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Question: Italy Defeats Germany 2-0 in Extra Time

DORTMUND, Germany (AP) - Maybe the World Cup is the easy part for Italy. With scandal tearing apart the national sport back home, the Italians kept plowing through soccer's premier event Tuesday night with a last-minute win just when it seemed a penalty shootout was inevitable.       Fabio Grosso twisted a left-footed shot into the far side of the net in the 119th minute, then Alessandro Del Piero clinched the 2-0 win a minute later with a counterattacking goal as the Germans pressed desperately to equalize.       "We deserved it," Grosso said. "We have a great group. We've beaten some very good teams. Now we're going to celebrate reaching the final with all our well-wishers."       The swiftness of the goals was stunning - Germany had pressured for the game's last hour and slowly stretched the tight Italian defense. But Italy, which has allowed only an own-goal in six games, held off the hosts and crushed their hopes for a fourth title.       Now the Italians head to Berlin for Sunday's final in search of a fourth trophy of their own. They'll play the winner of Wednesday's Portugal-France match.       "I can honestly say Italy deserved to win," Italy coach Marcelo Lippi said. "We controlled the play more than Germany did and, in the end, we got these two great goals, which allowed us to avoid the roulette of a penalty shootout."       In handing the Germans their first loss in 15 games at Dortmund, the Azzurri also remained undefeated in five World Cup meetings with Germany - this was their third win to go with two draws.       Until the extra time, it seemed Germany might find the net. As Italy tired, Germany found room where before there was none, creating space -- and chances.       It never paid off. And by the beginning of extra time, it was Italy who threatened, once hitting the post, once the crossbar.       Then, out of nowhere, came the deciding goal.       Italy's reserves rushed onto the field after Grosso took a brilliant tap pass from Andrea Pirlo in the box and curled his shot beyond the leaping reach of goalkeeper Jens Lehmann and just inside the post.       With the hosts pushing forward in desperation, the Italians struck again on a two-on-one break. Del Piero finished with a right-footed blast into the top of the net just before the whistle sounded.       The Italians, who last won the World Cup in 1982, mobbed each other and rolled around on the field as their fans in a sliver of the stadium jumped in delight, waving the green, white and red flags in ecstasy.       "I have to say that we have beaten a very strong team," Del Piero said. "They could have scored first on a couple of occasions. But we've done it. It's a fantastic feeling."       What the Italians have faced off the field could easily have sapped them of their resolve. Their domestic league match-fixing scandal reached new heights Tuesday when a prosecutor urged the demotion of four Serie A teams for which many of Italy's players star. Every Italian team member plays club ball at home -- and 13 of the 23 play for the topflight teams under investigation.       While the Italians celebrated, the Germans collapsed in dismay.       "It's bitter to lose like that," Germany defender Philipp Lahm said. "We had set ourselves the target of reaching the semifinals, but once you've reached that you want to go all the way."       The home crowd lingered to cheer their heroes, who were supposed to be too young and inexperienced to challenge for this trophy. Instead, Juergen Klinsmann's entertaining squad performed superbly, and the crowd sang to them and chanted their names and "Deutschland, Deutschland" after the match. Captain Michael Ballack and several others cried as they left the field, defeated but unashamed.       They just couldn't finish the heady Italians, whose technical mastery, particularly on defense, was surpassing.       Italy is unbeaten in 24 games as it heads to its first World Cup title game since losing to Brazil in 1994.       Germany will play in the third-place game Saturday in Stuttgart, hardly where it planned to be.       "The boys are sitting there and have a bitter pill to swallow," said Klinsmann, who won the 1990 World Cup played in Italy. "It hurts terribly."

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It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

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Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, the quirky, eccentric, and endearing piano music by French composer Erik Satie.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: Peacekeepers Patrol Congo After Disputed Election

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Following disputed election results announced this week, U.N. peacekeepers are patrolling the streets of the Central Africa nation of Congo. Jean-Pierre Bemba, who lost the presidential race to incumbent Joseph Kabila, is refusing to accept the results.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Car Bombs In Turkey Kill At Least 6, Wound More Than 200. -- 2 U.S. Swimmers Pulled Off Flight Home As Police Probe Robbery Claim. And here are more early headlines: Louisiana Flooding Toll Reaches 13. (AP) Painful Recovery Begins In Louisiana. (New York Times) Uncontained Southern California Wildfire Burns Rapidly. (Las Vegas Review-Journal) Several Fires Burning In Yellowstone National Park. (Bozeman Daily Chronicle) Rights Group Alleges Deadly Brutality In Syrian Prisons. (Amnesty International) Spokesman Says South Sudan Rebel Leader Leaves Country. (VOA) Haiti Announces Plan To Re-Do National Elections. (AFP) Suu Kyi Discusses Controversial Dam Project On Chinese Visit. (Wall Street Journal) Chicago Suspect Accused Of Wounding Officer. (Chicago Tribune) 22 Missouri Clergy Convicted Of Trespassing In State Capitol Protest. (KMOX/AP)


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Question: What Did We Learn Today

Tom and David reflect on the show's most memorable lessons.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Border Clash; Uber-stepping Boundaries; Do They Know It's Condescension Time At All.


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Question: Letters from Listeners

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Robert Siegel and Michele Norris read some of this week's listener letters.

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Wedding Announcements from Kasper Hauser's upcoming book Weddings of the Times.


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Question: Who's Carl This Time?

The president replaces his merry-maker; A Senator fears for his ability to remain in the U.S.; obscene gesture or not? You be the "Judge."

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Pope-ularity; Emission Admission; It's Over Now That It's Over.


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Question: A Mile In Another?s Shoes

When Elisa Della-Piana shows up at a firehouse door not looking her best, she experiences the scorn endured routinely by people living on the street

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Stories: 1) Blackwater: Private Army In The News Again 2) What's The Word? How English Evolved This Decade


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Question: Muhammad Sentenced to Death in Sniper Case

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NPR's Alex Chadwick talks with NPR's Brian Naylor about the death sentenced handed down this morning in the murder case against John Allen Muhammad, the first man tried for the Washington, D.C.-area sniper shootings.

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Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: 'Democracy For Cambodia Is At Stake' As Country Heads Into Elections

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Other than the campaign posters plastered across Cambodia's capital Phnom Penh, there's little sign that general elections are coming up this Sunday, July 29. Traffic hums along as usual. And save for the occasional car spouting ruling party propaganda through a bullhorn, there's no canvassing or active campaigning in the streets and scant open talk about the vote. "Recently, people are keeping quiet," says May Titthara, executive editor of the Khmer Times newspaper. This is in stark contrast with what happened during last year's election campaign season, when opposition rallies drew crowds across the country. These days, the only political party drawing big crowds is the Cambodian People's Party, the longtime ruling party. That's because this time, there's no real opposition to the CPP. Its leader, Prime Minister Hun Sen, has been in office for more than 30 years. After significant gains by the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) in last year's local elections, Hun Sen launched a brutal crackdown on dissidents, the media and rights organizations that he accused of trying to overthrow the government. By the end of 2017, the main opposition party had been dissolved by the Supreme Court. With only fledging parties standing in Hun Sen's way, Sunday's elections have already been declared a sham by Cambodia's main opposition politicians, rights groups and some members of the international community, who have withdrawn election funding. Human Rights Watch calls the elections "fundamentally flawed" and warns that banning the main opposition makes the "vote meaningless." It also notes that many election observers are staying away because "the electoral process is too problematic." The U.S. House of Representatives passed a measure this week calling for sanctions on the ruling party for undermining democracy and human rights. "Democracy for Cambodia is at stake," says Mu Sochua, vice president of the CNRP, reached by NPR in Portugal. She has been living in exile since she and several other opposition leaders fled the country in October, after their party's co-founder, Kem Sokha, was arrested for alleged treason. Kem now sits in jail with no timeline for a trial. From Hun Sen's perspective, voter turnout will be key since the CNRP has called for an election boycott. High turnout would be "cited as proof that the nation has come together to express support" for the ruling party, writes Astrid Norén-Nilsson with the Center for East and South-East Asian Studies at Lund University in Sweden. Low turnout, she tells NPR in an email, "would be an Achilles heel" that the opposition could use to undermine the ruling party in the future. Mu and other opposition leaders are banking on the international community not recognizing the election results. But for Hun Sen, this election is primarily about locking in his legacy, Norén-Nilsson says. "Hun Sen has led Cambodia for more than three decades, making Cambodia rise again from the ashes of the Khmer Rouge-regime ... overseeing two decades of stellar economic growth and making the country reach lower middle-income status," she says. "He wants these achievements to be his political legacy." Hun Sen's political rise  A former Khmer Rouge commander, Hun Sen was installed as Cambodia's de facto leader of the Vietnamese-backed government in 1979. He was first elected prime minister in 1985. As he jostled for power with two other strongmen into the 1990s, he became "co-prime minister" in 1993. Hun Sen launched a coup in 1997, deposing the first prime minister. The following year, Cambodians elected him again as sole prime minister on a message they craved: stability, development and economic growth. "In 1998, he managed to negotiate an end of the Khmer Rouge and bring about peace for the whole country for the first time in decades," Ou Virak, president of the Future Forum, a public policy think tank in Phnom Penh, told NPR in an email. Hun Sen also followed through on his promise to develop the country. Cambodia's economy — based largely on garment manufacturing and tourism — grew by an average 7.6 percent between 1994 and 2015 and is the world's sixth-fastest growing economy, according to the World Bank. While income inequality has risen, particularly between the ruling elites and the poorest 30 percent, Cambodia's middle class is growing, says Ou. Still, Cambodia remains poor, with a per capita GDP of $1,384 in 2017, one of the lowest in the region. Over the decades, human rights groups have accused Hun Sen's government of stamping out dissent by way of political violence, unbridled corruption, repression of free speech and almost complete control of the media. His iron-fisted rule, Ou says, has succeeded through a "wide and somewhat successful network of patronage." He also built loyalty in the armed forces and the courts. Yet he has allowed Cambodians to have some personal freedoms, says Ou, such as permission to study abroad and speak English. While always facing some restrictio


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Question: The Front Row with Betsy Ross from 91.7 WVXU

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Suzanna Gagnier, author of Putting On The Blitz: The Football Guide for Women, is in The Front Row with Betsy Ross explaining how women can better enjoy the NFL.

A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU.


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Question: We Have Let Down Customers, VW CEO Interviewed At Detroit Auto Show

Volkswagen CEO Matthias Mueller spoke to the media in the U.S. for the first time on Sunday, and characterized the auto emissions scandal enveloping his company as "technical" in nature.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Seattle School Teachers Ratify Contract Negotiated During Strike. -- How Equal Is American Opportunity? Survey Shows Attitudes Vary By Race. -- Volkswagen Stock Plummets As CEO Apologizes For Emissions Cheat.  And here are more early headlines: Body Found Near California Fire, As Dozens More Homes Burn. (AP) 1st Muslim U.S. Congressman Responds To Ben Carson On A Muslim President. (Time) E.U. Leaders To Meet As Thousands Of Migrants Reach Austria. (BBC) Apple Finds Malware In Its App Store, iPhone, iPad Targeted. (Wall Street Journal) World Rugby Rules Could Be Changed To Lower Concussions. (Telegraph) 2 Lawmakers Propose Stonewall Inn As National Monument To LGBT Rights. (Politico)


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Question: Queenan On 'Fat People'

This morning, one of my colleagues mentioned a statistic she'd heard: That for those of us over 40, every holiday season we pack on three extra pounds that we never lose -- for the rest of our lives. Now, I'm neither a statistician nor a scientist, but whether that particular figure is true or not, it's abundantly clear the potential for packing it on between Thanksgiving and New Year's is huge. It's also clear that for most of us, avoiding that weight gain is probably prudent. But stress kills too, they say, so if you find yourself obsessing unhealthily about an extra sliver of pie, maybe take a moment to savor Joe Queenan's op-ed in The Wall Street Journal, "Stop Picking on Fat People." He calls out society for believing the worst about the overweight, particularly in light of the current health care debate, and reminds readers "that carrying a few extra pounds does not necessarily make a person any less effective as an employee, a spouse, a parent or a citizen." To wit,  Where would jazz be without the seminal influence of Louis Armstrong, the greatest trumpeter of them all? And how do we know that it was not those few extra pounds that gave him the pep to belt out such crowd-pleasing numbers as "St. James Infirmary" and "Hello, Dolly"?  And to those who press on, reminding Queenan about how the obese unfairly tax the health care system?  But the very same arguments can be applied to workaholics, alcoholics or garden-variety idiots, none of whom violate any specific law by indulging in a lifestyle others deplore.  A slippery slope, he fears, so read on for Queenan's appreciation of overweight greats like Ella Fitzgerald, Honore de Balzac and Catherine the Great.

The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: 'This Is Not A Plan'

U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner unveiled his plan for saving the economy Tuesday, or maybe left it in shrouds. So say the headlines -- and yesterday's falling stock market. "The market is responding to vagueness," economist and Planet Money guest Simon Johnson told TPM Muckraker. "This is not a plan. In the annals of plan-announcing, this is very vague." After the jump, the YouTube video so many of you want to talk about. Read More >> As part of his answer to an irate caller, Rep. Paul Kanjorski of Pennsylvania describes an electronic bank run back in September. Kanjorski says the Federal Reserve told lawmakers the economy was approaching meltdown. (See also: Planet Money's own "The Week America's Economy Almost Died.")

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: What 'Clickbait' Means For The Future Of Journalism

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Do you click on a story because of the picture or do you click because of the headline? Chances are it’s the picture that is luring you into the story — and these days pictures may be getting a lot more attention than the story itself. Nikki Usher, an assistant professor at the George Washington University’s School of Media and Public Affairs calls it “clickbait”. “A headline-grabbing big photo, getting people to click, might actually be getting people, sadly, to think of the survival of journalism,” she tells Here & Now’s Jeremy Hobson. Samir Mezrahi, senior editor of BuzzFeed, also joins us to discuss clickbait and BuzzFeed’s practices. Interview Highlights: Nikki Usher and Samir Mezrahi Usher on why millennials are attracted to images over headlines “I think because they are so saturated in a torrent of information, images, social environment — all sorts of things that are competing for attention. When you’re constantly getting a stream of pictures of your friends, pictures of food, pictures of the world around you, you need to be grabbed by something unique and different if you’re going to pay attention.” Mezrahi on the importance of images for BuzzFeed “It depends on the content, but in general more people will click and share articles that have more compelling images, and, I think, if the image doesn’t catch the eye of who’s scrolling through their social networks, then people won’t want to know more about what’s going on there.” “A lot of stories these days are based around a few images or a single image. These are the more viral stories — there are news stories that are longer and more in depth. But a lot of these Facebook news stories that are very popular for a day or two and then go away are based upon one thing that happened. That image is the one thing that people want to see and that people want to share.” Usher on how clickbait journalism has changed our consumption patterns “One of the most interesting things that’s happening is that we’re getting much more accustomed to clickbait journalism, clickbait content. Because you can get morsels of things like ‘monkeys taking selfies’ so instantly, it becomes really tantalizing that you can click on that when you’re maybe bored at work or you’re sitting in class and you’ve got nothing else to do. There’s a real change in consumption because there’s more content like this available to you all of the time.” Usher on how clickbait journalism can support more traditional content “If you can get people to become immersed in a website and you grab them, you can get them to take some of the much better, sort of more substantial content. This is why BuzzFeed has such a good news operation in addition to some of its fun stuff. I think there is potential for candy, but also potential for vegetables at the same time.” Guests

Nikki Usher, assistant professor at the George Washington University’s School of Media and Public Affairs. She tweets @nikkiusher.
Samir Mezrahi, senior editor of BuzzFeed. He tweets @samir.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: COMIC: How A Teacher Tackled Pandemic Fears For His Students With Disabilities

It's been a year since teachers were handed an unprecedented request: educate students in entirely new ways amid the backdrop of a pandemic. In this comic series, we'll illustrate one educator's story each week from now until the end of the school year. Episode 8 Daven Oglesby, a special education teacher for kindergartners to fourth-graders in Nashville, Tenn., explains what a typical day in the pandemic is like for his atypical classroom.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Las Vegas Attack Update: The Ones Who Were Lost. -- FBI Hopes Paddock's Girlfriend Can Provide Insight Into Las Vegas Attack.  -- LISTEN: Amid Chaos In Las Vegas, Police Dispatches Reveal An Evolving Response. -- Nobel Prize In Chemistry Honors Views Of Human Cells Working At The Atomic Level. -- Here Are The Finalists For The 2017 National Book Awards. -- Who Will Benefit Most From GOP Tax Plan? Early Report Suggests The Wealthy.  And here are more early headlines: Scores Of Protesters Arrested In St. Louis. (St. Louis Public Radio) Alleged Russian Bitcoin Launderer To Be Extradited To U.S. (Reuters) Pro Hockey Season Opens Tonight. (AP) Pneumonic Plague Cases Increase In Madagascar. (WHO) 60th Anniversary Of Sputnik's Launch. (Sky And Telescope) Man Tries To Sneak Snakes Into Canada In His Socks. (AP)


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Question: Theater Group Challenges Audiences To Think (and Laugh) About Race

The San Francisco-based group Culture Clash started some 30 years ago at a Cinco de Mayo event with six members, eventually winnowing down to three: Richard Montoya, Ric Salinas, and Herbert Siguenza. Though they had a brief foray into television in the 1990s, Culture Clash finds its primary home in the theater. The group often skewers stereotypes of Latinos and other minorities. They also enact the stories of people they interview, including a Muslim cab driver, a survivor of priest sexual abuse, and a transgender AIDS health worker. Now Culture Clash weaves together thirty years of their work into the show “Muse & Morros” currently playing in Boston. [Youtube] Here & Now’s Robin Young speaks with Ric Salinas and Richard Montoya about the show, and about how their humor often challenges the audiences as much as it makes them laugh.
WBUR’s Artery: Culture Clash — Stirring The Melting Pot With A Latino Twist
Culture Clash at Arts Emerson

Guests

 Ric Salinas and Richard Montoya of Culture Clash. Culture Clash tweets @CultureClashOn.


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Question: News Update: War on Terrorism

Guests:

  Brian Naylor (2-way) (update on anthrax exposure cases on Capitol Hill)
 *NPR Correspondent on Capitol Hill

 Jonathan Tucker
 *Director of Chemical and Biological Non-Proliferation Program, Monterey Institute of International Studies
 *Author, Scourge: The Once and Future Threat of Smallpox (Atlantic Monthly, Sept 2001)

 Senator Hillary Clinton (talk about anthrax exposure cases in Capitol Hill)
 *Democratic Senator from New York

 Eric Westervelt (2-way)(talk about anthrax found at Gov. Pataki's office)
 *NPR Reporter in New York

 Senator Majority Leader Tom Daschle Press Conference From Capitol Hill (talk about anthrax exposure cases on Capitol Hill)

 Join Neal Conan for special coverage from Talk of the Nation. We'll bring you news events live as they happen, and talk to our reporters and analysts about the latest developments in the war on terrorism and cases of anthrax exposure in Florida, New York and Washington, from NPR News.

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: West Coast Port Dispute

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Tavis Smiley discusses the West Coast port lockout with Bill Lucy, president of the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, and Tom Edwards, a member of the Pacific Maritime Association's negotiating team.

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Salinas Valley Suspected Source of Contaminated Spinach. Santa Ana Winds Fuel Ventura County Fire. Ballot Measure Campaign Spending. Northwest States Agree to Manage Ocean Jointly. End Music.


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Question: 'Stop Snitching' Movement Confounding Criminal Justice

The "no snitch" ethic is prevalent in hip hop culture and in many urban communities. How does it impact the criminal justice system? David M. Kennedy is the director of the Center for Crime Prevention and Control and professor of anthropology at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City.

News Headlines: Nov. 20, 2007 Talk About It:New York Times (Blog): Hearing Planned on Gang Insignia on Clothing -- "Are apparel manufacturers and retailers deliberately selling sports-themed clothes with gang colors and symbols? Two white Yankee caps made by the New Era Cap Company were wrapped with red and blue bandannas -- colors associated with the Bloods and Crips -- and a black Yankee cap was embroidered with a crown, symbolic of the Latin Kings." Is this a matter of retail companies trying to stay ahead of trends, or a deliberate mass-marketing of gang culture? Nation:AP: New Orleans, State to Pay $3.4M Racial Discrimination Judgment Christian Science Monitor: Why L.A. Police Nixed Muslim Mapping Plan L.A. Times: Gap Seen in GOP Candidates' Healthcare Proposals Washington Post: For Democrats, Iowa Still Up for Grabs New York Times: Drop in Test Scores Linked to Decline in Reading World:Voice of America: Nigeria Rejects U.S. African Military Command New York Times: Baghdad Starts to Exhale as Security Improves People:Fox News: Will Smith: Scientology Is Like The Bible | Read Article L.A.Times: Donda West's Doctor Discusses Her Death AP: Judge OKs New Defendants in B.I.G. Suit Op-Ed:Jermaine Dupri: Good Album More than Just a Collection of Singles Clarence Page: Black Leaders Define Hate Crimes Too Narrowly


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Question: Some Great Festive American

Some great festive American music from Aaron Copland: We'll hear one of his most popular works, the Clarinet Concerto, written for the great Benny Goodman. Clarinetist David Shifrin joined the SummerFest Chamber Ensemble in this August 24th performance from SummerFest La Jolla '97. (Joe Kucera Recording)

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Minimum Wage, Good News / Bad News, Real Bears vs. Real Colts, Space Diaries, Last Chance for Oysters, Life of a Dealer


Question: Friday News Roundup - Domestic

On Saturday, President Donald Trump made good on his promise to shut down the government over funding for a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border. When asked how long the partial shutdown might last, he responded, “Whatever it takes.” Congress has since returned to session, but a resolution seems distant. Politico reports:  Aides in both parties say they see little reason to believe anyone is budging over the funding of President Donald Trump’s border wall. Party leaders are now gaming out how the new Democratic House will react to a shutdown affecting a quarter of the government, and there are increasing worries that the funding lapse will persist for weeks, potentially deep into January. Both the Senate and House are scheduled to be in on Thursday afternoon, but no votes are expected and it’s unclear how many lawmakers will be back in town during a holiday week. It’s possible that neither chamber will vote again until Jan. 3, when Democrats assume the House majority.  This is the third shutdown of President Trump’s presidency. Who’s affected this time? According to the president, “most of the people not getting paid are Democrats.” But many federal workers have set the record straight about the impact of shutdowns across the aisle and throughout the different branches of government.
I am a federal contractor. I get no back pay so im losing 100% of my wages. I’m the sole provider and we have toddler and a baby. I often work long hrs that I don’t bill b/c I believe in the mission. Can’t begin to express the anger and frustration… Xmas ruined!#ShutdownStories — Hurricane Potty (@HurricanePotty) December 26, 2018
My husband is active duty Coast Guard. Everyone thinks the military is getting paid during the shutdown, but the Coast Guard is facing no pay on the 1st due to being DHS and not DoD. We live in NYC, pay over $2K/month in rent, have a toddler and one on the way.#ShutdownStories — Katy⚓ (@katyjb88) December 24, 2018   But this dispute isn’t the only immigration-related issue making headlines. On Christmas Eve, 8-year-old Felipe Gómez Alonzo, a detained migrant child from Guatemala, died after doctors had diagnosed him with a common cold. He’s the second minor to die in the custody of Border Patrol this month — once again raising questions about the care of undocumented immigrants at the border. From The Washington Post:  The deaths have shaken Border Patrol agents, migrants and advocates and ignited fresh concerns that a political impasse over border security is endangering children. Federal officials called the deaths a tragedy, noting that until this month no child had died in border custody for more than a decade, and said the Department of Homeland Security is investigating. Six adults died in CBP custody in 2018, officials said.  Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen called Felipe’s death “deeply concerning and heartbreaking.” She said the agency will adopt a “series of extraordinary protective measures,” including having the CDC investigate the surge in “sick children” crossing the border. Will conditions at the border actually improve? We’ll get to all that and more on the last Friday News Roundup of 2018. Text by Kathryn Fink. GUESTS Ron Elving, Senior editor and correspondent, NPR; @nprrelving Alexandra Jaffe, Correspondent, VICE News Tonight on HBO; @ajjaffe David Priess, Chief Operating Officer of the Lawfare Institute, best known for the national security website  LawfareBlog.com; author, “How to Get Rid of a President: History’s Guide to Removing Unpopular, Unable, or Unfit Chief Executives”; Former CIA Officer; @DavidPriess For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.


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Question: Critics Say YouTube Hasn't Done Enough To Crack Down On Extremist Content

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A year ago, YouTube faced heavy criticism for not taking down extremist content. Since then, the company has revamped its algorithm and hired content moderators. But is the new formula working?

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Co-Pilot Showed 'Willingness To Destroy Aircraft', Prosecutor Says. -- Saudis Target Houthi Positions In Yemen. And here are more early headlines: U.S., Coalition Start Airstrikes Against ISIS In Tikrit. (Washington Post) Suspected Tornadoes Crash Through Oklahoma, Killing 1. (NBC) Obama To Address Proposed Rules For Payday Lenders. (Birmingham News) Ind. Gov. To Sign Religious Exemption Letting Businesses Refuse Service To Gays. (Indianapolis Star) Report: Palestinian Militants Committed War Crimes In Gaza Fight. (Amnesty International) Watchdog Says 5 Syrian Chemical Weapons Facilities To Be Destroyed By June. (AP) Flooding Washes Over Driest Region Of Chile. (Time) It's True: Zayn Malik Is Leaving British Boy Band, One Direction. (Variety)


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Question: Many Pakistani Kids Must Mix Work With School

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In Pakistan, more than 20 million children between the ages of 5 and 16 don’t attend school. One reason is the quality of many government-run schools. Another reason: they can’t easily pay for privately run schools. So for many families, that means children have to work demanding jobs in order to afford going to school for even part of the day. Laura Isensee (@lauraisensee) from Here & Now contributor Houston Public Media recently visited Pakistan and has part two of our report.

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Oct. 11 is the "International Day of the Girl" – proclaimed by the U.N. as a time to look at the challenges girls face and to promote their "empowerment" and human rights. What kind of year has it been for girls? We looked at the stories we've done over the past year, and the headlines alone captured both the tragedies and the triumphs. In many ways a horrible year for girls. But even at the bleakest moments, there are stories of hope and triumph. Here is a sampling of our stories about the world's girls: Grim news The Lament Of The Boko Haram 'Brides' 15-Year-Old Girl Found Dead In A Menstrual Hut In Nepal Outcry Over Photo Showing The Face Of A Girl Allegedly Being Raped Deep dive Video: A Heartbreaking Look At A Couple Forced To Marry As Young Teens Female Genital Mutilation: What It Does To A Woman The Billion Dollar Cost Of Child Marriage Signs of hope Day Camp With Anti-FGM Activities On The Program What A Teen Mom Wishes She'd Known Before She Got Pregnant Afghan Women Say No To The Dress Gang Rape Of Two Teens Leads To An Unusual Step – A Trial Law In Nepal Sets Penalties For Forcing A Woman Into A Menstrual Shed Inspiring figures A Promise To Her Newborn Daughter: No More FGM Former Child Bride Pedaling Her Way To A Brighter Future They Never Told Her That Girls Could Become Scientists Unexpected Heroines Of An Indian Box Office Hit: Female Wrestlers


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: The Sea Captain's Wife

Listen in to our earlier conversation with MARTHA HODES, author of "The Sea Captain's Wife: A True Story of Love, Race, and War in the Nineteenth Century." Hodes is professor of history at New York University.

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Question: Deep-Fried Fuel: A Biodiesel Kitchen Vision

Sometimes we find the stories, sometimes the stories find us. This is one of the latter. I was getting my hair cut by Gigi Brestle and asking her what she had done for the Fourth of July. She described her visit to Carl's Corner, a wild truck stop outside of Dallas, where Willie Nelson, Shooter Jennings, Leon Russell and dozens of groups had performed. Kinky Friedman was there campaigning, and every biodiesel entrepreneur known to man was sharing their wares. Truckers were filling their tanks with BioWillie, and the barbecue was good. We had always wanted to include Willie Nelson's infamous July Fourth picnic in Hidden Kitchens. Suddenly, Brestle was opening our eyes to a world we never considered. I left the beauty salon, called Nikki Silva, and a few days later The Kitchen Sisters were pulling into Carl's to get the lowdown on this hidden highway kitchen. -- Davia Nelson Filling Up on BioWillie "Without a vision, you perish." — Carl Cornelius, Carl's Corner Truck Stop, Carl's Corner, Texas  Carl's Corner, Texas, is a truck stop between Dallas and Waco, Texas, where a little revolution has begun. Where truckers fill up on American fuel made from farm crops. BioWillie, they call it, because Willie Nelson is the driving force behind this biodiesel vision. His tour bus runs on it, (so do Bonnie Raitt's and Neil Young's) and a brigade of 18-wheelers barreling down the nation's highways; a growing fleet of semis whose exhaust smells like French fries. With its dancing frogs on top of the truck-stop sign, Carl's is a well-known landmark for motorists who travel Interstate 35 outside of Dallas. Owner Carl Cornelius bought the land in 1979 and incorporated the town in 1986 so he could sell alcohol in an otherwise dry part of Hill County. He's been mayor ever since. Willie Nelson, a longtime friend of Carl's, sparked the idea of converting Carl's gas pumps to biodiesel. (The singer's wife, Annie, put a bug in his head after she saw some biodiesel cars in Maui.) Willie — an advocate for reducing America's dependence on foreign oil, putting the family farmer back to work and cleaning up the environment — partnered with Carl, Earth BioFuels, and Distribution Drive in 2004 and created the Willie Nelson Biodiesel Company. Carl's Corner became the first truck stop in the nation to sell BioWillie. Recently the company broke ground for a biodiesel production facility on the land behind the truck stop that will have a capacity to refine 8,000 gallons of fuel a day. "The idea is for a community-based facility," Nelson says. "This is important because we're starting wars over oil. This will help truckers and small-time farmers that we've neglected for too long." In Hawaii, Pacific Biodiesel has been converting used cooking oil from restaurants and hotels into a fuel, producing 10,000 gallons a month. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, its most recent client, is switching park vehicles to biodiesel as part of a U.S. Department of Energy program. And in Houston, Chris Powers, founder of Houston Biodiesel, produces fine-grade biodiesel. He advises, educates, assists, and "takes the mystery out of using biodiesel" by offering homebrew biodiesel classes for alternative-energy enthusiasts. You only need to spend a little time on the Web to find a host of like-minded people pursuing their desire to clean up our environment and lessen dependence on fossil fuels and foreign oil. Along the Road "If the farmers and the truckers get on board in a big way, the soccer moms won't be far behind." — Kinky Friedman  Kinky Friedman is a self-described "compassionate redneck," guitar player, songwriter, mystery writer, entertainer and leader of the band Kinky Friedman and the Texas Jew Boys. He has recorded 10 albums, and written 26 books including The Love Song of J. Edgar Hoover and Kill Two Birds and Get Stoned. His latest stint: political candidate, running for governor of Texas. "Why the hell not?" and "The last independent governor of Texas was Sam Houston. The next will be Kinky Friedman" are just a few of his ear-catching campaign slogans. Friedman calls Willie Nelson "the hillbilly Dalai Lama," and has drawn a lot of inspiration from Nelson about his positions on biodiesel and renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind farms. Friedman's newly unveiled energy plan for Texas aims to reverse the state's position as a net importer of energy by expanding existing development of renewable energies while improving conventional power generation. If elected, he plans to fuel the fleet of 35,000 Texas school buses with biodiesel and to appoint Nelson as "chief energy Texas head." Friedman has a lot of big and wild ideas, including using food to raise funds to fuel his visions. He started an olive oil company while stuck in a limo with his friend Farouk Shami, a Palestinian hairdresser who pioneered the Chi Iron. Farouk & Friedman Olive Oil, "Oil from the Holy Land," is a collaborative effort with proceeds donated to Oasis of Peace, a char

Stories: 1) Overloaded Sewers Lead To 'Toxic Waters' 2) A Cross-Cultural Collaboration, Revisited


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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

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Question: GOP Tries New Delaying Tactic On Health Care

Senators began debating the final piece of the landmark health care package Wednesday, with Republicans hoping to push Democrats into a quagmire of embarrassing votes over changes to the overhaul. Lawmakers are expected to hold an afternoon vote on a laundry list of Republican amendments that could be awkward for Democrats to oppose — including a proposal by Sen. Tom Coburn (R-OK) to prohibit coverage of Viagra for sex offenders. The package of amendments sought by House lawmakers needs only a simple Senate majority to become law. But if Republicans manage to change anything in the bill, it would have to go back to the House for another vote. Other modifications to the new health care law include scaling back a tax on high-cost insurance plans opposed by labor unions, closing the coverage gap in the Medicare prescription benefits, and higher taxes on upper-income earners. Senate Democrats were hoping to finish work on the bill this week — right before Congress is scheduled for a two-week recess. They hope to use a procedure called budget reconciliation to quickly pass the changes to the plan that President Obama signed into law Tuesday. Reconciliation would allow the Senate to pass the modifications bill with 51 votes instead of a 60-vote supermajority. But Republicans remained defiant. Rep. Mike Pence (R-IN) vowed that his Senate colleagues would use every possible approach to derail the bill. "It wasn't so much that a Republican minority lost on Sunday night. The American people lost — but this fight is not over," he said. Some Republican amendments include changes already approved by Democrats and signed into law by the president. Sen. Judd Gregg (R-NH) wants savings from Medicare cuts plowed back into the health care program for seniors, instead of being used to expand coverage to the uninsured. Sen. Mike Enzi (R-WY) wants to gut penalties on employers whose workers get taxpayer-subsidized coverage. Republicans are pursuing other avenues to derail the overhaul law. Attorneys general in 13 states have announced that they'll file a federal lawsuit challenging the new law. Florida Attorney General Bill McCollum filed the lawsuit against the Departments of Health and Human Services, Treasury and Labor, saying it is unconstitutional to require Americans to buy health insurance. "This law represents an unprecedented encroachment on the liberty of the American people, and I will pursue this litigation to the highest court if necessary," McCollum said. In addition, the GOP is looking ahead to November. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) promised that the fight against the health care overhaul would be a key election issue.  "The slogan will be repeal and replace, repeal and replace," McConnell said. Under Senate rules, lawmakers will debate the reconciliation bill for 20 hours before holding a vote. The process could begin as soon as Wednesday evening.  The bill includes:  -- A $250 rebate for seniors who fall into the "doughnut hole" gap for Medicare prescription medications this year. It would close the gap by 2020. -- An additional $60 billion cut from Medicare. -- A delay on a tax on high-cost insurance policies until 2018. -- The elimination of a special deal giving Nebraska 100 percent federal financing for newly eligible Medicaid recipients.  Senate Democrats have said the bill will pass, but it's less certain if changes will be made. If it passes as written, the bill will go straight to the president for his signature. But House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) has warned members in her chamber that they could be needed to vote on any change. White House press secretary Robert Gibbs said the Republican amendments are intended to be a political distraction. At an afternoon briefing, Gibbs said worthwhile changes not in the current bill can be addressed later on through the regular legislative process. "I think it's pretty clear that there's a lot of game-playing going on," Gibbs said.  Meanwhile, Obama signed an executive order Wednesday that reaffirms existing laws against federal funding for abortions, except in cases of rape or incest or when the woman's life is in danger.  Obama agreed to issue the order last weekend to win the votes of a bloc of anti-abortion Democrats and push the overhaul legislation through the House. The order was potentially awkward for Obama, who supports abortion rights, but his spokesman said the president has maintained that the health care overhaul should not stray into other issues. Material from The Associated Press was used in this report

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Trump Tweets Justice Ginsburg's 'Mind Is Shot,' Calls On Her To Resign

Donald Trump is firing back at Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg after she disparaged him in several media interviews. He tweeted late Tuesday that she "has embarrassed all" with her "very dumb political statements" about the candidate. Trump ended his tweet with "Her mind is shot - resign!": The New York Times ran an editorial Wednesday siding with Trump, saying he is "right" about Ginsburg and that "Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg needs to drop the political punditry and name-calling." Especially because it is an election year and the next president could affect the balance of the court, the Times writes, it is "vital that the court remain outside the presidential process." Ginsburg had called Trump "a faker" with an "ego" in an interview with CNN. "He has no consistency about him. He says whatever comes into his head at the moment," she said. "At first I thought it was funny," she continued, "to think that there's a possibility that he could be president." She also criticized the candidate for getting free publicity and not turning over his tax returns. Late last week, she told the Times: "I don't even want to contemplate" four years of a Trump presidency and the effect it could have on the high court. And to The Associated Press, Ginsburg said, "It's likely that the next president, whoever she will be, will have a few appointments to make," Ginsburg said, a clear nod to presumptive Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton. The AP noted that Ginsburg smiled as she made that comment. Trump responded earlier Tuesday to the Times in a phone interview, calling Ginsburg's comments and involvement in a political campaign "highly inappropriate" and "a disgrace to the court." He also said her making such comments "only energizes my base more." Ginsburg isn't the first justice to wade into politics, but it is unusual for a Supreme Court justice to so directly criticize presidential candidates. Critics of Ginsburg point out that the court could easily find itself weighing in on the presidential race in an official capacity — as it had to in the 2000 race between George W. Bush and Al Gore.

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Question:
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The query could be '['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Twisters Cut Deadly Path Across Plains and South']' and should be close to '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Tornadoes ripped through parts of Oklahoma, Missouri Georgia and many other states over the weekend, killing nearly two dozen and injuring hundreds more. Weather forecasters say this year could be the worst tornado season in 10 years.']' but very far from '['represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on npr', "Good morning, here are our early stories: -- In China, Obama Touts Visa Deal, Progress On Free-Trade Pact. -- Bombing At Nigerian High School Kills Dozens. -- Will Jeb Bush Run For President? His Brother Says Maybe. -- Study: Detergent Pods Can Harm Children Who Play With Them. And here are more early headlines: Chinese, Japanese Leaders Meet In Ice-Breaking Talks. (Wall Street Journal) Frigid Weather Plunging South Into U.S., Brings Sub-Normal Temps. (USA Today) 3 Astronauts Return Safely From International Space Station. (CBS) Talks Extended Into Monday For Iran's Nuclear Program. (Reuters) Bombings In Afghanistan Kill Afghan Security Officers. (VOA) Survey Finds Regular Gas Prices Down 13 Cents In Last 2 Weeks. (AP)"]'

Question: Book Excerpt: 'A Death in Belmont'

ONE One morning in the fall of 1962, when I was not yet one year old, my mother, Ellen, looked out the window and saw two men in our front yard. One was in his thirties and the other was at least twice that, and they were both dressed in work clothes and seemed very interested in the place where we lived. My mother picked me up and walked outside to see what they wanted. They turned out to be carpenters who had stopped to look at our house because one of them -- the older man -- had built it. He said his name was Floyd Wiggins and that twenty years earlier he'd built our house in sections up in Maine and then brought them down by truck. He said he assembled it on-site in a single day. We lived in a placid little suburb of Boston called Belmont, and my parents had always thought that our house looked a little out of place. It had an offset salt-box roof and blue clapboard siding and stingy little sash windows that were good for conserving heat. Now it made sense: The house had been built by an old Maine carpenter who must have designed it after the farmhouses he saw all around him. Wiggins now lived outside Boston and worked for the younger man, who introduced himself as Russ Blomerth. He had a painting job around the corner, Blomerth said, and that was why they were in the neighborhood. My mother said that the house was wonderful but too small and that she and my father were taking bids from contractors to build a studio addition out back. She was an artist, she explained, and the studio would allow her to paint and give drawing classes at home while keeping an eye on me. Would they be interested in the job? Blomerth said that he would be, so my mother put me in his arms and ran inside to get a copy of the architectural plans. Blomerth's bid was the low one, as it turned out, and within a few weeks he, Wiggins, and a younger man named Al were in the backyard laying the foundation for my mother's studio. Some days all three men showed up, some days it was Blomerth and Wiggins, some days it was just Al. Around eight o'clock in the morning my mother would hear the bulkhead door slam, and then she'd hear footsteps in the basement as Al got his tools, and then a few minutes later she'd watch him cross the backyard to start work. Al never went into the main part of the house, but sometimes my mother would bring a sandwich out to the studio and keep him company while he ate lunch. Al talked a lot about his children and his German wife. Al had served with the American forces in postwar Germany and been the middleweight champion of the American army in Europe. Al was polite and deferential to my mother and worked hard without saying much. Al had dark hair and a powerful build and a prominent beak of a nose and was not, my mother says, an unhandsome man. My mother was born in Canton, Ohio, the year of the stock market crash to a nightclub and amusement park owner named Carl Sinclair and his wife, Marjorie. Canton was a conservative little city that could be stifling to a woman who wanted more than a husband and children -- which, as it turned out, my mother did. She wanted to be an artist. At eighteen she moved to Boston, went to art school, and then rented a studio and started to paint. Her parents looked on with alarm. Young women of her generation did not pass up marriage for art, and that was exactly what my mother seemed to be doing. A few years went by and she hadn't married, and a decade went by and she still hadn't married, and by the time she met my father, Miguel, in the bar of the Ritz Hotel her parents had all but given up. When my mother finally got married at age twenty-nine it was welcome news, but my father could not have been exactly what her parents had envisioned. The son of a Russian-born journalist who wrote in French, and a beautiful Austrian socialite, he had come to the United States during the war to escape the Nazis and study physics at Harvard. He spoke five languages, he could recite the names of most of the Roman emperors, and he had no idea how the game of baseball was played. He also had made it to age thirty-seven without getting married, which alarmed any number of my mother's female friends. Against their advice she eloped with him to San Francisco, and they were married by a judge at the city hall. A year later my mother got pregnant with me, and they bought a house in a pretty little suburb called Belmont. The studio they built, when it was finally finished, had a high cement foundation set into a slight hill and end walls of fir planks with a steep-pitched shingle roof that came down almost to the ground. There was a Plexiglas skylight at the roof peak that poured light onto the tile floors, and there was a raised flagstone landing that my mother populated with large plants. The job was completed in the spring of 1963; by then Blomerth and Wiggins had moved on to other work, and Al was left by himself to finish up the last details and paint the trim. On one of those last days of t

Stories: 1) William F. Buckley, Irrepressible Conservative 2) 'Passing Strange,' a Musical With a Rock Swagger 3) Reviewed: A Biography of the 'Queen of Trumpet'


Question:
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E.g. "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Sharon Corruption Probe Ends with No Charges']" == "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Israel's attorney general says he won't indict Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and his son for allegedly receiving bribes from a developer due to lack of evidence. The decision lifts a cloud of suspicion around Sharon. Hear NPR's Peter Kenyon."]" != "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', "Good afternoon. Sorry for being late in our daily roundup. Here's what has been happening so far today: -- Search For Missing Jet Focuses On Objects Seen Off Australia -- Ukrainian Troops' Departure From Crimea Isn't A Simple Matter -- U.S. Adds To Sanctions On Russian Officials -- Westboro Baptist Church Founder Rev. Fred Phelps Sr. Dies -- Reprimand, $20K Fine, No Jail Time For General's Misconduct -- Jobless Claims Stay Toward Lower End Of Recent Range -- Book News: Meg Wolitzer To Publish A YA Novel Inspired By Sylvia Plath"]"

Question: Later This Hour We'll Hear

Later this hour we'll hear a report on the changing of the guard in Philadelphia as a new sound emerges from the orchestra under conductor Wolfgang Sawallisch (sah-VAHL-lish), but first let's hear the familiar sound created in the 50s by conductor Eugene Ormandy. He leads the Philadelphia Orchestra in two Hungarian Dances by Johannes Brahms, arranged by AnTonin Dvorak: No. 19 in B minor and No. 20 in E minor. (Sony Classical SBK 46534)

Stories: 1) Peter Sagal, Exploring 'Vice' So We Don't Have To 2) A Chorus of Movie Musicals Reprised on DVD


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: Analysis: Future of Private Space Missions

NPR's Melissa Block talks with former NASA historian Alex Roland of Duke University about the significance of the first privately-financed manned space launch. Roland says it won't lead to anything or affect what NASA does. It's just an interesting stunt with no imaginable commercial payoff.

UC Regents Discuss Executive Pay. Ballot Measure to Crack Down on Sex Offenders. End Music.


Question:
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E.g. "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details:', 'Friday News Roundup - Domestic']" == "['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth\n\n------\n\nFor example, MARIAN MCPARTLAND, JAZZ LEGEND AND HOST OF \'PIANO JAZZ,\' HAS DIED AT THE AGE OF 95 Jazz legend Marian McPartland, who hosted the eponymous Marian McPartland\'s Piano Jazz on NPR for three decades, died peacefully Tuesday night at her home on Long Island, NY. She was 95. Shari Hutchinson, executive producer of Piano Jazz, said: "Marian was of course the brilliant artist and beloved icon of public radio. I was able to work closely with one of the strongest, most successful, vital, creative women of her time, someone who overcame every obstacle and who pushed through every glass ceiling. I am deeply saddened at her passing, and at the same time profoundly joyful she let me into her life." NPR Music and South Carolina ETV Radio, which produces Piano Jazz, are remembering McPartland today on air and online. An obituary is airing now on Morning Edition, and NPR Music offers a gallery with 30 favorite moments from the show and the entire Piano Jazz catalogue. Resources for media – including high-res photos and full bio materials – are listed below. "Every week for 34 years, Marian seduced her guests and her audience with her tremendous wit, compassion and musicianship," says Anya Grundmann, executive producer and editorial director of NPR Music. "Piano Jazz was a gateway to unforgettable intimate moments between musicians who were at the top of their field, cared deeply about their craft and embodied the history of this great American art form. Her legacy of programs is an American cultural treasure and a guiding light for public radio\'s continuing and expanding celebration of jazz and the artists who create it." Born Margaret Marian Turner in 1918 in Windsor, England, McPartland began to teach herself Chopin waltzes on the piano by ear when she was three years old. She later pursued classical training before joining a four-piano vaudeville act, traveling throughout Europe during World War II to entertain the Allied troops. It was on tour where she met and began to perform with her future husband, famed Chicago cornetist Jimmy McPartland. In the U.S. after the war, McPartland formed her own trio and turned a two week stint at the renowned New York City nightclub Hickory House into an eight-year residency. The club became a gathering place for jazz colleagues such as Oscar Peterson, Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington. She later founded her own label, Halcyon Records; her compositions were recorded by the likes of Tony Bennett and Peggy Lee. As the host of Marian McPartland\'s Piano Jazz, an NPR program pairing conversation and duet performances, she reached an audience of millions, connecting with jazz fans and the curious alike. She interviewed, laughed and played duets with practically every major jazz musician of the post-World War II era, from Dizzy Gillespie, Willie Nelson and Elvis Costello, to Tony Bennett, Dave Brubeck and Alicia Keys. McPartland hosted the program from its inception in 1979 until 2011. In 2000, McPartland was named an NEA Jazz Master by the National Endowment for the Arts; in 2004, she was awarded a Trustee\'s Award Grammy for Lifetime Achievement; and in 2007, the Kennedy Center named McPartland a Living Jazz Legend. She has received honorary degrees from Hamilton, Union and Bates Colleges, Bowling Green University, and the University of South Carolina.  MEDIA RESOURCES Resources for media covering the news of McPartland\'s death are below. Media may use up to sixty (60) seconds of archival audio from Piano Jazz, or from NPR\'s remembrances of McPartland, credited to NPR Music. NPR Music Obituary for Marian McPartlandMarian McPartland Biography30 Years of Marian McPartland\'s Piano JazzMarian McPartland\'s Piano Jazz Further print and video materials for journalists are available at: http://scetv.org/index.php/marian_mcpartland. All materials must be credited to the organization from which they came, SCETV Radio or NPR Music.  Contact NPR Media Relations: Anna ChristopherEmail: mediarelations (at) npr.org should be similar to Marian McPartland, \'Piano Jazz\' Host, Has Died', 'Over the weekend, mass shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, reignited debates that surface each time the nation reels from such atrocities: about gun control, about mental health, about domestic terrorism. We took your calls and heard your concerns. We talked about the threat of white supremacy. And we analyzed the media’s role in covering extremist ideology. One listener, Sandy from Houston, called in and said she ran errands with her daughter Monday morning and told her she was nervous to go into a Walmart, where the El Paso shooting took place. Her high school-aged daughter responded: “Try having to go to school.” Thanks to those who shared with us. Please keep sharing as we continue to cover these tragedies. We’re also following another spate of violence from the weekend that got much less attention. In Chicago, seven people were killed and at least 55 were wounded by gunfire between Friday evening and Monday morning — the city’s worst weekend of gun violence this year. Here’s more from The Chicago Tribune:  The toll is slightly higher than the first weekend in June, when 52 people were shot, eight of them fatally. So far this year, at least 1,600 people have been shot in Chicago. There have been at least 300 homicides, according to data kept by the Chicago Tribune. Both numbers are below last year. As it has done repeatedly, the department blamed the burst of weekend violence on the availability of guns and what it sees as inadequate punishment for people arrested on weapons charges.  Why did the Chicago shootings get so little national coverage? We also bring you the latest on the administration’s immigration policy. This week, ICE officials raided work sites across the state of Mississippi, arresting nearly 700 people the agency says are undocumented immigrants. Officials called it the largest immigration enforcement action to be conducted in a single state. Plus, we cover Puerto Rico’s new governor, the release of Cyntoia Brown and the 2020 race from the Iowa State Fair. Text by Kathryn Fink. GUESTS Maria Hinojosa, Anchor and executive producer, NPR’s Latino USA; @Maria_Hinojosa Daniel Newhauser, Senior political reporter, Vice News; @dnewhauser Matthew Continetti, Editor-in-chief, The Washington Free Beacon Reid Wilson, National correspondent, The Hill; author, “Epidemic: Ebola and the Global Scramble to Prevent the Next Killer Outbreak”;  @PoliticsReid For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.']" != "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.']"

Question: Poverty: 'We Need To Talk About It As It Is, Not As It Was'

Finally today, I'd like to end the program where we started: talking about poverty. We, like a lot of other people in the news business have been talking about poverty a lot this week and last. We're doing this because we have something called a news peg — which is a fancy word for a reason to talk about something we want to talk about anyway. And that news peg is the 50th anniversary of President Lyndon Johnson's first State of the Union address, when he said this: "This administration today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America." What followed was a major package of social programs, what a writer for the Pew Research Center called the most ambitious domestic policy initiative since the Great Depression. And the great argument this week has been about whether it brought the poverty rate down, and if so, did it bring it down enough? Did it save poor people or did it just trap them? And was there really ever a war, or was it just a skirmish — a halfhearted attempt that got lost in a swirl of other priorities, including the war fought with bullets and bombs? Can I just tell you? I think we should talk about poverty. And yes, I am biased because – hello, talk show host here - as a general rule, I think we should talk about all things that matter. As a crusty old police sergeant once told a subordinate who wanted to withhold information from a reporter, "Give the kid what he wants. Not talking about it doesn't make it unhappen." I think we should talk about poverty because poverty is still with us. So I think we should talk about it until it isn't. But I also think what we also suffer from is a poverty of words, of ideas, and of imagination. The circumstances of poverty have changed in this country in a way that most of us, if we look, can see for ourselves. But the way we talk about it has not. It seems that we are stuck in tropes from back in the day: the drug dealing layabout bum who just wants to make babies but doesn't want to work, the welfare queen, the noble striver who can't get a break. Those might be partially true, or half true, or never true — but in any case, the world has changed. What I notice is that the labels we so often use often don't match up to what we see right in front of our faces. Today, far fewer elderly people are poor, but many more people of working age are. Far fewer black people are poor, but many more Latinos are. Far fewer married couples with children are poor, but many more poor families are headed by single mothers. We live in an age when poor people can have a computer, a refrigerator, and air conditioning, but still have no hope. We're in a world where you can deliver a paycheck across the world with the push of a button; where people cross centuries in the span of a plane ride; where a girl in a poor African village powered by generators can be a world class chess champion, but a boy living in a high rise in the heart of a rich American city can feel he has no place to go. We need to catch up. We need to talk about poverty, but we need to talk about it as it is, not as it was. Because poverty is still with us and it's not going away, unless we talk about it. MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:  Finally today, I'd like to end the program where we started, talking about poverty. We, like a lot of other people in the news business, have been talking about poverty a lot this week and last. We're doing this because we have something called a news peg, which is a fancy word for a reason to talk about something we want to talk about anyway. That news peg is the 50th anniversary of President Lyndon Johnson's first State of the Union address when he said this. (SOUNDBITE OF SPEECH) PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON: This administration, today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America. MARTIN: What followed was a major package of social programs, what a writer for the Pew Research Center called the most ambitious domestic policy initiative since the Great Depression. And the great argument this week has been about whether it brought the poverty rate down, and if so, did it bring it down enough? Did it save poor people, or did it just trap them? And was there ever really a war? Or was it just a skirmish, a halfhearted attempt that got lost in a swirl of other priorities, including war fought with bullets and bombs? Can I just tell you I think we should talk about poverty? And, yes, I am biased because - hello - talk show host here. As a general rule, I think we should talk about all things that matter. As a crusty old police sergeant once told a subordinate who wanted to withhold information from a reporter, give the kid what he wants. Not talking about it doesn't make it  unhappen. I think we should talk about poverty because poverty is still with us. So I think we should talk about it until it isn't. But I also think what we suffer from is a poverty of words, of ideas and of imagination. The circumstances of poverty have changed in this country in a way

Stories: 1) 'Brain Bugs': Cognitive Flaws That 'Shape Our Lives' 2) What It Means To Be 'Always On' A Smartphone 3) 'Turn Of Mind': The Haunted House Is In Your Head


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Question: 'Cessation Of Hostilities' Scheduled To Begin In Syria

A "cessation of hostilities" has come into effect in Syria at midnight local time (5 p.m. EST). The temporary pause in fighting was brokered by the U.S. and Russia, and is meant to be a confidence-building measure to jump-start peace talks between the warring parties. It includes the Syrian government and the main opposition bloc. But it remains to be seen whether the "cessation" will have a tangible impact on the fighting that has raged in Syria for 5 years now. NPR's Alice Fordham says "it is still not clear whether the various sides agree on the specific terms of where fighting should or should not continue, leaving many among the opposition skeptical that the truce will have any effect." Part of the reason for that skepticism: the deal doesn't include ISIS (which controls major portions of Syria) and the al-Qaida-linked group Jabhat al-Nusra. It allows continued strikes against "terrorists"--but as we've reported, the parties involved in the conflict have different definitions of just who is a "terrorist." And as Alice reports:  "Rebel leaders tell NPR they fear Russia, which is backing the Syrian regime, will keep striking their positions under the claim that it is attacking an al-Qaida-linked group – Jabhat al-Nusra – that is not included in the deal. It has done so in the past." "Also, a bloc of rebel groups has warned the U.N. and world powers that the agreement does not include any mechanism for stopping the regime or Russia from attacking mainstream opposition groups in the name of fighting terror."  U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov originally announced in mid-Feb. that they agreed to push for this "cessation of hostilities." It happened in Munich at a meeting of the International Syria Support group, which includes some 20 countries with an interest in the Syrian conflict. In the hours leading up to the scheduled pause in fighting, airstrikes continued to target rebel positions in the Damascus suburbs and near Aleppo, The Associated Press reported. A spokesman for the U.N. secretary-general told AP that there was "an increase in military activity across the board." "It's tragic but unfortunately not surprising," Stephane Dujarric told the wire service. "The only thing that is required is for people to take their fingers off the trigger." We'll keep you updated about whether the "cessation of hostilities" holds.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- 6 Headlines That Tell The Story Of The Iowa Caucus Results. -- Teens Arrested In Mass Shooting At Seattle Homeless Camp. -- Groundhog Day 2016: Punxsutawney Phil Did Not See His Shadow. And here are more early headlines:  Obama, Speaker Ryan To Meet For Lunch, Discussion. (The Hill) Shuttle Diplomacy As Syrian Peace Talks Open. (New York Times) Syria Agrees "In Principle" To Allow Aid Into 3 Towns. (VOA) Heavy Winter Storm, Blizzard Conditions Moving Into Central U.S. (NWS) U.S. Airstrikes Destroy ISIS Radio Station In Eastern Afghanistan. (AP) Occupation Supporters Meet Angry Residents In Burns, Oregon Protest. (OPB) Puerto Rico Seeks Bond Restructuring To Ease Economic Crisis. (AP)


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Question: Dee Dee Bridgewater: Fearless And Free

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When Dee Dee Bridgewater learned that she would become a 2017 NEA Jazz Master, a succession of thoughts and feelings flooded her mind. The news came as a total shock, as she tells it: "It was so far out of my orbit and just my whole sphere of thinking," she said in a conversation at NPR this spring, hours before she formally received her award. She's 66 — far from retirement age in jazz, and on the extreme forward edge of the NEA Jazz Masters demographic. So she was aware of her relative youth in the field. She also recognized that there haven't been many women in the ranks of NEA Jazz Masters: fewer than 20, out of 145. That idea led her to reflect on her predecessors: legendary singers like Betty Carter, who was inducted back in 1992, and Abbey Lincoln, who received the nod in 2003. Bridgewater sought inspiration and counsel from both Carter and Lincoln, as she recalls in this episode of Jazz Night, which features music recorded during the season opener for Jazz at Lincoln Center. On a program called "Songs of Freedom," organized by drummer Ulysses Owens, Jr., Bridgewater sang material associated with Lincoln as well as Nina Simone: furious anthems of the civil rights movement, like "Driva Man" and "Mississippi Goddam," both potent and relevant today. A separate concert, "Songs We Love," found Bridgewater singing less politically charged (but still gripping) fare like "St. James Infirmary," which appears on her most recent album, Dee Dee's Feathers. She worked with a different group of musicians on that evening, but still leaned on younger talent — a reminder of the role that she herself has embraced, as a mentor in the music. In words as well as music, this episode reveals how seriously Bridgewater takes that responsibility, seeing as how it connects to her own experience in the jazz lineage. But maybe "seriously" isn't the right word when it comes to Dee Dee, whose effervescence shines through even in a reflective mood. Join her here for a while; she's excellent company, no more or less so now that mastery is officially a part of her résumé.

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A Grand Tradition, Bill Frisell Interview, Hope Come True, Portrait of Madame X, Gallery Talk - Watercolors, Conscious Choice Cinema


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Question: NPR Online Gift Form

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Question: Apple Sells 9 Million New iPhones In Opening Weekend

Sales of its new iPhone 5s and 5c models have surpassed other iPhone releases and exceeded initial supply, Apple says. The company says it has sold 9 million of the phones since their launch on Friday and that "many online orders" will ship in coming weeks. "This is our best iPhone launch yet — more than nine million new iPhones sold — a new record for first weekend sales," Apple CEO Tim Cook said in a Monday press release. He added that "while we've sold out of our initial supply of iPhone 5s, stores continue to receive new iPhone shipments regularly." As Apple notes, the phones went on sale Friday in the United States as well as in many parts of Europe and Asia, including China. That was a departure from previous releases, in which American consumers were able to buy their smartphones weeks or even months ahead of the international market. The news led Apple to brighten its own predictions for sales in the current financial quarter, which ends this month. As Reuters reports:  "Apple tweaked its financial forecast to reflect the higher sales, an unusual move for the company. It said revenue in the fiscal fourth quarter would be near the high end of its previous forecast of $34 billion to $37 billion."  Analysis of recent U.S. cellphone activation data reveals that sales of the more expensive iPhone 5s are outpacing those of the 5c, which was introduced as a more affordable option. That's according to CNET, which cites the research firm Localytics.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Protests, Clashes Build Again In Cairo. -- Deal Reached On Greek Debt, Markets Rise In Relief. -- Arafat's Grave Opened, Samples Taken To Be Tested For Poison. Other stories making news: -- "Fiscal Cliff Compromise: Devil Is In The Definition Of Revenue." (It's All Politics) -- Fiscal Cliff Talks "Accelerate." (The Washington Post) -- Bangladesh Factory Fire That Killed More Than 100 "Was Deliberately Set, Officials Believe." (The Guardian) -- "North Korea Suspected Of Planning Rocket Test." (The New York Times) -- Sandy-related Damage In New York And New Jersey Topped $60 Billion, Governors Say. (The Associated Press) -- Dr. Joseph Murray, Who Performed First Successful Kidney Transplant And Won A Nobel Prize, Has Died. (The Associated Press) -- Powerball Jackpot At Record $425 Million — And Growing — Ahead Of Wednesday Drawing. (ABC News)


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Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

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Question: For Film's Creators, 'Moonlight' Provided Space To Explore A Painful Past

Filmmaker Barry Jenkins and playwright Tarell McCraney grew up just blocks away from each other in the same housing project in Miami's Liberty City neighborhood. They went to the same elementary school at the same time, but they did not meet until they were adults, when Jenkins contacted McCraney about adapting his play, In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue, to the screen. Jenkins tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross that he was drawn to McCraney's main character, a young African-American boy named Chiron who lives in a Miami housing project with his mother, who is addicted to crack. "I saw myself in this character," Jenkins says. "Tarell did this great job of creating a character who, over the course of the years, kind of retreats, retracts within himself, to escape the world around him." Jenkins and McCraney went on to collaborate on the new film Moonlight, which tells the story of Chiron's life and the bullying he endures for being effeminate. Though the movie is a work of fiction, it draws on its creators own childhood experiences. Both men grew up in poverty with mothers who were addicted to drugs. "There were times when we were without food and the lights got turned off often," McCraney says. "If I did get money from an aunt or a grandmother or whoever, more often than not my mom would find a way to take it or talk me out of it, or sometimes the TV would disappear, or sometimes the furniture would disappear." For his part, Jenkins credits McCraney for helping him address the hardships he faced as a child by giving him the opportunity to put it in his work. "The beauty of working with Tarell and knowing Tarell is he has provided the space for me to ... be open and honest about some of these things," says Jenkins. He's grateful to McCraney for helping him "feel whole."  Interview Highlights On a drug dealer named Blue who became a father figure to McCraney  Tarell McCraney: The drug dealer who was in my life was a man named Blue, who was dating my mother at the time, and sort of came into my life when I was 5 or 6 years old and was very affectionate to me, very kind to me, very generous to me in a way that I hadn't quite experienced with many male figures, including my own father at the time. I just remember at some point thinking, He treats me like I'm his son, regardless of the fact that I don't share any of his blood. I did know that he was a drug dealer, and I did know that my mom did drugs. Those conversations were had, but not as eloquently as Barry made them happen [in the film]. ... On the impact that Blue's sudden death had on him McCraney: I came home from a weekend, I actually think it was my birthday weekend, I had gone away to my biological father's aunt's house and I came home and my mom said, "Blue's dead and he's not coming back anymore." He had been shot and killed over the weekend ... by we assume rival drug members in the neighborhood. ... I just remember feeling like, I need to start counting now. I need to pay attention now, because when I go away, things will go away. When I stop looking, when I stop paying attention the things that I care about, the things that are good to me will disappear. ... I think that fear sort of stayed with me and stays with me. I didn't write the original script [for the play] In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue until my mother passed away in 2003. She died of AIDS-related complications. ... I graduated from undergrad and she died the next month ... All throughout undergrad I felt like I should've been there at her bedside instead of in school. And so it found its way in my work often. Most of my plays talk about it and certainly this film did. On the way Chiron is bullied in the film, and the way it relates to McCraney's own childhood  McCraney: It took me a long time to figure out what gay meant to me. Even to this day I have to qualify people, because ... gay to them in their sort of heteronormative thinking of it is means that I only engage in sexual acts with men, and to me gay means being in an intimate, loving relationship with a person of the same gender to me. It took me a long time to come to that, because I didn't really actually understand that and I couldn't understand why people were calling me gay, I certainly had an attraction to women, still have an attraction to women, but what they did see me do or what they could see in me is that I was more graceful than the other boys. I was less rough and tumble. I wanted to go to ballet class, I liked spinning around in circles. I crossed my legs when I sat down. I didn't walk like I had just gotten off of a horse. Those things were things that they saw in me instantly. On being quiet and inhibited as kids  Jenkins: I was a super, super quiet kid. Growing up the way I did, I was raised by a woman who took my mom off the street when she was pregnant with my sister and there's a certain kind of love that was implicit in that, because I was no blood relation to this woman, and yet she allowed me to stay in her h

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Stories: 1) Nick Cave: A Dark, Intricate Songwriter 2) Cranston Cooks Up Emmy Gold In 'Breaking Bad' 3) Spike Lee's Epic Canvas, Painted With Broad Strokes


Question:
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For example, '['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth!', 'Watch ads, download free songs']' should have a representation like '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR:', 'Universal Music Group will offer free song downloads on the new SprialFrog service.  Users have to watch ads.']' but very far from '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth.', 'Download concerts, hear recaps recorded on no sleep and see photos and video from the music festival in Austin, Texas.']'.

Question: From A Concert Last Month

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From a concert last month at the Musicorda Festival, violinist Masuko Ushioda and pianist Michael Adcock play a pair of Tchaikovsky miniatures: the Serenade melancolique and Valse-Scherzo. (Harrison Digital Audio)

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Question: 5 Great Cover Songs From 2011

In many forms of art, it can be easy to dismiss the remake. Year after year, established stories from books, television, movies and comics are reinvented, retold and rebooted in new forms, to the point where it's fair to question why more original ideas aren't as easily accepted. It can be the same in rock music: New bands tend to mimic the styles they grew up with until they're able to develop a style of their own. But there's still a lot of room in music to reinterpret older works. In other genres — jazz and classical in particular — it's built right into the framework. Tradition expects artists do their homework and learn the songbook as a path toward mastering the language of the music. Rock is less formal about it, but it does the same by establishing and adding to the canon of a particular style — say, garage rock. Through the cover song, artists are able to say a lot about themselves with the history they choose to revisit. There's a common rule when it comes to most covers: Change the original too much, and it never feels right; don't change enough, and the song feels more like a pale imitation. The best artistic reinterpretations are able to pull from the past while shaping it into something fresh. I've long been captivated by the cover song; as a fan, it's always satisfying to hear something familiar reworked. I love hearing a song rebuilt within a new genre, sped up or slowed down, stripped down and exposed, or embellished with new instrumentation. We've all been turned on to some forgotten gem or introduced to a record we might otherwise have overlooked after hearing a band pay respect to one of its influences. And we've probably all been in the crowd at a show when some band pulls out a perfectly selected cover song during the encore. There's something special about that shared moment. Every year, countless new cover songs pop up in concert or as part of tribute albums, charity compilations and special 7" singles. Likewise, the Internet has enabled even more covers — in the form of video web series, cover songs blogs, and one-off recordings released to Bandcamp and SoundCloud. In the last couple years, I've compiled a big geeky spreadsheet of all the cover songs I encountered. Here are just a few of my favorites from 2011. It's far from any sort of complete list, but all the picks point to artists who've pushed the limits of the songs, while retaining the spirit that made them great.  Hear five of 2011's best cover songs.

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Question: Fat Tuesday, California Style

The sun is up, the polls are opening across the Golden State, and for political watchers one of the most interesting California primaries in modern times is finally here.
It¿s going to be a long day, especially for the political operatives who have pulled marathon days in support of both presidential candidates and ballot measure campaigns. [...]

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Provided: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Super Bowl 50 is being held just south of San Francisco this year in the city of Santa Clara. Even though kick-off isn’t until Sunday, the pre-game festivities are in full force.\xa0Up to a million people are expected to pour into the Bay Area throughout this week for concerts, street festivals and fireworks shows. But law enforcement warns there’s a darker side to all the fun – sex traffickers trying to cash in on the big event. Tara Siler from Here &\xa0Now contributor KQED reports. \nRead more via KQED\n\nReporter\n\nTara Siler, reporter for KQED.']" Match: "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Heading Off Sex Trafficking At Super Bowl 50']"

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Making The Rich Pay More For Medicare

When it comes to reducing Medicare spending, asking wealthier seniors to pay more is one of the few areas where Democrats have shown a willingness to even consider the subject. "I do believe there should be means testing. And those of us with higher income in retirement should pay more," said Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., on last Sunday's Meet the Press. "That could be part of the solution." Robert Moffit of the conservative Heritage Foundation says it will have to be part of the solution if Medicare is to withstand the onslaught of 78 million baby boomers. "If we [boomers] insist on what we are entitled to under the current law, we are going to guarantee the shrinkage of economic opportunities for our kids and our grandchildren," he said. "I think it's a very, very bad future for this country if we do not get federal entitlements under control." Besides, making the rich pay more would hardly be breaking new ground. Medicare already charges wealthy people more and poor people less. "We already don't have a common standard social insurance system where everybody gets the same benefits," Moffit says. "We already have means testing." Indeed, as part of a 2003 Medicare law, Congress imposed higher outpatient premiums for the program's optional Part B on wealthier beneficiaries. And then in 2010, as part of the Affordable Care Act, Congress asked wealthier beneficiaries to pay more for their prescription drug coverage, too. Meanwhile, at the other end of the income scale, says Moffit, low-income Medicare beneficiaries get special breaks. The very poorest get coverage through Medicaid. And even those with moderate incomes are spared having to pay increases in their outpatient premiums in years when there's no or only a small increase in Social Security. "When premiums go up, if premium increases exceed their cost-of-living adjustment for Social Security they're held harmless," he said. "They don't pay the higher premiums." So Moffit thinks there's plenty of precedent, and plenty of room, to increase the amount, or lower the income threshold for better-off beneficiaries. "Given the size of the debt, it's probably a good idea for Congress to simply say to the rest of taxpayers, 'Look, we're not going to require you to continue to subsidize the wealthiest retirees. That's probably not the best policy,' " he said. "Those people who can afford to pay more for their health care should do it." But that sentiment is far from universal. For one thing, wealthy means something far different when it comes to Medicare than it does when it comes to income taxes. "Higher income is defined as people with incomes of $85,000 or more, and obviously in the tax world we're talking about people with $250,000 in income or higher," said Patricia Neuman of the nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation. Then there's the idea that Medicare premiums are the only thing most seniors pay when it comes to health care. Rep. Allyson Schwartz, D-Pa., who has worked on Medicare issues, says that's hardly the case. "They get Medigap; they get supplemental insurance. There are copays," she said, referring to the idea that seniors tend to have both lower incomes, and higher health care costs, than most other Americans. She added: "We want to make sure that we don't do anything that reverses that universality or the benefits and hurt beneficiaries." There's still one more complication: The Affordable Care Act imposed one other new Medicare tax on the wealthy that's just about to take effect. Starting in January, people with incomes over $200,000 will have to pay the Medicare payroll tax on income from interest, dividends and other nonwage activities. That's one more place budget negotiators won't be able to go to mine more money from Medicare.

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.