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Question: Exploring language & literature : a practical guide to AS and A-level English language and literature

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SECTION I: AS-LEVEL: LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS OF LITERARY AND LINGUISTIC STUDY 1. Language Production and Practical Writing 2. Poetic Study 3. The Language of Prose 4. The Study of Speech SECTION II: A2-LEVEL: DEVELOPING AND EXTENDING YOUR SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE 5. Comparative Literary Studies 6. Texts and Audience: Dramatic Study 7. Adaptation of Texts for an Audience 8. Language in Context SECTION III: PREPARING FOR ASSESSMENT 9. Revising Set Texts 10. Handling Unseen Texts 11. The Chief Examiner's Perspective: Helping You to Succeed Literary and Linguistic Toolkit

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A guide to research methods in psychology and library based help with research assignments for the PSY 150 course at Central Carolina Community College.


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Question: Negative identity priming is contingent on stimulus repetition.

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Five experiments demonstrate that negative identity priming is contingent on stimulus repetition. In ignored repetition conditions, priming was initially positive and became negative as the number of repetitions increased. Moreover, it was repetition as a target, not as a distractor, that was critical for negative priming. The effects of repetition were general: They were found with both naming and same-different paradigms, verbal and pictorial material, familiar and unfamiliar stimuli, and vocal and manual responses. Findings support an activation-based model of negative priming (G. B. Malley & D. L. Strayer, 1995) and are problematic for the episodic retrieval model of negative priming (W. T. Neill & L. A. Valdes, 1992). Finally, the experiments did not replicate B. DeSchepper and A. Treisman's (1996) reported negative priming with nonrepeated novel shapes.

Attending to a location shortens the perceptual latency of stimuli appearing at this location (perceptual latency priming). According to attentional explanations, perceptual latency priming relies on the speeded transfer of attended visual information into an internal model. However, doubts about the attentional origin have repeatedly been raised because efforts to minimize response bias have been insufficient in most studies. Five experiments investigated the contribution of a response bias to perceptual latency priming (judgment bias due to the two-alternative forced-choice method and due to the existence of the prime, criterion effects or second-order bias, sensorimotor priming). If any, only small response biases were found. The results thus support the attentional explanation.


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The query could be '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!', 'A thick photoresist process for open-channel sensing packaging applications by JSR THB-151N negative UV photoresist']' and should be close to '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'In this study, a novel packaging structure for open-channel sensor was successfully demonstrated by using the sacrifice-replacement method. This method was patterned JSR THB-151N photoresist to fabricate an open space to contact medium. The sacrificial-barriers of 75 and 150 mum thickness have been fabricated with good reproducibility by using single and double coating processes. Optimized fabrication parameters were achieved straight and nearly vertical sidewall profiles. In addition, after the encapsulation process, JSR photoresist has been stripped clearly and easily without residues in stripper solutions. Finally, the sensing channel was reserved in packaging body resulting from sacrifice-replacement approach.']' but very far from '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Reactive silver ink (RSI) forms low-resistivity ( 3 COO on HT Ag Paste, dissolution of AgCH 3 COO from RSI, and LT Ag Paste remains relatively unchanged throughout 2936 h of exposure to diluted acetic acid.']'

Question: A study for the development of K-sound based automatic blood pressure device using PVDF film

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Traditional indirect standard measurement of blood pressure is based on hearing Korotkoff sounds to determine systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the problem exists among different types of automatic blood pressure monitoring devices because of no standard algorithm for estimating accurate blood pressure values. Aim of the study was to develop an automatic blood pressure measurement device based on Korotkoff sounds. PVDF(poliyvinylidene fluoride) film was used as a contact microphone to detect Korotkoff sounds on the brachial artery, and pressure sensor was used to obtain cuff pressure. With those two variables, an algorithm to determine systolic and diastolic blood pressure was established. Correlation coefficients between auscultatory method and developed device were 0.977 and 0.968 for systolic and diastolic, respectively. Validation results based on the international protocol shows 95% and 91.6% of accuracies.

Describes the design and operation of a simple high-resolution differential thermal analysis unit.


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Question: Investigation of the size-effect in cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles using photoacoustic spectroscopy

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For instance, <<['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The changes in apolipoproteins on cholestyramine therapy associated with cholesterol feeding were compared to those observed in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Only one molecular species of apo B, identified as apo B-100, was present whatever the dietary or pharmacological treatment indicating the hepatic origin of apo B-containing lipoproteins in these conditions. Cholestyramine has a clear preventive effect on the rise of apo B and apo E which appear following cholesterol feeding. These changes are highly correlated with those of the plasma cholesterol level. In addition, cholestyramine induced a 50% increase in apo AI compared with normal rabbits. These data strongly confirm the beneficial effects of cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.']>>  to <<['Represent', 'The effect of cholestyramine on apolipoproteins in cholesterol-fed rabbits.']>>

In this study the photoacoustic signal of cobalt-ferrite based particles has been investigated near the semiconductor band-edge and in the very small-size limit. In these limits we find that the photoacoustic signal scales with both the zero- and the three-dimensional density of states. In addition, we find that the relative contribution to the photoacoustic signal, due to the zero-dimension-like nanoparticles, decreases linearly with the increasing average nanoparticle size. From this linear behavior we estimate the electron-hole pair size in cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles around 1.6 nm.

Abstract We report helicon plasma-enhanced, chemical vapor deposition (helicon-PECVD) of iron (Fe) nanoparticles onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with ferrocene as an iron source. Ferrocene was evaporated from the bubbler by heating, and the helicon plasma treatment was performed with the evaporated ferrocene and hydrogen gas at (−)DC bias voltage. The resulting MWCNT/Fe nanoparticle hybrids were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry.


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Question: Prospects of using caissonless water-wedge ship lifts

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1. ::: ::: Caissonless water-wedge lifts are an effective type of navigation structure for overcoming large differences of head. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: Research and development are proving that the construction of large (300×22×5.0 m) water-wedge lifts are technically feasible.

This paper presents two successful application methods. They include the method of high pressure rotating shotwater for rectification of skew, and the method of sophisticated grouting involved high pressure rotating shotcrete and pressure grouting. These methods play a significant role in dealing with the consolidation and rectification of building.


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Question: Study of the Catalytic Hydration with Cation Exchange Resin to Terpineol

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Experiments were carried out on the hydration of terpene for one step, synthesizing terpineol by using certain super acid cation exchange resin as major catalyst. The influence factors on the yield of terpineol were investigated, and the results show that the order of their influence is reaction temperature the amount of catalystsreaction time reactant ratio, with the optimum condition of reaction temperature(65±2)℃,the amount of catalysts 30～40 g, the mole ratio of terpene and water 1∶3 ,and reaction time 6~8 h.Under this condition ,the yield was 51.2%.This synthetic method has many advantages such as short reaction time,high yield of terpineol,simple post treatment,lower production cost,no corrosion to equipment and no industrial pollution.

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Automated Membrane ::: Reactors for the Early Process Development of Enzyme Promoted ::: Bioconversion


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Question: An ASIC-archit ect ure for VLSI-implement at ion of the RBN-algorithm.

The number of document compression algorithms is increasing due to the expanded information exchange in our society and due to the increasing quality demands for color documents. For these purposes high quality and complex compression algorithms are needed, to keep the memory size and/or channel capacity within realistic bounds. In addition, these algorithms must be executed within a certain time specification, in order to reduce the user wait times. As a consequence, due to this high data throughput and the large amount of operations to be performed, the implementation will only be feasible using an Application Specific IC-design . In this paper, an optimized RBN-algorithm for coding true color documents will be presented. An efficient VLSI-architecture, based on a lowly multiplexed co-operating data-path style, is introduced. The architectural design process has been mostly manual with use of some newly developed CAD-tools from the CATHEDRAL synthesis environment.

32-bit BUS Abstract- Energy consumption isone ofthemostcritical constraints inthecurrent VLSIsystem designs. Inaddition, fault tolerance ofVLSIsystems isalso oneofthemostimportant re- Processor L ECC/ ECGCLow (SimpleSalar Power EDC EDC Power M m (ipScar Encoder!Encoder! Encoder!Encoder!/ em quirements inthecurrentshrunkVLSI technologies. Thispaper Architecture)Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder presents lowpowerandfault tolerant busencoding methods considering coupling effects ofbusinterconnects. Experiments using SPEC2000benchmark programs showthattheproposed Aredundant bitExtra code bitAredundant bit methodscaneffectively reducesignal transitions withfault tolerance. Moreover, theresults showthattheoptimization ofbus Fig1 Thearchitecture whichexploits thecombination ofECC.EDC code interconnects pitch canincrease theeffectiveness oftheencodingandlowpower code method. I.INTRODUCTION


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Question: Clinical Value of Prenatal Ultrasonic in Screening Fetal Malformation in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy

Objective To explore the clinical value of prenatal ultrasonic in screening fetal malformation in the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods 145 pregnant women whose gestational age scope was 20~24 weeks were diagnosed as fetal malformations by prenatal ultrasonic examinations and confirmed as fetal malformations by labor induction or postpartum results from January 2009 to September 2012 in our hospital. The clinical data of these women were analyzed to classify fetal malformations and summarize the influence factors of fetal malformations. Results There is no correlation between fetal malformations and inhabitancy areas of pregnant women while fetal malformations would more likely to be occurred in pregnant women whose ages are above 35 years old. Conclusion Prenatal ultrasonic plays an important role in screening fetal malformation in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


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Question: Smearing of induced ferroelectric transition and easy imprinting of different polarization configurations in relaxor ferroelectric (Na1/2Bi1/2)1−xBaxTiO3

(Na1/2Bi1/2)1−xBaxTiO3 ferroelectrics behave as relaxors for 0.055 < x < 0.10. Inside this region, we found peculiar features distinguishing samples with compositions x = 0.070-0.075, from others near the border: (a) smeared electric-field-induced ferroelectric-relaxor transition indicating a gradual transformation of ferroelectric domains in nanodomains; (b) easy imprinting by poling of different polarization configurations. This is consistent with former studies evidencing an almost exclusive formation of polarization along the poling electric field direction.

ABSTRACTPolycrystalline samples of Ba0.96Ca0.04TiO3 (BCT) and Ba0.96Ca0.04Ti0.96Mn0.04O3 (BCMT) were synthesized using the solid-state reaction route. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of the tet...


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Question: The Current Situation and Prediction of the Environmental Air Quality in the Urban Center of Baoshan City

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Based on the monitoring data of the environmental air quality from 2006 to 2010 in the urban center of Baoshan City,the prediction model of the Grey Theory GM(1,1) is established for the environmental air quality forecast.The prediction accuracy of this model is eligible or better.From the prediction data from 2011 to 2015,the dust pollution would get serious,and the dust would be a major pollutant influencing the grading of the urban air quality.

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Outlook of Agricultural Development to 2050 and the Demand for Science and Technology.- Roadmap and Goals of Agricultural Science and Technology in China.- Roadmap of Plant Germplasm Resources and Modern Plant Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Animal Germplasm Resources and Modern Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Resource Saving Agricultural Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Production and Food Safety Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Modernization and Intelligentization Science and Technology Development.- The Institutions and Policy Support for Agricultural Science and Technology Development in the Future.


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Question: Application of TRIZ Theory in Optimal Design for Automated Guided Vehicle

TRIZ theory( Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) is used to provide the methods of solving the problem and the direction of structural innovation for the product design. Based on analyzing the characteristic of the automatic guide vehicle,and according to the contradiction matrix and invention principles,the optimal design strategies are proposed to impove its moving stability,turning reliability and installation precision of the gears and reduce its energy- consumption. On the other hand,the material- field modeling is introduced in this paper,it is used to improve the precision of its guide wheel.

Need for Condition Monitoring and Maintenance Management in Industries. Cost Effective Benefits of Condition Monitoring. Condition Monitoring Techniques. Machinery Fault Diagnosis. Vibration Condition Monitoring. Condition Monitoring of Gear Systems. Condition Monitoring of Hydraulic Systems. Condition Monitoring of Pneumatic Systems. Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machinery. Condition Monitoring of Turbomachinery. Wear and Oil Debris Monitoring. Artificial Neural Networks in Condition Monitoring. Infrared Thermography in Condition Monitoring. Expert Systems in Condition Monitoring. Corrosion Monitoring. Environmental Monitoring - Legal Aspects. Cost Effective Benefits of Maintenance. Reliability Centred Maintenance. Total Productive Maintenance. Modern Maintenance Management Techniques.


Question:
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The provided query could be '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Childhood']' and the positive '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'While existing knowledge does not enable us to prevent ADHD, there is much that can be done to improve the lives of children with this disorder. These preventive interventions are directed toward modifying the environment around these children to enhance their ability to function successfully as well as to strengthen the child’s ability to cope with this disorder and avoid long-term problematic outcomes.']' and the negative '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Keywords: ::: ::: Anxiety; ::: Alternative and complementary medicine; ::: Relaxation; ::: Biofeedback; ::: Meditation; ::: Exercise; ::: Herbal remedies']'

Question: Palliative intensity modulated radiation therapy for symptomatic adrenal metastasis.

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Metastasis to the adrenal glands is quite common; especially from melanomas, breast, lung, renal and gastro-intestinal tumours. The most common tumour found in the adrenals in post mortem series is a metastatic tumour; incidence ranging from 13 to 27%. The diagnosis of adrenal metastasis is now more common and easier due to staging and subsequent follow up with Computed tomography /Magnetic resonance imaging and or positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging studies. Most of the times these metastatic lesions are clinically occult and those that do have clinical symptoms complain of pain, nausea, vomiting and early satiety. We irradiated a patient of non small cell lung cancer with adrenal metastasis with palliative Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy and achieved a good response in terms of pain relief, stable disease and no side effects of the treatment.

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Abstract Approximately 1 to 3 per cent of patients presenting with metastatic renal cell carcinoma will have a solitary metastatic lesion. An unusual case of solitary metastasis is described. Treatment consisted of nephrectomy and radiation therapy to the pericardium.


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Question: Hand-off management algorithms for urban and sub-urban environments under realistic vehicle mobility conditions

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User speed estimation can be exploited to improve the teletraffic performance in a mobile radio environment with multi-tier coverage. Many algorithms exploit the dwell time estimation to classify the users' speed and assign them to the right hierarchical layer. Most of them assume a constant user speed for the entire call. Thus, they loose their effectiveness in environments in which the mobile speed changes during the call. A new effective scheme for channel allocation and handoff management, based on the concept of bonus time, is proposed in this paper. Sophisticated simulative tools showed that the new scheme performs better, compared to the traditional ones, under a wide range of load distributions and vehicle traffic conditions both in urban and sub-urban environments.

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Low cost UAVs are becoming more and more popular in both research and practical applications, and it leads to a new, potentially significant service product known as UAV-based personal remote sensing (PRS). Multi-UAV system with advanced cooperative control algorithms has advantages over single UAV system, especially in time urgent tasks such as detecting nuclear radiation before deploying the salvage. This paper considers two scenarios for nuclear radiation detection using multiple UAVs, of which contour mapping of the nuclear radiation is simulated. Then, for real applications, this paper presents a low-cost UAV platform with built-in formation flight control architecture together with a formulated standard flight test routine. Three experimental formation flight scenarios that imitate the nuclear detection missions are prepared for contour mapping of nuclear radiation field in 3D space.


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Question: Archiving and Document Management at Taibah University: A Case Study

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Archiving and digital document management in educational institutions are not amply studied despite the active use of technologies for these purposes. In this research, a qualitative descriptive case study has been conducted to examine how digital archiving and document management are organised at Taibah University to address the needs of researchers, professors, administrators and students as well as to guarantee secure storage of and access to data. The selection of the case study design has allowed for in-depth analyses of the strategy for managing and archiving data in the selected institution. The interpretation of data with reference to the previously formulated propositions have indicated that Taibah University follows a certain strategy for managing electronic documents, but they do not use a unique data management system. Furthermore, archiving is applied only to a limited number of documents and security of stored data is guaranteed according to the University’s policies.

A Helping Hand for Arts, Drama,Music And Film Students! General Tools and Research Information


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Question: Location competition in an Alonso–Mills–Muth city

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The purpose of this paper is to explain the decentralization process of an urban spatial structure in terms of the strategic interactions between firms. For that purpose, we expand the Hotelling model of a linear city to incorporate two aspects of the urban spatial structure, namely, the variation in land rent over space and the endogenous determination of city limits, both of which play important roles in the standard Alonso–Mills–Muth model. Our analysis reveals, among others, that decentralization occurs in a city when commuting costs decline more rapidly than shopping travel costs.

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In this note we introduce the notion of K-player additive exten sion of a symmetric two-player game and prove a resuit relating the equilibria in mixed stratEgies in the two games. Then we apply the resuit to the Borda Electoral compEtition game.


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Question: [The heat denaturation of bacterial ribonuclease studied by infrared spectroscopy].

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Using the PCR technique, the presence of the seven genotypic virulence markers of Campylobacter has been tested. It was found that all C. coli (92 strains) and C. jejuni (105 strains) possessed the flaA and cadF markers. Several strains were positive for the CDT toxin genes (76.6%, 85.3%, and 83.2% strains with the A, B, and C cdt gene variants, respectively). On the other hand, only 66.0% and 20.8% isolates had the iam and virB genes.']" should be close to "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'IDENTIFICATION OF VIRULENCE GENES IN CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND C. COLI ISOLATES BY PCR']"

The thermal denaturation of bacterial ribonuclease in the interval of pH 2.5-7.0 has been investigated by means of infra-red spectroscopy method. The protein melting for pH 2.5 begins at the temperature 25 degrees C and is accompanied by secondary protein structure reconstruction, partially destroying native beta-structure and leading to new denatured conformation appearance of different types of beta-turns. Spectral changes for pH 3.5 and 7.0 are significantly less in the same frequency areas. At the temperature more than 50 degrees C protein aggregation takes place with inter-molecule-beta-form formation.

Photochemical behavior of platinum(II) sulfoxide-containing complexes in methyl chloride was studied by polarimetry and 1H NMR spectroscopy.


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Question: Two measures taken in boiler aiming at decrease in coal quality

In view of the short coal supply for power generation and the severe decrease in coal quality at present,a reconstruction was conducted on the boiler burner and the low-temperature heating surface of some power plant.In the reconstruction of the burner,the thick-phase coal-air mass ratio was raised and the jet flow velocity of thick and thin phase nozzles reduced;the thick thin separation technique was adopted to improve the boiler combustion stability at low load.In the anti-attrition transformation of the boiler low-temperature heating surface,uniform flow orifice was mounted on the rear flue to reduce local flue gas velocity and control the even distribution of fly ash.Test results show that the reconstruction counteracts the impact of poor coal quality to some extent and is conducive to the economic operation of the boiler.

The shortcomings of the roller hearth furnace for CSP under varied production conditions are discussed, and measures of raising the combustion air temperature to improve the heating procedures are proposed in this article.


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Question: Vision system and flexible robot hand for cloth handling robot system

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Flexible objects such as clothes are hard to be handled by robots. But the working conditions for laundry factories are severe because of dusts, heats and steams. To automate these factories, 3D vision systems are dispensable to recognize the 3D shape of flexible clothes. Here, 3D robot vision systems with stereo cameras and a pattern projector have been introduced to apply the cloth handlings, and a cloth handling robot system has been developed. In this paper, the 3D robot vision systems and the cloth handling robot system with a flexible robot hand has been introduced.

This article describes the basic structure and performance of miniature robots which incorporate micro-tools and microprobes to produce micro-devices such as LSI materials. In the experiment, typical results at the microscopic level, such as fine grating and micro indenting, are demonstrated. It is suggested that a strategy of combining aspects in a centralized and distributed manner might be useful to increase both productivity and flexibility in manufacturing. The architecture, based on a production process including capability recognition, initial planning, grouping, and dispatching to the working area, is described to control multiple miniature robots under graphical simulation for the desktop precise flexible micro manufacturing system.


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Question: Determination of tissue type surrounding a needle tip by electrical bioimpedance

A novel method for determining needle position based on local tissue impedance and electrode polarization data, is presented. Measurements of electrical impedance in a small volume around a needle tip can aid in determining if the needle is in the desired tissue. There are many possible applications for this technique, such as needle positioning when administrating drugs in blood vessels or muscle tissue, for epidural analgesia or needle EMG exams.

The authors have developed a new in-vivo spectroscopic imaging system (IVIS) for real-time biomedical applications. IVIS visualization produces images that are acquired non-invasively during clinical procedures. This paper describes data collected from tissue to determine the efficacy of this type of hyperspectral imaging modality for measuring changes in the spatial distribution of regional tissue oxygenation during vascular occlusion and reperfusion.


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Question: On the performance of spectrum sharing systems over α-µ fading channel for non-identical µ parameter

Spectrum sharing is a promising approach in cognitive radio networks to improve the spectrum utilization of wireless communication systems. In this paper, we analyze the performance of spectrum sharing systems under the peak interference power constraint for a general fading model, namely the α-μ fading channel. In particular, we derive expressions for statistical characteristics such as probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio for dissimilar fading parameter μ. Using these statistics, we obtain the closed-form expressions for outage probability, amount of fading and approximate ergodic capacity for the considered spectrum sharing system. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to verify the analytical results.

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The average symbol error rate (SER) of triple hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in exponentially correlated Nakagami-m fading is obtained when the fading parameter m is a positive integer.


Question:
represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about
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The query could be '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Friction Reduction Properties of Evaporation Coated Petroleum and Silicone Oil Lubricants']' and should be close to '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'As the size of mechanical components decreases, capillary forces and surface tension become increasingly significant. A major problem in maintaining high reliability of these small components is that of large frictional forces due to capillary action and surface tension. Unlike the situation with macro-scale systems, liquid lubrication cannot be used to reduce friction of micro-scale components because of the excessive capillary and drag forces. In this work, the feasibility of using evaporation to coat a thin film of organic lubricant on a solid surface was investigated with the aim of reducing friction. Petroleum and silicone oils were used as lubricants to coat a silicon substrate. It was found that friction could be significantly reduced and, furthermore, that the effectiveness of this method was strongly dependent on the coating conditions.']' but very far from '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Biomaterials * Optical Components * Construction Materials * Nuclear Waste Containment * Ceramic Superconductors * Archeologically Significant Articles.']'

Question: A New Variation on the "Idea That History is Made by Heroes"

Since the birth of Marxism, the idealist "idea that history is made by heroes" has encountered ceaseless criticisms, so that its market has become smaller and smaller. However, with the intensification of class struggle and the increasing penetration of Marxism into people's minds, the enemies of Marxism have also continuously changed their tactics and sold by new means their reactionary "idea that history is made by heroes." An example is the argument that "heroes and slaves jointly make history" put forward by swindlers like Liu Shao-ch'i. On the surface, they recognize that "slaves" make history, but at the same time, they assert that heroes create history. Their argument appeared to be quite "comprehensive," representing a new "development." But, what exactly is the fact? Is the argument of "joint creation" a "development" of the materialist idea of history or just a variation of the long bankrupt idealist "idea that history is made by heroes"?

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Introduction Innocence Lost Family Matters In the Gym and Boardroom Higher Learning Coming to America Something Old, Something New Bibliography Index


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Question: The "eleventh five-year plan" urban air quality variation characteristics and control effects in Ningxia

The changing characteristics of air quality and its driving force in Ningxia are analyzed during the eleventh five-year plan.The result shows: the total emissions of sulfur dioxide is the direct reason of improvement of city air quality,energy consumption growth is not synchronized with the economic development,energy consumption reduced significantly,which is another reason of improving air quality.During the eleventh five-year,sulfur dioxide emissions achieved remarkably.Therefore,effective environmental policies can control pollution,promote environmental quality,promote strategic adjustment of energy structure and achieve win-win of economic and environmental.

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Forest fire prevention, monitoring and scheduling coordination every hour and moment fighting command cannot leave the communication system. In this paper, through the four aspects respectively introduces the communication system of forest fire prevention situation of Tianjin city, Tianjin city communication system of forest fire prevention problems, improvement of Tianjin city communications for forest fire prevention system construction significance and improvement of Tianjin city communications for forest fire prevention system construction goal and the guarantee measures.


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Question: Good Practices and Recommendations for Fannish Archivists

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This presentation was given at the 2013 Eaton Science Fiction Conference in Riverside, CA. It is, I believe, the first on this subject to be given at an academic conference, and was expanded into an article for the "Eaton Journal of Archival Research In Science Fiction". It is a pioneering article on the subject of archiving fanworks.

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This presentation was part of the session : Partnerships to Enhance Continuing Engineering Education Curriculum and Quality


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Question: Design of Frequency Synthesizes Source Based on DDS Technology

It is a kind of important frequency synthetic technology that the direct figure is formatted(DDS),adopt the signal that this technology produces,the conversion speed of frequency is fast,the resolution ratio of frequency is high,frequency is steady degree is high,the phase varies in succession,the phase noise is low,the integrated easy,easy to control and the cost performance is low,etc.It can used in various kinds of to signal performance occasion that index expect much of frequency.This text has introduced the basic principle of high-performance DDS chip AD9858 and structure characteristic in detail,have described that utilizes this chip to make up the whole course of the frequency source as the key chip,including design principle, hardware circuit and main flow chart of software design.

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Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: The Hawthorn Moth Scythropia crataegella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) is probably fairly common in Mariehamn, Åland Islands, Finland

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In Finland, the Hawthorn Moth Scythropia crataegella (Linnaeus, 1767) was previously known in very few localities in the Aland Islands and one in Ab: Turku. It is strictly protected according to the nature conservancy law of the Aland Islands and regarded as endangered in Finland. In this study, Scythropia crataegella was observed in ten localities in the town of Mariehamn in the Aland Islands in 2010– 2012. The larvae fed on three Cotoneaster species and in one place on hawthorn (Crataegus spp.). The species is bivoltine in Mariehamn as larvae were observed in May–June and August and adults in June–July and August–September. The infestations were weak inmany localities, probably due to shearing of the hedges. As only some of all hedges in Mariehamn were searched for S. crataegella in 2011 and 2012, and it was found in several of them, the species is probably fairly common there.

The Purple Sandpiper is breeding along arctic coasts and in alpine areas at the border of permanent snow in N Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Jan Mayen, the Faeroes, Scotland, Scandinavia, Svalbard, Bear Island, Novaya Zemlya, Franz Jozephland, Taymyr and Severnaya Zemlya (Fig. 62). It is replaced by the Rock Sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis in the Bering Sea region.


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Question: Influence of centrifugation on the infectivity of Chlamydia pneumoniae IOL-207.

The influence of centrifugation on the infectivity of Chlamydia pneumoniae IOL-207 was compared with seven serovars of C. trachomatis biovar trachoma, the three serovars of C. trachomatis biovar lymphogranuloma and four C. psittaci strains. Prolonged centrifugation from 1 to 4 hours resulted in a 3-fold increase in the infectivity of C. pneumoniae and variable or no increase in the infectivity of the other Chlamydia strains studied. These findings indicate that a 4 hour centrifugation of C. pneumoniae is recommended to improve the isolation procedures of this organism in cell cultures.

An agglutinating monoclonal antibody (MAb S2) specific for a 55,000-molecular-weight surface protein of Mycoplasma synoviae was developed by fusion of spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice with P3X63 Ag8.653 myeloma cells. Immunogold labeling experiments confirmed the cell surface location of the MAb-recognized antigen. MAb S2-coated Staphylococcus aureus was used in a rapid slide coagglutination assay. Eleven M. synoviae strains, including the type strain WVU 1853, coagglutinated with MAb-coated S. aureus, but five M. gallisepticum strains (PG31, S6, R, F, and A5969) did not.


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Question: Color Gamut Scalable Video Coding For SHVC

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The HEVC extension for Scalable Video Coding (SHVC) is currently under definition. Color Gamut Scalability (CGS) has been identified as one MPEG requirement. This paper discuss what could be the stake of CGS in the context of video distribution. Two CGS models are presented: one simple scheme based on Gain-Offset transformation, and one based on 3D color LUT, more generic. A comparison of their performances and respective advantages is carried out using different test contents trying to address realistic use cases.

These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


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Question: A Study to find out the Prevalence of Hypothyroidism among Pregnant Women Visiting ESI Hospital Sanathnagar Hyderabad

Aim: To study the prevalence of hypothyroidism in low income, urban pregnant women. ::: Study design: This is a retrospective study that includes 1062 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at ESI hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. Thyroid profile is being done as a routine test along with other antenatal profile tests in our hospital. Thyroid profile test includes serum T3, serum T4 and serum TSH. Hospital Ethics committee permission was granted for the study. ::: Results: A total of 1062 pregnant women were enrolled for this study. Results showed 20.1% prevalence of hypothyroidism of which 14.9% being subclinical hypothyroidism and 6.6% overt hypothyroidism. ::: Conclusion: The study shows a very high prevalence rate of hypothyroidism in the patients attending the antenatal outpatient department at ESI hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. This justifies the inclusion of thyroid profile test as a routine test in the antenatal profile.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title
Given ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'In this paper we study the flow dynamics governed by the primitive equations in the small viscosity regime. We consider an initial setup consisting on two dipolar structures interacting with a no slip boundary at the bottom of the domain. The generated boundary layer is analyzed in terms of the complex singularities of the horizontal pressure gradient and of the vorticity generated at the boundary. The presence of complex singularities is correlated with the appearance of secondary recirculation regions. Two viscosity regimes, with different qualitative properties, can be distinguished in the flow dynamics.'], a positive would be ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Numerical study of the primitive equations in the small viscosity regime']

Kittu Jain1, Anshul Bardia2, S Geetha3, Ankit Goel1 1Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India, 2Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, 3Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India


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Question: Managing patients with manifest, subclinical and postsurgical hypothyroidism (literature review)

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:
------
E.g. ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Three cases are here reported from the Mayo Clinic with comments. The pituitary tumor present in each was associated with purulent sphenoiditis in Case 1. chronic simple glaucoma in Case 2, and chronic alcoholism in Case 3. Bitemporal hemianopsia belongs with pituitary tumor and not with such complications. Read at the Colorado Congress of Ophthalmology, Denver, July, 1927.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Ocular Syndrome of Pituitary Tumor Complicated by Extraneous Factors']

The review presents data of the most common complication after hemithyroidectomy — hypothyroidism, as well as postoperative hypothyroidism: its subclinical and manifest forms, incidence, the time of occurrence after the surgery, factors affecting the development of postoperative hypothyroidism, among the main ones — the preoperative level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, the age and presence of antithyroid antibodies. The risks of nodulation in the vicarious part of the thyroid gland after hemithyroidectomy were also analyzed. In general, there was no nodule development in the remaining lobe in the short-term period.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper
To give you a sense - "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'Library is the system of improving the value of document information. The character of improving the value of document information is the essential character of library.']" should be close to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Library is the System of Improving the Value of Document Information']"

Background ::: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical impact and outcome of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery.


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Question: [Serious intoxication with hydroxychloroquine, with haemodynamic instability: a case report supporting treatment with diazepam].

A 37-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room because of an autointoxication with hydroxychloroquine, leading to haemodynamic instability. Treatment consisted of the rapid administration of intravenous diazepam, after which the hypotension recovered rapidly even though no vasoactive medication was given. Treatment with diazepam has been advised in the Netherlands for many years in case of severe hydroxychloroquine intoxication, despite the fact that convincing evidence for its use is lacking. On the basis of the experience with the relevant cases, the administration of diazepam, 2 mg/kg initially followed by 2 mg/kg/24 hours as a continuous infusion, should certainly be considered for supportive treatment in the ICU in case of severe haemodynamic instability.

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and s-blockers are used, combined or individually, in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, and other disorders. However, cardiogenic shock has been reported as a rare complication associated with the combination of verapamil and s-blockers that can be resolved by medical intervention. We describe the case of a 35-year-old woman who developed a fatal cardiogenic shock after an unintentional overdose of verapamil (calcium channel blocker) and atenolol (s-blocker) that was discovered only after autopsy and toxicological analyses.


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Question: Software Industry:Challenges Ahead

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Given ['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'After fixing a non-degenerate bilinear form on a vector space V we define an involution of the manifold of flags F in V by taking a flag to its orthogonal complement. When V is of dimension 3 we check that the Crepant Resolution Conjecture of J. Bryan and T. Graber holds: the genus zero (orbifold) Gromov-Witten potential function of [F / Z_2] agrees (up to unstable terms) with the genus zero Gromov-Witten potential function of a crepant resolution Y of the quotient scheme F / Z_2, after setting a quantum parameter to -1, making a linear change of variables, and analytically continuing coefficients. The crepant resolution Y (a hypersurface in the Hilbert scheme Hilb^2 P^2) is the projectivization of a novel rank 2 vector bundle over P^2.'], a positive would be ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'The Crepant Resolution Conjecture for 3-dimensional flags modulo an involution']

Software Industry: Challenges Ahead SANJIVANI VAZE While appraising the peformance of the software companies that are primarily export-oriented and the challenges faced by these firms (

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How to Think About R&D Quality. Organizing for Quality in R&D. Measuring R&D Quality. Assessing R&D Quality Status. Intellectual Property Management Process Improvement. Implementing Quality in Research: A Case Example. Views and Lessons Learned at the Top. References. Index.


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Question: Multimedia Materials for Teaching Young Children: A Bibliography of Multi-Cultural Resources.

The selected multi-cultural rescurces annotated in this bibliography concentrate on educational materials for teaching young children an appreciation and understanding of differences in others. Included are films, filmstrips, recordings, audiotapes, photographs and study prints, multi-media kits, and some fifty selected books. Some of the materials are intended for parents and teachers, but most are for use with children up through the primary grades. This bibliography should prove particularly useful to educational programs attempting to provide curriculum materials of a pluralistic nature. (CS) U S OEPAMTmENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION II WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO OHCE0 EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM ThE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS Or VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY National Leadership Institute eacher Education/Early Childhood

Review of Developments Educational Computing in Practice Educational Software The Future of Educational Computing.


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Question: Types, type locality and subspecies of the gerenuk Litocranius walleri (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

From what is known about the discovery of the gerenuk Litocranius walleri, the type locality is here restricted to the vicinity of Chisimaio, Somalia. Two discrete subspecies can be recognized. The smaller L. w. walleri occurs in north-east Tanzania, Kenya, southern Somalia and southern Ethiopia. The larger L. w. sclateri is restricted to Djibouti, northern Somalia and adjacent parts of northern Ethiopia and is present in very few protected areas.

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Abstract Since 1996 Late Pliocene ruminants have been excavated from sand deposits exposed along the Aliakmon River valley at Milia (Grevena, Western Macedonia, Greece). The Bovidae include five species: the new large Bovini Grevenobos antiquus , Alephis sp., Bovini indet., Gazella borbonica, and Antilopinae indet., Cervidae are less common and include Croizetoceros ramosus, Praeelaphus cf. lyra and Cervidae indet. The association of Alephis sp., G. borbonica , Cr. ramosus, Homotherium sp., Agriotherium sp., Mammut borsoni, Anancus arvernensis, Tapirus arvernensis arvernensis, Stephanorhinus jeanvireti, Hipparion sp. ( H. crassum group) and Sus arvernensis arvernensis allows us to date this faunal assemblage to the transition between MN 15 and MN 16a. It is the first time that such transitional assemblage is documented in Europe.


Question: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES Exploration of preliminary phytochemical studies of leaves of Murraya paniculata (L.)

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Murraya paniculata Linn. ( Murraya exotica L.) belongs to the family Rutaceae, and is commonly known as orange jasmine and Honeybush. It is distributed over the g reater part of India and the Andaman Islands to an altitude of 1500 m. This study measure different phytochemical constituent in the M. paniculata leaves extract. The extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flovonoids, phe nolic compounds, carbohydrate, proteins & amino acids and; while fixed oil, saponins and mucilage were absent. The present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of M. paniculata leaves and phytochemical exploration could be usef ul in future experimental studies.

The present study discuss about the importance of Hydnocarpus igdhiana for the treatment of Psoriasis and drug development. Sanjeevi’s 777 oil is the combination of Wrightia tinctoria and Hydnocarpus igdhiana which is studied to be superior over single herb based 777 oil. We have employed the acid value analysis, challenge study of the oil to understand its ability to resist rancidity and keratinocyte based assay to establish the effects at cellular level. The clinical data on the efficacy of Sanjeevi’s 777 oil over single herb based 777 oil is also presented in the study. Keywords: Sanjeevi’s 777 oil, Wrightia tinctoria, Hydnocarpus igdhiana, Rancidity, Psoriasis Cite this Article Raghothamaa C.D., Gunasekaran R, Fusiudeen Ahamed, et al. Uniqueness of Sanjeevi’s 777 oil for the management of Psoriasis: Cell culture based study. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2018; 7(1): 1–4p.


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Question: Extreme water levels of the Vistula River and Gdansk Harbour

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Using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), Rozynski et al. (2006) have demonstrated that there is a weak correlation between the water levels of Vistula River and Gdansk Harbour. Herein the CCA analysis serves as a first step for a univariate bootstrap resampling technique, applied to investigate coincident extreme water levels of Vistula River and Gdansk Harbour. The CCA-derived assumption of statistical independence is argued as being a suitable working approximation for (outline) engineering design. This allows the goodness-of-fit of different statistical models to be assessed in a quantitative manner with a bootstrap method. This also provides a convenient means of defining extreme levels together with their confidence intervals. The analysis with two statistical methods provides insight into the character of joint coastal extremes in an estuary of a large north European river. The rationale and methodology are at least partly applicable to similar estuaries of northern Europe.

LANDSLIDE PHENOMENA IN BRZEG UPON THE ODRA RIVER ::: ::: Summary ::: The paper presents the results of study on landslide phenomena active in Brzeg upon Odra, which forms a part of physiographic-geotechnical research project for building industry. The escarpment of Odra river. (Fig. 1) is built of Tertiary clays and Quaternary sands and fluvial gravels variable in thickness. It is shown that although the landslides from Brzeg upon Odra are difficult to trace, particularly in early phases of their development, they may result in serious potential hazard for buildings.


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Question: Waste stabilization ponds treating municipal wastewater

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Based on the operational practice of Dongying Wastewater Treatment Plant, the technological characteristics of the Waste Stabilization Ponds, operation effects and reliability are presented here. The ecological system of Waste Stabilization Ponds is analyzed, and the operation experience is also summarized.

Understanding the effectiveness of aeration mechanisms and ways they can be optimized is important in minimizing odor and phytotoxicity problems in composts produced.


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Question: Chondrosarcoma third metacarpal: Diagnosis and management options

Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of cartilage commonly arising in the pelvis, proximal femur, and humerus, but quite uncommon in the small bones of the hand. Although limited surgical procedures such as curettage are mentioned as a management option in low-grade chondrosarcomas, they tend to have a high rate of recurrences. Hence, wide excision is recommended as a treatment option even in low-grade chondrosarcomas of the hand.

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Examples:

"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:', 'Energy-efficiency remains a critical design consideration for mobile and wearable systems, particularly those operating continuous sensing. Energy footprint of these systems has traditionally been measured using hardware power monitors (such as Monsoon power meter) which tend to provide the most accurate and holistic view of instantaneous power use. Unfortunately applicability of this approach is diminishing due to lack of detachable batteries in modern devices. In this paper, we propose an innovative and novel approach for assessing energy footprint of mobile and wearable systems using thermal imaging. In our approach, an off-the-shelf thermal camera is used to monitor thermal radiation of a device while it is operating an application. We develop the general theory of thermal energy-efficiency, and demonstrate its feasibility through experimental benchmarks where we compare energy estimates obtained through thermal imaging against a hardware power monitor.']" == "["represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about\n\nFor instance you may be given 'Clay Mineral Synthesis—III Rapid Hydrothermal Crystallization of an Aluminian Smectite' and it should match with 'An aluminian smectite with about one Al3+/Si4+ replacement per unit cell was batch- synthesized on a large scale (100-gal autoclave) at 3 00°C and 1240 psig with reaction times of several hours rather than days. This rapid crystallization was related to the use of NH4+ as the charge-balancing cation and to partial F/OH substitution. The short synthesis time prompted a study of continuous crystallization. Either of two techniques, flow through a stirred autoclave and through a multi-staged reactor column, produced crystalline product; neither gave the crystallinity of the batch process.' but not with 'Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.'.", 'Evaluating Energy-Efficiency using Thermal Imaging']"

Urachal carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive tumor that develop in the urachal remnant. Because of its location and its rarity, the diagnosis of UrC is often difficult. Although surgery is the treatment of choice for UrC, with a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis and therefore the treatment of local recurrence and distant metastasis of UrC following surgery has been a challenge. We review the clinical diagnosis and therapy of UrC and factors related to its prognosis. ::: ::: Keywords: Urachal Carcinoma, Urachus, Surgery, Chemotherapy


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Question: Determination of Zinc Pyrithione in Hair Care Products by HPLC-APCI-MS/MS Method

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A method for the determination of zinc pyrithione in hair products has been developed.The shampoo sample was extracted and separated using monolithic reversed-phase silica columns,determined by APCI-MS/MS.The calibration curves of zinc pyrithione showed good linearity in range of 1～200 μg/mL,the detection limit of method was 0.01%.The average recoveries ranged from 92% to 102%.

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■ CONTENTS Analytical Methods of Lipidomics 162 Extraction Methods of Lipids 163 Direct-Infusion MS-Based Lipidomics Analysis 163 Electrospray Ionization (ESI) MS 163 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) MS 164 Other Ionization Techniques Used in Lipidomics Analysis 164 Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) in Lipidomics 165 Chromatography-Based Lipidomics Analysis 165 TLC 166 GC 166 HPLC 166 SFC 167 CE 167 Spectroscopy 167 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 167 Raman Spectroscopy 168 Applications of Lipidomics Analysis in Life Science 168 Lipidomics of Cancers 168 Lipidomics of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) 168 Cellular Lipidomics 168 Plants 168 Conclusions 170 Author Information 170 Corresponding Author 170 Notes 170 Biographies 170 Acknowledgments 171 References 171


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Question: Steady-state performance of a rotating miniature heat pipe

The operating principle of a rotating miniature heat pipe (RMHP) with a grooved inner wall surface is addressed. A mathematical model of the hydrodynamic performance of RMHPs is developed. A simple correlation for the friction coefficient of axial liquid flow including a vapor drag effect is proposed, based on the numerical analysis of two-dimensional laminar liquid now in a groove. With the present model, the maximum performance and optimum liquid fill amount of RMHPs are predicted under various operating conditions. Influences of operating temperature, rotational speed, and liquid-vapor interfacial shear stress on the maximum performance and optimum liquid fill amount are discussed. Pressure drops of the axial liquid flow and vapor flow are demonstrated.

It is reported for the first time that the gas flow in a differentially pumped gasdynamic window can be deviated by varying a local profile of the output element or by changing local parameters of the gas.


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Question: The Research of Paper-Aluminum-Plastic Composite Flexible Packaging Materials

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SEM was used to observe cross section of paper-aluminum-plastic composite flexible packaging materials and analyse the materials structure.The fuction and performance characteristics of original board,aluminum,plastic in composite materials were investigated.the composite process of composite flexible packaging was also studied.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


Question:
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E.g.
'['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Taylor stability of viscous fluids with application to film boiling']' == '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Abstract The dispersion relation is evaluated numerically for Taylor waves in a viscous unstable interface with surface tension. The solution takes account of transverse curvature and the numerical evaluations apply to horizontal cylindrical, as well as to plane, interfaces. The result is verified with frequency and wavelength data obtained during film boiling on horizontal wires. A Very general empirical correlation is given, en passant, for the vapor blanket thickness during film boiling.']' != '['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'A method of numerical solution of nonsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in regions with curvilinear moving boundaries is proposed. As an example, the solution of the problem of melting with convection in the liquid phase is presented.']'

Question: Risperidone Long‐acting Injection (RLAI) – real world outcomes from the United Kingdom high‐secure hospitals

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Purpose – High‐secure hospital patients often have complex presentations that are marked by co‐morbidity, violence, histories of poor concordance with oral medication, and treatment resistance. The ability to give a long‐acting medication with a low propensity for extra pyramidal side effects is of potential value to clinicians treating these patients. Risperidone Long‐acting Injection (RLAI) is the first long‐acting atypical antipsychotic medication and may be potentially useful in this population. This paper aims to investigate this issue.Design/methodology/approach – This was a retrospective, naturalistic study to investigate the use and effectiveness, using hard outcome measures, of RLAI in the four UK high‐secure psychiatric hospitals. Hospital pharmacy databases at Ashworth, Broadmoor, Carstairs and Rampton hospitals were used to identify all patients who had been prescribed RLAI. Anonymised data were then obtained from the pharmacy databases and case notes which were then pooled.Findings – A total ...

Read codes for diabetes mellitus. This file supports a paper titled "Acute kidney injury and infections in patients taking antihypertensive drugs: a self-controlled case series analysis".


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Question: Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Networks

In this paper, a TSK interval type-2 fuzzy neural network is proposed for predicting the short-term traffic flow. The proposed fuzzy neural network is adaptively organized from the collected short-term traffic flow data. The whole process includes structure identification and parameter learning. In structure identification, the hierarchical fuzzy clustering algorithm performs the training traffic flow data set in order to generate the network structure. After the structure identification is finished, the BP algorithm is adopted to perform the parameter learning. Then the trained fuzzy neural network is employed the collected short-term traffic flow test set and the prediction result verifies that the TSK interval type-2 fuzzy neural network has high prediction accuracy.

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A. Filippidis, M. Russo, L.C. Jain: Novel Extension of ART2 in Surface Landmine Detection.- M. Blume: An Efficient Mapping of Fuzzy ART onto a Neural Architecture.- M. Blume, D.A. Van Blerkom: Fuzzy ARTMAP Modifications for Intersecting Class Distributions.- A.-H. Tan: Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory and Rules.- G. Bartfai, R. White: Incremental Learning and Optimization of Hierarchical Clusterings with ART-Based Modular Networks.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part I - Architectures and Algorithms.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part II - Applications.- T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips.


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Question: Developing a treatment for ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is a really nasty disease. Although, like most cancers, it is curable if caught early enough, in practice it is not usually diagnosed until it is too late for curative treatment. It initially responds well to treatment and patients can go into remission for months or even years, but it usually returns and ultimately proves fatal. In this article, I describe a project I have been working on designing clinical trials with a high-tech immunological product, Cvac™, which uses modified autologous dendritic cells to prime the patient's immune system to attack ovarian cancer cells. We hope that Cvac™ will prolong the period of time in which women can remain in remission from ovarian cancer, but we will have to wait for the results of the clinical trials to know whether it does.

Here, we look at the currently open and recruiting clinical trials that focus on the role of the microbiome in colorectal cancer.


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Question: High-resolution laser photofragment spectroscopy of GeH+ (A 1Π—X1Σ+)

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High-resolution laser photodissociation spectra of the GeH+ molecular ion in the visible region of the spectrum have been recorded between 541 and 613 nm by the detection of Ge+ fragment ions, using a fast-ion-beam apparatus. Many of the lines have been assigned to rovibronic transitions in the A 1Π—X1Σ+ system, which is observed for the first time. The predissociated levels of the A 1Π state lie between the fine structure dissociation asymptotes, Ge+(2P3/2, 2P1/2) + H (i.e. they are Feshbach resonances), and show a pronounced dependence of the lifetime on the rotational quantum number. This is interpreted in terms of a strong variation in the coupling induced by the radial kinetic energy operator. Measurements of the angular distribution profiles and fragment translational energy releases are reported.

A systematic study has been made on the dependence of the radiative lifetime of 11BO2(A2Πu) on rotational and vibrational levels. Several rotational levels of the (100) and (002)A2Πu vibronic states were found to have anomolously large lifetimes but no significant shift in position (<0.03 cm–1). This is attributed to coupling with nearby levels of X2Πg and the results are compared with recent measurements on the lifetime of CO+2(A2Πu).


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Question: ISAR target Micro-Doppler feature extraction and recognition method based on PCA and ICA

Micro-Doppler features can be regarded as a unique signature of ISAR targets and provide critical information for target recognition. This paper proposes an ISAR micro-Doppler feature extraction and recognition method based on combination algorithm of principle component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). In order to decrease computation burden, PCA algorithm is first applied to reduce dimension and second order correlation, and then ICA decomposes micro-Doppler represented in time frequency domain into a set of independent basis components, which consist the micro-Doppler feature subspace. Target recognition is transformed to calculate the projection coefficient in the subspace. The experimental results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

This paper is a description of recent advances in off-line signature verification research performed at our laboratory. Related works pertain to structural interpretation of signature images, directional PDF used as a global shape factor, the Extended Shadow Code (ESC) and the fuzzy ESC, a cognitive approach based on the Fuzzy ARTMAP, and shape factors related to visual perception.


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Question: Bubble dynamics in gap-tolerant permalloy propagation circuits

Bubble domain dynamics in typical gap-tolerant Permalloy propagation circuits, such as asymmetric chevrons and half-disks, was studied by the use of a stroboscopic technique. A comparison was made of bubble dynamics in these circuits with their stability margins as a function of the drive field H dr and rotation frequency f r . Permalloy propagating elements that have the smoothest bubble motion have the widest stability margins at high frequencies.

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We present a numerical model of quasi one-dimensional and quasi zero-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures strictly based on experimental structures of polyphorm cylindrical nanocolumns.


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Question: P.3.c.002 Disruption of low frequency oscillations by phencyclidine: mechanisms involved in antipsychotic reversal

Poster presentado en el 26th ECNP (European College of Neuropsychopharmacology) Congress, celebrado del 5 al 9 de octubre de 2013, en Barcelona (Espana)

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Seizure-induced increase in ΔFosB expression reduces calbindin-28k and might explain cognitive impairments in seizure disorders.


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Question: Interaction between Na-clusters by semi-microscopic model and comment on fission process

To elucidate the fission process of doubly charged Na clusters, a simple model calculation in a core approximation is presented for the cases of Na162+ and Na202+ clusters by utilizing the unrestricted Hartree-Fock method. The existence of unstable states of doubly charged cluster created by an ionization of singly charged cluster without shape-change is shown as a possible origin for fission to occur. By comparing the calculated interaction barriers of almost asymmetric and symmetric channels, it is shown that the deformation effects are strong in the large separation regions to evaluate the fission barriers by the use of two touching spherical clusters.

Abstract The X-ray scattering intensities of gaseous carbon dioxide have been measured by the enerey-dispersive method. Comparison of the measured intensities with theoretical calculations by the Hartree-Fock independent-atom model revealed the binding effect in the small- s region, which is largely consistent with theoretical predictions based on the molecular Hartree-Fock wavefunction.


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Question: VISCERAL MAST CELL TUMOR IN A CAPTIVE BLACK JAGUAR (PANTHERA ONCA)

Little is known about neoplasia in the jaguar (Panthera onca), the largest American feline. A captive black jaguar was diagnosed at necropsy with a mastocytic form of visceral mast cell tumor similar to that which occurs in domestic cats. This animal had no previous clinical disease and died during anesthesia for a routine dental treatment.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


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Question: A seat backrest having a wavy resilient structure

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A seating structure includes an upper edge having opposite side edges and the lower edge of the backrest member. The backrest member having a forwardly facing convex shape on the edge formed between the bottom and along its vertical centerline. The lower edge has a concave shape facing the front. The lower edge of the outer portion having disposed all on the front edge.

A orthopedic support unit fastener composed of a female portion which is molded directly as part of an orthopedic support component such as a sternum brace and has reinforcing ridges extending between an outer ring and a central receptacle which receives a male portion.


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Question: Research on Development Strategy of Vocational Colleges Based on System Archetype

Vocational colleges,starting with expanding their scale,have turned into the stage of developing their characters.However,there are some problems in their development.In terms of the current situation,taking the construction of national key vocational colleges as a turning point and applying the system archetype,three archetypes of "limits to the growth"of vocational colleges,"shortage of growth and investment"of personnel training reform and "shortage of growth and investment"of double-qualified teachers are set up to make further analysis and seek solution to problems.Suggestions on promoting model vocational colleges and their sustainable development are presented.

Outlook of Agricultural Development to 2050 and the Demand for Science and Technology.- Roadmap and Goals of Agricultural Science and Technology in China.- Roadmap of Plant Germplasm Resources and Modern Plant Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Animal Germplasm Resources and Modern Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Resource Saving Agricultural Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Production and Food Safety Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Modernization and Intelligentization Science and Technology Development.- The Institutions and Policy Support for Agricultural Science and Technology Development in the Future.


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Question: IR- and UV-Spectral Study on the Mechanism of 2-Aminopyridine Complexation with Palladium (II)

Abstract The IR-spectra of Pd (II) complexes with 2-aminopyridine, obtained both in sulphuric acid and alkaline solution are studied in the region 1700- 1400 cm−1. The structural conclusions are based on comparison with the IR- and UV-spectra of the free ligand and aminopyridinium sulphate, as well as of trans-dichloro-di-2-aminopyridine-palladium and deuterated at the amino group analogues of the investigated compounds.

This account relates our quest for effective syntheses of 3-acyltetramic acids and also presents examples of our group’s increasing audacity to tackle the more intricate structural varieties of this compound class. 1 Introduction 2 A New Wittig-Based Access to Tetramic Acids 3 3-Acyltetramic Acids with Linear Side Chains 4 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acids 5 O - and N -Glycosylated 3-Acyltetramic Acids 6 Macrocyclic 3-Acyltetramic Acids 7 Miscellaneous Reactions 8 Whither to go from Here?


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Question: Intensified UV Imager For Space Applications

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An intensified UV imaging system covering the wavelength range 120 to 330 nm has been built and tested for space flight. A six-position fil-ter wheel divides the range into four narrow bands of interest, provides an ND1 filter for increased dynamic range, and provides a calcium fluo-ride window for maximum sensitivity and good rejection of Lyman al-pha. The optical path includes a reflective telescope, a cesium telluride image intensifier, a fiber-optic reducer, and a 380 by 488 pixel CCD sen-sor. The overall field of view is approximately 2.4° x 1.8°, with an angular spatial resolution exceeding 125 μrad. The system includes digitiz-ing electronics, associated memory, and a microprocessor-controlled AGC system. The maximum sensitivity of the system to a point source ex-ceeds 20 photons/cm 2 -s in the photon counting mode; with the use of the AGC and ND1 filter, the dynamic range exceeds 10 7 .

Abstract : Partial contents:Problem Statement, Technical Objective, Technical Background Current Coatings, Technical Background, Technical Background - Polysiloxane, Technical Background - Polyuretidione, Technical Background Cyclic Carbonate, Technical Approach, Task 1 Benchmarking, Task 2 Initial Formulation Development, Task 3 Initial CARC Testing, Task 4 Targeted Development, Chemspeed Autoplant A100TM, Task 5 Formulation CARC Testing, Task 6 Optimization, Task 8 Transition Planning, Year 1 Project Plan, Overall Project Plan, Project Funding, Deliverables.


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Question: On the asymptotic behavior of functions of local dynamical systems admitting the first approximation

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We prove an asymptotic estimate for functions of local dynamical systems admiting the first approximation.

We study the topological entropy for dynamical systems with discrete or continuous multiple time. Due to the generalization of a well-known one time-dimensional result we show that the definition of topological entropy, using the approach for subshifts, leads to the zero entropy for many systems different from subshift. We define a new type of relative topological entropy to avoid this phenomenon. The generalization of Bowen’s power rule allows us to define topological and relative topological entropies for systems with continuous multiple time. As an application, we find a relation between the relative topological entropy and controllability of linear systems with continuous multiple time.


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Question: Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Preoperative evaluation with a Swan-Ganz catheter.

A balloon-tipped catheter was used in the preoperative assessment of a patient with a solitary pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease. Studies before and two months following surgical excision of the fistula showed that the increase in arterial oxygenation (49 mm Hg vs 77 mm Hg) and the reduction in the fraction of the shunted cardiac output (37% vs 6%) closely approximated the predicted preoperative estimates.

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Abstract 1.1. Four cases of Eisenmenger's complex are reported and the results of cardiac catheterization are discussed. Right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, high ventricular septal defect and overriding of the aorta were demonstrated. 2.2. The practical and theoretic difficulties of demonstrating overriding of the aorta by cardiac catheterization are discussed.


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Question: The Electrochemical Properties of Nanophase Ag_2O as the Active Electrode Material III. Cyclic Voltammetric Behavior

The cyclic voltammetric(CV) behavior of silver oxide electrodes were investigated as function of scan rate and mass ratio of common Ag 2O( d =0 5 μm) and nano Ag 2O. The peak shapes in CV diagramms were differed for the three electrodes when the scan rate was 0 5 mV/s and their peak current values were obviously different at any scan rate. The optimum mixture electrode( sample A ) exhibited remarkable cyclic reversibility, while the pure nanophase Ag 2O electrode( sample F ) was wear in receiving charges. The common Ag 2O electrode(sample C) was just in between them. The best electrochemical property of the optimum mixture electrode could be due to the effectively reasonable distribution of the electroactive substances on the surface of electrode.

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: THE ETHICS OF ABORTION, AS A METHOD OF TREATMENT IN LEGITIMATE PRACTICE.

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The object of this paper is to investigate the ethical relation of the physician to the production of abortion in legitimate practice, and to consider his duties and responsibilities, when the question would intrude itself without the possibility of evasion, as in those cases of deformed pelvis and uncontrollable vomiting in which the operation is regarded as the last hope of the afflicted female. Owing to the recognized and stable position which abortion has attained in therapeutics, I have refrained from questioning its claim to be classed among the resources of medicine, and I have also excluded the consideration of its criminal or felonious aspect, much as I may marvel at the prevalence of a horrible crime which is devastating this fair land, and curtailing by the million, the development of its population and its power. This aspect of the subject has been treated by many able writers, whose experience,

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ABOUT 425 REFERENCES, MOST WITH A BRIEF ANNOTATION, ARE GIVEN, PRECEDED BY AN ESSAY ON THE BRITISH ECONOMY, APPROACHES TO REGIONAL PLANNING SINCE THE DEPRESSION, AND THE RELATION OF TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES TO THE SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF CURRENT REGIONAL PLANNING IN GREAT BRITAIN.


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Question: Simultaneous stabilisation of power systems using genetic algorithms

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The paper considers the simultaneous stabilisation of a power system over a wide range of operating conditions via a single power system stabiliser using genetic algorithms. The power system operating at various loading is treated as a finite set of plants. The problem of selecting the parameters of a power system stabiliser which simultaneously stabilises this set of plants is converted to a simple optimisation problem which is solved by a genetic algorithm and an eigenvalue-based objective function. A single-machine infinite bus system is considered to demonstrate the suggested technique.

In this paper the authors have compared the performance of coupled linear and non-linear methods of solution from these generic types, in order to assess their suitability for use in optimisation of sediment routing parameters.


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Question: Local sufficient condition for magnetohydrodynamic stability of closed line systems

A sixth‐order system of ordinary differntial equations along field lines is shown to have lower energy than the full magnetohydrodynamic system and thus offers a sufficient condition for stability. The two energies agree for all modes localized on field lines so that our criterion appears to be not overly restrictive. It is indeed the most optimistic sufficient condition in the literature. The criterion can be reduced to an eigenvalue problem of a single second‐order integro‐differential equation.

The stability of an axisymmetric plasma column with respect to small upward and downward displacements is studied in the approximation of a rigid displacement. The stabilizing effect of ideally conducting coils is studied. Illustrative calculations are reported for the equilibrium plasma configuration of the INTOR.


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Question: Crystal Field Effects and Electronic Excitations in Single-Crystal C60

The symmetry lowering by the crystal field in solid C60 leads to Davydov splittings and activation of molecular modes, as observed by Raman spectroscopy on single crystal C60- The influence of 514 nm irradiance on the Raman spectrum of C60 is discussed in terms of the long living excitonic triplet state of C60- At high irradiance the measured spectrum shows the vibrational properties of the excited state, rather than those of the ground state. The model used also explains the influence of the presence of oxygen on the Raman spectrum.

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Abstract : Contents: Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs superlattices, Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa(2), Electronic structure study of the Pt-Ga intermetallic thin films on GaAs (100) using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, RHEED Studies of Epitaxial Growth of CoGa on GaAs by MBE-Determination of epitaxial phases and orientations, Internal Photoemission in CoGa/GaAs Schottky Barriers, Possible Injection of Electrons into the L Valley, Chemistry of Metal/ Compound-Semiconductor Interfaces, Phase Stability Versus The Lattice Mismatch of (100)Co1-xGa(x) Thin Films on (100)GaAs, Electrical resistivity of ultrathin, epitaxial CoGa on GaAs, and Growth and Annealing of Co(1-x)Ga(x) Thin Films on GaAs (100).


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Question: On Scattering Constants of Congruence Subgroups

Let Γ be a congruence subgroup of level N. The scattering constant of Γ at two cusps is given by the constant term at s = 1 in the Laurent expansion of the scattering function of Γ at these cusps. Scattering constants arise in Arakelov theory when establishing asymptotics for Arakelov invariants of the modular curve associated to Γ, as the level N tends to infinity. More precisely, in the known cases, scattering constants essentially contribute to the leading term of the asymptotics for the self-intersection of the relative dualizing sheaf. In this article, we prove an identity relating the scattering constants of Γ to certain scattering constants of the principal congruence subgroup \(\overline {\Gamma }(N)\). Providing an explicit formula for the latter, in case that N = 2 or N ≥ 3 is odd and square-free, we thereby present a systematic way of computing the scattering constants of Γ in these cases.

Inversion of Finite Toeplitz Matrices.- Inversion of Finite ToeplitzMatrices Consisting of Elements of a Noncommutative Algebra.- Matrix Integral Operators on a Finite Interval with Kernels Depending on the Difference of the Arguments.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. I. The Resultant Operator for Matrix Polynomials.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. II. The Continual Analogue of the Resultant Operator.- The Spectrum of Singular Integral Operators in L p Spaces.- On an Algebra Generated by the Toeplitz Matrices in the Spaces h p .- On Singular Integral Equations with Unbounded Coefficients.- Singular Integral Equations with Continuous Coefficients on a Composed Contour.- On a Local Principle and Algebras Generated by Toeplitz Matrices.- The Symbol of Singular Integral Operators on a Composed Contour.- One-dimensional Singular Integral Operators with Shift.- Algebras of Singular Integral Operators with Shift.


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Question: A New Fast Method of Image Segmentation Fusion Using Maximum Mutual Information

Unsupervised image segmentation algorithms can output different results for an image and need to set their parameters. Higher data accuracy can be obtained through combining the segmentation results of multiple algorithms or multiple sources. If the large amount of data may need to be fused, the fusion speed becomes very important and high speed methods should be used. In this paper, a fast method is proposed for fusion of the image segmentation results using maximum mutual information. The experiments are performed on two image segmentation datasets for boundary detection and tree leaf image segmentation.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction System Description and Problem Formulation Sequential Monte Carlo Methods Joint Single-Target Tracking and Classification Multiple-Target Tracking and Classification Sensor Selection Simulation Results Conclusion Appendix: Derivations of (14.38) and (14.40) References


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Question: The Discrete Mathematics Course Teaching Website Design and Development

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Combined with the discrete mathematics teaching practice,after the provincial excellent courses of the discrete mathematics teaching website building a detailed needs analysis,design and implementation of teaching information distribution,rights management,online discussions,online tests,and other major module features teaching to improve the quality of education provided a good environment and technology platform.

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Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Watershed segmentation of detected masses in digital mammograms

A method for segmentation of detected masses in digital mammograms is introduced. The method is based on gray scale mathematical morphology. In a preprocessing step, image enhancement based on a local histogram technique is applied, followed by a morphological smoothing operation. The watershed transform is then applied to the gradient of the smoothed image resulting in segmented regions. A good segmentation is important in order to be able to extract useful feature measures from the segmented regions. These feature measures can be input to a classifier which classifies each region as either a mass or a false detection. Initial experiments have been performed using mammograms from the MIAS database. Results of the experimental study indicate that our scheme can provide useful contour extraction for mass structures

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Provided: "['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', "Dental health education attempts to change behaviour by altering an individual's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about health matters. Perception of vulnerability to illness and dental disease is a central, but poorly understood, health belief. In this study of 303 New Zealand and 297 Australian schoolchildren perceived vulnerability was measured by the degree of expectancy to which subjects believed they would contract health problems. The pattern of health problem expectancy was consistent across age groups, cultures, and other demographic divisions. High expectancies of general health problems and dental caries were associated with potential preventive dental visits and with potential denture wearing. New Zealand schoolchildren, and children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, had higher expectancies of general health problems and dental caries than Australian or middle class children."]" Match: "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', "Children's perception of vulnerability to illness and dental disease."]"

Background ::: Homology is a mathematical concept that can be used to quantify degree of contact. Recently, image processing with the homology method has been proposed. In this study, we used the homology method and computed tomography images to quantify emphysema.


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Question: The Influence of a Rotating Magnetic Field on the Sample with Magnetizable Materials near the Vessel Bottom

The rotation and translational motion of the samples with a magnetizable material alonga bottom of a vessel in a uniform applied rotating magnetic field are examined experimentally. Weconsider a magnetic fluid (MF) drop and a body with a magnetizable polymer (MP). The phenomenaof the change of the direction of the translation motion at some field frequency is observed only forthe MF drop.

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This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Azide Substitution at Mannose Derivatives. A Potential New Route to Glucosamine Derivatives

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Abstract Since the pioneering work of Paulsen et al.1 on stereoselective coupling reactions of glucosamine derivatives, the azide function has found general application in carbohydrate chemistry as a nonparticipating masking group for amines. Although excellent results have been reported for the synthesis of α-coupled glucosamine derivatives, the preparation of the required 2-azido-2-deoxy- -glucopyranose is often laborious.1c

This account relates our quest for effective syntheses of 3-acyltetramic acids and also presents examples of our group’s increasing audacity to tackle the more intricate structural varieties of this compound class. 1 Introduction 2 A New Wittig-Based Access to Tetramic Acids 3 3-Acyltetramic Acids with Linear Side Chains 4 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acids 5 O - and N -Glycosylated 3-Acyltetramic Acids 6 Macrocyclic 3-Acyltetramic Acids 7 Miscellaneous Reactions 8 Whither to go from Here?