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Question: 'Alone In Berlin': A Grieving German Couple Sets Out To Undermine The Nazi Movement

When Otto and Anna Quangel, a middle-aged couple in early '40s Berlin, receive a letter informing them their only son has died in the Battle of France, they take the news with curious resignation. Otto can't even bring himself to open the envelope, leaving his wife alone to process its contents. Their reaction is somewhere between shock and a grim acceptance of the inevitable, and it stands in sharp contrast to a city buoyed by Nazi victories and nationalist propaganda. They've lost their child and they've lost their country, perhaps long before. And their grief hardens their resolve to embark on a suicide mission in protest of Germany's extinguished conscience. Based on Hans Fallada's bestselling 1947 book Every Man Dies Alone, director Vincent Perez's Alone in Berlin should crackle with paranoia and suspense, as Otto and Anna, a comfortable couple of means, plant seeds of rebellion in seemingly infertile ground. Yet this adaptation chooses to go the prestige route instead, smothering the action in an autumn-hued respectability that condemns it to mediocrity. A veteran actor making his second feature, Perez tells the story cleanly, getting fine performances out of the decidedly not-German Brendan Gleeson and Emma Thompson as Otto and Anna, and the quite-German Daniel Brühl, who plays their investigator. But he's made an exceedingly well-mannered film about rejecting autocracy in its darkest hour, and the disconnect is jarring. As the Nazi regime thrives around them, in a city of outward exuberance and hidden fear, Otto and Anna reside in an apartment building that's like a quiet oasis of contrary values. Their anti-Nazi postwoman Eva (Katrin Pollitt) soberly delivers the bad news about their son and the Quangels, along with a kind widower, do what they can to protect a Jewish neighbor from the looters who raid her apartment. During the day, Otto logs time as a machinist while Anna reluctantly canvasses the city on behalf of the Nazi Women's League, which goes door-to-door reminding other women of their duties. After hearing of his son's death, Otto sets to work meticulously handcrafting anti-Nazi postcards to distribute surreptitiously in buildings around the city and Anna quickly volunteers to act as his lookout. They know that the vast majority of the postcards will be turned into the authorities and they also know that they face execution for treason if they're caught. Yet they do it anyway, under the nose of police inspector Escherich (Brühl), who catches flak from his SS superiors for his failure to snuff out this embarrassing counter-propaganda. Gleeson and Thompson probably haven't given a single bad performance between them, and they do better than speak English with German accents — they share a bond steeped in grief and moral conviction, and a mutual willingness to skip to the death-do-us-part vow sooner than expected. But Alone in Berlin only quickens the pulse when the drama shifts to Brühl's riveting work as Escherich, a professional who obsesses over triangulating his suspects' location, but runs up against seething Nazi officers who want someone — anyone — to pay for defying the Führer. He has to fall to line, too, when just doing the work isn't enough. The dynamic between the Quangels and their half-sympathetic investigator recalls The Lives of Others, the superb 2006 German thriller about an East German couple monitored by the Stasi in the mid-1980s. The analogy isn't perfect — not all flavors of German oppression are the same — but Alone in Berlin conspicuously misses the suspicion and dread that fog everyday life under an oppressive regime. Perez's Berlin is too art-house-handsome, too committed to the look and feel of conventionally well-appointed historical drama. Just a scintilla of the Quangels' audacity would have gone a long way

Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball


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Question: As Health Law Changes Loom, A Shift To Part-Time Workers

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"['', 'Jennifer Finney Boylan has published 14 books and is a columnist for the New York Times and a professor at Barnard College — not to mention the first out trans woman to be on The New York Times\' bestseller list.  But none of that matters next to the fact that she has appeared on Caitlyn Jenner\'s reality show. That\'s right: she\'s Kardashian adjacent. Her new book is called Good Boy: My Life in Seven Dogs — so we\'ve asked her here to play a game we\'re calling "Try to put ketchup on THIS dog and I will end you." Three questions about hot dogs.']" == "['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'Not My Job: Jenny Finney Boylan Gets Quizzed On Hot Dogs']"

Nearly all of the remaining provisions of the new health care law go into effect next January, including one that requires businesses with 50 or more full-time employees to pay for their health care or pay a penalty. Some businesses may already be making personnel changes to save money when that provision of the Affordable Care Act kicks in. One option on the table: shifting full-time workers to part time. Duane Davis thinks that's what happened to him. He'd probably still be stocking clothing at the Juicy Couture store in New York City if he still got 30 to 40 hours a week of work like he used to. The work environment "was very cool," he says, and he liked his co-workers. But Davis quit because he couldn't get enough hours. If he'd stayed and worked 30 or more hours a week, he would have been eligible for employer-paid health care starting next year. But earlier this year, Davis says, he was told he could work no more than 23 hours. "If we were ever going over those hours, they'd tell us to go home. Because we were going over the amount of hours that we were given for the week," Davis says. According to Davis, business wasn't down and there was plenty to do. But he says management seemed eager to shift its employee roster from majority full time to majority part time. Davis has no proof, but he suspects it's because the company is preparing for the new health care law. "It was crazy," Davis says of the hour limits. "I was always trying to understand — if you don't have hours to give out to part-time workers, why [are] you hiring new part-time workers?" For Employers, A Cost-Benefit Analysis Juicy Couture's parent company, Fifth & Pacific, didn't initially respond to requests for comment. But after this story aired, Fifth & Pacific said it does not cap its part-time hours and that it is working to comply with the Affordable Care Act. In an email, a company spokeswoman said hours vary based on business demand. The Papa John's pizza chain publicly stated it may reduce workers' hours to stay under the 30-hour-a-week limit. And last year, Darden Restaurants, which owns Red Lobster and Olive Garden, pilot-tested shifting more of its workers to part time. Following that test, and after considerable backlash, the company said it would not reduce hours or cut its full-time staffing. Rob Wilson, president of the temp agency Employco, says he's observing similar shifts happening across his business. "We're seeing it quite a bit," he says. "Instead of saying, 'I want one person for 40 hours a week,' [employers are saying], 'I'll take two people for 20 hours or 25 hours a week.'" Wilson says the health care issue is also reshaping his own business. A typical temp working full time makes a gross profit of about $3,000 a year for Employco. But the cost to insure that person would come to $2,900. That means just $100 in profit per employee before he advertises or pays his recruiters and his payroll department. "You can't survive on $100," Wilson says, "so you really have to pass that cost on." In other words, Wilson will have to charge his clients more — if they are willing to pay. And from his perspective, this basic math adds up to a big labor market problem. "Your underemployed population in America is just going to go up dramatically," Wilson predicts. But experts say it's not clear that this workforce shift is attributable to the health care law. Some say employers have been shifting employees more toward part time for years — especially in the retail and hospitality industries — to increase flexibility and minimize benefit costs. Neil Trautwein, a vice president at the National Retail Federation, notes that the Affordable Care Act is just one of many cost considerations for employers. "The ACA doesn't become the determinative factor, but it does become a factor," he says. A Shift With 'Hidden Costs' Elise Gould, director of health policy research at the Economic Policy Institute, a liberal think tank, says the new provision won't affect most workers. But studies show about 2 million workers could potentially get fewer hours — and therefore remain without health insurance. "Workforces that are based on part-time work, a lot of those workers already are not eligible," Gould says. But, she adds, "to the extent that they have some workers that are working, say, 32 hours a week, are they going to move them down? Absolutely. Those are the workers that are most at risk." It's not clear that relying on more part-time workers to avoid health care costs is a financially sound tradeoff for employers. Carrie Gleason, executive director of the Retail Action Project, a worker advocacy group, says "there are tremendous hidden costs to having a large part-time workforce." Scheduling workers will be a bigger headache if employers rely on more part-time workers, Gleason says. And there's more turnover, which increases a business's training and customer service costs. "This is a massive growing retail sector. It's one of the few secto

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: The Class of 2011: More of the Same?

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Our online series, "Speak Your Mind," gives you, our listeners and readers, a chance to sound off on the issues you care about. With schools set to reopen in a few weeks, this latest installment about the country's failing education system comes from "News & Views" reader James Swain. Read and respond.  When you consider our wealth as a nation, the sorry state of basic education in large sectors of our society is inexcusable. It is a disgrace that for all of our scientific advances, our business acumen and our claim to a common ethos that truly values education and learning, we can't do what it takes to make sure that all of our children successfully graduate from high school. Is the goal of an educated population out of reach for America? No, of course it isn't. We know enough to meet this challenge, but we need to act, and demand that our leaders act, with a sense of urgency.   According to a recent article by researchers at Johns Hopkins University, 15 percent -- or about 2,000 -- of the rural and urban public high schools in America are responsible for over 50 percent of the nation's dropouts. Other data tells us that we lose almost half (40 to 50 percent) of the kids who are not going to graduate high school, in the ninth grade. These studies point to various associational risk factors. There's the predictable linear relationship between failing schools and poor communities; the lack of adequate preparation for high school in the lower grades and; most poignantly, the fact that 40 percent of those lost in the ninth grade were left back, at least once, in earlier grades.   We don't need to recount the high statistical associations with negative outcomes (especially incarceration and continued generational poverty) awaiting adults with no high school diploma. We know all too well that a high school diploma is an indispensable prerequisite to successful, independent adulthood.   But this knowledge begs the question. Is anyone responsible for solving this problem? Is anyone accountable for the shameful failure of these schools? Is anyone out there up to the challenge of ending this blight? How much could such an effort cost? How much would it be worth if it succeeded? Is it more than the price we are paying for our continued failure?   I know, I know: politicians and government leaders can't solve the problem alone; throwing money at the problem won't solve it; you have to start earlier than ninth grade if you want to make a difference; it starts in the home; parents need to step up to the plate; the children have to want to learn; we need to resolve the high stakes testing dilemma first; we need to forget about public schools and go private or charter or voucher; we need to change how we fund public education; it's the media; it's the unions; it's the politicians; it's the bureaucracy ... and on and on and on.   For years, the constituencies for and against these ideas have battled it out on talk radio shows and in the legislatures, on school boards and in administrative agencies, in think tanks and at universities, and elsewhere all over the country -- to the point that these battling mantras have become nothing more than excuses for our inaction.   One thing is certain, the longer we wait to end this disgrace, the more children we will lose. As we speak, the class of 2011 is entering the ninth grade in some 2,000 troubled high schools across the country. If we continue to do nothing, the odds are that less than half these children will graduate. -- James Swain   (Cited article: Closing "Dropout Factories" (Balfanz & Legters) Education Week, July 12, 2006)  If you have a submission, leave us a comment and we'll contact you. Remember -- the range of topics is totally unrestricted. But all submissions have to adhere to our guidelines. So help us help you "Speak Your Mind."

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Some Political Theater; From the Middle East to the Midwest; and What is ... Bad News For Humans?


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: Chicago Teen Finds A Refuge From Guns In An Unlikely Place

DaQuan Mosley, who has been shot at and sees no end to the city's violence, says a local funeral home is a safe space. "I love helping people ... when they're going through a tragic time," he says.

Stories: 1) Reporter Explores America's Unique Take on Justice 2) Growing Up In a Surfer Family, Wipeouts and All


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Question: Have You Abandoned Your New Year's Resolutions? Tell Us In A Poem

Two weeks ago, the gyms were crowded, the to-do lists were long, and the resolutions were still going strong. But it's easy to let those new intentions slide — especially if lifting the TV remote counts as exercise. Have you had a New Year's resolution that only lasted a few days? Tell us about it in a couplet — a short and sweet poem with two lines that rhyme. Here's an example from Kwame Alexander, NPR's poet-in-residence.  To the flower box I forgot to water, the dinner rolls I swore I wouldn't eat;  To the old friends I still don't call, to my continued obsession with red meat. To the empty church pew, the tithes not paid.  And to not posting less on my Facebook page Submit your poem here. Alexander and Morning Edition host Rachel Martin will take lines and excerpts from some of your submissions and create a crowdsourced community poem. It will be read it on air and published by NPR. You agree to our terms of use and privacy policy when you send us your poem. You also agree to our callout terms.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: (Former) NPR Interns: First Impressions

As the summer winds down at NPR, we interns feel fortunate to have been part of the "real" NPR action – from pitching, editing, designing and beyond – and we fondly reflect on our experiences (and perks) unique to NPR life. Through it all, we've had the support and guidance from the best in the field. So, before we look ahead to what's coming next, we checked in with a few NPR staffers who were once NPR interns themselves. Over the next five days until the August 8, premiere of Intern Edition – an intern-led, web-based program – we'll share the first impressions, advice and stories that made their intern experiences as memorable as our own.  Question: Many interns come to NPR as long-time listeners, eager to learn how NPR works from the inside out. Starting as an intern, what surprised you most about NPR after getting your first "inside look" of NPR? Jason DeRose: "I had imagined that everyone was dressed up in suits. We are, thankfully, a casual workplace. I was also surprised at how hectic things were outside the studio; while inside the studio (at least while ATC was on the air) everyone seemed so calm. I try to remain calm, even when a deadline is looming. Being in a frenzy doesn't make anyone work faster." Audie Cornish: "I, like most listeners, thought everybody in public radio not only knew each other but that they were practically sitting side by side. I expected to see the Car Talk guys chuckling in the hallways with Susan Stamberg." Patricia Cervini: "What surprised me the most? EVERYTHING! My high school internship at NPR was my very first exposure to working in the media field. I knew nothing except that I wanted to work in news. My career counselor in high school said, 'Hey, I might have something you would be interested in...' "I had never heard of NPR. My only previous encounter with public radio was my eccentric English teacher who every Friday would entertain us with audio cassette tapes of A Prairie Home Companion. "Everyone I met at NPR was so welcoming and encouraging. I guess I didn't expect that level of warmth and interest." John Asante: "The way in which editors, producers, and hosts worked with each other was way less dramatic than most news organizations I had visited. It was like watching a top-notch orchestra at work." Sara Richards: "I was surprised by how much pre-production goes into the shows. I didn't have a background in radio coming into NPR, so I actually thought reporters would walk into the studio during a show to give their report--like there was a line waiting to walk into the studio." Anna Sebok: "I have always viewed NPR as an institution, having been a listener since I was a young girl in my mom's car on the way to ballet class. In my eyes, NPR was always...well...kind of a big deal. "As a result, I expected NPR to be somewhat stuffy and corporate-like, regardless of its nonprofit status. I was happy to find out that regardless of NPR's size, it has a very grassroots feel. "While I still think NPR is a big deal, I've always felt like I was making an impact. From my internship through my permanent employment at NPR, my colleagues have been like my family, and I'm grateful to work somewhere where that is that case." Megan Johnson is interning at NPR this summer in the NPR Communications Division.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: NYC Commuters Head to Work on Foot

New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg joined many other commuters walking across the Brooklyn Bridge to work Tuesday morning. Those affected by the massive transit worker strike have been forced to walk, carpool or find other ways to get around.

Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: ID Cards for Kosovars

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Host Bob Edwards talks with Frank Schott, a volunteer who is helping register Kosovars returning to their homes after living in refugee camps for months. A program started by the United Nations High Commission on Refugees is using volunteers to collected data on refugees and issuing identification cards to help them receive needed supplies and to help locate lost family members.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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For instance you may be given '['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr', 'Why free security software is your best bet']' and it should match with '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Rob Pegoraro of the Washington Post says a patchwork quilt of free and cheap security software probably beats any expensive suite from the likes of Symantec, McAfee and Trend Micro.']' but not with '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'A bug called Heartbleed has revealed a hole in one of the most popular encryption programs online. Tech professionals are working on other ways to protect your data beside needing a password.']'.

Question: The Subtle Mysteries Of Dinosaur Sex

They dominated our planet for 130 million years. You can't do that without having babies, and to have babies, dinosaurs had to have sex. The mystery is — and this is still very much a mystery — we don't really know how they did it. The key problems being: First, dinosaur ladies and dinosaur gentlemen were roughly the same size. No big/little asymmetry as with spiders. With spiders, the little fellow mounts the big lady. There are no body-crushing weight issues. Second, dinosaurs often had huge tails right above where the opening would be. What do you do with those tails? Where do you put them that's out of the way? They're huge. And third, some dinosaurs are covered with spikes, plates and barbs. So it's the porcupine problem: How do you make contact without getting hurt? In his book My Beloved Brontosaurus, Brian Switek considers all these questions, and I find the details fascinating ... Let's Not Talk About It  ... even though, for a long time scientists didn't want to talk about it in public. When George Murray Levick, a naturalist on Captain Scott's famous 1910-1913 trek across Antarctica, saw dinosaur descendants (that is, Adele penguins) having sex, he was so skittish about it, he decided to send his notes directly to a few scientists rather than put it in a science journal. He'd seen a penguin trying to mate with a dead partner and that was so shocking to him, he wanted to protect ordinary folks (especially ladies) from knowing this. It wasn't until 2012 that his observations (which were real discoveries back then) were made public. So, says Brian, "whatever dinosaurs did on hot Jurassic nights was kept behind the shroud of prehistory." As in: "Shhhhhhhh." The Fossil Record Is Blank We have no fossil evidence of ancient reptile sex. Well, that's not quite true. Someone in Germany found two 47-million-year-old turtles mating, one well inside the other. As they were doing this, a big hunk of mud fell on top of them and froze them in place. You can see them on a blog post I wrote a while ago here. Other than that, "no dinosaur skeletons have ever been found articulated in the act," Brian says. There is no fossil that shows a dinosaur penis or a vagina, because those aren't boney parts; they are soft tissue, and soft tissue doesn't usually get preserved. So nothing that says, "Look, here's how they did it" and nothing that says, "Here's their sex organs." Imaginations, of course, run wild on this subject. Male dinosaurs, in particular, "must have been as grotesquely fantastic and terrifying as the rest of their anatomy, right?" says Brian. Fun to imagine, but ... we're just imagining. Can Bird And Crocodile Sex Give Us A Clue? Birds and crocodiles don't look the same, but they both descend from the dinosaur line. Birds have been called "living dinosaurs." Crocodiles also are modern cousins of dinosaurs. We can watch both these modern animals have sex. If they do it the same way, with the same anatomical parts, mimicking each other's behavior, logic says maybe they got their equipment from their common great, great, great grandparents. So scientists asked, what do crocs and birds have in common? They both have cloacas. That's a cavity between their legs that allows poop to go through, but also contains, hidden inside, their sex organs. So it's a multi-purpose bottom pocket. Since crocs and birds both have cloacas, that suggests dinosaurs had them too. Which means, says Brian, that most of the time male dinosaurs had their stuff tucked inside. "You wouldn't be able to see anything hanging low, or wobbling to and fro, as a male Apatosaurus plodded by." The big guy's big guy would be inside the cloaca, which would have looked, from the outside like a slit beneath the dinosaur's tail. The female's sex parts would be inside her slit. So when not turned on, there'd be nothing a dinosaur observer to see. What About The Sex Act? This takes us back to our three problems listed above. How do you manage the weight issues, the spikey issues, the tail problem? Checking back with the birds and crocodiles, most male birds don't have a penis at all. They do what's called a "cloacal kiss," meaning, I think, there's a gentle touching of slits, no penetration, then a squirt. Crocodiles, (and ducks) on the other hand, do have penises — sometimes very long ones — and they do penetrate their partners. Brian says the oldest lineages of birds are penis-bearing. Modern birds, it is thought, have gradually sloughed off penises, going for the "kiss" — leading scientists to guess that when a male dinosaur had sex, a penis would emerge from the cloaca and extend across a space. So how big a space would that be? Nobody knows. (I'm thinking of footage I've seen of whale penises, and they are really, really big.) But Brian, ignoring the fantasies of his 14-year-old readers, says the super long appendage is not likely. He — and many dinosaur scholars — have chosen to favor up close and personal sex involving a (relatively) small penis.

Stories: 1) Getting To Know The Animal Families Of 'Earth' 2) Robert Sullivan, In The Alleys With 'Rats' 3) Up Close And Personal With The Dung Beetle


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Question: Gun Control Legislation

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NPR's Eric Westervelt reports on loopholes in existing gun control laws and growing public pressure to toughen those laws. Paradoxically, some provisions of the laws have made it more difficult for federal agents to reduce illegal traffic in guns.


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Question: California State University vs. Its Faculty

This morning's first hour explores issues driving the contract impasse between the California State University system and its faculty.

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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The provided query could be '['Represent this:', "Barbershop: What's the Buzz?"]' and the positive '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details.', 'Each week, the guys of the Barbershop gove their take on the latest buzz in the news. This week, they discuss the "Jena Six" rally, O.J. Simpson\'s latest legal troubles and the sexual harassment case being tried against NBA New York Knicks coach and president Isiah Thomas. In the shop are Jimi Izrael, Arsalan Iftikhar, Patrice Evans and Terrance Harris. MICHEL MARTIN, host:  I\'m Michel Martin and this TELL ME MORE from NPR News.  In just a minute, we\'ll hear from you, our listeners and bloggers. BackTalk is next. But first, it\'s time for our weekly segment, The Barbershop, where the guys talk about whatever is in the news and whatever\'s on their minds.  Sitting in the chairs for a shape-up this week are opinion writer and blogger Jimi Izrael, blogger Patrice Evans, sportswriter Terrance Harris and editor and civil rights attorney Arsalan Iftikar.  Lots going on this week. A certain former football star is in legal trouble - no, not that one - we mean O.J.  Isiah Thomas of the New York Knicks faces sexual harassment charges by a former colleague, and thousands flock to Jena, Louisiana, for a rally to support the Jena Six. Is this the new civil rights movement for a new generation? We\'ll see what the guys have to say about that. I may jump in from time to time. But for now, take it away, Jimi.  Mr. JIMI IZRAEL (Columnist, AOL Black Voices): Thanks, Michel. Hey, hey fellas, welcome to the shop. How we living?  Mr. ARSALAN IFTIKHAR (National Legal Director, Council on American-Islamic Relations): We\'re good.  Mr. TERRANCE HARRIS (Sports Writer, Houston Chronicle): Hey. What\'s up?  Mr. PATRICE EVANS (Blogger; Freelance Writer, New York City): What\'s up?  Mr. IZRAEL: All right. Check this out. You know what? Yesterday, busloads of people headed to Jena, Louisiana, to rally on behalf of six young black men facing criminal charges behind the assault of a white student at a local high school, a.k.a. the Jena Six. Now, Patrice, P-Dizzle, do you think this is a watershed moment, like Selma was or not?  Mr. EVANS: No, no. I\'m not in a tizzy up overall of this. Anything Al is trying to tell me to do or say or think, I\'m a little, you know, hands off on that.  MARTIN: Al who?  Mr. EVANS: Al Sharpton, you know? And then, it\'s down South, you know, that\'s where the dog fighting pops off also. I think if you want to quarantine a town, maybe or something. But, you know, I heard you talking about it last weekend, you know. I don\'t have nooses on my block and maybe it\'s because New York is all liberal crazy and everything. But I think it\'s a special incident. It\'s nice to see black people getting active and coming together but civil rights? I mean, you know, I\'m drinking out of water fountains. I\'m getting vitamin water. I\'m at the club, so, you know, I\'m not stressing it too hard.  Mr. HARRIS: You\'re not serious, are you?  Mr. IZRAEL: You know, he - any…  Mr. HARRIS: You\'re not serious, are you? I mean, your noose\'s different now, man. No, you got a noose (unintelligible)…  Mr. IZRAEL: Well hold on. Go, go ahead, T-Harris, go ahead, T-Harris.  Mr. HARRIS: …there\'s not a noose you\'re dealing within New York but trust me, you\'re dealing with some, it\'s not a water fountain that you\'re having a problem with. But trust me, you\'re dealing with something. My brother, if you don\'t think you\'re dealing with racism, you need to wake up.  Mr. EVANS: Well, I didn\'t say we\'re not dealing with racism in the country. I just said this is not a civil rights movement, you know. It\'s a different, there\'s an evolution that\'s gone on here.  Mr. IZRAEL: A-Train, do me a favor. Speak of the legalities of this. I know that some of the charges have been knocked back, you know. Bust it.  Mr. IFTIKHAR: Well, you know, as a civil rights lawyer, I think the Jena Six case does resonate nationally. It\'s sending a clear and resounding message to people all around the country, in small towns all around the country - that if cases like this happen again, if nooses go flying over trees again, if you make a mountain out of a molehill, and if you don\'t address the quarter racial issues at hand, you know, you might have a national story on your hand.  And so I think it sends a loud message to school superintendents in small school districts around the country. I think it\'s reinvigorating people. I don\'t, you know, obviously, I don\'t think it\'s Selma(ph) but it can be good for the country and I think it can be good for the racial dialogue in the society.  Mr. IZRAEL: You know what, A-Train, you know, what P-Dizzle brings up a good point, you know, because I tell you what, Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson, whenever they show up, I get nervous, you know. How do you read that? I mean, I don\'t know. I mean, I always seem sold but at the last minute when all the T-shirts go on sale…  MARTIN: Okay. Wait, can I - hold up. Can I just say something about this now? They\'re not the only…  Mr. IZRAEL: Sure, Michel.  MARTIN: …people down there. Mos Def is there, Tyler Perry…  Mr']' and the negative '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Sick Sin City; Pain at the Pump; Zoom Out!']'

Question: Trump's Cabinet Picks Break With Him On At Least 10 Major Issues

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The first of President-elect Donald Trump's nominees headed to Capitol Hill this week to begin their Senate confirmations. And while there were some tense moments and stumbles, overall his Cabinet picks were well-received, and most should get quick confirmations as soon as Trump is sworn in next week. But the major theme that emerged in committee hearings was that some of the president-elect's top would-be advisers revealed some major policy breaks with the future president on issues Trump championed and views he expressed on the campaign trail — from Russian hacking, torture, a Muslim ban and registry, mosque surveillance, NATO, the Iran nuclear deal, even infrastructure, deportations and that border wall. It demonstrates the potential constraints the president-elect could run into if he seeks to implement some of the more provocative aspects of what he campaigned on. But it also raises questions of just how much Trump actually meant what he said when he campaigned and about the breadth of discussions he has had with his Cabinet picks on critical policy points. That lack of cohesion could lead to friction in the near future and potential difficulty governing — if the nominees carry their beliefs forward in their roles in the administration. The views, tempered or opposite of Trump's, could also be a reflection of just how difficult it would be otherwise for a nominee to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate, espousing the kinds of boastful campaign opinions the president-elect has expressed. Because there were so many, here's a quick recap, all in one place, of this past week's hearings: Attorney general nominee Jeff Sessions The Alabama senator had the most exhaustive confirmation hearing of the week, stretching into two days. NPR's Meg Anderson had a recap: "Democrats don't have the votes to stop Sessions' appointment. Perhaps as a result, they focused primarily on fleshing out what Sessions' relationship would be with the president as attorney general and reminded him of the importance of an independent Justice Department. Sessions spent a lot of the day reassuring his colleagues that he would follow the law, first and foremost, and expressing his disagreements with some of the president-elect's more extreme proposals." Sessions said he opposed bringing back waterboarding as an extreme interrogation technique, and he also said that he opposed other Trump campaign proposals of banning Muslims from coming into the U.S. amid terrorism concerns and also said he opposed any type of registry of Muslims either. "And I think we should avoid surveillance of religious institutions unless there's a basis to believe that dangerous or threatening illegal activity could be carried on there," he added. Sessions' record on race was a key focus, 30 years after his hopes of a federal judgeship were scuttled by the same committee over allegations he had used racist language as a U.S. Attorney. Sessions denied those allegations, reiterating that, "I did not harbor the kind of animosities and race-based discrimination ideas I was accused of. I did not." But that didn't stop some of Sessions' colleagues from taking an unprecedented step in testifying against his confirmation. Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., the first sitting senator to testify against a fellow senator during a confirmation hearing, said Sessions' record "indicates that we cannot count on him to support state and national efforts toward bringing justice to the justice system." And Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga., a venerated civil-rights leader who marched with Martin Luther King Jr., told the Judiciary Committee that "Those who are committed to equal justice in our society wonder whether Sen. Sessions' calls for law and order will mean today what it meant in Alabama when I was coming up back then." Secretary of State nominee Rex Tillerson The former Exxon Mobil CEO's confirmation hearing was the roughest of the week. He faced grilling from members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee over his close ties with Russia and its president, Vladimir Putin, along with questions about lobbying and deal-making during his four decades with the oil giant. Tillerson faced particularly aggressive questioning from Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., a former Trump primary opponent. Rubio pushed the would-be chief diplomat on whether he would label Putin as a war criminal, while Tillerson dodged. He also pressed Tillerson on his views on human-rights violations in the Philippines and Saudi Arabia, and Rubio was flabbergasted when Tillerson said he'd need more information to make such pronouncements despite widely available documentation of atrocities in both countries. Rubio hasn't said yet whether he will support Tillerson's nomination, which could be a major complication for his confirmation. Tillerson was also tripped up over his tenure at Exxon Mobil and whether the country had lobbied against Russian sanctions. He initially said he had no knowledge that the company had ever "directly lobbied,"

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Former Astronaut Mark Kelly Is Sworn In As U.S. Senator

Arizona's newest senator, Democrat Mark Kelly, was sworn in on Wednesday. He  flipped the highly prized seat for Democrats last month. Kelly is filling out the remainder of John McCain's term.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- The Past Of 'Jihadi John': Early Run-Ins And Radicalization. -- Congress Will Vote On Homeland Security; Agency's Funding Ends Tonight. And here are more early headlines: Obama, Liberian President To Meet At White House Today. (New Dawn Liberia) U.S., Cuba To Hold 2nd Round Of Talks In Washington Today. (USA Today) Missouri GOP Gubernatorial Candidate May Have Taken His Life. (St. Louis Post-Dispatch) U.S. Atheist Blogger, Avijit Roy, Hacked To Death In India. (Time) Walker Says He Can Face ISIS Because He's Faced Labor Protesters. (Wisconsin State Journal) No Charges Yet Filed Against Driver In Calif. Truck-Train Crash. (OC Register) Tuskegee Airman, Col. Paul Green, Dies At 91. (AP) China Imposes 1 Year Ban Of African Ivory Imports. (UPI) Earl Lloyd, 1st Black NBA Player, Dies. (ESPN)


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Question: Rumsfeld Admits Underestimating Iraq Violence

Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld acknowledges he underestimated the level of continued violence in Iraq, as well as its toll on American troops. Nearly 90 U.S. soldiers and Marines have died in April combat. To help contain the violence, the Pentagon has extended the tours of duty for some 20,000 soldiers who've been in Iraq for one year -- breaking a promise to limit tours to 12 months. Hear NPR's Bob Edwards and NPR's Eric Westervelt.

Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: The News Roundup — Domestic

As the Delta variant continues its rapid spread in the U.S., the CDC released updated guidelines recommending that vaccinated citizens wear masks indoors in areas where Covid-19 transmission is high. Currently, about two-thirds of all U.S. counties qualify. President Joe Biden gave a speech Thursday addressing vaccination rules for the federal workforce. The White House is also backing a push by 57 medical organizations to urge mandatory vaccinations for U.S. health care workers. The House committee on the Jan. 6 insurrection met for the first time this week. It heard testimony from four Capitol police officers present the day of the attack. Committee members have signaled they are ready to begin issuing subpoenas for further witnesses and may meet again in August. In the Olympics, both China and Japan are leading the United States in the gold medal count– but after the withdrawal of her teammate, Simone Biles, U.S. gymnast Sunisa Lee went on to take the gold in the women’s gymnastic all-around competition. We cover the most important stories from across the nation on the domestic edition of the News Roundup.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: Greensky Bluegrass Mix The Energy Of Stadium Rock With The Spirit Of Jam Bands

The first thing people usually say about Greensky Bluegrass is that the band's live shows are just wild. The members mix the energy of stadium rock with the spirit of jam bands, and they play bluegrass instruments, like banjo, mandolin and dobro through a surprisingly psychedelic set of effects pedals.  The band recently dropped by to bring the feel of a midsummer music festival to World Cafe, performing songs from its latest album, All for Money. Hear it all in the player, starting off with a live version of the song "Do It Alone."

Stories: 1) New Albums By Booker T. And Allen Toussaint 2) Booker T. Jones: Onions, Potatoes, Other Essentials 3) Passionate About The Passive Voice


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Question: The Politics Of Passing 1964's Civil Rights Act

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This interview was originally broadcast on Jan. 20, 2014. Martin Luther King may not have had a vote in Congress, but he and the movement he helped lead were integral to getting the civil rights bill introduced. This year marks the 50th anniversary of the passage of that bill, now known as the Civil Rights Act. Among other things, the act outlawed discrimination in public accommodations — including restaurants, hotels and motels — ending the era of legal segregation in those places. Todd Purdum is the author of the book An Idea Whose Time Has Come: Two Presidents, Two Parties and the Battle for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Purdum is a contributing editor at Vanity Fair and a senior writer at Politico. He joins Fresh Air's Terry Gross to talk about the legislative and political battle to get the civil rights bill passed. Click the audio link above (available after 5 p.m. EST) to listen to the interview.

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Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: WSU Finds New President In Missouri

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Washington State University has signed a high profile recruit... but not the sports kind. The school has hired away the president of the University of Missouri to take the same job in Pullman. Tom Banse reports.

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Stories: 1) Reporter Explores America's Unique Take on Justice 2) Growing Up In a Surfer Family, Wipeouts and All


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Question: #NPRreads: 3 Stories That Go Behind The Headlines

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#NPRreads is a weekly feature on Twitter and on The Two-Way. The premise is simple: Correspondents, editors and producers from our newsroom share the pieces that have kept them reading, using the #NPRreads hashtag. Each weekend, we highlight some of the best stories. From Digital Editor Joe Ruiz: I remember watching Paula Broadwell during her January 2012 appearance on "The Daily Show" to promote her biography of Gen. David Petraeus. I enjoyed the interview and made a note to read the book. I never did. The next time I thought about it was when news broke of the relationship she had with the general and the inevitable fallout. But this story isn't about the incident, but more the aftermath and its ingrained unfair treatment of Broadwell, and of women in similar situations. It also speaks to her efforts to fight unfair portrayals of women in the media. And so the public inquisition into the "mistress" began, with everything from her fitness acumen ... to her body fat (13 percent) to her "usually tight shirts and pants" scrutinized. She was called, by a senior military source, "a shameless self-promoting prom queen" who "got her claws" into him. She was "curvaceous," with "expressive green eyes."   ...  Mr. Petraeus, meanwhile, was described by former aides as "the consummate gentleman and family man." ... When he resigned, the president offered his prayers for the general and his wife; the Petraeus family, friends lamented in the news media, would get through this. From News Desk Editor Barbara Campbell: Zoos have tried to set up their facilities in a way that heads off the heartbreaking choice the Cincinnati Zoo made last weekend – shooting to death a healthy young gorilla to save a small child who fell into the enclosure. The Philadelphia Inquirer reports about "landing zones" for humans who fall in, emergency teams on call, and indoor vantage points where glass protects the animals from their fans and vice versa. The Associated Press also has a good look at the emergency response experts. From Two-Way Writer Bill Chappell: Journalism's perennially imminent demise often generates two things: buzzwords (as in: "Let's reimagine our play in the content delivery space") and stories that examine how traditional media (including NPR) might survive the era of digital disruption. Many essays on news companies' strategies rely on anonymous sources. It's rare to get an inside look at the thinking of a place like Tribune Publishing, the Chicago media company that announced ambitious changes this week — along with an odd new name: "tronc." The change prompted both head-scratching and snarky bemusement, particularly on Twitter, where you could say that when life handed them tronc, tweeters attempted to make the best troncade they could. Along with giving some of the business background to the decision, Washington Post media critic Erik Wemple writes that the tronc release brings us "perhaps the most concentrated mess of buzzwords that digital publishing has ever seen, and that's some feat."

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Stories: 1) How 'Italian Food' Became A Global Sensation 2) Cyro Baptista: Sounds From Everywhere, Evoking Home 3) How Western Diets Are Making The World Sick 4) 'We're Broke': Empty Bank Accounts, Empty Meaning?


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Question: Environment Report Story of the Week 04/30/2007

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Story of the Week from The Environment Report.  Hosted by Mark Brush.

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Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Question: The U.S. Border Immigration Problem

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NPR's Lulu Garcia-Navarro talks with Doris Meissner of the Migration Policy Institute on the challenges the U.S. has implementing a border policy that is humane, but discourages illegal immigration.

Stories: 1) Suzanne Mintz, Making Family Caregiving Easier 2) After the Cold War, Russian Espionage in the U.S.


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Question: Everyone Goes To The Store To Get Milk. So Why's It Way In The Back?

It's one of the most popular items, but often it seems to be as far as humanly possible from the entrance. The Planet Money team looks at two very different theories about why that is.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


Question: Who's Moving In Together, And Why

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With guest host Tom Gjelten.  Cohabitation nation. More unwed Americans are living together than ever before. We’ll ask who and why. We used to call it shacking up. But a couple living together before they marry is the new normal. Two out of three couples who’ve married since 2000 started out by living together. For some, it was a good first step. For many, it was just a matter of economic necessity. This hour On Point: Cohabitation Nation. How the living-together trend is remaking relationships and highlighting gender and class divisions. Guests Sharon Sassler, co-author of, “Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships.” Professor of policy analysis and management at Cornell University. Amanda Jayne Miller, co-author of, “Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships.” Professor of sociology at the University of Indianapolis. From The Reading List Slate: More Unmarried Americans Than Ever Are Cohabiting — “Though more Americans than ever are living in sin, the rise in cohabitation seems more a function of dropping marriage rates than rising rates of early-relationship U-Hauling. About half of cohabiting U.S. adults are under 35; in previous decades, a greater proportion of those couples would already be married. Nowadays, more young people are opting for the pleasure of listening to their significant others’ sleep and bathroom noises each and every glorious day without the burden of tax benefits or a party where people buy you new sheets.” Pew Research Center: Number of U.S. adults cohabiting with a partner continues to rise, especially among those 50 and older — “Roughly half of cohabiters – those living with an unmarried partner – are younger than 35. But an increasing number of Americans ages 50 and older are in cohabiting relationships, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of the Current Population Survey. In fact, cohabiters ages 50 and older represented about a quarter (23%) of all cohabiting adults in 2016.” The Atlantic: The Science of Cohabitation: A Step Toward Marriage, Not a Rebellion — “Moving in together without a diamond ring involved didn’t, on its own, lead to divorce. Instead, she found that the longer couples waited to make that first serious commitment, the better their chances for marital success. So how old should couples be when they commit? The research shows that at 23—the age when many people graduate from college, settle into adult life and begin becoming financially independent—the correlation with divorce dramatically drops off.” Read An Excerpt From “Cohabitation Nation”

May the Task Force Be With You; Mask Marketing; What's the Buzz?


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Question: In Nashville, Spelling Frederick Douglass' Name Correctly Ends An 80-Year Mystery

Historians in Nashville have been on the hunt for a prominent man named Fred Douglas. But they are happy to report that no one by the name has been found. Because they had a pretty good hunch that a park bought in the 1930s was named after the famed abolitionist and statesman Frederick Douglass. The name just wasn't spelled correctly. How the name ended up in an abbreviated style has been a mystery that lingered for decades and has only now been corrected after citizens forced the issue. While the clarification has not been controversial, there was a time that the mere idea of the park ruffled feathers. It was just the city's second "Negro park," and the first was named for a white family. The white neighbors of what would become Douglas Park were so angry the city put the plans on ice for a few years, then quietly opened the park with no fanfare or explanation for the name. Some historians believe the name could have been left vague as a form of plausible deniability. For more than 80 years, there's been confusion about whether the city meant to honor Frederick Douglass.

Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball


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Question: Here and Now for Wednesday, July 11, 2007

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US officials are voicing concerns about the increased risk of a terrorist strike inside the United States this summer.  Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff says he has a gut feeling about a possible attack, and ABC News reports that a small Al Qaida cell is either on its way to the US or already here.

A conversation with first-time Saudi novelist Rajaa Alsaneh, whose "Girls of Riyadh" has shocked the Arab world because of its matter-of-fact treatment of the love lives of four young upper class Saudi women.

Some bookstore owners are looking forward to next week when the final book of the Harry Potter series is released.  But what happens post-Potter?  Will these young readers continue to read?  We speak to David Mehegan of the Boston Globe and Paula Brehm-Heeger, president elect of the Young Adult Library Service Association, and manager of the teen department at the Cincinnati and Hamility County Public Library in Ohio.

Here and Now's Kevin Donovan reports that easter

A discussion with Bloomington, Indiana Mayor Mark Kruzan. Originally aired 19 December 2007.


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Question: A Move To Create More Mentors Among Female Veterans

Dozens of women who work in special operations recently met in Southern California to find ways to encourage female troops to stay in the military or help them transition to rewarding civilian jobs.

Good morning - here are some stories we're following today: Luxury Cars Do Poorly In New Type Of Crash Test. Unsealed Documents 'Hint At The Evidence' In Colorado Shootings. N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, Fla. Senator Marco Rubio To Give Key Speeches At Republican National Convention. (National Journal) Western Wildfires Destroy Homes, Leave One Firefighter Dead. (AP) Defected Syrian Prime Minister Claims Assad Regime Is Collapsing. (BBC) In A Change, Iran Now Welcomes Aid For Earthquake Victims. (VOA) French Youths Clash With Police For Second Night. (Reuters) Violence Turns Deadly Between Two Unions At South African Platinum Mine. (AllAfrica.com) Educational Accrediting Agency Issues Warning To Penn State. (USA Today) Conn. Woman Wrongly Billed For 25 Years For Streetlights, Gets Refund. (Hartford Courant)


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Question: Torpedoing the Debt: Perils of Going Live

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Congressional leaders had reached an agreement with President Obama and it seemed this morning like we were finally nearing the end of the contentious debt battle. Steve Inskeep, co-host of Morning Edition, and all the NPR staff had been doing an admirable job in recent weeks of fairly presenting the tricky ideological and political divisions. Then came Inskeep's interview and last question — live — to Republican Rep. David Dreier of California, chairman of the House Rules Committee: "Given that your speaker, in his words, said months ago that it would be a serious problem not to raise the debt ceiling, why did House Republicans spend this summer threatening to torpedo the economy by defaulting?" Read More It was a leading question, a virtual sucker punch.  Some House Republicans have said they were willing for the nation to go into default, but none that I know of said that were actually willing to "torpedo the economy." Rightly or wrongly — and few economists of any stripe supported them — the hardest core Republicans on the debt have maintained that default would not be the doomsday many had predicted and that its impact would be preferable to that of the current debt. More than 20 listeners wrote to complain. Most of them, like Shelly Rogers of Ta Vergne, TN, called the interview "hostile." Some, like Fielding Freed of Charleston, SC, called it, "rude." For many, it was proof of a "liberal bias." Inskeep now wishes he could rephrase the question.  In the live interview at hand, it's totally fair to say that I should have been more nuanced in the final question. House Republicans have expressed many views. For example, some House Republicans have expressed doubt that a failure to raise the debt ceiling would be that bad, such as Allen West on NPR a few weeks ago; some have acknowledged that the ceiling must be raised but that Republicans could only do this if they were granted concessions on spending, as Dave Camp said on NPR; Jason Chaffetz said on NPR that the debt simply needed to be tackled, even though he agreed that August 2 was a 'very real date;' Michelle Bachman declared the debt ceiling should not be raised at all, unless there were big spending cuts and a repeal of Obamacare... The quote I cited from Speaker Boehner was accurate; he said it would cause problems not to raise the ceiling. Still the negotiations have come very close to the deadline, and my question was how that happened. In the live interview, Congressman Dreier took issue with the question, and argued that the House leaders never wanted to default but needed to work with new people who have "changed the Congress."  I think that was a fair answer.  Inskeep is a consummate professional, which is one reason why so many listeners in the morning trust him. The slip-up is an example of what can happen in a live interview when a host, for the benefit of listeners, tries to pin down political leaders, many of them consummate professionals like Dreier.  They are adept at using the interview to spin and frame to their advantage. Some listeners didn't like it that Inskeep twice sought to cut off Dreier. In a live interview, cutting off a speaker is normal, often necessary because time is running out, and almost always is hard to do. The first time Inskeep failed, and while his treatment was less-than-his-normal elegant the second time, it wasn't hostile. What happened was that Dreier had diverted from the interview to respond to a charge that Democratic Sen. Claire McCaskill of Missouri had made to co-host Renee Montagne in the interview that aired just before Dreier. "So it's not perfect, but we have avoided the massive dismantling of Medicare that the House Republicans wanted," McCaskill said, a charge that Montagne let go unchallenged. "I don't know of a single Republican who wants to eliminate Medicare," Dreier said, in an extended response to what McCaskill had said. "Well, let's, let's grant that changes to Medicare are on the table...we can argue over how to describe them, that's fair to say," said Inskeep as he sought hurriedly to get back to his own interview. Inskeep rightly noted to me that he has been at least as tough in questioning Democrats in recent days on the debt debate.  "I did ask a hard question of Congressman Dreier. In the past few days I have also asked Bill Daley why the President was supporting a bill that didn't exist; and asked David Plouffe if the deal was a surrender, to give other examples. Hard questions for everybody. My job is to ask and to listen to the answers, often live."  Dreier, meanwhile, was allowed to fully make his points, which was most important. Read Steve Inskeep's full response below:


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Question: Top Stories: Physics Nobel; Sandusky To Be Sentenced

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- French And American Scientists Share Physics Nobel. -- Seemingly Unrepentant Sandusky 'Is Going To Die In Prison'. -- In Mexico: Cartel Leader May Be Dead, Key Lieutenant Captured. Other stories in the news: -- "IMF Says Global Recession Risk Grows." (The Wall Street Journal) -- "Romney's Debate Performance Swings Polls In His Favor." (It's All Politics) -- Greece Raises Security For German Chancellor's Visit. (BBC News) -- North Korea Claims It Has Missiles That Can Reach U.S. (CNN) -- Skydiver Felix Baumgartner's Attempt To Jump From 23 Miles On Standby Due To Weather. (Red Bull Stratos)

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News Headlines: Sept. 26, 2007 AP: Lawmakers Seek Jena 6 Teen's Release -- "'Our first responsibility is to get young Mychal Bell out of prison,' said Rep. John Conyers, the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who said he will pressure the Justice Department to take a hard look at 'the miscarriages of justice that have occurred in Jena, Louisiana.'" Jesse Jackson says Pres. Bush should intervene in this case. Should he? More Headlines:The AJC: Cosby, Morehouse Chief: Parenting Is the Answer Chicago Tribune: Family Steps Up Search for Missing Chicago Woman The AJC: Tyler Perry Property Dispute Creates Drama Radio Free Europe: At UN, Bush And Ahmadinejad Talk Poverty, Tyranny | Bush's UN Speech Full of Phonetic Pronunciations AP: Giuliani $9.11 Party Draws Criticism From Dodd CBS News: Subtle Racism Might Make Your Brain Hurt AP: Group Points Out O'Reilly Race Comments Reuters: Smithsonian Opens Virtual African American Museum The New York Times (Editorial): Detroit at the Brink NBC News: Verdict In: Bonds Ball Headed for Cooperstown [An update to our interview with Marc Ecko.]


Question:
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Alice's Chocolate Sauce

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Ingredients 10 ounces bittersweet or semisweet chocolate, chopped finely 1/2 to 1 cup milk, half and half or heavy cream, or any combination 2 tablespoons butter if using milk instead of cream, but optional 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract, optional pinch of salt Put the chocolate and 1/2 cup of the milk or cream in a medium heatproof bowl set in a pan of not quite simmering water.  Stir frequently until the chocolate is melted and smooth. Add more milk or cream if the sauce is too thick or looks curdled, or if it hardens too much when you spoon a little  "test" over ice cream: the higher the cacao percentage of the chocolate, the more milk or cream you will need to make the sauce smooth and fluid.  If you are using milk, taste the sauce and add some or all of the butter, if you want to tone down the flavor intensity.  Remove the sauce from the heat and stir in the vanilla and salt.  Use the warm sauce immediately, or set it aside and rewarm it briefly in a pan of hot water when needed. Sauce keeps for several days in the refrigerator or may be frozen. Makes 1 3/4 cups.  Note: This versatile recipe can be tailored to your taste and the type of chocolate you are using.  For the most intense sauce, use milk (with or without the addition of butter) rather than half and half or cream, and/or choose chocolate with a high percentage of cacao (66 percent to 70 percent or more).  For mellower sauce, dial down the cacao percentage, and/or use half and half or heavy cream instead of milk. From Bittersweet: Recipes and Tales from A Life in Chocolate (Artisan)

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Question: Sen. Gregg Withdraws Commerce Nomination

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President Barack Obama hit the road again Thursday, hoping to cement the deal for his stimulus bill. But while he was in Illinois, his nominee for Commerce secretary, Judd Gregg, withdrew his nomination over "irresolvable conflicts." The GOP senator from New Hampshire cited differences over the stimulus plan.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: In A 'Depressing' Year For Films, Edelstein Finds Some Greats

"This is a very, very depressing year for film," critic David Edelstein tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross, "because none of the great material came from Hollywood studios." Studios, he says, direct their financial resources into sequels and comic-book movies, which leaves little room for "creative expression, and for doing something weird and potentially boundary-moving." However, Edelstein says, in an era in which some 1,000 films may be released in the U.S. each year, the law of averages dictates that there will be some great movies. Edelstein says it was a wonderful year for indie films. Here are his favorite movies this year: Boyhood: Richard Linklater's film is about a boy in Texas whose parents have separated. Filmed over 12 years, audiences watch him grow up — and his worldview evolve. The movie catches the passing of time like no other movie, because it's literal. Selma: Ava DuVernay's epic is about Martin Luther King Jr., played by the great David Oyelowo. It takes a deep look at the civil rights movement, from King's relationship with President Lyndon Johnson to the battle for voting rights for black Americans — and the incident on March 7, 1965, when state police beat peaceful protesters trying to march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Ala. The Babadook: In this Australian chiller by Jennifer Kent, a bogeyman announces himself in a rhyming, pop-up book on a 7-year-old's shelf. But the real horror is that the boy's mom, a grieving widow, is battling psychic demons. It's a phenomenally scary pop-out storybook of a movie. Whiplash: Director Damien Chazelle's film centers on the agony of a drummer in a high-powered music school. The movie ties you into knots: The fear of failure is omnipresent. So is the jazz vibe. Only Lovers Left Alive: Jim Jarmusch's film is about vampires Tilda Swinton and Tom Hiddleston, who are deadpan, undead hipsters in a dying world. Mr. Turner: Mike Leigh's marvelous J.M.W. Turner biopic stars that great grunter Timothy Spall, who adds a dollop of the grotesque. Spall depicts a man whose mind is barely engaged by anything other than his work. He's a mystery, and his art is magically indefinite — just like the movie. Two Days, One Night: The Belgian Dardenne brothers' latest triumph stars Marion Cotillard as a desperate woman begging co-workers to forgo a big bonus so she can keep her job. The Immigrant: Marion Cotillard plays a Polish woman trying to free her sister from the island's infirmary in this moody period drama. Joaquin Phoenix co-stars as a shady businessman. Documentaries:  Tales of the Grim Sleeper: Nick Broomfield's documentary will come to HBO in 2015. It's an incendiary look at a South Central Los Angeles serial killer who murdered as many as 100 women, and Broomfield finds out more about the case in a few weeks than the Los Angeles Police Department did in 25 years. Citizenfour: Laura Poitras' avant garde paranoid conspiracy thriller is the real story of Edward Snowden and the technological infrastructure that can monitor everyone in the world. It will make you look both ways when you're on the street. The Overnighters: Director Jesse Moss tells the story of a North Dakota pastor who provides shelter for economically desperate temporary workers — and discovers that no good deed goes unpunished.  Interview Highlights  On why Boyhood was his favorite of the year There are all sorts of ways on film to denote the passing of time, and Richard Linklater has done that by setting a lot of films in real time and using time as a kind of marker, [like in] Before Midnight. ... But, you know, time is really important to him, and here, when he follows over 12 years this one boy aging, we get to see the changes on a kind of molecular level. ... Since the movie is about things that are lost that can't be recovered, you can't go back in time. Once you see him age, you can't bring the little boy back. ... That, to me, makes the movie so poignant and so profound. It gives a kind of documentary element, but it kind of transcends documentary. On the best performances of the year Julianne Moore gives a performance in a film called Still Alice: She plays the victim of early onset Alzheimer's disease; she's 50 when the diagnosis comes in. ... Moore gives an extraordinary performance. She plays a character who has always defined herself by her intellect, and so for most, if not all of the movie, you're just riveted on her face. You're just watching her think. There's more and more distance between her thinking the thought and being able to articulate it, being able to chase it down — it becomes heartbreaking in a kind of visceral way that I've really never seen. The other major performance of the year is by David Oyelowo as Martin Luther King [in Selma]. How do you play Martin Luther King convincingly? Well, for one thing, he's a British-trained actor, he's got this marvelous voice, and when you can take Martin Luther King's words, many of which we know already, and you can mak

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Question: Judge To Decide Fate Of Civil Lawsuit Alleging Trump Campaign Colluded With Russia

A federal judge is deciding whether to permit a lawsuit to go forward in which Democrats allege that Donald Trump's campaign colluded with Russian government's cyberattacks on the 2016 presidential election. The parties appeared in federal court in Washington, D.C., on Thursday. The three plaintiffs are represented by Protect Democracy, a watchdog group made up primarily of former Obama administration lawyers. Two of the plaintiffs, Eric Schoenberg and Roy Cockrum, had their Social Security numbers dumped online by WikiLeaks; a third plaintiff, former Democratic National Committee staffer Scott Comer, said that his sexual orientation and personal medical details were publicized due to the leak of private emails. The defendants are the Trump campaign generally and one ally specifically: Trump confidant Roger Stone. Their attorneys denied they were involved with any conspiracy tied to the Russian attack on the 2016 election. If Judge Ellen Segal Huvelle lets the lawsuit proceed, it would move into the discovery phase — setting up an avenue that could compel the Trump campaign and Stone to provide information separate from the investigations into Russian election interference being conducted by the Justice Department and Congress. Fourteen former national security officials have submitted a brief as part of the lawsuit, a highly unusual development that occurred prior to the hearing on Thursday. The amicus brief — which was filed by officials including former CIA Director John Brennan, former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper and former National Security Agency Director Michael Hayden — did not endorse the arguments of the plaintiffs nor the defendants, but sought to establish that the Russian government generally seeks to use local actors to amplify its influence operations, including its interference in the 2016 election. The hearing on Thursday afternoon was largely procedural. The judge considered whether or not to dismiss the case entirely. Huvelle largely focused on dense legal questions about the proper court to hear the lawsuit and the contours of the alleged conspiracy. Huvelle expressed skepticism about whether the lawsuit shouldn't have been filed in New York, where the Trump campaign had been headquartered, and also raised questions about the scope of the alleged conspiracy, including when it supposedly concluded. Attorneys for the Trump campaign argued that it never hacked, possessed or disseminated the DNC emails, while Stone's lawyer Robert Buschel said that to be part of the alleged conspiracy Stone needed to know about the hacking and dissemination — which Stone denied. Although Stone did suggest on Twitter in 2016 before the fact that he was aware of planned releases by WikiLeaks, which allegedly fenced emails stolen by Russian intelligence operatives and released them into the public domain, Stone denies he had any detailed awareness or involvement. The degree to which people in the Trump world were aware or involved came up at least once in court: Trump campaign lawyer Michael Carvin at one point argued that if the campaign truly wanted to intimidate Democratic donors by leaking Social Security numbers, they would have done it in a different way. The campaign wasn't going to get very far with that logic, Huvelle said, as she characterized Carvin's argument as: "If we were going to do this crime, we would have done it better." At another point, the judge demanded emails that showed the harm the former DNC staffer allegedly suffered. "Gotta see the emails," she said, before adding, "Don't want them all dumped on me either. I'm not WikiLeaks."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No End In Sight As Government Shutdown Begins. -- Obama: 'Perpetual Cycle Of Brinksmanship ... Has To End.' -- In Talk Of Shutdown, A Familiar Feeling At The White House. And here are more early headlines: Despite Government Shutdown, Obamacare Opens Enrollment Today. (Reuters) Israeli Prime Minister Visits U.N. Today, Warning Against Iran. (CBS) U.S. Diplomats Expelled From Venezuela For 'Sabotage'. (CNN) Bangladesh Sentences Opposition Leader To Death For War Crimes. (BBC) Greece Cracks Down On Far Right Party Accused Of Murder, Corruption. (Guardian) Jury Seated In Insider Trading Trial Of Dallas Mavericks Owner. (New York Times) UC Berkeley Blast May Be Linked To Underground Copper Theft. (San Jose Mercury News) Police Catch Thief Sprayed With Liquid That Glows In Ultraviolet Light. (Reuters)


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Question: NPR Bestsellers: Hardcover Nonfiction, Week Of November 20, 2014

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George W. Bush details the life of his father, George H.W. Bush, in <em>41. </em>It debuts at No. 2.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Fed Watchers Expect Short-Term Interest Rates To Rise Soon. -- An Obama-Backed Change At Voice Of America Has Trump Critics Worried. -- A Year Later, Unfiltered Flint Tap Water Is Still Unsafe To Drink. And here are more early headlines: Evacuation Of Civilians Delayed In Aleppo; Fighting Resumes. (Telegraph) Trump To Meet With Tech Industry Leaders Today. (Recode) Dangerous Wind Chills Persist In Upper Plains. (Weather.gov) Philippines President Says He Killed Suspects To Show Police. (Guardian) Actor Alan Thicke Dies; Starred On "Growing Pains". (Los Angeles Times) National Film Registry Adds "Thelma And Louise", "Lion King", Others. (Variety) On 4th Anniversary Of Sandy Hook Shootings, 15 Minutes Of Silence. (AP)


Question:
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E.g.
"['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "Meet The 'Capital Dames,' Civil War Washington's Secret Power Brokers"]" == "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'It\'s an overcast morning outside President Lincoln\'s Cottage, a national historic site in Washington, D.C., and Erin Carlson Mast is struggling to open a pair of huge, historic wooden pocket doors. "When we began the restoration these had been closed for over 100 years," Carlson Mast, the site\'s executive director, tells NPR\'s Steve Inskeep. Abraham Lincoln and his family spent summers at this cottage in the 1860s, making use of a retirement complex called the Old Soldiers\' Home. It\'s uphill from the White House and thus much cooler in the summer — in fact, too cold for some. "The one letter we know he wrote definitively from here, he\'s writing to his wife, Mary, and says that the housekeeper and the cook have grown so cold at Soldiers\' Home and want to move back to the White House," Carlson Mast says. "And he just ends with the simple question, \'Shall they?\' So he\'s in no hurry to leave." The recipient of that letter, Mary Todd Lincoln, is one of several Civil War-era women at the center of Capital Dames: The Civil War and the Women of Washington, 1848-1868, a new book by Morning Edition contributor Cokie Roberts. Sitting in the cottage at a marble-topped table, Roberts explains how these women — who couldn\'t vote and were considered to be their husbands\' property — exercised power in Washington. "Their influence was indirect not just with their own husbands, but with other men in power," she tells Inskeep. "So they would go to the secretary of the Navy and say, \'Oh, it\'s just terrible so-and-so is being deployed to Italy and his wife is pregnant. You can\'t do that!\' And the secretary of the Navy would say, \'Yes, ma\'am, I can\'t do that. You\'re right.\' And that happened all the time. These women were lobbied by favor-seekers or bill-passer-seekers or just individuals. ... They would be the person who had the ear of the powerful man more than anyone else." The women maneuvering for power included Jessie Benton Fremont, the daughter of a senator and the wife of 1856 presidential candidate John Charles Fremont. In her book, Roberts quotes from a letter in which Jessie notes her neighbors\' excitement that they may be living near the future "presidentess." "She was going to elect him president and she would be the \'presidentess\' and everyone saw her as an incredible power," Roberts says. "We\'re talking 1856: John Fremont is the first [ever] Republican [Party] nominee. And Jessie Fremont was out there throughout that campaign — in fact, so much so that the Democrats, Fremont\'s opponents, said sarcastically: Why not just have a campaign banner that has little tiny letters that say, \'John C. Fremont, husband of Jessie Benton,\' in great huge letters, \'for president.\' " In the end, the Fremonts lost and, four years later the Lincolns won, which is how they came to spend their summers in what later became known as the Lincoln Cottage. Site director Erin Carlson Mast says the pain of Mary Todd Lincoln\'s life spread through these spacious rooms. "By the time she\'s in this house, two of her children have already died and half of her family is fighting with the Confederacy against the government that she and her husband now represent," she says. Roberts\' book includes a scene in which Mary reports that her dead son came to visit her in her bedroom. "Mary Lincoln held at least one séance out here," Carlson Mast says. "We know that the séance ... was in part to connect with [their sons] Willie and Eddie." Roberts writes of a first lady who was largely rejected by Washington society, and who tested the patience of her husband. She calls the couple\'s relationship tortured but loving. "Abraham Lincoln clearly loved Mary Lincoln and vice versa," Roberts says. "But she was one of the most difficult human beings. ... She did have big losses, but everybody had big losses — more than 600,000 Americans lost their lives in the Civil War. And she could have tremendous flare-ups of temper. But she was also very smart and she was politically very savvy." Mary was even accused of leaking news items to reporters in order to keep their papers on her side. Rejected by Washington society, the first lady came to confide in her servants, including a dressmaker and former slave who later wrote a tell-all memoir. More than 150 years later, Roberts says there\'s a lot she recognizes in these Civil War-era women. "It\'s really remarkable how much we do the same things century in, century out," she says. "You recognize their concern about their children; you recognize their interest in fashion; you recognize the jewelry that they\'re wearing. Mary Lincoln\'s pearls were on display at the Library of Congress the other night; I would have loved to take them out of the case and put them on. But you also recognize their intelligence and their political sensibility." It was a time when women had to be covertly ambitious. Today, Roberts says, "They can be overtly ambitious, carefully. ... It\'s still very difficult for a woman to have the word \'ambitious\' att']" != "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', "Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball"]"

Question: Michael Oren - Power, Faith and Fantasy: History of the US in the Middle East

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Michael Oren's Power, Faith, and Fantasy explores the history of America's political, military, and intellectual involvement in the Middle East from George Washington to George W. Bush.

For well over two centuries, American statesmen, merchants, and missionaries, both men and women, have had a profound impact on the shaping of this crucial region. Drawing on government documents and personal letters, featuring original maps and over 60 photographs, this book reconstructs the diverse and remarkable ways in which Americans have interacted with this alluring yet often hostile land stretching from Morocco to Iran, from the Persian Gulf to the Bosporus. Covering over 230 years of history, Oren's latest is an indispensable work for anyone interested in understanding the roots of America's Middle East involvement today.

Oren is a Senior Fellow at the Shalem Center; a visiting professor at Harvard and Yale Universities; and the author of the best-selling Six Days of War. Oren lives in Jerusalem.

Visit us at www.wgbh.org/forum to explore our entire collection of lectures.

On today's show we look into the Christian Zionist movement, made up of evangelical Christians who see the rebirth of Israel as a prelude to the second coming of Christ. Journalist Gershom Gorenberg is former associate editor and columnist for The Jerusalem Report.  He is the author of the book, The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount.  His new book is The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977


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Question: Drummer ARTHUR TAYLOR

2: Drummer ARTHUR TAYLOR. He's played with Sonny Rollins, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, John Coltrane and Thelonious Monk and he's put together a new expanded collection of interviews he's done with fellow musicians: "Notes and Tones: Musician-to-Musician Interviews," (Da Capo Press). It's one of the few books about black jazz musicians by a black man, and because of that TAYLOR's subjects were able to talk freely about the role of black artists in white society. It includes interviews with Dexter Gordon, Miles Davis, Max Roach, Betty Carter, Thelonious Monk and others.

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ELVIS MITCHELL REVIEWS REVIEWS THE FILM "GET SHORTY" STARRING JOHN TRAVOLTA AND DANNY DEVITO.


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Question: The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra

The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and music director Yoel Levi (YOH-ehl LEH-vee) perform the Overture "Le Corsaire" (leh cor-SAIR) by Hector Berlioz (EHK-torBEHR-lee-ohz). From a performance in May at Symphony Hall in Atlanta. (ACA Digital Recordings and Horton Systems Company)

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Bob Engelhart and Dave Granlund say Flake Off! to winter storms.


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Question: Women Having It All: A Feminist Fantasy?

The Beauty Shop ladies weigh in on a new article that's reignited the debate about whether women can have it all — and what that even means for different women. Guest host Viviana Hurtado checks in with PJ Media editor Bridget Johnson, blogger Danielle Belton, and Deepa Iyer of South Asian Americans Leading Together.

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Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Remodeling The House; A Story That Fell From The Sky; and A Pint-Sized Literary Giant Emerges.


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Question: In India, The Pressure Cooker Of College Admissions

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This can be a harrowing time for high school seniors and their parents in the U.S. as they wait to hear from college admissions offices. But the pressure can be equally intense, if not more so in India, where the massive number of applicants and one make-or-break exam keeps students on edge. Admission to Delhi University, one of India's most prestigious schools, is considered as tough, if not tougher than the process at many leading schools in the U.S. "It's a very difficult game, given the numbers," says Dinesh Singh, the vice chancellor of Delhi University. India has 1.2 billion people, he notes, and like most things in Indian life, getting one of the limited places at the best colleges is incredibly competitive. Delhi University is an amalgam of 80 different colleges in the Indian capital, India's equivalent to Oxford and Cambridge in Britain or the Ivy League schools in the U.S. All told, Singh has about 50,000 slots to fill with incoming students each year. It may sound like a lot, but it's just a small fraction of those applying. For example, Delhi University's Shri Ram College of Commerce has just 400 slots and gets some 28,000 applicants each year. That means less than 2 percent of the applicants get in, an acceptance rate far lower than Harvard's. The numbers are so large that most college admissions are based on a student's performance on a single set of exams. "There's no way you could interview all of them," Singh says. "It's very difficult to give weight to other aspects of a student's career, and so you largely rely on the test scores." Students complain that making college admissions dependent on a single set of test results is like gambling your career on a single throw of the dice. Some Opt To Look Abroad Saumya Swaroop is one of a growing number of students who are side-stepping the Indian system. "It's because the system never made any sense to me, to be frank," she says, "because how can they actually judge the merit of a student on the basis of what happens in a six-hour-long exam? Swaroop didn't even apply to India's top universities, aiming instead for American schools. She wound up winning a scholarship at Princeton. Swaroop says India's top schools may be missing talented students who have a lot to offer but simply can't make the cut. Many of the candidates for India's top colleges come from exclusive private high schools such the Delhi Public School. Principal  D.R. Saini graduated about 1,000 seniors last year, and he says more than 400 qualified for top foreign universities, including prestigious colleges in the United States. Saini says that group included students who couldn't get into Delhi University. "At the local level, our students have not been recognized and honored, and they have not been allowed to get admission," he says, "but at the global level, in the very best universities of the world, our students are competing and getting very desirable results." The Numbers Keep Growing The problem is not going to get any easier. More than 120 million Indians will reach college age in the next few years. Saini says he supports efforts by India's education ministry to come up with more holistic ways to judge a student's performance. Most colleges are already trying to get away from the exam-only system by offering places to students who come from underprivileged groups. They also relax the rules for talented athletes and students in the arts. Delhi University's Dinesh Singh says there are far more opportunities open at lesser-known but equally worthy colleges that are part of his own institution. The problem, he says, is that Indian parents, like many in the United States, are obsessed with the most prestigious university brands. "Parents insist and force their children to only try for those places," he says. One way to ease the demand for top-flight education might be to allow foreign universities to establish branches in India. India's Cabinet is considering legislation that could make that possible. MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:  This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:  And I'm Audie Cornish. This can be a harrowing time for high school seniors and their parents waiting for responses to college applications, but it hardly compares to what high school students in India go through. NPR's Corey Flintoff reports that admission to India's top colleges is much tougher than it is even for Ivy League schools here. COREY FLINTOFF, BYLINE: Many of the candidates for India's top colleges come from exclusive private high schools like this one, the Delhi Public School. On the playing fields, girls and boys in white shirts and neckties play fierce games of cricket and badminton. It's a sort of warm-up for the intensity they'll have to put in to applying for universities. The school graduated about 1,000 seniors last year, virtually all of whom went on to college. Mamta Sharma, the director of international admissions at the school, says that more than 4

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Question: News Brief: Government Shutdown, U.S.' ISIS Fight, Saudi Teenager

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The closure is in its 17th day. National Security Adviser John Bolton says U.S. withdrawal from Syria is conditional on the defeat of ISIS. And, a Saudi teenager's Twitter account captures attention.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Strong Quake Hits Near Iran-Iraq Border, Killing More Than 200.  -- Human Rights Barely Registers In Meeting Between Trump, Philippines' Duterte. -- Is A Corporate Tax Cut What The Economy Really Needs Right Now? --  Mueller Russia Probe Moves Into The White House And GOP's Math Problem On Taxes. And here are more early headlines: Democrats Draw Attention At U.N. Climate Conference. (Politico) Report: Syria Allegedly Starving Civilians To Force Surrender. (Amnesty International) Saudi Coalition To Ease, But Not Lift, Yemen Blockade. (VOA) North Korean Soldier Shot While Defecting To South Korea. (Yonhap) Eight Afghan Police Reportedly Killed In Western Province. (AP)  French Review Security, 2 Years After Paris Attacks. (Reuters) Menendez Jury Resumes Work With New Member. (NJ.com)


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Question: Listener Limerick Challenge

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Bad news for Speed Stick; the science of "you had me at hello"; a young explorer discovers make-up and perfume!

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3