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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

Now that I think of it, a trick-or-treat ScuttleButton theme would have been appropriate for this week's puzzle. But there are too many important issues out there to focus on something trite like Halloween. As you can see by this week's puzzle. But always, first things first. You need to know how to play. Every week, there are buttons displayed vertically. Simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) And don't focus on a political answer. It doesn't necessarily have to be political, though it could be. A correct answer chosen at random gets his or her name in this column. Personally, I can't imagine a greater honor. You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state -- you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. Here's the answer to last week's puzzle. And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be the first on your block to receive notice when a new puzzle goes up on the blog. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck, and happy Friday! P.S. I usually reveal the answer -- and announce the winner -- in this space on Tuesdays. So you should get your answer in by then. And don't forget to enter my Election 2009 Contest!


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Question: Who's Bill This Time?

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Double-booked White House, Pfizer surpriser and leaf us alone!

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: State Budget Cuts In Wyoming Lead Hospital To Close Program For Elderly

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As COVID-19 pummels state budgets, Wyoming has made major cuts across its agencies. The Health Department alone will shoulder more than a third of those cuts, and we check in with Tim Thornell, president and CEO, of Cheyenne Regional Health System who will now have to close a program for the elderly. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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Good morning - here are some stories we're following today: Luxury Cars Do Poorly In New Type Of Crash Test. Unsealed Documents 'Hint At The Evidence' In Colorado Shootings. N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, Fla. Senator Marco Rubio To Give Key Speeches At Republican National Convention. (National Journal) Western Wildfires Destroy Homes, Leave One Firefighter Dead. (AP) Defected Syrian Prime Minister Claims Assad Regime Is Collapsing. (BBC) In A Change, Iran Now Welcomes Aid For Earthquake Victims. (VOA) French Youths Clash With Police For Second Night. (Reuters) Violence Turns Deadly Between Two Unions At South African Platinum Mine. (AllAfrica.com) Educational Accrediting Agency Issues Warning To Penn State. (USA Today) Conn. Woman Wrongly Billed For 25 Years For Streetlights, Gets Refund. (Hartford Courant)


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Question: Movie Review: 'The BFG' And 'Legend of Tarzan'

David Greene talks to Los Angeles Times film critic Justin Chang about some movie options heading into the holiday weekend. The BFG stands for big friendly giant.

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Stories: 1) Kevin Costner, Dancing With Death Again 2) On DVD: 'Twin Peaks,' 'Seinfeld,' 'My So-Called Life' 3) Brad Bird and Patton Oswalt, Telling a Rat's Tale 4) 'American Gangster': An American Critique


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Question: Show #41 air date  October 16, 2007

Health insurance in America is complicated and is a challenge for the business of health care and is also a political football. This week, moderator Terry Phillips leads a discussion about the current state of health care with guests who are truly experts. Dr. Varoujan Altebarmakian, MD is Physician-in-Chief at Kaiser Permanente in Fresno; Tom Epstein is Vice President of Public Affairs for Blue Shield of California; Mark Keppler is the Executive Director of the Maddy Institute at CSU Fresno.

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A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: Linguist Geoff Nunberg

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Linguist Geoff Nunberg considers the language of the Vietnam War and how it's being used today.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Ted Talk, Slow Bern, Queen B Stings


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The Myth Of The Private Naked Selfie

Apple's iCloud hack involving nude photos of celebrities is different from many of the other hacks we've heard about. When hackers steal credit cards — like with Target or allegedly now with Home Depot — the expense falls on the retailer and the banks. And these companies can cancel and replace credit card numbers to contain the damage. But in this case involving Apple, just about all the damage falls on the user, like actress Kirsten Dunst. And you can't take back the images. They're out there forever. Here are some questions we thought you might be asking: Is the lesson here just: Don't trust the cloud, don't put anything else online? Well, that's one lesson. But it's not very realistic given how much people like being able to view and upload their data from anywhere — from their iPhone or their tablet, from work, from home. All of that mobility is super-convenient. But there are ways to have that convenience and a lot more security, too. Consider this analogy: When you've got family jewels and you put them in a bank vault, you need more than one key to get in. There's your key and the bank's, and then some ID checks. So when we're putting more and more piles of valuable data into online vaults — like pictures and financial information — there should be more keys to protect that data. Several security experts tell us more keys (and a better lockout procedure for using too many faulty passwords) would have prevented the Apple hack. We've been calling it the "Apple hack," but didn't Apple deny that any breach had happened? That's right. Apple put out a statement that was very carefully worded — and that some say is intentionally vague. The company says that according to the cases it has investigated, hackers didn't breach iCloud or Find My iPhone. But it's entirely possible that another computer program that talks to iCloud, for example, and that has access to iCloud data was breached. So hackers could get the data they wanted that way. NPR asked Apple about this possibility, and the company has not yet denied it or ruled it out publicly. If you don't want sensitive stuff on Apple or Google servers, does deleting it from your phone mean it won't go to the cloud? For example, is a naked selfie on your smartphone ever really private? No! On a smartphone, the completely private naked selfie is a myth. A user has to take explicit steps to disable what's called "automated backups." Otherwise, Apple and Google are copying every picture to their servers. And it's really common in these phone-related breaches for the hackers to target those backups. (Directions on how to turn backups on and off are here for Google and Apple iCloud.) Lonnie Benavides, an information security expert at DocuSign, wants tech companies to create a new feature: "I believe that when I click delete on my phone, I should be offered the option of permanently deleting that file in a manner that assures me it's really deleted. I think as a customer, I have a right to this." Has Apple done enough to protect its customers?  Meh. There's a way to protect an account through a process called two-factor authentication. Basically, you have to use your password, and, separately, you might have to reply to a text to your smartphone, to confirm it's really you. This two-factor process has been around for a while. But Apple just introduced it into the iCloud Web app in June, according to Apple Insider. And a security firm that audited the feature found that Apple left some gaping holes. According to Gary McGraw of Cigital, Apple also failed to market the technology. Especially with people in high-risk categories, like celebrities and politicians, it wouldn't have hurt to say: "Boy should you guys use this!" Twitter, in contrast, was very forthcoming when it rolled out this security option after the embarrassing White House hack. There could be a real cultural issue at play. Right now, leading tech companies including Google, Twitter and Cigital are sharing information internally about security breaches. But, McGraw says, Apple is reluctant to talk with peers. "Really, Apple is a very secretive place," he says. "Their culture is that way because [founder] Steve Jobs was that way." This celebrity hacking spree doesn't come at a very good time for Apple. It's very bad timing. Apple is expected to make a big announcement next week that it's partnering with Visa and others to turn its next iPhone into a mobile wallet. That means not just a smartphone, but a financial instrument. Apple is also building more tools for health tracking. It already has apps to let you record and store your heart rate and blood sugar to the cloud. David Amsler, CIO with Foreground Security, says given the weakness of current security practices, these mobile financial and health features are "not something I would entertain at this point or feel comfortable recommending to anyone, either."

Stories: 1) Our Digital Lives, Monitored By A Hidden 'Numerati' 2) Michael Cera, Making The Perfect 'Playlist' 3) Newman Reflects On An Acting (And Active) Life


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Question: 'A Good Day': Wake Me Tomorrow

In a dark, dusty vault beneath a studio back lot, are there stacks and stacks of unproduced Cold War-era screenplays? A pile of untapped bad movie potential, like a hidden stockpile of enriched uranium, just waiting for a film crew that's looking to make a quick buck with a dirty bomb of a movie?  A Good Day to Die Hard, the fifth entry in the annals of hard-to-kill New York cop John McClane (Bruce Willis), is not that explosively bad movie. It's the decaying radioactive wreckage left behind after that bomb goes off. It doesn't even feel like it was ever intended to be a Die Hard movie: It's like someone went into that Cold War boilerplate pile, found a buddy-cop script about two mismatched heroes out to thwart the nefarious plans of some generic Russian bad guys, and substituted McClane and his son for the leads. That son, Jack (Jai Courtney), is an undercover CIA operative working to bring down a corrupt Russian official; to accomplish that take, he's after a file that's supposedly in the possession of whistle-blower Yuri Komarov (Sebastian Koch). Komarov is being sent to trial on trumped-up charges to keep him quiet; the younger McClane, too, is up on charges, having publicly assassinated another Russian government official in what seems like a particularly boneheaded CIA ploy designed to get him close to Komarov. Back in the U.S., the (increasingly) senior McClane finds out his son is in a Russian prison — the movie's version of the CIA is terrible at keeping secrets, it seems — and hops on an Aeroflot flight overseas to ... well, it's not entirely clear what he's hoping to accomplish by just wandering into the courthouse unannounced. But never mind all that. Plot is incidental to this franchise nowadays, and the needless convolutions of this particular story seem largely like mere ploys to make it seem more interesting than it is. Suffice it to say, things start exploding right before the trial, and pretty much keep exploding, in more and more ludicrous ways, right up to the end of the movie. This is the Magpie School of action filmmaking: Anytime things start to make so little sense that you might lose the audience, just throw something shiny up on screen to distract. Hence lots of slow-motion jumping and falling while fiery explosions billow up in the background. Cars seem to do more flying than driving, jumping off of overpasses or over other cars, rolling and flipping through the air. In one particularly inspired bit of lunatic misdirection, one of the Russian thugs chasing McClane delivers a menacing speech to the hero ... while loudly eating a carrot. I have no recollection of what plot details were conveyed in that speech. But I do remember the carrot — and I'm guessing that's exactly the effect director John Moore was going for. There's little left of the qualities that made the original Die Hard such a masterpiece — or even the things that made the substandard sequels marginally watchable. Where before McClane was out to save the life of a family member or a school full of kids, here — after the self-preservation that drives him in the opening sequence — he's fighting mostly to save his son's reputation and also to thwart a vaguely defined potential terrorist threat. Humor has always been an essential element of McClane's appeal, but the attempts here aren't even in character. Are we really meant to believe that McClane would answer a cellphone call from his daughter in the midst of a car chase? Or knock out an innocent civilian who's (justifiably) yelling at him for running out into traffic? Even McClane's trademark one-liners are fewer in number, generally clunkers, and often nearly drowned out by things going boom. It's difficult to tell if the mildly bemused air Willis carries with him through much of the movie is a character choice or just smug satisfaction that he's actually getting away with getting paid for this. A Good Day to Die Hard does have one redeeming aspect: It has finally ended the debate over whether Die Hard 2 or 4 is the worst of the series. We finally have a clear loser.

Stories: 1) Actor Paul Rudd, Rewriting the Commandments 2) Massacre's 'Lonely Heart,' Claudia Quintet's 'For'


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Question: From One Of Ted's Recommended

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From one of Ted's recommended recordings, we'll hear tenor Luciano Pavorotti as Rodolfo and soprano Mirella Freni as Mimi singing in one of the most tender moments of Puccini's "La Boheme," the aria "O soave fanciulla" -- "Oh lovely girl" from the first act. Herbert von Karajan conducts the Berlin Philharmonic. (London 421 049-2)

2021 Podcast By Emily M. 9/11 NPR A Cultural Disconnect: The US and Iran A Dive into Diversity Aidan Sockrider's NPR Student Contest Submission Albert Barnes All About Cancel Culture All Natural: Yellowstone National Park An Ode to Ants Anxiety In Kids and Teens AP B3 A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words A Possibly Positive Pandemic? Arab Teens Asian Stereotypes Athlete's Corner: Pandemics, Protein Shakes, and Home Workouts Auggie's Pet Podcast Avocado Mafia Break In The Story Of Laurie Dann Butterflies in our Stomach Butterflies Unscripted Candy to My Ears Charlie's Family Podcast Charlie Brown Parallels to the Past Part Two Cinthia A - NPR Podcast Challenge 2021 Climate Change Coping with Covid Covid Conversations Creativity and Nature Dancing Fire Dark 'n' Stormy Dark Childhood Theories Death By Sugar: The Great Molasses Flood Of 1919 Different Bodies, Different Reasons Dinosaurs Drinks with a Tasteful Twist Environmental Activism With Orla Malloy Escape From Alcatraz Evolution Of Slang Exhale Forget, Fix, or Forgive Food Waste Frog Bridge & The Soul of Willimantic Genres Of Music Gratitude GSNPR Podcast Contest Guinness World Records Harmful Gender Norms Haunted Hometown: Pleasanton, California Helmet Podcast Hieu Tam Pham High School Memories History of Music Hole Donut How Are Sports Affected? How Can We Stop Global Warming How the first trillionaire will come about How to Bake the World's Best Chocolate Chip Cookies How to Make Students' Lives Engaging During COVID-19 Hyphenated I Am Black Excellence If You Close Your Eyes In a Pickle Inclusion Indian Small Farmers' Fight for Democracy Industry Juniors Interviews with Grandma In The Eye Of The Storm IRL Podcast It's A Twin Thing Japanime Podcast Just Clowning Around KIDWARZ Leadership Podcast Legal Misconduct Let's Talk About Sustainability! LGBTQ discrimination Life Of A Racecar Driver Llama Podcast Local Artist LOTR Male Depression Match Of The Century Media and Reality: TV's Effect on Black Women Megan Ramirez NPR Mental Health For Students Mental Health in Movies and TV Mirror, Mirror On The Dog Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Miss Mattie and Scooter Mouse MLK Marches in Cicero My Small Business Journey Mysterious Earth Nad - Cast 1 - 3 12 21, 10.45 PM Nate Drohan: Sleep Talk Podcast Native American Mascots Neighborhood News NMC21: Q No Longer a Child One year of distance Online or in person schooling? Operation Paperclip Opinions on Group Homes Pandemic Blues Pandemics and Students Parents Just Don't Understand Parents Vs. Kids Pickled Punks Podcast PTSD: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Quarantine Daydreams R.O.G.U.E. Podcast Episode 4 Part 1: Authenticity Representation In Film Risk Takers Podcast Sardines Lost At Sea Scary Story Slight of Hand Sophia's Podcast on Eagles Speech And Debate Podcast Stories Around The Ghost Light: 24 Hours Before You Lose It All Survival Of The Vietnam War Taylor A's Story Technology Dating Texting While Zooming The Breakout Room The Days Before US The Degradation of the Y Chromosome The Effect Of Machismo The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly: The Electoral College The Great Emu War The Hauntings of Breckie The Hauntings of Breckie The History of Classical Music The Importance Of Self Care During A Pandemic The Inexplicable Heist The Lavender Scare The Mystery Of Roanoke Island The Podcast People There is a Banana in my Podcast The Rise Of Anti - Asian Hate The Simpsons Podcast The Speculative Implications of Trans- Temporal Travel The Subtle Things: Teacher-Student Relationships The Trolley Problem The Underlying Problems In The Gaming Industry The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Water Rights Settlement Act The Weekend that Went Wrong This or That: School Edition Through Many Glass Ceilings Thurscast TriplePoint Two Brothers, One Mother Tye Rollins: A Hero in Scrubs and a White Coat Understanding the Hijab Unknown Monsters: Climate Change Victoria Viruses are NOT a Race Voices Of Hawaii Weird Laws in America What's Good? What is Worth Fighting For? Where Are You Daddy? Why TikTok is a Black Hole Zobia and Lila


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Question: What We Still Don't Know About The Citigroup Bailout

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As part of the bailout of Citigroup, the U.S. government agreed to guarantee over $300 billion in securities held by the bank. More than a year and a half ago, Bloomberg News asked the government to disclose which securities it guaranteed. Here's the result, according to Bloomberg:  ... after saying at least five times that a response was imminent, Treasury officials responded with 560 pages of printed-out e-mails ... so heavily redacted that most of what’s left are everyday messages such as "Did you just try to call me?" and "Monday will be a busy day!"  In other words, the government hasn't answered Bloomberg's basic question. Read More: response "adhered to the rules," gov't says The government's reasons for not disclosing the information includes trade secrets, personnel rules and practices, memos subject to attorney-client privilege and violations of personal privacy. The response "adhered to the rules, regulations, U.S. attorney general guidance and relevant case law," a spokesman told Bloomberg. Meanwhile, Citigroup has paid off its bailout money with interest, and the taxpayer guarantees have been terminated. For more: Bloomberg also sued to force the Federal Reserve to disclose what it bought as part of the bailout. That disclosure led to our podcast on the Fed owning a mall in Oklahoma City.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Hong Kong, Police Clear Final 'Occupy' Protest Site. -- U.S. Says It Has Closed Its Final Detention Center In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: The Latest On The Congressional Omnibus Spending Bill. (Politico) U.N Official Calls For Prosecution Of U.S. Agents In Harsh Interrogations. (Newsweek) U.S. Finds Medical Bills Lead Americans' Unpaid Debts. (CFPB) Study Finds More Than 5 Trillion Pieces Of Plastic In World's Oceans. (New York Times) British, Irish Prime Ministers Join Northern Irish Peace Talks. (BBC) Falling Oil Prices Swell Alaska's Potential Budget Deficit. (AP) After 12 Days, Missing Boater Found Miles Off Hawaii. (Christian Science Monitor)


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Question: Farmers Look for Clues to California Artichoke Thefts

Artichokes have been disappearing from fields in California, and Dale Huss wants to find the culprit. Robert Siegel speaks with Huss, a farmer and vice president of artichoke production at Ocean Mist Farms, about the weekly thefts. He says a night of pilfering could net a thief $3,000.

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Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: From Online Conventions To Teen Poll Workers, The Virus Is Transforming Election 2020

States are scrambling to replace older poll workers with younger ones. The two major political parties will hold their conventions mostly online. And in one big battleground state, the pandemic is shifting the political geography. NPR's latest battleground state map is here. Find and support your local public radio station.Email us at considerthis@npr.org.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Relief Effort In Puerto Rico Drags, Fuel Shortages Are Monumental. -- As Scrutiny Of Social Networks Grows, Influence Attacks Continue In Real Time. -- California Moves Up 2020 Primary Elections To March. -- Volcano Threat At Pacific Island Triggers Mass Evacuation. -- Equifax Promises A New Lifetime Service, As New Leader Offers An Apology. And here are more early headlines: Trump Won't Attend FBI Ceremony, Won't Run Into Mueller. (Newsweek) House Panel To Question Tech Firms About Russian Meddling. (The Hill) Ky. Law Requiring Ultrasound Before Abortion Is Overturned. (CNN) Blast At Augusta Chemical Plant Kills 1, Injures 2. (WFXG) Macon, Ga.'s New Baseball Team Is Named "Bacon". (Macon Telegraph)


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Zarqawi Killing Disruptive, Not Decisive

Jeffrey White, the former chief of Middle East intelligence at the Defense Intelligence Agency, says that the killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi will have a suppressive and disorganizing effect on the insurgency in Iraq. But White does not think Zarqawi's death will have a decisive impact on the groups that are fighting the Iraqi government.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Dozens Killed By Suicide Bomber In Yemen. -- Pakistan Threatens To Overshadow NATO Summit. -- Eclipse Of The Sun: Did You Fall Into The Ring Of Fire's Path? -- Let's Remember Robin Gibb By Saying It: Bee Gees' Disco Years Were Great. Other stories in the news: -- "White House Visitor Logs Provide Window Into Lobbying Industry," Lobbyists Are "Regular Presence." (The Washington Post) -- "Lockerbie Bomber To Be Buried, Controversy Lives On." (Agence France Presse) -- "Strauss-Kahn Faces 'Gang Rape' Inquiry." (BBC News) -- "Chen Guangcheng's Family And Friends 'Still At Risk' In China." (The Guardian)


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Question: Biden's Plan To Undo Trump's Last-Minute Deregulatory Spree & Enact A Climate Agenda

Trump called climate change a hoax. Biden calls it an existential threat. Washington Post journalist Juliet Eilperin talks about how Biden might reverse some of his predecessor's policies.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

We look at the origins of three new media giants: Before They Ruled The World, They Were Grad Students; The Very Long Road to Very Short Messages; and Turning Nerds with Webcams Into Stars (Who Are Still Nerds With Webcams).

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Hoarding Can Start Early, But Signs Are Hard To See In Teens

Hoarding disorder is generally diagnosed in older adults, after their inability to discard things and their anxiety over possessions leave them unable to function. But it may take root much earlier in life, though psychiatrists say they're just starting to figure that out. Hoarding symptoms may look different in teenagers than they do in adults, researchers reported at the American Psychiatric Association's annual meeting this week in New York. A seriously cluttered living space is one of the main signs of hoarding disorder in adults. But teens who show some of the symptoms of hoarding usually haven't collected nearly as many things as adults, says Volen Ivanov, a psychologist at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. "This could be due to a limit in freedom," Ivanov tells Shots. Kids who still live under their parents' roofs aren't as free to buy or collect things in the same way as adults who live on their own. But it could also be that hoarding gets worse over time. Losses in life like the death of a loved one can exacerbate hoarding, Ivanov says. "So maybe it takes a little bit of time before life takes its toll on these youngsters." Compulsive hoarding is a debilitating psychiatric condition. While many people collect things, those with hoarding disorder usually accumulate huge quantities of things such as newspapers, household items and clothing. In extreme cases, the piles can result in dangerous or unhygienic living conditions. The disorder is difficult to treat, but working with a therapist helps many patients. Ivanov and his colleagues looked at 8,500 Swedish adolescents born between 1994 and 1995. In a study published last year, he found that 2 percent of this adolescent population showed symptoms of hoarding. Other research has found that 2 to 5.5 percent of adults show the same symptoms. To further understand teen hoarding, the researchers observed 21 young people who had trouble parting with possessions, regardless of their value — that's another key symptom of hoarding. But when the researchers looked at these teens' rooms, none of them showed the extreme levels of clutter that characterized adult hoarders' living spaces. Either hoarding is a disorder that doesn't fully show up in people until adulthood, or we need to change the criteria we use to diagnose the disorder, Ivanov says. Continuing to observe this group over time may clear things up, he says. "We know that at least in adults there is a clear genetic component, and there is also an environmental component," he says. But beyond that, "we don't know that much about this condition."

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


Question: Better Get Revved Up For A Puzzle Stuffed With V's And E's

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The provided query could be "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "A Smiley Face makes everything better; The odds are stacked against them, but victory may happen! Don't mess with Fox Security."]" and the positive "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "Who's Carl This Time?"]"

On-air challenge: Here are two clues for two words. Insert the letters V-E somewhere inside the first word to get the second one. For example: Abel's brother, in the Bible / danger for a spelunker --> Cain, cave-in. Last week's challenge from listener Martin Eiger: Think of a phrase that denotes a particular major-league sports team in 12 letters. The first 6 letters are the same as the second 6 letters rearranged. What team is it? Answer: The Miami Heat. Winner: Amy Suarez of Albuquerque, N.M. Next week's challenge from listener Ben Bass of Chicago: Name a prominent American politician — first and last names, 11 letters total. Rearrange these letters, and you'll get a country plus the former name of another country. Who's the politician, and what countries are these? Submit Your Answer If you know the answer to next week's challenge, submit it here. Listeners who submit correct answers win a chance to play the on-air puzzle. Important: Include a phone number where we can reach you Wednesday, July 21, at 3 p.m. ET.

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Stories: 1) Ants: 'A Global Safari With A Cast Of Trillions' 2) Ace Records: New Orleans Hits, Made In Mississippi 3) 'Captain America': Nostalgic Fun, With Muscles


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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Question: Social Media Buzz: Internet Remembers 'Grumpy Cat' After Her Death

“Grumpy Cat,” the internet sensation that launched a thousand memes, died this week at age 7. Here & Now‘s Peter O’Dowd talks with Femi Oke (@FemiOke), host of “The Stream” on Al Jazeera English, about how social media users are remembering the feline. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Stories: 1) South Park Celebrates 14 Years Of Fart Jokes 2) 'Have One': From Joanna Newsom, A Generous Thing


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Question: Bills...Casinos... And Staffers!

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After a Memorial Day hiatus, we¿re back for our weekly wrap-up of the week in California politics.
This week: Bill deadlines in the Legislature as moderate Dems seem to prevail¿ Barstow casino deals go to extra innings in the Capitol¿ and a look at Arnold¿s well-paid army of aides.
As always, with John Myers, Kate [...]

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: California State University vs. Its Faculty

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This morning's first hour explores issues driving the contract impasse between the California State University system and its faculty.

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: California Arrest Record

The US Supreme Court has agreed to hear a case on a California law, now overturned, which would have restricted the release of police arrest records to commercial interests. A company that distributes those records to advertisers got the law blocked by arguing that the law infringed on the firm''s freedom of speech. NPR''s Madeleine Brand reports that in its appeal to the high court, California argues that the company has the right to sell information, but that does not include the right to get that information from the government.


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

Anyone who has seen the "The Artist" knows how much people talked about the ScuttleButton puzzle throughout the movie.  What they didn't say was how to play the game. Every  Monday on this site I put up a      vertical display  of  buttons.        Your     job is to  simply take one word      (or    concept)   per      button,  add      'em up,  and,     hopefully, you      will  arrive    at  a     famous   name  or  a familiar expression.   (And        seriously,  by familiar, I mean it's something                  that      more than  one       person  on Earth would        recognize.) For          years, a    correct   answer chosen  at         random would get  his  or     her    name   posted in this      column, an     incredible  honor in  itself.      Now the    stakes  are    even   higher.     Thanks   to the  efforts of the    folks  at Talk of the Nation, that person also  hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain.  Is this a great country or what? You can't  use the   comments box at the bottom  of  the page    for your answer.  Send   submission (plus your   name and   city/state — you   won't   win without that) to  politicaljunkie@npr.org. And,         by adding your name to    the Political                  Junkie mailing list,   you  will be among the first on your  block to                       receive notice       about the column and the puzzle.  Sign    up      at  politicaljunkie@npr.org.          Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new        Junkie   post goes up by clicking here. Good                           luck! By                    the way, I announce the        winner on    Wednesday's       Junkie segment on TOTN.  But with a new puzzle up  every Monday       afternoon, you   should      get your    answer   in  as soon as possible. Here's the answer to last week's puzzle: Return Crimean Tatars to Crimea — A people who suffered tremendous persecution, deportation and torture by the Soviet Union, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands. Gloria La Riva for Governor/Peace and Freedom Party — She was the party's 1994 nominee in California. So, when you combine Crimea + Riva, you just very well may get ... Cry Me A River.  Sung by everyone from Ella Fitzgerald to Justin Timberlake.  But my favorite version is the one by Joe Cocker. OK, enough of this Cocker mamie stuff.  This week's ScuttleButton winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Geoff Esposito of Billerica, Mass. Geoff gets a TOTN t-shirt.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Week In Politics: Obama's Executive Action On Immigration

Robert Siegel talks with E.J Dionne of The Washington Post and David Brooks of The New York Times about President Obama's immigration speech.

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Question: Scourge No More: Chefs Invite Corn Fungus To The Plate

One evening last July, Nat Bradford walked along rows of White Bolita Mexican corn at his Sumter, S.C., farm, and nearly wept. All 1,400 of the corn plants had been overtaken almost overnight by corn smut, recalls Bradford, who's also a landscape architect. The smut, from a fungus called Ustilago maydis, literally transforms each corn kernel into a bulbous, bulging bluish-grey gall. It is naturally present in the soil and can be lofted easily into the air and onto plants. Smut is considered a scourge by most U.S. farmers, and it goes by the nickname "devil's corn." Just one discolored kernel typically renders an ear completely unsellable. Bradford was particularly devastated because he was growing the corn for Chef Sean Brock, who'd imported the White Bolita seeds from Mexico and asked Bradford to grow it for the handmade tortillas he planned to serve at Minero, his Mexican restaurant in Charleston, S.C. After Bradford saw the smut, he sat at his kitchen table, shoulders slumped and said to his wife, "How am I going to tell him?" But one man's blight is another man's treasure, and Brock, also an executive chef at Husk Restaurant and co-owner of McCrady's Restaurant, both in Charleston was delighted to hear that his crop had been infested with the fungus. He'd first encountered it in 2001 when working with a chef named Walter Bundy at LeMaire restaurant in Richmond, Va. He asked Bradford to harvest the smut by hand and bring it to Charleston, where Brock prepared tacos with it. "I love when nature throws you a curveball, and it tastes like this," says Brock. "It's insanely delicious and luxurious, like black truffles." Brock isn't alone in his view—there has been a dedicated corn smut underground for decades in America, even as corn growers and the government have spent millions trying to eradicate it, forbid imports of it and breed strains of corn resistant to it. But in Mexico, corn smut is known as huitlacoche, and it's long been a delicacy . Traditionally, families would walk miles among the cornstalks just to gather a basket of ears infected with this distant relative of mushrooms. It is still sold fresh at markets and used as a filling in tacos, quesadillas and soups. "It may have been ambrosia of the Aztec gods with an inky, mushroomy flavor that is almost impossible to describe," wrote Diana Kennedy, the "Julia Child of Mexico," in her 1986 book The Cuisines of Mexico. In Mexico's corn-loving culture, the quasi-mushroom also provides nutrition: high amounts of the essential amino acid lysine that's absent in corn, as well as lots of fiber and protein. Together, corn and huitlacoche make a complete protein meal. Here in the U.S., huitlacoche first gained national attention in 1989, when Josefina Howard, chef and co-founder of the Mexican food chain Rosa Mexicano, served a celebrated huitlacoche feast at the James Beard House in New York City. The restaurant still regularly offers huitlacoche dishes at its New York and Washington, D.C., locations, and it can be found at assorted other restaurants around the country. But even if some chefs are keen to serve huitlacoche, it's difficult to source fresh. The fungal infection depends on nature's whims. "My husband Randall and I grow a really tall local heirloom field corn that produces one ear per stalk," says Liz Porter, of Buckeye Creek Farm in Woodstock, Ga. "When we get ears with huitlacoche we harvest them and sell it to local chefs. But we never know when it will show up." Rosa Mexicano's executive chef, Joe Quintana, gets his huitlacoche flash frozen from the nation's only specialty grower: Roy Burns of Burns Farms Huitlacoche in Groveland, Fla. "More and more customers are willing to try it," says Quintana. "It's sweet, savory and earthy." Farmers like Liz Porter and Nat Bradford say they would like to inoculate a certain amount of corn each year, with advance orders from chefs. That may soon be possible, as mycologists and scientists start to get involved in a new approach to infecting corn deliberately. At Mushroom Mountain farm in Easley, S.C., mycologist Tradd Cotter has a 42,000-square-foot mushroom production facility. He is now growing huitlacoche on several varieties of corn, including Brock's favored White Bolita. "Years ago I found one black, dry kernel of corn in an old warehouse at Clemson University, ground it up and injected a solution into every ear of Silver Queen heirloom corn, a variety susceptible to the fungus, growing at my house," he says. "Within two weeks, we had our huitlacoche and we ate it all." Cotter plans to produce and stock a pure liquid inoculum that farmers can buy —just as beer brewers buy yeast. He notes that huitlacoche must be picked when firm but spongy, sort of like a foamy popcorn, before it starts to degrade and turn sooty black. If harvested too late, it's not only far less tasty, but can loft clouds of black fungal spores into the air, which might infect the entire crop, as well as neighboring cornfields.

Stories: 1) Paul Greenberg: The Future Of 'Wild Fish' 2) Two Ladies: Are You Team Bella, Or Team Lisbeth? 3) Seventeen Years Later, The Blue Shadows Reach U.S.


Question: 1. Voices In The News

A sound montage of a few prominent voices in this past week's news, including Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, State Department Spokesman Nicholas Burns, Secretary of State-designate Madeleine Albright, Federal Aviation Spokesman for the Great Lakes region Don Zochert, and sound of this morning's lift-off of the shuttle Atlantis.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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The query could be '['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Governor Napolitano on Here and Now']' and should be close to '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Governor Napolitano joined Steve Goldstein on KJZZ's Here and Now.  As part of her usual monthly visit, she talked about issues facing the state, campaign politics and answered listener comments and questions as well."]' but very far from '['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', "Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Washington's Weiner; Sarah Palin's Mystery Tour; A Good Reason to Hang up the Phone."]'

Question: Patient's Bill Of Rights

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NPR's Joanne Silberner reports on the Patient's Bill of Rights debated last week in the Senate. After long and sometimes acrimonious debate, the Republican version prevailed and will now move on to the House of Representatives. Silberner talks to many health professionals who believe neither the Democratic or Republican version will fix problems with managed care.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: Meredith Monk: A Voice For All Time

When I think about Meredith Monk, I think of her alone, on a stage bereft of instruments or props or other people. Whether in a cavernous concert hall or in a tiny club, the vision of her lone self is dramatic. With a slight tilt of the head and a grounding of the body, she opens her mouth and begins to sing. In this simplest of actions, she reveals extraordinary power. When Meredith Monk first came on the scene in the mid-'60s, complexity dominated concert music. There was metric modulation, retrograde inversions of tone rows, and combinatoriality. Composers demanded huge orchestras to assault their audiences, and prided themselves on impossible scores. Vocal music was no different: virtuosic and acrobatic, with extended techniques pushing singers into unnatural territory. Monk changed all that. Working with the most basic human utterances, her vocal music immediately sounded fundamental, as if it had always meant to exist, both archaic and brand-new. Over the years, she's created a body of music everyone can respond to: little kids, devotees of rock and pop music, people around the globe. How many composers achieve such real boundary-crossing? After a Meredith Monk concert, a common first impulse is to try to sing what you just heard. Try, for instance, one of her "Click Songs," in which the simple hummed tune alternates with clicks of the tongue on the roof of the mouth. It sounds easy to do, but it's impossible to replicate. Monk has spent decades refining these techniques and training her instrument. She teaches her work to other singers through a long, involved process, but the end result seems easy, and her relaxed playfulness onstage contributes to that effect. Meredith Monk's music has been linked to the sacred vocal works of Hildegard von Bingen, the 12th-century mystic abbess and composer. It's often been said that Monk's voice can sound simultaneously ancient and new. She certainly belongs to a group of singer/composers who reacted to the vibrato-laden ornate antics of 19th-century opera, and sought to return to the clarity found in medieval ars nova and chant, as well as Eastern European folk traditions. I remember the poet Robert Pinsky once saying that if you want true inspiration, don't look back one generation or even two, but delve way back into the distant past, to the origins of language and art. Monk has created timeless music. She's also written large-scale works, among them her 1992 opera Atlas and the more recent Songs of Ascension and Impermanence, both for multiple voices with instruments. But the intimacy and clarity is always there, imbued with the immediate power of her own single voice.

A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: Broadcasters Act to Curb 'Indecency'

Speaking at a congressional hearing on decency rules in the media, Clear Channel Radio head John Hogan apologizes for offensive material from a now-dismissed Florida disc jockey. A House committee is considering raising the fines levied on stations that broadcast material found to be indecent. NPR's Larry Abramson reports.

Stories: 1) Josh Rushing: A Marine's Unexpected 'Mission' 2) 'Conchords': Musical Comedy from Clueless Kiwis 3) 'Fleeting Expletives' Are Fair Game. Now What?


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Question: Algonquin Writers' Work No Longer Lost

Host Liane Hansen speaks with author and performer Nat Benchley, a descendant of one of the members of the Algonquin Round Table, about the book, The Lost Algonquin Round Table.

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Question: Primer: Guantanamo Detainees' Rights

In a highly unusual reversal, the Supreme Court has agreed to review whether detainees at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, can challenge their confinement in federal court by filing what is known as a writ of habeas corpus. The announcement represents a rare change of course for the nation's high court, which earlier decided not to take on the case. Here, a guide to some of the legal issues involved: What is habeas corpus?  "Habeas corpus" is a Latin phrase meaning "you have the body." It's an ancient concept. In old English law, it was used to refer to a judge's order (or "writ") to bring a prisoner before a court to determine whether his imprisonment was unlawful.  In modern times, death row inmates have used this process to get access to federal court to challenge their confinement. In 1996, however, Congress passed a law cutting back on habeas petitions in death-penalty cases, reasoning that those appeals had become so numerous that they were eroding the effectiveness of the death penalty. What does habeas mean for a Guantanamo detainee? For a detainee in the prison at the U.S. Naval base in Cuba, habeas corpus refers to the right to get direct access to federal court to challenge his imprisonment. Habeas is a process that challenges the lawfulness of how or why a detainee  is confined at Guantanamo.  What is the current status of habeas review?  Detainees do not currently have access to federal courts through habeas corpus to challenge the lawfulness of their confinement. In 2005, Congress passed the Detainee Treatment Act, which eliminated habeas corpus for all detainees at Guantanamo.  The Guantanamo military tribunals, called military commissions, were created by executive order in November 2001, but in June 2006, the Supreme Court struck down the system. In October 2006, Congress passed the Military Commissions Act, establishing a new system of military tribunals to hear cases involving Guantanamo detainees. Those cases include allegations of war crimes, and determinations of whether a detainee is an enemy combatant. Access to federal court is available under the Detainee Treatment Act only if a detainee is appealing the determination of his status as an enemy combatant or a war crime conviction. (See accompanying chart.) What has the Supreme Court said regarding habeas corpus and detainees? The Supreme Court reversed itself Friday by deciding to hear a case involving 45 men at Guantanamo who filed writs of habeas corpus. The detainees are asking that a federal judge review whether it is constitutional to keep them locked up indefinitely as enemy combatants — without being charged or having access to lawyers.  But Congress has barred detainees from filing writs of habeas corpus. The detainees challenged that law in court, but a federal appeals court ruled against them in February. In April, the Supreme Court declined to review the appeals court's decision.  In changing course now, the high court ordered that new briefs be filed and said it would hear the cases later this year.  Meanwhile, Democrats on Capitol Hill are calling for Congress to restore detainees' rights to file habeas corpus lawsuits in federal court. What changes are congressional Democrats calling for? Democrats want to restore the right of habeas review to Guantanamo detainees. In early June, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted 11-8 for a proposal that would do just that. Sen. Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania was the only Republican to join the panel's Democrats in voting for the bill. In response, the Justice Department issued a statement indicating that President Bush's senior advisers will recommend that he veto the bill.  Why does the Justice Department oppose these changes?  In a letter to Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy (D-VT) in early June, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales said that granting detainees greater access to U.S. courts would overburden those courts. It would also delay the process of "bringing enemy combatants to justice." Quoting a 1950 Supreme Court ruling, Gonzales warned that "the extension of habeas corpus to alien combatants captured abroad 'would hamper the war effort and bring aid and comfort to the enemy.'"  Gonzales said the system of military tribunals created last year already offers Guantanamo detainees "an unprecedented degree of process."  Does the U.S. Constitution require that detainees be granted habeas review?  The Bush administration and many Republicans argue that the rights guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution — including the right to access the courts — extends only to individuals present on U.S. territory and to U.S. citizens who are terrorism suspects, not to alien detainees at Guantanamo. Democrats and other critics of the Detainee Treatment Act argue that the removal of habeas corpus is unconstitutional. They claim that habeas is fundamental to civilized society, and that stripping Guantanamo detainees of that right has diminished America's moral standing abroad. What other judicial pr

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Stories: 1) From Cannes, a Cinematic After-Action Report 2) In Iraq, Activist Struggles as Women's Rights Shrink


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Question: From A Recently Released

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From a recently released CD of the score from the movie "Apollo 13," two pieces by composer James Horner, who also conducts the studio orchestra: "Lunar Dreams" and "Manual Burn." Both pieces feature trumpeter Tim Morrison. (MCA3P-3432)

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Question: The New Pornographers in Concert: 10/27/2007

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The New Pornographers in concert. With host Bob Boilen. With stunning vocals from Neko Case and playfully cerebral narratives from songwriters Dan Bejar and A.C. Newman, the Canadian band The New Pornographers is virtually peerless in the world of power-pop and indie-rock.  Hear them recorded live from Washington, D.C.'s 9:30 Club originally webcast on NPR.org October 27, 2007.

Stories: 1) When 10 Won't Do: David Edelstein's Top 13 Films 2) In Case You Missed It: Events And Trends Of 2009 3) Ken Tucker's Top 10 Recordings Of 2009


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Question: Friday News Roundup - Domestic

A single story dominated the news cycle this week: a tragedy that took the life of a young woman in Charlottesville, Virginia and the president’s controversial responses to the event that led to her death. The White House, white supremacy and where President Trump’s agenda goes from here. GUESTS Geoff Bennett, White House reporter, NPR Sheryl Gay Stolberg, Domestic affairs correspondent, The New York Times. Fernando Pizarro, Washington correspondent, Univision Jessica Mendoza, ESPN analyst; Olympic softball gold and silver medalist For more, visit http://the1a.org. © 2017 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Contador Wins Tumultuous Tour de France

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At 24, Alberto Contador of Spain has become one of the youngest-ever winners of the Tour de France. But his victory was overshadowed by doping allegations that derailed many competitors.

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It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: Consumer Spending, Obama Affirmative-Action Comments

Economist Julianne Malveaux and Farai Chideya discuss the latest in economic and employment news. Topics include a report that consumers spent slightly less this past April than they did in March, and comments by Barack Obama on affirmative action.

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UC Regents Discuss Executive Pay. Ballot Measure to Crack Down on Sex Offenders. End Music.


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The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Remembering John B. Anderson

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Rep. John B. Anderson, Illinois congressman, died Sunday at the age of 95. The Midwest Republican disliked big government and supported the Equal Rights Amendment.

Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: Columnist: Blagojeveich's 'Hubris' Surprising

Chicago Sun-Times columnist Laura Washington says people are surprised by Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich's "hubris." She says accusations that he solicited bribes to fill Barack Obama's vacant Senate seat might make that position less desirable.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Hoosier Boo-sier, The Okay Satan, Egg McRib.


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Question: Arizona Leaders Look at Sustainability

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Environmentalists aren't the only ones talking about sustainability anymore.  KJZZ's Mark Brodie speaks with two of the authors of a new report on the subject, and how it relates to Arizona.

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: California State University vs. Its Faculty

This morning's first hour explores issues driving the contract impasse between the California State University system and its faculty.

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Artist Cy Twombly Dies At 83

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American artist Cy Twombly died Tuesday in Rome. He was 83. Melissa Block speaks with Josef Helfenstein, the director of the Menil Collection in Houston, where much of Twombly's art is on display.

Stories: 1) 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' Gears Up for New Season 2) Evangelist D. James Kennedy Dies at Age 76


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Question: Governor Napolitano on Here and Now

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Governor Napolitano joined Steve Goldstein on KJZZ's Here and Now.  As part of her usual monthly visit, she talked about issues facing the state, campaign politics and answered listener comments and questions as well.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Washington's Weiner; Sarah Palin's Mystery Tour; A Good Reason to Hang up the Phone.


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Question: Details Of The Bin Laden Raid, Recounted By The SEALs

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Steve Inskeep talks with Nicholas Schmidle about his upcoming article in The New Yorker on the Osama bin Laden raid. It's a detailed account of the planning for the operation — much of the information has not been previously disclosed — and a play by play of the night the al-Qaida leader was killed. The account is based on the recollections of the Navy SEAL members who participated in the raid.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Lights Out, It Was A Memorable Super Bowl -- Royal Recovery: Remains ID'd As Those Of King Richard III -- VIDEO: 'Today You Can See That I'm Alive,' Says Malala, Girl Shot By Taliban -- Book News: Myanmar Celebrates As Censorship Recedes; And Oh Those Seussian Hats Other stories making headlines include: -- "8 Dead, 38 Hurt As Tour Bus Crashes In California." (The Associated Press) -- "Motive Still Unclear In Ex-Navy SEAL's Murder." Chris Kyle "Was The Most Lethal Sniper In U.S. Military History." (CBS News) -- "No Change As Midland City Hostage Situation Enters Seventh Day;" 5-Year-Old Boy Being Held Hostage. (AL.com) -- "Syrian Opposition Leader Holds Talks With Russia, Iran." (Morning Edition) -- "Iran Says Israel Will Regret Syria Air Strike." (Reuters)


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Question: Understanding Technology through a Child's Eyes (Rebroadcast)

UNDERSTANDING TECHNOLOGY THROUGH A CHILD'S EYES (REBROADCAST): Kids today rarely think of 'technology' as something separate from themselves. Rather, technology is infused into everything they do and see.  So how can grown-ups rethink design ideas based on what the next generation is thinking? Tech Tuesday explores the intersection of technology and child development.  (52 min.)

Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Question: Later This Hour We'll Hear

Later this hour we'll hear violinist Gil Shaham (shah-HAHM) in Colorado. To set the stage for that performance guitarist Goeran Soellscher (YOO-ran SUHL-shur) joins Shaham for Paganini's Sonata No. 4 for Violin and Guitar from their CD "Paganini for Two." (DG 437 837-2)

Stories: 1) Peter Sagal, Exploring 'Vice' So We Don't Have To 2) A Chorus of Movie Musicals Reprised on DVD


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Question: A New Federal Writers Project

President-elect Barack Obama's plan to invest in the country's infrastructure harkens back to the New Deal. Writer and longtime journalist Mark Pinsky suggests in his article on The New Republic's Web site that Mr. Obama take his plan one step farther and create a new Federal Writers Project. The original program ran from 1935 to 1939 and provided employment to more than 6,000 writers, photographers, editors, and critics who traveled around the country documenting people's lives. Alex Cohen talks with Pinsky about his idea. ALEX COHEN, host:  Faced with all this downsizing, it is a scary time to be a journalist. Much as we might like to, I don't think we can hang our hopes on a federal bailout along the lines of the auto industry or Wall Street.   But perhaps there is something the next administration can do to help keep the craft of reporting alive. That's the thesis of Mark Pinsky. He recently wrote a piece for the New Republic online with this advice - revive the Federal Writers Project. It was first established by Franklin Roosevelt in 1935.  Mr. MARK PINSKY (Journalist and Author): Well, it was part of the larger Works Progress Administration, and like a lot of other sectors of the economy, journalists and writers were out of work. And the idea was to somehow employ these people and their talents and keep them from starving at the same time.   They were organized in a state-by-state basis, small staff in the capitals of each state, and then they hired writers, editors, photographers, cartographers, geographers to create guides in each of the then 48 states and three territories. And later, they branched out into other areas.  COHEN: And some pretty notable writers came out of all of this.  Mr. PINSKY: Oh yes, John Steinbeck, Ralph Ellison, Studs Terkel, who just passed away, were all products of the Federal Writers Project.  COHEN: And what were they able to accomplish?  Mr. PINSKY: They're best known for these state guides, 48 state guides, which are very comprehensive, still used today. Another thing for which it was known were the slave narratives. In the 1930s, there were still approximately 2,300 surviving slaves before the Civil War.   And these writers fanned out and found as many of these people as they could and did lengthy, lengthy interviews about what life was like under slavery. That work was then turned into approximately 17 volumes of slave narratives that are still used as valuable sources for scholarship today.  COHEN: Let's take a listen to one of the recordings that came out of the Federal Writers Projects. This is a recording of a man named H.W. Stucky(ph). He was a Baptist preacher in Florida.  Reverend H.W. STUCKY: During my early childhood days, my brother-in-law used to carry me about with him at night to these old-fashioned dances. They would often send for him for 10 and 15 miles around to come and call sets. And one of the songs I remember well was like this. (Singing) Touching, (unintelligible) knitting, never knew. I had no one to help me, and I had it all to do.  COHEN: Mark Pinsky, at the time when these recordings were made, recording was still a pretty novel idea, and I think people were fascinated by it, but in today's world, it's not as novel. You know, people take pictures of themselves with their cell phones, and it's posted on Twitter or Facebook immediately. So, why would there be a need for outside writers to come along and document things?  Mr. PINSKY: One of the things that characterized the original Federal Writers Project was that they focused on people whose voices were rarely heard, people who were thought not to be part of history. If those aren't preserved, television and - no offense - radio will really wipe out those unique aspects of American culture.  COHEN: Can you explain how a Federal Writers Project might work under President-elect Barack Obama's administration?  Mr. PINSKY: I see it as a kind of meld between the Pell grants and the National Endowment for the Humanities grants. Individuals or groups would go, and they would present a project. They would present it to either a local community college or a local university, or, conversely, the colleges and universities could post projects that they would like to see done.   People at the community colleges or the universities would then approve or not approve, send it on to Washington, where a small staff would review the programs, review the grants, approve or not approve, and then send the money back.  COHEN: Mark, you recently lost your job as a religion writer with the Orlando Sentinel. Is there some self-interest here, perhaps?  Mr. PINSKY: In a general sense, this would not be aimed at trying to bail out the newspaper business, but it would help the workers, that is people who are making a transition to something else. And it wouldn't just have to be old geezers like me, but for young writers who would like to get started - young journalists, young videographers for whom there are not starter

Healthcare Reform Update. Eminent Domain on K Street. End Music.


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Question: The Sea Captain's Wife

Listen in to our earlier conversation with MARTHA HODES, author of "The Sea Captain's Wife: A True Story of Love, Race, and War in the Nineteenth Century." Hodes is professor of history at New York University.


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Question: Trump Asks Supreme Court To Block House Subpoena For His Tax Records

President Trump is appealing to the U.S. Supreme Court to keep his personal tax records out of the hands of the House Oversight Committee, marking the second time in two days that he has challenged a subpoena for those documents. The committee issued its subpoena in March, directed at the president's accounting firm Mazars USA. Last month a divided three-judge federal panel ruled that the House had a legitimate legislative pursuit in seeking the president's records. On Wednesday, the full U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit rejected an appeal by Trump's lawyers to reconsider the case. The president's legal team filed an application for a stay with Chief Justice John Roberts. "For the first time in our nation's history, Congress has subpoenaed the personal records of a sitting President from before he was in office," read a statement from Jay Sekulow, one of the president's lawyers. "And, for the first time in our nation's history, a court upheld a congressional subpoena to the President for his personal papers. Those decisions are wrong and should be reversed." The president's lawyers are casting the dispute as a case "that raises important separation-of-powers issues." In the court filing Friday, another Trump lawyer, William Consovoy, warned of the precedent in allowing a congressional committee to subpoena the president's personal information. "Given the temptation to dig up dirt on political rivals, intrusive subpoenas into personal lives of Presidents will become our new normal in times of divided government — no matter which party is in power," wrote Consovoy. The president's request comes a day after his lawyers asked the Supreme Court to block another subpoena for his tax records issued by a New York grand jury. In that case, New York County District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr. is investigating alleged hush-money payments made by then-candidate Trump in the 2016 presidential campaign to two women who said they had affairs with him. Vance's inquiry centers on whether Trump's aides falsified business records related to the payments.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- California Wildfires Spread, Spurred On By Strong Winds. -- U.S. Decision On Jerusalem Sparks Anger And Concern. -- Recount Likely In Close Atlanta Mayoral Race. -- 'French Elvis' Johnny Hallyday Dies At 74.  -- British Intelligence Reportedly Foils Plot To Kill Prime Minister. And here are more early headlines: House Delays Stop Gap Spending Bill Vote. (The Hill) Impeachment Articles To Be Introduced In House. (Washington Post) Trump, Jr. To Speak Privately To House Intel Committee. (NBC) Kirstjen Nielsen Confirmed As Homeland Security Secretary. (Politico) Russian Lawmakers To Bar Certain U.S. Media From Chamber. (Reuters)


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Question: Memo To The Rest of You...

In the latest political love poem from the national media to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the new edition of Esquire magazine proclaims that the governor is leading the nation into a ¿new kind of politics.¿

The March cover story, ¿The President of 12% of Us,¿ takes a quick tour of recent political goings-on in California en route to [...]

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Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert weren't the only funny ones at The Rally  to Restore Sanity and/or Fear on the National Mall Saturday. Here are  some of the signs we spotted throughout the day. God Hates Snuggies I Was Told There'd Be Cookies. We Have Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself, And Spiders. Kitlers Against Hitler Analogies Government Doesn't Suck Real Patriots Drink Whiskey Don't Tread On Anyone That's No Moon Hyperbole Or Instant Death Slogans Are Crap I Stand 4 Good Posture I'm A Veteran. I'm An American. I Am Muslim. I Support The Right To Arm Bears Calm The F*** Down America Fear Is Illogical Just Stop Bickering And Clean This Mess Up THIS FONT IS BIG Going Out Of Business Everything 70-80 Percent Off I Am Moderately Excited For This Stand On The Right, Walk On The Left You Don't Have To Be Nice, Just Don't Be Mean Libraries Are Socialist Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet I thought Neil Young was going to be playing 1 Percent Sane, 98 Percent American, You Do The Math! Olivia Munn Fan (No ...  Really ...) Fear Gives Me A Boehner My Wife Is A Muslim And Not A Terrorist, But I'm Scared Of Her Anyway Abide CAPSLOCK IS NOT PERSUASIVE Festivas For The Rest Of Us I Heart Beck's Album Mellow Gold It Was His Best In My Opinion Senate Math 41 > 59 Yelling Rarely Works ... I Know, I'm A Mom! Don't Stomp On My Head, Bro


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Question: Airbnb Settles Suit With San Francisco, Aims To Smooth Host Registration

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The city of San Francisco has settled with Airbnb and HomeAway, concluding a lawsuit brought by the two short-term home rental companies by agreeing to new registration procedures for prospective hosts. The case, which had been heard in federal court, hinged on how the companies comply with a recently instituted city law. "This agreement helps protect the city's precious housing supply by obligating these companies to ensure that all their listings are legal and properly registered," City Attorney Dennis Herrera said Monday in a statement. "This is a game changer." In Airbnb's federal lawsuit — which the company filed in June last year, and which HomeAway later joined — the companies objected to the steep fines they faced if their hosts failed to register with the city as short-term rentals. The city's board of directors had decided to introduce those fines as a means of adding teeth to a 2015 law mandating the registration. Herrera's office estimates that about 2,100 short-term rental hosts have registered in San Francisco — in other words, only about a quarter of the number of listings for Airbnb in the city. But with the settlement, both sides have agreed to streamline the registration process, automatically sending new host applicants from the companies' websites straight to the city's Office of Short-Term Rentals. The agreement also requires the companies to provide the office with listings on a monthly basis, so that San Francisco officials can compare these listings with its own registration records. "Similar to other agreements we have established with cities all around world, this agreement puts in place the systems and tools needed to help ensure our community is able to continue to share their homes," Airbnb spokesman Christopher Nulty said in a statement, according to the San Francisco Chronicle. "Once fully implemented, every host in San Francisco will be registered and compliant with home-sharing rules the city put in place in 2014." The paper reports that "within six months, Airbnb and HomeAway will require all new hosts to be registered with San Francisco before they can post a rental listing on either site." Yet San Francisco is not the only city with whom Airbnb has shared some friction. TechCrunch notes the other cities the company has sued:  "In Anaheim, Airbnb filed a lawsuit, which has since been dismissed because Anaheim 'pulled back their law,' [Airbnb Head of Global Policy Chris] Lehane said. In Miami, a judge ruled last week in Airbnb's favor and there's a bit of a grey area in Santa Monica, Lehane said. Last year, Airbnb settled its lawsuit with New York City."

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Question: N.Y. Blackout History

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Jon Nielsen joins Michele Norris to talk about previous blackouts in New York. The last two outages of this magnitude occurred in 1965 and 1977.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: New Reports of Abuse in Iraq Detention Centers

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Reports surface of another Iraqi Interior Ministry detention center where inmates were reportedly subject to abuse. Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari said 13 of the 625 inmates at the center required medical treatment, but he gave no details. A similar case came to light last month.

Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


Question: Benny Golson: From Jazz to Hollywood and Back

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Saxophone player Benny Golson played with jazz greats Dizzy Gillespie and Art Blakey, and wrote music for the TV shows M*A*S*H and Mission Impossible. He talks about his role in reshaping Blakey's band as well as the bit part in a Stephen Spielberg movie that helped revitalize his career. Born Jan. 25, 1929, in Philadelphia, Golson was at the center of the jazz world during the late 1950s and early '60s. While much admired as a soloist, it is his record as a jazz composer that is almost unmatched among living musicians, with the exception of Herbie Hancock. In the span of just a few years, Golson wrote no fewer than eight tunes regarded as jazz standards. They include "Killer Joe," "Along Came Betty," "Stablemates," "Whisper Not," "Blues March," "Five Spot After Dark," "Are You Real?" and "I Remember Clifford." The latter was a ballad written to commemorate his friend Clifford Brown, a brilliant trumpeter and composer who was killed at age 25 in a car accident. Golson grew up playing tenor saxophone in regular jam sessions with a remarkable array of other future giants of jazz. John Coltrane, Philly Joe Jones, Red Garland, Brown and others were regulars at those sessions. "During the summer — no school. So we had jam sessions almost every day," Golson remembers. "My mother had a linoleum rug in the living room. We wore that rug out!" Golson studied music at Howard University, graduating in 1950, though he says that jazz was frowned upon at the time by the music department there. Golson's education in jazz came in jam sessions, and on the road. As a young man, he toured and recorded with the rhythm and blues outfits of "Bull Moose" Jackson and Earl Bostic. Getting fired by Bostic allowed Golson to take the invitation of Quincy Jones to join Dizzy Gillespie's band. In Gillespie's band, Golson played alongside another young Philadelphian, trumpeter Lee Morgan, with whom he'd soon make several landmark recordings — including "I Remember Clifford." Golson played a central role in the creation of Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers' Moanin'. That 1958 record is one of the landmark albums in the story of jazz, and was one of Blakey's own favorites from his group's 46-year history. After talking Blakey into replacing his entire band with musicians he knew from Philadelphia, Golson created tunes and arrangements that show off Blakey's dynamic personality as a drummer — in particular on "Blues March" and "The Drum Thunder Suite." One day when the band was on tour in Columbus, Ohio, Golson goaded pianist Bobby Timmons into finishing a now classic title tune, "Moanin.'" During this period, Golson also recorded several albums of his own, including "Benny Golson's New York Scene" in 1957. After two years with Blakey's Jazz Messengers, he joined trumpeter Art Farmer in forming a group called the Jazztet. By the mid-1960s, though, Golson was no longer at the vanguard of jazz. In 1967 — three years after John Coltrane's "A Love Supreme" — Golson did a record that covered the theme to "The Magnificent Seven," a Cool Whip ad, and other arrangements that echoed the bachelor pad music of Juan Garcia Esquivel. Unhappy with his sound on the saxophone, Golson again heeded the call of his friend Quincy Jones — who this time urged Golson to go to Hollywood to write for television. Soon he was cranking out music for episodes of shows including M*A*S*H, The Partridge Family, The Mod Squad and Mission Impossible. Golson enjoyed the work, which he recalls as totally different from his work in jazz. "You can write quite freely, using all kinds of techniques: pan-diatonic writing, binary and trinary chords — things that go beyond what you do in jazz," he says. "Twentieth Century Fox, they were like the Rolls Royce. You'd have the picture playing while you were recording the music, so you'd see it fit. But [at] Columbia — like The Partridge Family — you only saw on paper what you were supposed to do. You never saw the images. The only time you heard the music with the images was when it came on TV, like everybody else." Wrapped up in writing music for television, film and commercials, Golson says, he didn't play his saxophone for seven years. Then he "got the itch" again, though he says it took him years to become comfortable with his sax. Since his return to jazz, he's recorded a fresh catalog of albums — most recently a CD called Terminal 1, inspired by his role in Steven Spielberg's 2004 film, The Terminal, which starred Tom Hanks and Catherine Zeta-Jones. Golson's late career commissions have also included a violin piece for Itzhak Perlman. In 1996, Golson was named a Jazz Master by the National Endowment for the Arts. Features in this series are produced by David Schulman and NPR's Jeffrey Freymann-Weyr. STEVE INSKEEP, Host:  He wrote for the TV shows "M*A*S*H" and "Mission Impossible." That's his music. He even did a commercial for Liquid-Plumr. Before he put down his tenor sax and went to Hollywood, though, Golson wrote and recorded

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Stories: 1) New Albums By Booker T. And Allen Toussaint 2) Booker T. Jones: Onions, Potatoes, Other Essentials 3) Passionate About The Passive Voice


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Question: The 150 Greatest Albums Made By Women

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Five journalists join forces to unpack NPR Music's 'Turning The Tables' list.

Stories: 1) Colin Meloy of The Decemberists 2) Remembering Father Robert Drinan 3) The Metropolitan Opera in a Theater Near You


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Question: How Trump's Presidency Has Affected Diplomacy

NPR's Lulu Garcia-Navarro talks to veteran diplomat Lewis Lukens about the State Department and America's standing in the world under Donald Trump's leadership.

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Good morning. The top story so far, as we've been reporting, is that authorities in Yemen say U.S.-born anti-American al-Qaida cleric Anwar al-Awlaki is dead. We'll keep following that story as it develops. Other top stories: -- "Obama Administration Widens Challenges To State  Immigration Laws." (The Washington Post) -- The Federal Reserve's "Operation Twist" May Be "More Powerful Than Many Investors Expect." (The Wall Street Journal) -- "In European Crisis, Experts See Little Hope For A Quick Fix." (The New York Times) -- "Cyber Attacks Mounting Fast In U.S." (CBS News) -- "Obama's Buffett Rule Backed By 63% Of Investors." (Bloomberg News) -- "Obama's Former Campaign Funders On Wall Street Turn Against Him." (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

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Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, Mozart's opera of love and intrigue "Cosi fan Tutte." 13:15  OUTCUE: ..."COSI FAN TUTTE." [PLUS TAIL]

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Supreme Game, Making Advice Great Again, Havanabama

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: A Proms Fairy Tale: Humperdinck's 'Hansel and Gretel'

Nearly two centuries ago, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm did the world a lasting favor by assembling, writing down and publishing a collection of classic stories, now known as the Grimm's Fairy Tales.  Those stories have done far more than give parents something to read their kids at bedtime -- they've also inspired an astonishing variety of music. 	Disney alone came up with numerous animated, musical versions of some of the most famous Grimm's tales:  Snow White, Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty.  Tchaikovsky and Prokofiev both wrote ballets based on stories from the Grimms' collection -- in Tchaikovsky' s case more than one.  And plenty of the Grimms' other tales have inspired music, movies, theater and even TV shows, including Rapunzel, Rumpelstiltskin, The Princess and the Frog and Hansel and Gretel. But what about Hansel and Gretel?  It's a great story, and it's hardly less famous than any of those others.  But when it comes to adaptations, it seems a bit neglected.  Why no Disney movie?  Why not a Hansel and Gretel ballet or a kids' TV classic?    The answer to that seeming neglect might be that there is a Hansel and Gretel opera, and though it was written back in the 1890's, it's a hard act to follow even now. When the composer Engelbert Humperdinck decided to set a few songs from the Grimm brothers' Hansel and Gretel to music, he probably had little idea how far those melodies would travel.  The request had come from the composer's sister, and the songs went over so well that Humperdinck was urged to turn the story into a full-fledged opera.  He finished it in 1893, and within a year of its premiere, the opera had been performed in more than 70 theaters.  Gustav Mahler led the Hamburg premiere in 1894.  A few months later the opera arrived in London, and the American premiere took place in New York in 1895.   Humperdinck had never been a full time musician, and his score for Hansel and Gretel has absorbed a bit of criticism.  Some find that its Wagnerian orchestral writing seems at odds with its folk-like melodies and naive charm, and there are moments when is sound a bit like a cross between Das Rheingold and The Merry Widow.  But the score's unusual combination of elements also creates a uniquely appealing musical aesthetic that has surely played a big role in making it an all-time favorite.  And the opera did wonders for Humperdinck.  Within a few years of writing Hansel and Gretel, and with his wallet bulging with royalties, he was able to quit his various day jobs and devote all his time to composing. On World of Opera, host Lisa Simeone presents Humperdinck's opera in a production from the 2010 Proms Concerts in London, performed at the Royal Albert Hall.  Mezzo-soprano Alice Coote and soprano Lydia Teuscher are Hansel and Gretel, with tenor Wolfgang Ablinger-Speerkacke in an unusual star turn as the Knusperhexe -- the fearsome Nibble Witch of Ilsenstein.

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Ted Libbey joins Martin to add the holiday classic for children, Engelbert Humperdinck's opera "Hansel and Gretel" to the P-T Basic Record Library. Then, from one of Ted's recommended recordings, Georg Solti conducts the Vienna Philharmonic and the Vienna Children's Choir in the finale of Act 3 of Humperdinck's "Hansel and Gretel." Brigitte Fassbaender is Hansel and Lucia Popp sings the role of Gretel. (Decca 421 111-2)


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Question: Penicillin Comes Of Age In 'A Fierce Radiance'

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It's common knowledge that Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. A lucky wind blew a few spores into his Petri dish, and the rest is history. That's true as far as it goes, author Lauren Belfer says, but what people forget is that Fleming couldn't do much with his miraculous discovery because penicillin was so tough to produce. It lay dormant until the outbreak of World War II, and in the meantime, people continued to die from causes as tiny as a scratch on the knee.  Belfer's new novel, A Fierce Radiance, picks up the story of penicillin just after the outbreak of the war, when pharmaceutical companies were racing to perfect mass-production of the drug. Belfer tells NPR's Lynn Neary that the story of penicillin is a family story for her. "For all the years that I knew her, my elderly aunt kept on her bureau a photograph of her brother when he was about 10 years old, sitting in a canoe with his father, having a wonderful time on a summer vacation."  A year later, Belfer says, the boy was dead. "He died on the Fourth of July, in the 1920s, of a fast-moving infection, and there was nothing his doctors could do." Penicillin was notoriously difficult to make. Belfer estimates that when the war broke out in 1939, there were only a few teaspoons of the drug in the entire country. But the pace of development picked up when scientists began looking for new ways to treat infections in battlefield wounds.  "What they found was that the mold, the penicillium mold, grew best in a flat surface. And they just didn't have the technology to create huge flat surfaces, so they used what was at hand," Belfer says. "It was very much an at-home kitchen process" using milk bottles and bedpans to grow the precious mold. By 1944, every soldier going ashore on D-Day had penicillin in his kit. Penicillin was a major military priority, Belfer says, since it was considered a weapon of war. "The United States government took over the production," she says, "and penicillin was made under the supervision of the same group that was supervising the Manhattan Project for the atomic bomb."  Because the government controlled the production, it also took over the patents on penicillin, forbidding pharmaceutical companies from profiting from their work on the drug. Much of the intrigue in A Fierce Radiance comes from those companies' behind-the-scenes race to develop what they call the "cousins" -- relatives of penicillin that weren't subject to government restriction. "This became a billion-dollar industry," Belfer says. "It did not exist in 1940." On top of this tale of war and scientific intrigue, Belfer layers the story of glamorous Life magazine photographer Claire Shipley, who's been assigned to cover the development of penicillin. "I read every single issue of Life magazine, from 1939 to 1945," Belfer says, part of an effort to put herself in the shoes of people living through the war.  "I realized that Americans expected that their cities would be bombed. Life magazine gave people advice on what to do during bombing raids. I remember an article about what to do with your pets during bombing raids, because pets weren't allowed in the shelter. That really brought the war home to me." Chapter One Wednesday Morning, December 10, 1941 The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York City Claire Shipley was no doctor, but even she could see that the man on the stretcher was dying. His lips were blue from lack of oxygen. His cheeks were hollow, his skin leathery and tight against his bones. His eyes were open but unfocused, like the glass eyes in a box at a doll factory she’d once photographed. Although his hair was full and dark brown, not gray, Claire pegged him at over eighty. His head swayed from side to side as the orderlies slid the stretcher out of the ambulance and onto the gurney. Beneath the once-white blanket, his right leg was grotesquely swollen. Making a split-second appraisal of the scene, guided by intuition, Claire crouched and pivoted until she found the best angle. Using the 35 mm lens, she stopped down on the Leica to increase the depth of field. She took a quick series of photos, bracketing to guarantee the exposure: the patient in profile and a half-dozen nurses, doctors, and orderlies gathered around him, like a group portrait by Rembrandt, their faces saying their thoughts. They knew he was dying, too. Out here in the cold without their coats on, with the man looking dead already and nobody else nearby but Claire, they dispensed with their usual cheery and encouraging expressions. The group proceeded into the hospital. Claire followed, the others oblivious to her. She was like a spy, paid to fit in, to hide in plain sight, her identity and her loyalties concealed. Her ability to hide in plain sight was a paradox, even to herself, because she was physically striking. Had the others taken the time to notice her, they would have seen a thirty-six-year-old woman filled with the confidence and glamour of s

Stories: 1) Gary Shteyngart: Finding 'Love' In A Dismal Future 2) 'Inferno': A Catastrophic Film Finds Redemption