's true that the timeline of our lives follows this sequence of Time equals Progression, Progression equals Death, few of us ever scrutinize each moment and each movement as a path to our certain end.  Surely, such torture would drive us mad.  For Ed, who suffers from severe obsessive compulsive disorder, the perpetual rewinding is a ritual; more aptly, a series of rituals within rituals, which temporarily relieves the madness his intrusive thoughts create.  Assaulted by this logical, but paralyzing notion, his illogical mind creates a battle that rages within him every second of every day. Early in the day, Ed began moving from the end of his bed toward the basement door in anticipation of Michael Jenike's arrival.  It is a daunting task that takes him nearly seven hours to complete, and all the while he wonders if this is the one person who will release him from this personal hell. Dr. Michael Jenike is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, and one of the world's leading experts in the research and treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder.  He describes OCD as a disorder of "pure suffering," and brings to its treatment not only an extraordinary scientific mind, but a profound depth of compassion for his patients.    The message from his secretary is simple:  A young man is stuck in his basement and needs help.  She knows that Michael's already busy schedule doesn't really allow him to take a full day to see a new patient, but she also knows that nothing she says will stop him from going.  Someone is trapped, and that's really all Michael needs to know as he pushes his own life-clock forward, driving almost three hours to meet his new patient. After brief introduction to the Zine family, gathered on the front lawn to greet him, amazed that he has come all t

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Stories: 1) Max Cleland, Mapping The 'Heart of a Patriot' 2) Dennis Diken's Rich And Vibrant 'Late Music' 3) Play And Power In William Safire's Words


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Question: Giraffe Now Listed As 'Vulnerable' To Extinction As Population Plummets

Giraffes are dying at an alarming rate and could face extinction if the trend doesn't reverse, according to a new conservation report on animal populations worldwide. The report was released by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, which maintains the so-called Red List of species threatened with extinction. For the first time, the group now lists the giraffe as a "vulnerable" species, meaning it is "facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future" because of steep population decline. In the past 30 years, the global giraffe population has declined between 36 percent and 40 percent, according to the IUCN. And the reason, it says, is humans:  "The growing human population is having a negative impact on many giraffe subpopulations. Illegal hunting, habitat loss and changes through expanding agriculture and mining, increasing human-wildlife conflict, and civil unrest are all pushing the species towards extinction. Of the nine subspecies of giraffe, three have increasing populations, whilst five have decreasing populations and one is stable."  Giraffes live primarily in southern and eastern Africa, with smaller populations throughout the rest of the continent. The international community has already moved to protect the world's tallest land mammal. At the the most recent meeting of the World Conservation Congress, organized by the IUCN earlier this year in Hawaii, governmental representatives and NGOs passed a resolution calling on member states to protect areas where giraffes live. In particular, the resolution cited the need for better security at parks and wildlife refuges in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon and South Sudan. The areas also are home to the okapi, a relative of the giraffe that looks something like a three-way cross between a zebra, a donkey and a giraffe. Okapi are even more threatened than the giraffe. Having already gone extinct in Uganda, the remaining population in the Democratic Republic of Congo is listed as endangered by the IUCN. The newly released report also added more than 700 newly recognized bird species to the Red List, although 13 of those species will not receive any protection from the designation because they are already extinct. Among the extinct birds are a reed-warbler and two honeycreepers that lived on islands and most likely were wiped out by invasive species, according the report summary. The bird population data was collected by the conservation organization BirdLife International, a conservation consortium that includes the National Audubon Society in the U.S.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Afghan Govt. Suspends Talks; Taliban Attack Kills 4 Soldiers. -- Heat, Spurs Headed To Game 7 After Stunning Game 6. And here are more early headlines: Federal Reserve Policymakers To Release Economic Forecast Today. (Bloomberg) Thousands Of Brazilian Protesters Turn Out Again In Sao Paulo. (The Associated Press) Al Qaida Militants Attack U.N. Compound In Somalia. (Los Angeles Times) UN Report: More Than 45 Million Refugees In 2012, An 'Unseen Level.' (The Guardian) Heavy Flooding In France Kills 1, Closes Lourdes To Religious Pilgrims. (France24) American Medical Association Declares Obesity A Disease. (USA Today) Danielle Bradbery Crowned Winner Of 'The Voice.' (People) Man Pleads Guilty To Smuggling Snakes On A Plane. (KXAS)