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Question: Kenya's Odinga Defies Calls To Concede, Urging Supporters To Boycott

Nearly a week since Kenyans went to the polls to decide their president, the official results of that election remain in dispute. Opposition candidate Raila Odinga, who officially lost to incumbent Uhuru Kenyatta, has vowed to continue fighting what he calls widespread electoral fraud. "We had predicted they will steal the election, and that's what happened," Odinga told thousands of supporters Sunday in Nairobi's Kibera slum, in his first public speech since the formal results were announced Friday. "We are not done yet. We will not give up." He called on his supporters not to go to work Monday, partly as a boycott of the election and partly as a commemoration of those who lost their lives over the weekend. Kenya's Commission on Human Rights says at least 24 people have been killed since Election Day, all of whom it says died by police gunfire. As The Two-Way has reported, since the preliminary tallies began trickling in Odinga has rejected what he has called "a serious attempt to try to either doctor or alter the final results." He maintains that the numbers announced by the country's electoral commission — which show Kenyatta with a healthy lead of more than 1.4 million votes — were cooked up by a conspiracy to hack the electoral reporting system. Yet international observers, including former U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, have approved the election as free and fair. And electoral commission Chairman Wafula Chebukati dismissed the alternative numbers offered by Odinga's camp, which show Odinga leading by several hundred thousand votes, as "obviously and plainly falsified." Still, as NPR's Eyder Peralta notes, Odinga enjoys robust support in Kibera and around the country. "Raila Odinga is considered by many in the opposition to be a father figure," Eyder told All Things Considered. "He is a figure who has been around in this country for many, many years. His father was one of the independence heroes in this country." Kenyatta's father, too, was an independence hero — and in fact, their two fathers had a bitter falling out in the 1960s. Since then, a simmering rivalry has remained, often tinged with ethnic overtones, as The Guardian reports:  "Kenyatta is from the Kikuyu, Kenya's largest ethnic community, and Odinga from the Luo, which has long felt marginalised. Both men built coalitions with other influential communities in a country where voting still takes place largely along ethnic lines."  Observers now fear a repeat of the violence that unraveled the country following elections a decade ago, in which more than 1,000 people were killed. Partly for that reason, many foreign electoral observers have urged Odinga to pursue his complaints through the legal system rather than mobilizing his supporters. "The European Union expects the opposition to respect the results and to use legal means available for appeals and complaints," EU foreign affairs chief Federica Mogherini said in a statement over the weekend. Despite a smattering of violence in the capital, Nairobi, CNN reports much of the country remains calm. For now, all eyes are on Odinga: "What Raila Odinga says, people — or his supporters — will do," Eyder points out. And he is now asking those supporters not to do their jobs as they usually would. "There is no work until Tuesday, when we will announce the next step," Odinga said.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- McCain Takes Swipe At President For Vietnam 'Bone Spur' Deferment. -- Director James Toubek Accused Of Harassment By Dozens Of Women. -- AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka Wins A Third 4-Year Term. -- Digging In The Mud To See What Toxic Substances Were Spread By Hurricane Harvey. -- David Letterman Honored With Twain Award For American Comedy.  And here are more early headlines: Schumer Seeks "CEO" For Disaster Recovery In Puerto Rico. (The Hill) Sgt. Bergdahl's Sentencing Hearing Opens Today. (CNN) Vietnam Veteran Who Saved Dozens To Receive Medal Of Honor. (ABC) Catalan Officials To Resist Spanish Government Takeover. (BBC) After Criticism, W.H.O. Rescinds Zimbabwe Leader's Appointment. (Washington Post) Philippines Says Assault On Marawi Militants Is Over. (Reuters) India's Government Tells Myanmar To Take Back Rohingyas. (AP)


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Question: How Concerned Should U.S. Be With Unrest In Egypt?

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Calls for Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to step down have increased. The Egyptian army is patrolling the streets, and American tourists are being evacuated. Those watching the events in Egypt are trying to understand what the the unrest might mean for political stability in the region.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: National Zoo's Panda Cub Greets Her Fans

Many of Bao Bao's fans were so excited to see her that they didn't mind waiting in long lines. Unfortunately, Bao Bao was not quite as jazzed about it as her guests. After being brought out to meet the crowd, she promptly curled up in a corner and went to sleep.

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For instance, <<['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Sixty-year-old director Nancy Meyers, whose Diane Keaton-Jack Nicholson comedy Something\'s Gotta Give went through the box-office roof after her split from husband and collaborator Charles Shyer, comes once more in praise of older women with It\'s Complicated, another fantasy of late-life romance with a Neiman-Marcus trim. And in fairness, I\'d rather see Meryl Streep rush screaming from a plastic surgeon\'s office, as she does before he can get to her sagging eyelids in It\'s Complicated, than do the splits on a Greek island to show there\'s life in the old mamma yet. Who doubts it? Streep is on the roll of her career, and though It\'s Complicated is the least of her achievements this year — she was funnier in Julie and Julia, and less cloying in Fantastic Mr. Fox — she brings an entertainingly neurotic glow to this wishful confection of a movie, which has nothing to do with the lives of women of a certain age and everything to do with the lives Meyers thinks they wish they had.   And maybe she\'s right, at least for women who spend their days with their heads buried in the Williams-Sonoma catalogue. Streep plays Jane, a long-divorced Santa Barbara baker who exudes bounty on all fronts. Bustling around in flattering white shirts and floaty scarves, Jane grows aphid-free veggies in neat rows, and she can throw together a batch of discreetly French chocolate croissants on a dime.  Bathed in golden SoCal light and crammed with gleaming copper-bottomed cookware, Jane\'s empty nest magically refills with supportive grown children, plus John Krasinski for comic relief, when trouble looms. At a time when most women are coming to grips with their invisibility to men on the street, Jane finds herself pursued by not one but two presentable swains her own age. That one of them happens to be her ex-husband, Jake (Alec Baldwin) — an attorney now married to a set of thirtysomething washboard abs (Lake Bell) — is demonstrably not cause for concern. You go, girl, urges her therapist, abandoning his customary annoying habit of guiding her to making her own damn decisions. Get out on that limb, cheep her children, for we want our unbroken family back. And yes, Go for it, chortles the obligatory posse of lunching ladies, all of whom (including a very uneasy-looking Mary Kay Place, who looks as if she\'d rather be anywhere but here) have been upgraded to blonde \'dos remarkably like Meyers\' own.  And so off Jane goes, grinning sheepishly, on a bender of trysts with Jake — because after all, they understand one another so well, and the sex is just great — in hotels (direct steal from The Graduate) or in her own tastefully upholstered bedroom, all the while fending off the tentative advances of an unattached architect (Steve Martin) with "suitable spouse" written all over his unexcitingly reliable mug. You see where all this is headed: tears, recriminations, major reality check. Along the way, there\'s some enjoyable knockabout physical comedy — say what you like about Baldwin, he lacks all vanity about the way he\'s aging — and an occasional nugget of wisdom about the companionable spontaneity, the sheer pleasure in having silly fun, that comes with later-in-life romance.  But there\'s something disturbingly passive-aggressive and belittling about Jane\'s attitude toward Jake. We just love our immature doofuses, don\'t we, girls, she seems to say, beaming brightly, even when they refuse to grow up? In fact, when it comes to moral confusion Jane is the worst offender. In what passes for wising up, she tells her children that she and Jake "don\'t fit together any more." Never mind that he\'s married, with one young child and — fertility clinic willing — another to come.  For all its breezily affectionate tone, It\'s Complicated, with its endless jokes at the expense of the life Jake is too old for and its cutaways to the furious scowl of Wife Number Two (cold bitch alert!), is at its core a revenge fantasy for the jilted wife.  Not that there\'s anything wrong with that — but The First Wives\' Club came by its bile more honestly.']>>  to <<['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "When 'It's Complicated,' Life Can Be Fun (For A Bit)"]>>

Good morning - we're looking at these stories today: Fierce Fighting Continues In Syria As U.N. General Assembly Prepares To Vote. It's 'Kiss In' Day At Chick-Fil-A For Gay Rights Activists. China Gets Hit With Two Hurricanes, Just Hours Apart. (CNN) Tropical Storm Ernesto Forms In Caribbean, Heading For Gulf Of Mexico. (AP) Jailed Islamist Cleric Threatens War If Myanmar Continues To Abuse Rohingya Muslims. (AFP) Spain's Borrowing Costs Go Up As Speculation Grows Over A Possible Bailout. (AP) Russian President Putin Suggests Leniency For Girl Punk Band Facing Charges Of Denouncing Him. (Moscow Times) U.S. Nuclear Processing Facility Closed After Four Protesters Get Through Security. (Reuters) Baseball All-Star Cal Ripken, Jr. Asks For Public's Help In Nabbing His Mother's Kidnapper. (Baltimore Sun) American Gymnastics Gold Medalist Gabby Douglas Is On 'Cloud Nine'. (People)


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Question: TV Actors Make Big Money, So Why Grumble Over NFL Salaries?

Think NFL players' multimillion-dollar salaries are outrageous? ESPN's Pablo Torre says given the big TV dollars the NFL rakes in, players' incomes should really be compared to Hollywood paychecks.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Congress Tackles Credit Card Debt

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This week, Congress will vote on a Credit Card Holders' Bill of Rights — and last week, President Obama met with the heads of card companies, signaling his support for the bill.  Host Jacki Lyden checks in with some of these credit card holders — including one woman who froze her cards in a block of ice — and talks with U.S. Rep. Carolyn Maloney, who co-wrote the bill that the House will consider this week.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: A Former Crack Kingpin On The Economics Of Illegal Drugs

The academic argument against drug criminalization goes like this. When you make a drug illegal, you make it harder and riskier to produce. That makes it more expensive. But demand for many drugs is what economists call inelastic: No matter what drugs cost, people will still pay. So making drugs more expensive through criminalization just sends more money to drug dealers. That's the theory, anyway. To test the claims of the academic theory, I spoke with "Freeway" Rick Ross, one of L.A.'s biggest crack dealers in the '80s and '90s. Ross was arrested in 1996, and paroled in 2009. So he's a perfect real-world test for the academic theories. First, I asked him about claim number one: Making drugs illegal drives up the price. Read More: $3 million in one day Ross told me that he once grossed $3 million in a single day. "When I sold drugs, if they'd told me they were going to legalize it, I'd have been mad, because I knew that was going to drive the price down," he said. Claim number one: Confirmed. Next up, claim number two: When drugs are illegal, criminals get rich. "I had guys around me that were ruthless and were tough," Ross said. "If I gave the word, they would hurt you." And Ross's money wasn't just going to his own crew. He'd also hand out cash to other players around the neighborhood. "I had a fund where I'd take care of what's called the big homies, the shot callers, the guys that ran the neighborhood," he said. "Because you know, they kidnap drug dealers in South Central. ... They were robbers, they were killers. Jackers, as we called them." Claim number two: Confirmed. These days, Ross says he's trying to undo all the harm he did to his community by selling crack. He talks to schools and youth groups. He says a big part of the reason he got into drug dealing in the first place is that he was illiterate. (He learned to read in prison.) Talking to Ross, you realize there was another incentive that doesn't always show up in the economics literature. At least when you get to Ross's level, drug dealing is not only lucrative; it's complex and engaging. Ross was a CEO, a manager, a publicist, an accountant. Society had done everything it could to make Rick Ross hate his job and give up. His product was illegal. His costs were enormous. He was a hunted man. And yet, he says:  I loved it. I felt like I was on top of the world, I felt I was powerful. ... It was every man's dream to be free. ... You love the feeling that you're good.  So does all of this mean, we should legalize drugs like crack and heroin? If we really wanted to make the Freeway Rick Rosses of the word miserable, we'd take away their earning potential. And some of the economists I spoke to said, yes: Make them legal. Other economists weren't so sure. Peter Reuter has written many, many pages on the topic of drug criminalization. And he says, if you legalize drugs, sure, crime would go down. But drug use would go up. "How do we compare the bad outcomes in the two cases — a very large increase in addiction, with a very large decrease in crime?" he says. "I take them both to be real, but I don't know ... which is better." That choice is a value judgement, he says. For more: Listen to our podcast, "A Former Crack Dealer On The Economics Of Drugs" MELISSA BLOCK, host:  The U.S. government has passed laws that make drug dealers rich and increase violence on the streets. That's according to several prominent economics papers on the impact of making drugs, including cocaine and heroin, illegal.  Planet Money's Alex Blumberg reviewed these papers, then ran their conclusions by another expert, an actual drug dealer.  ALEX BLUMBERG: The academic argument against drug criminalization goes like this: When you make something illegal, you make it harder and riskier to produce, and that makes it more expensive. You have to sneak it across the border. You have to pay people more to transport it, since they're facing jail time. So, illegal drugs are much more expensive than they would be if they were legal.  But, and here is the key, demand for a lot of drugs is what economists call inelastic. No matter what the drugs cost, people will still pay for them. So making drugs more expensive by criminalization just sends more money to drug dealers. That's the theory, anyway.  Mr. RICKY ROSS (Former Drug Dealer): My name is Ricky Ross. I'm known on the streets as Freeway Rick. But when I sold drugs, if they'd have told me they were going to legalize it, I'd have been mad because I knew that that was going to drive the price down.  BLUMBERG: Freeway Rick Ross was one of L.A.'s biggest crack dealers in the '80s and '90s. He was arrested in 1996, given a life sentence but paroled in 2009. So he's a perfect reality check for these academic theories. And I started him off with claim number one. Making drugs illegal drives up the price. Check.  Mr. ROSS: The most I ever made in one day was $3 million, went through my hands. Out of that 3 million, I could make, off of a mill

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Stories: 1) Heroin, The Taliban And The 'Seeds Of Terror' 2) Reducing Suicide Rates In The Military


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Question: China's Red Banners Take On Coronavirus. Even Mahjong Gets A Mention

China's all-out war against coronavirus outbreak has many weapons. There are quarantines and lockdowns. Nearly half a billion people have been confined to prevent the spread of the virus. There are attempts to stop public gatherings. In this video, mahjong tables are destroyed so folks won't gather together and risk exposure to the pathogen. And then there are the red banners. Strung across streets and in public places, red banners with rhyming Chinese slogans have been a part of government campaigns for decades in China. Banners have urged citizens to take land from landlords and redistribute it to farmers. Their rhyming Chinese slogans championed non-intellectualism during the Cultural Revolution of the 1970s: "The more knowledge you have, the more counter-revolutionary you are"). They've reinforced presidential initiatives. "If you want less diseases, the toilet revolution is the answer" embraces President Xi's call for improving unhygienic bathroom conditions. When it comes to coronavirus, sometimes the tone is straightforward: "Better to wear a mask than a ventilator; better to stay at home than in an ICU." Others are more dramatic: "Those who gather together are shameless; those who play mahjong are daredevils." "Have a bite of a wild animal dish today, see you in hell tomorrow." And some are kinda funny. "Never ever go to grocery stores as long as you have a scallion at home." "Stay in and don't wander around. You have AC, television and WiFi as your friends." These slogans are getting mixed reviews. Some people respond with sarcasm: "Who said our Communist party officials lack humor?" wrote a user on Chinese social media, Weibo. Other commenters praise the efforts: "Whoever wrote this is so talented." "The slogans may come across as poor taste, but they make sense," said another Weibo user. That kind of mixed reaction is no surprise. People "can follow the directions and genuinely be afraid and also find humor at the same time" says Katherine Mason, assistant professor of anthropology at Brown University, who researched public health in China following the SARS epidemic. There's also a political tone to some of the messaging. "Fight the people's war against new coronavirus epidemic," is one example. "These banners locate COVID-19 not only as a threat to your personal body or to the physical bodies of others around you but also a threat to the state," says Alexandre White, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins who studies the social dynamics of global health. Other banners cast blame at sick individuals for failing to take precautions to prevent the spread of their illness: "Returning to hometown with the virus means you're unfilial; passing the virus to parents means you're utterly devoid of conscience." In that kind of messaging, coming down with a disease is represented as a moral failing, White adds. And that can create stigma. "The act of blaming the spread on individual action is a tried and true practice in epidemics throughout history," he says. It can lead to beneficial public health effects when people adopt positive health practices, but it can also shame people to the point that they hide out and don't seek treatment. "Fear is a very dangerous thing in an epidemic. And the use of this fear to drive positive health responses from the public is a double-edged sword." In the U.S., for example, a poster from 1942, aimed at stopping the spread of syphilis, shows an eager sailor attracted by a woman at a lamppost with this stern warning: "A sailor doesn't have to prove he's a man. Remember: There's no medicine for regret." The big question: Do China's red banners really make a difference? "It is very difficult to say!" Mason wrote in an email to NPR. Without a controlled experiment, she noted, it's impossible to tell exactly how the banners affected behavior or public health. But "these banners are rarely used in isolation — rather, they are usually only one component of a much broader publicity campaign. How much the banners on their own do I really don't know."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Ukraine Promises To 'Crush' Insurgency; Chechnya Denies Sending Troops. -- Google's New Car Lacks A Steering Wheel (And Brakes). And here are more early headlines: Obama To Lay Out Foreign Policy Vision In West Point Speech. (New York Times) Tea Party Activists Gain Victories In Texas Runoff Elections. (AP) Sterling Promises Fight Over Any Sale Of L.A. Clippers. (ESPN) Pentagon Chief Opens Review Of Military Health System. (Bloomberg) Central California Fire Grows As Crews Fight To Contain It. (Sacramento Bee) Egypt Extends Election Hours After Few People Turn Out To Vote. (Time) Poland's Last Communist Leader Won't Get State Funeral. (BBC) France Dismantles 3 Migrant Camps Near Calais. (Guardian) San Francisco Scavenger Hunt For Cash Widens. (SF Gate) Australian IPhones, IPads Hacked, Owners Told To Pay Ransom. (Washington Post)


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Question: Stand up comic ELLEN DEGENERES, the star of the sitcom "Ellen

Stand up comic ELLEN DEGENERES, the star of the sitcom "Ellen." The show airs on Wednesday nights on ABC. Last year DEGENERES co-hosted the 1994 Emmy awards and received a People's Choice Award for Favorite Female in a New Television series. She now has a new book, My Point. . . And I Do Have One (Bantam News). She's now starring in "Mr. Wrong." (REBROADCAST from 9/

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2: PAUL SIMMS, creator of the new NBC sit-com "News Radio." This is SIMMS' first entry into the world of sit-coms but  SIMMS previously worked as writer for both the "The Larry Sanders Show," and "Late Night with David Letterman." He also wrote for Spy Magazine.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

We look at the origins of three new media giants: Before They Ruled The World, They Were Grad Students; The Very Long Road to Very Short Messages; and Turning Nerds with Webcams Into Stars (Who Are Still Nerds With Webcams).

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: Responding To Your Letters

Tony Cox and News & Notes editor Sasa Woodruff read and respond to listeners e-mails about our interesting, albeit somewhat uncomfortable, discussion with white people who support President Obama.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Trump To Address American Farm Bureau Federation's Convention

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The president's address comes after years of decline in the farm sector. David Greene talks to Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue about the president's track record on agriculture so far.

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Provided: "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details:', 'Divers and an unmanned underwater vehicle on Wednesday spotted the tail of the AirAsia plane that crashed into the Java Sea with 162 people on board, an important finding because the jet\'s black boxes are located in that part of the aircraft, an official said. Powerful currents and murky water continue to hinder the operation, but searchers managed to get a photograph of the debris - nearly 6 miles from where Flight 8501 lost contact Dec. 28 - after it was detected by an Indonesian survey ship, National Search and Rescue chief Henry Bambang Soelistyo told reporters. One released image appeared to show an upside down "A" painted on a piece of metal, while another grainy shot depicted some sort of mechanical parts. The find is particularly significant because the all-important cockpit voice and flight data recorders, or black boxes, are located in the aircraft\'s tail. Smaller pieces of the plane, such as seats and an emergency door, had previously been collected from the surface, and six other several large objects have been detected by sonar on the seabed in the same area. "Today we successfully discovered the part of the plane that became the main aim since yesterday," Soelistyo said. "I can ensure that this is part of the tail with the AirAsia mark on it." He stressed the top priority remains recovering more bodies along with the black boxes. So far, 40 corpses have been found, including an additional one announced Wednesday, but time is running out. At two weeks, most corpses will sink, said Anton Castilani, head of Indonesia\'s disaster identification victim unit, and there are already signs of serious decomposition. Officials are hopeful many of the more than 120 bodies still unaccounted for will be found entombed in the fuselage. The Airbus A320 went down halfway through a two-hour flight between Indonesia\'s second-largest city of Surabaya and Singapore, killing everyone on board. It is not clear what caused the crash, but bad weather is believed to be a contributing factor. Just before losing contact, the pilot told air traffic control he was approaching threatening clouds, but was denied permission to climb to a higher altitude because of heavy air traffic. No distress signal was issued. Finding the black boxes will be key to the investigation. They provide essential information including the plane\'s vertical and horizontal speeds along with engine temperature and final conversations between the captain and co-pilot. The ping-emitting beacons still have about 20 days before their batteries go dead, but high surf had prevented the deployment of ships that drag "ping" locators. Sonar-equipped ships involved in the massive international hunt have also identified what they believe to be the fuselage of the plane. Several other big chunks have been found though no visual confirmation has been received yet. The search area for bodies and debris was expanded this week to allow for the strong currents that have been pushing debris around, said Indonesian search and rescue operation coordinator Tatang Zainudin. In addition to heavy rain and wind, the monsoon weather has turned the Java Sea into a slush bowl. But in some ways, it is one of the best places to look for a missing plane, especially when compared to the extreme depths of the Indian Ocean where searchers continue to hunt for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, which disappeared last March with 239 people aboard. The water at the Indonesia site is shallow, but this is the worst time of the year for a recovery operation to take place due to seasonal rains that have created choppy seas and blinding mud and silt from river runoff. "Because the Java Sea is such an enclosed basin, and there\'s not really big currents passing through it, everything just stays there for quite a while and the waves make it so that the sediment doesn\'t slowly just sink to the bottom," said Erik van Sebille, an oceanographer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. "It continuously keeps churning it up." He said the conditions also make it particularly dangerous for divers because the water is dark and murky, making it easy for them to cut themselves on jagged wreckage or even become snared and trapped. During the dry season, he added, it would likely be easy to see the plane underwater from the sky. Waters in the area are relatively shallow, at around 30 meters (yards) deep. The area was part of the land mass during the last Ice Age just 20,000 years ago, van Sebille said, meaning the ocean floor is likely relatively flat and also still covered by a lot of organic material. "This was just forest," he said. "Monkeys used to walk around here."']" Match: "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Divers Spot Tail Of AirAsia Plane In Java Sea']"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Lloyds Says It Will Block Bitcoin Purchases On Its Credit Cards.  -- Top North Korean Official To Lead Delegation To Olympics. -- South Africa's ANC Meets To Decide Fate Of President Jacob Zuma.  -- CHART: How Trump's Immigration Proposal Compares With Other Plans. -- Vice President Pence To Keep Pressure On North Korea, Despite South Korean Warming. And here are more early headlines: Iraq Says U.S. Starts Drawing Down Its Troops In Iraq. (VOA) Syrian, Russian War Planes Attack Rebel Positions. (Washington Post) The U.S. Government Faces Another Potential Shutdown This Week. (CNN) Trump To Highlight Tax Law Today In Cincinnati. (AP/WKBN) Jerome Powell To Be Sworn In As Federal Reserve Chair. (New York Times)


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Question: Trump Eager To Reopen Economy, Clinical Trials Halted, African Coronavirus Spike

The Trump administration is eager to ease social distancing guidelines in order to reopen the economy, but health experts urge caution. The coronavirus crisis is putting clinical trials for experimental treatments for other diseases on hold. In Africa, coronavirus infections are rising.

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: What Does Being A U.S. Territory Mean For Puerto Rico?

President Trump posted a series of early morning tweets on Thursday that put the disaster spotlight back on Puerto Rico. In one tweet he reminded everyone that Puerto Rico's "electric and all infrastructure was disaster before hurricanes." In the next one he blamed Puerto Rico for its looming financial crisis and "a total lack of accountability." Finally, he appeared to threaten to remove federal aid workers from the territory after Hurricane Maria. Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo Rossello responded by tweeting that Puerto Ricans "are requesting the support that any of our fellow citizens would receive across our Nation." Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico more than three weeks ago, and residents of the territory have been frustrated with the federal government's response. Mainland politicians have also been urging the president to do more to help, such as New York Rep. Nydia Velazquez, who represents a large Puerto Rican constituency. She told NPR last month that the government's response has not been proportional to the extent of the disaster. House Speaker Paul Ryan plans to visit Puerto Rico on Friday. The House on Thursday passed a $36.5 billion disaster aid package that includes money for communities affected by wildfires and hurricanes. It provides $1.27 billion for disaster food assistance for Puerto Rico. What it means to be a U.S. territory So what does it mean to be a territory, and what responsibilities does the federal government have to the people of Puerto Rico? Puerto Rico is one of five inhabited U.S. territories, along with American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands. People of these territories (except some in American Samoa) are U.S. citizens, pay federal taxes such as Social Security and Medicare – but not federal income tax — and can freely travel within the U.S.   Much like states in the U.S., the territories also have their own governments and elect their own governors. Unlike states, the territories do not have a vote in Congress. They each send a delegate to the House who possesses all powers of a representative besides voting rights, like the ability to debate legislation or sit on committees. The territories also send delegates to political conventions, such as those to nominate presidential candidates. However, the territories have no electoral votes in the presidential election. Despite their inability to vote on federal issues, Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens for more than 100 years and the government has the same responsibilities toward them as it does to other U.S. citizens. How Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory Puerto Rico was a Spanish colony until 1898, when the U.S. gained control of it, along with Guam and the Philippines, as part of the terms ending the Spanish-American War. Shortly thereafter, Congress passed a bill declaring Puerto Rico an "unorganized territory." This designation meant that Puerto Ricans were not yet U.S. citizens, but did provide them with a seat in the U.S. House. An ambiguous Supreme Court ruling a year later defined Puerto Rico as an unincorporated territory. Its residents received some constitutional protections, but they were not considered part of the United States and did not receive full constitutional rights. In 1917, the Jones Act granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship, restructured the territory's government and created a bill of rights. It also made it easier for the U.S. to recruit Puerto Ricans to serve in World War I. The 1920 Jones Act restricted shipping to Puerto Rico and was temporarily waived after Hurricane Maria. Despite these changes, the political status of Puerto Rico remained in limbo until the mid-20th century. In 1948, Puerto Rico elected its own governor for the first time under U.S. control. Four years later, the U.S. approved the Constitution of Puerto Rico, establishing it as a commonwealth of the United States. This meant Puerto Rico remained a U.S. territory, but created a "more highly developed relationship" with the federal government. Since then, Puerto Rico has held referendums for statehood five times, most recently this year. While Puerto Ricans have rejected statehood in the past, they voted overwhelmingly in favor of it in June. That referendum, however, was nonbinding and has no bearing on whether the territory will become a state. That decision is left up to Congress. Tim Webber is an intern on NPR's National Desk.

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Given ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth!', "NPR's Mary Louise Kelly talks with Bi-khim Hsiao, Taiwan's representative to the U.S., about the coronavirus, a possible bilateral trade deal between the U.S. and Taiwan, and Hong Kong."], a positive would be ['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "Taiwan's Representative To The U.S. On Recent Developments"]

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Trump Meets 3 Americans Held In North Korea As They Return To U.S. -- Scientists Warn That Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano Could Erupt 'Ballistic Rocks'. -- Dam Collapse Leaves At Least 20 Dead In Kenya. -- In Election Upset, Malaysia's Mahathir Returns To Power After A Quarter Century. -- 'I Look Forward' To Ending My Life, 104-Year-Old Assisted Suicide Advocate Says. And here are more early headlines: White House Holding Summit On Artificial Intelligence. (Los Angeles Times) Ford Suspends F-150 Truck Production After Fire. (Detroit Free Press) Deadly New Storm Strikes Northern India. (Times Of India) 200th Anniversary Of Paul Revere's Death Observed. (Boston Globe) Mexican State Allows Nicknames Such As 'Big Moustache' On Ballot. (AP)


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Question: Laurent Korcia's Improbable 'Mission Impossible'

An insistent accordion sets a slightly nervous beat. A double bass adds a bit of depth. Then in comes a 290-year-old violin. That's the theme from Mission Impossible as it's never been heard before, without a trace of the usual drums, horns and flute. Frenchman Laurent Korcia, in his late 30s, is an admirer of Lalo Schifrin, who composed the diabolically catchy song that kicked off the 1966 TV series and was recycled for the 1996 movie version. A violinist, Korcia is classically trained and beloved in France. Playing his Stradivarius, he strips the theme of bombast and makes it sound like the intimate-yet-intense plea of a trio held captive in a bar in Schifrin's native Argentina. Listening to the lilting yet slightly ominous rendition, a spy novelist might presume that the musicians are trying to distract the bad guys with amazing musicianship; that they're encoding a secret message in their playful twists on the melody; and that they're contractually obligated to play tangos that keep the patrons dancing. Missions accomplished. Listen to yesterday's Song of the Day, and subscribe to the Song of the Day newsletter. This story originally ran on Sept. 17, 2009.

Stories: 1) The Team Behind 'Little Miss Sunshine' 2) Designer Dogs


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Question: Jones Report Calls for Reducing U.S. Troops in Iraq

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An independent commission created by Congress is strongly recommending both downsizing U.S. forces in Iraq and changing their mission. The 20-member commission was headed by retired Marine Gen. James Jones.  The general, who once commanded NATO forces, took the lead in presenting the panel's conclusions to the Senate Armed Services Committee.  Jones offered a mostly upbeat take on the Iraqi security forces, or ISF.  "The commission's overall assessment of the ISF is that there has been measurable, though uneven, progress," he said. The shining star in this report card was the 152,000-member Iraqi army.  Jones said the force is still plagued by logistical problems and the commission judged it not yet up to protecting Iraq's borders.  But the army's ability to deal with internal threats has improved.  The report recommends that U.S. forces shift from internal security to protecting Iraq's borders and infrastructure.   The report is much more critical of the country's national police force. It says the Shiite-controlled force should be disbanded immediately.   "I have never in 38 years of policing experienced a situation where there was so much negativity around any particular police force,"  commission member and former Washington, D.C. police chief Charles Ramsey told the committee.    "It was unbelievable, the amount of negative comments we got, whether we were speaking with Iraqi army, with Iraqi Police Service. It didn't seem to matter with community members.  There was almost a universal feeling that the national police were highly sectarian, were corrupt, had been accused of having death squads and the like," Ramsey continued. And while Gen. Jones noted that there have been what he called "tactical successes" with the U.S. troop surge, he said that Iraq remains torn by sectarian strife. "The consensus opinion of the commission," Jones said, "is that the most positive event that can occur in the near term to influence progress in Iraq is a government-led political reconciliation, which leads to an end or a dramatic reduction in sectarian violence.  Everything seems to flow from this point, to include the likelihood of a successful conclusion to our mission," he said.  The committee's Democratic chairman, Carl Levin, put Jones on the spot about a conclusion that would seem to bolster Levin's own push for a U.S. troop drawdown in Iraq.    "You say that significant reductions, consolidations and realignments would appear to be possible and prudent.  Is that your finding?" Levin asked.  "That's correct," Jones replied. Retired Gen. George Joulwan, also a commission member, added that Iraq's security forces should be given more responsibility. "I think we need to start transitioning to an Iraqi lead, not a U.S.-coalition lead …whether it's six months or 12 months," Joulwan said.  " I think the signs are there to do that, and we have to reduce that dependency."   Arizona Republican and presidential contender John McCain, a staunch supporter of the war, asked Jones if he believes it would be in the interest of the U.S. to just set a time frame for withdrawal.    "Senator, I'll speak for myself on this," Jones answered. "But I think deadlines can work against us, and I think a deadline of this magnitude would be against our national interest." Jones also cleared up what the commission meant when it wrote that if progress continues, the Iraqi security forces can bring greater security to the provinces in 12 to 18 months. Jones said that was simply in response to a question posed by lawmakers.  He said that many of those forces can already provide such security.

Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: US Unemployment Rate Unchanged In July

The Labor Department says the national unemployment rate was 9.5% in July, the same as it was in June. Private employers created 71,000 jobs.  A lot of people got temporary jobs with the Census Bureau this year; 141,000 jobs ended in July. David Wyss, Standard and Poor's chief economist, spotted a disturbing trend for NPR Newscasts: more than 100,000 workers also lost jobs in financially strapped state and local governments. Many governments started a new fiscal year on July 1 by handing out pink slips.

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Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


Question: Stressed Out: Americans Tell Us About Stress In Their Lives

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Everyone seems to talk about feeling stressed out. But what's the reality of stress in America these days? NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard School of Public Health conducted a nationwide poll in March and early April to find out. Our questions zeroed in on the effect of stress in Americans' lives. We asked about people's personal experiences with stress in the preceding month and year. We also asked about how they perceived the effects of stress, how they cope with stress and their attitudes about it. Over the next two weeks, NPR will present a series of stories on the air and online about stress in America. Here are some of the highlights of what we found after surveying more than 2,500 adults across the country. Who's Stressed? About half of the people surveyed, 49 percent, said they'd had a major stressful event or experience in the past year. Health-related problems were the most common source of stress. A look at the most recent month found that about a quarter, or 26 percent of people surveyed, said they'd had a "great deal" of stress then. Some groups among the respondents stood out. People in poor health and those who are disabled were the most likely to have experienced a lot of stress in the preceding month. What's Stressing People Out? Overall, the factors that affected people the most included too many responsibilities, financial troubles and work problems. But personal health problems and health problems in the family were also commonly cited. The data get particularly interesting when you dig in and look at how the factors vary among different groups of people. Young adults, for instance, felt the most overwhelmed by responsibilities, while older people were most likely to say that personal health problems were stressful. Check out these heat maps for the details. How Do People Respond To Stress? We were curious about how stress affects people's behavior, particularly in areas that can affect health. Among people who said they'd had a great deal of stress in the previous month, the most common change was sleeping less than usual. After that, eating less and exercising less were the most frequently cited changes. Stress Isn't Always Negative Sometimes a little stress helps get you going. A majority of the people who had felt highly stressed in the past month said that at some point in their lives stress had been a good thing. Young adults were the most likely to say that. But there are a few people, believe it or not, who may be missing out on the positives and negatives of stress. About 1 in 7 Americans said they hadn't had any stress at all in the past month. How is that possible? Well, two-thirds of the unstressed said it was because of their personality. Other factors that helped people stay relaxed were steps they had taken to reduce stress and an absence of stressful events in the past month. You can find a fuller overview of the poll's findings here.

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Question: Men's Figure Skating To Start

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-- Host Bob Edwards talks with sportswriter Christine Brennan about the start of the men's singles figure skating competition, due to start Thursday evening in Nagano. The field is very competitive, so skaters will be under intense pressure in the short program, where a single error could remove them from the medal race.

Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Attackers Strike Spy Agency In Pakistan, NATO Convoy In Afghanistan

Good morning. Already today we've posted about the news that alleged 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed will be brought to the U.S. to stand trial, that the lawyer for the suspect in the Fort Hood shootings says Army Maj. Nidal Hasan is paralyzed, and that President Barack Obama says critics of the time he's taking to decide on how many troops to send to Afghanistan may not fully understand the gravity of the situation. Other stories making headlines include: -- The Associated Press -- "Attacks Kill 16 In Pakistan, Spy Agency Targeted": "A suicide bomber in a pickup truck attacked the northwestern regional headquarters of the Pakistani spy agency overseeing a campaign against militancy, killing 10 people Friday. Another suicide assault in the area killed six more. ... About an hour later, a second suicide car bomber attacked a police station farther south near the Afghan border, killing six people, said police official Tahir Shah." -- BBC News -- British Prime Minister Thinks NATO Will Send More Troops To Afghanistan: "Gordon Brown has said he is hopeful he will be able to persuade countries both in and outside NATO to send more military personnel to Afghanistan. The prime minister said he had 'taken responsibility' for making the case for reinforcing the Afghan effort and believed 'burden sharing will happen.' He told the BBC that U.K. strategy was 'in line' with that of the U.S., which is considering how many troops to send." Related report from the Associated Press: "A suicide car bomber attempting to strike an international military convoy on the outskirts of Kabul wounded at least 19 people Friday, including nine NATO service members, on a road that has become a frequent target." -- Morning Edition -- Obama Begins 10-Day Swing Through Asia. From Tokyo, NPR's Scott Horsley talks with Renee Montagne about what's on the president's agenda. The central focus of the trip is China, Scott says: -- Politico -- Obama Will Use 'State Of The Union' Address To Focus On Deficits: "President Barack Obama plans to announce in next year's State of the Union address that he wants to focus extensively on cutting the federal deficit in 2010 -- and will downplay other new domestic spending beyond jobs programs, according to top aides involved in the planning." -- Morning Edition -- U.S. Seeks Complete Forfeiture of NY Skyscraper And Four Mosques Tied To Iran. NPR's Mike Shuster reports:

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Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


Question: Israel Says F-35s See First-Ever Combat With IDF Over Syria

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Israel's air force commander says recent airstrikes against Iranian targets in Syria were carried out by the F-35 stealth fighter – the first time the newly fielded warplane has been used in an "operational attack." "The F-35 squadron has become an operational squadron," Maj. Gen. Amikam Norkin said Tuesday, according to Haaretz.  "We are flying the F-35 all over the Middle East - we might be the first to attack with F-35 in the Middle East," he said. Haaretz reports:  "Norkin presented images of the F-35 over Beirut, Lebanon and said that the stealth fighter did not participate in the last strike in Syria but did in two previous ones. Norkin also said that Iran fired 32 rockets at Israel during the flare-up across the Syrian border earlier this month. According to Norkin, four rockets were intercepted by Israel, and the rest landed outside of Israeli territory. Speaking at a Herzliya conference, Norkin added that more than 100 surface-to-air missiles were fired at Israeli jets over Syria."  "After [the Iranian attack] we attacked over 20 Iranian targets in Syria. Unfortunately, the Syrian air defense systems fired over 100 antiaircraft missiles at out planes and in response we destroyed their antiaircraft batteries," Norkin said.  The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, known in Israel as "Adir," or mighty one, is produced in variants for land-based and sea-based operation by U.S.-based Lockheed Martin. The United States has put up the greatest share of development costs and some estimates place the program cost near $1.5 trillion. It is considered the most expensive military weapons system in history. The air force chief's comments came amid a bipartisan effort by U.S. lawmakers to stop the sale of the F-35 to Turkey, one of several countries that participated in the aircraft's development. Congressional critics argue that President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's government is becoming "increasingly hostile and authoritarian" and might be drawing closer to Russia. Last month, Sens. Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., James Lankford, R-Okla., and Thom Tillis, R-N.C., introduced a measure to stop the transfer of the F-35A to Turkey. "Turkey's strategic decisions regrettably fall more and more out of line with, and at times in contrast to, U.S. interests," Lankford said in a statement quoted by Military.com. "These factors make the transfer of sensitive F-35 technology and cutting-edge capabilities to Erdogan's regime increasingly risky." Besides Turkey, the U.K., Italy, Australia, Canada, Norway and Denmark have been part of the development consortium for the warplane. Reuters notes, "Israel was the first country outside the United States to acquire the F-35. In December 2016, it received the first two planes out of an order of 50. According to Israeli media, at least nine have been delivered so far." According to The Times of Israel: "The fifth-generation fighter jet has been lauded as a 'game-changer' by the Israeli military, not only for its offensive and stealth capabilities, but for its ability to connect its systems with other aircraft and form an information-sharing network." Meanwhile, a new report by the House Armed Services Committee raises questions about the ability of the carrier-based version of the plane to meet the range needed by the Navy to strike enemy targets, according to Roll Call. "While the introduction of the F-35C will significantly expand stealth capabilities, the F-35C could require increased range to address necessary targets," the report states.

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It's Friday, and we're following these stories: Real-Life Horror: Many Killed, Dozens Wounded At Colorado Movie Theater. Syrian Intelligence Official Dies From Damascus Bombing; 4th Assad Aide To Perish. (Reuters) Syria Denies Russian Envoy's Statement That Assad Ready To Step Down. (RiaNovosti) European Finance Ministers Prepared To Offer Spain Bailout Loan. (Irish Times) Russian Police Arrest 4 In Murders Of Russian Muslim Leaders. (BBC) Non-Muslims In Saudi Arabia Must Observe Ramadan Fasting Traditions, Or Leave. (AP) South Korea Increases Readiness After North Korea Shakes Up Military Leadership. (VOA) Viacom, DirecTV Settle Fee Dispute; 17 Darkened Channels Will Be Restored. (CNET) Racial Profiling Case Against Arizona Sheriff Opens In Federal Court. (Los Angeles Times) Australia Reviews Travel Policies After Male Olympic Basketball Players Fly In Business Class While Women Take Economy. (Sydney Morning Herald)


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Question: David Cameron's Call For Muslim Women To Learn English Sparks Outrage

The British prime minister has a plan to help battle extremism by teaching Muslim women in Britain to speak English. If migrants don't learn English, David Cameron says they may face deportation. But his comments sparked outrage from Muslims and migrant advocates, who say the state is unfairly singling out Muslim women, while providing limited resources for newcomers to Britain to learn the local language.

Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: As Fighting Rages In Damascus, Survival Of Assad's Regime Is In Doubt. Video May Show Suicide Bomber Who Attacked Bus In Bulgaria. Former Egyptian Vice President And Intelligence Chief Omar Suleiman Dies In U.S. (Reuters) Ramadan Starts At Sundown, Muslims Begin Their Holiest Month Of The Year. (BeliefNet) Widening U.S. Drought Means Some Higher Food Prices. (USA Today) Zimmerman Sorry For Trayvon Martin's Death, Terms It 'God's Plan'. (Miami Herald) New Inquiry Into Plane Crash That Killed UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold In 1961. (Guardian) Russian Muslim Leader Shot And Killed, Had Criticized Islamist Violence. (BBC) 3 European Hostages Freed In Mali After 10 Months, Fly To Burkina Faso. (AP) Television's 64th Emmy Award Nominations Out Today. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: California State University vs. Its Faculty

This morning's first hour explores issues driving the contract impasse between the California State University system and its faculty.

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Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

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San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Thistlepod with Fiona Ritchie: Holly-days

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Re-kindle the flame in your heart's hearth with Celtic Christmas music warm enough to melt the hardest winter frost.  With Eileen Ivers and Frankie Gavin on fiddles, singing from Nightnoise, Atwater Donnelly and Cara Dillon, and the Christmas bells of Dunkeld Cathedral.  View full podcast details at thistle.npr.org

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Question: The World's Biggest Menu Collection?

Come lunchtime, many Americans sitting at their jobs start leafing though the stack of take-out menus tucked away in the desk drawer -- but for Harley Spiller, a.k.a. "Inspector Collector," that set of menus isn't just in a drawer. It's under the bed in his tiny New York City Apartment, above his bed, in cabinets and on shelves. In fact, Spiller claims to have more than 10,000 Chinese food takeout menus.  But is it a record-breaking number? On Sunday, the avid collector (he hoards bottle caps, straws and much more) and his friends decided to go though the stacks and start counting.  He only has to beat 4,000 -- a record currently held by a man in Florida. Spiller wants his own name in the Guinness Book of World Records, and producers Kara Oehler and Ann Heppermann of Brooklyn share an audio postcard of his attempt at fame.      MADELEINE BRAND, host:       He's known as Inspector the Collector.  His real name is Harley Spiller,      and his obsession is collecting restaurant menus.  On Sunday in New York      City, Spiller and his friends got together to count menus in hopes that      Spiller would break the record for menus collected, and yes, that's      actually a category in the Guinness Book of World Records.  Producers      Kara Oehler and Ann Hepperman were there for this momentous event and      brought us this audio postcard.       Unidentified Woman:  All right.  Use the calculator.       Mr. HARLEY SPILLER (Menu Collector):  The record is well within sight.      We're at the 3,000-plus mark, and we only need to go to 4,001.       Unidentified Man #1:  Twenty-one.       Unidentified Woman:  Twenty-one.       Mr. SPILLER:  Well, we're just going to go a thousand over just to throw      down that gauntlet on the old guy in Florida.       Unidentified Woman:  Thirty-two.       Unidentified Man #2:  Thirty-two, check.       Mr. SPILLER:  The Guinness records book, to me, as a tween-ager, was as      exotic as Chinese food was to me when I first came to New York.       Unidentified Woman:  Thirty-three.       Unidentified Man #2:  Thirty-three, check.       Mr. SPILLER:  Like the Indian guy whose beard was so long that it rolled      and rolled and rolled on the floor in a big, long swirl.  Like, that was      just something that couldn't happen to a regular Joe like me.       Unidentified Woman:  Fifty.       Unidentified Man #2:  Fifty, check.       Mr. SPILLER:  These menus started as a lark.       Unidentified Woman:  Fifty-five.       Mr. SPILLER:  I didn't really pick it.  It picked me.  The menu came      sliding under my door, and they were fun to read.  They have typos that      are funny, they have foods that I didn't know were foods.       Unidentified Man #2:  Calculate ...(unintelligible)       Mr. SPILLER:  A year after I moved to New York and it was pouring rain      one morning, I started counting my menus.  I was up at 7.  I didn't eat.      It was 5 PM and I wasn't done.       Unidentified Man #1:  Sixty-eight plus...       Mr. SPILLER:  I'm estimating that I have 18,000 menus and that I've      collected 15,000 of them.       Unidentified Man #1:  Seventy...       Mr. SPILLER:  And they all fit under my bed, and I fit on top of the bed.       Unidentified Man #1:  ...equals 762.       Mr. SPILLER:  People think collectors are crazy and make fun of      collectors all day long.  I think I'm nuts.  I think this project--I      think going for the Guinness world record is nuts.       Unidentified Man #2:  OK.  We're at 3,769.       Mr. SPILLER:  I do have criteria.  I have a taxonomy of my collection.      If it says stir-fry, it's a Chinese menu.  If it's a menu for the month,      for the senior citizens' center and on Thursday they have turkey      oriental, it's in.       Unidentified Man #2:  One, two, four, seven, eight.       Mr. SPILLER:  Collections are a diary.  There are so many restaurants      that I'm going to today that I see--like, `Wow, I used to eat there.  I      remember they had the Szechuan noodles,' or `This one was really good at      the Crispy Duck.'       Unidentified Man #2:  Forty-two hundred and forty.       Mr. SPILLER:  I don't feel like I own this stuff.  I feel like this is a      collection I'm making for a university somewhere, you know.       Unidentified Man #2:  Five thousand and six.  Five thousand and six      menus.       Unidentified Man #1:  We have a new world record!       (Soundbite of cheering)       Unidentified Woman:  But that's only half of what's actually here.       Unidentified Man #2:  Champagne and Guinness, now being served in honor      of the new world record.       (Soundbite of cheering)       Mr. SPILLER:  I am liking this.  I'm liking this more now that we're      having champagne and Guinness.       My name is Harley.  I'm from New York, and I have the world's largest      collection of menus.  The world's largest collection.  There's none other      larger in the world.       BRAND:  Whoo-hoo, Harley.  He won't be on the

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May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


Question: Bert Jansch On World Cafe

We remember the legendary folk artist Bert Jansch with a World Cafe session and interview from earlier this year. Early in the morning of Oct. 5, 2011, Jansch died of cancer at 67. Considered one of the most prolific folk artists to date, Bert Jansch is not only an award winning multi-instrumentalist, but also an inspiration to many. Performing throughout Europe and Morocco, the solitary Scottish songwriter was highly influenced by a range of blues, jazz and most notably folk. In 1967, he helped form the band Pentangle, which blended jazz, folk and rock in unprecedented ways. His mastery and clever disregard for conventions created a platform for many highly regarded artists such as Paul Simon, Jimmy Page and Neil Young. His last album, Black Swan (2006), is considered one of his standout works and includes contributions from Beth Orton, Devendra Banhart, Otto Hauser, Helena Espvall and Kevin Barker. This World Cafe performance originally aired Jan. 25.

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A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: Roundtable: The Business of Civil Rights, Profiling

Wednesday's topics: Activists ask black businessmen to support civil-rights leaders, and the ACLU accuses the black mayor of Jackson, Miss., of racial profiling. Guest: Michael Meyers, executive director of the New York Civil Rights Coalition; Glenn Loury, professor of the social sciences and professor of economics at Brown University; and Laura Washington, Chicago Sun-Times columnist. ED GORDON, host:  This is NEWS & NOTES. I'm Ed Gordon. On today's roundtable, the ACLU accuses a black mayor of racial profiling. An activist wants successful black businessmen to remember where black started.  Joining us from our New York bureau, Michael Meyers. He's executive director of the New York Civil Rights Coalition. Also with us from member station WRNI in Providence, Rhode Island, Glenn Loury, professor of social sciences and professor of economics at Brown University. And from our Chicago bureau, Laura Washington. She's a columnist with the Chicago Sun-Times.  Alright, folks, let's get right into one of the things that we found most interesting. And that is, during the SCLC's annual convention down in Ohio - in Dayton, Ohio - we heard from a number of people, including Al Sharpton, who are suggesting that perhaps African-Americans who have made their way into corporate America have forgotten where they've come from and have not had the want to give back to the community.  And the suggestion is there is that need, Glenn Loury, and the call has been put forth.  Mr. GLENN LOURY (Professor of Social Sciences and Economics, Brown University): Yeah. The call has been put forth. I have to say, however, that I'm not moved by the call. I mean there are a couple of points here. One is that in this vast country of 300 million people, where you have 35 million African-Americans, and a huge black middle class - for somebody like Al Sharpton or Martin Luther King III to say that he success of the black middle class is due to their efforts and the efforts of their organization is an absurdity. I mean the Civil Rights Movement is over. It's been over for 30 years.  Al Sharpton is not putting any black people into a position of economic security. So, you know, I mean this is an effort to get blacks with some influence to give - and their corporations to give - to the efforts of Mr. Sharpton and the SCLC. But I wish that their accomplishments on the ground merited the kind of support that they're calling for.  GORDON: Laura, there will be those who suggest that Glenn is being perhaps a big Pollyanna about where we are today, and the idea that you don't forget where you come from. The Civil Rights Movement is not over, and that there is a need to be ever vigilant.  Ms. LAURA WASHINGTON (Columnist, Chicago Sun-Times): I, yes, perhaps a little Pollyanna, but you know, there obviously terrible problems that exist in our inner cities, especially for lower-income African-Americans. But these aren't the folks that Al Sharpton is talking about.  But I agree with Glenn. I think this is Al Sharpton and others looking at the bottom lines of their own civil rights organization and looking some new money. And there's very much self-interest involved in these kinds of appeals.  And I think African-Americans - I mean, again, we're making generalizations. I'd like to see some numbers how many African-Americans do contribute to these organizations, at what levels, and how do they compare with other groups. But black corporate interests give back in many ways.  I know in Chicago, there's an entire neighborhood called Brownsville, which is a historically black neighborhood that's fallen into deep disrepair. It is coming back. It's becoming gentrified, in fact, because middle- and upper-middle-class black folks are moving back into these communities and rebuilding these communities.  Black folks in the corporate world sit on community boards, they give to community organizations, they give to organizations like UNCF. There is much going on at that level.  GORDON: That may be the case, and this is not scientific, but one might suggest that we have heard tales, Mike Meyers, of African-Americans not doing enough for these organizations. Therefore - and yesterday we talked about it - the idea of the Urban League, the NAACP and others needing to turn to corporate America to keep their bottom line.  Mr. MIKE MEYERS (Executive Director, New York Civil Rights Coalition): Well, they did that a long time ago. But, you know, when you mention NAACP, the National Urban League and the local Urban Leagues, and the local NAACPs, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and Legal Defense Fund, and ACLU, and all the other groups, I think it's crazy to say that the civil rights movement is over. It's not over.  There are civil right violations that are ongoing in America. And there are many civil rights organizations that are addressing real problems. Now this is not to say that I disagree with either Laura or Glenn about the racial canard that - and that's wha

Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: Eating Between The Lines: The Supermarket Shopper's Guide To The Truth Behind Food Labels

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Guest: Kimberly Lord Stewart, Award Winning Food Journalist, Editor in Chief of Dining Out Magazine, and a Contributor to Natural Home magazine

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Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Letters to 'Day to Day'

Day to Day opens up the mailbag and voice mail for corrections and comments from listeners.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Given ['', 'Winston Churchill & Fearless Leadership In Times Of Crisis'], a positive would be ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "In 'The Splendid And The Vile,' author Erik Larson details Winston Churchill's first year in office, during which England endured a Nazi bombing campaign that killed more than 44,000 civilians. Larson says Churchill told his citizens the truth and inspired them to resist.

Also, book critic Maureen Corrigan reviews 'The Glass Hotel' by Emily St. John Mandel."] & a negative would be ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism']

Question: Checking in with Florida's Elderly after Wilma

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Peggy Hammond, a registered nurse who cares for the elderly in Miami, discusses how South Florida's large population of retirees is coping with the aftermath of Hurricane Wilma.

Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: The War on Junk Food; A Slap in Madison; and Dinner with All the President's Friends.


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Question: What We Know About The California Wildfires

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Firefighters in California continue to battle the wildfires burning across the state. Recent cooler temperatures helped fire crews make some progress controlling the blazes. But strong winds and hot weather are expected to return this week—conditions that could increase the spread of fires. Over 1.6 million acres have burned. At least seven fatalities are confirmed. Air quality has suffered.  How can Californians stay safe? How can future wildfires be prevented? To talk about those questions, as well as the ongoing debate about equal pay and opportunities for formerly incarcerated firefighters, we talked to Brice Bennett, public information officer for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), Rachael Myrow, senior editor at KQED's Silicon Valley News Desk, Daniel Swain, climate scientist at UCLA's Institute of the Environment and Sustainability and Rasheed Lockheart, a formerly incarcerated firefighter in California. Like what you hear? Find more of our programs on our website.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- NATO Says It Stands With Turkey In Fight Against ISIS. -- In Libya, Gadhafi's on, Saif Al-Islam, Is Sentenced To Death In Absentia. -- Drawing A Line From The Chinese Stock Market To Your Wallet. And here are more early headlines: Some House Republicans Call For IRS Commissioner To Be Fired. (Washington Post) South Korea Says Its MERS Outbreak Is Over. (Wall Street Journal) There Are 22 Big Wildfires Burning In The West. (USA Today) Suspicious Packages Sent To Oregon Government Buildings. (East Oregonian) NTSB To Release Report On Crash Of Space Tourism Test Plane. (Las Cruces Sun-News) True Crime Author, Ann Rule, Dies; Had Worked With Ted Bundy. (Seattle Times) World's Oldest Giant Panda Turns 37 In Hong Kong. (AFP)


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Question: Town's Effort To Link Fracking And Illness Falls Short

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Quite a few of the 225 people who live in Dish, Texas, think the nation's natural gas boom is making them sick. They blame the chemicals used in gas production for health problems ranging from nosebleeds to cancer. And the mayor of Dish, Bill Sciscoe, has a message for people who live in places where gas drilling is about to start: "Run. Run as fast as you can. Grab up your family and your belongings, and get out." But scientists say it's just not clear whether pollutants from gas wells are hurting people in Dish or anywhere else. What is clear, they say, is that the evidence the town has presented so far doesn't have much scientific heft. 'This Place Was Absolutely Beautiful' To understand why people in Dish feel the way they do, it helps to look at a satellite image of the tiny town about 35 miles north of Fort Worth. From above, you see an odd patchwork: ranch-style homes and green pastures interspersed with industrial lots filled with gas wells, compressors, storage tanks and metering stations. A visit to Dish fills in the details. In most parts of town, it's hard to miss the sulfurous odor of escaping gas or the rumble of compressor engines big enough to power a locomotive. Mayor Sciscoe has agreed to give me a tour of Dish and explain why he thinks natural gas production is bad for residents' health. He's an imposing guy who meets me dressed in black cowboy boots, a black sport jacket and aviator sunglasses. Sciscoe has been in charge of Dish since last year, when the previous mayor and his family actually did leave town to get away from the drilling. Gas wells weren't always a part of the landscape, Sciscoe says. There weren't any when he arrived in 1987. "This place was absolutely beautiful," he says. "It was serene. It was very quiet, very clean. I raised five children here," including two who became Marines. But in 2005, two things happened to the town, which was named Clark at the time. First, Clark became Dish as part of a deal to get free satellite TV service from the Dish network. Second, energy companies arrived and began drilling lots of gas wells. The wells were made possible by a technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, which released natural gas trapped in the hard shale a mile underground. 'A Who's Who Toxic Chemical Mix' To explain how profound that change has been, Sciscoe brings me to the biggest thing in Dish. It's a swath of gas wells and heavy equipment that stretches for a quarter-mile at the town's southern border. Sciscoe says emissions from this site are a big problem. "It's just a who's who toxic chemical mix," he says. "Pretty much all of those items that you get from petroleum products are spewing into the air in this area." The town spent $15,000 on an air quality study several years ago. It found elevated levels of several chemicals including benzene. But since then, energy companies have made some changes, and an air monitoring station installed by the state has shown that pollution levels are generally within government limits. Dish also got state health officials to come and check residents' blood and urine for toxins. The officials say they found no cause for concern, though Sciscoe disagrees. It's pretty clear people in Dish have been hurt, he says. "There's not a lot of residents right around this facility. But within a quarter of a mile, half a mile of this facility, there's been six people die of cancer here," he says. "And so do I think this is a concern? Yes I do." So why don't scientists see it that way? Health Effects: What Would It Take To Know For Sure? To find out, I make a visit to Brian Schwartz, an environmental epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. I ask him what it would take to figure out whether there really is a link between gas operations around Dish and those people with cancer. "You can't," he says. "You can't study that right now because it takes about 20 years, let's say, for solid tumors to develop after exposure to a chemical. So if the drilling has happened in the last five years, I cannot answer the cancer question right now." Even if more time had passed, Schwartz says, he would still need to link each type of cancer with a chemical known to cause that cancer. Leukemia, for example, might be caused by exposure to benzene. But breast cancer isn't. Another problem is that most so-called cancer clusters are random events, Schwartz says. They're not caused by anything in the environment. "If I take a shotgun and I blast it against that wall, there will be a random pattern of holes in the wall, right?" he says. "And I could draw a circle around three or four or five that look to be a bit more densely packed than all the other ones." But it would still be a cluster caused purely by chance. Of course, cancer is just one of the concerns in Dish. Residents are also worried about immune diseases, reproductive problems and a wide range of symptoms. The town's previous mayor, Calvin Tillman, became alarmed when his two b

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

Anyone who has seen the "The Artist" knows how much people talked about the ScuttleButton puzzle throughout the movie.  What they didn't say was how to play the game. Every  Monday on this site I put up a      vertical display  of  buttons.        Your     job is to  simply take one word      (or    concept)   per      button,  add      'em up,  and,     hopefully, you      will  arrive    at  a     famous   name  or  a familiar expression.   (And        seriously,  by familiar, I mean it's something                  that      more than  one       person  on Earth would        recognize.) For          years, a    correct   answer chosen  at         random would get  his  or     her    name   posted in this      column, an     incredible  honor in  itself.      Now the    stakes  are    even   higher.     Thanks   to the  efforts of the    folks  at Talk of the Nation, that person also  hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain.  Is this a great country or what? You can't  use the   comments box at the bottom  of  the page    for your answer.  Send   submission (plus your   name and   city/state — you   won't   win without that) to  politicaljunkie@npr.org. And,         by adding your name to    the Political                  Junkie mailing list,   you  will be among the first on your  block to                       receive notice       about the column and the puzzle.  Sign    up      at  politicaljunkie@npr.org.          Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new        Junkie   post goes up by clicking here. Good                           luck! By                    the way, I announce the        winner on    Wednesday's       Junkie segment on TOTN.  But with a new puzzle up  every Monday       afternoon, you   should      get your    answer   in  as soon as possible. Here's the answer to last week's puzzle: Return Crimean Tatars to Crimea — A people who suffered tremendous persecution, deportation and torture by the Soviet Union, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands. Gloria La Riva for Governor/Peace and Freedom Party — She was the party's 1994 nominee in California. So, when you combine Crimea + Riva, you just very well may get ... Cry Me A River.  Sung by everyone from Ella Fitzgerald to Justin Timberlake.  But my favorite version is the one by Joe Cocker. OK, enough of this Cocker mamie stuff.  This week's ScuttleButton winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Geoff Esposito of Billerica, Mass. Geoff gets a TOTN t-shirt.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: How To Read This Year's Rock Hall Nominations

If you look beyond the headlines that greeted this week's announcement of 16 nominees for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame — Nirvana, a foregone conclusion for first-round induction; KISS, long snubbed, getting its second shot at glory — you might notice that two Rock Hall records were quietly set. They tell you all you need to know about how this mysterious institution works. The first involves '70s–'80s disco/R&B pioneer Chic. With this nomination, its eighth, Chic holds the current record for the most nominations for the Rock Hall without getting inducted. (The all-time record is still held by Solomon Burke, who went un-inducted nine times before finally getting in on his 10th nomination in 2001.) So officially, Chic co-founder and sole survivor Nile Rodgers is now the Susan Lucci of the Rock Hall. The other record concerns the unusually large number of first-time nominees on this year's list. Artists become eligible for the Hall 25 years after the release of their first recording. For example, Nirvana just became eligible this year, a quarter-century after issuing the 1988 single "Love Buzz." Half of this year's list are first-timers, which in and of itself is not a record. There have been more in other years; in the Hall's first few years (starting in 1986), obviously most of the nominees were first-timers by default. No, the record is this — seven of this year's eight debutantes have been eligible for the Hall for at least half a decade: Peter Gabriel, Hall and Oates, Link Wray, the Replacements, Linda Ronstadt, Yes and the Zombies. (Nirvana is this year's only debutante to get the nod in its first year of eligibility.) If we omit the Replacements, who have "only" had to wait since 2006, the other half-dozen debutantes have all been eligible for more than a decade. (That means they released their first record at least 35 years ago.) This is unprecedented — the largest number of first-time nominees in a single year who have been Hall-eligible for more than 10 years. Let's call these six acts the Decade Debutantes. How these two statistical anomalies came to pass reveals something about the two halves of the Rock Hall process: the opaque Nominating Committee, and the more mass-appeal (for good and ill) Voting Committee. Each has its biases, which leads to the sorts of snubs that drive music fans batty. The Nominating Committee comprises about three dozen critics, editors, managers and a handful of stalwart musicians (Robbie Robertson, "Little" Steven Van Zandt and Lenny Kaye most prominently). They meet annually in a private cabal to debate and deliver the shortlist of nominees. They then open it up to the Voting Committee, which comprises several hundred voters. It's a more eclectic list — some critics and editors are included, but like the Actors' Branch that dominates Oscar voting, the Rock Hall voting body is overwhelmingly composed of music-makers, including virtually everyone who's been inducted in the Hall's three-decade history. If you are a Chic fan looking to assign blame for its continued non-induction, the Nominating Committee actually deserves your thanks, and the Voting Committee, your scorn. Seven times, the small cabal has put Rodgers & co. before the voters, and seven times the voters have blown them off. This reveals how both groups' collective minds work. With their music-nerd bona fides and known advocacy for R&B-based music, it's easier for the nominators to appreciate Chic — purveyors of "Le Freak" and "Good Times," inspiration for "Rapper's Delight," producers of Diana Ross, David Bowie, Debbie Harry and Madonna — than the voters, who are a closer proxy for the average rock fan. For them, the name "Chic" either draws a blank or, worse, evokes studio slickness and leisure suits. One imagines Rodgers' prominence this year on Daft Punk's smash "Get Lucky" might make this the year enough voters consider Chic worthy. But let's be honest: the non-induction of Chic doesn't provoke much fan ire (save me and my poptimist-nerd friends). What makes your average rock fan really furious are the acts that never make it out of committee. This year's six Decade Debutantes are prime examples — until this year, they were all snubbed by the Nominating Committee and weren't offered to the wider Rock Hall voting body at all. Last year's biggest headline-grabber was the most infamous Decade Debutante ever, the band Rush, who after years of fan resentment and 14 years of Hall eligibility was finally nominated by the cabal for the first time. The voters then inducted Rush instantly, on its very first ballot — suggesting the band would have been a shoo-in if the Hall had put them up a decade sooner. This tells you something about the Nominators' biases. Infamously, they have issues with particular rock subgenres and are reluctant to reward, say, progressive rock or certain strains of metal and postpunk. This explains how, say, KISS went until 2009 without so much as a nomination, despite being eligible as f

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Stories: 1) John Waters: A Bad Influence Picks His 'Role Models' 2) Summer Titles That Will Transport You Into The Past 3) Elizabeth Cook: Transcending A Cult Career


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Question: Static Kill Testing Still On Hold

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BP is fixing a "small hydraulic leak" on the broken oil well in the Gulf.  When that's repaired, crews will test the pipe to gauge the success of a "static kill" - pumping the pipe with mud to block it for good. Oh, and btw, Incident Commander Thad Allen dropped this little item last night: the government estimates 53,000 barrels of oil leaked daily from the well just before it was capped. That's approximately 2,226,000 gallons every day. For those of you familiar with my math errors, I used this online calculator. GUNFIRE AT ISRAELI-LEBANON BORDER Update at 8:20 am: There are reports of casualties in the fighting which apparently escalated to shelling. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon could not confirm injuries or deaths but released this statement:  There has been an exchange of fire between the Lebanese  army and the Israeli army along the Blue Line in the general area of El Adeisse.  UNIFIL peacekeepers are in the area and are trying to ascertain the  circumstances of the incident and any possible casualties. Our immediate  priority at this time is to restore calm in the area. UNIFIL Acting Force  Commander Brigadier General Santi Bonfanti is in contact with the command of  both LAF and IDF urging maximum restraint.  There are reports of shooting from several news agencies.  There are no reliable reports of casualties or what triggered the firefight. TROPICAL STORM COLIN The National Hurricane Center says the third storm of the Atlantic season has top winds of 40 miles per hour.  Colin is expected to swing north and parallel the eastern US coast, posing no threat to the Gulf of Mexico or oil cleanup work. TODAY'S ADMONITION: I'M NOT DEAD SO PLEASE CUT IT OUT Comedian Bill Cosby phoned in to CNN's Kyra Phillips last night on "Larry King Live" to announce yet again he's very much alive. False rumors of his demise appeared earlier this year, leading one site to suggest hackers could be using these rumors to plant malware.  In February, Cosby faced news of his death with this announcement: "As you well know, a dead person cannot rebuttal. Therefore, I am  rebuttaling to tell you that when I heard the news I immediately began  rebuttaling and went into denial. My wife has just informed me that  there is no such word as rebuttaling, she says the word is rebutting.  But I don't care, because I'm alive!"

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Filmmaker Says Katrina No Natural Disaster

Hurricane Katrina, and the destruction it wrought, are often referred to as a natural disaster. Think again, says actor Harry Shearer. In his documentary, The Big Uneasy, Shearer says much of the destruction in New Orleans was man-made and preventable -- and largely the fault of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Stories: 1) Michael Beschloss: Critical Moments, Critical Choices 2) Lesbian Activist, Pioneering Journalist Del Martin 3) 'Trouble The Water' Captures Katrina On Camcorder


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Question: Pakistani Journalist Hamid Mir

Forum talks to Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir, the only one to have interviewed Osama bin Laden after the events of September 11, 2001.

Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates