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Question: Nanotechnology Research and Development

Guest: Irfan Ahmad, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the University of Illinois; Mark A. Shannon, Director of the Center of Advanced Materials for Purification of Water With Systems Center; Dietram A. Scheufele, Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Life Sciences Communication at the University of Wisconsin

EPA Ruling. Healthcare Financing. End Music.


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Question: How The Four Seasons Clashed, Dealt With The Mob And Made Lasting Hits

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Bob Gaudio wrote most of The Four Seasons' hits, some of which are compiled in a new anthology. He tells Fresh Air about the band's history, including why its songs had some "anger" in them.

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Stories: 1) How Birth Control And Abortion Became Politicized 2) Life Without Plot In 'Leaving The Atocha Station' 3) 'Four The Record,' Lambert Comes To Terms With Herself


Question: Who's Bill This Time

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "Whistleblow While You Work," "Canadian Red Face" and "The Golden Throne."

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: Buttigieg And Klobuchar Are Out — So What Happens To Their Delegates?

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It’s Super Tuesday — one of the most consequential days of the presidential election cycle. More than a third of the delegates voting for the Democratic nominee at this summer’s Democratic National Convention will be chosen. But what happens to the delegates won by candidates who are no longer in the race? Sen. Amy Klobuchar has seven delegates and Pete Buttigieg has 26. Josh Putnam (@FHQ) is the founder of frontloadingHQ.com who writes for the Rasmussen Reports and FiveThirtyEight. He joins host Peter O’Dowd to discuss the role of those delegates and their importance in 2020. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Who's Bill This Time

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "President's fitness challenge," "Shutdown Town" and "Hawaii Def-con 5-0." e

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Question: Tweets From Actual Birds

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If you're as inundated with technology as I am, you may have forgotten that tweets didn't originally come from Twitter; they are actually sounds that birds make. Up in trees, I suppose. Sprint is hoping to remind its customers with a new set of bird call ringtones, including such sure-to-be chart-toppers as "Downy Woodpecker" and "Kentucky Warbler." The 28 ringtones come in association with the Audubon Society and hurt my sensitive ears. That probably means I should go outside more often. You can preview the bird calls here, or text "BIRD" to the number 1111 if you're a Sprint wireless customer.

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Stories: 1) 'Just One More Thing' About Falk, TV's 'Columbo' 2) What Happens When Charter Schools Fail?


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Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

What have I done, you ask, in the week that I've been stranded at home because of the snow? Simple: Wait for Friday and the new ScuttleButton puzzle! Even I wonder if I remember how to play. Wait. It's coming back to me. Every Friday on this blog, there are buttons displayed vertically. Simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) And don't focus on a political answer. It doesn't necessarily have to be political, though it could be. A correct answer chosen at random gets his or her name in this column. Personally, I can't imagine a greater honor. You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state -- you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. Here's the answer to last week's puzzle. And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be the first on your block to receive notice when a new puzzle goes up on the blog. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck, and happy Friday! P.S. I usually reveal the answer -- and announce the winner -- in this space on Tuesdays. So you should get your answer in by then.

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Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

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Question: Australian Caught On TV Viewing Naughty Pics Keeps Job

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The Australian financial-services worker who had the misfortune of viewing provocative photos of Miranda Kerr on his computer screen, all of which was caught during a TV camera interview taking place behind him will keep his job. (Mark wrote about this earlier in the week.) The Sydney Morning Herald reports:  Macquarie Group broker David Kiely, who was seen live on television opening an email carrying pictures of model Miranda Kerr, will remain at the investment bank.   ... On Thursday, the subject of the semi-naked photos - model Miranda Kerr - backed a campaign to save Mr Kiely's job.   Video of the Mr Kiely's gaffe generated hundreds of thousands of hits on YouTube and inspired several Facebook pages supporting the banker, as well as a popular "Save Dave" campaign by a London-based business website.   Macquarie said in a statement on Friday it had completed an internal review of the events of February 2 and action had been taken after discussions with the employee.   "He will remain an employee of Macquarie," the statement said.  Of course, if he had been hoping for a raise and a promotion, he may have a long wait coming.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Manning Could Face Decades In Prison; Hearing Starts Today. -- Forgotten In Cell For Days, Student Reaches $4.1 Million Settlement. And here are more early headlines: NSA Leaker's Father Says FBI Asked Him To Call Son Home. (Washington Post) Polls Open In Zimbabwe; President Denies Vote Tampering. (The Telegraph) Syria's President Joins Instagram, Doesn't Show War Images. (CNN) Former Italian Leader Berlusconi Asks Court To Overturn Fraud Conviction. (BBC) French Luxury Watch Store Robbed Days After Thief Stole Diamonds In Same Area. (The Associated Press) EADS Changes Name to Airbus, Highlighting Role Of Aircraft. (Bloomberg) Australia Finishing Kangaroo Cull To Stop Overgrazing. (Canberra Times) Actress Eileen Brennan Dies, Received Oscar Nod For 'Private Benjamin.' (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Do Grandma's Benefits Imperil Junior's Future?

As Democrats and Republicans argue over the national debt, one of the stickiest points has been the so-called entitlement programs, including Medicare and Social Security. And beyond party lines, the issue has a generational component that can't be overlooked: Is helping seniors make ends meet only generating mountains of debt that will hamper future generations? A team of experts chewed over that topic in the latest Intelligence Squared U.S. debate. They faced off two against two in an Oxford-style debate on the motion "Grandma's Benefits Imperil Junior's Future." Before the debate, the audience at New  York University's Skirball Center for the Performing Arts voted 40 percent for the motion and 24 percent against, with 36 percent undecided. After the debate, 38 percent of the audience agreed that "Grandma's Benefits Imperil Junior's Future," while 56 percent disagreed — making the side arguing against the motion the winners. Six percent remained undecided. Those participating in the Oct. 4 debate, moderated by ABC News' John Donvan: FOR THE MOTION   Fox News commentator Margaret Hoover is the author of American Individualism: How a New Generation of Conservatives Can Save the Republican Party. Hoover is a veteran of the Bush White House, where she worked in the Office of Management and Budget and served as associate director in the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs. She has worked on two presidential campaigns, at the Department of Homeland Security and on Capitol Hill. Mort Zuckerman is chairman and editor in chief of U.S.News & World Report and publisher of the New   York Daily News. He is also the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Boston Properties Inc. A frequent commentator on The McLaughlin Group, Zuckerman is a trustee of Memorial Sloan-Kettering and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. AGAINST THE MOTION Former Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean served as governor of Vermont for 12 years. He left office in 2003 to seek the Democratic nomination for president. Formerly a full-time practicing physician, Dean currently works as an independent consultant focusing on health care, early childhood development, alternative energy and the expansion of grass-roots politics around the world. Economic analyst Jeff Madrick is editor of Challenge magazine and a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books. He is the author of several award-winning books, including Age of Greed: The Triumph of Finance and the Decline of America, 1970 to the Present. Madrick has also served as an economics columnist for The New York Times and as a policy consultant and speechwriter for Sen. Edward M. Kennedy and other U.S. legislators.

Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Detainees in Cuba Told of Right to Contest Charges

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Detainees in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, are being informed of their new rights, following a Supreme Court decision that allows them to challenge their imprisonment. Interrogations are continuing at the facility, where officials are also continuing to separate the inmates by threat levels. NPR's Melissa Block talks with NPR's Jackie Northam.

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Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama's 'Optimal' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women's Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)


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Question: Stories off the sidewalk

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For several years, StoryCorps booths have allowed ordinary people relate their own stories to be preserved in a huge and growing collection in the Library of Congress.

Old rockers come back for more wild times on the grapevine.


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Question: 'Moulin Rouge!' Is An Extravagant, Triumphant Jukebox Musical

Moulin Rouge! The Musical telegraphs that it is not a typical musical as soon as you enter the venue. The Al Hirschfeld Theatre has been transformed into a decadent nightclub, with plush red velvet banquettes and gold-leafed statues of angels. Opulent chandeliers hang from the ceiling. A windmill dotted with lightbulbs looms above, as does an enormous blue elephant head. Men in codpieces and black leggings strut the stage as they pantomime smoking cigars. Two women dressed in garters and bustiers swallow swords in unison — prompting applause and whoops from the audience. Then, with a lift of his hands, the protagonist Christian (played by the excellent Aaron Tveit) motions for the curtain to go up. What commences is a magical, kaleidoscopic shakeup of the jukebox musical. Like the 2001 Baz Luhrmann movie upon which it is based, the production is a thoroughly entertaining extravaganza. Its creativity doesn't derive from an original score or particularly profound book. Instead, it features 71 pop songs that have been ingeniously pasted together (hat tip to Justin Levine, the music supervisor). The eye-popping set by Derek McLane is lush and cinematic. Costume designer Catherine Zuber decks out the performers in the most intricate and glamorous outfits that have graced Broadway since My Fair Lady (for which she also did the costumes). While Moulin Rouge! tells a story of doomed love in fin de siècle Paris, it is a lot of fun to behold. The tone is set with the rousing opening number "Lady Marmalade": choreographer Sonya Tayeh milks every sexy overtone nestled in the "voulez-vous coucher avec moi ce soir" chorus. Under the glossy surface, however, a debacle looms. As the proprietor of Moulin Rouge — Harold Zidler, played with panache by Broadway veteran Danny Burstein — tells us, this refuge for the bohemians and artists of Paris is at risk of bankruptcy. Salvation, he declares, will come in the form of the Duke of Monroth (Tam Mutu), a deep-pocketed and sinister character who introduces himself singing the Rolling Stones' "Sympathy for the Devil." Zidler offers up his star performer Satine (the fantastic Karen Olivo, who won a Tony as Anita in West Side Story) as bait: In exchange for his financial backing, Satine will become the duke's courtesan. Satine, whose father pimped her out when she was just 13 years old, assents to her role in Zidler's scheme, largely because she wants to help save the club that has become her adopted home. An obstacle appears in the form of Christian, a penniless American songwriter who has journeyed to Paris to escape what he describes as a "suffocating" life in Ohio. He makes his way to the hipster neighborhood of Montmartre, where he befriends artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (masterly incarnated by Sahr Ngaujah) and Santiago (a sensuous Ricky Rojas). They in turn take him to Moulin Rouge, where he sees Satine descend from the ceiling on a trapeze, clothed in fishnet stockings and silver-encrusted boots, belting out "Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend." He woos her with Elton John's "Your Song." It is established: Satine may be the Duke's plaything, but her heart belongs to the American innocent. A show-within-a-show motif emerges. Toulouse-Lautrec, Santiago, Christian and Satine collaborate on a musical featuring (ahem) a heroine who is locked in a transactional relationship with a deep-pocketed benefactor but loves a different man. Telling this story involves a terrific version of Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance." That's just a taste of the Top 40 songs the performers belt out with gusto. Tviet's rendition of "Rolling in the Deep" will make you momentarily forget about Adele; Olivo imbues Katy Perry's "Firework" with an impassioned melancholy that is genuinely stirring. And in one of the show's highlights, the two actors sing lines from 20 different songs in 5 minutes as part of a fervent debate about love and romance. Director Alex Timbers (who was behind Beetlejuice and the superb immersive musical Here Lies Love) ensures that amid all the songs and the surfeit of colors, a straightforward narrative guides the two-hour, forty-five-minute production. At the beginning, Christian informs us we are about to witness a story about love. And the show is, at its core, a boy-meets-girl confection. The emotional wallop comes not from their doomed affair, but the unabashed, over-the-top-theatrics with which it is told. It ends with a rousing number; the audience on its feet, doused in confetti. Profound it is not. But it is nonetheless a knockout night at the theater.

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Stories: 1) Gary Shteyngart: A 'Love Story' In A Sad Future 2) 'Bridesmaids': A Raunchy, Hilarious Chick Flick 3) Early Impulse: A 50-Year Legacy In Jazz


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Question: Bills...Casinos... And Staffers!

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After a Memorial Day hiatus, we¿re back for our weekly wrap-up of the week in California politics.
This week: Bill deadlines in the Legislature as moderate Dems seem to prevail¿ Barstow casino deals go to extra innings in the Capitol¿ and a look at Arnold¿s well-paid army of aides.
As always, with John Myers, Kate [...]

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: 50 Years Ago Students Shut Down This College To Demand Ethnic Studies Courses

Fifty years ago, a multi-racial coalition of students shut down the campus of San Francisco State College demanding a curriculum that reflected their history.

Good morning - here are some stories we're following today: Luxury Cars Do Poorly In New Type Of Crash Test. Unsealed Documents 'Hint At The Evidence' In Colorado Shootings. N.J. Gov. Chris Christie, Fla. Senator Marco Rubio To Give Key Speeches At Republican National Convention. (National Journal) Western Wildfires Destroy Homes, Leave One Firefighter Dead. (AP) Defected Syrian Prime Minister Claims Assad Regime Is Collapsing. (BBC) In A Change, Iran Now Welcomes Aid For Earthquake Victims. (VOA) French Youths Clash With Police For Second Night. (Reuters) Violence Turns Deadly Between Two Unions At South African Platinum Mine. (AllAfrica.com) Educational Accrediting Agency Issues Warning To Penn State. (USA Today) Conn. Woman Wrongly Billed For 25 Years For Streetlights, Gets Refund. (Hartford Courant)


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Question: From The Cd 'Bach By Design,'

From the CD "Bach by Design," we'll hear an invention and a fugue produced by a computer programmed by David Cope to compose music in Bach's style. (Centaur CRC 2184)

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'Muhammad Taluli arrived from Gaza at Jerusalem\'s Hadassah Medical Center a few months ago and unwrapped the cloth from his hands to reveal gray and white growths that looked like tree bark. The doctors had never seen anything like it. In fact, there have been only a handful of such extreme cases of this rare condition — called epidermodysplasia verruciformis — documented in medical literature around the world, says Dr. Michael Chernofsky, senior hand and microvascular surgeon at Hadassah, who is overseeing the man\'s treatment. "I\'ve seen some weird things, but not this," Chernofsky says. The culprit behind epidermodysplasia verruciformis is the human papillomavirus, which comes in more than 100 different strains, combined with one of many different genetic mutations that limit the body\'s ability to fight off the virus. When the immune system cannot deal with HPV, the virus can take over the skin, causing the lesions, Chernofsky explains. After a few well-publicized cases in Bangladesh and Romania, the condition was nicknamed "tree man" disease in the media because the tumors often resemble wood or bark. In most cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis, which total about 600 a year worldwide, the patient develops many flat warts rather than large wood-like tumors, says Jerome Garden, a professor at Northwestern University\'s Feinberg School of Medicine. Even if left alone, the warts do not progress into large tumors like Taluli\'s, he says. Taluli\'s doctors and other rare skin disease experts emphasize that there haven\'t been enough properly documented cases to say with any certainty how earlier intervention would affect the condition. If a patient like Taluli sought medical care earlier, the growths could have been removed before they got so large, but they would likely still resemble bark rather than ordinary warts and likely keep returning. "It\'s a complex interplay between the specific virus and your immune system," explains Dr. Daniel Finn, a dermatologic surgeon in Boston, who has seen a few cases of less aggressive forms of the disease. "It\'s not well-worked out who develops such an aggressive disease." "Certain people with this condition are prone to developing a more extreme presentation," Garden adds. When that happens, doctors are not sure what to do. "There are no guidelines for treatment because it is so rare," Chernofsky says. But that didn\'t stop his team from trying. Taluli, 42 and a father of six, hadn\'t been able to use his hands for 10 years and was in severe pain. "This was ruining his life," Chernofsky says. Doctors in Jordan and Egypt had recommended amputation, and doctors at Palestinian hospitals in the West Bank told him there was no effective treatment. "There was nothing to do," Taluli said in a statement released by Hadassah. Eventually, Palestinian and Israeli officials arranged for him to seek treatment at the medical center. "Yes, it\'s a difficult case, but we thought that there is something you can do about it, " says Dr. Shai Luria, an orthopedic and hand surgeon at Hadassah. In late August, surgeons removed most of the growths, freeing the man\'s palms and fingers for the first time in years, Chernofsky says. The medical team also grafted healthy skin, taken from other areas of Taluli\'s body, onto his hands. Due to the rare nature of the disorder, there was no protocol for the surgery, the doctors say. But for Taluli it was his only hope. Now his hands appear as if they have been burned — discolored and rough-textured — rather than covered with lesions. That does not trouble Taluli. "After years of sitting at home, ashamed and not being able to work, the surgeons here at Hadassah have given me hope," Taluli said in his statement, which was released shortly after the surgery. "I hope my former life is already behind me." Earlier this week, Taluli returned home to Gaza with a supply of medications — which the Israeli doctors paid for personally — to prevent the growths from returning. The medications include topical creams used to treat warts caused by HPV. "But probably the growths will come back, although hopefully they will come back more slowly," Luria says. "He will probably need more surgeries." Not only are they unsure of Taluli\'s prognosis, but they don\'t know if similar surgery and treatment would work on other severe cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis. In the few cases reported in the media over the years, none has had the same form of HPV or same underlying genetic mutation as Taluli. Even for ordinary cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis, which result only in warts, "there are no great treatments," Garden says, saying that they are usually treated with topical medications but keep returning because patients with the disorder always have a suppressed immune system. Nonetheless, treating the warts — or extreme tumors as Taluli had — from epidermodysplasia verruciformis is important because the lesions could turn into skin cancer, say doctors familiar with the ']>>  to <<['represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on npr\n\nThe provided query could be \'U.S. Combat Troops Leave Iraqi Cities\' and the positive \'For the first time in six years, Baghdad and other Iraqi cities are almost completely free of U.S. combat troops. Iraq\'s government declared a national holiday to celebrate the occasion, but a deadly car bomb in the city of Kirkuk provided a grim reminder of the challenges ahead.Iraqis waved flags and honked horns as U.S. troops officially withdrew from cities and towns across the country Tuesday in what Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki dubbed a "National Sovereignty Day" public holiday, more than six years after American forces invaded to oust Saddam Hussein from power. "This day, which we consider a national celebration, is an achievement made by all Iraqis," the prime minister said in a televised address. Maliki said the continued presence of foreign troops in the country was Hussein\'s "most serious legacy" and warned that "those who think that Iraqis are not able to protect their country and that the withdrawal of foreign forces will create a security vacuum are committing a big mistake." Shortly before the withdrawal was complete, four U.S. soldiers were killed in combat, the latest casualties in a war than has claimed more than 4,300 American troops and tens of thousands of Iraqis. That was followed by the third bomb blast in recent days — the latest a car bomb that killed at least 30 people and wounded nearly 45 in the northern city of Kirkuk.  The urban pullout completed on Monday, part of a U.S.-Iraqi security pact, marks the first major step toward a complete withdrawal of all U.S. forces from the country by the end of 2011. The United States had closed or returned to local control 120 bases and facilities and will turn over or close an additional 30 sites by Wednesday, Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman said.       On the streets of Baghdad, a military parade was held in the heavily fortified Green Zone diplomatic district featuring thousands of Iraqi soldiers and police in U.S.-donated Humvees, armored cars and tanks. President Jalal Talabani thanked the United States, saying the day of celebration would not have been possible without the U.S. invasion in 2003 that toppled Hussein. "While we celebrate this day, we express our thanks and gratitude to our friends in the coalition forces who faced risks and responsibilities and sustained casualties and damage," Talabani said. He also warned that "security will not be achieved completely without the proper political environment and without a real national unity and reconciliation."  However, insurgents have increased attacks in the weeks leading up to the U.S. drawdown, including the three bomb blasts that killed nearly 200 people. Some American troops will remain in urban areas to train and advise Iraqi forces, and combat troops will return to cities only if asked. The U.S. military will continue combat operations in Iraq\'s rural areas and near the border, but only with the Iraqi government\'s permission.      U.S. officials have not said how many troops will remain in advisory roles, but the vast majority of the more than 130,000 U.S. forces remaining in the country will be in large bases scattered outside cities. From NPR staff and wire reports\' and the negative \'Good morning - here are our early stories: Obama, Romney Trade Jokes; Critics Aim At Obama\'s \'Optimal\' Comment. Malala Stands For First Time Since Being Shot By Taliban, Doctors Say. And these headlines: Ill. Rep. Joe Walsh Says Abortions Not Needed To Save Women\'s Lives. (Politico) Syrian Jets Drop Cluster Bombs On Rebel Town, Killing Civilians. (AFP) Turkey Retaliates Again After Syrian Shells Fall Into Its Territory. (Al-Arabiya) North And South Korea Trade War Threats Over Provocative Leaflets. (Korea Times) Following Alleged Rape, Curfew Imposed On All U.S. Military Personnel In Japan. (Stars and Stripes) Amtrak High Speed Train To Travel 110 MPH In Illinois Today In Midwest. (AP) Sandusky Seeks New Trial, Claims Insufficient Evidence To Convict Him. (CNN)\'', "Rare Skin Disease Ruined Gaza Man's Life — Until Israeli Doctors Stepped In"]>>

Maps  and  Manifests, Inscribing My Name, Rosie Carson, Crosswind Reunion, Burying An Albatross, Milestones of Contemporary Art


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Question: Launch Logistics: Speedy Rocket, Slow Electronics

Weird things jump out at me in press releases. Take the press kit NASA prepared for the GRAIL mission. GRAIL consists of two nearly identical spacecraft that are on their way to the moon. Once there, they will make a precise map of the moon's gravitational field. Such a map will help scientists refine their theories about how the moon formed and what the interior is made of. So I'm reading through the GRAIL press kit, learning about the size of the spacecraft (washing machine-sized), how long it will take to make the map (approximately three months), and where the mission control room is (at a Lockheed Martin facility just outside of Denver). I also learn that GRAIL can launch any day between Sept. 9 and Oct. 19. And then I get to this sentence: "On each day, there are two separate, instantaneous launch opportunities separated in time by approximately 39 minutes." That's weird. Now, I wasn't surprised that this mission had an extremely precise launch opportunity — "instantaneous" means the launch window is essentially a second long. I know you have to wait until the moon's orbit around the Earth, and Earth's orbit around the sun, and the Earth's rotation around its axis are all in exactly the right position before you can launch your rocket. But what's up with two instantaneous launch opportunities. Why 39 minutes apart? I called the NASA press office. They were stumped and promised they'd find someone who could give me the answer. In the meantime, I called several universities with large aerospace programs, and asked if anyone there had the answer. Nope. Nada. Nothing. So now this is beginning to bug me. I'm also beginning to worry. If an aerospace engineer can't figure this out, how am I ever going to understand it? While I'm pondering this, GRAIL deputy project manager Tom Hoffman called. I asked him about the two instantaneous launch opportunities. "It's a pretty simple answer not driven by the mission at all," Hoffman told me. "It's driven by the launch vehicle." The launch vehicle? Not orbital mechanics or a complex trajectory? The problem, Hoffman said, is some slow electronics. There is actually a launch window of 40 minutes or so each day. Modern computers in modern rockets can calculate the precise direction the rocket needs to launch on a second-by-second basis. But GRAIL was launching on a Delta II rocket, and Hoffman told me the Delta II rocket is a rather old design. It's been around for more than 20 years, "and so the rocket just can't, it can't do that internally, in its own computer system. It basically has to be fed all the information," he said. Hoffman said it takes about 39 minutes to load in the new information, and then check to make sure that it was loaded correctly. Not the answer I was expecting, but there's something oddly pleasing about a brand-new space mission launching with some rather old electronics. Whatever works ... as the saying goes. GUY RAZ, host: Two state-of-the-art NASA spacecraft are on their way to a rendezvous with the moon. Their mission, known by the acronym GRAIL, is to make a precise map of the moon's gravitational field.  NPR's Joe Palca has been covering the mission since before it launched two weeks ago, and he stumbled across something he thought was, well, kind of weird. Here's Joe.  JOE PALCA: To help reporters out, NASA produces a press kit for most of its major missions. So I'm reading through the GRAIL press kit, learning about the size of the spacecraft - washing machine sized - and how long they'll be on the job at the moon - approximately three months - and where the mission control room - at a Lockheed Martin facility just outside of Denver. I also learn that GRAIL can launch any day between September 9th and October 19th. And then I get to this sentence.  ELIZA BARCLAY: On each day, there are two separate, instantaneous launch opportunities separated in time by approximately 39 minutes.  PALCA: That's my colleague Eliza Barclay in her best NASA press kit voice. I wasn't surprised that the mission had an extremely precise launch time. I know you have to wait until the moon's orbit around the Earth, and the Earth's orbit around the sun, and the Earth's rotation around its axis are all in exactly the right position before you can launch your rocket. But what's up with two instantaneous launch opportunities? And why 39 minutes apart?  I called the NASA press office. They were stumped, but they promised they'd find someone who could give me the answer. In the meantime, I called several universities with large aerospace programs and asked if anyone there had the answer. Nope. Nada. Nothing. So now this is beginning to bug me, and I'm also beginning to worry.  If an aerospace engineer can't figure this out, how am I ever going to understand it? While I'm pondering this, GRAIL deputy project manager Tom Hoffman called. I asked him about the two instantaneous launch opportunities. I'm guessing it's not a simple answer, but can you take a crack at giving

State to Impose New Emissions Rules for Small Engines. Solar Initiative Launches January 1. End Music.


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Question: Hezbollah Designed A Video Game To Appeal To The U.S.

The Lebanese group Hezbollah wants the world to think of it as fighting against terrorists — not supporting the Assad regime or threatening the Western world.

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Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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For instance you may be given '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', "'The Newsroom' Caught Up In A Partisan Divide"]' and it should match with '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details.', 'If anyone in Hollywood wears his idealism like a boutonniere, it\'s Aaron Sorkin. As The West Wing made clear, Sorkin loves telling stories about principled individuals — especially liberals — struggling with institutions that might compromise their integrity. He\'s at it again in The Newsroom, a breezy, preachy, exasperating new HBO series set inside an imaginary cable network. Jeff Daniels stars as crusty but decent Will McAvoy, a once-Olympian anchor who\'s begun playing it so safe he\'s known as "the Jay Leno of news." After he has a public meltdown, his twinkly-wise boss, played by Sam Waterston, hires a new executive producer for Will\'s nightly newscast. Her name is MacKenzie McHale — that\'s Emily Mortimer — a Peabody-winning reporter back from Iraq who wants to rekindle Will\'s faith in TV journalism. Trouble is, the two of them have a past. Even so, MacKenzie wants him to accept the quixotic challenge of doing an honest, truthful, old-fashioned news show like those run by Edward R. Murrow or David Brinkley — and they argue about whether that\'s even possible nowadays. But eventually, their argument is interrupted by the news itself — in this case, the beginning of 2010\'s Deepwater Horizon oil spill. It\'s part of the show\'s structure that each week, Will, MacKenzie and their staff cover real-life events, like the rise of the Tea Party or the shooting of Rep. Gabrielle Giffords — and they do it in a way that Sorkin clearly thinks our TV news shows should have covered them. Now, if you\'re a news junkie like me, The Newsroom could hardly appear more alluring, for it promises to do two fascinating things: take a smart look at how someone might try to do serious news in our current, unserious culture; and explore the complex lives of the men and women who try to do it. I\'d like to say that the show lives up to this promise, but after seeing the first four episodes, I have my doubts. Yes, Sorkin knows how to write sharp, highly watchable scenes. Yes, Daniels is believable as Will, who physically resembles that shambly bear Chris Matthews. And yes, the cast boasts some terrific young actors — in particular Alison Pill, John Gallagher and Thomas Sadoski as producers who get caught up in a romantic triangle. Yet for all its virtues, The Newsroom often feels shockingly dated, as if Sorkin had never seen shows like The Wire, Mad Men, or Girls, shows that have raised the level of the TV game. Far from portraying his reporters and producers as adults with rich, dark, complicated souls, Sorkin turns them into overgrown teenagers. Nobody is married, for instance. Instead, their personal lives are all about dating, and the show\'s filled with wacky-cute public embarrassments, as when — right before a live broadcast that\'s in serious trouble — MacKenzie has the sort of silly, unprofessional freakout about a mis-sent email you might expect from Ally McBeal, not from a Peabody-winning reporter wounded in Fallujah. Sorkin\'s take on TV news is equally callow. Although supposedly devoted to honest, truthful, old-fashioned news, Will quickly morphs into a version of Keith Olbermann, a prosecutorial anchor on the warpath against the Tea Party, whose members are all portrayed as dopes, dupes or ignoramuses. The Newsroom makes it clear that Will\'s not merely telling the truth, but that any intelligent, right-thinking person knows he\'s telling the truth. In fact, the show\'s so riddled with disapproval toward those who watch Fox News, read the tabloids or enjoy reality TV that it feeds the cliche of liberals as smug elitists who reflexively look down on anyone who doesn\'t agree. Like many of us, Sorkin is driven crazy by what\'s going in our stridently divided culture, yet he\'s not quite sure what to do about it. And so, rather like a fly caught in a bottle, he buzzes around and around, touching on lots of things, sometimes quite intelligently, but never escaping outside to get a bigger picture. Trapped inside the bottle, he\'s created a show that replicates much of what it thinks it\'s opposing. It\'s partisan. It\'s sermonizing. And it\'s terrified that if it\'s too brainy or complex, the audience won\'t find it entertaining. The Newsroom may think it\'s grappling with the crisis in American culture, but in the end it\'s just another symptom. TERRY GROSS, HOST:  The screenwriter Aaron Sorkin, who won the 2011 Oscar for Screenplay for "The Social Network" may be best known for creating the Emmy Award-winning TV series, "The West Wing." His new series, "The Newsroom," which premiers Sunday on HBO, is about the workings of a cable news program. It stars Jeff Daniels as a larger-than-life anchorman and Emily Mortimer as the executive who tries to wrangle him. Our critic-at-large John Powers says, he approached the show with the highest of hopes. JOHN POWERS, BYLINE: If anyone in Hollywood wears his idealism like a boutonniere, it\'s Aaron Sorkin. As "The West Wing" made clear, Sorkin loves telling stories about principled individuals, especially l']' but not with '['represent the natural language', "Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball"]'.

Question: Bhutto's Son, Husband to Lead Opposition Party

Benazir Bhutto's 19-year-old son - a student with no political experience - was named symbolic leader of her party Sunday, while her husband took effective control, extending Pakistan's most enduring political dynasty.       The major parties appeared to agree that the elections should take place as scheduled on Jan. 8 despite street violence and political turmoil triggered by the assassination of Bhutto. The Election Commission is to discuss the timing of the polls Monday.       A successful vote would bolster U.S.-backed plans to restore democracy to the nuclear-armed country as it battles rising Islamic extremism.       Rioting subsided Sunday after destruction that left at least 44 dead and caused tens of millions of dollars in damage, but bitterness remained over the government's response to the gun and suicide attack that killed Bhutto.       The appointment of Bhutto's husband, Asif Ali Zardari, was not without its own complications. A former Cabinet minister who spent eight years in prison on corruption accusations, he is known as "Mr. 10 Percent" for allegedly taking kickbacks and is viewed with suspicion by many Pakistanis.       At a news conference on Sunday, Zardari said the opposition party - Pakistan's largest - had no confidence in the government's ability to bring the killers to justice and urged the United Nations to establish a committee like the one investigating the 2005 assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.       The decisions on the future of Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party were made at a closed-door meeting in the sprawling family estate in the south of the country where the two-time former prime minister grew up.       The eldest of Bhutto's three children, Bilawal Zardari, accepted the party's leadership, but said he would remain at Oxford University.       He said his father, who was officially designated co-chairman, would be the effective party leader.       "The party's long struggle for democracy will continue with renewed vigor," Bilawal told a news conference that was repeatedly interrupted by emotional chants from Bhutto's supporters. "My mother always said democracy is the best revenge."       Bhutto's grandfather was a senior figure in the movement that helped Pakistan split from India and lead it to independence in 1947. Her father - Pakistan's first elected prime minister - founded the Pakistan Peoples Party in 1967 and its electoral success since then has largely depended on the Bhutto name.       Bilawal said that Zardari would "take care" of the party while he continued his studies. Zardari then told reporters to direct questions at him, saying his son was at a "tender age."       Zardari, who spent eight years under detention on corruption charges in Pakistan before his release in late 2004, is a power broker who served as investment minister in Bhutto's second government. He has denied the graft charges.       He immediately announced the party's participation in the elections, perhaps sensing sympathy for Bhutto and her family could translate into a strong performance in the polls, but said another party leader, Makhdoom Amin Fahim, would likely be their candidate for prime minister if they won.       He also appealed to the party of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to reverse an earlier decision to boycott the polls. Sharif's party later agreed.       "It is up to the political parties in Pakistan to choose their leaders," White House spokesman Scott Stanzel said from Crawford, Texas, where President Bush is vacationing.       "We believe it is important for Pakistan to confront extremists and continue on the path to democracy by holding free and fair elections," he said. "The timing of those elections will be up to the Pakistanis."       Tariq Azim, a spokesman for the pro-government Pakistan Muslim League-Q party, congratulated the decision against seeking a delay in the vote.       "We welcome it, and we are also ready for the contest on Jan. 8," he said after earlier predicting the election may be delayed up to four months.       The British and U.S. governments had been pushing Bhutto, a moderate Muslim seen as friendly to the West, to form a power-sharing agreement with President Pervez Musharraf after the election - a combination seen as the most effective in the fight against al-Qaida, which is believed to be regrouping in the country's lawless tribal areas.       But many of her supporters have alleged that political allies of Musharraf were behind her killing, which the government has blamed on Islamic militants with links to al-Qaida.       A statement from the British government said Musharraf had agreed to consider "potential international support" to the Pakistani investigation into the assassination, but gave no more details. It also urged Pakistan to go ahead with elections without any "significant delay."       Zardari rejected as "lies" the government's account of how his wife died, amid a dispute over whether she susta

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Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: Somali Refugee Helps Create Bantu Dictionary

A Somali refugee in Maine is helping to create the first dictionary for his language. His effort would help preserve the Bantu culture. Jeanne Baron reports for Maine Public Broadcasting. MADELEINE BRAND, host:  This is DAY TO DAY from NPR News. I'm Madeleine Brand.  ALEX CHADWICK, host:  I'm Alex Chadwick.  Eight years ago, the U.S. government agreed to help thousands of Bantu refugees from Somalia settle in this country, and one town, Lewiston, Maine, has welcomed 500 Bantus. They had hoped to leave their troubles behind. Some say there's still friction with other Somalis also living in Lewiston.  BRAND: Reporter Jeanne Baron met one Bantu college student in Lewiston, who believes communication can help ease those tensions. He's working to compile what he hopes will be one of the first written dictionaries of the Bantu language.  JEANNE BARON: In a quiet public housing complex on the outskirts of Lewiston, Maine, 29-year-old Sheik Mohammed(ph) is watching over his two daughters.  (Soundbite of a child)  Mr. SHEIK MOHAMMED (Bantu resident of Maine): (Speaking foreign language)  Unidentified Man #1: (Speaking foreign language)  Unidentified Man #2: (Speaking foreign language)  Mr. MOHAMMED: (Speaking foreign language)  BARON: Mohammed is a squarely built young father with warm eyes and close-cut hair. When he was 14, those eyes witnessed the death of his father, shot to death during the civil unrest in Somalia. Mohammed is speaking Maimai to his brightly dressed daughters. Maimai is the stigmatized language of the Bantu and it barely exists in written form. While his daughters play, Mohammed is thumbing through a loose-leaf stack of papers with about 400 Maimai words.  It's the beginning of a dictionary he is helping put together, one of several efforts around the country. Mohammed says if the Bantu can document their language, they can write their own history.  Mr. MOHAMMED: Yeah, basically, this is very important. It makes identity, our identity, because in U.S., people just saw us like Somalis. We are total different.  BARON: As the descendant of slaves, Mohammed and other Bantus faced discrimination and had little access to education in Somalia. Mohammed was part of a wave of refugees escaping warlords who massacred Bantu farmers, like Mohammed's father, for their stocks of food. He went to the first grade as a teenager after he found his way to a refugee camp.  A fast learner, Mohammed reads several languages today and he's working toward a degree in the sciences. But he says for many Bantus the legacy of persecution continues. He says some are even afraid to tell Somali interpreters that they don't understand them.  Mr. MOHAMMED: You know, the people just can't say that I speak my mind. They can't say in the presence of Somalis. They're - still frightened. Back home, they are - everybody can do what they feels like. They abuse you. Everyday they shoot you. They deny your rights. You know, our people are just submissive.  BARON: But Mohammed says he's not afraid, not since he watched a brother and sister die of thirst in Somalia, unable to reach water supplies because of hostile Somali forces.  Mr. MOHAMMED: I'm just brave. You know, my little brother was killed. They just, you know, they just refused it for us to go to the water points, so my little brother died, because of dust and hunger. So since that time, I just, you know, I just understand death is nothing.  BARON: Mohammed has been among a handful of Somali Bantus advocating for Maimai translators in schools and health clinics.  Ms. CATHERINE BESTEMAN (Anthropologist): It's a completely new phenomenon.  BARON: Anthropologist Catherine Besteman says the Bantu are beginning to respond to the American ethic of equality.  Ms. BESTEMAN: An important part of starting a new life in this country is reestablishing or renegotiating the basic conditions of who they are, and what their rights are. And I think that there's a widespread recognition that civil rights are universal here.  BARON: Linguists say Maimai differs from Somalia's official language called Maha, much as French differs from Italian. Hospitals and schools officials in Maine have begun to hear complaints that they need more Maimai interpreters. But many in the larger Somali community, like Saaed Mohammed(ph), dismiss the complaints.  Mr. SAAED MOHAMMED (Somali resident of Maine): (Speaking foreign language)  Unidentified Man #3: (Speaking foreign language)  BARON: Saaed Mohammed owns a convenience store that caters to the African community. He says his mother is Bantu and he believes the Somali community in Lewiston should resist cultural division.  Mr. SAAED MOHAMMED: In Somalia it is a kind of division. It's a kind of tribalism. It is not possible for every, you know, immigrant community here to have there own (unintelligible).  BARON: Saaed Mohammed says now that they're in the U.S., the difference between Somali and Bantu doesn't matter anymore. And there's no discrimination against th

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Stories: 1) In a Morrocco Town, a Cradle for Killers 2) Plowing Under 'The Perfect Crop' in Afghanistan 3) Dewey Redman Revisited


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Question: The Pediatrician Who Exposed The Flint Water Crisis

After warning of elevated lead levels in her patients' blood in Flint, Mich., Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha faced a backlash: "The state said that I was an unfortunate researcher, that I was causing near hysteria." Her new book, 'What the Eyes Don't See,' is about exposing the crisis, the activist movement, and her personal story as the daughter of Iraqi immigrants. Also, TV critic David Bianculli raves about Paul McCartney's appearance on James Corden's 'Carpool Karaoke' segment on 'The Late Late Show.'

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Good morning, we're looking at these stories today: Assad Names New Prime Minister, Fighting Continues In Aleppo. Done In a Day: China Wraps Up Murder Trial Of Once-Prominent Politician's Wife. Gunmen Attack Egyptian Police Station In Sinai; Follows Militant Attack On Egyptian Border Post. (UPI) George Zimmerman To Seek New 'Stand Your Ground' Hearing In Case Of Shooting Of Treyvon Martin. (Central Florida News) Home Foreclosures Fell In July, But More Homes Started The Foreclosure Process. (Philadelphia Inquirer) U.S. Assists In Agent Orange Cleanup Project In Vietnam. (Reuters) Russia's Prime Minister To Publically Blame Officials Responsible For Failed Satellite Launch. (RIA Novosti) Sick American Rescued From Antarctica Research Station, Flown To New Zealand. (ABC) Homeless Miami Man Describes Cannibalistic Attack That Destroyed Parts Of His Face. (Miami Herald) Oscar Pistorious, South African 'Blade Runner', Denied Chance To Run In Olympic Relay. (BBC)


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Question: Sports doctor ROB HUIZENGA, team doctor to the Los Angeles Raiders for seven years

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For instance, <<['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details:', "Health care, Social Security and job creation records were all part of Wednesday night's Republican presidential debate in Simi Valley, Calif. Robert Siegel fact checks some of their statements with NPR's Tamara Keith, NPR's Julie Rovner and NPR's Richard Harris."]>>  to "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Fact Check: Republican Debate']"

2: Sports doctor ROB HUIZENGA, team doctor to the Los Angeles Raiders for seven years. He is a past president of the National Football League Physicians' Association and has written for "Sports Illustrated" and other publications. His book about his time in the NFL is "'You're Okay, It's Just a Bruise': A Doctor's Sideline Secrets About Pro Football's Most Outrageous Team" (St. Martin's Press).

Now that Thanksgiving has come and gone, the playoff battle in the NFL is heating up. And in hockey, 10 former players have filed suit against the NHL for failing to protect players from concussions. ESPN's Howard Bryant fills in the details with host Scott Simon.


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Question: Leave It To Botanists To Turn Cooking Into A Science Lesson

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Have you ever wondered why kiwi fruits are green instead of red? Why okra is slimy but cooking it with tomatoes cuts the goo factor? Or how artichokes became giant balls of thick, spiny leaves endlessly furled over a small, soft heart? If so, you're not alone. In 2012 two botanists, Katherine Preston of Stanford University and Jeanne Osnas of the Alaska Center for Conservation Science, started a blog called The Botanist in the Kitchen to answer exactly those kinds of questions. You might think that botanists spend most of their time exploring fields, forests, parks, farms or wilderness areas, working to identify, study and protect the rich bounty of the plant world. In contrast, the kitchen, that warm hub of domesticity, might not seem like an obvious place for a botany lesson. But it offers many opportunities for culinary and botanical exploration. Imagine a botanist exploring the intricacies of plant science while preparing peach mint jam, fried okra with mole sauce, or almond cake. That's exactly what this blog does. How did they get started? Osnas took one of Preston's botany courses at Stanford, where she taught her students in part by having them study fruits. The two realized that one great way to teach people about the subject was through the plants they love to eat. Botanical information in books, they found, was often full of dense science and technical lingo that was too difficult for the lay reader. "We're a good writing pair," explains Preston, "because I'm really interested in morphology and anatomy." "And I," says Osnas, "am deeply interested in evolutionary relationships, how evolution creates the same flavors and tastes again and again." Why, for instance, does nature love lemon so much? In a post on the evolution of lemon flavor, Osnas notes that nature produces lemons (the fruit) along with lemon balm, lemon verbena, lemon basil, lemon thyme, lemon mint, lemon myrtle, lemongrass, and more. Lemon flavor derives from just a few essential oils: citral, linalool, limonene, geraniol, and citronellal. These oils have evolved multiple times on different branches of the evolutionary tree. The essential oils of all these plants contain lemony "terpenoids," compounds that protect them from pests. "When you rub a verbena or mint-family leaf between your fingers," says Osnas, "you rupture the hair-like growths, called glandular trichomes, and release some of the most fragrant substances this planet has to offer. They may be repellent to bugs, but hardly to us." To make a sweet syrup out of these lemony plants, Osnas first massages the fresh leaves with sugar for a few minutes to release the essential oil. She then adds boiling water, strains the liquid, brings it to a boil again and lets the syrup cool. Adding vodka extends its shelf life. "I add it to club soda, and drizzle it over ice cream or an almond cake," Osnas says. What about artichokes? They're one of the strangest-looking vegetables around. You'll understand them far better, says Preston, once you realize they actually belong to the sunflower family, which itself contains more than 20,000 species. All those spiny "leaves" closing over the interior, like fronds hiding a secret? They are hiding a head that, if you let it keep growing, will sprout hundreds of florets. The spiny leaves (called bracts) open and a spray of purple tubular florets fan out. "Each of those tubes is a tiny flower," explains Preston, "and in principle could make one single seed, just like a seed you get from sunflowers." Why so many flowers instead of just one? Pollinators are more attracted to a cluster, which from a distance looks like a single huge flower. As for recipes, Preston says, "although artichokes are notoriously ill-suited to wine, many experts recommend pairing them with an acidic dry white. I like to sip on Navarro gewürztraminer because of its distinct citrus notes." Another plant and culinary riddle: Why are kiwis green when ripe? Fruits are like the leaves of a tree — green until they shut off their chlorophyll, at which point they turn brilliant hues of red, orange, purple, blue to entice predators to eat them and poop out their seeds. But kiwis, avocados and honeydew melons stay green. Wouldn't that keep predators away, since green usually signals a fruit is not yet ripe? Preston and Osnas have a possible answer, at least where kiwis are concerned: In Chinese the fruits are called mihoutao, or "monkey peach," for the monkeys that are their primary predators. Monkeys often eat fruit that is green, brown or yellowish-orange. Perhaps kiwis didn't have to turn red or purple, so they didn't bother. (That doesn't quite explain green grapes and honeydew melons, however.) One of the most common questions the botanists get: Why is okra slimy? "The slime is a mucilage" – a gummy secretion "that helps the plant store water in the hot places it likes to grow," explains Preston. Okra slime changes when its pH changes. To make okra less slimy, says Preston, cook

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Stories: 1) Brain Injuries Haunt Football Players Years Later 2) How Traumatic Events Change Our View Of Language


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth The provided query could be "['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth:', 'The object of Pac-Man was simple: have Pac-Man eat the dots and avoid getting eaten himself. The music of the game wasn\'t exactly complex either.\xa0 But today, the video game\'s musical score is as essential to its success as the story and the graphics. Take the soundtrack to a new video game by Disney for example. The game, Epic Mickey, has just been released for the Nintendo Wii. The man who wrote the music, Jim Dooley, has worked on some of the biggest TV and movie projects in the past decade. Dooley told All Things Considered host Guy Raz that video games present interesting challenges to the modern day composer. "We don\'t know if you\'re going to play it in 20 hours, 30 hours or 40 hours," he says. "That\'s a huge difference. To make that adaptive to the player so they actually do have an emotional experience is what makes it most challenging." How to write for Mickey when he\'s being good, as opposed to when he\'s being bad, after the jump. For Epic Mickey, developers wanted the music to adjust with the actions of the game\'s hero, Mickey Mouse. When Mickey acts in good behavior by following missions and helping people, the music becomes more magical and heroic. "You start hearing a lot more brightness, a lot more woodwinds," Dooley says. The music shifts when Mickey acts more mischievous and destructive. "You\'ll hear a lot of bass clarinets, bassoons, essentially like the wrong notes," Dooley says. "Probably the hardest part of this job is to do dynamic music, which feels natural, as you start playing and it adapts to your game style." Dooley conducted in-depth research for the game before writing the score. Disney gave him access to its archives, where he found a treasure trove of unpublished recordings, rehearsal charts and full orchestral charts. "It\'s hard to appreciate the level of talent involved in all of these scores," Dooley says. "When you get to see it on the page, it\'s pretty breathtaking." ROBERT SIEGEL, host:  This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I\'m Robert Siegel.  GUY RAZ, host:  And I\'m Guy Raz.  (Soundbite of "Pac-Man")  RAZ: The sounds from "Pac-Man," the classic 1980s video game. The object was simple: have the Pac-Man eat the dots and avoid getting eaten himself.  (Soundbite of "Pac-Man")  RAZ: Now, the music behind "Pac-Man," if you want to call it that, was probably not a main priority for the developers at the time. But today, the video game\'s score is as essential to its success as the story and the graphics.  (Soundbite of music)  RAZ: This is the soundtrack to a new video game by Disney. It\'s called "Epic Mickey." And it\'s just been released for the Nintendo Wii. And the man who wrote the music, Jim Dooley, has worked on some of the biggest TV and movie projects in the past decade. And Jim Dooley joins me now from our studios at NPR West.  Jim, welcome.  Mr. JIM DOOLEY (Composer): Thank you so much, Guy.  RAZ: So we heard that clip from "Pac-Man." It almost sounds like music was an afterthought in video games back then.  Mr. DOOLEY: Actually, that music reminds me of writing old music code for the Commodore in the \'80s. It\'s kind of...  RAZ: Sort of waah-waah.  Mr. DOOLEY: It is. It\'s like writing music with an abacus.  RAZ: Right. I mean, you\'ve worked on huge films like "The Da Vinci Code." You won an Emmy for the ABC series "Pushing Daisies." And actually, let me just - let\'s just hear some of the music from that for a moment.  (Soundbite of music)  RAZ: So this has a kind of this bright, magical, whimsical sound, which obviously is reflective of that series. How is composing music for video games different than doing it for film and TV?  Mr. DOOLEY: The most direct way to say this is - and the difference between them is something like TV and film has a fixed timeline. In TV, knowing that it\'s like, okay, this is where the love moment comes on, or like, okay, the music is going to swell as they kiss and they embrace. We know when it\'s coming. And we can set you up for that, having this emotional experience by taking you through it.  Video games do not have a fixed timeline. So if you\'re an experienced gamer, you might play through the game much faster. We don\'t know if you\'re going to play it in 20 hours, 30 hours or 40 hours. And that\'s a huge difference. And to make that adaptive to the player so they actually do have an emotional experience is what makes it the most challenging. And that\'s why the music has to be adaptive.  RAZ: So let me - I guess, as you described the premise of this video game, Jim, this is Mickey Mouse. He is trapped in a world of sort of disused cartoon characters. And basically, he\'s got to get out. And his weapons are not a gun, but a paint brush and paint thinner.  Mr. DOOLEY: How elegant.  RAZ: Right.  Mr. DOOLEY: You get to fight van Gogh style.  RAZ: And I guess I should explain that the music changes based on what you have Mickey do and what happens to Mickey. So let\'s actually listen to it, and can you sort of describe how it works?  (Sou']" and the positive "['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Composers Find New Playgrounds In Video Games']"

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, the Water Music by George Frederic Handel, music he wrote for a famous barge trip on the River Thames taken by King George the First in 1717.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: 'Textalyzer' Aims To Curb Distracted Driving, But What About Privacy?

If you're one of the many who text, read email or view Facebook on your phone while driving, be warned: Police in your community may soon have a tool for catching you red-handed. The new "textalyzer" technology is modeled after the Breathalyzer, and would determine if you had been using your phone illegally on the road. Lawmakers in New York and a handful of other cities and states are considering allowing police to use the device to crack into phones because, they say, too many people get away with texting and driving and causing crashes. "Phone records — as I found out the hard way — they're tough to get [and] it's an agonizing process," says Ben Lieberman of New Castle, N.Y., whose 19-year-old son was killed in a car crash in the Hudson Valley, north of New York City, in 2011. The driver of the car his son Evan was in drifted over the center line and hit another vehicle head-on. Evan, who was sitting in the back seat with his seat belt on, suffered massive internal injuries and died a month later. The driver initially told police he dozed off while driving, but in reality he had been texting behind the wheel. It took Lieberman six months to figure that out. "Astonishingly, the phone was in the car, wrecked in the car, and it was at a tow yard," he says. "It was there for weeks — it was just sitting there." Lieberman says police couldn't check the driver's phone to see if he was lying because they needed probable cause to get a warrant. "We often hear, 'just get a warrant' or 'just get the phone records.' ... The implication is that the warrant is like filling out some minor form," he says. "It's not. In New York, it involves a D.A. and a judge. Imagine getting a D.A. and a judge involved in every breathalyzer that's administered, every sobriety test that's administered." Lieberman filed a civil lawsuit to subpoena the phone records, which showed the driver had been texting before the crash. But even getting the phone records won't tell you much, he says. "It doesn't detect any of the important distractions, like email, social media or Web browsing." So even though New York and most other states ban texting and other kinds of cellphone use while driving, Lieberman says those laws are difficult to enforce. "The takeaway is, our current law is a joke," he says. Lieberman — along with the advocacy group he co-founded — has been working with a company called Cellebrite to develop a "textalyzer." It would be able to determine whether a driver illegally was using a phone in the moments before a crash. Cellebrite engineer Lee Papathanasiou demonstrated the device for lawmakers and reporters at the New York State Capitol in Albany earlier this week. He says a police officer just goes to the driver and attaches a cord to connect the device to the phone. The driver doesn't even have to let go of the device. "They can simply just tap one button ... and it will process, about 90 seconds or so, and it will show what the last activities were — again that could be a text message and so on — with a time stamp," Papathanasiou says. The device would display a summary of what apps on the phone were open and in use, he says, as well as screen taps and swipes. "For example, if it was a WhatsApp message, or a call, it will indicate what the source was, the time stamp, and then what the direction of the communication was — so if it was an outgoing call versus an incoming call." Papathanasiou says the technology still isn't fully developed, but would be tailored to what's legal in each jurisdiction that approves its use. And he insists that the textalyzer would only capture taps and swipes to determine if a driver was using the phone — that it would not download content — and that it would be able to tell if the driver was using a phone legally, hands-free. But some privacy advocates and civil libertarians are wary. "Distracted driving is a serious concern, but this bill gives police power to take and search our phones after almost every fender-bender," says Rashida Richardson, legislative counsel for the New York Civil Liberties Union. "This is a concern because our phones have some of our most personal and private information — so we're certain that if this law is enforced as it is proposed, it will not only violate people's privacy rights, but also civil liberties." Traffic fatalities nationwide are on the rise, with close to 40,000 across the country last year, an increase of 6 percent. With a significant number of those fatalities attributed in part to distractions from phones, safety advocates — including Debbie Hersman, who heads the National Safety Council — say this could be big. "The textalyzer is going to be a game-changer when it comes to handheld devices and potentially even in-vehicle systems," Hersman says. "It will be the Breathalyzer of our electronics." In New York, the bill authorizing police to use the textalyzer has passed out of one committee and is pending in another. Lawmakers are interested in the device

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Golden Globes and Box-Office Gold

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Provided: "['represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details', "NPR's Alex Chadwick talks with Iraqi Election Commissioner Safwat Rashid about the surprisingly high turnout for Sunday's vote, and what he sees in Iraq's future."]" Match: "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Iraqi Election Commissioner Safwat Rashid']"

NPR's Karen Grigsby Bates speaks with NPR's Kim Masters about the importance of the Golden Globes and other awards for helping films gain prestige and box office returns.

Stories: 1) Green Day's Billie Joe Armstrong Takes Broadway 2) 'Green Hornet', 'Dilemma' Prove Bromance Is Dead


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Question: From A Recently Released

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From a recently released C-D, the U.S.S.R. Symphony Orchestra performs the third movement from Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky's Suite No. 2 in C major, Op. 53. The orchestra is conducted by Evgeny Svetlanov (ehv-GAY-nee svyet-LAH-nahv). (Melodiya 74321170992)

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: Hot Toys and Toy Stocks

We talk about the toy business, take a look at some of the season's hottest toys, and talk about some great toy company stocks with industry analyst Chris Byrne, also knows as the "Toy Guy."

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Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: Farewell, Bosses: A Wave Of Young Entrepreneurs

Thirty-year-old Alisha Mustafa spent years working at low-paying restaurant jobs. The unemployment rate hovers around 10 percent in her hometown of Bloomington, Ind. "I've worked it all in this town," she says. "I've worked for so many restaurants, and last year was my year from hell in the industry." So, she quit and started her own business. Now, she spends most days baking treats like gluten-free strawberry mango pie for her business, Mustafa Pie Co. More young people like Mustafa are fighting the slow job market by doing exactly what she did: building something of their own. According to a survey from last year, 54 percent of the nation's millennials — ages 18 to 34 — want to start a business or already have. Don Kuratko, the chairman of entrepreneurship at Indiana University, says that kind of enthusiasm is common when the economy dips and career track jobs dry up. But, the current surge of entrepreneurship seems to be attracting a new kind of business, he says. It's called the lean startup. "It's become very popular," Kuratko says. "It talks about starting with the very micro-enterprise idea and moving quickly into your market and testing it and getting customers right away, and trying to generate some revenue and use that revenue to grow on that." In Columbus, Ind., Steve Riche started his own specialized Web design firm. He says he hated his human resources job at a big auto parts manufacturer and decided to work out of his house instead. His desk is now covered in action figures, and miniature superhero models spill out of his drawer. "Since leaving my respectable day job, I've kind of embraced my inner child again," Riche says. He works mostly from his couch, which he says is crucial to his business plan. "We've been able to run the business and not have any kind of loan hanging over our head with the idea that if things don't pan out, then OK, we'll walk away scot-free and find jobs elsewhere and not be indebted to anyone," he says. Even if Riche ever did decide to work outside a living room, getting a business loan would be tough. According to a recent Federal Reserve report, small businesses are facing some of the strictest loan requirements in almost two decades. Riche seems to be doing just fine for now. His company currently has major contracts with several area banks and the city's hospital. Amber Fischvogt, director of the Columbus Area Chamber of Commerce, helped Riche's business grow from a client base of few friends into an established firm. She says the idea of starting a couch-based business has exploded because it's easy to find the resources. "If you look at barriers to entry maybe 20 years ago and think about computers, technology, access to resources and then you look at it today — the barriers are dropped tremendously," Fischvogt says. But before you start calling this uptick in millennial entrepreneurship an economic victory, consider that it's still very risky to start a business from scratch. Studies show that about 80 percent of all startups fail within the first few years. Now, add that sobering statistic to the findings of a University of Tennessee study. The No. 1 reason new businesses fall short? Inexperience.

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Stories: 1) 'Just One More Thing' About Falk, TV's 'Columbo' 2) What Happens When Charter Schools Fail?


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Question: Excerpt: The Kingdom Of Back

SALZBURG, AUSTRIA 1759   MOZART BY THE OCEAN   Sometimes, a day comes along that seems possessed by a certain shade of magic. You know those moments. There is a peculiar pattern to the silhouettes of leaves quivering against the sunbeam on the floor. The dust in the air glows white, charmed. Your voice is a note suspended in the breeze. The sounds outside your window seem very far away, songs of another world, and you imagine that this is the moment just before something unusual happens. Perhaps it is happening right now.   My day of magic arrived on a bright autumn morning, when the poplar trees swayed against a golden city. I had recently turned eight years old. My brother, Wolfgang, was not yet four.   I was still playing through my exercises when Papa came through the door with Herr Schachtner at his side, the two of them discussing some matter or other about the archbishop, their hair blown wispy from the bustle of the Getreidegasse, the city&;s main thoroughfare, on which our home stood.   I paused in the middle of my arpeggios and folded my hands in my lap. Even now, I can remember the uneven stitching of my blue petticoat, my white hands against black clavier keys, the skeleton leaves clinging to Herr Schachtner&;s shoulders. His voice had been steeped in something rich and baritone. The scent of the street&; wind and smoke and baked bread&;lingered like a perfume on his coat.   My lips were rosy and dry. My hair stayed neatly curled behind my neck in loose dark waves, held back with pins. I was still too young to fuss over my appearance, so my mother had left me in a simple state.   &;Herr Schachtner!&; My mother&;s voice sweetened with surprise at the sound of men in the room. She said this as if we were not expecting him at all, the esteemed court trumpeter of Salzburg, as if we had not planned everything in advance for his visit. &;Such talk of the archbishop and the orchestra, it&;s no wonder you and my husband are always tired. Sebastian,&; she added, nodding at our manservant. &;The Herr&;s coat and hat.&;   Sebastian hung up the court trumpeter&;s belongings. They were finely made, velvet encrusted with gold lining, his hat made of beaver pelt and trimmed with lace. Beside them, my father&;s coat appeared worn, the threads thin at the elbows. My eyes wandered to the hem of my mother&;s dress&;it was fraying, the color dull. We were the look of a family forever on the edge of respectable.   My father was too busy with our guest to pay me any mind, but Mama noticed the stiffness in my posture and the paleness of my cheeks. She gave me an encouraging glance as she passed me.   Steady, little one, she had said to me earlier in the morning. You have practiced hard for this. Do not be nervous.   I kept her words in mind and tried to loosen my shoulders. But Papa had timed their arrival a bit too early this morning. I had only played my scales so far. My fingers had not yet shaken the cold from their tips, and when I pressed down on the keys, they still felt as if they were somewhere far away.   My brother stayed mercifully out of sight today, hiding somewhere in our parents&; bedroom, no doubt up to some mischief. I hoped he would remain quiet until Herr Schachtner left, or at least until I finished playing.   The Herr gave Mama a warm smile that crinkled the edges of his mouth and molded his face into a pleasant sight. &;Ah, Frau Mozart,&; he replied, winking at her as he kissed her hand. &;I always tell Leopold how lucky he is to have found the rare woman with a good ear.&;   My mother blushed and thanked him for his kind words. Her skirts glided against the floor as she curtsied. &;I can only claim my gifted ear from my father,&; she told him. &;He was a talented musician, you know.&;   As she moved, I memorized the polite tilt of her head and the way she tucked a stray hair behind her ear. Somewhere in those movements must have been her true reaction to his statement, but her face remained as it always was, serene and secretive, sweet and mild. It was clear she pleased the Herr, because his grin broadened.   &;Yes, God has blessed me in many ways,&; my father said. His smile was coiled as tightly as my nerves. His eyes flashed in my direction, hard and glittering. &;Nannerl inherits her good ear from her mother, as you&;ll soon see.&;   It was my unspoken cue. At my father&;s words, I rose obediently from my bench to greet our guest. Papa disliked it when I curtsied without stepping away from the clavier or let my gaze wander anywhere that was not the floor. He said it made visitors think me a distracted and careless young lady.   I could not give Herr Schachtner any reason to find me rude.   Serene and sweet. I thought of Mama and tried to imitate the way she had lowered her head just so, the demure way she&;d swept her skirts across the floor. Still, my curiosity stirred, and my eyes darted immedia

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"['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'What For? marks a change from the sound of Toro Y Moi\'s previous album, Anything In Return; the emphasis this time is on guitar rather than on the electronics and keyboards of the last record. Toro Y Moi\'s Chaz Bundick made his debut in 2010 with Causers Of This, and soon got lumped in with an assortment of "chillwave" acts — an oversimplification of his versatile sound. Here, Toro Y Moi plays songs from What For? live in the studio.']" == "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth!', 'Toro Y Moi On World Cafe']"

Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: The Time To Address Afghanistan Is Now

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The leak of Gen. Stanley McChrystal's initial assessment plan to the media puts the Obama administration in a difficult position. If the president decides not to give the commander in Afghanistan all of the troops he has requested, he will be perceived as not heeding the advice of his military commanders and will be severely criticized by the hawks in the Republican Party for being weak on defense, and for not implementing his campaign promises on Afghanistan. If, on the other hand, he gives McChrystal what he requested, he will be criticized by many in his own party and the majority of the American people, who believe that there is no military solution to the problems in Afghanistan, and that the U.S. should not continue to spend more blood and treasure to support a corrupt government, particularly when we have so many problems at home. In making his decision, the president must keep in mind that the very same military leaders who are requesting the troops are responsible for getting us into this mess, and are probably responsible for leaking the document.  Since taking office in the fall of 2007, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Adm. Michael Mullen, refused to support the requests of Gen. McChrystal's predecessors, Gens. Dan McNeill and David McKiernan, for more troops. Both of these generals asked for some 30,000 troops. Had Mullen and Secretary of Defense Robert Gates supported these requests, the situation in Afghanistan would not be, in Mullen's words, "serious and deteriorating."  Moreover, when McChrystal was on Mullen's staff right before he went to Afghanistan, he said he did not know how bad the situation was. Really? Was he not listening to his predecessors? Finally, military commanders always want more, whether it is more troops, resources or time. That way, if things do not work out, they have a built-in excuse. The president must also remember that unlike his predecessor, he has already sent a significant number of additional troops to Afghanistan and that, since his election, the U.S. military presence in Afghanistan has doubled to 68,000. President Obama needs to give a health care-like address to the Congress and the American people on Afghanistan. He needs to lay out exactly why he believes, as he told the Veterans of Foreign Wars, that Afghanistan is a war of necessity; who is responsible for the grave situation that exists; what his goals are; and how long and at what cost it will take to achieve them. Only then will he be able to blunt the criticisms on his left and right.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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['', 'Ballot Measure Backers Take Lessons from Ad Industry'] == ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'As the State Legislature convenes its new 2-year session, lawmakers will begin discussions on how to implement the $42 billion in public works bonds approved by voters. The backers of the education bond Proposition 1D, borrowed many of their practices to the commercial advertising lessons of Madison Avenue.'] != ['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR!', "Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music."]

Question: Voice artist and animation historian KEITH SCOTT has written the new book "The Moose That <A H...

Voice artist and animation historian KEITH SCOTT has written the new book "The Moose That  Roared: The Story of Jay Ward, Bill Scott, a Flying Squirrel, and a Talking Moose" (St. Martin's Press) The book is about the creator (Jay Ward) and writer (Bill Scott) of the popular Rocky & Bullwinkle TV cartoon show of the late 1950s, early 60s. The new film "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle" is based on the characters and stars Robert Deniro, Rene Russo, and Jason Alexander. SCOTT also is the voice of Bullwinkle in the film. (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW).12:28:30  FORWARD PROMO (:29)12:29:00  I.D. BREAK (:59)12:

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eteran music businessman BILL ALDER, and poet BOB HOLMAN are partners of Mouth Almighty Records which is distributing the condensed soundtrack of the PBS series, "The United States of Poetry", a MTV version of the spoken words featuring everything from rappers to beat poets. (the label Mouth Almighty, is distributed by Mercury Records, in New York, 212-333-8000) (THIS CONTINUES AFTER THE 1:00 FLOATER)BILL ADLER and BOB HOLMAN continued.


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Question: How Best To Encourage Black 'Teenpreneurs'

African-American entrepreneurs from all over the country have gathered in Ohio this week. Guest host Celeste Headlee speaks with Mike Green of the America21 Project about how to help black youth become more competitive in business. We also hear from teen entrepreneur Amber Liggett who started her own business, 'Amber's Amazing Animal Balloons.'

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Stories: 1) Putting Puppies Behind Bars (For A Good Cause) 2) Forensic Vet Helps Prevent Animal Cruelty 3) Rescuing Katrina's Four-Legged Victims


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Question: Nunez: Dems Will Fix Budget Solo, If Needed

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With the clock ticking for legislators to resolve the current year fiscal crisis, Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez vowed today to do it without Republicans if necessary.
In comments to the Sacramento Press Club, the Los Angeles Democrat emphasized that he hopes to find common ground with GOP lawmakers on how to resolve the $3.3 billion shortfall [...]

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)