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Question: Beijing To Chicago: Send Some Of That Snow Our Way!

As we reported earlier, a massive, potentially historic, snowstorm could be in the making for the United States this week. Well in China's capital, they are having the exact opposite problem. The state news agency Xin Hua is reporting that after 83 snowless days into winter, this is the longest dry spell since they started keeping records in 1951. The AP reports the drought is having some real consequences:  Months of dry weather have given China's key wheat-growing province of Shandong its worst drought in at least 40 years. That threatens to put further pressure on surging food prices. Officials in Hebei province tell the state-run Xinhua News Agency that 9 million people there have been affected by drought.  If you remember back in 2009, Chinese scientists claimed they had provoked the earliest recorded snowfall by "seeding" clouds with silver iodide.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- NATO Says It Stands With Turkey In Fight Against ISIS. -- In Libya, Gadhafi's on, Saif Al-Islam, Is Sentenced To Death In Absentia. -- Drawing A Line From The Chinese Stock Market To Your Wallet. And here are more early headlines: Some House Republicans Call For IRS Commissioner To Be Fired. (Washington Post) South Korea Says Its MERS Outbreak Is Over. (Wall Street Journal) There Are 22 Big Wildfires Burning In The West. (USA Today) Suspicious Packages Sent To Oregon Government Buildings. (East Oregonian) NTSB To Release Report On Crash Of Space Tourism Test Plane. (Las Cruces Sun-News) True Crime Author, Ann Rule, Dies; Had Worked With Ted Bundy. (Seattle Times) World's Oldest Giant Panda Turns 37 In Hong Kong. (AFP)


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Question: What Might A Meeting Between Trump And North Korean Leaders Look Like?

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Michael Madden (@Michael_NKLW) runs the website North Korean Leadership Watch, and he joins Here & Now‘s Jeremy Hobson to discuss North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and which other top officials President Trump might meet if a sit-down occurs in the next two months as Trump has indicated.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- U.S. Families Stunned By Russia's Ban On Adoptions. -- Remembering Gen. Schwarzkopf, 'Military Hero Of His Generation'. -- Secretary Clinton Due Back At Work Next Week, 'Foreign Policy' Reports. And the other major story of the day, as we reported late Thursday: -- White House To Host Congressional Leaders Friday For Fiscal Deadline Talks. Meanwhile, other stories making headlines include: -- At Least 17 Deaths Blamed On Winter Storm That Crossed Much Of Nation. (The Associated Press) -- Former President George H.W. Bush Remains In Hospital, But Would Urge Folks To "Put The Harps Back In The Closet," Spokeswoman Says. (Houston Chronicle) -- Shooting Appears To Be Chicago's 500th Homicide This Year. (Chicago Tribune)


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Question: Mike Bloomberg Commits $100 Million To Help Joe Biden Win Florida

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Updated at 1:15 p.m. ET Mike Bloomberg, the former New York City mayor and onetime Democratic presidential candidate, has committed $100 million of his own money to help the party's nominee, Joe Biden, win the state of Florida.  Bloomberg's investment is a potential game changer in Florida, a swing state with expensive media markets.  Florida is also considered a must-win state for President Trump if he is to reach the 270 electoral votes needed to win reelection. Biden, on the other hand, is seen as having several routes to 270, without winning Florida's 29 electoral votes. Bloomberg's big investment would likely force Republicans to spend more time and money in Florida and allow the Biden campaign to focus its resources on other key states.  "Mike Bloomberg is committed to helping defeat Trump, and that is going to happen in the battleground states," Bloomberg senior adviser Kevin Sheekey said in a statement. "Mike's substantial investment in Florida, in addition to his contributions to the DNC and to voter protection and restoration efforts this cycle, will mean Democrats and the Biden campaign can invest even more heavily in other key states like Pennsylvania, which will be critical to a Biden victory." Bloomberg, whose net worth is estimated above $50 billion, spent about $1 billion on his own unsuccessful run for the Democratic nomination. He had then promised to spend whatever it takes to defeat Trump, but through the summer some Democrats were wondering if he would come through on that pledge. The news of Bloomberg's Florida commitment got Trump's attention on Sunday. "I thought Mini Mike was through with Democrat politics after spending almost 2 Billion Dollars, and then giving the worst and most inept Debate Performance in the history of Presidential Politics," Trump said in a tweet. "Pocahontas [Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren] ended his political career on first question, OVER! Save NYC instead." Florida is generally considered a presidential toss up, with neither major party candidate showing a clear lead in the polls. In surveys, Biden is doing better with white voters and seniors than Hillary Clinton did in 2016, but he's not doing as well with non-Cuban Hispanics. A Bloomberg spokesperson says communicating with Hispanic voters will be a key part of the spending strategy. Bloomberg's money will be routed through his own Independence USA super PAC and other Democratic groups.  According to Florida Democratic strategist Steve Schale, the Bloomberg investment is a big deal because Florida has not gotten the same level of outside spending as other swing states.  Also, Schale says, "It's early enough that it can really help." There's another reason an investment in Florida makes sense, Sheekey added in an interview. "If Joe Biden can win Florida on election night, it destroys the lie that the president is trying to propagate — that mail-in ballots will be an attempt to steal the election," he said.  Florida counts its early votes and absentee ballots and reports them on election night. That's notable, as most key states do not record and report their mail-in votes on election night. More Democrats are likely to vote by mail this year than Republicans, partly because Trump has repeatedly warned that mail-in voting is illegitimate. Democrats have been worried about what they call a nightmare scenario: that Trump leads on election night among votes cast in person, declares victory, and says all mail-in ballots yet to be counted are "frauds" — even though most votes counted after election day are likely to be for Biden. Trump has had a head start in Florida. He recently moved his legal residence to the state, where he has multiple properties, and last week he said he'd be willing to put his own money into his campaign.  And Florida was the exception to the rule in 2018. Democrats won races for governor and U.S. Senate in many states but not in Florida, where Republicans held on. The Trump campaign says it is still confident the president can win Florida in November. The Bloomberg spokesperson said he is the single biggest donor to the DNC this cycle. Now Democrats will wait and see if Bloomberg is willing to spend big money in other competitive states like North Carolina or Georgia, or invest in Senate races.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- More Than Twice As Many Women Are Running For Congress In 2018 Compared To 2016. -- Trump Endorses Romney For U.S. Senate, But Does It Signal Détente? -- Maduro Calls Out President Trump On Twitter, Requesting 'Dialogue'. -- MLB Sets New Rules To Speed Up The Game.  -- Canadians Burn Up The Ice, Shib Sibs Win Bronze In 'Incredible' Ice Dance Final. And here are more early headlines: Record Heat, Flooding And Snow In Store For U.S. (USA Today) Intense Syrian Bombing Kills Scores Of Civilians. (Guardian) Florida Students Going To State Capitol To Lobby for Gun Control. (Tallahassee.com) Thai Court Awards Custody Of 13 Children To Man Who Turned To Surrogacy. (Telegraph) Venezuela Launching Crypto Currency, "The Petro". (Bloomberg)


Question: Relief Efforts Underway in India's East Coast

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Sunday's Indian Ocean tsunami wiped many coastal villages off the map in Indonesia and India. In India's east coast, survivors are receiving medical attention, and local authorities have implemented aggressive clean-up efforts to counter disease. Hear reporter Laura Womack in India's Tamil Nadu state.

Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: Life, Death And Remembering Those Bright College Years

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Recently I attended my wife's 25th college reunion. Many aspects of the weekend were what you'd expect: reconnecting with her roommates and friends, catching up on their lives and careers, and (mild) revelry late into the night. As a spouse tagging along, I was braced for a nightmare of never-ending tales of yesteryear in which I'd played no part (my wife and I met after college) and reprisals of long-ago inside jokes. But that's not what happened. Instead, I was inspired by the people I met and deeply touched by the stories they shared. Moreover, I was reminded that suffering and death are inevitable parts of life, and how we cope with and accept them seems to be among the greatest challenges of adulthood. The weekend's festivities had broad-based appeal that any 47-year-old would find compelling. Among the highlights was a "Moth-like" story hour, in which a dozen different classmates volunteered to tell true personal stories in five minutes or less without any notes. Their storytelling prompt was "What's happened since I left college." The next day, a few members of the class talked on a panel to a packed audience on the theme of resilience. Each panelist recounted tragic personal tales of illness, death and lost dreams; and how courage, faith and college friends helped each of them regain some footing to move forward. I wasn't emotionally prepared for how much the weekend's final event affected me: The class memorial service. Led by professional clergy and a literary maven who also happen to be members of the class, the service was an opportunity to remember the names of the 19 Harvard College class of 1991 members who had died. The service was beautiful, evocative, and created a mood in which class members could remember the full spirit and presence of their classmates now gone. I didn't know any of the deceased individuals, so I wasn't expecting to feel so moved in honoring their memory. I think what affected me were the raw and authentic feelings of loss, even at a remove of decades in some of the cases. Of course, the dead were people exactly our own age who were struck down far too early. Upon further reflection, the doctor in me started wondering: Are 19 deaths a lot or a few? In a class of roughly 1,600, that's a little over 1 percent. Dying before age 47 in the U.S. is unusual, extremely so judging by actuarial tables. Imagine a hundred years ago, when the average American only lived to the age of 52, and we had yet to vanquish the infectious diseases that took the lives of so many children. A 25th college reunion would have served as a life valedictory. Now that Americans live, on average, to age 79 (men 77 and women 81), the reunion we attended at age 47 is just beyond life's halfway point. Overlapping with my wife's reunion, her father was celebrating his 55th class reunion. In his (all male) class, there were nearly 250 read and remembered before the traditional tolling of the bell. Statistically, I would have expected a significantly higher mortality rate among a class of 77-year-old males. But these Harvard graduates of the class of 1961 are outliers — not only on average having enjoyed better access to health care over the course of their lives, but also having benefited from premier educational and economic opportunities in life. It's such social determinants of health that affect both the quality of our lives and our life spans — much more so than even the direct medical care we are afforded. [And it certainly doesn't hurt that these men have entered their twilight years during an explosion of knowledge in molecular biology and genetics.] At our memorial service, there were prayer offerings, songs and readings from several religious traditions. One class member even composed an extraordinary piece of music in remembrance of a deceased classmate that was performed at a Boston Pops concert the night before. As the service progressed, I was barely able to breathe during the chanting of El Male Rachamim, a haunting Hebrew prayer for the souls of the departed:  God filled with mercy, dwelling in the heavens' heights, Grant perfect peace beneath the wings of Your Presence, amid the holy and the pure, Illuminating like the brilliance of the skies the souls of our beloved and holy who went to their eternal place of rest.  Tears flowed, and after the service attendees hugged one another and shared remembrances of their departed classmates. At reunion's end, I was heartened by the beauty and restorative power of the memorial service. It makes sense. Even at 47, many of us haven't had much experience with death. Learning to handle it gracefully becomes ever more important as we begin the downslope of our lives. Though those of us that remain constantly struggle with it, death is part of all of our lives. John Henning Schumann is a writer and doctor in Tulsa, Okla. He serves as president of the University of Oklahoma, Tulsa. He also hosts Public Radio Tulsa's Medical Matters. He's on Twitter: @Glass

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: Buffy Sainte-Marie: Native American Folk Legend

In a career spanning more than four decades, Cree Indian singer-songwriter Buffy Sainte-Marie has recorded numerous albums and written Oscar-winning songs. In the 1960s folk revival, she was a folk icon among Bob Dylan and Joan Baez. On her first album in 13 years, Running for the Drum, she expands on the inventive mix of Native American rhythms, electronica and folk music she began many years ago. The second track of the new album, "Cho Cho Fire," is a driving rock song featuring a 30-year-old field recording. "The Black Lodge Singers were at a powwow maybe 30 years ago," Sainte-Marie tells host Scott Simon. "My nephew went to the meeting in Saskatchewan and recorded a snippet of them when they were kids. And they have gone on to become one of the most beloved powwow groups in the world. I took a snippet of this 30-year-old cassette, and I embedded it into a new song I was writing called 'Cho Cho Fire.' " Sainte-Marie was one of the first songwriters to take advantage of emerging music technology in the late '60s. On her 1969 album Illuminations, nearly all the electronically processed sounds came from Sainte-Marie's voice or guitar. "I really had a head start on digital technology, because I entered it by the way of music," Sainte-Marie says. On Tour To Get Away In between albums, Sainte-Marie keeps herself busy. For the past 13 years, most of Sainte-Marie's time has been occupied by The Cradleboard Teaching Project, which provides updated curricula for educators about Native Americans. "Native American people wanted to be understood, because Native American people suffer from being misperceived," Sainte-Marie says. "There's just nothing out there in the mainstream curriculum." Apart from her music career, Sainte-Marie was once a regular on Sesame Street, where she taught children about sibling rivalry, Native American people and practices, and breast-feeding. America The Beautiful In 2002, John Herrington was the first Native American to fly in space, and NASA invited Sainte-Marie to be a part of the launch. She says she was thinking about the rural places in the Western Hemisphere where "you can still see the stars and the trees and the animals." That inspired her to sing and eventually record "America the Beautiful" for Running for the Drum. A Song For A Dollar Sainte-Marie is a big proponent of music on the Internet. While she doesn't consider herself a techie, she says she uses programs for art, songwriting and swapping music. "People think we aren't making any money on the Internet, but we weren't making any money when record companies were controlling everything, either," she says. Case in point: Sainte-Marie gave away the publishing rights to her famous tune "Universal Soldier" for one dollar. The story goes that The Highwaymen came into The Gaslight in Greenwich Village in New York and heard "Universal Soldier." They came up to her and said they wanted to record the song. When asked who the publisher was, Sainte-Marie responded, "What's that?" Within minutes, someone had made up a contract on a napkin to buy the publishing rights for one dollar. Ten years later, Sainte-Marie bought it back for $25,000. (Soundbite of song)  Ms. BUFFY SAINTE-MARIE (Singer): (Singing) Ooh, you better wake up…  SCOTT SIMON, host:  Buffy Sainte-Marie has a new CD out. It's her first in 13 years. It's called "Running for the Drum." This song is called "Cho Cho Fire."  (Soundbite of song, "Cho Cho Fire")  Ms. SAINTE-MARIE: (Singing) Are you ready, come on now, it's a new world, cho cho fire. Listen to the drumbeats, it's my heartbeat, have a little fun now, cho cho fire…  SIMON: Buffy Sainte-Marie is Cree Indian, born in Canada, raised in Massachusetts, and was an icon in the '60s folk music explosion during the time of Dylan, Joan Baez and Leonard Cohen. But over the years, Buffy Sainte-Marie has also written Oscar-winning movie songs, performed pop and opera, and otherwise defied being defined as just one or two things. Buffy Sainte-Marie joins us from our studios in New York. Thanks so much for being with us.  Ms. SAINTE-MARIE: Hi, Scott.  SIMON: What's the story of "Cho Cho Fire"?  Ms. SAINTE-MARIE: "Cho Cho Fire" - oh, gosh. Actually, the Black Lodge Singers were at a powwow maybe 30 years ago, and my nephew went to the powwow in Saskatchewan and recorded a little snippet of them when they were kids. And of course, they've gone on to be one of the most beloved powwow groups in the world. And I took a snippet of this 30-year-old cassette, and I embedded it into a new song that I was writing, called "Cho Cho Fire."  (Soundbite of song "Cho Cho Fire")  SIMON: Tell us how you put an album together because in reading this material - I mean, do I get this wrong, you've got a studio in Hawaii and a laptop, and that's what you do?  (Soundbite of laughter)  Ms. SAINTE-MARIE: That's kind of it. No, I've had a studio for a real long time. I got into electronic music in the '60s with an album called "Illuminations," whereby al

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Stories: 1) Anna McGarrigle: On Life Without Her Sister 2) 'Big Girl Small': Humiliation, High School Style


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Question: Garry Wills: "What Paul Meant"

Forum in conversation with historian Garry Wills about the New Testament writings of Saint Paul.

Stories: 1) Jacob Weisberg, Chronicling 'The Bush Tragedy' 2) Sean Michael Flynn, 'From Ground Zero to Baghdad'


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Question: Johnny Grant, Hollywood's Affable 'Mayor'

Johnny Grant is the guardian of Hollywood's Walk of Fame, famous for the stars dedicated to notables in the entertainment business. As Producers leading man Matthew Broderick gets his star, Grant talks about his 50 years in Tinsel Town. Susan Stamberg reports.

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Stories: 1) Gene Autry, America's 'Public Cowboy No. 1' 2) Dolly Parton: No 'Better Day' Than Today 3) How E.B. White Spun 'Charlotte's Web'


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Question: David Brion Davis, Historian Of Slavery, Dies At 92

David Brion Davis, a Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award-winning author of an influential trilogy on slavery, has died at 92. Davis was awarded a National Humanities medal in 2014.

Stories: 1) Michael Beschloss: Critical Moments, Critical Choices 2) Lesbian Activist, Pioneering Journalist Del Martin 3) 'Trouble The Water' Captures Katrina On Camcorder


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Question: 'We Make Stuff Every Day': King Krule's Archy Marshall On His New Multi-Media Album

Drake's viral hit "Hotline Bling" has been viewed by millions and has launched meme after meme on social media, but when asked about the rapper, Archy Marshall pleads ignorance. In fact, it seems safe to say that the relationship between the London singer, songwriter and producer better known as King Krule and popular culture in general is a one-way street. His songs have earned plaudits from Beyonce and have been covered by Willow Smith, but the red-headed 21-year-old with a distinctive baritone shows little interest in the world beyond his neighborhood in southeast London. That fact is on vivid, street-level display in Marshall's new mixed-media project, A New Place 2 Drown, his first major release since his 2013 debut album, 6 Feet Beneath The Moon. Reflecting the Internet-wary Marshall's preference for tangible experiences, the core of A New Place 2 Drown is a 208-page coffee-table tome of artwork, poems and photographs assembled in collaboration with his brother, the visual artist Jack Marshall. "This book is a scrapbook of our relationship and how we see the world," Archy told me. Another piece of the effort is a short documentary (which you can watch here) directed by filmmaker Will Robson-Scott. Crucially for King Krule fans, there's also a 37-minute set of music, this time attributed to Archy Marshall rather than one of the performer's several aliases. ADVISORY: This video contains brief illustrated images of nudity. In a nearly hour-long Skype conversation from Archy's smoke-filled bedroom in his mother's East Dulwich home, the brothers interacted with each other in a casual, roundabout way that naturally suited their work's candid feel. The two confirmed plans for a second King Krule album, revealed they won't tour behind the music on A New Place 2 Drown and unveiled at least tentative hopes for, naturally, a musical inspired by the 1991 film Slacker. Why a mixed-media project this time instead of a conventional album release? Archy Marshall: I like the physicality of it. I like the fact that you can touch it and lick it and do stuff to it. I like that side of things. "Physicality" was a word that occurred to me, too. How do you feel about streaming? Archy Marshall: Streaming's cool, but... It's hard to get a sense of the artist nowadays. And the Internet's taken over. People can — not wing it, but they can kinda wing it. They can just be out here, having their whole persona online. I'd say gigs is the main way I like to listen to music. I like to feel the performance. And the art side of it — art I feel is hardly accessible for just normal people as well. Nowadays you gotta buy pieces for mad amounts of money to get into an artist, or to feel that you're a part of that artist's career. Whereas this book, you can just buy it, and it's got a lot of art in it, and a lot of poetry. It's a family affair, too. You're brothers, of course, but Archy, you studied painting in school, and your grandfather was an artist, and your uncle. And your mother is in design. How did your family influence this project? Jack Marshall: When we were kids, there was a lot of emphasis on, instead of watching TV and stuff, it'd be like, if you're bored, or if you don't have anything to do, or if you need to calm down or something, you go and draw, or you listen to music. Archy Marshall: Yeah, creativity was just always like... Jack Marshall: ...It's always completely present. And also, yeah, in a practical world we were taught it could be something that you did... Archy Marshall: Something you can sell... (Laughs) Jack Marshall: ...something that you did to feel better about stuff. Archy Marshall: It was put into my skull at a young age that it was an extension of yourself. Not in a cheesy way but in a way that just, when making a mark, it's a physical mark that you made. So stuff like writing on a wall or carving something into something. You'd know that that was always you who done it. That always fascinated me. And with music, it's this crazy thing you can't see, but you hear it, and then with art it's this thing that you feel. I've always been obsessed with trying to incorporate both things madly together. Jack Marshall: Art featuring a lot around the house and music being played a lot made us want to do project like this, where the book is an accompaniment to the music, and the music is a soundtrack to the book. And you have this immersive experience that you can enjoy on your own. Archy Marshall: Our family was always just taking us to gigs casually. Not making us dance, but dancing was a big part of it. Say it was outside, we'd be drawing with chalk on the ground. That whole lifestyle was mad romantic to both of us. It feels like the book, the music and the documentary all captures where you live in south London.  Archy Marshall: I've always made music about myself. I get so much influence from New York and L.A. and stuff like that anyway that I don't think it's really necessarily about this area, but it's like, it

Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: Martha Washington's Letters Reveal A Vital Partner To George

Researchers are tracking down a new stash of letters from Martha Washington. Edward Lengel of The Washington Papers project at the University of Virginia tells NPR's Rachel Martin what's in the trove.

Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: A Snapshot Of Indonesia: The Country Behind The Election

Following a fierce presidential battle in Indonesia, both candidates — Jakarta Gov. Joko "Jokowi" Widodo and his rival, former Gen. Prabowo Subianto — are declaring victory. Official results won't come out for another two weeks. The vote marks the country's third direct presidential election since Suharto, Indonesia's last dictator, was ousted in 1998. Nearly two decades after his brutal rule, how does the world's third-largest democracy fare in terms of global health and development markers?

Stories: 1) The Fascinating World Of The Dung Beetle 2) Westbound Records: The Sounds Of Detroit


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Question: Little Time To Celebrate Iowa; It's On To New Hampshire

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Caucus night is over. Sen. Ted Cruz was the winner on the Republican side and Hillary Clinton pulled out victory in a very close race with Sen. Bernie Sanders. New Hampshire holds a primary next week.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Trayvon Martin Case: Voice Calling For Help Isn't Zimmerman's, Experts Say. -- Mega Millions Mystery: Who Won? -- Bin Laden's Wives, Daughters Sentenced To 45 Days Detention, Deportation. Other stories in the news: -- "1.5 Million Card Numbers At Risk From Hack." (CNNMoney.com) -- "Plane Carrying 43 Crashes In Siberia; 31 Dead." (The Associated Press) -- "Suu Kyi Hails 'Triumph Of The People' After Myanmar Election Win." (MSNBC.com) -- Public Policy Polling Survey Puts Romney Ahead By 7 Points In Wisconsin. (Politico) -- Kansas, Kentucky Tip Off At 9:23 ET In Men's NCAA Basketball Final. (CBSSports.com) -- "Notre Dame, Baylor To Meet For NCAA Women's Final." (The Associated Press)


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Question: Terrorism Investigation

Liane speaks with Josh Meyer of the Los Angeles Times about the continuing investigation into terrorist activities in this country and around the world.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: LAPD Could Offer Cash Bonuses to Recruits

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Los Angeles is looking to raise the ante in the stiff competition for police officers around California. Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa proposes spending a million dollars on cash bonuses for anyone who'll go to work for the LAPD.

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Good morning - here are some stories we're following today: Luxury Cars Do Poorly In New Type Of Crash Test. Unsealed Documents 'Hint At The Evidence' In Colorado Shootings. N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, Fla. Senator Marco Rubio To Give Key Speeches At Republican National Convention. (National Journal) Western Wildfires Destroy Homes, Leave One Firefighter Dead. (AP) Defected Syrian Prime Minister Claims Assad Regime Is Collapsing. (BBC) In A Change, Iran Now Welcomes Aid For Earthquake Victims. (VOA) French Youths Clash With Police For Second Night. (Reuters) Violence Turns Deadly Between Two Unions At South African Platinum Mine. (AllAfrica.com) Educational Accrediting Agency Issues Warning To Penn State. (USA Today) Conn. Woman Wrongly Billed For 25 Years For Streetlights, Gets Refund. (Hartford Courant)


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Question: NATO: Russia Uses Shadow Soldiers In Eastern Ukraine

NATO has been watching Russia as it took over part of Ukraine, and massed troops near another part. Steve Inskeep talks to NATO commander General Philip Breedlove.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Gen. David Petraeus Will Be Sentenced Thursday Over Secret Notebooks. -- Saudi Airstrikes Target Houthi Forces In Yemen, Despite Talks Of Peace. -- Michael Brown's Family Will Sue Ferguson Over Police Shooting Death. And here are more early headlines: E.U. Holds Emergency Summit On Migrant Crisis, As Italy Rescues More Migrants. (BBC) Report: North Korea May Have Several Nuclear Warheads. (Wall Street Journal) U.S. Says Russia Is Building Air Defense System Inside Ukraine. (Reuters) Financial Crisis Could Force Puerto Rican Government To Shut Down. (Reuters) Hearing Today For Minnesotans Charged With Trying To Join ISIS. (AP)


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Question: Trump-Kim Summit Ends With No Deal

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NPR's Rachel Martin speaks with Korea expert Sue Mi Terry about the lack of a deal between President Trump and Kim Jong Un over denuclearization in North Korea.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lloyds Says It Will Block Bitcoin Purchases On Its Credit Cards.  -- Top North Korean Official To Lead Delegation To Olympics. -- South Africa's ANC Meets To Decide Fate Of President Jacob Zuma.  -- CHART: How Trump's Immigration Proposal Compares With Other Plans. -- Vice President Pence To Keep Pressure On North Korea, Despite South Korean Warming. And here are more early headlines: Iraq Says U.S. Starts Drawing Down Its Troops In Iraq. (VOA) Syrian, Russian War Planes Attack Rebel Positions. (Washington Post) The U.S. Government Faces Another Potential Shutdown This Week. (CNN) Trump To Highlight Tax Law Today In Cincinnati. (AP/WKBN) Jerome Powell To Be Sworn In As Federal Reserve Chair. (New York Times)


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Question: Software industry wants consumers to rat on software pirates who sell on eBay

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Software industry offers a bounty for turning in software pirates who sell their counterfit goods on eBay

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Two weeks ago, the Recording Industry Association of America announced plans to sue music fans who illegally swap copyright songs online.  But some techies are already working on programs that help people share files while evading the recording industry. Laura Sydell reports.


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Given ['Represent the next text', 'Filmically Perfect: "DOUBLE INDEMNITY" (1944)'] it matches with ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR!', "Phyllis (Stanwyck): There's a speed limit in this state, Mr. Neff. 45 miles an hour.  Walter (MacMurray): How fast was I going, officer?  Phyllis: I'd say around 90.  Walter: Suppose you get down off your motorcycle and give me a ticket."] but not with ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Film critic DAVID THOMSON and filmmaker and director JAMES TOBACK. They interview each other for a revival of round table discussion at "Spoken Word at the Algonquin" in New York city\'s famous Algonquin Hotel, and discuss the state of moviemaking and movie criticism today. THOMSON\'s latest book is "Beneath Mulholland: Thoughts on Hollywood and its Ghosts" (Knopf). TOBACK directed the movies "Fingers," "Exposed," and "The Pick up Artist." (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:']

Question: The Portland Baroque Orchestra,

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The Portland Baroque Orchestra, conducted by Paul Goodwin, performs the Concerto Grosso in G minor, op. 6, No. 6, by Handel. Recorded in concert late last year in Portland, Oregon. (Fred Armentrout Recordings/Oregon Public Broadcasting) 17:00

Maute takes the solo spotlight in the Suite in E-flat for "Flute Pastourelle," by Telemann.  Maute is part of the ensemble Rebel, which we hear in concert at the Boston Early Music Festival.


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Question: Governor Napolitano on Here and Now

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Governor Napolitano joined Steve Goldstein on KJZZ's Here and Now.  As part of her usual monthly visit, she talked about issues facing the state, campaign politics and answered listener comments and questions as well.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Washington's Weiner; Sarah Palin's Mystery Tour; A Good Reason to Hang up the Phone.


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Question: Garry Wills: "What Paul Meant"

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Forum in conversation with historian Garry Wills about the New Testament writings of Saint Paul.

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For example, '['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', 'Guests Chris Hardwick and Patton Oswalt. We take a trip back in time for a classic episode of The Sound. Patton Oswalt isn\'t just a co-star on The King of Queens. He\'s also one of America\'s best comics. Chris Hardwick is no slouch in that department, either — though you may know him as the host of MTV\'s "Singled Out."']' should be close to '['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details.', 'Classic Material - 9-10-05']'

Stories: 1) Jacob Weisberg, Chronicling 'The Bush Tragedy' 2) Sean Michael Flynn, 'From Ground Zero to Baghdad'


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Question: A Mysterious Patch Of Light Shows Up In The North Dakota Dark

This is odd. Take a look at this map of America at night. As you'd expect, the cities are ablaze, the Great Lakes and the oceans dark, but if you look at the center, where the Eastern lights give way to the empty Western plains, there's a mysterious clump of light there that makes me wonder. It's a little to the left, high up near the Canadian border. Just run your eye up that line of lights at the center of the country, look over to the upper left: There's a patch that looks like a big city — but there is no big city in that part of North Dakota. There's mostly grass. So what are those lights doing there? What is that? If you need help, here's the same map again; this time, the patch is marked with a circle. It turns out, yes, that's not a city. And those lights weren't there six years ago. What we have here is an immense and startlingly new oil and gas field — nighttime evidence of an oil boom created by a technology called fracking. Those lights are rigs, hundreds of them, lit at night, or fiery flares of natural gas. One hundred fifty oil companies, big ones, little ones, wildcatters, have flooded this region, drilling up to eight new wells every day on what is called the Bakken formation. Altogether, they are now producing 660,000 barrels a day — double the output two years ago — so that in no time at all, North Dakota is now the second-largest oil producing state in America. Only Texas produces more, and those lights are a sign that this region is now on fire ... to a disturbing degree. Literally. Six years ago, this region was close to empty. The few ranchers who lived here produced wheat, alfalfa, oats and corn. The U.S. Geological Survey knew there were oil deposits underground, but deep down, 2 miles below the surface. It wasn't till this century that the industry developed a way to pull that oil to the surface at a cost that made it practical. Fracking, as you probably know, means pumping water and chemicals down pipes, fracturing the rock, releasing the oil. The technology is hugely controversial, in part because of those lights. When oil comes to the surface, it often brings natural gas with it, and according to North Dakota's Department of Mineral Resources, 29 percent of the natural gas now extracted in North Dakota is flared off. Gas isn't as profitable as oil, and the energy companies don't always build the pipes or systems to carry it away. For a year (with extensions), North Dakota allows drillers to burn gas, just let it flare. There are now so many gas wells burning fires in the North Dakota night, the fracking fields can be seen from deep space. In this recent, NASA-produced round-the-world satellite photo nighttime tour of the Earth, you can clearly see the Dakota fields blazing in the grasslands as North America rolls by. No wonder locals are calling North Dakota "Kuwait on the Prairie." This oil rush is so sudden, so enormous, North Dakota now has the lowest unemployment rate in the country. More than 41,000 workers got jobs there between 2008 and 2012. Only seven years ago, the U.S. was importing 60 percent of its oil. Now imports are down to 42 percent. The Bakken fields are helping to improve energy security. On the other hand, says Peter Lehner, blogger for the Natural Resources Defense Council, every day drillers in North Dakota "burn off enough gas to heat half a million homes." North Dakota law says that flares are subject to taxes and royalties after one year, even if the gas isn't being sold. But critics suspect that the state keeps granting exceptions. And state regulators seem less than energetic when farmers call to complain about poisons in the air and water. Many farmers in North Dakota can't prevent drillers from drilling — even if they'd like to. Decades ago, the rights to the minerals below those farms were separated from the rights to the land itself — which is why today, energy companies can move in, create drilling pads where they please, move in trucks and workers, without the farmers' consent. In some places, North Dakota feels like Texas in the early 20th century, when cattlemen fought the oil men. This time it's corn folks versus oil folks. Tempers are rising. Gas is burning. Drillers are drilling. And North Dakota, on some nights, is almost as bright as the aurora borealis. Looking down from the International Space Station, those lights are the North Dakota oil fields. The green arch, of course, is the aurora.  If you haven't traveled the Earth from the space station looking down, here's the video:

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- EgyptAir Plane Hijacker Arrested In Cyprus. -- Atlanta Businesses Again Lead Push Against Social Conservatives. And here are more early headlines: Pakistan Arrests Hundreds Of People After Deadly Bombing. (Deutsche Welle) Utah Will Require Anesthesia For Abortions After 20 Weeks. (USA Today) FBI Investigating Potential Hacking Of Hospital System. (Washington Post) Tanker Spills Unknown Amount Of Crude Oil In Louisiana Bayou. (NOLA.com) Another Skyscraper Fire Breaks Out In United Arab Emirates. (Time) Bleaching Of Great Barrier Reef Far Worse Than Feared. (Sydney Morning Herald) Remote Alaska Volcanic Eruption Subsides. (Alaska Volcano Observatory) Gnome Homes Relocated From Pennsylvania State Park To Local Parks. (AP)


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Question: In Big Bill Broonzy's Blues, Brothers Find A Way To Sing Together

Dave and Phil Alvin have made their first full album together in nearly 30 years, a tribute to one of their early influences. "His persona was so big to me," Phil Alvin tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross.

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Stories: 1) Johnny Cash: A Ghost Rider, Still Stirring Souls 2) 'American' Remembered: Rick Rubin On Johnny Cash 3) Behind Bars, Lessons In Life, Death And Freedom


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Question: Jacksonville Shooting Witness Recalls 'People Crying' And 'Running For Their Lives'

Ryen Aleman had headphones on and a controller in his hand, playing the popular football video game Madden NFL at a tournament in Jacksonville, Fla., when there were loud pops behind him. Other competitors began bolting out of the room. Something was wrong, he thought. When he realized the jarring sound was gunfire, Aleman told his video game opponent and instructed him to follow his lead. "Let's crawl down. Let's crawl to the restroom," he said. Moving as fast as they could on their hands and knees, the two entered a stall together, closed the door behind them and stood on the toilet, reasoning that the sight of their feet from under the stall might tip off the gunman. "I was praying. And I was saying, 'Don't worry. Stay with me,' " to his tournament competitor who now suddenly took on a far different role: survival partner. The two were caught in the melee as a gunman stalked through the venue about 1:30 in the afternoon where the gaming tournament was taking place, in the same building as a pizza shop at Jacksonville Landing in the city's downtown. David Katz, 24, of Baltimore, opened fire, killing two people and wounding or injuring 11 others before taking his own life, according to police. "I can't tell you if we're going to stay alive or not, because if he opens this stall, he's going to shoot us," Aleman, 25, told his companion. "If he does, this could be our last day." As the two were bracing themselves, a horrific soundtrack filled the cramped bathroom stall. "You could hear people crying," he said. "You could hear people saying, 'I'm shot,' you can hear people tripping, trying to leave, scrambling everywhere, running for their lives." After some minutes passed, the gunfire seemed to stop almost as abruptly as it had started. "Let's run," Aleman advised his companion. "Let's take our chances and go," he said before rushing out. "As I was coming out, I saw three bodies on the floor, unconscious," he said. Leaving the chaos, Aleman hailed a cab and told the driver to take him to the airport, where he caught a flight back to his hometown, Corpus Christi, Texas, where he works as a roofer. "On the plane ride coming back, it just kept rewinding in my head. It was very scary," he said. At a news conference Sunday night, Jacksonville Mayor Lenny Curry told reporters that the shooting was "all too common." "Tonight, we pray for the wounded and we pray for the families of those who were lost," Curry said. A video widely shared of the Madden football game that was being live-streamed on the social media network Twitch shows the game coming to a halt with the message "Controller Disconnected" appearing in a pop-up box. As viewers watched the session from around the country, the frozen screen was backed by audio of gunshots punctuated with screams and profanity. Eventually, someone can be heard saying: "Oh my God" over and over again. Authorities said Sunday that 11 people were injured. Nine of the injured sustained gunshot wounds, but officials say all are expected to survive. Police have not yet announced the identities of the two men who were fatally shot. Officials would also not say whether Katz, the gunman, knew any of the victims. In Baltimore, where Katz lived, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives searched his house and left the premises carrying some objects in a box. Twitch said in a statement that "we are shocked and saddened by the tragedy that took place in Jacksonville," adding: "Twitch and all its staff send our deepest sympathies to the victims, their loved ones, and everyone in our community who's grieving." On the website for Electronic Arts, which has sold more than 100 million copies of the Madden series, the company called the incident a "senseless act of violence that we strongly condemn." Meanwhile, Aleman, who had planned to travel to Virginia next week for another Madden competition, is now having reservations about attending. Still shaken up from Sunday, he said he needs time to heal and process the events. While dealing with "gamer rage" — a sore loser reacting with fury — is something gamers openly discuss online, it is usually brief and self-contained, Aleman said. Although authorities have yet to determine a motive for the shooting, Aleman and several other witnesses said Katz had been eliminated in a prior round at the Jacksonville tournament after winning a similar competition in February. "I get mad sometimes. I break my controllers. ... But I am not going to take it out on my opponent," Aleman said. "People get mad, but they don't go do what he did." Aleman said he knew the two victims well from playing together with them, but he was not familiar with the shooter. Speculating on a motive, he wonders why someone would want to kill over the outcome of a video game. "I don't know what was going through his head," he said. "I just don't understand."

Good morning (and our apologies for being late with this). Some of our early headlines: -- Judge Says Nidal Hasan Can Represent Himself In Fort Hood Trial -- Report: NSA Is Searching 'Vast Amounts' Of Americans' Emails -- 'Total Disgrace': Jackie Robinson Statue Defaced In Brooklyn -- 'New York Times' Is Not For Sale, Sulzberger Says -- Fannie Mae Books $10.1 Billion In Second-Quarter Profits -- 3 Winning Powerball Tickets Sold: 2 In N.J., 1 In Minnesota -- Burglars Return Loot To Group That Helps Sex Assault Victims -- Stars And Stripes: Pair Of Sumatran Tigers Born At National Zoo -- World-Record Snakehead Fish Caught In U.S. Other stories in the news: -- Wildfire In Southern California "Grows To 10,000 Acres; One Person Burned 'Head To Toe.' " (Los Angeles Times) -- 4 Killed, 4 Wounded In Dallas-area Shooting Rampage. (The Dallas Morning News) -- "Suspect's Vehicle In California Murder-abduction Case Seen In Oregon." (Reuters) -- Suicide Bomber In Quetta, Pakistan, Kills At Least 28. (BBC News)


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Question: A Mile In Another?s Shoes

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When Elisa Della-Piana shows up at a firehouse door not looking her best, she experiences the scorn endured routinely by people living on the street

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Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What's The Word? How English Evolved This Decade


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Question: 'In the Mood for Love'

Beth Accomando of member station KPBS reports on Hong Kong filmmaker Wong Kar Wai's new project, In the Mood for Love. Wong has won acclaim for his unorthodox and stylish movies -- he calls them "jam sessions," since the actors are improvising without a script.

Stories: 1) 'Headmaster' Has Still Got Plenty of Soul 2) Sarah Johns' 'Big Love in a Small Town'


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Question: Garry Wills: "What Paul Meant"


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Question: MARK LINKOUS of the rock band Sparklehorse

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MARK LINKOUS of the rock band Sparklehorse. He writes, sings, and plays nearly all the music. They debuted in 1995 with the album, "Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot." Their latest release is "Good Morning Spider" (Capitol).Jazz critic KEVIN WHITEHEAD continues his look at Duke Ellington.12:58:30 NEXT SHOW PROMO (:29)                           PROMO COPY               GUEST HOST: KEN TUCKEROn the next fresh air.. . writer MICHAEL ONDAATJE (on-DAH-chay), the author of "The English Patient" discusses his new collection of poems. . . And part two of our look at Duke Ellington with jazz critic KEVIN WHITEHEAD. That's coming up on the next Fresh Air.

Music Commentator MILO MILES reviews the latest CD by the Diablos REV. :Commentator DAGOBERTO GILB has some thoughts on his son and college.


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Question: EPA Sets New Limits on Smog

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Environmental regulators say the air in hundreds of counties is too dirty to breathe. The Environmental Protection Agency is ordering local officials to pay for a cleanup that will cost billions of dollars. But the EPA's goal for reducing allowable smog levels is less ambitious than the recommendations of its own scientists.

represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth
E.g.:
['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'In Colorado, where Republicans have carried the past two presidential elections, a new poll shows Democratic Sen. Barack Obama edging rival Sen. John McCain by four percentage points.  Of the more than 1,400 likely voters surveyed for the Quinnipiac University/Wall Street Journal poll 49 percent preferred Obama, compared with 45 percent for McCain.  One reason for the Illinois senator\'s lead is his appeal among Colorado\'s Hispanic voters. The poll, released Sept. 23, showed support for Obama among this group at 68 percent to McCain\'s 26 percent.  Two key Hispanic politicians have been out trying to muster support in the swing state for their respective candidates. The Democratic Campaign Last Sunday afternoon, as the Denver Broncos were barely surviving the passing attack of the New Orleans Saints, a local political star returned to the ground game of political campaigning. Former Cabinet Secretary Federico Pena, Denver\'s first Hispanic mayor, was out knocking on doors in the working class, mostly Hispanic neighborhood he used to represent.  Pena found a startling variety of responses. At one door, there was an enthusiastic greeting; at another just barking dogs. One homeowner engrossed in watching the Broncos game told the former mayor in no uncertain terms to "f*** off." There were also many who were indifferent or caught feeling guilty because they weren\'t registered to vote.  Through it all, Pena retained the cheery air of a politic pro. His canvassing team helped those who weren\'t registered  fill out applications. They also distributed several applications for absentee ballots. Twenty percent of Colorado\'s population is Hispanic, and most of them typically vote Democrat. But Hispanic turnout is usually low, so the "get out the vote" effort is crucial.  And most Coloradoans are expected to vote early by mail this year, so it\'s vital to get out applications for mail-in ballots. Historically, that has been a Republican strong suit, but Democrats are narrowing the gap this year. In a conference room at his investment firm in downtown Denver, Pena said the major issues for Hispanics are the same as for everyone else, except for one: immigration. He says the immigration debate and immigration crackdowns have made many Latino citizens feel they have been discriminated against. "That\'s an issue that is slightly below the surface, but it\'s resonating when it comes to Barack Obama vs. Sen. McCain, because people see Sen. McCain has abandoned his position on immigration," Pena says.  "[McCain\'s] conversion to the right wing of the Republican party has now aligned him with the very negative rhetoric of many of the members of his party and the anti-immigrant forces. And that has gotten out to Latinos around the country, and that\'s why Sen. McCain is doing poorly with Latinos around the United States."  In order for Democrats to carry Colorado, Pena says, they have to win big in Denver. They also have to win or run even in the swing counties outside the city, and they have to run in the high 30s or low 40s in GOP strongholds.  "The one unknown here is voter turnout," Pena says. "Four years ago, we had a very large voter turnout in Colorado. I predict this year we will beat that record. The other unpredictable is the youth vote. We\'re going to have an extraordinary youth vote. We\'ve registered many, many people under the radar screen. Those two factors have not been polled — by either the state polls or the national polls — and that\'s, I think, the silver lining in our campaign."  The Republican Campaign Former state Sen. Larry Trujillo, a Democratic officeholder turned Republican activist, has driven more than 100 miles from his home near Pueblo to visit the town of Monte Vista, about four hours southwest of Denver. From the motel rooms at Kelloff\'s Best Western Movie Manor, customers can watch a movie through the windows on a giant screen outside. But Trujillo hasn\'t come to see a movie. He has come to distribute yard signs and bumper stickers to a dozen Republican activists from the San Luis Valley.  Local Republicans express enthusiasm about McCain\'s choice of running mate, Sarah Palin, but seem frustrated by what they see as a slow start to the campaign effort in Colorado. "Where have you been?" one man asks. "Where has the McCain campaign been?" In the meeting room at Kelloff\'s Restaurant, with a spectacular view of the San Juan Mountains behind him, Trujillo talks to the local leaders — several of whom are Hispanic, like him. This is an old crowd. Trujillo introduces Rudolfo Silver Jaramillo, a retired county school supervisor who was a pilot in World War II. "As a World War II veteran, and seeing what a concentration camp was all about in Weimar, Germany, and knowing what the next president, McCain, went through, makes me say that every veteran in the United States is committed to voting for him for what he went through for his country," Jaramillo says.  There are Colorado veterans who are vehemently opposed'] == ['represent the input', 'Hispanic Vote May Tip The Balance In Colorado']

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Acting FBI Boss To Take Comey's Place At Senate Intel Hearing. -- Workers Take Jefferson Davis Statue Off Its Pedestal In New Orleans. -- Ex-Massey Energy CEO Completes 1-Year Federal Criminal Sentence. -- Dissident Rebels In Colombia Ignore Peace Treaty And Continue Extortion. And here are more early headlines: Tillerson Joins Arctic Nations Officials Meeting In Alaska. (AP) Montana Glaciers Shrinking At Tremendous Rate. (USGS) Venzuelan Protesters Fling Feces At Government Forces. (Washington Post) Energy Department To Study Tunnel Cave-In At Nuclear Waste Site. (NBC) VA Chief Says More Time Needed To End Veteran Homelessness. (AP) Boeing Halts New Plane Delivery To Test Potential Engine Problem. (Seattle Times)


Question: Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth.

Question: Who's Carl This Time?

A very special tourist; Detroit stays positive; qualities of a (dear) leader.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


Question: Represent the input

Question: NPR News Agenda from the Friday Editors' Meeting

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We're continuing to watch developments at Northwest Airlines, where the flight attendants are threatening a job action unless they get a better contract.  This is not good news for the airline, which is already in Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings.  The stewards and stewardesses had twice rejected previous offerings, and so Northwest imposed a new contract on them last month; thus, the threat of a job action.  At the morning editorial meeting, one editor pointed out that the real danger to the airline is that if more and more flights are delayed or canceled because of the action taken by the flight attendants, more and more people may decide to book their flights elsewhere -- and this is not an especially good time for any airline to start losing customers. NPR Pentagon correspondent John Hendren is looking into the story that the Army is starting to review official reports about combat casualties.  This is an outgrowth of the death of Pat Tillman, the former NFL star who was killed in Afghanistan.  The Army had originally announced -- and told Tillman's family -- that his death came from enemy combatants ... even though they probably knew almost immediately that he was killed by friendly fire.  The Army is apparently planning to change the way it reviews the combat deaths in order not to repeat similar fiascos. Adam Davidson is following the news of a Pakistani man accused of providing New York-area customers with broadcasts of Hezbollah TV.  The man was arrested yesterday; his attorney called the charges ridiculous. Nell Boyce is headed for Cape Canaveral for Sunday's expected launch of the space shuttle Atlantis.  Bob Mondello is reviewing the film Idlewild.  And Day to Day is interviewing a Professor Brain -- yes, you read that correctly -- on the story about the exploding batteries that are affecting Dell and Apple laptop computers.  We're talking Marshall Brain, formerly of North Carolina State University, who runs the Web site, howstuffworks.com.   Thank goodness we got Professor Brain, because Mister Potato Head was unavailable. As to be expected, all the shows are gearing up for the anniversary of Hurricane Katrina -- the devastation it caused the Gulf Coast region and how families are trying to deal with the loss, one year later. Overseas, NPR's Emily Harris is monitoring developments in Brussels, where European countries are apparently close to agreeing on the number of peacekeeping troops to be sent to southern Lebanon.  Louisa Lim is watching the aftermath of the sentencing of the New York Times researcher for fraud, even though charges of revealing state secrets were dismissed. Finally, Philip Reeves is reporting on the violent protests going on in India.  The government is planning on changing its caste system and reserving more university seats for students from lower Hindu groups -- the so-called "untouchables." Robert Stack was not available for comment.

Sex Offender Measures. Constitutional or Not?, Field Notes: Glossopedia, Grand Ole Opry Turns 80, Focus on Technology, Hollywood in Cincinnati


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Question: Ivanka Trump Brand Draws Criticism During 'Made In America' Week

The White House has dubbed this “Made in America” week. White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer said Monday that the president wants more products to be made in the U.S. But the week has turned attention to first daughter Ivanka Trump’s fashion line, which The Washington Post found is made entirely overseas. Here & Now‘s Jeremy Hobson speaks with MSNBC’s Ali Velshi (@AliVelshi) about the administration’s balancing act on goods made in the U.S.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Giuliani Says Trump 'Did Know' About Stormy Daniels Payment. -- Trump Hints At Likely Release Of 3 Americans Held In North Korea. -- Freak Storm Sweeps Through Northern India, Killing Dozens. -- Men Arrested In Philadelphia Starbucks Reach Settlements. -- Yale Pulls Honorary Degree From Bill Cosby, The First Time In The School's History. And here are more early headlines: Trump Welcomes Shooting Survivors On National Day Of Prayer. (Express-News) Students Walk Out Of Class To Support Gun Rights. (Los Angeles Times) Gunmen Slay Churchgoers In Central African Republic. (New York Times) Hawaii Watches For A Possible Volcanic Eruption. (KGMB) It's World Press Freedom Day. (Reporters Without Borders)


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


Question:
represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr Examples:

Given ['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Trump Badgers Biden In Bewildering Presidential Debate'] it matches with ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'President Trump and Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden faced off in their first debate Tuesday — a chaotic and bitter 90 minutes that saw moderator Chris Wallace struggle to rein in the president, who\xa0repeatedly badgered Biden and interrupted him. Here & Now‘s Peter O’Dowd speaks with NPR senior political editor Domenico Montanaro. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.'] but not with ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No Closer To DACA Deal, Republicans Push Plan B To Keep Government Open. -- Ex-CIA Officer Arrested On Suspicion Of Exposing U.S. Spy Network In China. -- Majority Of National Park Service Board Resigns Citing Administration Indifference. -- Opioid Crisis Blamed For Sharp Increase In Accidental Deaths In U.S. -- Bright Light, Sonic Boom As Likely Meteor Streaks Across Southern Michigan. And here are more early headlines: Winter Storm Warnings, Advisories Across U.S. East. (NWS) Stop-Gap Spending Bill Imperiled By Conservative GOP, Democrats. (AP) In Vancouver Meeting, Korean War Allies Discuss North Korea. (Los Angeles Times) Bob Dole To Be Awarded Congressional Gold Medal. (Politico) Waiting For "The Fakeys": Will Trump\'s Fake News Awards Event Happen? (Reuters)']

Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

Iowa claimed Michele Bachmann.  New Hampshire claimed Jon Huntsman. Eventually, the number of Republican candidates are going to dwindle down to one.  And rather than wait for that to happen, this might be a good time to try your luck by solving this week's ScuttleButton puzzle. Here's how to play.  Every week on this  site I put up a      vertical display of  buttons.     Your    job is to  simply take one word      (or   concept)   per   button, add      'em up,  and,     hopefully, you     will  arrive  at a    famous   name  or  a familiar expression.  (And        seriously,  by familiar, I mean it's something             that      more than  one       person  on Earth would    recognize.) For         years, a    correct   answer chosen at      random would get his  or     her    name   posted in this   column, an    incredible honor in  itself.      Now the    stakes are  even  higher.     Thanks  to the  efforts of the    folks  at Talk of the Nation, that person also  hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain.  Is this a great country or what? You can't  use the   comments box at the bottom  of  the page    for your answer.  Send   submission (plus your   name and   city/state — you   won't   win without that) to  politicaljunkie@npr.org. And,         by adding your name to    the Political                  Junkie mailing list,   you  will be among the first on your  block to                  receive notice       about the column and the puzzle.  Sign up    at  politicaljunkie@npr.org.          Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new        Junkie   post goes up by clicking here. Good                           luck! By               the way, I announce the        winner on   Wednesday's   Junkie segment on TOTN.  But with a new puzzle up every Monday   afternoon, you   should      get your    answer   in by Monday the   latest. Here's the answer to last week's puzzle: Elect a Neu Lt. Governor — Arthur Neu, an Iowa Republican, was first elected in the mid 1970s. Ham's My Man — Hamilton Fish was elected to an upstate congressional seat in 1968.  The New York Republican later served on the House Judiciary Committee during the Nixon impeachment hearings. Rocky S.U.R.E. — One thing I AM sure about is that this button is from one of the campaigns of New York GOP Gov. Nelson Rockefeller, who was elected four times between 1958 and 1970. New York's Prime Candidate/Bob Wagner — Wagner, a former mayor of NYC, attempted a comeback in 1969 but lost the Democratic primary to City Comptroller Mario Procaccino. Mary Mochary U.S. Senate — She was the Republican nominee against Sen. Bill Bradley (D-N.J.) in 1984. So, when you combine Neu + Ham + S.U.R.E. + Prime + Mary, you just very well may get ... New Hampshire Primary. And let the record show that the last three presidents — Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama — all lost the primary en route to winning the White House. But enough about losing.  The ScuttleButton winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Annette Hernandez of San Francisco, Calif. Annette gets a TOTN t-shirt.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Last Year The Seattle Symphony

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Last year the Seattle Symphony celebrated the centenary of Howard Hanson's birth with a revival of the concert version of Hanson's only opera. Gerard Schwarz conducts the Seattle Symphony in the Love Duet from that opera, "Merry Mount". (Delos DE-3508)

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Stories: 1) The 'Big Fan' Team: Patton Oswalt, Robert Siegel 2) The Subhumans' Timeless Hardcore Punk


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Question: The California Report Magazine 2006-12-01

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A Church Divided: Episcopalians Split Over Gay and Lesbian Clergy -- Questions over the ordination of gays and lesbians have Episcopalians in the Central Valley voting on whether to break away from the national church. Also, a new exhibit in San Francisco explores the nature of listening, from eavesdropping to music appreciation.

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: What It Means That A Possible Recession Signal Flashed On Wall Street Last Week

A possible recession signal flashed on Friday. It's called an inverted yield curve. Many economists believe that when yields on long and short term treasury debt invert, a downturn is likely to follow.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Protests, Clashes Build Again In Cairo. -- Deal Reached On Greek Debt, Markets Rise In Relief. -- Arafat's Grave Opened, Samples Taken To Be Tested For Poison. Other stories making news: -- "Fiscal Cliff Compromise: Devil Is In The Definition Of Revenue." (It's All Politics) -- Fiscal Cliff Talks "Accelerate." (The Washington Post) -- Bangladesh Factory Fire That Killed More Than 100 "Was Deliberately Set, Officials Believe." (The Guardian) -- "North Korea Suspected Of Planning Rocket Test." (The New York Times) -- Sandy-related Damage In New York And New Jersey Topped $60 Billion, Governors Say. (The Associated Press) -- Dr. Joseph Murray, Who Performed First Successful Kidney Transplant And Won A Nobel Prize, Has Died. (The Associated Press) -- Powerball Jackpot At Record $425 Million — And Growing — Ahead Of Wednesday Drawing. (ABC News)


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'['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan']' == '['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.\nOn Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]']' != '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.']'

Question: Woman Climbs Over Zoo Barrier To Take A Selfie, Gets Clawed By A Jaguar

A woman in her 30s has apologized after she climbed over a barrier at a zoo near Phoenix, Ariz. on Saturday to take a selfie with a jaguar, who wound up clawing her. The Wildlife World Zoo in Litchfield Park, Ariz., where the incident happened, said in a statement that the woman sustained non-life threatening injuries and at no point was the animal out of its enclosure.  Kitty Block, president and chief executive officer of the Humane Society of the United States, as well as president of the Human Society International, says her first thought when hearing about the incident was, “Thank goodness the person was OK and that the animal was not euthanized as a result.” “That was good,” Block tells Here & Now’s Robin Young. “The problem is that people think these animals are approachable. … And it’s not the case.  Similar cases of humans being attacked by animals in or near their enclosures have made the news recently. Earlier this year, a 2-year-old was hospitalized after stumbling into a rhinoceros enclosure in Florida, and in December, a 22-year-old intern was killed while cleaning a lion enclosure in North Carolina. More famously, in 2016, a silverback gorilla named Harambe grabbed a 3-year-old boy after he fell into his enclosure. Block says part of the problem is wildlife exhibitors allowing contact between people and animals. The Wildlife World Zoo has these so-called contact-interaction spaces, which, she says, indicate “it’s OK and these animals will just pose for a selfie.” “Somehow, they think they’re cute and cuddly and these big cats are nothing more than big house cats,” says Block. “They are dangerous wild animals, and people should not in any way be in contact with them.” Instead, she says, animal exhibits have to be airtight to protect both the people and the animals, who “suffer greatly when these things happen.” “It could have been disastrous for the woman who went over the barrier and of course for the animal,” says Block. “Wild animals are beautiful, majestic, but they live separately from us. “Selfies just don’t do it.”  Marcelle Hutchins produced and edited this story for broadcast with Kathleen McKenna. Jackson Cote adapted it for the web. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: Three Kurdish Activists Found Dead In Paris; 'Without Doubt An Execution'. Crazy Or Canny? Talk Grows About $1 Trillion Platinum Coin. And here are more early headlines: Biden To Meet NRA Today On Gun Violence. (ABC) Syria Fires Another Ballistic Missile At Rebels. (Reuters) Two Swiss Passenger Trains Collide; At Least 17 Injured. (CNN) Chinese Newspaper Publishes After Reported Deal With Government; Protests Continue. (VOA) Indian Rape Victim To Blame For Horrific Crime, Says Defendants' Lawyer. (Bloomberg) Investigators Examine N.J. Ferry That Crashed In Manhattan, Injuring At least 70. (AP) Pod Of Killer Whales Trapped Under Ice In Northern Canada. (Ottawa Citizen) Changing British Tradition: If Kate And William Have A Baby Girl, She'll Be 'Princess' Instead Of 'Lady'. (Independent)


Question: British Bank Agrees To $340 Million Settlement Over Laundering Charges

Britain's fifth-largest bank has agreed to pay $340 million to settle charges by New York regulators that it laundered money for Iranian clients. NPR's Chris Arnold filed this report for our Newscast unit:  "In court documents, the regulator alleged that for 10 years Standard Chartered Bank quote 'schemed with the Government of Iran and hid from regulators roughly 60,000 secret transactions... involving $250 billion dollars and reaping hundreds of millions of dollars in fees for the bank.' "The money flowed through the New York branch of the British bank. Under U.S. law, any money transfers coming from the Iranian banks involved must be subjected to regulatory scrutiny. Some transactions can be rejected for security reasons. So the British bank allegedly falsified documents to hide the source of the money. "Now, that the New York's superintendent of Financial Services Benjamin Lawsky has reached a settlement the British bank will install a monitor."  The New York Times reports that this is a big win for New York's Department of Financial Services, which was just formed last year.

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Good morning - while we wait for the Supreme Court's health care decision, we're following these stories: 'Hell In The Rearview Mirror' As Coloradoans Flee Wildfires. News Corp. Confirms Split; Rupert Murdoch Will Chair Both Companies. Record-Breaking Heat Moves From Midwest To Mid-Atlantic And Southeast. (National Weather Service) European Union Fiscal Summit Opens, Hopes Dim For Bold Steps. (Reuters) Bosnian Serb Leader Karadzic Acquitted Of One Genocide Count; Still Faces 10 More War Crimes Charges. (AP) Barclays Bank Pays $452 Million In Fines To Settle Interest Rate Manipulation Case. (MarketWatch) Blasts Strike Syrian Capital, Turkey Stations Troops Along Syrian Border. (CNN) Cargo Search Continues For Possible Stowaways At New Jersey Port. (Star-Ledger) Texas Man Sentenced To 40 Years In Houston Stand-Your-Ground Murder Case. (KPRC) German Court Outlaws Circumcision Of Boys As 'Bodily Harm'. (Deutche Welle)


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Question: Airlines Weigh The Best Way To Board

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As the amount of carry-on luggage passengers bring on board has grown, airlines have been experimenting with different boarding methods, with varying results. Steve Inskeep talks to Wall Street Journal "Middle Seat" columnist Scott McCartney about the highly contentious issue.

Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath


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Question: A Day with the 'Ground Zero Man'

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Harry John Roland calls himself the "Ground Zero Man," a self-appointed tour guide at the World Trade Center site. He used to work as a tour guide in the South Tower, so he's good at it -- but now, instead of it being his job, it's his obsession. He goes to the site every single day.

Stories: 1) Brent Stirton, Chronicling the Virunga Gorilla Murders 2) Circle Wide Quintet, Playing 'Like Before'


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Question: Thai Protests Prompt Declaration Of Emergency

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The prime minister of Thailand declared a state of emergency Tuesday in the capital, Bangkok. For a week, thousands of anti-government protesters have camped on the grounds of the prime minister's office and have refused to move until he resigns.

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It's Friday, and we're following these stories: Real-Life Horror: Many Killed, Dozens Wounded At Colorado Movie Theater. Syrian Intelligence Official Dies From Damascus Bombing; 4th Assad Aide To Perish. (Reuters) Syria Denies Russian Envoy's Statement That Assad Ready To Step Down. (RiaNovosti) European Finance Ministers Prepared To Offer Spain Bailout Loan. (Irish Times) Russian Police Arrest 4 In Murders Of Russian Muslim Leaders. (BBC) Non-Muslims In Saudi Arabia Must Observe Ramadan Fasting Traditions, Or Leave. (AP) South Korea Increases Readiness After North Korea Shakes Up Military Leadership. (VOA) Viacom, DirecTV Settle Fee Dispute; 17 Darkened Channels Will Be Restored. (CNET) Racial Profiling Case Against Arizona Sheriff Opens In Federal Court. (Los Angeles Times) Australia Reviews Travel Policies After Male Olympic Basketball Players Fly In Business Class While Women Take Economy. (Sydney Morning Herald)


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Question: DJ Sessions: Young Musicians Carry On Bluegrass Traditions

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For this week’s edition of the Here & Now DJ Sessions, we sit down with Kinney Rorrer, longtime host of “Back to the Blue Ridge” on WVTF public radio in Roanoke, Virginia. He shares a number of young bluegrass musicians who are carrying on the music’s traditions, including 12-year old fiddle player Kitty Amaral. Music From The Segment Kitty Amaral, “Tennessee Mountain Fox Chase” [Youtube] Corbin Hayslett, “Darling Cora” [Youtube] Daniel Greeson, “Roanoke” [Youtube] Big Country Bluegrass, “The Cotton Mill Song” [Youtube] Note: We have a Spotify playlist and an Apple Music playlist for our weekly DJ Sessions. Guest

Kinney Rorrer, host of Back To The Blue Ridge on WVTF in Roanoke, Virginia.

Stories: 1) Saxophone Stylings, With A South-Asian Flair 2) Green Goes Blue With 'Grant's First Stand' 3) 'Her Peers': A Gutsy Anthology Of Women Writers


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Question: National Security Adviser Bolton Says Arms Treaty With Russia Has Outlived Its Purpose

NPR's Ailsa Chang speaks with Melissa Hanham, weapons of mass destruction expert, about the timing and global impact of the U.S. pulling out of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty with Russia.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Trump to Detail Tougher Line On Iran's Nuclear Program. -- 31 Killed In Deadliest Week For Wildfires In California's History. -- Trump Administration To End Obamacare Subsidies For The Poor. -- Poll: Majorities Of Both Parties Favor Increased Gun Restrictions.  -- 'The Taliban Can't Win', Says Commander Of U.S. Forces In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: Speaker Ryan Heads To Puerto Rico, Says Island Needs Aid. (The Hill) Next Year's Social Security Increase To Be Announced Today. (AP) Small Quake In North Korea Suggests Instability At Nuke Test Site.  (Reuters) Regulator Warns Slides On Some Airbus Jets May Be Faulty. (Bloomberg) Man In Police Car Chase Had That On "Bucket List". (KCCI)


Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


Question: Who's Carl This Time?

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Bad Credit? No Problem!; My Big Fat British Wedding; and iSpy.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Travis On World Cafe

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The Scottish band Travis formed in Glasgow in 1990 and had major worldwide success with 1999's The Man Who. Its success helped lay the groundwork for other soaring and smooth pop-rock groups — including Coldplay and Keane, which achieved stardom shortly after Travis' breakthrough. On this episode of World Cafe, we'll discuss Travis' recent hiatus and its members' new homes away from where they grew up in Glasgow. And, of course, the band will perform songs from its new album, titled Where You Stand.

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


Question: Tips to keep out the cold...and the mold

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Midmorning's home repair expert joins Kerri Miller to talk about ways to keep your house warm, and keep those utility bills down. She'll also talk with an expert on indoor air quality and mold.

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What's clicking on the blog, including the inside scoop on how to cash in on Airborne's $23 million settlement with duped customers. Got a story about your own experience with Airborne? Let us know here.


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For instance you may be given '['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Week in Review with Daniel Schorr']' and it should match with '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details!', "NPR's Scott Simon reviews the week's news with NPR's Daniel Schorr, senior news analyst."]' but not with '['Represent text', 'Stories: 1) Colin Meloy of The Decemberists 2) Remembering Father Robert Drinan 3) The Metropolitan Opera in a Theater Near You']'.

Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

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Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


Question:
California Songs: Michelle Shocked's "Come A
                Long Way"

After much globetrotting, Texas-born singer Michelle Shocked has made her home in Los Angeles. Her song "Come A Long Way" is a bittersweet love song to her adopted city, and it takes listeners on a motorcycle odyssey through L.A.'s diverse neighborhoods.

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Set List  "Dimes For Nickels" "Your Love (All That I'm Missing)" "Oil In My Lamp" "Signs & Signifiers" "Fire Bug" "Abigail Blue" "North Side Gal" "Wolf Teeth"


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Question: Permanent Hiv Suppression?

-- Host Bob Edwards talks with Richard Knox, a medical reporter for the Boston Globe, about a new AIDS experiment designed to show whether protease inhibitors and other anti-AIDS drugs have suppressed HIV permanently.

Criminal Charges in HP Spying Scandal. CDC Study Shows Health Effects of Perchlorate. End Music.


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Question: Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed

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With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.
In comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


Question: State Dept's Afghan Anti-Drug Effort Flawed: Watchdog

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When it comes to its counternarcotics efforts in Afghanistan, the State Department's activities, while well-intentioned, leave a lot to be desired, according to a new report from the department's inspector general. A sampling:  The Department has not clarified an end state for counternarcotics efforts, engaged in long-term planning, or established performance measures for its multipillared approach to counter poppy cultivation and the resultant illegal narcotics industry. 2 This approach, which involves significant funding, several U.S. Government agencies, and the Afghan Government, includes programs to:   * eradicate poppy crops;   * interdict drug traffickers;   * offer alternative livelihoods to replace poppy cultivation;   * reform the Afghan judicial system;   * offer public outreach and information;   * reduce demand for illegal narcotics;   * develop institutional capacity, and   * cooperate regionally.   Many individuals involved in counternarcotics endeavors believe that eradication is an essential aspect of strategy. Despite this consensus, in mid-2009, a decision was made to move away from poppy crop eradication efforts, and shift concentration and funding toward interdiction and alternative development....  Read More >>  At the same time, the U.S. military, recognizing that the illicit narcotics industry has helped fund the insurgency in Afghanistan, began to engage more heavily in counternarcotics activities to break this connection. OIG believes this increased military involvement will decidedly affect the scale of the Department's counternarcotics program as well as its overall role. Further, although the Department is planning new counternarcotics actions, OIG concludes that there is no agreement on appropriate roles for either civilian agencies or the U.S. military. The Department has also failed to plan for transitioning responsibility to the Afghan government, should U.S. Government funding not be sustainable at current levels.   While some progress has been made in the fight against illicit narcotics in Afghanistan, successes are difficult to quantify due to imprecise measurement andtransnational factors. The Department's lack of meaningful performance measures adds to the problem. OIG found several examples of measurements that appeared to show success, but were questionable when more closely examined. Progress is further impeded by the unpredictable security situation. In addition, conditions in the Afghan government hamper achievement, including a weak justice system, corruption, and the lack of political will. The economic incentive to grow poppies outweighs some Afghan farmers' public assertions that cultivation is illegal and conflicts with the tenets of Islam. Afghanistan's large, unofficial financial system allows moneylaundering and illicit trade to continue. The mountainous geography and largely open borders are also impediments to success.   INL's oversight of contracts related to counternarcotics programs in Afghanistan has challenged both INL and the Narcotics Affairs Section at Embassy Kabul. While there is adequate contract management in Washington, DC, INL lacks in-country monitoring of seven contracts valued at $1.8 billion. This weakness is caused by a shortage of personnel at the Embassy, as well as heavy reliance on contractors to carry out programs. Contract and program management is thus conducted from many thousands of miles away in a different time zone. OIG's examination of four counternarcotics contracts also revealed some weaknesses in performance measurement and setting of unrealistic goals.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- McCain Takes Swipe At President For Vietnam 'Bone Spur' Deferment. -- Director James Toubek Accused Of Harassment By Dozens Of Women. -- AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka Wins A Third 4-Year Term. -- Digging In The Mud To See What Toxic Substances Were Spread By Hurricane Harvey. -- David Letterman Honored With Twain Award For American Comedy.  And here are more early headlines: Schumer Seeks "CEO" For Disaster Recovery In Puerto Rico. (The Hill) Sgt. Bergdahl's Sentencing Hearing Opens Today. (CNN) Vietnam Veteran Who Saved Dozens To Receive Medal Of Honor. (ABC) Catalan Officials To Resist Spanish Government Takeover. (BBC) After Criticism, W.H.O. Rescinds Zimbabwe Leader's Appointment. (Washington Post) Philippines Says Assault On Marawi Militants Is Over. (Reuters) India's Government Tells Myanmar To Take Back Rohingyas. (AP)


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Question: Movie Documents 'Janesville' After GM Closes Plant

Renee Montagne talks with documentary maker Brad Lichtenstein about his new film As Goes Janesville. It is an up close look at wrenching changes the Wisconsin town has been through since GM closed a plant there. Janesville is the hometown of Rep. Paul Ryan, who is GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney's running mate.

Stories: 1) A Long View Of The Wall Street 'Dream' 2) Bluesman Elvin Bishop, Rolling Stylishly On 3) 'Friday Night Lights': The Glow Is Limited


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Question: Killing In Mississippi ... A Hate Crime?

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In June, a black automobile worker was allegedly murdered by a group of white teens in Mississippi. Local prosecutors say the attack was racially motivated. A local detective testified that the teens traveled to Jackson just to "mess with somebody." To explore the issue of hate crimes, guest host Allison Keyes speaks with Southern Poverty Law Center president Richard Cohen.

Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.