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Question: #NPRreads: The Power Of Nicki Minaj And The Failure Of ESPN's 'Black Grantland'

#NPRreads is a weekly feature on Twitter and on The Two-Way. The premise is simple: Correspondents, editors and producers from our newsroom share the pieces that have kept them reading, using the #NPRreads hashtag. On Fridays, we highlight some of the best stories. This week, we bring you three items. From Sam Sanders, a reporter on NPR's Washington Desk: Nicki Minaj is infinitely interesting. A Technicolor hip-hop wordsmith wrapped in neon wigs and profanity, and sex-positivity and Barbie metaphors. The profile of Minaj in this week's New York Times Magazine gets at all of that: Minaj's bold, refreshing take on what it means to be a woman in hip-hop, and what it means to be a black celebrity covered by mostly white media — the article goes there. And then it goes further. Toward the end of the piece, the author talks about asking Nicki a question she didn't like, probing her about some very public feuds that men around her (rappers Meek Mill, Drake, Lil Wayne and Birdman) have found themselves in recently. Then Nicki flips the script. After saying it was wrong of the writer to "put down a woman for something that men do, as if they're children and I'm responsible," Minaj tells the author, "I don't care to speak to you anymore," and then ejects the writer from her hotel room. It was peak Nicki — always in control, always winning. The author, Vanessa Grigoriadis, wrote:  "Minaj's actions made sense, in some ways: Even though I had no intention of putting her down as a small-minded or silly woman, she was right to call me out. She had the mike and used it to her advantage, hitting the notes that we want stars like her to address right now, particularly those of misogyny and standing up for yourself, even if it involves standing up for yourself against another woman."  It captured all the contradictions in being Nicki Minaj, and all the contradictions present in even talking about her: Is she uplifting women or putting them down? Is she in control of her sexuality or bound by it? Is she strategic or just mercurial? The author really doesn't figure it out, but it's nice to read about her journey and have her reveal so candidly where she might have failed in her quest. From Laura Wagner, a blogger for NPR's The Two-Way: When ESPN announced the establishment of a new website, billed as "Black Grantland," in the summer of 2013, I was excited. With its coverage of sports and pop culture, Grantland embodies part of what I've long believed: Sports don't happen in a vacuum. The intersection of sports, culture, politics and economics can be even more compelling than one of Odell Beckham's specialty catches or Jake Arrieta's sublime pitching. I like a highlight reel as much as the next fan, but the real power of sports stems from consideration of their position within our society. So, I thought, a website dedicated to sports and to race — one of the most defining social topics of our time — would be huge. But weeks turned to months and months turned to years, and today, the much touted site, The Undefeated, is no more than a single webpage with a collection of articles from contributors. In the article "How ESPN's Fear Of The Truth Defeated 'Black Grantland,' " Deadspin's Greg Howard writes in depth on what went wrong. Howard points to several decisions made by ESPN brass that hamstrung the site's progress, but none, he says, was more damaging than initially naming Jason Whitlock editor-in-chief.  "Whitlock is an unsophisticated thinker on race who wrote his belief in black pathology into the The Undefeated's DNA, and whose ideas about respectability politics bled into each piece he edited before he was tossed aside. His ideology was formed over 20 years of writing opinions on race that were largely inaccurate, but, more importantly, firmly aligned with the opinions of many whites. Though he'd alienated many blacks along the way, including talented ESPN colleagues, his readings of American history were agreeable to an enormous portion of ESPN's audience. He was decidedly safe and unchallenging. Through this lens, Whitlock was, in theory at least, the perfect choice to run the site."  Whitlock didn't last at the helm, possible replacements have been floated and forgotten, and the grand vision for the site has faded. Still, Howard says, "if ESPN wanted to, it could easily put together the greatest black publication of all time right now."  "The money, the prestige, and the audience were and are there. That they entrusted such an opportunity to Jason Whitlock, though, and that they've done nothing much after years of continual failure, is really all you need to know about what ESPN wants its black-interest site to be, and about what's possible at a company that could, if it wanted to, do absolutely anything at all."  From Jessica Taylor, a reporter on NPR's Washington Desk: The biggest question in Washington right now is what Joe Biden is going to do. The vice president has been deciding for months whether he wants to make

Stories: 1) David Rakoff's 'Half Empty' Full Of Humor, Guilt 2) 'Stand Up, Speak Out,' Derrick Bell Told Law Students 3) John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence 4) 'Ides Of March': These Days, All Politics Is Lowball


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Question: Pro-Trump Militias: Election Day & Beyond

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'Atlantic' writer Mike Giglio profiles the Oath Keepers, a pro-Trump militia group, in a new article. They have recruited thousands of police, soldiers and veterans. We talk about what they might do on Election Day and after. "We, as Americans, are so comfortable with the idea of sending people out into foreign wars. And now [these militia groups are] starting to look at America itself as a part of that battle space." Giglio also shares insights from covering civil wars overseas.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No Closer To DACA Deal, Republicans Push Plan B To Keep Government Open. -- Ex-CIA Officer Arrested On Suspicion Of Exposing U.S. Spy Network In China. -- Majority Of National Park Service Board Resigns Citing Administration Indifference. -- Opioid Crisis Blamed For Sharp Increase In Accidental Deaths In U.S. -- Bright Light, Sonic Boom As Likely Meteor Streaks Across Southern Michigan. And here are more early headlines: Winter Storm Warnings, Advisories Across U.S. East. (NWS) Stop-Gap Spending Bill Imperiled By Conservative GOP, Democrats. (AP) In Vancouver Meeting, Korean War Allies Discuss North Korea. (Los Angeles Times) Bob Dole To Be Awarded Congressional Gold Medal. (Politico) Waiting For "The Fakeys": Will Trump's Fake News Awards Event Happen? (Reuters)


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Question: Baseball Playoff Races Are Heating Up

With Major League Baseball’s regular season in its home stretch, Here & Now’s Peter O’Dowd checks in with sports analyst Mike Pesca to see who’s looking good for the division championships and the wild car slots in the American and National League. Guest

Mike Pesca, Here & Now sports analyst and host of Slate’s daily podcast The Gist. He tweets @pescami.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Louisville Player's Surgery A Success; Leg Break Shouldn't End His Career -- Texas On 'High Alert' After District Attorney's Killing -- It's Almost Cicada Time! Help Radiolab Track #Swarmageddon -- Book News: Shakespeare Was A Tax Evader And Food Hoarder, Researchers Say -- If Something Smells Funny, Remember What Day It Is Other stories making headlines: -- "South Korea Vows Fast Response To North; U.S. Deploys Stealth Jets." (Reuters) -- "Drug Maker Novartis Loses India Patent Battle." (The Associated Press) -- In Southwestern Virginia, "3 Dead, Dozens Hospitalized" After Dense Fog Causes Multi-Vehicle Pileup. (The Roanoke Times) -- Prosecutors Weigh Pursuing Death Penalty In Colorado Theater Killings; James Holmes Has Offered Guilty Plea For Life Sentence. (The Denver Post) -- Atlanta Educators Indicted In Cheating Scandal To Turn Themselves In. (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution) -- Play Ball! Major League Baseball Season Gets Going. (MLB.com)


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Question: Africa Update: AFRICOM Now In Full Operation

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On today's "Africa Update," the U.S. military is expanding its footprint in Africa, and that has some people worried.  Plus, a new study shows some hopeful signs in the quality of African governance.  For more, Farai Chideya talks with Emira Woods, co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies. FARAI CHIDEYA, host:   This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.   The U.S. military is expanding its footprint in Africa, and that's got some people worried. Plus a new study show some hopeful signs in the quality of African governance. We've got that and more in out Africa Update with Emira Woods, she's co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies. Hi, Emira.   Ms. EMIRA WOODS (Co-Director, Foreign Policy in Focus, Institute for Policy Studies): Hey, Farai.   CHIDEYA: So last week, the U.S. African military commander, AFRICOM, took over all U.S. military operations in Africa. Before AFRICOM was created a year ago, the American military involvement was split between the European Command, Central Command, and Pacific Command. Those are all different command units overseeing different aspects of the military by geography. Now, AFRICOM is headed by a four star general, William Ward. He says AFRICOM represents part of a new U.S. strategy to engage with Africa.  General WILLIAM WARD (AFRICOM): I think there was a misperception that the command was being stood up to establish large bases, garrisons on the continent of Africa, bringing in large numbers of troops. Not the case at all. We're not a command that's going to have squadrons of airmen and battalions of soldiers and garrisons of other troops on the continent of Africa. We're not going to militarize the continent.  CHIDEYA: What do you think people on the continent of Africa are making of this question, you know?  Ms. WOODS: I think people see this as an expansion of the U.S. military footprint on African soil. They see it as the U.S. interested in Africa, because of all of these strategic assets. Clearly oil is top of the list, with 24 percent of U.S. oil now coming from the African continent. Controlling oil is key for this administration and for the U.S. in general. You know, and Farai, I think the other issue people are concerned about is that the Bush administration is interested in countering China and creating a presence that would counteract the influence of China that's expanding on the continent. And of course the last issue is around this so-called war on terror, where people see Africa as the next frontier in the so-called war on terror.   And so there's a tremendous amount of skepticism, in fact, throughout the continent. Voices of resistance from governments, from non-governmental organizations really, throughout the continent really, saying, what is this? At a time where there is a global financial crisis, when people are facing not only the fuel crisis, but food, global food crisis, this is the last thing that Africa needs. More support training equipment for militaries on the continent, and increasing, also, the U.S. military's footprint there.  CHIDEYA: Let's talk about governance. Now, in much of sub-Saharan Africa, there are questions of transition, leadership, accountability. But according to a new report by the Ibrahim Index of African Governance, there has been an improvement since 2006. The best-governed countries, it says, were South Africa, Botswana, Mauritius, Seychelles.  The worst included Somalia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chad, Sudan and Angola. So explain a little bit more about how you can even come up with an index of good governance.  Ms. WOODS: Well, you know, this is a very wealthy business man, Mo Ibrahim, who has decided to create a prize for leadership in Africa, and he's decided to give the prize to these heads of state that he and a cohort of others deem worthy. And so the Index is meant to take a basket of sort of political goods, in terms of transparency, of accountability, and to put a stamp of approval on who's performing well and who's not. I guess I have to say I found it interesting that one of the key countries, Equatorial Guinea, that many say is at issue in terms of human rights violations and, you know, it's interesting that that was off the list. It's quite ironic, you know, that some countries, particularly countries that are oil exporters, interestingly enough, Farai, didn't quite make it to the list. So I think it is encouraging that this index has shed light on some of the positive gains on the continent, but I think it is also interesting who's left off the list.   CHIDEYA: So you're saying that could have been not quite fair?  Ms. WOODS: Well, I think clearly when it comes to governance, we need to have people say, you know, people within the country having their vote, determining their leaders, holding those leaders accountable. That's the best barometer of good governance, you know. So this is sort of an external actor that is giving a stam

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Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: Ferguson Mayor Knowles Slams 'Hostile Language' From Eric Holder

Saying that he's trying to save the community of Ferguson, Mo., Mayor James Knowles says that he is frustrated and concerned by the tone of Attorney General Eric Holder's remarks about his city and its police department — both of which were harshly criticized in a recent Justice Department report. Knowles also says that he sees no reason to step down, as some of his critics have demanded, stating that he still has residents' support. The mayor spoke about Ferguson's response to the Justice report and the renewed calls for his resignation in an interview with All Things Considered co-host Melissa Block on Friday afternoon. Of the shooting of two officers outside the Ferguson Police Department earlier this week, Knowles says, "As we saw the other night, violence like that is clearly going to set back both sides of this community." He adds that tensions have risen in Ferguson, where "officers are concerned for their safety; residents are concerned for their own safety right now." Saying that the city of Ferguson is continuing to go over the federal report that found "a pattern of unconstitutional policing," Knowles says the city's officials want to work with the federal government. But he stops short of committing to having a federal monitor oversee what Holder called for: "immediate, wholesale and structural corrective action." Knowles tells Melissa, "We also have to recognize that there are financial limitations to what the city can do — and there's also what many residents in our community want to make sure that the city takes care of along the way." Discussing the Justice Department's findings, Holder has said the federal government would "use all the power" it has to bring change to Ferguson — including dismantling the city's police department, if that's necessary. "My understanding is that he does not have the power to dismantle the Ferguson Police Department," Knowles says. "He has the power to sue us as a city, into bankruptcy and submission, and whatnot. But as an edict, to just say that the police department can't operate — my understanding is that he does not have the power to do that. "That being said," Knowles continues, "I have been and continue to be open to having a dialogue and work together to find an agreeable solution for all of us. Unfortunately, there continues to be hostile language coming out of the Justice Department — or rather, from Eric Holder, specifically." Asked to clarify that remark, Knowles says that when he has spoken with "bureaucrats at the DOJ — and I mean bureaucrats in that they're lifelong, career DOJ officials — there is a great sense of optimism from them, and from us, about working together. At the same time, I turn on CNN and watch Eric Holder — that's not the same language the DOJ uses with us. So, I think that is frustrating, and concerning." The shootings occurred during a protest spurred by the announcement that Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson is resigning. Many of the protesters have demanded that Knowles should also go. Activist Montague Simmons of the Organization for Black Struggle tells NPR's Cheryl Corley, "If the city is really going to experience what we've been fighting for, those folks who've been maintaining and protecting the institution have to get out of the way." Responding to the call for a "clean slate" in Ferguson to help the community start over, Knowles says, "Look, somebody here has to be left standing, to make sure that the government continues to operate." Noting that he can be removed from his post by being either voted out of office, impeached, or recalled, Knowles says, "I get, on a daily basis, an enormous amount of support from residents of all backgrounds, ages and races. So, I have not seen any reason why I should step down." He adds:  "I have been committed for the last six months — well, seven months — to making sure that this community hangs together, and bringing this community together. And I'm going to continue to do that. If the people decide that I'm not the person to do that, that's fine. "You know, I'm a part-time mayor who has taken a sabbatical from my full-time job that I pay my bills and support my family with, to make sure that this community can come together... and to save this community. I've given every last measure at this point, and I will continue to do so, as long as the citizens will have me."

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News Headlines: Sept. 26, 2007 AP: Lawmakers Seek Jena 6 Teen's Release -- "'Our first responsibility is to get young Mychal Bell out of prison,' said Rep. John Conyers, the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who said he will pressure the Justice Department to take a hard look at 'the miscarriages of justice that have occurred in Jena, Louisiana.'" Jesse Jackson says Pres. Bush should intervene in this case. Should he? More Headlines:The AJC: Cosby, Morehouse Chief: Parenting Is the Answer Chicago Tribune: Family Steps Up Search for Missing Chicago Woman The AJC: Tyler Perry Property Dispute Creates Drama Radio Free Europe: At UN, Bush And Ahmadinejad Talk Poverty, Tyranny | Bush's UN Speech Full of Phonetic Pronunciations AP: Giuliani $9.11 Party Draws Criticism From Dodd CBS News: Subtle Racism Might Make Your Brain Hurt AP: Group Points Out O'Reilly Race Comments Reuters: Smithsonian Opens Virtual African American Museum The New York Times (Editorial): Detroit at the Brink NBC News: Verdict In: Bonds Ball Headed for Cooperstown [An update to our interview with Marc Ecko.]


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Question: Pakistani Journalist Hamid Mir

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Forum talks to Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir, the only one to have interviewed Osama bin Laden after the events of September 11, 2001.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


Question: Embassy Bombing Trial

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Jurors in the embassy bombings trial in New York embarked on what are expected to be laborious deliberations. The four men on trial are charged with the August, 1998 attacks on US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. From New York, NPR's Melissa Block reports.

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Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: The Associated Press

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Forum sits down with journalist Scott Lindlaw of the Associated Press to discuss the new book, "Breaking News: How The Associated Press Has Covered War, Peace and Everything Else."

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


Question: It's ScuttleButton Time!

We're close to reaching the breaking point. The White House knows it. Democrats and Republicans in Congress know it. Wall Street knows it, economists know it. We've been pushing this off for quite some time, and now it's time to take action. Of course, I'm talking about solving this week's ScuttleButton puzzle. ScuttleButton, of course, is that once-a-week waste of time exercise in which each Monday or Tuesday I put up a vertical display of buttons on this site. Your job is to simply take one word (or concept) per button, add 'em up, and, hopefully, you will arrive at a famous name or a familiar expression. (And seriously, by familiar, I mean it's something that more than one person on Earth would recognize.) For years, a correct answer chosen at random would get his or her name posted in this column, an incredible honor in itself. Now the stakes are even higher. Thanks to the efforts of the folks at Talk of the Nation, that person also hears their name mentioned on the Wednesday show (by me) and receives a Political Junkie t-shirt in the bargain. Is this a great country or what? You can't use the comments box at the bottom of the page for your answer. Send submission (plus your name and city/state — you won't win without that) to politicaljunkie@npr.org. (Why do people keep forgetting to include their name and city/state?) And, by adding your name to the Political Junkie mailing list, you will be among the first on your block to receive notice about the column and the puzzle. Sign up at politicaljunkie@npr.org. Or you can make sure to get an automatic RSS feed whenever a new Junkie post goes up by clicking here. Good luck! By the way, I always announce the winner on Wednesday's Junkie segment on TOTN — eight days after the puzzle goes up. So you should try and get your answer in as soon as possible. But logistically, you have about a week to submit your guess. Here are the buttons used and the answer to last week's puzzle: Hay Krajewski Hay! Hay! — Henry Krajewski, a pig farmer from Secaucus, ran several times for president and governor of New Jersey in the 1950s. This item is probably from one of the gov. campaigns. Ban the Bra — A feminist cause button from the late '60s/early '70s that in many ways makes a lot of sense. Sam & Ham — Supporters of Hamilton Jordan, former President Carter's chief of staff who was seeking the Democratic Senate nomination from Georgia in 1986, attempted to link him with popular Sen. Sam Nunn. But Jordan lost the primary to Wyche Fowler. Stan Leen is in Business for ME./Leen for Governor — He ran as an independent in Maine in 1974. Cahn for District Attorney — William Cahn, a New York Republican, served as D.A. for Nassau County (Long Island) from 1962 until 1974. So, when you combine Hay + Bra + Ham + Leen + Cahn, you may just very well end up with ... Abraham Lincoln. The nation's 16th president who did such a good job that he's now starring in a movie about himself. The winner, chosen completely at random, is ... Kathleen O'Donnell of Keene, N.H.   Kathleen gets not only the coveted Political Junkie t-shirt — but the Official No Prize Button as well! And don't forget to check out this week's Political Junkie column, which focuses on the 2013 elections. Click here to read the column.

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news: It's a Bird! It's A Plane! It's Amazon!; The Holy Doorman; Father Stealthmas.


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Question: Returning To The Iran Nuclear Deal Is Essential For Biden's Foreign Policy Agenda

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For President Biden, a swift return to the Iran nuclear deal is essential not only for curbing a major national security threat, but also for the rest of his foreign policy agenda.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert Transferred Out Of Prison. -- 'American Nightmare': How A U.S. Police Shooting Is Roiling Australia. -- Wildfires Rage Through British Columbia, Forcing 40,000 From Their Homes. -- England Unveils New 10-Pound Note Featuring Jane Austen. -- Kermit The Frog Actor Fired Over 'Unacceptable Business Conduct'.  And here are more early headlines: U.S. To Impose Sanctions Over Iran's Ballistic Missile Program. (Reuters) Duterte Wants To Extend Martial Law In Southern Philippines. (AP) Trump Warns Venezuela Against Rewriting Its Constitution. (CNBC)


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Question: Filmically Perfect   "CREEP SHOW" 1982

Five jolting tales of horror from the cryptkeepr! (illustrated by Jack Davis)

Interview with DAVID CALOF cont'd.Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]


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Question: A Salute to the King of Texas Swing

Music critic Ashley Kahn presents an appreciation of Bob Wills, "The King of Texas Swing."  This weekend, fans are celebrating what would have been the singer's 100th birthday.

Stories: 1) New Albums By Booker T. And Allen Toussaint 2) Booker T. Jones: Onions, Potatoes, Other Essentials 3) Passionate About The Passive Voice


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Question: Forest People Return To Their Land ... As Tour Guides

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Like other hunter-gatherers of Central Africa who've been cast out of their jungle homes, when the Batwa forest people of southwest Uganda lost their forest, they lost their identity. The Batwa were evicted from their rain forest kingdom in 1991, when two neighboring national parks, Mgahinga and Bwindi, were created to protect shrinking habitat for the endangered mountain gorilla. Mgahinga National Park's 13 square miles are dense with towering bamboo, braided vines, wild fruit, forest elephants and cape buffalo. The place is also filled with poignant memories for the Batwa because they can no longer live here — they can only visit. A Novel Tourism Project But the Batwa are heading back into their former kingdom, leading tourists through the jungle on the Batwa Trail. For $80 a person — lunch and rain gear not included — tourists can trek with the tribesmen deep into Mgahinga and encounter the lost world of the Batwa. The Batwa Trail, now 2 years old, helps preserve and promote culture by having Batwa guides show tourists their traditional way of life. It also generates money for the community: Batwa guides and the musicians earn the equivalent of $3.25 on days when there are tourists. The rest of the money goes to a tribal trust and the Uganda Wildlife Authority. An estimated 250,000 to 500,000 forest peoples — "pygmy" is the more controversial label — inhabit a band of rainforest that stretches from Cameroon to Uganda. They are threatened by encroaching logging, national park evictions, racism, and health problems that come with extreme poverty. "I live an unhappy life compared to the way we used to live in the forest," says Steven Barahirwa, the chief guide, speaking through a translator. "Now I am a squatter on other peoples' land. I don't have property of my own, just a tiny thatch hut." Barahirwa says his people make little money working for other people, carrying sacks of potatoes to market on their heads, scavenging the food that's left behind in the fields, and begging on the streets in the Ugandan town of Kisoro. A Glimpse Into A Nearly Lost World Over the course of a four-hour tromp through the jungle, a handful of small-framed Batwa men dressed in goatskins lead the way into their former forest lair. They point out plants used to treat hypertension, ulcers and tapeworms, and reveal the root they use as an aphrodisiac and the wild lavender used on the wedding bed. Batwa guides explain how they strip leathery bark off thick lianas with which to weave baskets, how they turn sections of thick bamboo into canteens, and how they make fire and smoke bees out of tree hollows so that they can harvest the honey — which is so valuable to the Batwa they use it as a bride price. When they reach a clearing that offers a view of a sacred mountain they call the Old Man's Teeth, the guides burst into ecstatic song. The Wildlife Authority's park manager, Hamza Kaemonges, says the trail has helped conservation. "Most of that park was ... highly affected by poaching and other illegal activities," Kaemonges says. Since the cultural hikes began, Kaemonges says the Batwa do not sneak back into the forest as much as they used to, to poach animals for bush meat and cut trees for firewood. A Partial Solution Park officials are talking with the Batwa to allow them in for occasional forays to harvest bark for baskets, wild yams, honey and medicinal plants. It all sounds good, but it's an incomplete solution. What the tribe needs is land. During the eviction 21 years ago, two other tribes that farmed and raised cattle in Mgahinga received compensation, but the Batwa, who lived nomadically in the rain forest, got nothing. "We agree with the conservation goals of the park, protecting wildlife and preserving the watershed," says chief guide Steven Barahirwa. "That's why we don't go in for hunting anymore. But we must have compensation because this used to be our home." Advocacy groups such as Forest Peoples Programme and Survival International say the only real answer is to allow people like the Batwa to return to national park land, because their presence protects the forest from further encroachment. But the Uganda Wildlife Authority is adamant that no one should live in Mgahinga National Park. The Batwa Trail ends inside Garama Cave, a low-ceilinged lava tube beneath the mountain where the chief used to hold his councils, and where women and children hid during battle. A choir in the darkness sings a song of sadness, the guide explains, about how the Batwa were driven from the forest, and how much they miss it. When the trek is over, the Batwa guides and performers gather up their things and leave the national park where they were once masters. They walk down the mountain to the shantytown, where they are servants to other Ugandans, and where they will dream of a day when they may return to the forest. RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:  It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Renee Montagne. STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:  And I'm Steve Inskeep.

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Given ['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'In 2007, Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino\'s Grindhouse, a loving homage to violent, low-budget exploitation cinema, was met with box-office indifference. Most moviegoers couldn\'t get excited about seeing a big-budget recreation of obscure, amateurish cult films they\'d likely never encountered much in the first place. Why spend over three hours in a theater watching a double feature of movies that seemed to aspire to something awful? Because they\'re also an awful lot of fun. That was the directors\' answer then, and Rodriguez (co-directing here with longtime editor Ethan Maniquis) continues to have a blast with Machete, which he first introduced as one of the fake trailers that came packaged with Grindhouse. That movie may have tanked, but it didn\'t dissuade the resolutely do-it-yourself director from finally realizing his dream of making a movie starring perennial tough-guy Danny Trejo as an intimidating, blade-wielding ex-Federale. Despite Machete\'s status as the best cop Mexico has ever known, he ends up on the losing end of a battle with Torrez, a crime lord played by action-flick legend Steven Seagal (gamely mocking his own Zen tough-guy persona). After the failed mission costs him his job and his family, Machete winds up an illegal alien on the streets of Austin, Texas, looking for work as a day laborer. A rich, mysterious stranger (Jeff Fahey) coerces him under threat of deportation to gun down a conservative state senator (Robert De Niro) running for re-election on a staunch anti-immigration platform. But a double-cross leaves a revenge-minded Machete on the run from a by-the-books immigration officer (Jessica Alba) and a pack of gun-toting Minutemen (led by Don Johnson), aided only by his Catholic priest brother (Cheech Marin) and an underground network led by Michelle Rodriguez\'s revolutionary "She." Machete shares the same trashy aesthetic as the exploitation films it self-consciously apes: bloody, near-cartoonish violence, a ludicrous plot, scenery-chewing performances and hammy dialogue. But Rodriguez and co-writer Alvaro Rodriguez infuse it with a self-awareness that builds on the inherent (but usually unintended) humor of those movies. This isn\'t a spoof, but Rodriguez knows how to push every scene just far enough over the top to make it funny without entering completely silly territory. That tone is established from the very start, when Machete raids a criminal hideout and begins separating heads and limbs from bodies with brutal efficiency and maximum splatter. But when the situation calls for a gun? He uses one that belonged to one of the dismembered thugs — with the previous owner\'s hand still attached. Machete works because at no time does it ever ask the audience to take any of this too seriously, yet the nudges and winks are never so forceful that it feels like it\'s begging for your laughter. Every actor here is a straight man (or woman), letting the script and the directors create the gags for them. That\'s not to say that the movie is necessarily one big joke. Rodriguez takes dead aim at the anti-immigration movement via the violent xenophobia of De Niro\'s senator, Johnson\'s militia and the casual stereotyping of illegal aliens. As a political statement, Machete is more a hammer than the titular blade. But Rodriguez\'s mandate wasn\'t to make a subtle, nuanced film. The exploitation template at work here requires only a wild, fun ride, and by those raw standards, the movie delivers.(Recommended)'], a positive would be ['represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details.', "'Machete': Out Of The 'Grindhouse,' Trailer First"]

Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: NASA Prepares for a New Shuttle Mission

The Space Shuttle Discovery could be ready to fly by this May. It would be the first launch since the shuttle Columbia broke apart upon its return to Earth two years ago. Commander Eileen Collins discusses the mission, including plans to test methods to patch holes in the shuttle's heat shield during orbit.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- Rushdie Decries 'Mindset Of The Fanatic' That Sparks Anti-American Protests. -- White House Launching Trade Complaints Against China. -- Row Over Photos Of Topless Kate Lands In French Courts. -- It's A Panda! Cub Is Born At National Zoo. Other stories in the news: -- Chicago Teachers' Strike Continues; "Mayor To Seek Legal Remedy." (Chicago Tribune) -- "Japanese Firms Suspend Operations In China;" Moves By Panasonic, Canon And Sony Follow Anti-Japan Protests." (ZDNet) -- "A Look Back At The Rise And Fall Of Occupy." (The Associated Press) -- "AT&T Says Latest iPhone Sets New Sales Record." (The Wall Street Journal) -- Space Shuttle Endeavour's Flight Delayed, "But Arrival In L.A. Remains On Schedule." (Los Angeles Times)


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Question: Egypt Vows To Avenge Deaths Of Coptic Christians

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A video from the so-called Islamic State purports to show a mass beheading of Coptic Christians from Egypt. The 21 Egyptians were kidnapped in Libya in December and January.

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For instance, <<['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', 'A Pentagon spokesperson said this week that there is no way to know how many civilians have been killed in the fight against ISIS. However, an Amnesty International report says the U.S. killed thousands of civilians in the campaign to remove ISIS from Raqqa, Syria. A volcanic eruption in Guatemala turned deadly this week. Ninety-nine people are now known to have died since Sunday, and nearly 200 others remain unaccounted for, according to the BBC. The G7 meeting will be held in Canada this weekend, although some commentators are calling it the G6 + 1 in response to tariffs put in place by the United States. And former basketball player Dennis Rodman is “considering going to Singapore” for the upcoming summit between North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and President Trump. What do we know about how the talks will look? Who will and won’t be at the negotiating table? All this and more on the News Roundup. GUESTS Paul Danahar, Washington bureau chief of the BBC; author of “The New Middle East: The World After the Arab Spring”; @pdanahar Rosiland Jordan, State Department/specials correspondent, Al Jazeera English Television; @RosJordanAJE David Lawler, World news editor, Axios; @davidlawler10 For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2018 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.']>>  to "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth:', 'Friday News Roundup - International']"

Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: Computer Science Professors Says We Can Probably Make Email Better For Everyone

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NPR's Mary Louise Kelly speaks with Cal Newport, a professor of computer science at Georgetown University, about why people are rethinking the usefulness of email for effective work flow.

We look at the origins of three new media giants: Before They Ruled The World, They Were Grad Students; The Very Long Road to Very Short Messages; and Turning Nerds with Webcams Into Stars (Who Are Still Nerds With Webcams).


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Question: A Milestone For A Beloved Monarch

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Today, the 53 countries of the British Commonwealth mark a historic milestone as Queen Elizabeth II becomes the longest-serving monarch in British history. She surpasses Queen Victoria, who reigned for 63 years, seven months and two days. Sixty-four years ago, Quentin Wadman was a Boy Scout in Kenya, then a British colony. Elizabeth, then still a princess, was visiting, and there weren't enough police, so the Boy Scouts were called in to line the route. "We had to wait quite a long time for the princess to come," Wadman recalls. Sitting in an East London retirement home all these decades later, Wadman remembers that one of the Boy Scouts fainted from standing at attention too long. Finally, they heard a shout: "The princess is coming!" "Quickly, men came and set up a portable throne, a small portable throne. And she sat on the throne for a few minutes," Wadman says. Neither he nor the rest of the world had any idea that day — Feb. 5, 1952 — would go down in history. "It was the last day she was a princess," Wadman says. "That night, her father died, and she became queen." The formal coronation ceremony for Queen Elizabeth II took place in London the following year. In archival footage from the BBC, a presenter describes that day: "And here you see more than 30,000 schoolchildren cheering their heads off, having the time of their lives on this coronation day as they see all the queen's horses and men going by." Roger Bardett, now 76, vividly remembers that June day in 1953. "It was a dreadful day," he says. "Rain, rain, rain, all the time. And this coach left Westminster Abbey, and it was still raining. Then there was this sudden interval between the showers, and as she drove towards Buckingham Palace, sun was out. And it would seem quite miraculous that the sun was shining on the new queen." Ninety-four-year-old Leonard Driver has slightly foggier memories of that day. "We all watched it. I was probably half-drunk at the time, because the beer was free!" he says with a laugh. In the 20th century, monarchies crumbled all over the world. The British royal family is a dramatic exception. "I think we're a bit surprised that the monarchy is still here," says Robert Lacey, a historian and author who wrote a biography of Elizabeth II. "You think back to the swinging '60s, satire, the Beatles — you wouldn't have given much time for the monarchy then [or] in the depths of the scandals of the 1990s, Windsor Castle burning down so significantly." Yet it endured. And here's what makes this queen so different from other world leaders: Her clout does not come from great oration. She's not famous for the memorable words that she has spoken or actions she has taken. In fact, says Lacey, it's exactly the opposite. "This absolute refusal to say anything important, this politeness, in an age of celebrity when everybody splashes their emotions and their feelings all over their personal phones, and politicians do the same — actually, someone who respects rules of civility and politeness matters." Today's events capture that quality of hers perfectly. The 89-year-old queen is not celebrating this milestone with fireworks or a palace ball. Instead, she's in Scotland, attending the opening of a new railway line. RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:  The queen marks a big milestone today. Elizabeth II becomes the longest-serving monarch in British history, on the throne for 63 years and seven months, longer than her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria. NPR's Ari Shapiro reports from London that the 53 countries of the Commonwealth will be celebrating. ARI SHAPIRO, BYLINE: Sixty-four years ago, Quentin Wadman was a Boy Scout in Kenya. The country was a British colony at the time. Princess Elizabeth was visiting, and there weren't enough police. So the Boy Scouts were called in to line the route. QUENTIN WADMAN: And we had to wait quite a long time there for the princess to come. SHAPIRO: Sitting in an East London retirement home all these decades later, Wadman remembers that one of the Boy Scouts fainted from standing at attention too long. Finally, they heard a shout. WADMAN: And said the princess is coming. Quickly men came and set up a portable throne, a small portable throne. And she sat on the throne for a few minutes. SHAPIRO: Quentin Wadman had no idea that day, February 5, 1952, would go down in history. WADMAN: And it was the last day she was a princess. That night, her father died, and she became queen. SHAPIRO: Queen Elizabeth II. The formal coronation ceremony took place in London the following year. This is archival footage from the BBC. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER: And here you see more than 30,000 schoolchildren cheering their heads off, having the time of their lives on this coronation day as they see all the queen's horses and men going by. SHAPIRO: Seventy-six-year-old Roger Bardett vividly remembers that June day in 1953. ROGER BARDETT: It was a dreadful day, rain, rain, rain all the time. And thi

Ableism On Campus By: Meghan Crowley, Alessandra Tucker, Tristin Roholt, Carly Murbach & Emily Robinett, Tulane University Being A College Student During A Pandemic By: Sophie Laclef, Dickinson College Crop Tops and Catcalls  By: Kendall Grace Harrison, Linfield University The Griot Podcast: Sylvia By: Olivia Jobe, Goucher College Hawaiian Pidgin By: Jacob "Coby" Aloi, Hamline University History of Famous Phrases By: Gavin Berger, Leah Ettinger, and Chris Ashe, Ithaca College International Crises Need More Bra Support Than Women By: Sonia M. Hernandez, Wellesley College Marriage And Quarantine By: Bernadette Fox, Metropolitan State University The Memphis Country Blues Festival By: Emma Jane Hopper, Elijah Matlock, Cam Napier, Betsy John & Shaliz Barzani, Rhodes College Mothers Of Green Gables By: Tricia De Souza, Williams College Recycling and the Danger of Altruism By: Asher Eller Wertheimer, Olivet College SeroTunein: Having Skin in the Game  By: Kurien Thomas, University of Virginia The Social Media Hermit: Puerto Rico By: Keith Anstead, Community College of Baltimore County Three Generations of Dating By: Liv Glassman, Northwestern University Within The Walls By: Nathaly Sanchez & Hortencia Diaz, Linfield University


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

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Question: Coast Guard Halts Search For Marines In Helicopter Crash

Five days after two Marine Super Stallion helicopters crashed off of Oahu's North Shore, Coast Guard officials in Hawaii have called off an unsuccessful search for survivors. Search teams found only wreckage; they've now begun a salvage and recovery mission. Capt. Jim Jenkins, chief of staff and acting commander of the Coast Guard 14th District, said the decision was made after a thorough review of the search effort. Each of the helicopters were reportedly carrying six members of Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 463 when they went down, in what was reportedly a collision. They were part of Marine Aircraft Group 24, in the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing. The search for any potential survivors turned up life rafts, but no one was aboard. From Capt. Jenkins:  "A decision to suspend searching without finding survivors is extremely difficult given the depth of its impact, and I know I speak for the entire Coast Guard when I say our thoughts and prayers are with Marine Corps Helicopter Squadron 463, and particularly with families and loved ones of those missing."  The Coast Guard says the search included seven helicopters and planes from multiple branches of the service, as well as the Honolulu police and fire departments. At least six ships were also involved; along the shoreline, Marines and other personnel combed the area for any sign of survivors. "So far we've found a widespread debris field on the ocean floor with parts from an aircraft," Jenkins said, according to Hawaii Public Radio. "We are confident that these are aircraft parts that are associated with this crash." The commander of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, Brig. Gen. Russell Sanborn, said he hopes recovery and salvage operations will bring closure to friends and relatives of those in the crash. "To the families, our prayers and support are to them," Sanborn said, according to HPR. "Our goal is to continue to support them in any way that they need right now."

Good morning - here are some of the leading headlines we're following today: 'Picture Perfect Launch' For Private Rocket Headed To Space Station. Deal Reached On Probe Of Iran's Nuclear Program, IAEA Chief Says. Memorial Walk, Moment Of Silence Planned For Joplin On First Anniversary Of Devastating Tornado. (Joplin Globe) Jurors In John Edwards Corruption Trial Begin Third Day Of Deliberations. (Reuters) Images Show North Korea Conducts Unknown Activity At Nuclear Test Site. (CNN) Myanmar Opposition Leader Aung San Suu Kyi Will Address U.N. Labor Conference Next Month In Switzerland. (AP) 2 Protesters Die In Lebanon At Funeral Of Murdered Anti-Syrian Cleric; 5 Killed In Syrian Bombing. (VOA) Four Perish Climbing Everest, One Missing While Dozens More Continue Toward Summit (ABC) Oklahoma City Defeats Los Angeles To Reach NBA Western Conference Finals; 8 Wounded In Oklahoma City Violence After Victory. (Oklahoman) Man Survives Suicide Attempt After Leaping Into Niagara Falls. (USA Today)


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Question: The Jamestown Project

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Question: Stories off the sidewalk

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For several years, StoryCorps booths have allowed ordinary people relate their own stories to be preserved in a huge and growing collection in the Library of Congress.

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Old rockers come back for more wild times on the grapevine.


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Question: HELEN PREJEAN (pray-ZSAHN)'s book, "Dead Man Walking: An Eyewitness Account of the Death ...

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HELEN PREJEAN (pray-ZSAHN)'s book, "Dead Man Walking: An Eyewitness Account of the Death Penalty in the United States" (Random House) details her experience working with death row inmates in Louisiana. Prejean has come to believe that the death penalty is not only ineffective as a deterrent, but that the government can't be trusted to decide who should live and who should die. Prejean is a Roman Catholic nun

LAWRENCE WALSH continued. Floating :30 I.D 12:35 and 12:45]DANIEL BAXTER, M.D. has written a new book about his work, "The Least of These My Brethren: A Doctor's Story of Hope and Miracles on an Inner-City AIDS Ward." (Harmony Books).


Question: Festival of the Kalends

Michael Ellis looks at an ancient Roman festival with a modern message for the Christmas season.

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The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


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Question: The Political Junkie

In this week's roundup of political happenings with NPR's Political Junkie Ken Rudin, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales is in the hot seat over the firing of eight U.S. attorneys, Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY) is the first would-be president to get seriouslyYouTubed, and actor Fred Thompson considers a run for the top office himself. Have you seen the ad comparing Clinton to 1984's Big Brother? Is a bio that includes Watergate counsel, Senator, and Law & Order district attorney the right stuff for a presidential bid?

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Crank Caller; Tremendous History Month; The Hairball Group


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Question: The Hick-Hop of Cowboy Troy

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Farai Chideya  talks with hick-hop artist Troy Coleman, otherwise known as Cowboy Troy, about his country music career and his co-hosting role on the reality show Nashville Star.

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The Alf Files, Naked Faces, and Hunky Homers.


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Question: Sotomayor Winning In Court Of Public Opinion

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Before today's Senate hearing even began, Judge Sonia Sotomayor, was doing fairly well at least in the court of public opinion. Gallup's pollsters reported her approval rating at 53 percent versus 33 percent against her. That contrasts greatly with a Rasmussen poll cited by Sen Jon Kyl, an Arizona Republican who is on the Senate Judiciary Committee and appeared on ABC's "This Week" program on Sunday. Read More >> Kyl said.  It's interesting that I just reviewed the Rasmussen poll -- most recent poll about American public opinion about Judge Sotomayor. They oppose her confirmation, only 37 percent support it. And I found it interesting that among women, by a majority of 9, they oppose her confirmation. Hispanics and Asians, by a majority of 11, they oppose --  That Rasmussen poll was taken just after the Supreme Court's New Haven firefighter case decided in June in which the court reversed a lower court decision Sotomayor participated in. An excerpt from Rasmussen's report:  In our first survey after the president's announcement, 45% of voters favored confirmation of Sotomayor, who, if approved by the Senate, will be the first Hispanic member of the high court. Twenty-nine percent (29%) opposed her confirmation, However, a month later, in a survey conducted on the two nights following the Supreme Court's reversal of her best-known appellate court decision, only 37% said Sotomayor should be confirmed while 39% disagreed.   Yet even after the Supreme Court's reversal of her ruling in a reverse discrimination case filed by New Haven firefighters, 84% of U.S. voters said they expected her to win confirmation. Fifty-eight percent (58%) characterized her confirmation as Very Likely. These numbers have remained largely unchanged since polling on her nomination first began.

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Stem Cell Group Considers Research Grant Applications. Court Blocks New Sex Offender Law Pending Review. Nation's Latino Voters Leaned Democratic. End Music.


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Question: From A Performance Given

From a performance given at the 92nd street Y in New York on October 27th last year, pianist Adam Neiman (NEE-mun) plays three preludes--Nos. 1, 8 and 14-- from the 24 Preludes, Op. 38, by Dmitri Kabalevsky (kah-bah-LEV-skee) (Kaufmann Concert Hall)


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Question: 4 Labor-Intensive Crops Farmers Wish They Had Robots To Harvest

If you're enjoying a late-summer fruit pie this Labor Day, consider what went into growing and harvesting that fruit. Chances are, it took a lot of human hands to ensure its skin would be perfect and smooth when you bought it. While machines have replaced human hands for a lot of farm jobs — the harvesting of tomatoes for processing, the cutting of lettuce and spinach, the shaking of almond trees to make the nuts fall to the ground — many fruit, vegetable and nut farmers still rely heavily on people to plant, maintain and harvest their crops. Machines don't yet exist for these crops because there have been ample people to do the work, and because it's hard to design machines that can cut or pick the fruit or vegetables without squishing or damaging them too much. But as immigration policy and enforcement have gotten stricter and migration from Mexico and Central America to the U.S. has slowed since 2008, the farm labor supply has gotten tight. Though wages have risen and some farmers have expanded their acreage, some have been forced to leave thousands of dollars worth of fruit or vegetables rotting in their fields because they can't find anyone to pick it. The work is often back-breaking and risky — workers who have to climb ladders to reach cherries, for example, may fall and injure themselves. And so some workers have found better opportunities elsewhere. All that's created a new push for research and development into mechanization to replace the kinds of jobs that farmers have an increasingly hard time filling. "There's an urgent need to develop engineering solutions for a lot of fresh-market fruit and vegetable crops," Matthew Whiting, an associate professor and extension specialist at Washington State University who works with the sweet cherry industry, tells The Salt. "The shortage of skilled harvest labor is on every grower's mind." For Labor Day, we thought we'd round up some of the crops that can't yet be harvested by a machine, but that may be in the future. To be clear, the issue of farm labor is complicated. And machines that could harvest these crops might not necessarily be good for everyone. Sweet Cherries These are the soft, sweet cherries we get in bags with the stem attached. And why do they always look so beautiful and plump? Because a human hand carefully picked them. But there are fewer and fewer willing hands to do that work. And the government has noticed. Of all the producers that dream of mechanical harvesters to ease their labor woes, the sweet cherry growers might be the closest to getting one thanks to research funding. Whiting at WSU says he and others at the university are close to finding a commercial partner for a prototype harvester they've developed that can pick 50 times as many cherries as a human being would in the same time. Still, there's additional work to be done before this new model is viable: New varieties of cherries suited to the mechanical harvester will have to be bred. Whiting says research is heading in that direction and that in 10 to 12 years, scientists should be able to offer growers a "suite" of new varieties. Asparagus As the Huffington Post has reported, asparagus is uniquely labor intensive because the quick-growing plant must be harvested every day of its three-month growing season. Each plant sprouts multiple spears (the part of the plant we eat) a day, which have to be hand-cut every day. So that means workers are cutting 14 hours a day, seven days a week from roughly February to May. But various mechanical asparagus harvesters are in development, and the government is evaluating them. According to a 2009 U.S. Department of Agriculture report, "If the U.S. asparagus industry is to insure a competitive position, it must substitute technology for labor to lower per unit costs and shift the workforce to value-added employment. Instituting new technologies is imperative for the advancement of the industry now." Apples Commercial apple picking today requires brawn — workers have to fill buckets all day long with heavy apples and then dump them into bins. And according to a fruit industry trade publication, "The era of fully automated robotic harvesters navigating [apple] orchard rows is still years away." Whiting says that's because the apple industry and the government have dedicated little funding to research. That's changing, though. The Washington State Tree Fruit Research Commission is now pursuing more research on mechanical harvesting. And this year, some commercial apple farmers may be using a vacuum harvester for the first time. Its designers say it saves time, reduces picker fatigue and boost the harvest yield. Peppers California grows about 50 percent of the peppers in the U.S., and lately the California Pepper Commission has been talking more developing mechanical harvesting and varieties bred to be picked by machines. According to a 2015 report from the commission, "With increasing cost and decreasing availability of labor needed to pick

Post-9/11 Border Security Strains U.S.-Mexico Relations. Farmers Seek Relief for Summer's Heat Damage to Crops. End Music.


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Question: Gore on the Primary Ballot?

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Gore on the Primary Ballot? — In lieu of Clinton and Obama, some political activists are still trying for Al Gore on the presidential primary ballot in California. The program hears that story, and looks into a proposed dam that would leave a small northern California town under water.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2.


Question: Venezuela's Chavez: An Outsized Personality, A Domineering Figure

A fiery leftist, Hugo Chavez was a steadfast ally of dictators like Cuba's Fidel Castro while loudly opposing the United States. He claimed capitalism was destroying the world and tried to transform Venezuela into a socialist state. Millions of Venezuelans loved him because he showered the poor with social programs. Yet Chavez, who ruled Venezuela from 1999 until his death Tuesday, was not able to turn the country's oil wealth into broad-based prosperity. At various times, the country experienced high inflation, food shortages and many other economic problems. On the international stage, the countries that followed Venezuela's lead were some of Latin America's poorest and least influential. Chavez maintained fervent supporters throughout his rule. But in the end Venezuela was, in some ways, worse off than when Chavez began. Chavez was omnipresent during his years in power. His face was plastered on billboards, his voice dominating the airwaves. His main vehicle was a Sunday TV show, Hello Mr. President, where he was both host and guest for hours at a stretch and ranted against American leaders. Chavez had a gift for whipping the crowds into a frenzy, pledging that their country would be great. There was, of course, a more playful side that resonated with the masses, such as when he sang to his audience. Support For The Marginalized Chavez was born to a poor family in the Great Savannah in 1954. He joined the army as a youth, and in 1992, he led a group of dissident officers who unsuccessfully tried to overthrow Venezuela's government. Luis Miquilena, a prominent leader of the Venezuelan left who became Chavez's mentor, remembers convincing Chavez to give up plans for a violent overthrow after his release from jail. Chavez began to see that he could rise to power democratically and then put his ideas into practice, Miquilena said. Chavez won the presidency by a landslide in a 1998 election, tapping into the Venezuelan people's rising discontent with two corrupt traditional parties. He was inaugurated the following year. Former Vice President Jose Vicente Rangel said Chavez's greatest success was making those who'd been marginalized feel that they were part of something bigger. "Chavez took them out of the shadows," Rangel said. "That's his magic." Opposition To The U.S. Blessed with charisma, Chavez could be folksy and funny, and it helped him build an almost mystical connection with poor Venezuelans. They, in turn, defended him — helping him win back power after he had been briefly overthrown in 2002. Chavez used his political capital and a powerful base to launch what he called 21st Century Socialism — nationalizing companies, seizing farmland and forming alliances with like-minded leaders who opposed the United States. In speech after speech, Chavez said that Latin America had liberated itself from what he called the American imperialist yoke. Dreaming of uniting Latin America, the Venezuelan leader used his country's vast oil wealth to buy Argentine bonds and embarked on construction programs in Ecuador and Nicaragua. He also helped poor Americans heat their homes, as touted in an ad for Citgo, the gasoline retailer owned by Venezuela. "I'm Joe Kennedy," the former Massachusetts congressman says in the ad. "Help is on the way. Heating oil at 40 percent off from our friends at Venezuela at Citgo." Chavez particularly irked Washington by providing 100,000 subsidized barrels of oil each day for Communist Cuba. In exchange, Fidel Castro provided Venezuela with doctors and intelligence agents, while forming a close father-son-type relationship with Chavez. Friends And Enemies An international left yearning for a magnetic leader was enthralled by Chavez. Among those charmed was director Oliver Stone, who produced a glowing documentary in 2009 called South of the Border. In the film, the Venezuelan populist is thronged by adoring crowds and portrayed as an influential regional leader fighting American imperialism. "He's a great example," Stone says. "If he succeeds it'll be the first time in Latin American history, except for Castro, where he's led the entire region away from United States' economic control." The rosy gloss, though, often did not line up with reality. Chavez supported a violent guerrilla movement in neighboring Colombia, according to internal Colombian government documents and interviews with former Colombian guerrillas. Some of his closest allies included some of the world's most controversial leaders, including Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Syrian President Bashar Assad. And at home, Chavez jailed some opponents and labeled his critics as degenerates and squealing pigs. Michael Shifter, president of the Washington-based Inter-American Dialogue policy group, said that despite the elections Chavez won, his government was far from democratic. "He, over time, concentrated power in his own hands. There were very few checks and constraints on his authority. He made all the decisions. No one else.

Good morning. Our early headlines: -- 'Path To Citizenship' Part Of Senators' Bipartisan Immigration Plan -- Brazilian Nightclub Disaster: Toxic Smoke, Barriers Blamed For Horrible Toll -- In Egypt: Protests Continue, Opposition Balks At Talks With Morsi -- French And Malian Forces Take Airport In Timbuktu; Islamists Burn Library Some of the morning's other top stories: -- "Google Explains How It Handles Police Requests For Users' Data." (Morning Edition) -- "Significant Activity" Detected In Former Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's Brain; He Has Been Unconscious Since Suffering Brain Hemorrhage In 2007. (Haaretz) -- "Toyota Again World's Largest Auto Maker." (The Wall Street Journal) -- Assad's Grip On Power Is "Slipping Away," Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev Says. (CNN.com)


Question: Dennis Ross Comments On Whether The Iran Nuclear Deal Is Working

Steve Inskeep talks to Ambassador Dennis Ross, who advised presidents on Middle East policy, about Secretary of State Pompeo's trip to Saudi Arabia and his call for Gulf states to unite against Iran.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Putin Sees U.S. And Russia Working Together To Fight ISIS. -- Reports: FBI Arrests Turing Pharmaceuticals CEO Shkreli On Fraud Charges. -- LISTEN: Voices Of Baltimore Protesters In The Wake Of a Mistrial. -- Cheap Trick, Deep Purple, N.W.A. Picked For 2016 Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame Class. And here are more early headlines: House Lawmakers To Vote Friday On Huge Spending Bill. (The Hill) Defense Secretary Carter Used Personal Email For Some Government Work. (CBS) Switzerland Freezes Money Linked To Soccer Organization, FIFA. (Reuters) Greece Warns It May End Up Holding Thousands Of Migrants. (Financial Times) Confusion Over Whether Libya's Rival Governments Will Sign Treaty. (Guardian) Justice Department Opens Chicago Police Probe, To Meet Mayor. (USA Today)


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Question: In The Loop: "Best of The LoopCast"

(Length: 47 min.) Before In The Loop went weekly, there was a little thing called The LoopCast.  We collected some of our favorite clowning from those glory days, including "This American Loop" and "Public Radio Laboratories."


Question:
represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth
E.g. given '['Represent the headline to find a news subtitle on NPR with more details', 'Friday News Roundup - International']' it should be close to '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR', 'Military forces continued to attack protesters in Sudan this week, as activists called for the end of autocratic rule. The government in Khartoum has not only violently cracked down on protesters but has also cut off access to the internet. The State Department appointed a special envoy to Sudan to meet in Khartoum with both sides of the conflict. We’re also following the protests in Hong Kong. Political activists there are concerned about the implications of a proposed law that would effectively allow extraditions to mainland China. The territory’s chief executive says the measure is necessary to prosecute a Hong Kong man wanted by Taiwanese authorities for the alleged murder of his girlfriend. NPR’s Anthony Kuhn told us earlier this week that “since Hong Kong reverted back to Chinese rule, they’re supposed to keep their own system, but China has been ramping things up.” Tourism is one of the Dominican Republic’s main industries. But the recent shooting of former Red Sox player David Ortiz and at least six deaths of American tourists at resorts in the Caribbean nation have caused some to revisit their vacation plans. Ortiz is in stable condition after being flown to the United States, and The Washington Post reports that U.S. Embassy officials said: “more Americans have visited the tropical island nation — with its pearl-white coastline and value travel packages to all-inclusive resorts — in recent years than France.” Dominican officials also insist the country is safe. Here’s more from CBS:  CBS News travel editor Peter Greenberg said people shouldn’t worry about the “fear factor” but instead about the “common sense factor.” He said people should ask several questions of a resort before traveling to the Dominican Republic, including what kind of chemicals are used to clean rooms, how often are the mini bars inspected and restocked and how can staff ensure the drink labels at the minibar match what’s inside.  A presidential election in Guatemala has some observers wondering about the future of the country’s anti-corruption agency CICIG. The United Nations oversees CICIG and it’s supported by the United States. The current president, Jimmy Morales, expelled the CICIG commissioner in 2017, and anti-corruption candidates have come under attack. Here’s Jonathan Blitzer, writing for The New Yorker:  American politicians are not in the habit of paying much attention to what happens in Guatemala, but the recent developments should be cause for concern. For one thing, the United States bears some responsibility for the cicig’s precarious standing and for the latest bout of impunity that has resulted. For the first decade of the CICIG’s existence, from 2006 to 2016, both Democrats and Republicans in Congress saw political corruption in Central America as a major driver of drug trafficking and migration to the southern U.S. border. During those years, the United States gave close to forty-five million dollars to CICIG, and the State Department defended its mandate against the opposition to it that arose in Guatemala.  Voters in Guatemala will go to the polls on June 16. And in Oman, two oil tankers were apparently attacked. This elevated tensions in the Gulf of Oman, and followed other attacks on oil tankers in May. From The New York Times  It was not immediately clear how the most recent incidents unfolded or who was involved, just as the circumstances of last month’s attacks remain murky. The two ships that were struck on Thursday appeared to have been more seriously damaged than those hit in May.  We wrap up a busy week in global news. GUESTS Frank Langfitt, Correspondent, NPR’s London bureau; author, “The Shanghai Free Taxi: Journeys with the Hustlers and Rebels of the New China;” @franklangfitt Nancy Youssef, National security reporter, The Wall Street Journal; @nancyayoussef Nick Schifrin, Foreign affairs and defense correspondent, PBS NewsHour; @nickschifrin For more, visit https://the1a.org. © 2019 WAMU 88.5 – American University Radio.']' but not to '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Week In Review, On the Money with Chris DiSimio, Queen City Classic Chess Tournament, Forgive Me, The Front Row with Betsy Ross, The Big Screen: City of Men']'.

Question: Excerpt: Nabokov's Favorite Word Is Mauve

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In literary lore, one of the best stories of all time is a mere six words. "For sale: baby shoes, never worn." It's the ultimate example of less is more, and you'll often find it attributed to Ernest Hemingway. It's unclear whether it was in fact Hemingway who penned these words—the story of its creation did not appear until 1991—but it's natural that writers and readers would want to attribute the story to the Nobel winner. He's known for his economical prose, and the shortest-of-short stories is, at the very least, emblematic of his style. Hemingway's simple style was an intentional choice. He once wrote in a letter to his editor, "It wasn't by accident that the Gettysburg address was so short. The laws of prose writing are as immutable as those of flight, of mathematics, of physics." He believed that writing should be cut down to the bare essentials and that extra words end up hurting the final product. Ernest Hemingway is far from alone in this belief. The same idea is raised in high-school classrooms and writing guides of every variety. And if there's one part of speech that's the worst offender of all, as anyone who's ever had an exacting English teacher will know, it's the adverb. After listening to enough experts and admirers, it's easy to come away with the impression that Hemingway is the paragon of concision. But is this because he succeeded where others were tempted by extraneous language, or is he coasting on reputation alone? Where does Hemingway rank, for instance, in his use of the dreaded adverb? I wanted to find out if he lived up to the hype. And if not, who does use the fewest adverbs? Which author uses them the most? Moreover, when we look at the big picture, can we find out whether great writing does indeed hew to those efficient "laws of prose writing"? Do the best books use fewer adverbs? * * * I looked around and found that no one had ever attempted to determine the numbers behind these questions. So I sought to find some answers—and I started by analyzing the almost one million words in Hemingway's ten published novels. If Hemingway believes that the "laws of prose writing are as immutable as those of flight, of mathematics, of physics," then I'd like to think he'd find this mathematical analysis equal parts illuminating and outlandish. It's outlandish at first glance because of the way we study writing. Many of us have spent days in middle school, high school, and college English classrooms dissecting a single striking excerpt from a Hemingway novel. If you want to study a great author's writing, their most remembered passages are often the best place to start. Looking at a spreadsheet of adverb frequencies, on the other hand, won't teach you much in the way of writing a novel like Hemingway. But from a statistician's point of view, it's just as outlandish to focus on a small sample and never look at the whole picture. When you study the population of the United States, you wouldn't look at just the population of a small town in New Hampshire for an understanding of the entire country, no matter how emblematic of the American spirit it may seem. If you want to know how Hemingway writes, you also need to understand the words he chooses that have not been put under the microscope. By looking at adverb rates throughout all his books, we can get a better sense of how he used language. So instead of digging through snippets of Hemingway's text and debating specific spots where he chose to use or shirk adverbs, I used a set of functions called Natural Language Toolkit to count the number of adverbs in all of his novels. The toolkit relies on specific words and the relationships between them to tag words with a part of speech. For example, here's how it processes the previous sentence: It's not 100?% perfect—so all the numbers below should be seen with that wrinkle in mind—but it's been trained on millions of human-analyzed texts and fares as well as any person could be expected to do. It's considered the gold standard in sussing out if a word is an adjective, adverb, personal pronoun, or any other part of speech. So what do we find when we apply the toolkit to Hemingway's complete works? In all of Hemingway's novels, he wrote just over 865,000 words and used 50,200 adverbs, putting his adverb use at about 5.8?% of all words. On average, for every 17 words Hemingway wrote, one of them was an adverb. This number without context has no meaning. Is 5.8?% a lot or a little? Stephen King, an outspoken critic of adverbs, has a usage rate of 5.5?%. It turns out that by this standard King and Hemingway are not leaps and bounds ahead of other writers. Looking at a handful of contemporary authors who one might assume (based on stereotype alone) would use an abundance of adverbs, we see that King and Hemingway are not anomalous. E L James, author of the erotica novel Fifty Shades of Grey, used adverbs at a rate of 4.8?%. Stephenie Meyer, whom King has called "not very good," used adverbs at a rate

Memorial Day means summer and summer, of course, means time for reading. Book critics and guests offer their take on what's new and interesting. Picks from Laura Miller, book critic for 'Salon' The Ruins by Scott Smith: An uncompromising tale of adventure and horror about five backpackers who become trapped under mysterious circumstances in the jungles of Mexico. Don't start reading it if you have anything else you need to do in the next 8 hours, or if you're faint of heart. End of Story by Peter Abrahams: Abrahams is the best writer of psychological suspense around. His plots are unfussy but always addictive. In this one, an aspiring writer becomes convinced that the convict she meets in a prison teaching program is an innocent man. The Pale Blue Eye by Louis Bayard: A moody, twisty historical mystery set during the years that Edgar Allan Poe was a cadet at West Point. Poe comes to the aid of a detective trying to solve a string of murders on the campus. The Dead Hour  by Denise Mina: The second in Mina's series of crime novels about Paddy Meehan, a junior reporter and the only woman reporter for a newspaper in 1980s Glasgow, Scotland, trying to figure out who killed a lawyer. Mina's depictions of gritty working-class Catholic life and Paddy's valiant struggle to make something of herself are even more engaging than the novel's central mystery. 'San Francisco Chronicle' Book Editor Oscar Villalon's Picks  Adam Hochschild's Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves: A beautifully written narrative history about the first human rights campaign in Western history. Truly inspiring.  Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, with a foreword by Eric Schlosser: Reissued by Penguin, the book deserves to be read again, if only to give people an appreciation of how far the country has come in the past century but also how tenuous our welfare is.  Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go: a coming-of-age story and initiation into loss in the guise of a sci-fi story about human cloning Elizabeth McKenzie's  novel in stories,  Stop That Girl:  I think it would be perfect for teen readers. Jessica Abel's graphic novel, La Perdida (also recommended for this summer by All Things Considered critic Alan Cheuse Luis Alberto Urrea's novel The Hummingbird's Daughter Oakley Hall's novel Warlock, reissued by The New York Review of Books: Excellent genre stuff, a riveting Western that's also a work of literature. E.L. Doctorow's The March: Highly entertaining and thrilling as well as being literary. Philip Roth's Everyman: Perhaps the "serious" book of the list Judy Budnitz's story collection Big American Baby  Out of Danger: Poems  by James Fenton  The Rain in the Trees  by W.S. Merwin Picks from Charlotte Abbott, senior editor at 'Publisher's Weekly' Miracle in the Andes: 72 Days on the Mountain and My Long Trek Home by Nando Parrado:  travel adventure returning to place of Alive Water for Elephants,  by Sara Gruen  Elephant Rocks: Poems by Kay Ryan The Niagara River: Poems by Kay Ryan Fun Home:  A Family Tragicomic by Alison Bechdel A Scanner Darkly by Philip K. Dick Strange Piece of Paradise, by Terri Jentz  (True crime story) Neal Conan's Picks: The Collected Poems of Stanley Kunitz  Mayflower:  A Story of Courage, Community and War  by Nathaniel Philbrick  The Pride of Baghdad by Brian Vaughan  The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch by Philip K. Dick  Reader Picks The Omnivore's Dilemma by Michael Pollan Team of Rivals by Doris Kearns Goodwin Becoming Justice Blackmun by Linda Greenhouse Sputnik Sweetheart by Haruki Murakami The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763 - 1789 by Robert Middlekauff A Dirty Job by Christopher Moore Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era by James M. McPherson Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945, by David M. Kennedy The Sept. 11 Commission Report Omissions and Distortions by David Ray Griffin  The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States of America,  pocketbook from the Cato Institute  The Princes of Ireland: The Dublin Saga  by  Edward Rutherford  Your Best Life Now: 7 Steps to Living at Your Full Potential by Joel Osteen  Fundamentals of the Faith:  Essays in Christian Apologetics, by  Peter Kreeft  John Adams, by David McCullough American Theocracy:  The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century by Kevin Phillips  State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration, by James Risen The Last Season by Eric Blehm Altered Carbon by Richard Morgan Absurdistan by Gary Shteyngart The Truth (with Jokes) by Al Franken The Universe in a Single Atom:  The Convergence of Science and Spirituality, by Dalai Lama XIV 	The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald 	Feint of Art, An Annie Kincaid Mystery  by Hailey Lind 	Looking for Alaska by John Green 	Black Box by Frank X. Walker 	Buffalo Dreams The Journey of York by Frank X. Walker 	The Stolen Child by Keith Donohue


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Question: Understanding Technology through a Child's Eyes (Rebroadcast)

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UNDERSTANDING TECHNOLOGY THROUGH A CHILD'S EYES (REBROADCAST): Kids today rarely think of 'technology' as something separate from themselves. Rather, technology is infused into everything they do and see.  So how can grown-ups rethink design ideas based on what the next generation is thinking? Tech Tuesday explores the intersection of technology and child development.  (52 min.)

represent the subtitle to find a news title on npr with less details

Examples:
Provided: "['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR.', 'A woman in Austria called her son nearly 50 times a day for more than two years. The exasperated son finally sued his mother. A judge found the woman guilty of stalking. He fined her nearly $500. The mother told the court, "I just wanted to talk to him."']" Match: "['Represent this text to find its subtitle about the same news but with slightly more depth', 'Austria Court Fines Mother For Excessive Phoning']"

Guest: Arthur Allen, a Former Associated Press Foreign Correspondent and Journalist with Slate (Archive from 3/13/07)


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Question: James? George? What Will 'Baby Cambridge' Be Named?

Now that he's been born, the next big moments in little Baby Cambridge's life will be when he's seen in public and when the world hears what his name will be. On Morning Edition, NPR's Philip Reeves said the first glimpse of the duke and duchess of Cambridge's baby boy could come as soon as today, if he and his mom (the former Kate Middleton) head home from St. Mary's Hospital in London. As for when the boy-who-could-be-king will get a name, that's less certain. The Guardian reminds readers that "it was seven days before the Prince [Charles] and Princess [Diana] of Wales revealed that they had chosen William as the name for their firstborn, although Prince Harry was named immediately." London bookies haven't been waiting, of course. They were laying odds before the baby was born on everything from gender to hair color and the eventual name. As of Tuesday morning, the favorite names were James and George, with Alexander and others such as Louis, Henry and Arthur not too far behind. Others on the board at the betting firm Coral included three of the four Memmott boys' first names — Albert, Edmund and John. Two of the Memmott clan — Edmund Arthur and Albert James — have double the chances of sharing at least some of royal scion's moniker. Mark, alas, wasn't among those getting even 500-to-1 odds. What will the baby's name be? We've got a very nonscientific survey here.

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Stories: 1) Actor Peter Fonda, Headed West to 'Yuma' 2) What Part of 'Smart Aleck' Don't You Understand?


Question:
represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details
E.g. given '['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', "U.K.'s Top Court Lifts Ban On Heathrow's Plans For 3rd Runway"]' it should be close to '['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'Just half a year after climate activists won a big legal victory in the U.K. effectively blocking plans for a third runway at London\'s Heathrow Airport on environmental grounds, the country\'s highest court has turned the tables once more. The British Supreme Court on Wednesday overturned the appellate court decision, reopening the door to a significant — and controversial — expansion of one of the world\'s busiest international hubs. Previously, in the appellate court decision in February, judges found that the U.K. government had failed to mind the country\'s international climate commitments when developing plans for the third runway in its Airports National Policy Statement, or ANPS. The British government did not appeal that decision, but the company that operates the airport did. And on Wednesday, a panel of five justices unanimously agreed with Heathrow Airport Holdings, saying that — unlike the appellate court — they were satisfied with the considerations undertaken by government officials. "This is not a case in which the Secretary of State omitted to give any consideration to the Paris Agreement; nor is it one in which no weight was given to the Paris Agreement when the Secretary of State decided to issue the ANPS," the court found, referring to the 2015 Paris climate deal in which nearly 200 countries pledged to reduce their greenhouse emissions. "On the contrary, the Secretary of State took the Paris Agreement into account and ... he gave weight to it and ensured that those obligations would be brought into account in decisions to be taken under the framework established by the ANPS." The ruling represents a stinging reversal for climate activists, who had celebrated the February decision as a "hugely influential" landmark. Plan B, the climate-centric legal charity that helped bring the original legal challenge to the runway, protested that Wednesday\'s ruling "has betrayed us all." "The pandemic has reminded us of our subjection to natural laws," Plan B Director Tim Crosland said in a statement, which he posted one day before the official release of the ruling, breaking a news embargo in order to protest its "deep immorality." "The Paris Temperature Limit is all that divides us from a grim future of crisis upon crisis." Meanwhile on Wednesday, the company behind Heathrow lauded the judgment as "the right result for the country." "Only by expanding the UK\'s hub airport can we connect all of Britain to all of the growing markets of the world, helping to create hundreds of thousands of jobs in every nation and region of our country," a Heathrow spokesperson said in a statement. "Heathrow has already committed to net zero," the spokesperson added, "and this ruling recognises the robust planning process that will require us to prove expansion is compliant with the UK\'s climate change obligations, including the Paris Climate Agreement, before construction can begin." Now, the judgment does not ensure that a third runway will, in fact, be built. The coronavirus pandemic has sent the aviation industry reeling, severely diminishing passenger demand and potentially setting Heathrow\'s expansion plans back by at least five years. Climate activists have also vowed to continue to challenge the plans in court at every step of the proposed development — and their cause has got the support of one prominent local politician. "This decision to allow Heathrow Airport a third runway will have a damaging impact on air quality, noise and London\'s ability to achieve net-zero carbon by 2030," Sadiq Khan, mayor of the British capital, said in the wake of the Supreme Court ruling. "I urge Heathrow to drop these damaging plans and work with us on a cleaner, greener recovery."']' but not to '['Represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth', "Good morning, here are the stories we're following today: Anti-U.S. Protests Spread; Attack Against U.S. Embassy In Yemen. (AP) Hints Of Progress In Chicago Teachers' Strike. (AP) Federal Reserve Ends Policy Meeting; Investors Wait For News On Possible Stimulus Action. (Wall Street Journal) Dutch Voters Back Pro-European Prime Minister; Centrist Leader To Form New Government. (Reuters) New U.N. Peace Envoy Arrives In Damascus, Syria. (Voice Of America) Cambodian Special Court Deems Khmer Rouge 'First Lady' Too Sick To Face Genocide Trial. (CNN) New York City Officials To Vote On Plan Reducing Super-Sized Sodas. (NBC New York) New Apple Smartphone Could Become Fastest Selling Tech Device Ever. (Businessweek) Atlantic Tropical Storm Nadine Close To Hurricane Strength, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center) New Species Of Monkey Discovered In Democratic Republic Of Congo. (Telegraph)"]'.

Question: The News Roundup — Domestic

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Every officer involved in the death of George Floyd has now been charged for their roles in Floyd’s asphyxiation. This week, the Minnesota Attorney General announced the other three officers are being charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder and aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter. Initially, only Derek Chauvin, the now-former officer that knelt on Floyd’s neck for nearly nine minutes, was charged. And former Defense Secretary Gen. James Mattis accused President Donald Trump of being a threat to the Constitution, saying, “Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people.” Mattis’s comments come after he’s previously declined to comment on President Trump, saying it would be inappropriate for him to do so. And Facebook employees protested CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s handling of President Trump’s violent rhetoric on the platform. Some even staged a virtual walk-out. Meanwhile, massive protests continued around the country. “”People are still figuring out exactly what they want to see but many are committed to coming out night after night here in D.C,” WAMU 88.5 reporter Jenny Gathright told us. We cover the biggest headlines from around the country on the News Roundup.

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Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: Tour De'bola; Failure to Launch; Our Natural Selection Father Who Art In Heaven.


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Question: The Week In Review from 91.7 WVXU

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A look back on the week's biggest local news stories from 91.7 WVXU.

Stories: 1) Latino USA Episode 925 2) Latino USA Episode 926


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Question: Uzzle Internet Address

The PUZZLE INTERNET ADDRESS is puzzle@npr.org.


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Question: Facebook CEO Zuckerberg To Testify Before Congress

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Rachel Martin talks to Democratic Rep. Tony Cardenas of California about Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg scheduled to appear before two House panels next week regarding the Cambridge Analytica scandal.

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- California Wildfires Spread, Spurred On By Strong Winds. -- U.S. Decision On Jerusalem Sparks Anger And Concern. -- Recount Likely In Close Atlanta Mayoral Race. -- 'French Elvis' Johnny Hallyday Dies At 74.  -- British Intelligence Reportedly Foils Plot To Kill Prime Minister. And here are more early headlines: House Delays Stop Gap Spending Bill Vote. (The Hill) Impeachment Articles To Be Introduced In House. (Washington Post) Trump, Jr. To Speak Privately To House Intel Committee. (NBC) Kirstjen Nielsen Confirmed As Homeland Security Secretary. (Politico) Russian Lawmakers To Bar Certain U.S. Media From Chamber. (Reuters)


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Question: Novak Djokovic Wins French Open, Completes Career Grand Slam

Novak Djokovic, the world's top-ranked men's tennis player, outlasted Andy Murray in the French Open final Sunday in Paris. In the process he caps a career Grand Slam and becomes the first man in two generations to hold all four major championships simultaneously. The eventual champion got off to a slow start, dropping the opening set to Murray 3-6. But behind the strength of his forehand, the No. 1 seeded Djokovic roared back, winning the next three sets 6-1, 6-2, 6-4 en route to his first French Open title. This major had been elusive for Djokovic. According to the Associated Press, this was his 12th appearance at Roland Garros and the fourth time he advanced to the final. The AP adds:  "When his victory was over, Djokovic took a racket to etch a heart in the red clay that had given him such heartache in the past and dropped down on his back. Since losing the 2015 final in Paris, Djokovic has won 28 Grand Slam matches in a row, from Wimbledon and the U.S. Open last year, to the Australian Open in January, and now, at long last, the French Open."  The last male player to have all four majors in their grasp at the same time was Rod Laver, who accomplished the feat in 1969. With a French Open now in his pocket, Djokovic can now focus his attention on claiming one of the sports' most elusive prizes – winning all four majors in a single calendar year. According to USA TODAY:  "While Djokovic made more history on Sunday, he put himself halfway to the calendar Grand Slam, not done in men's tennis since Laver in 1969. American Jim Courier was the last men's player to get halfway to the Slam, having won the Australian and French Opens back-to-back in 1992."

It's Friday, and here are some of the stories we're watching: Egypt's 'Smooth Military Coup' Protested. Last Suspect In 1995 Sarin Attack Arrested In Tokyo. Forest Boy Is A Hoax, Police Say. Prosecutors Rest Their Case In Sandusky Sex Assaults Trial. (Philadelphia Inquirer) Britain Proposes Expanding Individual Data Tracking, Critics Slam Its Intrusiveness. (Telegraph) Democracy Activist Aung San Suu Kyi Falls Ill Briefly, Resumes European Tour. (Reuters) Spain's Debt Rises Sharply In The First Quarter, Up 30 Percentage Points Since 2008. (Wall Street Journal) International Criminal Court Swears In Gambian Lawyer As Top Prosecutor, First Woman To Hold Position. (CNN) China To Launch First Female Astronaut Into Space Tomorrow. (AP) Tropical Storm Carlotta Poised To Become Hurricane Off Mexico's Pacific Coast. (AP) In Sports: Tiger Tied For Second, Miami Ties Up NBA Finals.