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Question: French President Signs Same-Sex Marriage Into Law

France is officially the 14th country to legalize gay marriage. Saturday, President Francois Hollande signed a bill that Parliament had passed in April, which gives same-sex couples the right to marry and adopt. Opposition had stalled Hollande's action. As the BBC reports, after the Senate and National Assembly approved the bill, it "was quickly challenged on constitutional grounds by the main right-wing opposition UMP party of former president Nicolas Sarkozy." Friday, a ruling by the Constitutional Council cleared the way for the president's signature. The council found the bill in accordance with the constitution, but France 24 says the body's statement "added a caveat ... saying that the legality of gay adoption did not establish the 'right to a child' and emphasizing that the interests of the children involved would continue to be the overriding consideration." The highly charged debate spilled onto the streets when the bill first passed, as The Two-Way reported last month, and it is expected to do so again. NPR's Eleanor Beardsley tells our Newscast Desk:  "Many were surprised by the tough resistance to the measure in France, as the country is considered socially liberal. But a Catholic and more conservative heartland reared its head in opposition, holding massive protests over the last year. "Their biggest argument, they say, is not against homosexuality, but that children deserve a father and a mother. Heretofore, same-sex couples could join in civil unions, but had to adopt abroad."  Beardsley reports a major opposition protest is scheduled for May 26 in Paris.

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Good morning, here are the stories we're following today: Anti-U.S. Protests Spread; Attack Against U.S. Embassy In Yemen. (AP) Hints Of Progress In Chicago Teachers' Strike. (AP) Federal Reserve Ends Policy Meeting; Investors Wait For News On Possible Stimulus Action. (Wall Street Journal) Dutch Voters Back Pro-European Prime Minister; Centrist Leader To Form New Government. (Reuters) New U.N. Peace Envoy Arrives In Damascus, Syria. (Voice Of America) Cambodian Special Court Deems Khmer Rouge 'First Lady' Too Sick To Face Genocide Trial. (CNN) New York City Officials To Vote On Plan Reducing Super-Sized Sodas. (NBC New York) New Apple Smartphone Could Become Fastest Selling Tech Device Ever. (Businessweek) Atlantic Tropical Storm Nadine Close To Hurricane Strength, No Threat To Land. (National Hurricane Center) New Species Of Monkey Discovered In Democratic Republic Of Congo. (Telegraph)


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Question: Torture, ticking time bombs, and the American way

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I finally broke down and watched Michael Winterbottom's The Road To Guantanamo the other night. As cynical as I am, I still find it astonishing that this place remains open and that there are those who still justify its...

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Federal agents joked about migrants death, published report says. The international deal to curb Iran's nuclear capabilities is faltering. And, examining the new idea called restorative justice.


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Question: Prosody featuring poet Andrea Hollander Budy

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Poet Andrea Hollander Budy talks about her work with Prosody Host Jan Beatty. Andrea Hollander Budy's new book, Woman in the Painting, was published by Autumn House Press, 2006. She is also the author of House Without a Dreamer, which won the Nicholas Roerich Poetry Prize. Originally aired 01/01/08

Fiction and nonfiction releases from David Levithan, Mike Brown and Jessica Harris.


Question: Who's Bill This Time

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "No Thrill On The Hill," "Salesman-In-Chief," "Fly Nervous Like The Rest Of Us."

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, one of the great seasonal pieces of early music: "The Christmas Story" by Heinrich Schuetz.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: News Brief: Russia Referendum Vote, New Tool For COVID-19 Threat, Facebook Boycott

Russians will vote on a referendum that may give Putin more power. A new tool will help you see the COVID-19 threat in your area. And, more brands are pulling Facebook ads as part of a boycott.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Baseball Legend Yogi Berra Dies At 90. -- In U.S. Visit, China's President Talks Hemingway And Rum. -- Egyptian Leader Pardons Al Jazeera Journalist In Long-Running Case. And here are more early headlines: Traffic Cut Off Between Croatia, Serbia Over Migrants' Movements. (Reuters) Volkswagen Facing New Emission Probes, Including By New York State. (New York Times) Burkina Faso Coup Leaders Reportedly Sign Truce. (BBC) Los Angeles To Call For Emergency Plan, Funding For Homeless. (AP) VIDEO: Kosovo Lawmakers Throw Eggs At Prime Minister. (ABC Online) New Scottish Thesaurus Lists 421 Words For Snow. (Guardian)


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Question: U.S. Identifies Egyptian as Zarqawi's Successor

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U.S. military officials believe they've identified the new chief of al-Qaida in Iraq. They've released a photo and details about the terrorist background of Abu Ayyub al-Masri. The Egyptian, who trained in al-Qaida camps in Afghanistan, is said to have been close to Zarqawi. But there are lots of questions about how close he may be to al-Qaida central, and whether he'll employ the same grisly tactics his precedessor did.

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Happy Friday! We're looking at these stories this morning: Economy Slowed Further In Second Quarter.  Derecho, the Sequel: Storm Roars Over Pennsylvania And New York. In London, The Games Are Afoot. Activists Report Heavy Fighting In Aleppo, Syria's Largest City. (VOA) Chinese Woman Accused Of Poisoning British Man Is Held Incommunicado By Chinese Police. (Washington Post) China Orders Limit To Flooding Coverage After Outraged Victims Start Compiling Private Death Tolls. (AP) Afghan Militant Attacks Against NATO Forces Rose 11% In The Past Three Months. (AP) Cyprus Officials To Charge Man With Plotting Terrorism, Had Tracked Israeli Tourists. (Cyprus Mail) Ousted Head Of Oldest Black U.S. Fraternity Seeks His Job Back In A Georgia Court. (Atlanta Journal Constitution) Bird Hits Boy In The Face On Six Flags Coaster, Causing Minor Injuries. (Asbury Park Press)


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Question: Week In The News: Alabama Democrat Shocks The World, Republicans Reach Tax Deal

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Doug Jones beats Roy Moore in Alabama. Republicans near final passage of a tax bill. A bomb goes off in New York. We’re talking to Karen Tumulty of the Washington Post, Molly Ball of Time magazine and On Point news analyst Jack Beatty about the week that was.   Guests: Karen Tumulty, national political correspondent for the Washington Post. (@ktumulty) Molly Ball, national political correspondent for Time magazine. (@mollyesque) Jack Beatty, On Point news analyst. From The Reading List: Time: How Doug Jones Beat Roy Moore And Shocked The World — “The way things have been going in Alabama, some Democrats thought they might never taste victory again. So when Doug Jones, Alabama’s newly elected Democratic senator, took the stage here Tuesday night after his special election win, it was hard to blame him for being briefly overcome.” Washington Post: With Roy Moore’s Defeat, #MeToo Movement Forces A Reckoning — “Republican Roy Moore’s stunning defeat in Alabama marked a watershed moment for the national movement around the issue of sexual abuse. The allegations that Moore had made sexual advances on girls as young as 14 decades ago, when he was in his 30s, had created a real contest out of what should have been an easy victory for any Republican candidate in ruby-red Alabama.”  The FCC pulls the plug on net neutrality. The GOP tax bill is on shaky ground. Alabama says no Moore. A bomber strikes the New York subway. The Mickey Mouse company make a deal for Fox. FBI agents and the Russia probe. President Trump feuds with Senator Kirsten Gillibrand. Omarosa exits the White House. Southern California is still on fire. This hour, On Point: Our weekly news roundtable goes behind the headlines. —Tom Gjelten

Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


Question: New Pope Surprises American Catholics

One year ago, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger appeared on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica and was introduced to the world as the next Pope. He took the name Pope Benedict XVI. The former German cardinal has reshaped the papacy, and its relationship with American Catholics.

News Headlines: Feb. 19, 2007Talk About It:Miami Herald: Castro's Stepping Down May Mean Economic Change -- "Although Raul has been ruling Cuba for the 19 months that Castro has been ailing, Cuba watchers say he's had his hands tied with the looming presence of his brother. And with Tuesday's announcement that Cuba's 81-year-old leader was stepping down after nearly 50 years in office, Raul could use the opportunity to enact economic reforms that Cubans so desperately crave." Plus: Who Is Raul Castro?More: Candidates to Cuba: Release Prisoners What will Castro's resignation mean for Cuba's future? What impact, if any, will a freer Cuba have on neighboring Haiti? Election 2008:New York Times: Democrats Make Populist Appeals Before Contests Boston Globe: Clinton's Struggle Vexes Feminists Washington Post: Obama Wave Stuns Clinton's Black Supporters Nation:Baltimore Sun: A Moving Exhibition of Black History AP: Beef Industry, Animal Rights Groups Duel The AJC: NCAA Encourages A.D.s to Widen Coaching Searches L.A. Times: Supreme Court Rejects Wiretap Suit World:AFP: Bush Leaves Rwanda for Ghana Chicago Tribune: Musharraf Foes Celebrate in Pakistan New York Times: Rice, in Nairobi, Offers Incentives to End Violence


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Question: The Night Sky, Alive with Activity

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Point your telescopes skyward; there's a lot going on up there. The Pentagon is preparing to shoot down a U.S. spy satellite as it falls toward the Earth. And tonight in the southern sky there will be a total lunar eclipse. If you miss it, you'll have to wait until the end of 2010 to see it again. Science correspondent David Kestenbaum speaks with science reporter Nell Greenfieldboyce about the current activity in the night sky. LYNN NEARY, host:  This is TALK OF THE NATION. I'm Lynn Neary in Washington.  And now, look to the sky. This is a busy week in outer space. The Pentagon hopes to shoot down an out-of-control spy satellite filled with hydrazine rocket fuel. The space shuttle Atlantis landed at the Kennedy Space Center this morning. And tonight, high in the southern sky, there will be a lunar eclipse.  If you have any questions about the satellite, about Atlantis, or the eclipse, we want to hear from you. Our phone number is 800-989-8255. the e-mail address, talk@npr.org. And of course, join the conversation on our blog. It's at npr.org/blogofthenation.  We have asked two reporters from the NPR science desk to join us: David Kestenbaum and Nell Greenfieldboyce are with me here in studio 3A.  Thanks for being here.  DAVID KESTENBAUM: Hi.  NELL GREENFIELDBOYCE: Thanks.  NEARY: Let's start with you, David. Tell us about this satellite that the Pentagon wants to shoot down out of the sky.  KESTENBAUM: Well, it was - it might happen this evening, though, they're worried about choppy seas, and you'd think why do seas matter. But this is going to be the first kind of real world test of the missile defense system. And some of these missiles that they use to - that are supposed to - that are designed to be able to shoot down incoming missiles are on boats, so they're going to fire at this thing off a boat somewhere in the Pacific and try and hit the satellite which they have really - they lost control - lost contact with as soon as it reach the orbit in 2006, so…  NEARY: Oh, wow.  KESTENBAUM: So it really - they have no control over it. They can't steer it into the ocean and it's coming down sometime in the future and they'd like to - their goal is to hit the hydrazine tank. It's got a round, three feet across sphere of hydrazine fuel which is not great stuff. I mean, you don't want to inhale it and so, the military says they're worried that it could land in a populated area and so they're going to use the missile defense system to try and hit it before it enters the atmosphere.  NEARY: Bring it down and it'll land in the ocean, presumably.  KESTENBAUM: Well, the hope is they actually hit the hydrazine tank and then all the fuel goes away in space and you don't have to worry about it.  NEARY: Okay. How hard is this to do? It sounds very hard to make.  KESTENBAUM: well, they're - you know, these missiles have been tested and they've done reasonably well in recent tests. But, you know, those aren't very controlled situations, right? This is also a pretty controlled situation. They know the position of the satellite very well and they can decide when they want to take their shot at it. In fact, they has a chance to take a second shot if they miss the first time.  NEARY: What was the satellite supposed to do?  KESTENBAUM: I don't know - it's a secret spy satellite.  NEARY: Oh, it's a secret spy satellite.  KESTENBAUM: Spy.  (Soundbite of laughter)  NEARY: Okay.  KESTENBAUM: To take pictures.  NEARY: So we don't want anybody else to get this secret spy satellite.  KESTENBAUM: Well, you know, I mean, there's a lot of speculation that maybe public safety is not the only consideration laying on the minds of military, though. They say that is the reason for bringing it down.  NEARY: All right, we've got a call. We're going to go to Nadine(ph).  Hi Nadine. You're on the air.  NADINE (Caller): Hi. I hope my radio isn't interfering - it's in the other room. But anyway, I'm worried about where it might come down if they miss.  KESTENBAUM: Well, the military has no idea where it's going to come down that's why they want to try and hit it. But, okay, this may be comforting to you - the area they think will be affected by it is about the size of two square football fields which is about one to 10 billionth of the surface area of the earth. So as someone pointed out you're much more likely to win the lottery than to get hit by something from the satellite.  NEARY: Does that make you feel better, Nadine?  NADINE: (Unintelligible) the lottery…  KESTENBAUM: Better or worse?  (Soundbite of laughter)  KESTENBAUM: Buy a lottery ticket.  NADINE: Okay, I'll try that.  NEARY: All right.  NADINE: Thank you.  KESTENBAUM: You're welcome.  NEARY: Just to clarify for my own line, so the idea is that if they do hit it, it will force it disintegrate up - the whole thing will be disintegrate up in space.  KESTENBAUM: You destroy part of it and hopefully you hit that tank so the tank doesn't survive reentry and bring this hydrazine fuel and sta

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Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

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Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


Question: Coca-Cola Offers Kosher Drink For Passover

Jewish families celebrating Passover may be sipping on a seasonal offering from Coca-Cola: Kosher For Passover Coke. It's made especially for observant Jews who don't eat grain or legumes during the holiday.

Good afternoon - here are a few stories we're watching today. Wikileaks' Assange Demands U.S. Cease 'Witch Hunt'. Uniformed Afghan Kills NATO Servicemember; 3 NATO Troops Die In Roadside Bombing. (AP) It's Eid-Al-Fitr - Worldwide Festival Marks End Of Islamic Holy Month Of Ramadan. (VOA) Syrian President Assad Makes Rare Public Appearance, Marks Holiday At Mosque. (Bloomberg News) Brothers Seek To Market Toilet Paper Emblazoned With Advertising. (Journal News) Endurance Athlete Diana Nyad Attempts To Swim Unaided Between Cuba And Florida. (CNN)


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Question: Searching For Veterans On Alaska's Remote Edges

When he was in Vietnam, Isaac Oxereok's small build made him ideal for tunnel-ratting: running with a pistol and a flashlight into underground passages built by the Viet Cong. In 1967 he finished his tour with the Army and returned home to Wales, Alaska. Oxereok knew he wasn't quite right, but there wasn't anyone around to tell him how to get help. "Post-traumatic syndrome?" he said. "I went through that I guess, mostly on my own. Some wounds never really show. So inside was kind of messed up." Now Oxereok is 69 years old and living at the edge of the Bering Strait in a village of about 150 people. On a recent clear day, the Russian mainland peeked on the horizon over just 50 miles of broken spring ice. Oxereok snowmobiled over to the community center when he heard that someone from the Department of Veterans Affairs was visiting. He had no idea what benefits he might be owed. "The fact that Isaac doesn't know about this? That's why we're here," said Tommy Sowers, the VA's assistant secretary for Public and Intergovernmental Affairs. Sowers visited Alaska recently to look at what challenges rural veterans face in getting benefits, but it turns out that just finding them can be a challenge. Twenty-two million Americans served in the military, but the vast majority are from the Vietnam and Korea generations. They're getting older now, and many live in rural, sometimes remote areas. Alaska has the highest number of veterans per capita in the country — native Alaskans and other vets who got posted up here and never left. "Once you get Alaska in your blood, it's hard to get it out," says Ron Huffman, originally from Virginia, now living in Nome. The Air Force sent Huffman here in 1963. Then he met a local woman and got married. He and his wife still return to her tiny village each summer, where they fish enough salmon to last through the winter. He volunteers as a tribal veterans representative — a liaison between the VA and local veterans. "Most of these vets, they've never applied for any type of entitlement whatsoever," Huffman said. "And a lot of them are at the age now that they're suffering with some pretty severe-type ailments. It would be very beneficial for them to try to get connected with" the VA. But getting connected up here isn't easy. And though it would seem pretty basic, the VA has no master list of who served. That means someone has to go find them, a point demonstrated by the delegation from Washington, D.C. "We live in a country where people get to choose where they want to live," Sowers said. "And, you know, once they raise their hand, volunteer and serve, we've got that obligation." Sowers and other officials flew from Anchorage to Nome and then on a one-prop plane up to a snowy runway in Wales. The local veterans representative, Sean Komonaseak, met the visitors at the plane on his snowmobile, wearing a parka fringed with polar bear fur. Komonaseak allows that the town is pretty small. "On a good day about 150 people. As far as government organizations, there's hardly any representation," he said. Komonaseak had advertised a meeting for the many veterans and their family members, including a free lunch with fresh fruit and whale meat. By midafternoon, about a dozen veterans, family members and kids had turned out for the meeting, and Sowers introduced himself as a VA official and a former Green Beret with two tours in Iraq. "How many here are veterans? Raise your hand if you're a veteran," he said. But even that turns out to be a complicated question. Some of them were in the Alaska National Guard — and not all guard members qualify for VA. Others asked what benefits they might be able to still get from an uncle or a father who has passed away — survivors' pensions pass to a spouse but not usually to older children. Many say they've maybe filled out forms in the past but aren't sure they filled them in properly, or mailed them, or ever heard that the VA got the papers. Sowers knows the VA is battling a reputation for red tape and backlog. "Now, the process is not a quick process. ... But the clock starts the moment we get that form in," he said. Sowers knows he's only adding to the backlog by bringing these veterans in from the cold, but that's his job. The country owes these veterans, he said, whether it's a home loan or health care or a pension. But even after traveling 4,000 miles to the opposite edge of the continent, Sowers finds that some of the vets in town don't want to be found. "Alaska has the highest proportion of veterans that serve," Sowers said. "And in these tribal communities they have an incredibly high percent of folks that served. But even here in a town of 152 people, when we had a veterans gathering, not all of the veterans showed." A couple of hours into the meeting, people started to get restless. Sowers had registered a few vets and asked folks to go out and tell the other veterans in town to get in touch. "I asked people here can we get email addresses," he said. "

Stories: 1) Paul Greenberg: The Future Of 'Wild Fish' 2) Two Ladies: Are You Team Bella, Or Team Lisbeth? 3) Seventeen Years Later, The Blue Shadows Reach U.S.


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Question: New Fears Among Afghanistan's Minority Hazara Community

In a prisoner swap this week, a militant group released 19 of 31 Afghan Hazara men kidnapped in February. The kidnapping raised fears in this minority community of being targeted in sectarian attacks.

Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: A Church Divided Over Gay Clergy: Interview

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Host Scott Shafer talks with Kevin Eckstrom, editor of the Washington D.C.-based Religion News Service about the compromise offered by the national Episcopal Church.

Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: A Surprising Revelation About the GOP Front-Runner; The Supreme Court Rules in Favor of Clean Undies; Palin vs. Couric Round 2.


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Question: Let's Hear It for the Big Men of Sports

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No one person is bigger than the sport? Nonsense. What about Tiger Woods or Roger Federer? And world-record smasher Michael Phelps is not only bigger than swimming, he may be bigger than the Olympics.

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Carl reads three quotes from the week's news: Is This Pledge a Lemon; Out With the Old, In With the Old; and Time Is on Their Side.


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Question: Health Care Financing Initiative Filed

Late word this afternoon that the initiative has been filed for funding the health care reform plan now awaiting state Senate approval, with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and Assembly Speaker Fabian Nunez as its official authors.
The initiative asks voters to approve a financing plan to pay for the $14 billion a year reform proposal, and includes [...]

Global Warming Solutions Act. San Joaquin Episcopal Split. End Music.


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Question: The Secret Court of Terror Investigations

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Congress votes this week on legislation making permanent nearly all of the USA Patriot Act. One focus of the bill is a little-known institution that has grown in power since the Sept. 11 attacks: the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.  The court authorizes surveillance of suspected spies and terrorists.  It is viewed with great suspicion by civil liberties groups concerned about the secrecy that shrouds the court's proceedings. Now, new documents show that FBI agents are also complaining about the process that the court oversees. These agents say that undue concern about civil liberties makes it too hard to conduct surveillance.   FISA Court Prompted by Nixon's Abuses The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court was supposed to put an end to the kinds of wiretaps that were placed on the phones of enemies of President Nixon, such as Morton Halperin.  The White House ordered the tap on Halperin to find out whether the former White House staffer had leaked information about the secret bombing of Cambodia. For nearly two years,  Halperin says, the tap picked up everything that he and his family said. "For example, I was working on the Muskie campaign for president," Halperin recalls. "They picked up calls about that. They picked up many personal calls. My little kids were on the phone and they got those. My wife's phone calls -- everything was intercepted." There was no need for the White House to obtain court approval. All President Nixon had to do was say that the tap was needed for "national security."  The need for reform was clear. In 1975, Senate hearings helped expose just how lawless the national security apparatus had become. To reform the process, Minnesota Sen. Walter Mondale said the country would have to decide "whether we're going to step beyond the stone line permitting investigative agencies to go beyond matters of law enforcement into matters of so-called 'internal security.'" Congress agreed that the president needed the ability to wiretap to protect national security, but lawmakers made sure the White House would have to jump through some hoops. Congress created the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to authorize wiretaps against "agents of a foreign power," even if they're not suspected of a crime.   According to Jim Dempsey of the Center for Democracy and Technology, that concept worked well in the context of the Cold War, when these so-called "FISA" warrants were part of the "spy v. spy" world. "Governments claim reciprocally the power to spy on each other, to gain a leg up in diplomatic matters, in trade negotiations,  for military purposes," Dempsey says.  Targets May Never Know They Were Tapped But now, FISA warrants have become important tools for fighting terrorism as well. The number of FISA search and wiretap warrants has nearly doubled since the attacks of Sept. 11. And the civil libertarians who once viewed the court as a protection against civil liberties now fear it could be used to authorize unwarranted surveillance once again.  Kate Martin of the Center for National Security Studies says that in contrast to wiretaps used in criminal cases, FISA warrants are usually kept secret forever. "If the government investigates a person under FISA and that person turns out to be innocent and he never is indicted as a terrorist or a spy, he will never be told that the government listened to his telephone conversations," Martin says. "[He] will never be told that the government was inside his house." These concerns grew with the passage of the USA Patriot Act, which helped break down the wall between intelligence and criminal investigations. Civil liberties groups worry that the FBI will favor these FISA warrants, since they are seen as easier to obtain than standard criminal search orders.   FBI Agents Say FISA Warrants Difficult to Obtain But new documents released under the Freedom of Information Act indicate that, in fact, many FBI agents have found the process of getting these warrants far too difficult. In e-mails and in official reports, these agents complain vociferously about the Office of Intelligence Policy and Review, the division of the Justice Department that takes these cases to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Marcia Hoffman of the Electronic Privacy Information Center fought the FBI in court to obtain the internal FBI documents. She says they "definitely suggest that there is tension within the department." In the documents, FBI agents generally praise the Patriot Act for making their counter-terror efforts easier. But agents complain about lawyers in the Justice Department whom they accuse of setting up unnecessary hurdles before sending requests to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.   Agents are particularly frustrated that they cannot get approval to use Section 215 of the Patriot Act, called the "library provision" by Patriot Act critics because it could be used to search library or any other business records.   One FBI e-mail from 2003

Ms. Miller Goes to Washington. Anti-Gang Summit in Oakland. End Music.


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Question: The Intimidating Task Behind This Season's Cutest Breakout Star

Sometimes an aging movie star must sit and watch as a charismatic newcomer steals the spotlight — even inanimate ones. R2-D2, the adorable little robot — or droid — first appeared in Star Wars in 1977. And over the years he's faced cute competition from Yoda, and the Ewoks. But the latest Star Wars movie, The Force Awakens, brings us what might be an even cuter new droid: BB-8. These days, the two men who built BB-8 have gotten used to people cooing over the droid's soulful, giant eye and its sweet, round silhouette. Matthew Denton supervised electronic design and development for the movie's characters; Joshua Lee is a senior animatronic designer. Some fans mocked BB-8 when its images first went public, for looking like a soccer ball, among other harmless things. "It's got similar proportions to a baby," says Lee. "And it has characterizations of a puppy," says Denton. "Like a puppy dog." BB-8 was first imagined by the film's director, J.J. Abrams, who sketched the little droid on a napkin in 30 seconds, Lee says. When they got that sketch, Lee and Denton were asked to devise a robot not dependent on digital effects. Abrams wanted to avoid CGI whenever possible. "We weren't really sure whether it was possible to achieve BB-8 physically," says Lee. "In fact, it was only about a week to go before filming began that we actually had the physical droids there for J.J. to look at." BB-8 is a robot on a mission, discovered by a girl on a desolate planet. It took about a year of testing and building to come up with all the BB-8s used in the movie, Lee says. "We built seven different versions of BB-8 to get all the shots we needed to," says Lee. "And they all got nicknames," adds Denton. 'The Wiggler" was for close-ups, given that it wiggles around in one place, "turning its head and tilting its body," says Lee. The "Bowling Ball" was literally bowled through shots whenever the droid had to move fast. And when BB-8 had to emote, there was a special puppet version, nicknamed, quite simply, "The Puppet." "A puppeteer was physically controlling the puppet through rods and levers," says Lee. "That was incredibly expressive." And expensive — those rods and levers had to be digitally removed. Now imagine you're Denton, who built BB-8, and your job was to remote-control it. It wasn't always so much fun, he says, on set in Abu Dhabi, where temperatures regularly exceeded 120 degrees. "You couldn't touch your hand on anything if it was metal — you didn't pick it up because you'd burn and it was like working on another planet," he says. "But I guess it was the point." Here's the wildest part. Denton and Lee had a list of things they knew the droid needed to do, including speed over sand, navigate through forests and climb down stairs. But they never saw a word of the script until the movie started shooting. "We didn't know how much BB-8 was in the movie and I've only realized what a huge deal it is actually," says Denton.

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Stories: 1) Chuck Close Celebrated in Dance and Print 2) Dominating the '60s Charts: A Motown Profile 3) Richard Gere Plays on 4) When the Devil You Know Turns Out to be Family


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Question: Bills...Casinos... And Staffers!

After a Memorial Day hiatus, we¿re back for our weekly wrap-up of the week in California politics.
This week: Bill deadlines in the Legislature as moderate Dems seem to prevail¿ Barstow casino deals go to extra innings in the Capitol¿ and a look at Arnold¿s well-paid army of aides.
As always, with John Myers, Kate [...]

Mudslide Watch. Citizenship Backlog. End Music.


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Question: Political Junkie: Health Care, Hybrids, And Sotomayor

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NPR political editor Ken Rudin weighs in on health care overhaul, the hugely popular "cash for clunkers" car-swapping program, and Thursday's vote to confirm Sonia Sotomayor as U.S. Supreme Court justice. Rep. Joe Sestak (D-PA) also joins the conversation.


Question: In New Hampshire, Skating For The Visually Impaired

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After a late-winter thaw, temperatures are dropping again in the Northeast. In Portsmouth, New Hampshire, it will stay below freezing for much of the weekend. And that will give a group of people who live with blindness one last chance to do something many of us take for granted. Jason Moon (@jasonmoonNHPR) from Here & Now contributor New Hampshire Public Radio explains.

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Carl reads three quotes from the weeks news: Remodeling The House; A Story That Fell From The Sky; and A Pint-Sized Literary Giant Emerges.


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Question: Romney's Business Skills Evident In His Strong Debating Style

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If there was any surprise in the first 90-minute presidential debate, it was President Obama's apathetic performance, not Mitt Romney's energetic and assertive pounding of the commander in chief. Anyone who had caught Romney's performances in the 23 debates he participated in before and during the Republican primaries, or his debates in Massachusetts when he ran for office there, would have expected Romney to be a smiling, numbers spewing, lively and aggressive political combatant bent on persuasion. Romney's style, reminiscent of the corporate deal-maker — which isn't surprising since that's what he once was — has come under attack from his political opponents. After the Oct. 3 debate, Obama sought to deflate Romney's obvious win by telling an audience at a San Francisco fundraiser: "But I want everybody to understand something: What was being presented wasn't leadership; that's salesmanship." Former President Bill Clinton had a more colorful description of Romney, as having the soul of a Bain Capital deal-maker who will do whatever it takes to close the transaction. Of course, an obvious response to all of this is that part of presidential leadership is salesmanship, something Clinton probably knows better than most, and an area where Obama has been lacking — and not only at the first presidential debate. Read More As someone from the world of business meetings who has undoubtedly done a prodigious number of PowerPoint presentations, Romney is obviously comfortable with data and facts. You could almost see the bullet points when Romney started off the first debate by concisely ticking off his economic plan:  "My plan has five basic parts. One, get us energy independent, North American energy independent. That creates about 4 million jobs. No. 2, open up more trade, particularly in Latin America; crack down on China if and when they cheat. No. 3, make sure our people have the skills they need to succeed and the best schools in the world. We're far away from that now. No. 4, get us to a balanced budget. No. 5, champion small business."  And that wasn't the only time he used audible bullet points. He was a veritable human PowerPoint at the first debate. "What made him so effective in some of the debates during the primaries and the first [presidential] debate is that he seemed to have control of the facts and the numbers," said James Roland, a debate coach at Emory University. "Now, obviously it's up for debate if those numbers are correct. But he comes across as being knowledgeable. And I think that lends itself to credibility to the audience." Because he had a handle on so much data (though not all of it accurate; and neither was all of Obama's), Romney was able to throw a series of charges at the president, knowing there would never be enough time for Obama to respond to them all. Maybe he also figured it would force Obama to spend time taking notes, which resulted in images of Obama with his head down for much of the evening. Here's an example of one particularly jam-packed Romney paragraph. He made it in response to Obama's charge that Romney wants to cut the federal education budget, a charge Romney rejected:  "But you make a very good point, which is that the — the place you put your money makes a pretty clear indication of where your heart is. You put $90 billion into — into green jobs. And — and I — look, I'm all in favor of green energy. Ninety billion (dollars) — that — that would have — that would have hired 2 million teachers. Ninety billion dollars. And these businesses — many of them have gone out of business. I think about half of them, of the ones have been invested in, they've gone out of business. A number of them happened to be owned by — by people who were contributors to your campaigns."  Even if Obama challenged that array of data, which he didn't, it would have taken a lot longer to rebut those accusations than it took Romney to make them. That technique worked so well, it would be amazing if Romney didn't repeat something similar at Tuesday's debate. Romney also is very mission oriented when he enters a debate or makes a speech. Because he's analytical by nature, according to people who know and have studied him, he usually knows what he wants to accomplish in a debate. In the first debate, it was fairly clear he wanted voters to view him as a man of action and as a leader who could not only match the president's command presence, but exceed it. And because so much of his argument for why he should be president is based on his business success, projecting the image of the successful CEO was vital. And never did he seem more the successful CEO than when he said to Obama: "The second topic, which is you said you get a deduction for getting a plant overseas. Look, I've been in business for 25 years. I have no idea what you're talking about. I maybe need to get a new accountant." Because he takes the offensive in debates to show his rivals and voters who's top dog, Romney can sometimes m

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Stories: 1) Our Confusing Economy, Explained 2) Parsing Obama's 'National Conversation'


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The American Brass Quintet

The American Brass Quintet performs a suite of courtly dances by late 16th- and early 17th-century English composer William Brade. Recorded last month at the Aspen Music Festival in Aspen, Colorado. (Aspen Recording Institute)

A special Hannukah set from the duo Good for the Jews.


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Question: Is the U.S. Army Operating a 'Back Door' Draft?

Ann Scott Tyson, a military reporter for the Washington Post, explains the military's policy of extending troops' tours. It's known as "stop loss" — and is the subject of a movie of the same name due in theaters Friday. Directed by Kimberly Peirce and starring Ryan Phillippe and  Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Stop-Loss dramatizes a program Tyson says the U.S. military reintroduced in September 2001. Those early involuntary extensions, she says, primarily affected soldiers with special technical skills, such as intelligence officers and engineers. By January 2004, however, Tyson says the orders — originating with then-Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld — began to affect regular Army units. Today, she says, the so-called stop-loss policy means that virtually every soldier — in "blanket fashion" — can be summoned for active duty up to 90 days before his or her original start date, and also can be kept on duty 90 days beyond his or her end, or separation, date.  To make it clear how those 90 days can become 500 days, Tyson describes one scenario. If a period of 90 days gets tacked on at the end of a soldier's tour — say, for instance, 10 days before she was to end her military commitment — the military can, during that 90-day "extension," send the woman to Iraq for yet another tour. "Then you're talking about a year or two years of service you didn't count on," she says. The result is not a draft, which was abolished in 1973, Tyson says, but the consequences are just as severe. She points out that because every man or woman serving in the U.S. military volunteered to do so, they cannot accurately be called "draftees."  "But they haven't volunteered to serve for that long," she says. And when a soldier is made to serve another 15 months in Iraq, she says, "That can be a life or death situation, obviously." Tyson says the extensions are probably most devastating for the families. As for the soldiers, she says that because this is a blanket policy, the men and women know it's coming. "There's a sort of resignation," she says.

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Stories: 1) Deadly Insurgents With Ties To U.S. Dollars 2) The Trouble With Health Problems Near Gas Fracking


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Question: On This Day In 1981:  Siljander Wins Stockman's House Seat

April 21, 1981: Michigan state Rep. Mark Siljander (R), a Christian fundamentalist and strong anti-abortion conservative, wins a special election in the state's 4th Congressional District with nearly 73 percent of the vote. He succeeds David Stockman, who was named as President Reagan's budget director. Stockman had tried to get a longtime ally to replace him but Siljander beat him in the Republican primary. In fact, the Michigan GOP establishment battled with Siljander throughout his tenure in Congress over his tendency to link religion and politics. He was finally ousted in the 1986 primary by Fred Upton, a moderate, who still serves. Siljander made what many considered to be a major gaffe by inferring, in an appeal to fundamentalist ministers, that Upton was backed by the forces of Satan. Today in Campaign History is a daily feature on Political Junkie.

Stories: 1) Could Wall Street Woes Set Off A Global Crisis? 2) After 37 Years, Zwerling Closer To 'Pop Heaven'


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Question: Weekly Wrap: "All Over Again."

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Music from<em> Black Panther</em>, the Pyeongchang Olympics, and a new champion show-dog. Sam looks back at the week's news and more with NPR International Correspondent Elise Hu (@elisewho) and NPR editor Barrie Hardymon (@bhardymon). Plus music from Nick Hakim (@nick_hakim). Email the show at samsanders@npr.org or tweet @NPRItsBeenaMin with feels.

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news: "The Art of the Squeal," "So Long, Long Island City!" "Get Shorty."


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Question: Golden Dawn: Greek Court Delivers Landmark Verdicts Against Neo-Nazi Party

After a trial that lasted more than five years, a Greek court ruled Wednesday that the Golden Dawn neo-Nazi party is a criminal organization. It convicted 68 party members of crimes including murder and attempted murder. Eleven defendants were present in the courtroom. Huge crowds massed outside the courtroom in Athens, waving banners that read "Nazis in Prison." The crowds roared after each guilty verdict was announced. "It's a victory because this means Golden Dawn as an organization does not have the right to exist anymore," says Dora Oikonomidou, an Athens business owner and anti-fascism activist who was in the crowd. "This is the first significant trial of a neo-Nazi party in Europe after World War II. It's not the end of fascism, because fascism is everywhere. But it is an extremely important moment for us." The party emerged some four decades ago. A Hitler-praising former army commando, Nikos Michaloliakos, founded Golden Dawn in the 1980s as a violent fringe party of racist, xenophobic Holocaust deniers. Many Greeks were horrified as they watched the rise of Golden Dawn in the last decade. During Greece's debt crisis, which destroyed the country's economy, many Greeks were left destitute and angry. Golden Dawn tapped into that anger, rising from the fringes and winning 18 seats in parliament in 2012. Golden Dawn members celebrated those political victories by shouting "Blood, Honor, Golden Dawn!" — adapting a Nazi slogan — as they flanked Michaloliakos, who compared himself to Julius Caesar. "I came, I saw, I conquered," he declared. "You defamed me. You silenced me. I defeated you." The win emboldened party members who were already violently attacking migrants, saying Greece needed to be "cleaned" of foreigners. In 2012, Golden Dawn members broke into the homes of Egyptian fishermen and beat them nearly to death with wooden bats and iron rods. These attackers were convicted on Wednesday of attempted murder. The following year, on Sept. 13, 2013, Golden Dawn members stabbed to death a Greek anti-fascist musician, Pavlos Fyssas, who sang under the stage name Killah P. After the 34-year-old performer's murder, his grieving mother, Magda Fyssa, pushed for the government to open a criminal inquiry into Golden Dawn. The trial began in April 2015. Fyssa attended all 454 sessions. When the three judges convicted Golden Dawn members of murdering her son, she burst into tears and pumped her fists, looking up at the sky. "You did it, Pavlos! You did it, my son!" she shouted. "She was there every day, even as the Nazis were taunting her, saying, 'Where's your son now?'" says Oikonomidou, whose own parents grew up when Greece was occupied by the Nazis and fought fascism in the years when Greece was ruled by a military junta from 1967 to 1974. "Magda Fyssa fought back all the way." Golden Dawn members claim they are victims of political persecution. Party loyalists portray themselves as patriots and even endorsed Donald Trump for U.S, president in 2016 because they believed he promotes, in their words, "clean ethnic states." The long trial of Golden Dawn choked the life out of the party. With its brutality on full display, the party hemorrhaged voters and was so broke it could no longer pay rent for its Athens offices. Infighting prompted resignations and defections. The party did not win enough votes to make it into parliament in elections last year. Political leaders in Greece welcomed Wednesday's verdicts. "Today's decision is a confirmation that democracy and its institutions are always capable of fending off any attempt to undermine them," said Greek President Katerina Sakellaropoulou. Amnesty International's Europe Director, Nils Muiznieks, said in a statement that the verdicts send "a clear message to political groups with aggressive anti-migrant and anti-human rights agendas in Greece and across Europe that violent and racist criminal activity — whether perpetrated by individuals on the street or members of parliament, will not go unpunished." Golden Dawn member Giorgos Roupakias, convicted of murdering Fyssas, faces life in prison. Party leader Michaloliakos and his deputies face up to 15 years of jail time. But there is concern that "mainstream parties have been complicit in legitimizing xenophobic rhetoric," writes Georgia Nakou of the political analysis site Macropolis. She adds that "anti-systemic, populist slogans adopted at both ends of the political spectrum will also continue to find fertile ground as long as living standards remain depressed." Golden Dawn's ultranationalist ideology also lives on in parties like Greek Solution, founded by Kyriakos Velopoulos, a far-right, anti-immigrant journalist who wants to install an electric fence on Greece's border with Turkey. Velopoulos admires the nativist policies of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban and President Trump. One of the party's slogans is "Greece first," modeled after Trump's "America first." Human rights groups say there are also Gold

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- No End In Sight As Government Shutdown Begins. -- Obama: 'Perpetual Cycle Of Brinksmanship ... Has To End.' -- In Talk Of Shutdown, A Familiar Feeling At The White House. And here are more early headlines: Despite Government Shutdown, Obamacare Opens Enrollment Today. (Reuters) Israeli Prime Minister Visits U.N. Today, Warning Against Iran. (CBS) U.S. Diplomats Expelled From Venezuela For 'Sabotage'. (CNN) Bangladesh Sentences Opposition Leader To Death For War Crimes. (BBC) Greece Cracks Down On Far Right Party Accused Of Murder, Corruption. (Guardian) Jury Seated In Insider Trading Trial Of Dallas Mavericks Owner. (New York Times) UC Berkeley Blast May Be Linked To Underground Copper Theft. (San Jose Mercury News) Police Catch Thief Sprayed With Liquid That Glows In Ultraviolet Light. (Reuters)


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Question: Critic Ted Libbey Joins

Critic Ted Libbey joins Martin for another of their weekly visits to the PT Basic Record Library. Today they discuss, and Ted recommends recordings of, the infrequently heard (and yet beautiful) Solemn Vespers by Mozart.

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Stories: 1) Congressman, Civil Rights Icon John Lewis 2) Journalist, Author Ta-Nehisi Coates


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Question: 4 Years... 700,000 More Voters

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(Sorry for the long absence with all of last month¿s big political news¿ as mentioned before, the new little one in the family has kept me away from the hustle and bustle.  Look for more frequent blog entries this month! ¿JM)
Secretary of State Debra Bowen¿s new report on the number of registered voters in [...]

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Grand Re-Opening! Dial 1-900-SCOTUS; Animal Kingdom.


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Question: N.Y. Philanthropist Brooke Astor Dies at 105

New York socialite Brooke Astor died Monday at the age of 105.  For decades, she was known as the city's unofficial first lady. Astor spent her inherited millions to help the poor help themselves.  In her final years, Astor was at the center of a public family fight over her care and fortune. ROBERT SIEGEL, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Robert Siegel.  MICHELE NORRIS, host:  And I'm Michele Norris.  One of the grandams of New York society died today. Philanthropist and socialite Brooke Astor was 105 years old.  NPR's Lynn Neary reports.  LYNN NEARY: She was born Brooke Russell in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on March 30th, 1902. She was married three times. And it was her third marriage to Vincent Astor, which made her heiress to the fortune of real estate tycoon John Jacob Astor. Brooke Astor was both a link to a bygone era and a vivid presence on New York's social and cultural scene for decades.  Harold Holzer is senior vice president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, one of the many New York City cultural institutions, which benefited from her philanthropy.  Mr. HAROLD HOLZER (Senior Vice President, Metropolitan Museum of Art): As tiny as she was, she was a force of nature, with her gloves and her hat and her formality, which nonetheless was tempered with deep empathy for people. No matter where they came from, no matter where they stood on the economic ladder, there was an empathy from her that was so tangible and so loving.  NEARY: Astor's contributions to New York are inestimable, says Holzer. She gave millions to the New York Public Library, the Morgan Library & Museum, Rockefeller University and many more, both large and small. And, says Holzer, much of her giving came at a difficult time for the city.  Mr. HOLZER: What's important to remember about her is that she began this philanthropy and was dogged about it in the darkest days of New York's history, before the recent renaissance. She was working in poor neighborhoods and in great museums alike and in libraries to keep doors open, to keep collections thriving, to help inner-city kids in moments when the city itself was unable to do those things.  NEARY: Brooke Astor's standing in the city was so important that in 1996, the New York Landmark Conservancy named her a living landmark. So it was shocking to learn last year that her late years were troubled. The news broke when one of her grandsons accused her only son, Anthony Marshall, of mistreating and exploiting her in her old age. Though the sordid details played out in the news for months, the two sides announced a settlement in October. Those who love Brooke Astor took some comfort in knowing that she was too ill to know anything about the controversy.  Lynn Neary, NPR News, Washington.

Stories: 1) 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' Gears Up for New Season 2) Evangelist D. James Kennedy Dies at Age 76


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Question: Sufjan Stevens' New Dance Score Set To Premiere At New York City Ballet

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Sufjan Stevens is already an icon among indie rock fans. Justin Peck of the New York City Ballet (NYCB) has had a meteoric rise from dancer into one of the world's most sought-after choreographers. They've already done several collaborations together — and they're hoping for another hit with their newest partnership, The Decalogue. A piece for solo piano and ten dancers, The Decalogue will be premiered on May 12 with additional performances through May 20. It's part of a program of four works that, aside from Stevens' new score, otherwise leans heavily on Baroque music by Vivaldi, Pergolesi, Biber and Geminiani. The Decalogue's premiere is part of the company's Here/Now Festival, which runs through May 21. This is Stevens' third collaboration with NYCB, following 2012's Year of the Rabbit and 2014's Everywhere We Go. "I do some of my best work to his music. I just find it very inspiring on a personal level," Peck, who has also collaborated with other musicians like Dan Deacon and Bryce Dessner, told Vanity Fair in 2016. By contrast, as Stevens told the New York Times in 2014, it took the musician a while to fall in love with ballet:  "Ballet seemed so anachronistic, so formal and classical and archaic and irrelevant to pop culture, the world of YouTube and reality television. I didn't understand it. But when Justin invited me to do the Rabbit ballet, he persuaded me to have an education and kind of curated my experience ... There is no pandering, there is nothing coy about it — it is so distilled and perfect, immaculate. That's what convinced me that ballet was important. It is all about absence of self — there is no ego in it, even though there is extreme self-consciousness. Ballet is like proof of the existence of God, whereas my art is proof of the existence of me. It made me understand how selfish and boring it can be to make art that is all about yourself."

Stories: 1) Paul Farmer Examines Haiti 'After The Earthquake' 2) From Bop To Baroque: The Modern Jazz Quartet 3) Heads Up, TV Fans: Great Shows Start This Week


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Question: Can Turkey Be A Model For The Arab World?

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the subtitle to find a news title on NPR with less details', 'While we follow the news from Japan (here) and Libya (here) in separate posts, here\'s a quick look at some other stories making headlines: -- "Former Secretary Of State Warren Christopher Dies At 85." (The Washington Post) -- "Brazilians Welcome Obama As Their Own." (Weekend Edition Saturday) -- "Super Moon" To Rise Tonight. -- "Domain \'.xxx\' Approved For Web Porn Sites." (The Associated Press) -- "Unpredictable Mason Makes Up For Quieter Day," in men\'s college basketball. (CBS Sports)']" should be close to "['Represent this short title to find a subtitle that might be right below it on NPR', 'Other Headlines: Warren Christopher Has Died; Obama Is In Brazil']"

The Turkish economy is booming and changes to the constitution have expanded rights for women and minorities. Washington Post columnist Jackson Diehl argues that while the Turkish government has its shortcomings, it could become a model for Islamic governments throughout the Middle East.

Good morning, here are our early stories: Panetta: Don't Leap To Conclusions About Gen. Allen. Should Petraeus Scandal Be A Big Topic At Obama's News Conference Today? And here are more early headlines: Long Island Utility Chief Quitting Over Superstorm Sandy Response. (Newsday) Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi To Announce Decision On Her House Post. (Los Angeles Times) Anti-Austerity Strikes Underway In Several European Countries. (NBC) Chinese President Hu Jintao Leaves Political Office As Part Of Power Transition. (VOA) Second Day Of Protests In Jordan Over High Gas Prices. (Jordan Times) African Union Seeks U.N. Authorization To Invade Mali And Fight Islamist Militants. (AP) Pakistan To Release Some Afghan Taliban Prisoners To Help Peace Process. (Reuters) Car Bombs Kill Many In Iraq Ahead Of Islamic New Year. (BBC) Contraception Is A Human Right, Says U.N. Agency. (AP)


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Question: The Recession Predictor

There's a warning sign for the economy with an amazing track record: The last five times it flashed, the U.S. economy went into recession within about a year. This economic crystal ball takes the views of people and institutions from from all around the world and boils them down into a single, simple signal. That signal is called the yield curve. It's not flashing now, at least not yet, but it might be close enough to make you nervous. Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter/ Facebook.Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.


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Question: Trump-Kim Summit: What To Expect

Suzanne DiMaggio of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace has been speaking with North Korean officials. She tells NPR's Michel Martin what to expect from Thursday's summit in Hanoi.

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Good morning, here are our early stories: -- Biden: McConnell Refused To Sign Bipartisan Statement On Russian Interference. -- Trump Lashes Out After Schumer Withdraws Offer On Border Wall. -- Remains Of 5 Gas Rig Workers Recovered After Explosion In Oklahoma. -- The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI. -- Google's Space Race To The Moon Ends, And Nobody Wins Lunar X Prize. -- Sen. Tammy Duckworth's Pregnancy Set To Be Another First For The Illinois Democrat. -- Gunmen Storm Afghan Office Of Save The Children. And here are more early headlines: Ex-Brazilian President Lula Waits For Corruption Appeal Verdict. (AFP) New Interim San Francisco Mayor Picked; Opponents Say Race A Factor. (SF Gate) Foreclosures Could Increase In Puerto Rico After Hurricanes. (AP) Senate Close To Voting On HHS Nominee, Alex Azar. (The Hill) "Where We Net Out At This": The Jargon At Davos. (BBC)


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Question: Campaign Ads Include Increased Disclosure

Due to changes in campaign rules, voters this year are hearing a new disclosure statement from political candidates during their TV ads. We'll hear where the change came from and what it's meant to do - as well as what it means for the strategists who have to cram a candidate's message into 30-second commercials.

San Diego Schools Reopen. Electoral Initiative. End Music.


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Question: Who's Bill This Time

Bill Kurtis reads three quotes from the week's news...Can't Stump Trump, Berning Down The House, Stay Inside The Lines

Carl Kasell reads three quotes from the week's news ... Moving on Up, Prez Charming, and Who's Big Gulping now?


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Question: To See Visual Dazzle In Oscar-Nominated Films, Go Short

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Earlier this month, the National Society of Film Critics selected Jean-Luc Godard's esoteric but visually groundbreaking Goodbye to Language 3D as its best film of 2014. A minor controversy ensued when some journalists who cover the awards season beat accused the organization of being "self-congratulatory," "elitist," and generally out of touch. The reality the dust-up brought to light is hardly a new one. The Golden Globes, Academy Awards, and others awards celebrate a particular kind of movie told in a particular kind of way. Despite the NSFC nod, when Goodbye to Language wasn't nominated for any Oscars, no one declared it a snub. The movie—with its unapologetic focus on the image rather than narrative—was, for all intents and purposes, never in contention. In that context, the nominees for the short film categories—which for the tenth straight year are being shown in theaters across the country—are refreshing precisely because they offer a wide, though of course not complete, vision of what cinema looks like today. The short documentary category stands out in particular, the consistent bleakness of its entries offset by the variety of its approaches to storytelling. In a selection that includes, among other things, a harrowing inside-look at a suicide hotline for veterans, Tomasz Śliwiński's Our Curse is the most viscerally upsetting entry. The movie documents Śliwiński and his wife Maciej's experience raising a son, Leo, born with CCHS (known also as Ondine's Curse), a disorder that affects a person's breathing when they're asleep, requiring them to use a ventilator whenever they go to bed. The film is an immersive video memoir, letting us into Śliwiński and Maciej's lives through long takes shot by a fixed camera, and anchored by a series of nighttime conversations between the parents—debriefing sessions through which we glimpse their anxiety while coping with Leo's disorder. Although the film's final moments try to emphasize the family's perseverance, much of the doc is often so distressing as to be unwatchable, particularly in a scene where Śliwiński and Maciej have to remove and clean Leo's breathing tube, leaving the baby crying and gasping for air in the process. In contrast to the intimacy of Our Curse, Aneta Kopacz's Joanna, which is about a woman fighting a losing battle against cancer, has an impersonal feel, the camera an unnoticed observer to Joanna and her family's struggles. Kopacz focuses primarily on Joanna's relationship with her son, Janek. But when Joanna and her husband sit down to tell Janek that she only has a short time to live, we're not there with them as we would be in Our Curse; Kopacz shoots the scene from outside the house, through a window, where we can only see Janek's reaction. The moment is as affecting as any in Our Curse, and watching both films together is cause to relish the contrasting styles represented among the nominees. That feeling grows further with The Reaper, the most visually stunning of the short docs, which recounts a day in the life of a slaughterhouse worker through pristinely composed shots of the tools, machines, and, yes, animals (both living and dead) that he works with on a daily basis. The approach is calculated and emotionally distanced; the director Gabriel Serra Arguello films blood on the wall like a splatter painting. It's far different than Our Curse and Joanna in that respect, but the punch to the gut it produces feels the same.  The animated short category offers a respite from the gloom in the documentaries. The nominees are heartwarming and often funny stories like Torill Kove's Me and My Moulton, a memoir about growing up in a hippie family when everyone else's parents seem normal and straitlaced. (Standout line: "Ten thousand men in our town, one single mustache. And it has to be on my dad.") That said, the category's best offering, Daisy Jacobs's The Bigger Picture, is about two brothers who get in a fight while caring for their elderly mother. Despite the subject matter, though, Jacobs's approach is still defined more by dry, dark humor than despair, and The Bigger Picture is a must-see largely for its technical accomplishments. Jacobs achieved the look of the film by painting characters onto the walls of real sets and having these animations, which are childishly simple and at times expressionist in their distortions, interact with 3D papier-mâché props through stop-motion. The astonishing result—whether its simply watching a character pour tea or, more fantastically, suck up an entire room into a vacuum cleaner—is like seeing a mural stick a hand out of a wall to start shaking the hands of passersby. (You can get a sense of the style in this making-of video.) The live action shorts, unfortunately, are largely disappointing, suffering too often from corny sentimentalism, shallow characters, or insipid plots. Only Hu Wei's Butter Lamp rises above the fray, and even it suffers from a punch-line ending that lands too neatly. Before tha

Stories: 1) Dan Fante: Reliving Addictions One Page At A Time 2) Hot Chip Brings Romance To The Dance Floor 3) Damon and Soderbergh, An Informative Pair 4) Two Movie Islands, One Worth Visiting


Question: represent the headline to find a news subtitle on npr with more details The query could be '['', 'Responding to Your Letters']' and should be close to '['Represent this subtitle to find a title that might be right above it on NPR:', "Farai Chideya and News & Notes editor Sasa Woodruff read listeners' e-mails about our coverage of the West Virginia Democratic primary and a recent bloggers' roundtable."]' but very far from '['represent this text to find its title about the same news but with slightly less depth\n\nExamples:\n\n"Each morning for the past decade, StoryCorps has been presenting interviews recorded in booths. But this year, StoryCorps created a smartphone app that gives anyone — even if they can\'t get to a booth — the ability to interview someone and save that recorded interview at the Library of Congress. These interviews can be recorded anywhere, even in the parking lot of an Applebee\'s. That\'s where Kara Masteller sat with her grandfather, James Kennicott, and talked about life and love in Waterloo, Iowa — in Masteller\'s 1994 Buick. "How did you know Grandma was the one?" Masteller asks her grandfather. "Well, she was a good looker," he laughs. "We fit together. We were a good pair." Masteller says her grandmother\'s looks belied a salty personality — an innocent countenance that left people shocked when she\'d break out a string of curse words. Masteller says that earned her a reputation as a "spicy meatball." It would be understandable, then, if Kennicott was nervous to propose to her. He says he wasn\'t, though. "If we had something to say we said it. Like you," Kennicott tells his granddaughter. And Kennicott says the key to a happy marriage was, for him and his wife, just as simple. "Well, if something happens, just say, \'I\'m sorry,\' and get it over with. There\'s no reason to carry on. I\'d just say, \'I\'m sorry, I love you\' — and that was the whole story." Last April, Kennicott was diagnosed with Alzheimer\'s. Masteller asks him how he has adjusted to life with the disease. "Not much you can do. I even can\'t remember some names now myself," Kennicott answers, laughing. "So maybe I have got it. I don\'t know." Ultimately, Kennicott\'s advice for those facing aging is simple. "Don\'t fight it," he says. "Just roll with — I mean, life. Live it. It\'s wonderful." And, as they were getting out of the car, Masteller says her grandfather added just one more thing: "Let\'s give \'em hell, kiddo." For the full conversation, listen at the audio link above. Audio produced for Morning Edition by Michael Garofalo. Special thanks to Iowa Public Radio. StoryCorps is a national nonprofit that gives people the chance to interview friends and loved ones about their lives. These conversations are archived at the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, allowing participants to leave a legacy for future generations. Learn more, including how to interview someone in your life, at StoryCorps.org." == "A Backseat Biography: Life And Love, As Told From An Applebee\'s Parking Lot"', 'In the aftermath of catastrophic events such as a mass shooting or natural disaster, politicians often offer up their thoughts and prayers to victims. Critics then hit back, condemning the phrase as meaningless — with no real value or impact. Now a new study from economists finds that prayers might have an actual dollar value, and they may also have real consequences for charitable giving in the wake of catastrophe, but not in the way you might think. Source: Thunström, Linda and Shiri Noy, "The Value of Thoughts and Prayers", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019 Music by Drop Electric. Find us: Twitter / Facebook / Newsletter.  Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, PocketCasts and NPR One.']'

Question: South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission

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In the first of a five-part series on South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, NPR's Charlayne Hunter-Gault talks with victims of apartheid-era abuses who are frustrated with the Commission at the end of its two-and-a-half years of work. More than 20,000 victims submitted statements, but only a few got the chance to testify in public. Victims were promised reparations, but many have not yet received any money. Some feel the Truth Commission acted more speedily to rule on amnesty for perpetrators of political crimes than it did in responding to victims' needs.

NPR's Brooke Gladstone reports on the United Nations Women's Symposium.


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Question: The Jamestown Project

Guest: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, the Silver Professor of History at New York University

The Re-Structuring of Comair, Field Notes: Crystal Clear Science, Essencha Tea House, Isabella Moon, Focus on Technology


Question: My River Home: A Journey from the Gulf War to the Gulf of Mexico

Guest: Marcus Eriksen, Director of Research and Education for the Algalita Marine Research Foundation and an active member of Veterans for Peace

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Stories: 1) Teddy Roosevelt And The Fire That Saved The Forests 2) A Memoir Of Pakistan, Islamic Fundamentalism


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Question: What to See and What Not to This Weekend

Bob Mondello, phoning in from 50 feet away, offered some advice on this weekend's movie releases: V for Vendetta: A graphic-novel-based fantasy that cribs plot points and visuals from multiple sources. It mistakes terrorism for revolution and allows the Wachowski Brothers to climb about halfway back out of the hole they dug for themselves in the last two Matrix movies. As dystopias go, it's second-tier stuff... sort of George Orwell's 1984 with a happier ending. But Natalie Portman looks great with her head shaved, and there are special effects in the last reel. Why they bothered hiring Hugo Weaving to play V is anyone's guess since he never takes off his Guy Fawkes mask. Mondello talks about the Shakespeare connection on ATC tonight. She's the Man: Soccer captain Duke (Channing Tatum) quotes his high school coach as saying, "Some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them," which suggests the coach might actually have read Twelfth Night. The screenwriters only seem to have read the Cliff's Notes (and not too carefully) as they plunked the Bard's cross-dressing heroine, Viola (Amanda Bynes), into a boy's soccer squad. Cute enough for tweeners, but a little sugary for folks over 13.  Thank You for Smoking: A tobacco industry satire that's about two years late and a couple of dozen jokes short. It's funny on occasion, but in obvious, clunky ways. (This is one of those movies that NPR has decided to do a lot on, which happens from time-to-time -- every show feels like they have to take a whack at it.) Find Me Guilty: The "true" story of the longest criminal trial in U.S. history plays out as a great argument against the jury system. Vin Diesel is fat and funny as a small-time mobster in a big-time crime family who refuses to rat out his pals and whose antics turn the trial into a farce. Sidney Lumet has done trial movies straight in the past (12 Angry Men, The Verdict), and has fun sending this one up. Don't Come Knocking: A past-his-prime, alcoholic cowboy (Sam Shepard) goes AWOL, visits his mom (Eva Marie Saint) for the first time in decades, and discovers he fathered a son years earlier with a girlfriend (Jessica Lange) who is less-than-overjoyed to see him again. The son's not too keen on him either. Shepard co-wrote with director Wim Wenders and the whole thing feels seriously overwrought.

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We're a big family at NPR, with amazing member stations and listeners tuning in or clicking from all over the world. Last week, when All Songs Considered posted its annual poll inviting people to pick their favorite albums of 2012, thousands of votes poured in from those listeners with sometimes surprising results. Babel, by Mumford & Sons, is the listener pick for the 2012 album of the year. It didn't come out until this fall, but managed to climb quickly as the favorite, at least among those who voted in our year-end poll. It's followed closely by Of Monsters And Men, Alabama Shakes, Jack White and Grizzly Bear in the top five. As you work your way through the rest of the most popular records you'll probably see a lot that you love, and you'll also likely find some that leave you scratching your head. That's the beauty of what happens when you have a large and wonderfully diverse group of voters with a broad range of tastes. On this week's All Songs Considered we countdown through the top 25 most popular records from our listener poll. 1. Babel Artist: Mumford & Sons Album: Babel 2. My Head Is An Animal Artist: Of Monsters and Men Album: My Head Is An Animal 3. Boys & Girls Artist: Alabama Shakes Album: Boys & Girls 4. Blunderbuss Artist: Jack White Album: Blunderbuss 5. Shields Artist: Grizzly Bear Album: Shields 6. Lumineers Artist: The Lumineers Album: Lumineers 7. Channel Orange Artist: Frank Ocean Album: Channel Orange 8. Bloom Artist: Beach House Album: Bloom 9. Coexist Artist: The xx Album: Coexist 10. The Idler Wheel... Artist: Fiona Apple Album: The Idler Wheel... 11. Some Nights Artist: Fun. Album: Some Nights 12. The Carpenter Artist: Avett Brothers Album: The Carpenter 13. Celebration Rock Artist: Japandroids Album: Celebration Rock 14. What We Saw From The Cheap Seats Artist: Regina Spektor Album: What We Saw From The Cheap Seats 15. Gossamer Artist: Passion Pit Album: Gossamer 16. Break It Yourself Artist: Andrew Bird Album: Break It Yourself 17. Sun Artist: Cat Power Album: Sun 18. Port of Morrow Artist: The Shins Album: Port of Morrow 19. The Lion's Roar Artist: First Aid Kit Album: The Lion's Roar 20. Lonerism Artist: Tame Impala Album: Lonerism 21. There's No Leaving Now Artist: The Tallest Man on Earth Album: There's No Leaving Now 22. Swing Lo Magellan Artist: Dirty Projectors Album: Swing Lo Magellan 23. An Awesome Wave Artist: Alt-J Album: An Awesome Wave 24. The Heist Artist: Macklemore & Ryan Lewis Album: The Heist 25. Good Kid M.A.A.D. City Artist: Kendrick Lamar Album: Good Kid M.A.A.D. City


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Question: Turbulence In Markets And Commodities

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Shares in the commodities trader Glencore were doing better today after falling nearly 30 percent Monday as the company struggles with commodity prices that have hit record lows. Here & Now’s Jeremy Hobson looks at the markets and how commodity companies are grappling with low prices with Jason Bellini of The Wall Street Journal. Guest

Jason Bellini, senior producer at The Wall Street Journal. He tweets @jasonbellini.

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Lethal Injection Hearings Continue. Violent Crime Wave Sweeps Tijuana. End Music.


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Question: NPR is Not Running Monsanto Spots

Public radio is at heart, a public service. But it's a complicated public service that doesn't operate like other media. Just yesterday, a man raved about how he listened to NPR all day long. I corrected him. Nicely. "Actually, what you listen to all day long in Washington, DC, is WAMU, which hosts NPR programming as well as BBC, American Public Media, Public Radio International and independently produced shows." No matter how often it's explained that NPR does not own any public radio stations, people often assume their local station is NPR-run because it broadcasts public radio staples: Morning Edition and All Things Considered. So where am I going? Because of this understandable misunderstanding, some listeners are firing off emails and phone calls (and even a letter) condemning NPR for running Monsanto underwriting spots. Several blog posts are equally critical. They are incorrect. NPR is not taking any money from Monsanto, a large agribusiness concern that specializes in genetically engineered seeds designed to grow crops bigger and faster. If, for example, a Washington, DC, listener tuned in to WAMU on a recent morning, he or she might have heard two underwriting spots for Monsanto around 8 a.m. American Public Media, which produces Marketplace, is running corporate underwriting spots from Monsanto: "Marketplace is supported by Monsanto, committed to sustainable agriculture: creating hybrid and biotech seeds designed to increase crop yields and conserve natural resources. Produce more conserve more dot com." WAMU too has accepted sponsorship money from Monsanto for this spot: "Support for WAMU 88.5 comes from Monsanto, committed to sustainable agriculture and creating hybrid and biotech seeds designed to increase crop yields and conserve natural resources. More at Produce More, Conserve More dot come." Neither of these spots is affiliated with NPR. Nor has Monsanto approached NPR to buy corporate sponsorship spots, according to John King, operations manager for sponsorship On June 1, however, Morning Edition ran a story about organic farming in India, which did mention Monsanto and provided a sound bite touting Monsanto from a company video. But the piece also includes correspondent Daniel Zwerdling saying that activists do not all support Monsanto's claims: Announcer: Global agriculture faces one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. ZWERDLING: That's a video from Monsanto, the huge agribusiness firm. SOUNDBITE OF VIDEO Announcer: By 2050, there will be nine billion people on Earth. ZWERDLING: Monsanto says genetic engineering will help save the day. As you might know, Monsanto scientists are taking genes from animals and bacteria and they're inserting them in plants, so the plants grow faster and fight insects naturally. Monsanto's spokesman in India is Christopher Samuel. He says over the next 20 years, they're going to invent crops that produce twice as much food. Mr. CHRISTOPHER SAMUEL (Monsanto Spokesman in India): That's the first part, produce more, while reducing the amount of land, water, and energy and that's fertilizer there by 30 percent by 2030 - so protecting the environment and its natural resources. ZWERDLING: But activists say we've heard Monsanto's kind of promises before about the green revolution, and it turned out that the system caused serious side effects. They say why should anyone assume that biotechnology won't cause long-term problems, too? So activists have been preaching that organic farming... Please send your concerns about the Monsanto spots to the following links for WAMU and Marketplace.

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Good morning. Our early headlines: -- In Syria, Peace Plan 'Is Unraveling'. -- Pentagon Condemns Actions Of Soldiers Posing With Suicide Bombers' Remains. -- Ted Nugent Stands Firm, Secret Service To Look Into His Words About Obama. Other stories making news: Read More -- "Obama, Romney In Dead Heat Among Registered Voters." (CBS News) -- Norway's Mass Murderer Says "He Should Either Be Acquitted Or Executed;" A Jail Term Would Be "Pathetic." (The Guardian) -- "Secret Service Inquiry Leads To Colombian Brothels." (The New York Times) -- "GSA Official's Wife Accompanied Him On Trips At Taxpayer Expense." (The Washington Post) -- "Ozzie Guillen Back In Marlins' Dugout, Promises To Manage His Mouth." (Miami Herald) -- "Spanish King Juan Carlos Sorry For Botswana Hunt Trip." (BBC News)


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Question: What Election Results Say About The Obama Effect

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When Barack Obama made history a year ago by getting elected the first black president of the U.S., he did it in part by changing the electorate. He brought in millions of new voters.  But one year later, Obama and the Democrats were unable to get those "Obama surge" voters back to the polls.  And while there's a feisty argument going on about what the election results mean, there's no argument about the score: The Democrats got a slap in the face. The Republicans got a much-needed victory.  "The bottom line is that the GOP last night became, I think, transcendent in that it moved beyond the past losses and no message and no meaning for the American people," said Republican National Committee Chairman Michael Steele. "And I think yesterday we had candidates who set some milestones for us and now, hopefully, point the way for 2010 and beyond." Some Republicans went further and claimed that the vote was a referendum on the president and his policies.   But exit polls show that in New Jersey and Virginia, the president wasn't a factor — and he still has high approval ratings in those states.  The 'Obama Phenom' Only Works For Him So why wasn't Obama, with his campaign visits to those states, able to turn out voters who supported him just one year ago?  "Enthusiasm isn't always transferable — and particularly when you're asking people to vote in a state race that is a little bit removed from the national issues and national race," says David Axelrod, Obama's top political adviser. "I think you're going to see a lot of folks who were supportive of the president last year re-engage for national elections next year. And, obviously, we'll work very hard to keep them engaged."  One important lesson from Tuesday's vote, says analyst Charlie Cook, is that the "Obama phenomenon" only works when he himself is on the ballot.    "It was gone last night," Cook says. "President Obama still had positive job approval ratings in both Virginia and in New Jersey, but that wasn't enough. It didn't convey the young people, and minorities didn't show up so much. And the independents didn't swing their way."  A Damaged Republican Brand, A Fired-Up GOP Base  The question for Republicans is whether they can capitalize on this. The Republican base is fired up and ready to go, just like the Democrats were last year.   But the Republican brand is still damaged: Less than 25 percent of voters identify themselves as Republicans, says former Rep. Tom Davis, who used to lead the party's congressional campaign committee.    "The other thing you have to remember — and this is going to apply to the midterms as much as anything else: Voters aren't putting Republicans back in power, they're just putting a check on Obama," he says. "They've already rendered their verdict on Republicans: They don't like them. Any gains the Republicans make aren't because the Republicans have changed. It's just because maybe voters feel maybe the Democrats have gone too far, and they want to send them a message."  Republicans learned other lessons Tuesday evening. In Virginia, Cook says, where Bob McDonnell won the governor's race, they may have found a model for how committed social conservatives can win in swing states.   "They nominated a conservative — a staunch conservative — but one who projected a very moderate, mainstream, nonthreatening image and stylistically [is] a moderate," Cook says.  Going Against The President's Agenda?  For the White House, there's a danger in the way the results could be interpreted, particularly by Democrats in Congress from districts carried by John McCain or George Bush. They could get spooked and be even less willing to stick with the president's agenda.   Pollster Joel Benenson, who is a member of the president's political team, says that would be a mistake.      "Every race is unique. That's the caveat I would give to candidates in competitive districts is, 'Don't think that what happened in New Jersey has anything to do with your congressional district in Michigan. It doesn't,' " he says. "I think you have to be in touch with what kind of change people wanted economically when it comes to issues like health care, energy or reform. And I think that you could misread and misinterpret these results far too easily."  But Cook predicts that Obama's job keeping his own party united behind him will get a little bit harder now.   "If I were a Democratic member of Congress, I would either listen to my heart or my pollster, but not so much President Obama," he says.  And that's a thought that has to worry the White House the day after the off-year elections.  MICHELE NORRIS, host:  From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Michele Norris.  ROBERT SIEGEL, host:  And I'm Robert Siegel.  President BARACK OBAMA: Change has come to America.  (Soundbite of cheering)  SIEGEL: That was one year ago today. Barack Obama made history, in part, by changing the electorate. He brought in millions of new voters.  NORRIS: One year later, the


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Question: Peruvians Find Great Divide in Election

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As Peruvians cast their ballots for the presidential election, Lourdes Garcia-Navarro talks to residents of two different parts of Lima, and finds that the rich and the poor have very different visions of the leadership that they want for Peru.

Stories: 1) A Mass Grave In Afghanistan Raises Questions 2) In Ederle Bio, A Channel-Crosser's Defiant Spirit 3) With 'Wilco', Wilco Shows Its Earnest Side


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Question: Listener Limerick Challenge

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Polly want a censor?; the best thing to happen to tooth care since gels; In California two environmental efforts cancel each other out.

Fan Fare, The History of Rookwood Pottery, More Fun Than Bowling, Sugarcane Academy, Brasilia, Eclipse: Twilight, Book 3


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Question: In This Week's Edition Of

In this week's edition of Coming to Terms, Miles Hoffman and Martin take on a big subject, one of the biggest instruments in the orchestra, the double bass. Miles explains why it's called that, and demonstrates what it sounds like, in chamber music and in the symphony orchestra.

Public Financing of Political Campaigns, The Legend of St. Nicholas, Field Notes: Gorillas, Focus on Technology, Gluten-Free Living, The Big Screen: Forever


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Question: 'Hard, Dirty Job': Cities Struggle To Clear Garbage Glut In Stay-At-Home World

From empty pizza boxes to Amazon cartons, household trash cans are overflowing with the refuse of our new, stay-at-home era — and cities are struggling to keep up. Residential trash volume spiked as much as 25% this spring, according to the trade group Solid Waste Association of North America. It has shrunk a bit since then but remains well above pre-pandemic levels. For garbage collectors, that means longer workdays and more trips to the dump. "The biggest thing is everybody being home from work and home from school," said Yogi Miller, who collects residential garbage in northeastern Ohio. "More people means more trash. It's as easy as that." Demetrius Tart used to collect between 17 and 18 tons of trash each day along his route in Alpharetta, Ga. Now it's more like 22 tons a day. "The cans are overfilled," Tart said. "The bags are not tied up. You've got to get out and clean it up sometimes when it hits the ground." Tart's trash truck is equipped with a robot arm to lift the cans, but he can't always keep a healthy distance from the garbage. He worries some of the extra trash he's handling might carry traces of the coronavirus. "It's scary," Tart said. "I hate that I have to get out and touch stuff that I shouldn't even have to touch. That's the biggest fear in my job — is taking something home to my family." The coronavirus pandemic has disrupted all kinds of supply chains, including the one that leads to the landfill. Some sanitation workers have gotten sick or had to quarantine because of sick co-workers. Baltimore has faced a severe shortage of trash collectors in recent months. And it's not easy to find replacements. "It is just a hard, dirty job," said Baltimore's acting public works director, Matthew Garbark. "It is quite common for someone to walk off the job within a day or two, because they just don't realize how hard the work is." While residential trash bins are overflowing, dumpsters sit empty outside vacant office buildings and hotels. But the commercial trucks that ordinarily empty those dumpsters are not easily reassigned to residential neighborhoods. "We have very narrow streets and alleys," Garbark said. "We actually use a specially designed trash truck that can fit in the narrow alleys. The contractors don't have that." Baltimore temporarily halted curbside recycling this month so short-handed crews could concentrate on trash pickup. Residents were encouraged to use new drop-off centers for recycling and not just dump their old cans and newspapers in the trash. "We have seen a whole lot of neighbors organize themselves to actually take collections to these centers," Garbark said. "Everyone has to work together, because we can't get through this alone." Nashville, Tenn., is also making adjustments to deal with a surge in residential trash. The city plans to start collecting five days a week instead of four. "It will be shorter days, shorter routes and much more manageable," said Assistant Public Works Director Sharon Smith. "Particularly if the changes we've seen with people working from home continues on into the future." When trash collection is overwhelmed, garbage piles up in the street, drawing rats, flies and lots of complaints from residents. "They don't realize how much they need us until something happens where their trash doesn't get picked up," said Miller, the Ohio trash collector. "They want to put it out in the morning. And when they come home in the afternoon, they want it to be gone. That's what I want when I put my trash out." If there's a silver lining to the garbage glut, it may be the newfound appreciation for a group of front-line workers who were often invisible in the past. "So many people are working from home," said David Biderman, the solid waste association's executive director. "They see the truck come down the street every day. And they see the men pick up the stuff and put it in the back of the truck. Today is garbage day in my neighborhood, and my neighbor has a sign on her garbage can thanking the sanitation workers." Tart has seen similar signs on his route in Georgia, along with a child's thank-you note, drawn in crayon and attached to the top of a trash can. "Sanitation," Tart said. "The world would stop if we stop picking up."

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Good morning, here are our early stories: No Peace:Bomb Rips Apart Bus in Tel Aviv; Israel Continues Strikes In Gaza.  India Executes Mumbai Attack Gunman.  And here are more headlines: Busiest Travel Day Of The Year: Weather, Strikes Make Headaches For Thanksgiving Air Passengers. (ABC) Severe Weather Pummels Northwest, Drenches Seattle Area. (Los Angeles Times) Congolese Rebels Solidify Control Of Eastern Provincial Capital, As Civil War Fear Grows. (CBC) Egyptian Protesters Firebomb Al Jazeera Office In Cairo, Attack Police Station. (AP) Investigators Removed From Ireland Panel Examining Death Of Ailing Woman Whose Abortion Request Was Rejected. (Irish Times) Fiery, Deadly Indiana Home Explosion Now A Homicide Investigation. (AP) Mediated Talks Fail Between Hostess, Union - Hostess To Liquidate Assets. (Bloomberg) Volcano Filmed In 'Lord Of The Rings' As 'Mordor' Begins To Erupt. (Phys.Org)


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Question: Feds Reject Barstow Casino Plan

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Another big blow was struck late last week against the embattled plan for tribal gambling in the desert city of Barstow, as federal officials rejected the land applications of two out-of-the area tribes.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of the Interior rejected requests from both the Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians and the [...]

San Diego County Sues to Overturn Legal Marijuana. High School Exit Exam Settlement. End Music.