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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

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'["represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth\n\n------\n\nE.g. given 'Kenya Faces Obstacles To End Al-Shabab Recruitment' it should be close to 'The Kenyan government has decided on the need for radical action after the Garissa University attack two weeks ago, when al-Shabab\xa0militants killed 148 people.\xa0Part of that plan of action is intended to root out homegrown Islamists. This comes after the revelation that one of the four gunmen in the Garissa attack was a Kenyan law graduate whose father is a top local official in the northeast. The government wants the Dadaab camp for Somali refugees to close; they’ve also offered a 10-day amnesty for anyone radicalized. All of this is likely to be frustrated by one simple factor – a long history of mistrust of the police in Kenya. The BBC has seen evidence and heard powerful testimony that al-Shabab\xa0is recruiting foot-soldiers in Kenya – youngsters reported missing only for them to declare that they’ve been lured by al-Shabab. The BBC’s\xa0East Africa correspondent Karen Allen reports\xa0from\xa0the scene of the deadly Garissa siege. Note: This BBC interview can be heard in the Here & Now podcast or with the WBUR app. Reporter\n\nKaren Allen, East Africa correspondent for the BBC. She tweets @BBCKarenAllen.' but not to 'Good Friday morning - here are our early stories: Strong Earthquake Strikes Japan, Triggering Small Tsunami. And here are more early headlines: Skittish Investors Waiting For Latest Unemployment Rate News. (MarketWatch) Egyptian Opposition Refuses To Hold Talks With President Morsi. (BBC) Hamas Political Leader Visits Gaza For Visit After Conflict With Israel. (Bloomberg) Syria Situation Is 'Accelerating', Warns Clinton. (CNN) Hurricane Kills More Than 500 In Philippines, Just As Many Missing. (VOA) George Zimmerman Sues NBC For 'Yellow Journalism' In Martin Shooting Coverage. (Orlando Sentinel) Report: U.S. Seeks To Ease Rules On Brain Injury And Veterans' Benefits. (New York Times) NHL Contract Talks Break Down Again; No Pro Hockey On Horizon. (ESPN) Whale Carcass Rotting In Malibu Emits 'Severe' Stench For Residents. (Los Angeles Times)'.", 'A Church Divided Over Gay Clergy: Interview']' == '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Host Scott Shafer talks with Kevin Eckstrom, editor of the Washington D.C.-based Religion News Service about the compromise offered by the national Episcopal Church.']' != '['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details\nExamples:\n\n"In Indiana, time is relative. Now bear with me, because no one really understands this. Some Indiana counties observe Eastern Time, some are on Central, some recognize daylight-saving time and most don\'t. This weekend, for the first time, the whole state is supposed to change their clocks forward, and a couple of counties are being moved from Eastern to Central Time. This story explains it.   Got it? Good. Now forget it. Because one Indiana county, Pulaski, is refusing a state directive to move to Central Time.  NPR\'s Melissa Block talks to the head of the Pulaski Chamber of Commerce, Rene Burton, who admits that they will soon become renegades. Burton says that if they don\'t stay on Eastern Time, kids who go to school in an adjoining county could get home before their parents. Sports schedules will be screwed up. A numerical apocalypse will ensue! So the folks of Pulaski are staying put in their corner of the time-space continuum. And if the state wants to stop them, well, they\'ll have to pry the watches from their cold dead fingers." == "Don\'t Miss: Not On My Time"', "Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2."]'

Question: Should I Stay or Should I Go?

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The unanticipated strong showing of John Edwards in the Wisconsin primary has given new life to the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination.  Okay, so he may have lost the state by 40,000 votes, and he may still be only one-for-17.  But in a race that seemed to be heading in an utterly predictable direction, it was a reminder that maybe -- just maybe -- there's some life to this contest yet. Still, the odds are not exactly stacked in Edwards' favor.  History, as well as the compressed calendar, argues against his dislodging John Kerry.    And while the purpose here is not to write anyone's political obituary just yet, the plain fact is that if Edwards doesn't do especially well on Super Tuesday, March 2 -- when 10 states' delegates are up for grabs -- there will be the inevitable questions of how long will he (or can he) stay in the race. These will not be insignificant questions.  John Edwards has bet the house on this race -- or should I say the Senate (he is giving up his Senate seat in his quest).  But if he falls short of the presidential nomination, then how long he stays in the race could make a difference.  For if he is eyeing the number two slot on a Kerry ticket, as many people think (see my colleague Ron Elving's Feb. 16 column on this topic), he knows that how long he yaps at Kerry's heels could affect his chances. As Edwards weighs his options, and his timing, it might be instructive to look at the decision-making process of some candidates from the past. Of course, it's pretty rare for rivals for the nomination to wind up on the same ticket.  The last time it happened was in 1980, with Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.  Bush had upset Reagan in the Iowa caucuses that year, but was never able to capitalize on it.  Reagan beat him in New Hampshire, and in the South, and was clearly headed for the nomination.  Bush managed some wins -- such as in Connecticut and Pennsylvania -- but the pressure on him to withdraw was intense.  Ironically, Bush ended his candidacy just days after he won his most impressive primary win of the year -- a nearly 2-1 victory over Reagan in Michigan in late May.  But by then the numbers showed Reagan impossible to stop.  So Bush announced that he would no longer compete for delegates and would go to the national convention that summer and urge his delegates to back Reagan.  While Bush did give Reagan some fits during his bid for the nomination -- who could forget the "voodoo economics" charge? -- it never got ugly or personal, and Bush ended his bid with grace and before any real damage was done.  A few months later, Bush was the surprise choice as Reagan's running mate. A different scenario was taking place on the Democratic side that year.  Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts launched a bid to deny President Jimmy Carter his party's nomination.  Kennedy was thought to have a fair shot at accomplishing the feat, but once 51 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. embassy in Iran, party voters rallied behind the president.  Like Bush, Kennedy did manage to win a few key contests along the way, like New York and Pennsylvania.  But Carter had an overwhelming lead in delegates.  On the last day of the primary season, Kennedy beat Carter in five of the eight states up for grabs, including California and New Jersey.  But Carter won Ohio, and by doing so clinched for all intents and purposes the nomination.  Kennedy could have withdrawn his candidacy on that day in early June, but did not.  He fought all the way to the convention.  The Democratic Party platform had so many concessions to the Kennedy camp that Carter himself was lukewarm about it.  And though Carter won renomination with little trouble, it was hardly the kind of send-off he hoped for. On stage with the president and Vice President Mondale at Madison Square Garden on that final day, Kennedy was stiff and aloof, showing no warmth for the man who would be leading his party in the general election.  He had his say -- with a memorable "The Dream Shall Never Die" speech -- and bowed out of the race.  But he withdrew much later than the Carter camp would have liked, with none of the graciousness that George Bush showed months prior.  And it was a dispirited Democratic Party that went down to defeat in November. Kennedy, of course, was not angling for a spot on the ticket that year, and his dislike for Carter was so strong that it may not have mattered to him what effect he had on party unity.  John Edwards' battle against John Kerry does not carry -- at least not at this point -- that personal animus.  Another difference between then and now is that in 1980, the battle for the nomination went on through June.  Now, with the front-loading of the primaries and caucuses, 75 percent of the delegates will be chosen by early March.  The quest for unity can be realized well before the convention opens. By the way, the last time a Democratic convention chose a ticket comprised of two who battled eac

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Korva reads three quotes from the weeks news: Does Another One Bite The Dust?, Liar, Liar ... Pants On Fire, and Thank You Siri, May I Have Another.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Citing Pandemic Fears, North Korea Says It Won't Attend Tokyo Olympics

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North Korea says it will skip the upcoming Summer Olympics in Tokyo, citing coronavirus concerns – a move that frustrates South Korea's hopes that the games might revive stalled peace talks between the bitter rivals. The decision to sit out the already delayed Tokyo Games means the North's athletes will be a no-show at the Olympics for the first time since Pyongyang boycotted them in 1988, the year they were held in Seoul. The North's Olympic Committee "decided not to participate in the 32nd Olympic Games during the [March 25] general assembly to protect our athletes from the global health crisis situation related to the coronavirus as proposed by committee members," according to a translation by South Korea's Yonhap news service of the announcement on an official state-run website devoted to sports affairs in North Korea. Pyongyang's decision in 2018 to send nearly two dozen athletes; government officials including leader Kim Jong Un's influential sister, Kim Yo Jong; journalists; and even a cheering squad with more than 200 members to the Winter Games in South Korea helped break a diplomatic logjam that led to a brief rapprochement with Seoul and Washington. South Korea's Unification Ministry expressed regret over the North's latest decision, saying it had hoped the Olympics would be an opportunity for improving inter-Korean relations. North Korea claims to have no confirmed coronavirus cases or COVID-19 deaths. Although Pyongyang has a history of little to no transparency about what is happening inside the country, some outside experts believe the country's near-total isolation and aggressive lockdowns have likely helped spare it from the worst of the pandemic, to the detriment of its economy. Victor Cha, senior vice president and Korea chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and a professor at Georgetown University, told NPR's Here & Now in February that North Korea "is quite paranoid on a good day, but right now they are extremely paranoid about COVID getting into the country."  He said while it's hard to know what is going on in the country, "it's certainly plausible that there are no cases inside the country, because they have sealed the border for more than a year."  A South Korean Foreign Ministry spokesman, Choi Young-sam, said it was not too late for Pyongyang to reverse its decision. However, Park Won Gon, a professor of North Korea studies at Seoul's Ewha Womans University, told The Associated Press that it's unlikely the North would change its mind about the Games, given the low probability that it can secure enough vaccine to inoculate its population of 26 million by the time the events begin. The North has shown "a coronavirus-related neurosis since it declared an emergency anti-virus system in January last year," Park said. The Olympics have already been postponed a year due to the pandemic. Despite speculation that they might be delayed yet again, Tokyo's organizing committee has maintained adamantly that they will begin as planned on July 23. North Korea's move makes it the first major country to say it is skipping the games as a result of the pandemic. Japan's chief Cabinet secretary, Katsunobu Kato, said Tokyo expressed hope that many countries would attend the Olympics and promised measures to minimize the danger of the spread of the virus, according to the AP. Even so, organizers have banned overseas spectators from the Olympic and Paralympic Games this year as a precaution against spreading the coronavirus.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Greece Welcomes Obama On Final Presidential Foreign Trip. -- Immigration And Border Security Top President-Elect Trump's To-Do List. And here are more early headlines: Further Review Set For Dakota Access Pipeline. (Los Angeles Times) Tobacco Maker Reynolds Seeks Higher Sale Price From BAT. (Wall Street Journal) New Zealand Surveys Earthquake Damage. (Time) Why India's Cash Crisis Is So Bad. (BBC) Photos Suggest Myanmar Is Burning Minority Villages. (Washington Post) Kenya Won't Meet Deadline To Shut Down Refugee Camp. (Reuters) ICC Official Alleges U.S. May Have Committed War Crimes. (AFP) South Korean President Gets Lawyer Ahead Of Questioning. (Korea Herald) China Says Its Air Pollution Got Worse Last Month. (VOA)


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Question: U.S. Troops Are Arriving Back In Afghanistan To Help With Evacuations

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The troops will help get Americans, and Afghans who helped them, out of the country. NPR's A Martínez talks to Pentagon spokesman John Kirby about what's going on following the Taliban's takeover.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- 6 Headlines That Tell The Story Of The Iowa Caucus Results. -- Teens Arrested In Mass Shooting At Seattle Homeless Camp. -- Groundhog Day 2016: Punxsutawney Phil Did Not See His Shadow. And here are more early headlines:  Obama, Speaker Ryan To Meet For Lunch, Discussion. (The Hill) Shuttle Diplomacy As Syrian Peace Talks Open. (New York Times) Syria Agrees "In Principle" To Allow Aid Into 3 Towns. (VOA) Heavy Winter Storm, Blizzard Conditions Moving Into Central U.S. (NWS) U.S. Airstrikes Destroy ISIS Radio Station In Eastern Afghanistan. (AP) Occupation Supporters Meet Angry Residents In Burns, Oregon Protest. (OPB) Puerto Rico Seeks Bond Restructuring To Ease Economic Crisis. (AP)


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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Question: Can Groups Sue Over Trump's Business Conflicts Even If They Weren't Harmed?

President Trump's continued business dealings have generated plenty of teeth-gnashing about whether the occupant of the White House will be profiting off his new role. The question is who has the "standing" to do anything about it? This week a group of legal scholars and former government ethics officials teamed up to file a lawsuit in federal court alleging that Trump's overseas commercial activities violate the Constitution's Emoluments Clause, which bars presidents from taking gifts from foreign governments. The suit faces some significant legal hurdles, among them the question of whether Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, the advocacy group behind the lawsuit, actually has the standing to sue the president. "Standing is a basic doctrine of the federal courts. No one has the right to go into court and get a judgment unless they've been injured by the action they're complaining about, so we don't just have miscellaneous busybodies filing lawsuits," says Michael McConnell, director of the Constitutional Law Center at Stanford University. "If your neighbor is hit by a car, you may be outraged. You may think he ought to sue. But you can't sue on his behalf. He's the only one who can sue," McConnell says. CREW argues that, as a government ethics watchdog, it should be looked at like a business whose main "product" is ethics advocacy and commentary. "Because of Donald Trump's unprecedented conflicts of interest, the cost to produce that product has gone up. The resources have had to shift away from the business they engage in typically, and that affects them. It affects them directly. It affects the way they spend money," says Deepak Gupta, a Supreme Court litigator who is representing CREW. Gupta says some precedent exists for the argument. In the 1982 Havens Realty case, the Supreme Court ruled that a housing rights group could claim damages because it was forced to put money and resources into opposing discrimination by a private real estate firm. But McConnell, who believes CREW's argument for standing is something of a stretch, says that case was "quite a different situation." "That organization was providing actual services to people who were purchasing housing," he says. "They were ushering clients through the process, and when the defendants were discriminating, and hiding the type of discrimination, it actually made it more difficult for them to provide the services that they were providing." Since the Havens Realty case, numerous public-interest groups have tried to argue that they have standing because laws were being violated, says Jonathan Adler, professor of law at Case Western Reserve University. "In all these cases, the court has made clear that being a mission-oriented organization is not enough to establish standing. You still have to show something more concrete than alleging a legal violation that touches upon your mission," Adler says. If CREW doesn't have the legal standing to challenge Trump, who does? One possibility is Trump's business competitors. For example, a hotel could argue that it's facing unfair competition because its customers are switching to Trump properties in an effort to curry favor with the president. Something like that is actually happening, Gupta says. "We have been contacted since we filed the lawsuit by all sorts of people who believe they have economic injuries as a result of the streams of foreign payments that go to Donald Trump's businesses, and we are considering very carefully the potential claims that those people have," Gupta says. The courts could also decide that no one really has the standing to sue the president over his conflicts of interest, and that Congress will ultimately have to decide whether Trump's business dealings are a problem, Adler says. "The impeachment clause [of the Constitution] specifically mentions bribery as an impeachable offense," Adler says. "So if we believe that the president is violating the Emoluments Clause or is otherwise so enmeshed in conflicts of interest that they are tantamount to bribery or that they prevent him from being able to discharge his responsibilities, the primary mechanism for dealing with that is the impeachment clause. "That's obviously a severe remedy. That's obviously something that's unlikely when Congress is controlled by the same party. But that is the structure," he says.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Jury In Boston Marathon Bombing Case To Begin Deliberations

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Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was charged with 30 counts, and he's expected to be found guilty of most of them. The defense said there would have been no attack if it hadn't been for his older brother, Tamerlan.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Most Victims Of Friday's Massacre In Syria Were Executed, U.N. Says. -- Good News: Beryl Weakened. Better News: It Drenched Parched Areas. -- Italy Rocked By Second Deadly Quake. -- How Do You Spell Precocious? 6-Year-Old Spelling Bee Contestant Would Know. Other top stories: -- "Secret 'Kill List' Proves a Test of Obama's Will and Principles." (The New York Times) -- "Meet 'Flame,' The Massive Spy Malware Infiltrating Iran's Computers." (Wired's Threat Level blog) -- "Romney Ready To Claim GOP Nomination After Texas Primary Today." (The Associated Press) -- Jury In John Edwards Trial Starts Seventh Day Of Deliberations. (The Associated Press) -- Bob Dylan, Madeleine Albright, John Glenn To Each Receive Medal Of Freedom Today. (Minnesota Public Radio)


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Question: Sabiduría: A Reporter's Notebook

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Latino USA's Marlon Bishop reflects on the threats faced by his colleagues on a recent reporting trip to Honduras, where you can buy an assassination for as little as $50.

Stories: 1) Marcus Stern: On the Trail of Congressional Corruption 2) 'Bug' Out: Friedkin's Latest Scratches Thriller Itch 3) Ibrahim Ferrer, 'Mi Sueño'


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Question: Author William Taubman, 'Khrushchev'

Taubman is a political science professor at Amherst College and an expert on Russia.  This week he received a Pulitzer Prize for his biography of the Russian ruler Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era.

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Stories: 1) Joe Boyd on 'Making Music in the 1960s' 2) Natsuo Kirino's 'Grotesque' New Novel


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Question: Disability Insurance

-- Host Bob Edwards talks with Nancy Lloyd, editor-at-large for Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine. She says disablity insurance is something you hope you won't need but is good to have.

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School Funding, Focus On Technology, National Audubon Society, The Android's Dream, Chase's Calendar of Events, Letters from Iwo Jima, Commentary: Exercise and Pre-teen Martial Arts


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Question: Refugee Resettlement

NPR's Tom Gjelten reports on US and NATO plans for repatriating and resettling approximately one million Kosovo Albanians who have been driven from their homes. President Clinton has promised the refugees that the United States and NATO will work to get them back. Relief workers say this means NATO must be committed to the removal of all Serbian forces from Kosovo, and soon. The refugee camps now set up on the borders of Albania and Macedonia are not winterized.

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Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: To Reverse Driver Shortage, Trucking Industry Steers Women To Jobs

When someone says "trucker," many stereotypes often come to mind. A bearded Kris Kristofferson in the 1978 film Convoy or a hollerin' Jerry Reed from Smokey and the Bandit are just some of the mental images associated with the word. Traditionally, trucking has been an industry dominated by men. But increasingly, that's changing. The American Trucking Associations says the industry is short about 30,000 truckers nationwide. It expects that shortage to surge more than 200,000 truckers in the next decade. The industry is increasingly looking at other demographics — particularly women — to close that gap. Judy Sanchez is one of those women. She's training to become a truck driver at the Dootson School of Trucking in Arcadia, Calif. Beginners start with a bus and move on to a truck. And Sanchez is as green as it gets. This is only the third time she's driven a stick shift. Still, she's not lacking for confidence when it comes to parallel parking between a set of orange cones. "Oh yeah, and I see a lot of women having a hard time and I'm like, really? Let me help you out," Sanchez says. "Oh, we have a cocky one on us here today," her instructor jokes. Sanchez nails it after a couple of tries. "Why trucking?" she says. "Because I've been looking for a job where I can get good benefits, actually good pay. And why not? You know? It's fun. I like it. Women can do it too." Erica Arvizu, an admission supervisor at Dootson's, says more and more women are getting interested in the field. "I've been working here for 18 years," she says. "And in the last three years, there are so many more women coming and obtaining their commercial class A license." Arvizu says most come in for the same reasons as Sanchez. "A lot of them are single women trying to support their families, or just trying to help their partner because of the economy and everything — to survive," she says. The median pay for a tractor-trailer driver is a little more than $38,000 a year. Long haul truckers can make a lot more. Not bad, considering you can get a license in a matter of weeks or months. Still, the industry has struggled with filling its ranks since it shed tens of thousands of jobs during the Great Recession. Many in the industry blame government regulation. Others blame wages that haven't risen with inflation. Most point to an aging workforce and a generation of young workers who aren't exactly enticed by a career like trucking. "And not just the trucking industry," says Ellen Voie, president of Women in Trucking, a group that tries to encourage the employment of women in the trucking industry. "I think all trades are suffering from the same situation where everyone wants their kids to go to college and not get their hands dirty," she says. Voie's been in trucking most of her life, and she says that the industry is far more receptive to women than it ever has been before. But it still has a long way to go in terms of attitudes and numbers. Attitudes because, Voie says, sexism and harassment are still problems. "There's still drivers out there who think women shouldn't have a place in the trucking industry," she says. "They're few and far between, but unfortunately they're vocal." And numbers, because the most recent labor statistics show that just over 5 percent of the trucking workforce are women. Voie thinks it's a little higher than that, but not by much. And she thinks that it's in the industry's best interests to change that. "I would venture to say that if we could double the percentage of women working in the trucking industry, we could solve the immediate qualified driver shortage," Voie says. And those perceptions of what a trucker should look like might change with it. ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:  When you're driving on the freeway, it may not feel like it but there is a shortage of truckers. The American Trucking Association says they're short about 30,000 truckers nationwide, and the shortage is expected to grow to more than 200,000 in the next decade. NPR's Nathan Rott reports that the industry is increasingly looking to women to close that gap. NATHAN ROTT, BYLINE: OK, I say trucker, you think - what? - a bearded Kris Kristofferson in "Convoy." (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "CONVOY") KRIS KRISTOFFERSON: (As Martin Penwald) Hey, love machine. You ain't hauling go-go girls, are you? ROTT: Or maybe a hollering Jerry Reed from "Smokey And The Bandit." (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "SMOKEY AND THE BANDIT") JERRY REED: (As Cledus) I'm the brother of a truck driving mother - boogie, boogie, boogie. ROTT: There's long been a stereotype of truckers, and maybe deservedly. Traditionally, trucking has been an industry dominated by men. But increasingly, that's changing. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) JUDY SANCHEZ: So let me start with the seatbelt first. UNIDENTIFIED INSTRUCTOR: Seatbelt first - safety always. ROTT: Judy Sanchez gets pointers from her instructor as she takes her position behind the wheel of a big, yellow bus at the Dootson School of Trucking in Arcad

Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: Remembering Pearl Harbor

NPR's Steve Inskeep notes that Sunday is the 62nd anniversary of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. President Bush, in marking the occasion, issued a proclamation that omits any mention of the name of the attacking nation. The Japanese are currently preparing to deploy troops to support the U.S. occupation of Iraq.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "Colder Than Hell, Michigan;" Wee Wee and WiFi 2020" and "Who's Watching?"


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Question: Boris Johnson Faces Criticism For The Late Coronavirus Response

Britain now has the second-worst death rate for COVID-19 in the world. Some critics blame Prime Minister Boris Johnson for his late response and policy missteps.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- McCain Takes Swipe At President For Vietnam 'Bone Spur' Deferment. -- Director James Toubek Accused Of Harassment By Dozens Of Women. -- AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka Wins A Third 4-Year Term. -- Digging In The Mud To See What Toxic Substances Were Spread By Hurricane Harvey. -- David Letterman Honored With Twain Award For American Comedy.  And here are more early headlines: Schumer Seeks "CEO" For Disaster Recovery In Puerto Rico. (The Hill) Sgt. Bergdahl's Sentencing Hearing Opens Today. (CNN) Vietnam Veteran Who Saved Dozens To Receive Medal Of Honor. (ABC) Catalan Officials To Resist Spanish Government Takeover. (BBC) After Criticism, W.H.O. Rescinds Zimbabwe Leader's Appointment. (Washington Post) Philippines Says Assault On Marawi Militants Is Over. (Reuters) India's Government Tells Myanmar To Take Back Rohingyas. (AP)


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Question: Brent Leggs: How Can Seeing Black History As American History Begin To Make Amends?

Part 1 of the TED Radio Hour episode Black History ... And The Future How can we make amends for the atrocities of slavery and segregation? Historian and preservationist Brent Leggs discusses one step in confronting the past: preserving African American historic sites. A version of this segment was originally heard in the episode Making Amends. About Brent Leggs Brent Leggs is the executive director of the African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund, the largest preservation campaign ever undertaken on behalf of African American history. Over the past decade, Leggs has developed the Northeast African American Historic Places Outreach Program to build a regional movement of preservation leaders saving important landmarks in African American history. As the project manager for several National Treasure campaigns across the country, he led efforts to create the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument in Alabama, which President Barack Obama designated in January 2017. Other campaign successes include the protection of cultural monuments like Villa Lewaro, the estate of Madam C. J. Walker in Irvington, New York; Joe Frazier's Gym in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Hinchliffe Stadium in Paterson, New Jersey; A. G. Gaston Motel in Birmingham; Nina Simone's birthplace in Tryon, North Carolina; John and Alice Coltrane's home in Huntington, New York; and more. Leggs is also a Harvard University Loeb Fellow, and author of Preserving African American Historic Places. He is the 2018 recipient of the Robert G. Stanton National Preservation Award. He has taught at Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, and Boston Architectural College, and he is an Assistant Clinical Professor at the University of Maryland's Graduate Program in Historic Preservation.

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: The Customer Is Always Right. Except When They Won't Wear A Mask

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They fume and rage and demand their rights. Sometimes they even get violent. In the age of COVID-19, most people practice social distancing guidelines when they go into stores and restaurants, putting on masks and standing 6 feet behind other customers. Still, there are the nightmare customers — those who refuse to comply. "I've had a lot of conflict. I've had a lot of pushback from people," says Brenda Leek, owner of Curbside Eatery in La Mesa, Calif. One woman entered Leek's restaurant without a mask, pulling her T-shirt over her face. Leek told her to mask up or leave. "So then she's like, 'This is ridiculous! You're discriminating against me!' Told me I would be hearing from her attorney. And I said, 'That's fine,' " Leek says. Encounters like that are anything but unusual. The Internet is filled with videotaped confrontations involving customers who flout social distancing rules. Sometimes they insist on entering without face coverings. Other times one customer stands too close to another and a fight breaks out. The conflicts can get especially nasty when alcohol is involved, says Kelly DuFord Williams, founder and managing partner of Slate Law Group. "I've had clients who have had to call the police multiple times in order to have a customer escorted off the premises or at times arrested," Williams says. The conflicts represent a legal minefield for small businesses, she adds. While social distancing guidelines are imposed by state and local governments, it's often left up to restaurants and stores to enforce them, and if they don't they can face lawsuits. For example, if stores are less than diligent about enforcing the rules and a fight breaks out between customers, business owners can be sued, she notes. They can also face lawsuits for creating an unsafe working environment if an employee comes down with COVID-19, she says. It's often employees who are on the front lines in altercations with difficult customers. Since COVID-19 came along, Anthony Hernandez, who works as a barista at a coffee shop in suburban Chicago, has had to deal with more than his share of unruly coffee drinkers. "Sometimes they'll say, 'You're being very disrespectful. You're telling me I have to wear my mask, that I have to do this and this.' And they'll escalate to that point and you're just standing there with the baristas, going, 'What do I do? What do I do?' " Hernandez says. He tries hard to speak politely and calmly to customers, but sometimes the conflicts get downright ugly. He and the other Latinx workers frequently face racial and ethnic slurs from angry patrons, he says. When that happens too often, he absents himself temporarily by telling co-workers he needs to take a "smoke break." "Which is basically code for saying, 'I need to get out of the store for a little bit so I can go relax and cool myself down before I explode.' You know, because it gets really stressful at those moments," Hernandez says.

Good morning - here are some of our early headlines: Protesters Attack U.S. Diplomatic Buildings in Egypt, Libya; One American Worker Killed. (CNN) Chicago Teachers' Strike Starts Third Day, No Breakthrough Seen. (Chicago Tribune) German Court Backs European Bailout Plan. (Wall Street Journal) Two Factory Fires In Pakistan Kill At Least 191. (Voice Of America) Obama Administration Approves First Group Of Immigrant Children Applying To Stay In U.S. (AP) That Big Stink In Los Angeles? It's Decaying Matter From The Inland Salton Sea. (Los Angeles Times) Apple Expected To Unveil New Smartphone Today. (WHEC) FAMU Blames Hazing Victim For His Own Death; Parents Outraged. (ABC) Calif. Refinery Pipe Was Corroded, Thinned Just Before Explosion Last Month. (San Francisco Chronicle) Tropical Storm Nadine Strengthens Far Out In Atlantic, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center)


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Question: NCAA Has Long List Of Headaches As Football Season Starts

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For example, ['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'The country most affected by the escalating tensions between the U.S. and Iran is Iraq. Iran has made the latest move — launching missiles against U.S. military and coalition forces at bases in Iraq.'] should be similar to ['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', "Iraq Responds To Iran's Missile Attack On 2 Military Bases"]

It's been another long college football off-season complete with a scandal involving reigning Heisman Trophy winner, Texas A&M quarterback Johnny Manziell. That scandal has passed, for now, but it's another in a list of headaches for the NCAA as it kicked off the regular season last night. Sportswriter Stefan Fatsis joins Robert Siegel to talk about it all.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Tens Of Thousands Expected Today At Florida Rally For Trayvon Martin . -- The Arguments Begin: Supreme Court Takes Up Health Care Starting Today. -- It's 'Unbelievable To Me,' Says Wife Of Army Sgt. Accused In Afghan Killings. -- Is GOP Race At 'Tipping Point' Or Destined To Keep Going? -- Tragedy In West Virginia: Child Is Ninth Victim Of House Fire. Other stories in the news: -- China, U.S. Agree To Coordinate Reponse To 'Potential Provocation' If North Korea Launches Long-Range Rocket. (BBC News) -- "Obama To Medvedev: No Missile Deal Before Election." (The Wall Street Journal) -- "Cheney Operation Underscores Heart Transplant Issues." (Shots) -- Final Four Is Set: Kansas, Kentucky, Louisville and Ohio State. (Morning Edition) -- Tiger Woods Wins First PGA Tour Event Since 2009. (Golf.com)


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Putin Offers Political Asylum To James Comey, Citing Potential Prosecution In U.S.

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"What's the difference between the FBI director and Mr. Snowden?" Russian President Vladimir Putin asked Thursday during his yearly live call-in show, saying that he would offer political asylum to fired FBI head James Comey in the same way Russia has sheltered former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. By phrasing a question uniquely constructed for these unusual times, Putin put a new spin on the ongoing saga over Russia's tampering in the U.S. election, links between President Trump's inner circle and Russia, and allegations that the president tried to stop at least one line of inquiry. Comey recently testified that Trump fired him after asking him to end the investigation into former national security adviser Michael Flynn — a request that Comey says he memorialized in personal notes that he allowed to be leaked to the media. "[Comey] said he'd written down his conversation with President [Trump] and handed it to the media through a friend of his," Putin said, according to a translation by Radio Free Europe. "This does sound and look odd: the director of a security service making records of his talks with the supreme commander and handing it over to the media through a friend of his." Putin made the remark during his annual Direct Line appearance on state TV, in which he spends hours taking questions from a studio audience and from civilians across Russia. Comparing Comey to Snowden, Putin said, "It makes him not a security service director, but a civil activist advocating a certain belief." He added, "By the way, if he faces any kind of prosecution in this regard, we will provide political asylum in Russia for him as well. He should be aware of that." As wide smiles broke out among the studio audience at that last remark, Putin pivoted in his chair, signaling that the question had been dealt with. This year, the Kremlin says, the call center that funnels the public's curiosity received some 2 million messages, including 1.3 million phone calls. The Kremlin says most of the calls at this year's question-and-answer session dealt with Russia's future. Many of the topics centered on wages, inflation and the economy. Noting that the U.S. Senate has moved to impose new sanctions on Russia and to prevent the Trump administration from rolling back the sanctions without congressional approval, Putin said, "Whatever the case, I believe this is utterly groundless." Putin's annual Q&A sessions are notorious for generating softball questions for the president. Late in Thursday's session, for instance, one man asked, "What is the largest fish you have ever caught?" Putin replied, "20 kilograms (44 pounds)," while also acknowledging that if someone added a bit of weight to the scale when he wasn't looking, he hadn't noticed.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- California Wildfires Spread, Spurred On By Strong Winds. -- U.S. Decision On Jerusalem Sparks Anger And Concern. -- Recount Likely In Close Atlanta Mayoral Race. -- 'French Elvis' Johnny Hallyday Dies At 74.  -- British Intelligence Reportedly Foils Plot To Kill Prime Minister. And here are more early headlines: House Delays Stop Gap Spending Bill Vote. (The Hill) Impeachment Articles To Be Introduced In House. (Washington Post) Trump, Jr. To Speak Privately To House Intel Committee. (NBC) Kirstjen Nielsen Confirmed As Homeland Security Secretary. (Politico) Russian Lawmakers To Bar Certain U.S. Media From Chamber. (Reuters)


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Question: After Quiet Night Of Protests, Hong Kong's Government Offices Reopen

Update at 10:15 p.m. ET: Protests Quietly Continue As Government, Schools Reopen The protesters occupying busy regions of Hong Kong have not entirely withdrawn, but they have made room for commuters to enter government buildings. Civil servants have returned to work, The Associated Press reports, barriers blocking the doors to the government headquarters have been removed, and schools across the city are reopening. The quiet morning comes after a tense day Sunday, when protesters throughout Hong Kong debated whether they should decamp and open up some of the areas of the city they have been blocking in a massive act of civil disobedience that has paralyzed the city and placed them in a tense standoff with Beijing for more than a week. After sunset, it initially appeared that pro-democracy protesters were clearing from the Mong Kok area of town, one of Hong Kong's busiest regions and also where some of the most intense violence has happened over the past few days. The South China Morning Post reports that protesters were also clearing part of Admiralty, the section of town that houses the offices of the chief executive. But just as quickly as some protesters decamped, others took their place, spilling by the thousands onto some of the city's main arteries. This despite some dire warnings issued by the government. As we reported on Saturday, Hong Kong Chief Executive Chun-ying Leung said police had "the responsibility and resolution to take all actions necessary to resume social order and let the government and all 7 million citizens resume their normal work and life." Update at 6:30 p.m. ET. Sun Rises On Continued Calm In Streets As the sun rises in Hong Kong, the status quo is holding; protesters still occupy the streets, police officers are maintaining a presence, and no substantial confrontation has begun. Globe and Mail Beijing correspondent Nathan VanderKlippe tweeted that protest organizers are "urging people to call replacements if they leave." Live video feeds from Admiralty and Mong Kok show crowds that are waking up, but not appearing to disperse. Update at 4:02 p.m. ET. Things Are Peaceful:  Dawn is in a couple of hours and things in Hong Kong remain peaceful. Of course, sunrise is important because Chun-ying Leung, Hong Kong's chief executive, said police would take "all actions necessary" to make sure that schools and government offices open on Monday. Live images from the city, however, show that protesters are still sprawled across some of the city's main arteries. The message from the Hong Kong Federation of Students was clear: Students were not going anywhere until a compromise is reached with the government — even if police use force. Here's how the South China Morning Post sets the scene:  "The demonstration sites have mostly turned quiet this early morning, with police keeping their distance. In Causeway Bay, around 150 demonstrators have camped out overnight, with the majority remaining chatty and few sleeping early. "Admiralty and Mong Kok also remain peaceful, a stark contrast to the tear gas and scuffles that occurred at both sites earlier this week. A police cleanup of both areas seems unlikely at this hour."  Update at 11 a.m. ET. A Dramatic Plea From Former Chief Executive:  Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong's first chief executive after the territory was transferred from the United Kingdom to China, has issued a chilling statement, pleading with demonstrators to get off the streets. According to a translation posted on Reddit's live blog of the situation, Tung said the movement's "desire for democracy is clearly heard," but it's time to end these acts of civil disobedience. "I'm worried about the students' safety as many parents and teachers in the city are," he wrote. "Therefore, I urge you to leave the protests for your own safety." In a lot of ways, that statement echoed the one made by Democratic Party member and Hong Kong University associate professor Dr. Law Chi-kwong on Saturday. "Things can turn very drastic within the next couple of hours," Law wrote. "I am begging everyone I know to leave." Update at 10:35 a.m. ET. No Sign Of Dispersing: Watching a live feed from the Admiralty and Mong Kok areas of Hong Kong, one thing is for certain: It does not appear that protesters are going anywhere. In fact, it appears that crowds in those two areas have grown. The South China Morning Post reports that Federation of Students secretary-general Alex Chow Yong-kang addressed the crowd this evening, saying they are preparing for talks with the government. Chow, however, noted that their demands had not changed: The federation wants to be able to nominate whomever they want as the city's next chief executive. Update at 8:15 a.m. ET. Confusion: Reporting from Hong Kong, NPR's Anthony Kuhn says that just as some protesters announced they were leaving the area surrounding the chief executive's office, other protesters came in. This protest, he says, has, after all, been very decentralized. The Sou

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Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: See 200 Years Of Twists And Turns Of Census Citizenship Questions

If the Trump administration gets its way, federal law will require this question to be asked of each person living in all of the country's households in 2020: "Is this person a citizen of the United States?" It's been close to 70 years since a citizenship question has been included among the census questions for every U.S. household. In fact, the U.S. census has never before directly asked for the citizenship status of every person living in every household. The wording of the question the Trump administration wants to ask comes from a survey the Census Bureau began conducting annually in every county after the 2000 census with about 1 in 38 households — the American Community Survey, which has since replaced the census as the government's way of collecting citizenship information.  How the federal government has used the census in the past to ask about citizenship status has varied over the years. For decades, the census asked only  about the citizenship status of people born outside the U.S. who were later naturalized, or became U.S. citizens.  From the first time in 1820 to the most recent in 2000, when only a small sample of households were asked, questions about citizenship on the census have had a history of stops and starts, twists and turns over 200 years.

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The provided query could be "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'From a recently released CD, a performance by guitarist Julian Bream of the first movement from the Guitar Sonata, Op. 77 "Homage to Boccherini" by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco. (EMI 7243 355362 2 8)']" and the positive "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'From A Recently Released']"

This year brought a wide range of news events and NPR's Instagram audience responded. With a mix of still images and videos, we gained about 350,000 new followers and surpassed our engagement goals in 2017. Our Instagram philosophy is to share a mix of NPR stories from a variety of topics each day. Breaking news and politics led the top 10 posts of the year but our audience also gravitated to features including baby boxes, a favorite dish from Iran and a lesson on Native American treaties. The top overall post was from early 2017, showing the Women's March on Washington following President Trump's inauguration ceremony. The rest of the top 10 are seen in chronological order, highlighting different news events throughout the year.  Women's March Floods Washington, Sparking Rallies Worldwide  Dispatches Of Discontent: Protesters Of Immigration Ban Take To The Streets  States Give New Parents Baby Boxes To Encourage Safe Sleep Habits  PHOTOS: Scientists Take To Washington To Stress A Nonpartisan Agenda  D.C. Equality March Makes Pride Political  The Aroma Of Rice And Barberries Takes Her Back Home To Iran  Harvey Weakens Over Louisiana As Houston Copes With Record Rainfall  A Few Things To Know: Why Treaties Matter Today  Speaker Ryan On Sexual Harassment: 'We Are Having A Watershed Moment In This Country'  Joe Biden Remembers His Son In His New Memoir


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Question: National Weather Service

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Noah speaks with Kevin Darmofal, a lead meteorologist for the National Weather Service about the deadly tornadoes that hit Plains states yesterday. Darmofal talks about tracking tornadoes using radar equipment and reports from volunteer tornado spotters.


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Question: The Nature Conservancy

Host Bob Edwards talks with the new president of The Nature Conservancy, Steve McCormick. McCormick ran the groups California chapter for more than a decade. He says the Conservancy and its membership are constantly updating the techniques they use to preserve some of the most pristine areas in the world.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: The Republican Strategy 5 Days Before Midterm Elections

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With five days to go until midterm elections, President Trump is escalating his attacks on Democrats, immigrants and the media, despite calls to tone down the rhetoric after a week of hate-based violence.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Texas Fertilizer Plant Blast Killed Several, Injured Dozens -- Boston Marathon Explosions: Thursday's Developments -- Ricin Suspect Described As Conspiracist, Elvis Impersonator -- Jobless Claims Rose Slightly Last Week -- Book News: Vast 'Digital Public Library Of America' Opens Today Other stories making headlines: -- "North Korea Sets Conditions For Return To Talks." (The New York Times) -- "Musharraf Flees Pakistan Court As Judges Order His Arrest." (The Globe and Mail) -- "I'm Furious," Former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-Ariz.) Writes After Gun Bills Fail In Senate. (The New York Times) -- "After Gun Defeat, Where Does Obama Go From Here?" (Roll Call) -- "Obama Uses And Loses Political Capital On Gun Control." (It's All Politics)


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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What is multimedia, or Web-centric, reporting? It's some combination of video, text, audio, still photos and graphics presented in a non-linear format in which the information in each medium is complementary, not redundant. In other words, doing a text and video versions that are essentially the same story isn't multimedia reporting. Essentially, with all the forms to choose from, the storyteller figures out how best to tell each part of the story -- what works best in video, in audio, in text, in graphics -- within the time and resources available. Each part of the story may have its own narrative arc. How does the multimedia training work? Multimedia reporting training comprises two parts:  A three-day hands-on workshop to teach concepts, skills and context of multimedia reporting. Participants work in teams of four to produce their stories. A six-week follow-up in which workshop participants work in teams and alone to become proficient in doing Web-centric breaking news, and short and long features using storytelling templates designed for this purpose.  [Although we use "multimedia" and "Web-centric" interchangeably, Web-centric is probably more accurate and less confusing. Multimedia is often confused with "multiple media", meaning multiple platforms, such as print, TV, online, and radio.] What do the participants learn? During the workshop, participants learn how to use a storyboard to transform a traditional linear audio story into a non-linear multimedia story comprising text, still photos, video, audio and/or graphics. They use a digital video camera as their reporter's notebook to gather the information that goes into the story. They learn how to use Photoshop, video-editing and Flash software to put their stories together. Participants also explore how the unique characteristics of the Web are changing reporting, beat structure, news content and presentation. They also learn how interactivity, a critical characteristic of this new medium, is likely to affect their work and the NPR news organization through their participation in and creation of social networks. During the three-day workshop, participants work in teams of four to produce a multimedia story. They learn how multimedia stories are conceived, constructed and put together. They learn how to use the software and hardware required to put together such stories. After this introductory training, participants have enough knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories. Why not just train people how to do video? Video is only one of the available tools to tell a story. Although many news organizations have decided to add video to their Web sites, either through training their reporters or hiring videographers, that's an interim step to embracing the potential of this new Web medium. Most news organizations still take a "Christmas tree" approach to their stories on the Web: a text story with video, slide shows or graphics hanging on the side. What else will the participants learn during the six-week follow-up? Although three days of intense hands-on training provides participants with the skills and knowledge to begin producing basic multimedia stories, when they apply these skills and knowledge in the newsroom, other challenges will arise. Some of these issues may include how to:  manage equipment   approach each story as a Web story first, and spin off a radio story   assess story staffing based on a Web-centric approach   assess and incorporate the time required for production   explore the transition to a Web-centric production process   develop multimedia storytelling templates, ranging from breaking news to features to investigative stories   develop beat and issue Web shells   develop platform distribution strategies, including cell phones  How much experience does the Knight team have in doing these types of workshops and facilitating news organization transition? The Knight Digital Media Center team has been a pioneer in bringing multimedia reporting concepts and skills to news organizations. It has been conducting multimedia reporting workshops since 2002. We offer four multimedia reporting workshops and two technology training workshops a year. We usually receive around 200 to 300 applicants for 20 positions. Kim Perry started cross-training in journalism in 2001, working in television, print, wire services and online. She's worked with Knight since 2004 to bring multimedia reporting to newsrooms. After earning a master's at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2006, Perry spent a year and a half at The San Diego Union-Tribune as a content producer/reporter and multimedia mentor/trainer. Paul Grabowicz and Jane Stevens started the multimedia reporting courses at UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism in 2000. The courses began as an elective, and are now required of every student. With Scott Hacker, they set up the J-school's multimedia resources site, which is now managed by Jeremy Rue. J

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Question: Frequently Asked Questions


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Question: Every Yahoo Account That Existed In Mid-2013 Was Likely Hacked

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Every user who had a Yahoo account in August 2013 was likely affected by its massive hack, the company's parent, Verizon, said Tuesday. This latest disclosure triples the number of accounts compromised by the major 2013 data breach that the company disclosed late last year. At the time, Yahoo said hackers had stolen data associated with 1 billion user accounts; the new disclosure escalates that number to 3 billion. Despite news of the hack's much-broader scope, the company says the steps needed to protect all of its users were already taken last year, when the hack was first discovered. As originally announced, hackers in the 2013 breach stole account information such as names, email addresses, phone numbers, birth dates as well as hashed passwords and security questions and answers. Yahoo, now known as Oath, says in late 2016 it forced password changes for all accounts that haven't done so since 2013 and invalidated old security questions and answers. Credit card and bank account data was not taken in the breach, according to the company's investigation. Yahoo learned that the already-vast breach had ballooned thanks to new intelligence "obtained" recently, after Verizon closed its deal to buy Yahoo. Verizon has folded together the tech giant and previously purchased AOL under the umbrella brand Oath. Oath spokesman Charles Stewart did not elaborate on how the information was obtained, but said the new intelligence led to a new investigation by the company's security team, completed less than a week ago. The security industry's favorite adage is that there are two types of companies: those that have been hacked and those that don't know they have been hacked. Among those that know, Yahoo stands out. Over the course of 2016, Yahoo set and then beat its own record for the largest-ever disclosed data breach. Last September, Yahoo reported an incident affecting 500 million accounts that took place in 2014. Then, in December, came the disclosure of the 2013 hack, which was presented as "likely distinct." The 2014 hack was believed to be state-sponsored and later led to a trial of a Canadian hacker and charges against Russian government agents — a relatively rare development for crimes of such caliber. But many questions remain about the 2013 hack and its perpetrators; in fact, the company has been unable to identify the intrusion. An internal investigation by Yahoo's board in March found that the company's information security team, senior executives and some legal staff were aware of a state-sponsored hack in 2014, according to a regulatory filing, that adds:  "It appears certain senior executives did not properly comprehend or investigate, and therefore failed to act sufficiently upon, the full extent of knowledge known internally by the Company's information security team. ... However, the Independent Committee did not conclude that there was an intentional suppression of relevant information. "Nonetheless, the Committee found that the relevant legal team had sufficient information to warrant substantial further inquiry in 2014, and they did not sufficiently pursue it."  Yahoo's then-top lawyer resigned without severance pay as a result, and then-CEO Marissa Mayer lost her 2016 bonus. She later left the company as Yahoo was bought by Verizon.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Actress Angelina Jolie Shares Story Of Her Double Mastectomy. -- Russian Security Service Claims To Have Uncovered CIA Agent. -- Afghan Taxes Weigh Heavily On U.S. Contractors, Report Says. -- Book News: Amazon Debuts Its Virtual Currency. Other stories of the morning: -- "IRS Officials In Washington Were Involved In Targeting Of Conservative Groups." (The Washington Post) -- Associated Press Blasts Justice Department's Search Of Reporters' Phone Records. (Morning Edition) -- Cleveland Kidnappings Suspect Was Previously Accused, But Not Formally Charged, With Abusing Common-Law Wife And Threatening Neighbors. (The Plain Dealer) -- New Orleans Police Identify One Suspect In Mother's Day Shooting That Injured 19. (The Times-Picayune) -- "Comfort Women" Were "Necessary" During World War II, Prominent Japanese Politician Says. (BBC News)


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Question: People Knowingly Donated $100,000 To Dig A Big, Pointless Hole In The Ground

When you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss also gazes into you. Cards Against Humanity, the maker of the game of the same name, announced last week it would be celebrating Black Friday by digging a giant, pointless hole in the ground. The company named it the Holiday Hole, and said it would dig the hole for as long as people were willing to pay for it. The dig lasted for days and ended on Sunday. Before the dig was stopped, donations began to dwindle, but for more than a week the money piled up, as has all the displaced dirt next to the hole — the location of which Cards Against Humanity has not disclosed. According to the website, the initiative has brought in $100,573. This has raised a lot of questions in NPR's newsroom, some of which Cards Against Humanity endeavored to answer on its site:  What's happening here? Cards Against Humanity is digging a holiday hole. Is this real? Unfortunately it is. Where is the hole? America. And in our hearts. Is there some sort of deeper meaning or purpose to the hole? No. What do I get for contributing money to the hole? A deeper hole. What else are you going to buy, an iPod? Why aren't you giving all this money to charity? Why aren't YOU giving all this money to charity? It's your money. Is the hole bad for the environment? No, this was just a bunch of empty land. Now there's a hole there. That's life. How am I supposed to feel about this? You're supposed to think it's funny. You might not get it for a while, but some time next year you'll chuckle quietly to yourself and remember all this business about the hole. How deep can you make this sucker? Great question. As long as you keep spending, we'll keep digging. We'll find out together how deep this thing goes. What if you dig so deep you hit hot magma? At least then we'd feel something.  This isn't the first holiday stunt pulled by the company. Last year on Black Friday, the company made $71,145 after it asked people to send $5 each — to receive absolutely nothing in return. Two years ago, it sold literal bull feces to 30,000 people, bringing in $180,000. As the rate of donations for the dig decreased, so too did the amount of time each dollar would buy. As Business Insider reported on Friday, "each dollar donated extends the dig time by about another 1.8 seconds." By Sunday morning that number had dropped to 0.4 seconds. By early Sunday afternoon, 0.3 seconds. Cards Against Humanity told NPR it was not trying to discourage people from donating in order to end the hole digging. Claire Friedman, Cards Against Humanity employee and self-described "hole mom," said Sunday: "It's set so time gets more expensive the longer we dig. The first dollar paid for 5.5 seconds, now it'll only get .3. Basically just reflecting the longer we need to hold crew and equipment here, the more expensive it gets." We emailed Cards Against Humanity with further questions, and will update this post if we hear back. This post was updated to reflect the increase in total money donated and the conclusion of digging.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- North Korea Fires Projectiles Into The Sea After U.N. Imposes New Sanctions. -- Appeals Court Gives Residents 30 Days, Not 8, To Return Home After Porter Ranch Leak. And here are more early headlines: Romney Expected To Criticize Trump In Speech Today. (CNN) GOP Presidential Candidates Debate Tonight Without Carson. (Politico) Greece May Have 150,000 Migrants By Next Month. (AP) U.N. Says 50 Thousand Dead In South Sudan's Civil War. (Reuters) Astronaut Scott Kelly Returns To Texas, Goes Through Customs. (KNBC) New Zealanders Vote On Changing Their Flag. (Radio New Zealand) Family Finds Rare Baseball Cards In Bag In Relative's Home. (Chicago Tribune)


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Question: How The Pandemic Is Widening The Racial Wealth Gap

Joeller Stanton used to be an assistant teacher at a private school in Baltimore and made about $30,000 a year. In mid-March, when the pandemic was just starting, her school closed for what was supposed to be two weeks. "Up to that point, we were under the impression that it wasn't that serious, that everything was going to be OK," Stanton recalls. But as schools in Maryland switched to virtual learning indefinitely, Stanton was let go from her job. She received her last paycheck in March. "I had about $300 savings that was basically gone by the end of March," she says. She says she applied for unemployment but was denied initially. And by April, she had no money to pay for rent and utilities, and was struggling to put food on the table for her two children. Stanton, who is Black, is caught up in a huge wave of economic stress hitting Americans, especially people of color.  Sixty percent of Black households are facing serious financial problems since the pandemic began, according to a national poll released this week by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. That includes 41% who say they've used up most or all their savings, while an additional 10% had no savings before the outbreak. Latinos and Native Americans are also disproportionately affected by the pandemic's economic impact. Seventy-two percent of Latino and 55% of Native American respondents say their households are facing serious financial problems, compared with 36% of whites. "The thing that immediately struck me was how large the gap was by race for the people who said they were facing serious problems," says Valerie Wilson, director of the Program on Race, Ethnicity and the Economy at the Economic Policy Institute. The pandemic's disproportionate financial impact on communities of color reflects — and is worsening — existing racial disparities in wealth, she adds. Struggles with income, housing, food "The three groups that are being just ravaged by this epidemic are reporting unbelievable problems of just trying to cope with their day-to-day lives," says Robert Blendon, professor emeritus of health policy and political analysis at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, who oversaw the poll. Thirty-two percent of Latino and 28% of Black respondents say they're having problems paying rent or mortgages. About a third of respondents in both groups were struggling to pay credit cards or other loans. And 26% of Latino and Native American respondents say they struggle to afford food, while 22% of Black respondents do.  Among households that reported they lost income, survival is even more of a challenge.  For Black respondents, 40% say they're struggling to pay rent or mortgage, and 43% say they're having trouble paying utilities. For Latino households that lost income, 46% say they're struggling to pay mortgage or rent. About a third of both Black and Latino respondents who lost household income said they're struggling to pay for food. The fact that many minority groups are also experiencing higher rates of coronavirus infections makes it even harder for them to cope financially, Blendon adds. "You have people who don't have savings, they can't pay bills," he says. "And then you're going to tell them, 'Well, somebody in the household tested positive, nobody can go work.' How are they going to keep their lives going?" Stanton's sister, who works for the city government, got COVID-19 earlier this year and had to isolate in her basement. "She had a cough, and she couldn't eat because her taste buds were completely gone," Stanton says. "I would cook meals, and I would take it to the basement, put it down on the floor for her." Luckily, she says, no one else in the family — including her 82-year-old mother and her 7-year-old son, who has asthma — got infected. But Stanton says she has lost a sister-in-law to the disease and had a friend in coma for six weeks on a ventilator. She knows of many others in her community who have died.  And most of her co-workers and friends are out of work. Worsening existing disparities Even during the economic recovery of recent years, minority groups were lagging behind, says Wilson of the Economic Policy Institute. "There were significant racial disparities in wages, significant racial disparities in unemployment, significant racial disparities in the kinds of jobs people held." Black, Latino and Native American workers were more likely to have jobs that were lost during the pandemic, Wilson says. A Harvard University analysis of the U.S. Census Bureau's Pulse Survey, released in July, found that 58% of Latino and 53% of Black households experienced loss in earnings early in the pandemic. Wilson's own research has shown that Latino workers have been particularly affected by job losses during the pandemic. Wilson adds that people in these groups are also more likely to have jobs that didn't allow them to work from the safety of their homes, therefore putting the

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In Hong Kong, Police Clear Final 'Occupy' Protest Site. -- U.S. Says It Has Closed Its Final Detention Center In Afghanistan. And here are more early headlines: The Latest On The Congressional Omnibus Spending Bill. (Politico) U.N Official Calls For Prosecution Of U.S. Agents In Harsh Interrogations. (Newsweek) U.S. Finds Medical Bills Lead Americans' Unpaid Debts. (CFPB) Study Finds More Than 5 Trillion Pieces Of Plastic In World's Oceans. (New York Times) British, Irish Prime Ministers Join Northern Irish Peace Talks. (BBC) Falling Oil Prices Swell Alaska's Potential Budget Deficit. (AP) After 12 Days, Missing Boater Found Miles Off Hawaii. (Christian Science Monitor)


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

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Question: Southern Baptist Seminary Confronts History Of Slaveholding And 'Deep Racism'

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The Southern Baptist Convention, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, came into being in 1845 as the church of Southern slaveholders. Now, 173 years later, Southern Baptist leaders are not just acknowledging their dark history; they are documenting it, as if by telling the story in wrenching detail, they may finally be freed of its taint. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, the denomination's flagship institution, this week released a 71-page report on the role that racism and support for slavery played in its origin and growth. "The founding fathers of this school — all four of them — were deeply involved in slavery and deeply complicit in the defense of slavery," writes school President R. Albert Mohler Jr., in a letter accompanying the report. "Many of their successors on this faculty, throughout the period of Reconstruction and well into the 20th century, advocated the inferiority of African-Americans and openly embraced the ideology of the Lost Cause of southern slavery." Mohler, who has led the seminary since 1993, commissioned the history report, which was compiled by a committee of six current and former seminary faculty members, and he promised from the outset that it would be released to the public without editing. "We have been guilty of a sinful absence of historical curiosity," Mohler, 59, wrote in the introductory letter. "We knew, and we could not fail to know, that slavery and deep racism were in the story. We comforted ourselves that we could know this, but since these events were so far behind us, we could move on without awkward and embarrassing investigations and conversations." That story is now told, in a way only Southern Baptists themselves could tell it. The report draws heavily on seminary archives, including correspondence among the four founders. Among them, they held more than 50 enslaved persons. The report acknowledges that the only reason a separate Southern Baptist denomination was formed was because northern Baptists refused to appoint slaveholders as missionaries. "The seminary's early faculty and trustees defended the righteousness of slaveholding," the report says, "and opposed efforts to limit the institution."  Some of them argued that slavery was in the best interests of the slaves themselves, while others insisted it was "a God-ordained institution." The seminary leaders opposed Abraham Lincoln's election and argued vigorously on the eve of the Civil War in favor of secession, seeing it "as the only hope for preserving slavery." During the postwar Reconstruction period, the seminary leaders opposed political representation for African-Americans and explicitly advocated white supremacy. For much of the 20th century, seminary leaders defended racial segregation and refused to admit black students. Seminary classrooms were not integrated until 1951. "It's a very difficult story," Mohler told NPR. "But it needed to be told. It needed to be documented, and it needed to be done now." The Southern Baptist Convention formally apologized to African-Americans in 1995 for the denomination's pro-slavery past, and in 2017, the convention adopted a resolution condemning white supremacy. The seminary's report nevertheless breaks new ground. The "history" section of the current SBTS website does not disclose that its founders were slave owners and ardent defenders of the institution of slavery. "One of the first things that will happen is that our institutional history will be revised," Mohler said. What that might entail is not yet clear. There are no statues of the founders on the campus to remove, according to Mohler, although the seminary's undergraduate college is named after James P. Boyce, one of the four founders, and some buildings and student associations carry the names of other pro-slavery seminary leaders. "Taking the names off in a sense is just an effort to hide," Mohler said. "This is our story. This is exactly who we are. Our responsibility is to serve God faithfully, both in what we retain and in what we reject from those who came before us." The seminary today admits black students, and some Southern Baptist congregations are led by African-American ministers. The denomination these days is distinguished from other Baptist groupings by its heightened evangelical identity and by the theological and political conservatism of many of its leaders. Notwithstanding the seminary's new openness about its pro-slavery past, the detailed chronology ends in 1964. "In the decades following the civil rights movement, the seminary continued to struggle with the legacy of slavery and racism," the report concludes, but without further elaboration. "Making a statement about Confederate monuments might be a next step," says Alison Greene, a historian of U.S. religion at Emory University in Atlanta, "or taking a stand on questions of voting rights in the 21st century. That would be really significant." Greene, who was raised as a Southern Baptist, found th

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Question: Public Transportation

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Brenda Tremblay of member station WXXI reports that Cynthia Wiggins a black teenager was killed after getting off a city bus in Buffalo in her way to work at a new suburban mall from her home in a poor neighborhood. The case is prompting an examination of public transportation policies. (

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EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: Frequently Asked Questions

What is the 'Political Junkie' blog? The Political Junkie column that you knew and loved each week on the NPR Web site is now a daily blog. The same features, insightful analysis and sophisticated jokes will remain. It is written by NPR Political Editor Ken Rudin, a self-described political junkie who can remember the results of every congressional election since 1066 but somehow forgets to send his mother a birthday card each year. It is written for those political junkies out there who eat, breathe and sleep politics and campaigns and their history, lore and trivia. It will include postings and tidbits from NPR reporters and correspondents around the country. It will also include questions from readers around the world, as was the case with the weekly column. How can I send you questions for the blog? Same as before: Send an e-mail to politicaljunkie@npr.org or submit your question through the Political Junkie contact form. Can I send you private, not-for-publication e-mails? Yes, to the same e-mail address or through the same contact form. How can I contribute to the conversation on your blog? There is a comment form at the bottom of each blog entry. Registered members of the NPR community can publicly comment on and discuss all posts. I'm hoping to have a civil conversation here. But I also understand that politics do generate some heated opinions. So, please read NPR's guidelines for commenting and Community FAQ. Is there a way you can add me to your mailing list? Absolutely. I had been sending out an e-mail notice each week when the new column was up on the NPR site. I don't think people are in the mood for a daily reminder. So, I will send out a weekly note summing up the hot topics discussed on the blog. Please send me your e-mail address if you want to receive my weekly update. Of course, you can take your name off the list whenever you like. In addition, you may subscribe to an RSS feed, something that I have no understanding about whatsoever. Will a daily Political Junkie mean that the weekly PJ segment on NPR's Talk Of The Nation will end? No, they continue each Wednesday, despite popular demand. What about the weekly It's All Politics podcast? That continues as well. The listener will be thrilled. Can I link to your blog? I would be honored. Will you still be shamelessly asking for campaign buttons from your readers? Yes. That goes without saying. Who's going to be the Republican nominee for president in 2012? Ask me in 2012.

Stories: 1) The Science Behind Deep-Water Oil Drilling 2) Real Life Documentaries Trump Reality TV Every Day


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Question: Zimbabwe's Opposition Files Legal Challenge To 'Fake' Election Results

In the tumultuous two weeks surrounding Zimbabwe's presidential election --the country's first since the ouster of longtime strongman Robert Mugabe --opposition leader Nelson Chamisa has made no secret of what he thinks of its results. Describing them as "unverified," "inflated" and outright "fake," Chamisa has repeatedly rejected the formal tally that handed a victory to President Emmerson Mnangagwa. Now, Chamisa's party has made his objections official. The Movement for Democratic Change filed a legal challenge to the election results Friday, with just minutes to spare before its deadline to do so — and with three days to go before Mnangagwa's previously scheduled inauguration. The party's lawyers allege widespread voting irregularities and have called for new elections or for their candidate, Chamisa, to be declared the winner. "We have a good case and cause!!" Chamisa tweeted Friday. The move marks a crucial development in the dispute that has roiled Zimbabwe virtually since the moment polls opened in the election. The vote was heralded as the country's opportunity to finally escape the long shadow of Mugabe. Mugabe had governed with an increasingly iron fist during Zimbabwe's nearly four decades as an independent country — until the nonagenarian leader resigned last year under pressure from the military and Mnangagwa, a former ally in the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front. Mnangagwa, 75, took his place at the top and entered the elections as the incumbent president, running as a forward-looking candidate ready for a break with the country's authoritarian past. Events of the past week have reminded many of the old Zimbabwe, however. Before Mnangagwa was declared the victor — officially getting just over half the vote, besting Chamisa's 44 percent — Zimbabweans waited days to learn the results from the country's election commission. During that time, security forces fired live rounds on restive demonstrators angry with the long wait, killing at least six of them. Soldiers also patrolled the streets of Harare, and police raided the MDC's headquarters prior to the commission's announcement. And after the election, Tendai Biti, a leading opposition official who had denounced the results, was arrested and charged with fomenting violence. "We have documented groups of armed uniformed soldiers on a rampage, plainclothes police and also unidentified gunmen targeting senior opposition officials," Dewa Mavhinga of Human Rights Watch told NPR's Eyder Peralta on Thursday. At virtually every step, Mnangagwa has sought to publicly distance himself from the security apparatus he controls, including saying Friday that he personally intervened to see to Biti's release — after several international observers expressed their dismay at his treatment, including the U.S. State Department. "The United States government is gravely concerned by credible reports of numerous detentions, beatings, and other abuses of Zimbabweans over the past week, particularly targeting opposition activists," department spokesperson Heather Nauert said in a statement Thursday. "There should be no role for violence, intimidation, or harassment in the new Zimbabwe." Now, Mnangagwa's inauguration is on hold. "On the basis of the evidence we have placed before the court, we seek in the main relief to the effect that the court should declare the proper winner and the proper winner is my client," Chamisa's lawyer Thabani Mpofu told reporters after filing the paperwork Friday, according to Reuters. "In the alternative, we seek that there be another election which complies with the dictates of the law. There is no inauguration that will take place until the matter is determined by the court."  The Constitutional Court has two weeks to weigh the opposition's petition and render a decision. That decision is to be considered final.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Greece Welcomes Obama On Final Presidential Foreign Trip. -- Immigration And Border Security Top President-Elect Trump's To-Do List. And here are more early headlines: Further Review Set For Dakota Access Pipeline. (Los Angeles Times) Tobacco Maker Reynolds Seeks Higher Sale Price From BAT. (Wall Street Journal) New Zealand Surveys Earthquake Damage. (Time) Why India's Cash Crisis Is So Bad. (BBC) Photos Suggest Myanmar Is Burning Minority Villages. (Washington Post) Kenya Won't Meet Deadline To Shut Down Refugee Camp. (Reuters) ICC Official Alleges U.S. May Have Committed War Crimes. (AFP) South Korean President Gets Lawyer Ahead Of Questioning. (Korea Herald) China Says Its Air Pollution Got Worse Last Month. (VOA)