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Question: Layout: Making It Fit: Finding the Right Balance Between Content and Space

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Finding the right balance between content and space is a challenge every graphic designer faces. This title gets to the heart of challenging layout design, replacing rigid templates with sound, customizable techniques for working with varying quantities of content, showing how designers can apply these techniques in their own work. It focuses on the two most difficult layout issues: compacting a high volume of content onto a small area while maintaining beauty and readability; and applying a small volume of content to a large space without making it look "bare". From posters to logos and magazines to book covers, this volume examines more than 150 projects, illustrating the methodologies and solutions that made each work, revealing how to make content shine in any space.

Introduction Innocence Lost Family Matters In the Gym and Boardroom Higher Learning Coming to America Something Old, Something New Bibliography Index


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Question: Effects of Sink Demand on Photosynthesis in Cucumber

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In Cucumis sativus L. net photosynthesis of leaf number 12 increased until 12 d after its unfolding and then decreased gradually. Sink demand was varied by imposing the number of fruits per plant without changing the number of leaves per plant. Net leaf photosynthesis did not respond to sink demand during the first 16 d of fruit growth. Subsequently, a substantial reduction in photosynthesis was found only when all fruits were removed. This reduction was accompanied by a decrease in the rate of transpiration, indicating a higher stomatal resistance. Neither starch nor monoand disaccharides accumulated noticeably at reduced sink demand, suggesting that there was no end product inhibition of photosynthesis. Dry matter content of the leaves increased and specific leaf area decreased when sink demand was reduced. When modelling cucumber production, effects of sink demand on leaf photosynthesis can be ignored.

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1. Profound and Useful Discoveries.- 2. Comparison of the Efficiency of Nitrate and Nitrogen Fixation in Crop Yield.- 3. Nitrate Uptake, Production and Transport in the Whole Plant.- 4. Carbon and Nitrogen Partitioning in the Whole Plant - a Thesis based on Empirical Modeling.- 5. Relationships between Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthesis.- 6. Photosynthate Limitation of Symbiotic N2 Fixation.- 7. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism.- 8. Seed Storage Proteins: Genetics, Synthesis, Accumulation and Protein Quality.


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Question: Particulate matter air pollution from the city of Quito, Ecuador, activates inflammatory signaling pathways in vitro

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Automobile traffic, industrial processes and natural phenomena cause notable air pollution, including gaseous and particulate contaminants, in urban centers. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution affects human health, and has been linked to respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The mechanisms underlying inflammation in these diverse diseases, and to what extent health effects are different for PM obtained from different sources or locations, are still unclear. This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of ambient course (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter collected at seven sites in the urban and periurban zones of Quito, Ecuador. Material from all sites was capable of activating TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways, with differences in the activation related to particle size. Additionally, airborne particulate matter from Quito is an effective activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

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Abstract Influenza viruses are reported to infect mainly the respiratory tract epithelium of hosts. Our studies in a pig model show that influenza A viruses infect alveolar macrophages that constitutively reside in the respiratory tract, without causing apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was the inflammatory cytokine most highly induced in these macrophages. In vivo, alveolar macrophages infected with human H3N2 influenza virus showed greater expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha than did alveolar macrophages infected with human H1N1 influenza virus. Induction of specific inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-α is a polygenic trait that involves the HA and NA genes. Markedly elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha may be responsible for the high mortality rate caused by H3N2 influenza virus infection in elderly patients.


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Question: Single road traffic deaths--accident or suicide?

Many authors have suggested that some deaths resulting from road traffic accidents are in fact suicide. The purpose of this study was to examine the circumstances of single road traffic deaths in County Mayo, Ireland, over the 15-year period from 1978 to 1992 inclusive. Using the information available from the coroners' files, evidence was sought to support the hypothesis that some accidental deaths may have been disguised suicides. The authors could find no conclusive evidence to suggest that this hypothesis was true. However, there was suspicion of suicide in six (4.5%) of the 134 fatalities examined. Interesting data regarding gender differences, seasonality, time of accident, and the consumption of alcohol were found.

In order to encourage cycling, we need to reduce the hazards that cyclists face. Single-bicycle crashes or ‘bicycle-only crashes’ are falls and obstacle collisions in which only one cyclist is involved. Between 60 and 95% of cyclists admitted to hospital or treated at an emergency department are victims of single-bicycle crashes. As proportion of the total number of traffic casualties the share exceeds 20% in most countries with medium to high levels of cycling. This paper discusses the prevalence of the problem and describes measures that may both reduce the risks and make cycling a more attractive transport choice at the same time.


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Question: The Psychological Problems of Corrector and How to Deal with Them

The research on copying with correctors' psychological problems is very important for prison or other correctional institution.The psychological problems of corrector include the cognitive bias,emotional problems,and problems of relationship.Corrector may copy with these problems by accepting oneself,reflecting,and taking part in professional development and get growth from the process.

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1. The Hedgehog's Kiss 2. The Art of Forgiveness 3. Are you a Victim of the Victim Syndrome? 4. Are you in the Rescuing Business? 5. Are you dealing with an SOB Leader? 6. The Coaching Conundrum 7. Teaching Executives how to Play 8. Creating Tipping Points


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Question: A HRTEM and XRD study of the potassium hexatitanate nanowires

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The structure of potassium hexatitanate (K2Ti6O13) nanowires has been investigated using both the Rietveld powder diffraction profile fitting technique and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image simulations. From the Rietveld analysis it was shown that the nanowires had a monoclinic structure of the space group C2/M and the lattice parameters were a=1.5582 nm, b=0.382 nm, c=0.9112 nm. HRTEM conclusions agree with refinement results obtained from experimental XRD data. The good agreement between the experimental and simulated images confirms that the nanowires is indeed K2Ti6O13 nanowire. The growth axes of nanowires were mainly along the [010] direction.

An analysis is made of the relationship between the susceptibility to external pressure and the structural characteristics of perovskite-like halide ferroelastics


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Question: The System of Education as a Key Element of the Modern Social Infrastructure in the Region

The article describes the system of education as a key element of the regional infrastructure. The condition of the educational system is a good indicator of the level of general and economic life of the population. The educational system is a part of the social infrastructure and is one of its fundamental elements, performing not only social but also economic functions.

Introduction Problems and Prospects of Preventing Conflict of Interest in Local Governments in the CEE Countries Chapter 1 The Bulgarian Experience with Building a Framework for the Prevention of Conflict of Interest Situations in Local Governments Chapter 2 The Progress of Regulation of Conflict of Interest in Local Government in Latvia Chapter 3 Difficulties with Implementation of Conflict of Interest Regulation in Polish Local Government Chapter 4 New Ways of Managing Conflict of Interest Problems in Romania Chapter 5 Conflict of Interest in Russian Local Government: Challenges for New Legislation Chapter 6 Waiting for a Conflict of Interest Constitutional Law in Slovakia Index


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Question: Quantification analysis of agricultural drought degree and its probabilistic distribution

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There were many methods and quantitative indexes in the drought degree evaluation for agriculture,but the most important is that drought degree evaluation for agriculture should correctly reflect the loss caused by the agricultural drought.Based on the relations between the drought and the loss of the agriculture,this paper establishes the quantitative models of drought degree evaluation for agriculture.Considered the randomness of the drought degree of agriculture and based on the models,this paper makes research on the probability distribution of drought degree for agriculture with Monte Carlo simulation method,it can quantitatively and continuously describe the ravages of a drought,and it also can reflect the loss of the agriculture caused by the drought for agriculture.Finally this paper calculates the drought degree of agriculture and the loss of the agriculture for different drought degree in Qucun Irrigation Area,Puyang City,Henan Province and validates the correctness of the model.

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Using the measured data on no-flow events in the Lower Yellow River since 1972, this paper presents an approach to describe the no-flow status in terms of a comprehensive indicator. The severity levels of no-flow events are identified by cluster analysis. Furthermore, the relation between severity levels and incoming water from upstream and its variance is well established with a BP-typed Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which is helpful to identify the complex response of the severity level to flow characteristics. The availability of the approach for quantitative description and prediction of no-flow events is discussed through comparisons between predicted and measured results in the Lower Yellow River.


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Question: Research progress in the anabolic mechanism of parathyroid hormone in bone formation

Objective Recently,animal experiments and clinical studies for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis show that parathyroid hormone(PTH) strongly stimulates bone formation and reduces the incidence of bone fracture.Recombinant human parathyroid hormone is the only drug on the market for stimulating bone formation.This paper reviews its anabolic mechanism in bone formation.

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Objective ::: Nitric oxide is an important mediator in Osteoarthritis (OA), and causes apoptosis and dedifferentiation in articular chondrocytes. Protein kinase Cα is involved in modulating apoptosis and dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes induced by nitric oxide. Hyaluronic acid is widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and exerts significant chondroprotective effects. The exact mechanisms of its chondroprotective action are not yet fully elucidated. The present study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of hyaluronic acid in NO-induced apoptosis and dedifferentiation of chondrocytes.


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Question: A general class of estimators of the extreme value index

Abstract We consider the class of estimators of the extreme value index β that can be represented as a scale invariant functional T applied to the empirical tail quantile function Qn. From an approximation of Qn first asymptotic normality of T(Qn) is derived under quite natural smoothness conditions on T if β is positive. As a consequence, a widely applicable method for the construction of estimators with a prescribed asymptotic behavior is introduced. If β ≤ 0 then either T must be location invariant or it has to satisfy a certain regularity condition on a neighborhood of a constant function to ensure asymptotic normality. It turns out that in this situation location invariant estimators are clearly preferable. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

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Abstract A useful result concerning variances and covariances of a linear function of a random matrix is applied to find the variance–covariance matrix of the maximum likelihood estimator in multivariate linear regression subject to zero constraints.


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Question: Radioiodination of the envelope proteins of Newcastle disease virus.

Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination selectively labels the two glycoproteins (VP1 and VP2) of Newcastle disease virus. The low-molecular-weight, nonglycosylated major viral protein, VP6, was not iodinated in the intact virus but was iodinated in disrupted virions, suggesting a localization on the inner, rather than the outer, envelope surface. Studies on the distribution of virion proteins labeled with 125-I and 3-H-isoleucine between detergent-soluble and detergent-insoluble fractions show that the virion proteins VP4, VP5, and VP6 are solubilized to a much lesser extent than are VP1 and VP2.

Antigenic analyses of avian paramyxoviruses Pigeon/Otaru/76 and Dove/Tennessee/75 revealed a new pattern of relationship consisting of related HN and distinct M proteins. We propose the two viruses to be classified into different species.


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Question: Efficient Portfolio Analysis Using Distortion Risk Measures

We introduce nonparametric estimators of the sensitivity of distortion risk measure with re-spect to portfolio allocation. These estimators are used to derive the estimated e±cient portfolioallocations when distortion risk measures de¯ne the constraints and the objectives, to study theirasymptotic distributional properties, and to construct tests for the hypothesis of portfolio e±ciency.

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Management of Service Organization Productivity.- Data Envelopment Analysis Explained.- DEA Concepts for Managers.- Solving DEA Using DEAFrontier Software.- DEA Model - Extensions.- Managing Bank Productivity.- Quality-Adjusted DEA (Q-DEA).- Applying DEA to Health Care Organizations.- Government Productivity Management.- Multidimensional Quality-of-Life Measure.- Hedge Fund Performance Evaluation.


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Question: Combining text and image information in content-based retrieval

This research explores the interaction of textual and photographic information in an integrated text/image database environment. By understanding the caption accompanying a picture, we are able to extract information useful in (i) retrieving the picture and (ii) directing an image interpretation system to identify relevant objects (in this case, faces) in the picture. The latter constitutes a powerful technique for automatically indexing images. In cases where images are not accompanied by text, it is far easier to manually add a line of descriptive text than to manually truth the images. A multi-stage system, PICTION, which uses captions to identify human faces in an accompanying photograph has been developed. We discuss the use of PICTION's output in content-based retrieval of images to satisfy focus of attention in queries.

A hypertext-based thesaurus provides structural cues to a subject domain, improving user browsing experiences. This is more powerful when combined with an expert system technology and applied to the domain of animal trypanosomiasis.


Question:
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Examples:
Provided: ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Irish mothers called for hepatitis C virus screening'] Match: ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'A scare over the contamination of blood products with hepatitis C virus has made Irish health authorities begin nationwide screening of up to 100 000 mothers who have received anti-D immunoglobulin since 1970. This follows the discovery, on routine testing, that nine women who donated blood in the southern Munster region had antibodies to hepatitis C virus. They had all given birth and received injections of anti-D immunoglobulin in 1977. ::: ::: Health minister Brendan Howlin …'] Hard Negative: ['', 'Public health nurses have welcomed the news that a national commissioning framework for HIV, sexual and reproductive health services will be developed to prevent fragmentation.']

Question: Hot-Electron Bolometers for THz Applications

Abstruct-superconducting properties of Nb and NbN thin films for application in diffusion and phonon cooled HotElectron Bolometers have been systematically investigated. The materials were sputtered on fused quartz substrates in a wide thickness range. DC-measurements of the Nb films allow us to predict the intermediate frequency bandwidth of a hot-electron bolometer mixer device for a given design. To improve the characteristics of the NbN thin films, we used a 15 nm MgO seed layer.

OAK B204 Novel Glassy Nematic Liquid Crystals for Non-destructive Rewritable Optical Memory and Photonic Switching


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Question: Inferring Aerosol Sources from Low-Cost Air Quality Sensor Measurements: A Case Study in Delhi, India

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Low-cost sensors (LCS) offer the opportunity to measure urban air quality at a spatiotemporal scale that is finer than what is currently practical with expensive research- or regulatory-grade instruments. Recently, the LCS research community has focused largely on sensor calibration, pollution monitoring, and exposure assessment; here, we investigate the applicability of LCS for characterizing particulate pollution sources in an urban environment. Using an integrated multipollutant LCS system (which measures both gases and particles), we collected air quality data for 6 weeks during the winter at a site in Delhi, India. The results were compared to measurements taken by co-located research-grade particle instruments. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to deconvolve LCS data into unique factors that were then identified by examining the factor composition and comparing them to the research-grade measurements. The data were described well by three factors: a combustion factor characterized by high C...

Seoul: An Emerging International City. Population and Economic Growth in Seoul and Seoul Metropolitan Region. Urban Land Use and Transportation. Housing, Urban Growth, and Urban Redevelopment. City Planning, Administration, and Finance. Urban Form. Conclusions: What Challenges Lie Ahead? References. Further Reading. Index.


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Question: Dignity and Human Trafficking Policy in Vietnam: Deconstructing Gender

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Human trafficking is a violation of human rights and human dignity. In response to the growing volume of trafficking crimes, countries worldwide have undertaken different anti-trafficking solutions. While these strategies demonstrate some success in addressing the complexity of trafficking, often they do so at the expense of women’s dignity. This chapter outlines the example of anti-trafficking strategy in Vietnam, the Vietnamese National Action Program against Trafficking in Women and Children (VNAP), in the last 10 years (2004 to 2014). Using primary and secondary data, the chapter deconstructs the values and norms underlying the VNAP. The analysis shows an over-emphasis on societal morals present in the policy that in turn marginalises the voices of trafficked women. The chapter calls for re-framing the values of policies and strategies that seek to address the problem of trafficking in Vietnam.

Equal Opportunities: 'Rights' and Wrongs - Room at the Top - Defined in Domesticity - Woman's Worth - Sexuality: On Whose Terms? - Of Men and Monsters: Ethnicity: Whiteness and the Man Homosexuals: The Other 'Other' Disability: Work Fit for People Present and Speaking: A Politics of the Body - Towards Parity


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Question: Study on Surface Free Energy and Water Resistance of Silicone Modified Polyacrylate

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A silicone-acrylic grafted copolymer emulsion has been prepared by seeding emulsion polymerization. The surface free energy of the copolymer is calculated through measurement of contact angles of water and glycol on the copolymer. The influences of composition of copolymer on the surface free energy and water absorption were discussed. It is concluded that the surface free energy and water absorption of the copolymer are decreased with increasing of silicone content.

Characterization of Linear Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) and Cloud Points in its Aqueous Solutions


Question:
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E.g. '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Enhanced Framework for Sentiment Analysis in Text using Distance based Classification Scheme']' == '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Social media platform like blogs, social networks and content communities have become valuable resource for mining the sentiments. In fact information gained from the social platform like Facebook and twitter has been expressed to be more important to industries, market, news, public opinion organization and many more. Sentiment analysis in a text is a procedure in which the polarities like positive and negative of a specified text is determined. In this project we are using twitter comments as the text input. The proposed method consists of two phases called testing and training phase. For extracting the features we are using the sentiwordnet. The distance based classifier is used to classify the features. Finally analyses of the sentiments are done by polarities classified by the distance classifier.']' != '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper\nExample:\nProvided: "The anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody linked to NAc-gamma calicheamicin gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CMA-676) was used to treat a patient with Philadelphia/bcr-abl-positive acute myeloid leukaemia. We report a morphological and cytogenetic complete remission after treatment with two doses of gemtuzumab ozogamicin as a single agent. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gemtuzumab ozogamicin treatment resulted in a 3-log tumour mass reduction in bone marrow." Match: "Molecular remission of Philadelphia/bcr-abl-positive acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment with anti-CD33 calicheamicin conjugate (gemtuzumab ozogamicin, CMA-676)."', 'Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.']'

Question: A Study on Compressibility Parameters of Ashwagandha Root Powder

Herbal drug powders may be formulated into modern tablet dosage form by selecting suitable size reduction method to get a specific size of the particles and altering those particle size with the use of direct compression mechanism by the use of directly compressible vehicle at a particular concentration, which could be determined by the micromeritic analysis using Kawakita, Heckel, Leuenberger equations as well as the powder of a specific particle size may also be converted into tablet dosage form by the wet granulation method by using certain excipient at a specific concentration, which could be determined by the micromeritic analysis using Kawakita, Heckel, Leuenberger equations to get optimum size of granules having desired free flowing and compression characteristics to prepare tablet. The methods may be suitable to utilize in commercial field to produce herbal powder into modern tablet dosage forms and viable commercially as stable dosage forms.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Cardenolide glycosides ofCheiranthus allioni. XV. Glucocheiranthoside

Another new cardenolide glycoside has been isolated from the plantCheiranthus allioni Hort., and has been named glucocheiranthoside. Its chemical structure has been established as 3β-(4′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-gulmoethylpyranosyloxy)-14-hydroxy-19-oxo-5β,14β-card-20(22)-enolide.

Background/Aims: The effect of four secondary metabolites isolated from sponge Spongionella , gracilins H, A, L and tetrahydroaplysulphurin-1 on


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Question: The New Public Management Approach and Crisis States

A tool for installing an internally threaded tubular rivet. A pair of levers are pivotally connected together with one of the levers having a portion with a hole therein. A tubular anvil is received in the hole and is secured to the lever. A rod extends axially through the anvil and is relatively movable with respect to the anvil. A knob or the like is mounted on the rod and is spaced axially from the anvil for rotating the rod relative to the anvil. The knob has an abutment thereon which engages the other lever so that a relative movement between the two levers will effect a relative movement between the rod and the anvil.

Post-Structuralism, Ethnography and the Critical Analysis of Educational Reform What is Policy? - Texts, Trajectories and Toolboxes Education, Majorism and the Curriculum of the Dead Education Policy, Power Relations and Teachers' Work Cost, Culture and Control - Self Management and Entrepreneurial Schooling "New Headship" - Schools Leadership, New Relationships and New Tensions Education Markets, Choice and Social Class: The Market as a Class Strategy in the UK and US Competitive Schooling:. Values, Ethics and Cultural Engineering.


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Question: Are Canadian Provincial Tax Systems Becoming More Regressive?: If So, in What Respects and Why?

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There is an extensive literature on the evolution of tax progressivity and the forces shaping it in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development nations, but not in Canada. This article addresses these topics for the provinces since 1980. Provincial taxes have become more regressive, but unevenly across tax types and over time. Moreover, among the many commonly cited influences on tax incidence, only interprovincial trade has a strong and broad negative association with tax progressivity. Domestic trade's impact also varies considerably over time and often is the inverse of that discussed in the literature, with receding trade levels associated with rising progressivity. Many domestic influences on incidence are stronger than most transboundary ones.

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Farm Spending and Local Selling: How Do They Match Up?; Changing Fiscal Patterns for Minnesota County Governments


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E.g.
"['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Teaching Bioethics: The Tale of a “Soft” Science in a Hard World']" == "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Background: Although bioethics is considered essential to the practice of medicine, medical students often view it as a “soft” subject that is secondary in importance to the other courses in their basic science and clinical curriculum. This perspective may be a consequence of the heavy reliance on students’ aptitude in the quantitative sciences as a criterion for entry into medical school and as a barometer of academic success after admission. It is exacerbated by the widespread impression that bioethics is imprecise and culturally relativistic. Summary: In an effort to redress this imbalance, we propose an approach to teaching bioethics to medical students which emphasizes that the intellectual basis and the degree of certainty of knowledge is comparable in all medical subjects ranging from basic science courses to clinical rotations to bioethics tutorials. Conclusions: Adopting these pedagogical steps may promote greater integration of the various elements—bioethics and clinical science—in the medical s...']" != "['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'Introduction Innocence Lost Family Matters In the Gym and Boardroom Higher Learning Coming to America Something Old, Something New Bibliography Index']"

Question: Calibration phantom for the quantification of fluorescent labels in deep skin tissue

A method to quantify fluorescent labels spatially resolved in scattering and ::: absorbing samples is proposed and tested using a tissue phantom. The method works ::: without any a priori knowledge about the optical properties of the sample. The ::: scattering and absorption behavior of the sample is estimated by measuring ::: reflectance from the sample simultaneously to the fluorescence. With this ::: estimation, the attenuation of the fluorescence caused by scattering and absorption ::: can be mathematically compensated. The method is planned to be used for evaluating ::: skin penetrating drug carrier systems.

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The authors have developed a new in-vivo spectroscopic imaging system (IVIS) for real-time biomedical applications. IVIS visualization produces images that are acquired non-invasively during clinical procedures. This paper describes data collected from tissue to determine the efficacy of this type of hyperspectral imaging modality for measuring changes in the spatial distribution of regional tissue oxygenation during vascular occlusion and reperfusion.


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Question: Effect of Annealing on Adhesion of Cr Films Deposited by D.C Magnetron Sputtering

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Authors try to use chromium thin films deposited by D.C magnetron sputtering to improve the corrosion-resistance of zirconium. The effect of annealing on adhesion of the chromium film on Zr-2 sub-strates has been studied. The composition of the chromium film was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the interface of Cr/Zr was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM), scratch adhesion tests were performed on a WS-97 Automatic Scratch Tester. The XRD inspection confirms that the film consists of pure chromium, no compound or inter-phase was found, but there is sharp preferred orientation in Cr film. The SEM analysis has found that interface of Cr/Zr is well-knit, though there are visible boundary. Scratch tests have demonstrated a good adhesion for the Cr films: bond strength is more than 20N. It is found out that an-nealing could enhance the adhesion of the Cr films to the substrates, which increases by 50% or so. The rea-son why adhesion adds is diffusion.

List of Contributors. Preface. G. Davies, Optical Measurements of Point Defects. P.M. Mooney, Defect Identification Using Capacitance Spectroscopy. M. Stavola, Vibrational Spectroscopy of Light Element Impurities in Semiconductors. P. Schwander, W.D. Rau, C. Kisielowski, M. Gribelyuk, and A. Ourmazd, Defect Processes in Semiconductors Studied at the Atomic Level by Transmission Electron Microscopy. N.D. Jager and E.R. Weber, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Defects in Semiconductors. Subject Index. Contents of Volumes in This Series.


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Question: Thin plate apparatus for removing debris from water

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A product that is an apparatus for removing debris from water containing such debris using a perforated plate, a backer plate, and a skimmer, positioned adjacent the back of the perforated plate to provide a means of removing debris from the perforated plate without scraping the debris from the perforated plate, the skimmer bar and the backer plate being synchronized in their movement.

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Apparatus and method for depositing into the surface and the thin hole of the substrate material of the thin substrate material and the solid carbon at atmospheric pressure is provided.


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Question: Highly efficient inverted organic light-emitting diodes with organic p-n junction as electron injection layer

Abstract Organic p-n junction (PNJ) composing of PEDOT:PSS(MoO 3 )/Bphen:Cs 2 CO 3 is introduced as electron injection layer (EIL) in the bottom-emission inverted organic light-emitting diodes (BIOLEDs). The devices with PNJ of PEDOT:PSS/Bphen:Cs 2 CO 3 or MoO 3 /Bphen:Cs 2 CO 3 as EIL achieve maximum current efficiency of 87.3 cd/A and 86.6 cd/A and power efficiency of 69.4 lm/W and 63 lm/W, respectively, which are higher than that79.8 cd/A and 60 lm/W of the device with the n-doping Bphen:Cs 2 CO 3 as EIL, and 51% and 55% improvement in the half operational lifetime. The injection of electrons from the interface of PNJ but not directly from the ITO cathode is more effectively comparison with conventional BIOLED with n-doped Bphen:Cs 2 CO 3 as EIL. Thus, reducing the charge accumulation between the electrode and the organic electron transport layer (ETL), moreover, the PNJ is able to control the injection equilibrium of the carriers, and improve the efficiency and stability of the device.

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Secondary-gate electrodes under source and drain electrodes are introduced in organic thin-film transistors to reduce carrier-injection barriers into air-stable organic semiconductors. The additional gate electrodes buried in the gate insulators form “carrier-rich regions” in the vicinity of the source and drain electrodes with the application of sufficiently high local electric fields. Fabricating the structure with dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, known for its excellent air stability, the contact resistance is drastically reduced especially at low gate voltages in the main channel. The result demonstrates carrier injection from the same material realizing a minimized potential barrier in the absence of interfacial trap levels for metal-to-semiconductor junctions.


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Question: The Goillot effect as translational inertial spin effect

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Abstract A new electromagnetic effect is deduced, qualitatively similar to Goillot's, but much smaller, it is thus concluded that Goillot's effect is dynamical rather than electromagnetic, and implies, as in ,any spin theories, a non-collinearity of the momentum and velocity 4-vectors.

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The present invention provides a method to search for an optimal condition of the separation method and the material separated using a concentration gradient of the substance occurs add a dielectrophoresis apparatus with, for him. Dielectrophoresis, the concentration gradient


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Examples:
Provided: ['Represent this text', 'Small bowel cancer. Clinical and pathologic features.'] Match: ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Although the small bowel constitutes over 75% of the length and 90% of the mucosal surface of the alimentary tract, it is the site of only 1% of gastrointestinal cancers. Despite their rarity, it is important to diagnose small bowel tumors early to maximize patient survival. This article focuses on the clinical and pathologic findings of small bowel adenocarcinomas and carcinoids.'] Hard Negative: ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'Review on Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), with data on clinics, and the genes involved.']

Question: Positional Effects of Hydroxy Groups on Catalytic Activity of Proton-Responsive Half-Sandwich Cp*Iridium(III) Complexes

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Proton-responsive half-sandwich Cp*Ir(III) complexes possessing a bipyridine ligand with two hydroxy groups at the 3,3′-, 4,4′-, 5,5′-, or 6,6′-positions (3DHBP, 4DHBP, 5DHBP, or 6DHBP) were systematically investigated. UV–vis titration data provided average pKa values of the hydroxy groups on the ligands. Both hydroxy groups were found to deprotonate in the pH 4.6–5.6 range for the 4–6DHBP complexes. One of the hydroxy groups of the 3DHBP complex exhibited a low pKa value of <0.4 because the deprotonation is facilitated by the strong intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between the generated oxyanion and the remaining hydroxy group, which in turn leads to an elevated pKa value of ∼13.6 for the second deprotonation step. The crystal structures of the 4- and 6DHBP complexes obtained from basic aqueous solutions revealed their deprotonated forms. The intramolecular hydrogen bond in the 3DHBP complex was also observed in the crystal structures. The catalytic activities of these complexes in aqueous phase reac...

Perspectives and Summary 227 Structure 228 Reductases 230 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formaldehyde ...... 233 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formate 240 Reaction of the One-Carbon Unit at the Methyl Leve/ of Oxidation 244 Pterin-Dependent Hydraxy/ations 245


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Question: Coaxing the Maximum Performance out of an Ordinary Structured MO Disk

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An ordinary structured magneto-optical disk was improved and optimized to achieve high areal recording density using the magnetic field modulation recording technique. After studying film material/thickness, groove geometry, and birefringence in a poly-carbonate substrate, a track pitch of 0.85 μm with a linear recording density of 0.31 μm/bit is determined to be a good combination for a wavelength of 690 nm and an objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.55, which results in an areal density of 3.8 bit/μm2 or 2.4 Gbit/inch 2 .


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Question: The Beginning of the Li～bing～wan～hu～fu, the Highest Military Institution in Yuan Dynasty

Based on a careful study on some history documents, this paper corrects some mistakes on the beginning of the Li~bing~wan~hu~fu, the highest military institution in Yuan dynasty. Differing from other opinions, the author intends to suggest that, the highest military institution in Hainan island in Yuan dynasty, which was so called as Li~bing~wan~hu~fu, was for the first time set up during 1278~1287.

The International Journal of Arts Education 59 A Research of Art Action Curriculum which Applied Problem-Based Learning Strategy for Building Civil Aesthetic of Universities’ Students InJAE 5.2 © NTAEC 2007


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Question: Method and transmission system using adaptive modulation and programmable hierarchical

The invention relates to a method for transmitting a signal comprising simultaneously a first stream of binary data and at least one further stream of binary data, which comprises: i. a data stream of the encoding step with a coding data stream by means of an encoder (1, 2), and ii. a hierarchical modulation step by means of a modulator (20), with a hierarchical level per data stream, it comprises: iii. prior to coding, a step of allocation of bits of the data flow between said injection step encoders and / or between the coding and the hierarchical modulation, a bit allocation step encoded between the hierarchical levels of said step modulator referrals.

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To faciliate high-rate uplink transmission, a novel selective maximum-likelihood (SML) detection is realized on a set of parallel multicode (MC) channels as a result of MC wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) signaling with precoding. Multidimensional (MD) signaling can be combined with MC to further increase the data rate with fixed spreading factor per symbol. In connection with this MDMC signaling, the proposed SML detection achieves significantly improved symbol-error probability, compared with other detection methods, both without soft sequential decoders for a tractable analysis.


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Question: Drug Delivery to Cancer Patients in Home Care: Experience with Intraarterial and Intravenous Chemotherapy

Oncological therapy today is characterised by increased specialisation and concentration of therapy in tumour centres. In particular those patients who face long-term tumour-specific therapy are frequently hospitalised and therefore excluded from their usual psychosocial environment. For the tumour patient, this important additional burden means a substantially lowered quality of life. This problem is especially associated with continuous cytotoxic chemotherapy.

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Demonstration of the Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Substance P (NK 1 ) Receptor Antagonist in Major Depression


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Question: Multiparty/multimedia conferencing in mobile Ad Hoc networks for improving communications between firefighters

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In current practice, the fire-fighters communication system is verbal, using a simplex radio frequency system (walkie-talkie). This system has a flat communication structure, which prevents any private communication among groups of firefighters. In addition, only one fire-fighter is allowed to talk at a time and no other functionalities (e.g. video communications or conferencing) are supported. This paper proposes a new multimedia conferencing system for fire-fighters, which overcomes the current system limitations. The new system is based on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks, an infrastructure-less and self-organized wireless networks that are suitable for emergency situations. The proposed system has a cluster-based architecture in order to offer more scalability. A proof-of-concept prototype has been implemented and performance have been evaluated and analysed.

We demonstrate a new ad hoc routing method that can handle transience such as node-mobility, obstructions and node failures. It has controlled management overhead, and is platform-independent (our demo includes phones, routers, and laptops running different operating systems). It achieves reliability and flexibility at the expense of throughput. It is ideal for scenarios where the reliability of connectivity is critical and bandwidth requirements are low. For e.g., disaster relief operations and sensor networks. Along with applications, we exhibit measurements to illustrate the advantages of our approach in dealing with transience.


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Question: DNA purification by polycarbonate filters.

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Organic solvent free procedures are described for the purification of mammalian DNA from rat liver, kidney, spleen, lung and brain. The basis of the purification procedures are the use of the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and inert polycarbonate filters with 2 mcm pores which retain long macromolecules such as DNA while allowing other cellular constituents to pass through the pores. Neither proteinase K nor use of peristaltic pumps were found to be absolutely required for DNA purification, although it is desirable to use peristaltic pumps to control solution flow rates. Of the 12 different procedures (1.2-4.2 h required) evaluated, purified mammalian DNA contained from 0 detectable to 1.5% of the original protein remaining as a contaminant. With the 4 recommended procedures, the average of 8 experimental values of DNA to protein ratios was 1.81. Depending on the diameter of the individual filter, about 12-90 mcg of rat liver DNA can be purified from each separate tissue or cell sample.

The present invention belongs to the field of protein purification, relates to a method for purifying growth factor (rhEGF) a recombinant human epidermal, the supernatant containing the rhEGF sequentially through Ni Sepharose affinity chromatography, Source 15RPC reversed phase chromatography, Source30Q ion exchange chromatography gave high activity, high purity protein rhEGF. The present invention employs the inventive Ni Sepharose affinity chromatography purification tag HIS free native structure of recombinant human epidermal growth factor protein, simple process, activity yield and ease of production and the like enlarged scale.


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Question: Transmission of information by biorthogonal functions

As a generalization of transmission of information by orthogonal functions, we present a principle for transmission of information by biorthogonal functions. With this principle, common electrical waveforms such as square wave, triangular wave and trapezoidal wave can also be used as carriers in multiplexing.

Additonal data of the ebook: Practical guide for biospeckle laser in biosystems - Data set of a maize seed illuminated by a laser


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Question: Evaluation on the Market-Oriented Level of Mining Rights in China

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['Represent', 'As a resulting of comprehensive studies of Paleoproterozoic igneous complexes a regular remagnetization trend is revealed. It is shown that the remagnetization front propagated from the northwest to southeast. The obtained remagnetization trend probably reflects the direction of the collision in the Paleoproterozoic. Correlation between remagnetization processes and rock compositions was found. The degree of conservation of secondary earlier and later magnetization components is likely associated to both the compositions of protoliths and different transformation conditions of rocks, including their fluid saturation.'] == ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'The Paleoproterozoic remagnetization trend in rocks of the Belomorian mobile belt: Paleomagnetic and geologic evidence']

It is necessary to promote the market-oriented development of mining right distribution for bringing market mechanism into full play, increasing resource allocation efficiency and reducing the corruption effectively in administrative examination and approval of mining right distribution. This paper uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and Kruskal-Wallis test to estimate the market-oriented level of mining rights in China. The results show that the market-oriented level of mining right allocation is not high generally in China. The market-oriented level of mining rights in east, middle, western area has no regional difference. The market-oriented advancement is balanced. It is necessary to build up information platform of mining right exchange,increase the proportion of transfering mining rights in the market, normalize the transfer procedure and the market order in order to enhance the market-oriented level of mining right market.

Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Police officers’ judgements of veracity, tenseness, cognitive load and attempted behavioural control in real-life police interviews

Abstract The present experiment examined the apparently incongruent findings that police officers (i) believe that suspects show nervous behaviour when they lie but (ii) seem able to detect deceit in suspects who do not show nervous behaviours. It was hypothesized that police officers’ judgements about whether a suspect is lying would not be correlated with their judgements regarding whether the suspect is tense, but, instead, would be correlated with their judgements regarding whether suspects are having to think hard or attempting to control their behaviour. Each of 84 police officers saw seven truths and seven lies told by suspects during their police interviews. Participants in Condition 1 were asked to indicate after each clip whether the suspect was lying, whereas participants in Condition 2 were asked to note after each clip to what extent the suspect appeared to be tense, having to think hard or attempting to control their behaviour. Condition 3 was a combination of Conditions 1 and 2 and particip...

Despite evidence that variation exists between individuals in high-stakes truth and deception detection accuracy rates, little work has investigated what differences in individuals’ cognitive and e...


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Question: Numerical continuation of boundaries in parameter space between stable and unstable periodic travelling wave (wavetrain) solutions of partial differential equations

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A variety of numerical methods are available for determining the stability of a given solution of a partial differential equation. However for a family of solutions, calculation of boundaries in parameter space between stable and unstable solutions remains a major challenge. This paper describes an algorithm for the calculation of such stability boundaries, for the case of periodic travelling wave solutions of spatially extended local dynamical systems. The algorithm is based on numerical continuation of the spectrum. It is implemented in a fully automated way by the software package wavetrain, and two examples of its use are presented. One example is the Klausmeier model for banded vegetation in semi-arid environments, for which the change in stability is of Eckhaus (sideband) type; the other is the two-component Oregonator model for the photosensitive Belousov---Zhabotinskii reaction, for which the change in stability is of Hopf type.

Ultradiscretization is a limiting procedure transforming a given difference equation into a cellular automaton. The cellular automaton constructed by this procedure preserves the essential properties of the original equation, such as the structure of exact solutions for integrable equations. In this article, a cellular automaton analog of the multidimensional Allen–Cahn equation which is not an integrable system is constructed by the ultradiscretization. Moreover, the traveling wave solutions for the resulting cellular automaton are given. The shape, behavior and stability of the solutions in ultradiscrete systems are similar to those in continuous systems.


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Question: New inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose second derivatives absolute values are convex and quasi-convex

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In this paper, we establish several new inequalities for twice differantiable mappings that are connected with the celebrated Hermite-Hadamard integral inequality. Some applications for special means of real numbers are also provided.

Sufficient conditions for boundedness of the solutions of impulsive systems of differential equations are obtained under the assumption that the piecewise continuous analogues of Lyapunov's functions used be semi-definite.


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Question: The transfer and diffusion of HRM practices within MNCs: lessons learned and future research directions

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AbstractThe transfer and diffusion of human resources management (HRM) practices within the geographically dispersed operations of multinational corporations (MNCs) is receiving heightened attention, in particular because it is believed to significantly influence the performance and competitiveness of MNCs and their subsidiaries. However, as a review of the current body of literature suggests, further work is needed if we are to more fully understand the underlying process through which HRM practices are transferred and diffused or provide more holistic guidance with practitioner relevance. In this article, the authors review and synthesize the extant literature on the transfer and diffusion of HRM practices in the MNC context. Five salient themes or questions that prior research attempts to address are identified and critiqued. A general guiding framework is proposed as are possible avenues for future research.

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For example, '['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', "Starting from the classical Newton's second law which, according to our assumption, is valid in any instantaneous inertial rest frame of body that moves in Minkowskian space-time we get the relativistic equation of motion $\\vec{F}=d\\vec{p}/dt$, where $\\vec{p}$ is the relativistic momentum. The relativistic momentum is then derived without referring to any additional assumptions concerning elastic collisions of bodies. Lorentz-invariance of the relativistic law is proved without tensor formalism. Some new method of force transformation is also presented."]' should be close to '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', "Derivation of the relativistic momentum and relativistic equation of motion from Newton's second law and Minkowskian space-time geometry"]'

The diversity of countries and cultures in Europe necessitates an international outlook for most businesses. This paper examines the internationalisation of business in Europe through a literature review on international entrepreneurship theory. The role of the individual business owner and of business and interorganisational activity in facilitating the internationalisation of businesses in Europe is discussed by utilising the theoretical framework of international entrepreneurship and by putting forward three main propositions. The main aim and intent of this paper is to understand how the policies of individual governments and institutions such as the European Union help businesses in Europe to internationalise, with particular emphasis on businesses in the Baltic region. The paper discusses policy implications and suggestions for future research, which highlight the importance for firms in Europe of focussing on international markets.


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Question: Low Cost Raw Material for One Step Synthesis of Small Crystal ZSM-5 Molecular Sieve

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High crystallinity small crystal ZSM-5 molecular sieves were prepared by one step direct synthesis method using low cost raw materials such as aluminum sulfate,water glass,n-butylamine,water,seed,NaCl,concentrated sulfuric acid,etc.Effect of gel aging process,solution addition sequence,crystallization time,crystallization temperature,water content and SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio on the crystallinity and crystal size of molecular sieve were investigated.By means of XRD and SEM on the characterization of synthesized ZSM-5 molecular sieve was investigated in detailed.Research results showed that a high crystallinity small crystal ZSM-5 molecular sieve were obtained under the crystallization condition of 160 ～ 170 ℃ for 30 h with low temperature water bath reflux stir-aging method.The solution addition sequence has little effect on the crystallinity of molecular sieve.

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1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: Gamma-ray emission from wakefield-accelerated electrons wiggling in a laser field

Ultra-fast synchrotron radiation emission can arise from the transverse betatron motion of an electron in a laser plasma wakefield, and the radiation spectral peak is limited to tens of keV. Here, we present a new method for achieving high-energy radiation via accelerated electrons wiggling in an additional laser field whose intensity is one order of magnitude higher than that for the self-generated transverse field of the bubble, resulting in an equivalent wiggler strength parameter K increase of approximately twenty times. By calculating synchrotron radiation, we acquired a peak brightness for the case of the laser wiggler field of 1.2 × 1023 ph/s/mrad2/mm2/0.1%BW at 1 MeV. Such a high brilliance and ultra-fast gamma-ray source could be applied to time-resolved probing of dense materials and the production of medical radioisotopes.

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The trajectories of ions confined in a Solovev FRC equilibrium magnetic geometry and heated with a small-amplitude, odd-parity rotating magnetic field, have been studied with a Hamiltonian computer code. When the RMF frequency is in the ion-cyclotron range, explosive heating occurs. Higher-energy ions are found to have betatron-type orbits, preferentially localized near the FRC midplane. These results are relevant to a compact magnetic-fusion-reactor design.


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Question: Impact of ionic and nanoparticle speciation states of silver on light harnessing photosynthetic events in Spirodela polyrhiza

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ABSTRACTOwing to wide range of applications, nanotechnology is growing expeditiously. Likely negative impact of nanoparticles (NPs), which are inevitably released into our surroundings, on living organisms is of growing concern. Findings presented here are outcome of investigations carried out to evaluate the impact of ionic and NP speciation states of silver on light harnessing photosynthetic events in Spirodela polyrhiza fronds. Fronds exposed to ionic speciation state showed significant decline in PS (photosystem) II efficiency (Fv/Fm; variable fluorescence/maximal fluorescence), while those exposed to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) showed marginal decline. Accordingly, decline in amplitude of Chl a fluorescence transients was sharper in fronds treated with Ag+ than those treated with Ag-NPs. Of the various phases Chl a fluorescence transient, J-I phase [which reflects reduction of plastoquinone (PQ) pool] was most sensitive to both Ag+ and Ag-NPs. Phenomenological yield models, built using Biolyzer sof...

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Aeroterrestrial green algae are among the most ubiquitous members of the microbial flora colonizing aerial surfaces. Filamentous green algae, in particular, produce large populations in several natural and artificial habitats. In recent years it has been shown that the bases of the walls of urban environments are frequently colonized by filamentous green algae. However, information concerning the physiology of these organisms and the factors that determine their distribution is extremely limited. We studied the physiological responses of a strain of Klebsormidium sp. (Klebsormidiales, Klebsormidiophyceae) collected in an urban area (Konstanz, Germany). Growth responses, photosynthetic performance, desiccation tolerance and accumulation of organic osmolytes were measured in several different combinations of environmental factors. Klebsormidium sp. exhibited optimal growth and highest photosynthetic efficiency under relatively low photon fluence rates, performing optimally between 15 and 30 µmol photons m−2...


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Question: Evaluation of Residual Stresses Near a Welded Zone by Transmission Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction

The transmission diffraction using standard X-ray equipment and energy dispersive analysis is tested for plane strain measurement near a welded joint in a 0.4 mm thick stainless steel sheet. The principal stresses can be determined as from strain rosette gage measurements. For the tested sample, the accuracy is near 80 Mpa for the stresses values, and 5° for their directions.

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List of Contributors. Preface. G. Davies, Optical Measurements of Point Defects. P.M. Mooney, Defect Identification Using Capacitance Spectroscopy. M. Stavola, Vibrational Spectroscopy of Light Element Impurities in Semiconductors. P. Schwander, W.D. Rau, C. Kisielowski, M. Gribelyuk, and A. Ourmazd, Defect Processes in Semiconductors Studied at the Atomic Level by Transmission Electron Microscopy. N.D. Jager and E.R. Weber, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Defects in Semiconductors. Subject Index. Contents of Volumes in This Series.


Question:
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E.g. ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', 'Private law : from the law reports'] == ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', "It was held that the certificate issued by the requesting state was conclusive solely with regard to a question of foreign law. The enquiry by the magistrate did not constitute a trial in which the accused's guilt or innocence was determined. It was held that the extradition proceeding was sui generis and that the Act was in essence regulating the exercise of a sovereign state's power."] != ['Represent text!', 'Judicial systems in European Union and its enforcement in of European Union Law with interpretation activity of the European court of justice.']

Question: Empirical Models of Demand Levels and Turn-In Rates at Roadside Rest Areas

Roadside rest areas provide valuable and convenient services to road users as well as tangible safety benefits. However, these benefits are not always enough to warrant the costs, and therefore these facilities are not always economically justified. As such, understanding the factors that affect rest area demand is important for transportation agencies to design and maintain these facilities efficiently within their jurisdictions. The effects of nearby comparable facilities and rest areas on the demand characteristics of roadside rest areas have not been well analyzed in previous literature. This paper presents the results of binary logistic regression and negative binomial regression models on the demand characteristics of 47 roadside rest areas in Michigan. These models were developed separately for passenger cars and commercial trucks because the decision-making processes for these types of road users were likely different. Key results include the finding that greater distances between rest areas and n...

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This chapter contains sections titled: Long-Distance Carriers, Mass Transit Systems, Where There Is High-Volume Multimodal Use, True Multi-Modal Transit and the Theory of Rapid Transit


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The query could be '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'LIED: laser induced electron diffraction by intense laser—molecule interaction—an exact non-Born–Oppenheimer simulation of the one-electron system: H2+']' and should be close to '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', 'Abstract Exact non-Born–Oppenheimer simulations of a 1-D model of H 2 + in an intense short laser pulse are used to investigate the non-linear multiphoton electron emission spectra, also called above-threshold ionization (ATI) spectra. Due to the fast proton motion upon dissociative-ionization, the electron ATI spectra are found to occur at the critical distance R c ≃7 a.u. by charge resonance enhanced ionization, CREI. Highly oscillatory ATI spectra occur, which are enhanced by the molecular motion, and these are the signature of incomplete localization of the electron by the laser field. It is suggested that re-scattering effects result in doubling of the ATI intensity oscillations with respect to simple coherent excitation models of the HOMO and LUMO in H 2 + .']' but very far from '['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'Abstract Near-resonant two-photon ionization of spin-polarized ground state slkali is much richer in various light polarization effects than that of spin-unpolarized ones. This is inferered from an analysis of the photoelectron spin-polarization and ionization rate performed within the perturbation-method regime for atom interaction and including spin-orbit effects.']'

Question: Heavy Metal Tolerance and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Strains Isolated From Tannery Effluent

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The pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world along with industrial progress. In the present study, the heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic sensitivity was determined for the bacterial strains isolated from tannery waste water. All the three strains tested were found to exert similar pattern of resistance towards all the heavy metals except chromium where there is very poor growth of all the strains. Pseudomonas aerugunosa and E.coli showed high resistance to cadmium whereas Bacillus subtilis showed high resistance to mercury. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aerugunosa showed resistance to 50% of the antibiotics tested whereas E.Coli showed resistance to 83% of the antibiotics tested. Heavy metal tolerance, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, E.Coli, MTC, MIC, Antibiotic sensitivity

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Nutritional Ecology of Forb Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Insect Folivores of Woody Plants: Nitrogen, Water, Fiber and Mineral Considerations Nutritional Ecology of Grass Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Phytophagous Mites Nutritional Ecology of Lichen/Moss Arthropods Nutritional Ecology of Arthropod Gall-Makers Nutritional Ecology of Bruchid Beetles Nutritional Ecology of Seed-Sucking Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product and House Dust Mites Ecology of Nectar and Pollen Feeding in Lepidoptera.


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Question: Drag pressures of a set of alternating‐polarity magnets over a superconductor tile

Drag pressures of a levitation mechanism are investigated. The levitation mechanism consists of a high‐Tc superconductor tile (type II superconductor) and a set of alternating‐polarity bar magnets of the same size. Relationships of the drag pressure to the distance between the magnets and the superconductor tile and to the width of a bar magnet are investigated. The drag pressure becomes small rapidly with increasing distance. The drag pressure becomes large with the superconductor‐magnets distance decreasing. If the distance is fixed there exist a width of a bar magnet providing a maximum drag pressure. The drag pressure is also measured when the superconductor is moved in the direction of the alternating polarity.

A study has been conducted to evaluate the transfer of electro-magnetic pulses from water dielectric strip transmission lines into a diode insulator stack. The HERMES III Scale Model Experiments (HERMEX) included single-stage diodes as well as multistage models in which a variety of parallel/series combinations of strip transmission lines (strip lines) were used to evaluate the voltage adding efficiency at the diode. A technique has been established to estimate an equivalent shunt impedance across the diode due to the nearby uncharged water volume.


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Question: Propagation of Measles Virus in Suspensions of Human and Monkey Leucocytes.∗

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SummaryMultiplication of measles virus has been demonstrated in suspensions of human and simian blood leucocytes. Under the experimental conditions employed the virus failed to multiply in canine, rabbit, guinea pig, mouse and chicken blood leucocytes. Evidence is presented which indicates that multiplication takes place in mononuclear cells.

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PART I. PRINCIPLES 1. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes 2. Antigens PART II. PROTOCOLS 3. Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization Techniques 4. Solution Hybridization and Blotting Techniques 5. Amplification Methods 6. Flow Cytometry for Antigen Expression PART III. PRACTICE 7. Infectious Diseases 8. Cardiovascular System 9. Lung, Mediastinum, and Pleura 10. Kidney 11. Testes, Bladder, Prostate 12. Digestive System 13. Breast and Female Reproductive Tract 14. Endocrine System 15. Hematologic and Lymphoid System 16. Bones and Soft Tissue 17. Skin 18. Cytopathology APPENDICES


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Question: Survey of Economic Impacts on Residents Caused by Multiple Lifeline Disruptions during a Disaster

Fails of lifeline supplies are triggered by many factors such as natural disasters. Development of their impact assessments and countermeasure methodologies for each trigger are critical tasks in disaster risk management of lifeline systems. Therefore, this paper conducted the CVM type of economic impact survey on local residents, considering the multiple lifeline (electricity, gas, water) disruption scenarios, which is peculiar to the earthquake disaster case. One of the obtained results is that WTP for avoiding all the lifeline disruptions produces larger values than the sum of WTPs for avoiding individual lifeline disruption respectively.

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Proposal For Development Of Artificial Oxygenators For Relief And Treatment Of Chronic Lung Diseases, 1977.


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Question: Journalistic Science Must Stick Firmly to Marxist Viewpoint on Practice

Marxist viewpoint on practice serves as a theoretic basis of journalistic practice. It contributes a lot to the maturity of Marxism and plays an important part in Marx's and Engels' journalistic activities. Socialist journalistic science must stick firmly to Marxist viewpoint on practice, because journalistic practice is a special social practice which is a unity of historicity and actuality.

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I. Public Journalism as a Discourse about "the Media" II. Journalism and the Crisis of Democracy: The U.S. Perspective III. Theory of Public Journalism IV. The Practice of Public Journalism V. Criticism of Public Journalism VI. Public Journalism and the International Debate over Civil Society VII. Perspective VIII. Afterword


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Question: Influence of chemical surface treatment on charge storage stability for miniature Si_3N_4/SiO_2 electret film

The influence of chemical surface treatment on charge stability for miniature Si3N4/SiO2 films was discussed,the inhibit effect of the surface treatment to the lateral diffusion of detrapping charge was investigated.For different chemical reagents,the charge stability and their dynamic of miniature samples after the treatment were studied by comparing the results of surface potential decay under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions between the miniature Si3N4/SiO2 electret film and the bulk film based on silicon.

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Excellent rectifying characteristics are demonstrated in the fab-friendly n-Si/HfO 2 /Ni/TiN devices with rectification ratio of >107 and the driving current of 1mA as a 1D-like selector. The rectified unipolar switching behaviors are demonstrated in the 1D1R cell structured with a diode-like device of n-Si/HfO 2 /Ni/TiN (1D) and a unipolar RRAM of n+-Si/HfO x /Ni/TiN (1R). Based on the measured I–V characteristics, these excellent selection behavior can be implemented in the cross-bar memory array of >64K bits RRAM with large read margin.


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Question: Osteopathic ankle joint complicated fracture treatment fixer

The invention provides an osteopathic ankle joint complicated fracture treatment fixer. A fracture reduction fixer is formed by combining several kinds of apparatuses with different functions together, is a third fixing manner between an orthopedic internal fixation and external fixation, is integrated with functions of traction, reduction, reverse traction and local fixation and longitudinal pressurization, is used for directly fixing a fracture or a bone dislocation in vitro in a minimally invasive manner, and can achieve the goal of restoring body and limb functions. Compared with external fixation by using apparatuses such as splints and gypsum supports, the fixation in this manner is firm and reliable; compared with internal fixation by using apparatuses such as steel plates and intramedullary nails, the damage is small and the risk of wound infection is avoided.

A method for treating a human using thymosin alpha 1 as an irritant Asda spread infected reugil Russ This method is immune received a bone marrow transplant is particularly useful in preventing an infection by Aspergillus in the buffer reugil Russ


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Question: Luminescent characteristics of green emitting Li2Ca2Si2O7:Eu2+ phosphor

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Abstract We present a novel green emitting phosphor of Eu 2+ -doped Li 2 Ca 2 Si 2 O 7 which can be excited by ultra-violet light. The phosphors were synthesized at the low temperature of 900 °C without any impurity phases by a solid-state reaction. The phosphor shows broad green emission centered at 520 nm under excitation at 350 nm. We found in the phosphor that the critical quenching concentration of Eu 2+ and the critical distance of energy transfer between Eu 2+ ions are 0.5 mol% and 56.2 A, respectively. The thermal activation energy of the green luminescence was also measured to be 0.51 eV. The present work suggests that the Li 2 Ca 2 Si 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ phosphor is a kind of potential green-emitting phosphor.

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UV-VUV excitation spectra and emission spectra under UV excitation of SrAl 2B 2O 7:Dy 3+ ,BaAl 2B 2O 7:Dy 3+ ,SrAl 3BO 7:Dy 3+ ,La 2CaB 10 O 19 :Dy 3+ are investigated. Yellow-to-blue intensity ratios ( Y/B ) of Dy 3+ emission in these hosts are discussed. The f-d transition of Dy 3+ , charge transfer state (CTS) and host absorption in VUV excitation spectra are assigned.


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Question: Flame stabilization with a rear-wall-expansion cavity in a supersonic combustor

Abstract We experimentally investigate the rear-wall-expansion cavity, a recent hot flameholder configuration for supersonic combustor in a scramjet engine. Two cavities with different rear-wall-expansion ratios and a conventional cavity are separately employed to stabilize the ethylene jet combustion under the Ma = 2.92 air inflow. Flame luminosity, CH spontaneous emission and OH-PLIF (planar laser-induced fluorescence) are captured to compare the three cavities in terms of flame holding capability and flame structure. The results show that the cavity rear-wall height can drastically affect the flame stabilization and the existence of geometric limit is proven. Under a high equivalence ratio, a rear-wall-expansion cavity helps to relieve the intensive reaction in the combustor and thus prevents combustion mode transition.

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Results are reported for an experimental investigation of the transition flow region in a free axisymmetric jet of incompressible viscous fluid ejected from a profiled nozzle and long cylindrical tube.


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Question: Cavity model method based with gradient current distribution along the via for power integrity simulation

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Cavity model is one of the key computational models for power distribution network simulation. However, the conventional cavity model assumes uniform current distribution along the via and its accuracy is limited to the coupling of close-placed vias. This paper presents an improved cavity model based with gradient current distribution assumption. The loop inductance and surface current distribution are simulated by the proposed cavity model. The comparison between improved and original models is employed to demonstrate the advantage of proposed model.

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Point matching method calculation of cut-off frequencies and field configurations of waveguides with general cross section


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Question: Subcarrier Block Power Control for Adaptive Downlink OFDM with Frequency Spreading and Equalization

In this paper, we propose the transmit power controlled adaptive downlink frequency symbol spreading OFDM (TPC-AMS/FSS-OFDM) system. In the TPC-AMS/FSS-OFDM, each serial to parallel (S/P) transformed signal is spread by orthogonal spreading codes and combined in the transmitter, so the detected signals obtain the same SINR for each frequency symbol spreading block in the receiver. In this case, we can assign the same modulation level and transmit power for each frequency symbol spreading block for next transmission. Thus, the proposed system not only increases throughput performance but also reduces the total transmit power, FBI and MLI.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Designing a C/M Scheme: The Gaussian Channel Perspective Wireless Channel: A New Perspective Flat Independent Fading Channel Block-Fading Channel Interference-Limited Channel Conclusions This chapter contains sections titled: References


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Question: Effect of protein restriction of Angus cows during late gestation: Subsequent reproductive performance and milk yield

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ABSTRACT The effect of level of CP fed during late gestation on reproductive performance and milk production was studied in multiparous cows. Sixty-eight pregnant Angus cows were used. At 121 d prepartum, cows were blocked by BW (409 ± 57 kg) and expected calving date, randomly assigned to a low-protein (LP = 6% CP) or high-protein diet (HP = 12% CP), and allocated to 12 pens per treatment. After parturition, all cows were managed in a single group until weaning. Body weight and BCS were determined at the start of the experiment, at calving, and at weaning. Nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, IGF-1, and glucose were determined every 24 d prepartum and nonesterified fatty acids and glucose every 38 d postpartum. Progesterone was quantified weekly to indicate luteal activity and estimate interval to first estrus. Milk production was measured until weaning. The HP cows had greater BW gain during the prepartum period (P

Abstract The litter performance of 48 Large White × Berkshire sows mated to half-sib Berkshire boars was measured over three reproductive cycles. At first mating, animals were allocated to four dietary treatments according to mating weight and ultrasonically determined backfat cover. The four treatments were factorial, involving two levels of feed intake of either an all-meal control ration or a combination of meal and pasture herbage. The higher level of feeding increased both live litter weights and numbers in Parity 1. At the higher feeding level heavier live litter weights were found in all parities only after litter weights were adjusted for differences in the number of pigs. Increases in average piglet birth weight due to the level of feeding were 0.09, 0.14, and 0.18 kg approximately, in Parities 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Despite differences in average piglet birth weight, no difficulty was found in rearing the pigs even at the lower feeding level. At 4 weeks of age heavier and larger litters resul...


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Question: A nested case-control study of uterine prolapse.

A nested case-control study was conducted to detect risk factors for periparturient uterine prolapse. Records from 4173 lactations were collected for 5 years from 17 Holstein dairies in the vicinity of Cornell University. Logistic regression was used to model the risk factors for uterine prolapse. Milk fever, dystocia, sex of the calf, and stillbirth were examined as potential risk factors. There was no confounding or effect modification by season of calving and parity. The incidence rate for uterine prolapse was 0.6%. Dystocia and milk fever increased the risk of uterine prolapse five and three times, respectively.

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The provided query could be "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The present invention relates to a device in a method for measuring a spectrum of a light emitted from a light source for analyzing radiation (S). The radiation (S) from an entry gap (5) by means of a diffraction grating (3) to a receiver portion (1) is diverted and divided in terms of the spectrum. For effective reduction of scattered radiation is proposed, at least one inner wall of a housing (G) to avoid stray radiation to provide such absorbent and / or by the receiver portion (1) wegreflektierend.']" and the positive "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!', 'Device and method for reduction of scattered radiation in spectrometers using internal walls']"

Cyproterone acetate versus a continuous monophasic oral contraceptive in the treatment of recurrent pelvic pain after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis Metformin therapy improves ovulatory rates, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome Association of thrombocytopenia and delivery method with intraventricular hemorrhage among very-low-birth-weight infants Randomized trial of concurrent oxytocin with a sustained-release dinoprostone vaginal insert for labor induction at term Factors associated with an increased risk of prevalent and incident grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer among women with Papanicolaou tests classified as grades I or II cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Adverse perinatal outcomes are significantly higher in severe gestational hypertension than in mild preeclampsia Risk of Uterine Rupture during Labor among Women with a Prior Cesarean Delivery


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Question: Certification Testing: A Procedure to Improve the Quality of Software Testing

Here is a presently operational plan to improve the quality of program testing. After all programs are tested alone, an independent quality control staff uses automated tools to certify that minimum testing criteria have been met.

Introduction. LSA and Related Management Processes. Preparing LSA RFP and Contract Requirements. Executing the LSA Tasks. Modeling. Management.


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Question: Sequence and peptide-binding motif for a variant of HLA-A*0214 (A*02142) in an HIV-1-resistant individual from the Nairobi Sex Worker cohort

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As part of the ongoing study of natural HIV-1 resistance in the women of the Nairobi Sex Workers' study, we have examined a resistance-associated HLA class I allele at the molecular level. Typing by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers determined that this molecule is closely related to HLA-A*0214, one of a family of HLA-A2 supertype alleles which correlate with HIV-1 resistance in this population. Direct nucleotide sequencing shows that this molecule differs from A*0214, having a silent nucleotide substitution. We therefore propose to designate it HLA-A*02142. We have determined the peptide-binding motif of HLA-A*0214/02142 by peptide elution and bulk Edman degradative sequencing. The resulting motif, X-[Q,V]-X-X-X-K-X-X-[V,L], includes lysine as an anchor at position 6. The data complement available information on the peptide-binding characteristics of this molecule, and will be of use in identifying antigenic peptides from HIV-1 and other pathogens.

One nucleotide substitution at codon 152 of HLA-B*58:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-B*58:19.


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Question: A Study for Performance Enhancement of Side Jet using a Ramp

An experimental and computational study has been performed for investigation of the jet interaction in supersonic flow with a ramp located behind a sonic, lateral jet. The experimental techniques include schlieren, pressure taps, and Pressure Sensitive Paint. The numerical solver used in this study is AeroSoft`s structured flow solver GASP Version 4.0. A Mach 4 crossflow with a pressure ratio of 532, and the 3D ramp was designed by parametric study using GASP. The results showed that the ramp located downstream of the jet decrese the nose-down pitching moment by 70% without a force loss.

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Experimental Studies Were Carried Out With Ejectors Having 2D And Multi Jet Nozzles To Determine If They Could Be Adopted To Drive A Low Speed Tunnel .A Model Tunnel Was Constructed And Results Obtained From Different Ejector Configurations Have Been Compared. ::: ::: The Study Suggests That An Annular Ejector Is Promising As A Candidate Configuration For Further Work Leading To An Application As A Wind Tunnel Drive.


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Question: Patterns In Bronchiectasis, An Analysis Of 449 Patients

Initial Symptoms, clinical patterns, functional disability and follow-up of 449 patients with bronchiectasis are described. 3.1% had normal plain skiagram chest 59.6% had moderate and 12.7% had severe functional limpairment. 41.6% showed more than 10% increase in post bronchodilation FEV1. Surgical resection showed clinical improvement in 72.6%. In resected specimens tuberculosis was found in 8%.

Proposal For Development Of Artificial Oxygenators For Relief And Treatment Of Chronic Lung Diseases, 1977.


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Question: AC erase head for cassette recorder

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A 70 dB erase ratio, the minimum practical for metal tapes, was obtained with ac erase magnetic heads of audio compact cassette recorders. Prerequisites for obtaining this level were the prevention of a "re-recording effect" and the selection of a gap configuration that would generate a highly efficient erase field. The relation between the erase effect and gap length has been clarified by the use of the finite element method; the number, depth, and length of the gaps have been determined. A practical design method for erase heads is also described.

The article displays the discerning principle of H4001 untouched ID card.It also introduces the circuit of lowcost RFID card and the decoding way of Manchester Code.


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Question: Mix proportion and properties of fire-resistant wet-mixed high-strength polypropylene fiber-reinforced sprayed polymer cement composites

Abstract This study examined the optimal mix proportions and performance of a fire-resistant wet-mixed high-strength fiber-reinforced polymer cement composite that enhances the fire-resistance of underground structures. A mix ratio was determined through preliminary tests to satisfy the target compressive strength and maintain the minimum thermal conductivity. A mix with 10% silica fume, 30% perlite replacement ratios and 0.2% of polypropylene fiber satisfied the desired standards. The polymer cement composite had high compressive, flexural, and bond strengths of approximately 40, 5, and 1.6 MPa, which are sufficient for the surface pressures encountered in road and railway tunnels.

This paper presents a minimum cost design procedure for precast structural sandwich panels made of HPC (high-performance concrete—i.e. high-strength and fibre-reinforced) faces and a pumice aggrega...


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Question: Serbia and Montenegro Union: Background and Pending Dissolution

On May 21, 2006, Montenegro held a long-awaited referendum on independence. Serbia and Montenegro were the last remnants of the former Yugoslavia to exist in a common state. They formed a new, highly decentralized state union under an agreement brokered by the EU in 2002-2003, which allowed for either republic to hold a referendum after three years. Serbia's political leaders supported continuation of the union but recognized the referendum outcome. The impending dissolution of the Serbia and Montenegro union comes at the same time as the international community is conducting talks on the future status of Kosovo, a disputed province in Serbia.

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Spanish Glossary Preface Introduction: Conceptual Framework The Impact of External Actors U.S. Involvement in Chile Other Actors in the International System The Impact of Domestic Actors Interest Groups Chilean Military: The Threat From Within Political Opposition: Gradual Legitimation of the Coup Political Structure The Economic Dimension: The Limits to Change Problems Within the Decision-Making Elite The Decision-Making Elite: A Disunited Popular Unity The Burden of Allende: Misperception of Political Reality Coupled with Ideological Divisionism Within the Coalition Crisis Behavior Pre-Crisis Period The Crisis Period Conclusion Selected Bibliography List of Newspapers, Wire Services, and Periodicals Index


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Question: Design & Simulation of 11-level Cascaded H-bridge Grid-tied Inverter for the application of Solar Panels

This paper presents, the design and simulation of 11-level Cascaded H-bridge DC-AC Grid-tied Inverter for the application of solar panels. A 200w solar panel connected to each inverter bridge. OPALRT lab was used as the hardware in the loop (HIL) real-time control system platform where a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm was implemented based on the inverter output power to assure optimal operation of the inverter when connected to the power grid as well as a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for phase and frequency match. A novel SPWM scheme is proposed in this paper to be used with the solar panels that can account for voltage profile fluctuations among the panels during the day. The experiment is clearly verified with simulation results.

This work presents a novel Model Predictive Hysteresis Current Control scheme for Synchronous Reluctance machine.


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Question: Implementing quantum genetic algorithms: a solution based on Grover's algorithm

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title The provided query could be "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'Language models based on recurrent neural networks have dominated recent image caption generation tasks. In this paper, we introduce a language CNN model which is suitable for statistical language modeling tasks and shows competitive performance in image captioning. In contrast to previous models which predict next word based on one previous word and hidden state, our language CNN is fed with all the previous words and can model the long-range dependencies in history words, which are critical for image captioning. The effectiveness of our approach is validated on two datasets: Flickr30K and MS COCO. Our extensive experimental results show that our method outperforms the vanilla recurrent neural network based language models and is competitive with the state-of-the-art methods.']" and the positive "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'An Empirical Study of Language CNN for Image Captioning']"

This paper presents a new methodology for running Genetic Algorithms on a Quantum Computer. To the best of our knowledge and according to reference [6]there are no feasible solutions for the implementation of the Quantum Genetic Algorithms (QGAs). We present a new perspective on how to build the corresponding QGA architecture. It turns out that the genetic strategy is not particularly helpful in our quantum computation approach; therefore our solution consists of designing a special-purpose oracle that will work with a modified version of an already known algorithm (maximum finding [1]), in order to reduce the QGAs to a Grover search. Quantum computation offers incentives for this approach, due to the fact that the qubit representation of the chromosome can encode the entire population as a superposition of basis-state values.

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This paper deals with computation over dynamical analog systems, exploring applications of chaos. The dynamical system used is an artificial neural network model that can code any symbolic algorithm. Herein, we propose the integration of chaotic dynamics onto this model, to implement computational tasks, namely, a blind search algorithm and a pseudo-random number generator.