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Question: Offshore Jurisdictions And Tax Evasion In Romania

Tax is the price of civilization.Tax havens are the price of globalization. By using tax havens ,we demonstrate how to avoid payment of taxes through legal methods of tax evasion. The most important advantage gained by offshore companies is an attractive tax due - "low tax" or "no tax". There are other arguments in favor of offshore companies - confidentiality guaranteed for the final beneficiaries - owners, flexibility in the management, readiness with which such companies can be established. This will lead to increase social inequitable social as well as deeping economic-financial crisis.

Lobbying Towards a Global Standard-Setter A Fair Go for Fair Value The Behavior Modification Impact of International Accounting Standards on Decision-Making and Risk Management Fair Value-The Basis of International Financial Reporting Standards Fair Value Accounting under IAS/IFRS: Concepts, Reasons, Criticisms Adopting and Implementing International Financial Reporting Standards in Transition Economies International Convergence A Meta-National Perspective on Accounting and Auditing in Nonprofit Organizations How About Performance Audits For Public Companies


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Question: The Poet and The King—Shakespeare's Political Wisdom from His Julius Caesar

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Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar not only achieved his artistic attainments but also represented his great political wisdom. In his play, Shakespeare first gave the hint that the change of Caesar from a “man” to a “God” had a fearing impact upon his characters and Roman political situation. Since Caesar's political success was achieved by a series of artifices in both just and underhand, great and dangerous ways, Brutus and Cassius, two “noble citizens”, were praiseworthy their necessary fight against Caesar's tyranny. However, their political naiveness and indiscreet strategy led to the failure of their political goal n murdering Caesar. Shakepeare, therefore, emphasized that “state” was often a mixture of high charcters and low humanity and politicians hsould understand the better realistic practice of universal ethics and principles.

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Introduction: Literary Persuasions 1. Byron's Hearing 2. An Audience with Dickens 3. Tennyson and Sound Judgement 4. Joyce's Breathing Space Coda: An Eyed Ear


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Question: General purpose program to generate compatibility matrix for the integrated force method

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E.g. ['represent this text', 'There are still stable foundations for the existence of folk custom as conventional civilian rules.The judicial application of folk custom is favorable for the solution to dispute and conflict and the promotion of social harmony.Folk customs which are applied in law must be good,and are effectively used in the mediation during the litigation procedure.Folk custom should be applied with the help of active justice and according to legal methods.Meanwhile,we should try to find possible room for folk custom from statute and pay attention to the reference value of judicial cases guiding system on the judicial application of folk custom.Within the framework of the existing law,there are insurmountable difficulties for the judicial application of folk custom in the aspect of the system.Therefore,breakthrough in theory and innovation in system are essential for the practice of the value of folk custom in the judicial application.'] == ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!', 'The Judicial Application of Folk Customs: Path and Direction']

THE novel formulation termed the "integrated force method" (IFM) has been established in recent years for analysis, and design of structures. In the integrated force method of analysis, a structure idealized by finite elements is designated as "structure (n,m)" where (n,m) are the force and displacement degrees of freedoms of the discrete model, respectively. The structure (n,m) has m equilibrium equations and r= (n — m) compatibility conditions. The generation of the equilibrium equation is straightforward. The generation of the compatibility condition is intricate.

This work demonstrate algorithm invented for software realization at Windows PC, and demonstrate principles of E1 stream synchronization handling particular for fractional E1 to.


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Question: Nonequilibrium flow through porous thermal protection materials, Part I: Numerical methods

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• Direct simulation Monte Carlo techniques are developed for nonequilibrium flow through porous thermal protection materials.

The technique of High-Resolution Modeling of Thin Films is combined with a two-scale analysis to formulate the Compressible Narrow Groove Analysis. The data bank of Fukui and Kaneko (1990) is emulated in the form of an empirical formula to treat the state of arbitrary rarefaction of the gas film. Due to its transcendental character, the compressible fine-scale solution is treated on the fly as a part of the global-scale computation. Derivations for the Compressible Narrow Groove Analysis are presented here. In a companion paper (Pan, 1998), the Compressible Narrow Groove Analysis is used to compute the pressure field of a spherical device operating in both the pressurizing and evacuating modes.


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Question: Conversational Control Interface to Facilitate Situational Understanding in a City Surveillance Setting

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In this paper we explore the use of a conversational interface to query a decision support system pro- viding information relating to a city surveillance setting. Specifically, we focus on how the use of a Controlled Natural Language (CNL) can provide a method for processing natural language queries whilst also tracking the context of the conversation with relation to past utterances. Ultimately, we pro- pose our conversational approach leads to a versa- tile tool for providing decision support with a low enough learning curve such that untrained users can operate it either within a central command location or when operating within the field (at the tactical edge). The key contribution of this paper is an il- lustration of applied concepts of CNLs as well as furthering the art of conversational context tracking whilst using such a technique. Keywords: Natural Language Processing (NLP), Conversational Systems, Situational Understanding

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"['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'In this paper we argue that human rights approaches for intellectually disabled people have failed to recognise the complexity of rights claims made by and on behalf of this group. Drawing on a research project into discourses of education for intellectually disabled people in the Eastern Cape, South Africa we discern three rights discourses; namely, rights to full participation, rights to special services and rights to protection. These draw off a social model, a medical model and a protective model, respectively. We note that these discourses may be set up in contestation with each other. However, we argue that they can be seen as complementary if viewed within an ethics of care that enables participation. Within this conceptualisation, participation is viewed within relations of care but is subject to a critique that examines the role of context and disciplinary power in constructing dependency.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Rights discourses in relation to education of people with intellectual disability: towards an ethics of care that enables participation']"

1. An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems and Participatory Geographical Information Science 2. A Micro-Macro Framework for Participatory Decision Situations 3. Methods and Tools for Participatory Spatial Decision Support 4. Social Behavioural Research Strategies for Investigating the Use of Participatory Geographical Information Systems 5. Collaborative Spatial Decision Making in Primary Health Care Management 6. Transportation Improvement Program Decision Making 7. Collaborative Decision Making About Habitat Restoration 8. Conclusions and Prospects for Future Research


Question: The Interactive Feature of Modern Sports as a Medium

With the large-scale sports competitions like Olympic Games an d the So ccer World Cup as discussed cases, the interactive feature of modern sports as a medium were analyzed in this article. For those business firms, enterprises, or ganizations and even governments, sports competitions are attractive mediums wit h the most ideal functions of media.

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Contents: Virtual Worlds - History of Virtual Worlds - Virtual Worlds and Language Learning Theory - Varieties of Virtual World Environments - Language Learning in Second Life.


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Question: Hand Shape Representations in the Human Posterior Parietal Cortex

Humans shape their hands to grasp, manipulate objects, and to communicate. From nonhuman primate studies, we know that visual and motor properties for grasps can be derived from cells in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Are non-grasp-related hand shapes in humans represented similarly? Here we show for the first time how single neurons in the PPC of humans are selective for particular imagined hand shapes independent of graspable objects. We find that motor imagery to shape the hand can be successfully decoded from the PPC by implementing a version of the popular Rock-Paper-Scissors game and its extension Rock-Paper-Scissors-Lizard-Spock. By simultaneous presentation of visual and auditory cues, we can discriminate motor imagery from visual information and show differences in auditory and visual information processing in the PPC. These results also demonstrate that neural signals from human PPC can be used to drive a dexterous cortical neuroprosthesis.

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* Introduction to the Nervous System* Development of the Nervous System* Gross Anatomy and General Organization of the CNS* Meningeal Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord* Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid* Blood Supply of the Brain* Electrical Signaling by Neurons* Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons* Sensory Receptors and Peripheral Nervous System* Spinal Cord* Organization of the Brainstem* Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei* The Chemical Senses of Taste and Smell* Hearing and Balance: The Eighth Cranial nerve* Atlas of the Human Brainstem* The Thalamus and Internal Capsule* The Visual System* Overview of Motor Systems* Basal Ganglia* Cerebellum* Control of Eye Movements* Cerebral Cortex* The Hypothalamus and Limbic System Comprehensive Questions Answers to Questions Blank Drawings


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Question: Use of the Venner A P Advance Video Laryngoscope for Awake Intubation in a Patient with a Fused Cervical Spine

Summary An 80 year old, ASA 2, female patient presented for excision of her upper three thoracic spinous processes. Her airway management was predicted to be difficult due to a fixed flexion deformity of the cervical spine from previous cervical fusion surgery. An awake intubation was successfully performed under local anaesthesia and conscious sedation using the Venner AP advance video laryngoscope.

Abstract : Contents: Historical Perspective; Treatment Goals; Anatomic Illustrations; Early Care; Triage and Patient Evaluation; Hypovolemic Shock Presurgical Considerations; Surgical Management; Care at Intermediate Facilities, Late Care (Reconstruction-Rehabilitation); Bone Graft Reconstruction; Preprosthetic Surgery; Case Reports; and Research in Acquired Craniofacial Disfigurement.


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Question: Intramolecular Long-Distance Electron Transfer and Triplet Energy Transfer. Photophysical and Photochemical Studies on a Norbornadiene−Steroid−Benzidine System

A bichromophoric compound 3β-((2-(methoxycarbonyl)bicyclo-[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-3-yl)carboxy)androst-5-en-17β-yl-2,2‘,6,6‘,N,N,N‘,N‘ heptamethylbenzidine (N−S−B) was synthesized, and its photochemistry was examined by using both steady-state and time-resolved techniques. Intramolecular electron transfer from the singlet excited state of benzidine to the norbornadiene chromophore in N−S−B occurs with efficiency (ΦET ) of ca. 12% and rate constant (kSET) of ca. 1.1 × 107 s-1, resulting in the singlet radical ion pair 1(N•-−S−B•+) followed by intersystem crossing to the triplet state 3(N•-−S−B•+). Recombination of 3(N•-−S−B•+) yields triplet norbornadiene group. The efficiency (φRIPISC·φRIPRC) of the formation of the triplet norbornadiene from the radical ion pair is ca. 17%. The singlet excited state of benzidine group in N−S−B undergoes intersystem crossing to its triplet state with efficiency (ΦISC) of ca. 56%. Intramolecular triplet energy transfer leading to the formation of the triplet norbornadiene c...

Perspectives and Summary 227 Structure 228 Reductases 230 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formaldehyde ...... 233 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formate 240 Reaction of the One-Carbon Unit at the Methyl Leve/ of Oxidation 244 Pterin-Dependent Hydraxy/ations 245


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Question: Case study illustrations of a scorecard to measure IT strategy improvements in UK SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a means of measuring information technology (IT) strategy improvements in small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal study of eight SMEs was carried out over a two‐year period, applying an IT development scorecard which uses a Likert scale to measure changes during the study period.Findings – The paper finds that seven of the eight companies assessed during the period of the study showed improvements in their IT development, with only one company showing negligible improvement. The company that made negligible improvement went into receivership 12 months after completion of the study.Research limitations/implications – The key limitations were that only eight companies were prepared to participate fully in the study, and the diversity of type of company was large. Future research should include a larger sample size and use of companies from within the same industry/sector.Practical implications – The scorecard...

This article aims to examine, what are the factors that affect learning processes throughout performance management in the organization, using lessons from the literature and particularly the practice of knowledge management and the results of a qualitative analysis as these revealed from the interview of executive members of Greek companies.


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Question: Trends in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma) in Canada

Background:Despite its increased incidence and status as the most prevalent cancer in Canada, there is a paucity of epidemiological data on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).Objective:To assess trends of keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) in Canada over 5 decades.Methods:Articles published from 1960 to 2015 on NMSC in Canada were identified through MEDLINE. Six articles met our search criteria.Results:Overall, KC has increased. However, the rate of increase in the past decade has slowed down and decreased in younger age cohorts. Men had higher incidences of KC. In both sexes, the basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma ratio was ≥2.5:1. Keratinocyte carcinomas were most commonly located on the head and neck, and increasing rates are occurring on the trunk.Limitations:The methods of registering skin cancer cases vary among different provinces.Conclusion:Keratinocyte carcinomas incidence is overall increasing; however, there may be evidence that the incidence is leveling off and decreasing in younger age c...

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PART I. PRINCIPLES 1. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes 2. Antigens PART II. PROTOCOLS 3. Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization Techniques 4. Solution Hybridization and Blotting Techniques 5. Amplification Methods 6. Flow Cytometry for Antigen Expression PART III. PRACTICE 7. Infectious Diseases 8. Cardiovascular System 9. Lung, Mediastinum, and Pleura 10. Kidney 11. Testes, Bladder, Prostate 12. Digestive System 13. Breast and Female Reproductive Tract 14. Endocrine System 15. Hematologic and Lymphoid System 16. Bones and Soft Tissue 17. Skin 18. Cytopathology APPENDICES


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Question: Older People's Reasoning About Age-Related Prioritization in Health Care

The aim of this study was to describe the reasoning of people aged 60 years and over about prioritization in health care with regard to age and willingness to pay. Healthy people (n = 300) and people receiving continuous care and services (n = 146) who were between 60 and 101 years old were interviewed about their views on prioritization in health care. The transcribed interviews were analysed using manifest and latent qualitative content analysis. The participants' reasoning on prioritization embraced eight categories: feeling secure and confident in the health care system; being old means low priority; prioritization causes worries; using underhand means in order to be prioritized; prioritization as a necessity; being averse to anyone having precedence over others; having doubts about the distribution of resources; and buying treatment requires wealth.

Perspectives on Learning Disabilities Not Measuring Up - Being Labelled Learning Disabled Managing School and College Getting Along Socially Managing the Workplace Changing the Learning Disabilities Emphasis.


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Question: The Helen E. Band Collection of First Nations Art : From the Permanent Collection of the Thunder Bay Art Gallery

In this catalogue to accompany a touring exhibition of selected works from the Helen E. Band Collection, Clark describes the Thunder Bay Art Gallery's collecting policy, and considers Band's impact on the contemporary First Nations artists whose works she admired. Tom and Richard Hill discuss political aspects of selected works, while highlighting Morrisseau's influence on the Woodland School of painters. List of works. 2 bibl. ref.

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Provided: "['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The detection of defective parts in a factory is usually performed by the human eye. Therefore, heavy manpower is in demand for minor enterprises. An image processing system is desired to solve this drawback. However, due to the variety of the products characteristics, an general algorithm is needed that can adapt to these characteristics. Therefore, in this paper, the key pad parts’ characteristics which need to be dealt with are analyzed in order to embody the image processing algorithm that is suggested. The experimental results show the probability of detecting a defective part is 95% with a detection time of 0.203 seconds, on the average.']" Match: "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'The Visual Inspection of Key Pad Parts Using a Fuzzy Binarization Algorithm']"

A guide about the Bill Howard Collection of rare books that was donated by his estate to the Dr. John Archer Library.


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Question: Formulation of Division Operators in Fuzzy Relational Databases

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Division operators are formulated in the fuzzy relational database based on possibility and necessity measures, where attribute values are expressed by possibility distributions. We formulate division operators from considering the following items: 1. Membership attribute values of tuples in relations, 2. Resemblance degrees between elements in domains, 3. Imprecise attribute values. For the last item, we extend the division operator by considering possible values. When an imprecise attribute value is expressed by a possibility distribution, the most fundamental component is possible values. We cannot obtain correct results of division operators if possible values obtained from the possibility distribution are not considered.

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1. Spatially Mobilized Plane (SMP) and SMP Criterion 2. Introduction to Cam-Clay Model 3. The Cam-Clay Model Revised by the SMP Criterion 4. Elastoplastic Constitutive Models for Geomaterials using Transformed Stress 5. Concluding Remarks


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Question: Attosecond X-ray pulse obtained from linear Thomson scattering

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Linear Thomson scattering by a relativistic electron of a short pulse laser has been investigated by computer simulation. Under a laser field with a pulse of 33.3-fs full-width at half-maximum, and the initial energy of an electron of gamma(0) = 10, the motion of the electron is relativistic and generates an ultrashort radiation of 76-as with a photon wave length of 2.5-nm in the backward scattering. The radiation under a high relativistic energy electron has better characteristic than under a low relativistic energy electron in terms of the pulse width and the angular distribution. (c) 2005 Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved.

A comparison of electron beam size diagnostic in a storage ring by coherence measurement and imaging of Synchrotron radiation is made. Several experiments are reviewed: imaging by hard X-ray refractive lenses, interferometry by fresnel mirrors, Gabor holography of a fiber.


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Question: Identification of azimuthal light scattering signatures to selectively track changes in subnuclear refractive index profile of epithelial cell models

We construct stochastically inhomogeneous epithelial cell models via simulation of Gaussian random fields; the extent and correlation length of subnuclear refractive index fluctuations are based on values quantified from high-resolution images of cervical tissue. We then employ the finite-difference time-domain method to simulate azimuth-resolved light scattering patterns of the constructed models. We process these two-dimensional patterns and calculate a series of Haralick features with the ultimate goal of identifying signatures that directly point to changes in subnuclear refractive index profile. Our results show that azimuthal contrast calculated over specific angular ranges is highly sensitive to the extent and correlation length of refractive index fluctuations. This metric is insensitive to changes in the overall size and mean refractive index of the constructed models, thereby allowing for selective tracking of changes in subnuclear refractive index variations.

Elastin and collagen are abundant fibrous molecules in the stroma. Tumor cells invading the stroma are in contact with fibers of both types much of the time. Both may serve as footholds for the traction required for movement. Elastin has an additional role. Elastin peptides are known to stimulate receptor signaling and chemotaxis, which could explain the morphometric changes (membrane and organelle polarization and cell volume shrinkage) that we have reported for certain tumor cell lines invading elastic lamina. Elastin and its peptides emerge as possible invasion enhancers for some tumor cells. In ongoing work we are screening human tumors that contact elastin (e.g., breast carcinomas) to see if the presence of elastin receptors correlates with early dissemination of metastatic tumor cells.


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Question: Master thesis students in the video game industry

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EA DICE has a long history of offering master thesis positions to students at Swedish universities, and in this presentation we want to share what weve learned over the years. Systems such as the Ocean simulation, Destruction and Linear Media Streaming have all been the result of thesis work at EA DICE. This talk focuses on organizational aspects surrounding the actual work, without going into any details regarding specific projects. It will however include both advice for universities to make their students more attractive to a company, as well as for companies to make sure assignments end up being mutually satisfactory for all parties.

Introduction and discussion of current issues at the meeting on geographical information systems.


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Question: Specific features of pharmaceuticals marketing mix

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The four marketing mix instruments – product, pricing, placement, i.e. marketing channels and promotion – are some of the most familiar marketing concepts. Marketing mix has survived, in its given form, both in academic circles and as a practical guide to design an offer on a specific market. Although the academic discourse is not over (which, actually, should never happen), the traditional marketing mix concept will be used here in an attempt to point at how the specific features of pharmaceutical market, and the specific features of the product itself (primarily bearing in mind ethical drugs) reflects on the conventional marketing practices.

The article deals with topical problems of healthcare for workers in Russian Federation and objectives of occupational pathology service.


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Question: Modification to Synthesis of Methyl Diantilis

After we published the “Synthesis of Methyl Diantilis, a Commercially Important Fragrance,”we encountered a problem with the catalyst, Amberlyst-15, used in the second step. A revised laboratory procedure has replaced the original supplement available at JCE Online.

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Theethylene-forming enzyme(EFE), which catalyzes thelast step Inthebiosynthesis oftheplant hormone ethylene, hasnever beenprifeandnomo ur probe are available. Recendy, apuctave DNAconefortomato EFE (pTOM13) hasbeenItfd byInhibtig ethylene synthesis with anantisense geneexpressIn plants. Adirect


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Question: Open-circuit Potentials Established on Platinum and Gold Electrodes in PtCl2–4 Solutions After the Displacement of Copper Adatoms

The steady-state potentials E st established on Pt and Au upon the substitution of platinum for Cuad are shown to be determined by adsorbed oxygen (OH ads ).

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) under expected utility and rank-dependent utility assumptions

Synchronizable clock with a mechanical resonator as regulator, especially receiver clocks synchronized by wireless signals and synchronous clocks driven by alternating current having a mechanical regulator forming a principal part of a running reserve. A coupling is provided between the resonator and the hand mechanism, which only transmits one half of the counting impulses. There is also a regulating mechanism which is connectable to the resonator and which alters the spring force in the resonator according to intensity and position in proportion to the oscillating masses in such a manner that a reversal of the motion of the oscillating masses occurs in the region of the normal dead center.

A key issue in health state valuation modelling is the choice of functional form. The two most frequently used preference based instruments adopt different approaches; one based on multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT), the other on statistical analysis. There has been no comparison of these alternative approaches in the context of health economics. We report a comparison of these approaches for the health utilities index mark 2. The statistical inference model predicts more accurately than the one based on MAUT. We discuss possible explanations for the differences in performance, the importance of the findings, and implications for future research.


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Question: The single-server Markovian overflow queue with balking, reneging and an additional server for longer queues

The aim of this paper is to treat an analytical explicit solution of the moments of a system of an overflow queue (M/M/1/k, M/M/∞), with the balking, reneging and an additional server for longer queues. An explicit solution for M(1), M(2) and M(l) is given. Finally, we deduce some particular cases for the two systems (M/M/1/k, M/M/∞) and (M/M/2/k, M/M/∞).

The reliability of a hot-standby system with 2 identically distributed s-dependent units and a general Erlang failure time distribution is analysed.


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Question: Preliminary Findings of a Previously Unrecognized Porcine Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder

Weaned pigs from a line bred for increased feed efficiency were enrolled in a study of the role of host genes in the response to infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV). Four of the pigs were euthanatized early in the study due to weight loss with illness and poor body condition; 2 pigs before PRRSV infection and the other 2 pigs approximately 2 weeks after virus inoculation. The 2 inoculated pigs failed to produce PRRSV-specific antibodies. Gross findings included pneumonia, absence of a detectable thymus, and small secondary lymphoid tissues. Histologically, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and Peyer’s patches were sparsely cellular with decreased to absent T and B lymphocytes.

Management of Bleeding Using Recombinant Factor VIIa in a Patient Suffering from Bleeding Tendency due to a Lupus Anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia Syndrome -


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Question: saturable absorbent material has the wavelength of 1.315 micron

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This material consists of a solution of the compound bis(4-diethylaminodithiobenzyl)nickel in tetrahydrothiophene. It may be used for blocking the modes of a cavity of an iodine laser.

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Use of infrared spectroscopy to investigate systems with an absorptive index 0.004 0.4. Materials for which k2 lies in the region 0 < k2 < 0.4 yield reflection spectra of insufficient contrast.


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Question: Optimization of furfural production from D-xylose with formic acid as catalyst in a reactive extraction system.

Furfural is one of the most promising platform chemicals derived from biomass. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to determine four important parameters including reaction temperature (170-210°C), formic acid concentration (5-25 g/L), o-nitrotoluene volume percentage (20-80 vt.%), and residence time (40-200 min). The maximum furfural yield of 74% and selectivity of 86% were achieved at 190°C for 20 g/L formic acid concentration and 75 vt.% o-nitrotoluene by 75 min. The high boiling solvent, o-nitrotoluene, was recommended as extraction solvent in a reactive extraction system to obtain high furfural yield and reduce furfural-solvent separation costs. Although the addition of halides to the xylose solutions enhanced the furfural yield and selectivity, the concentration of halides was not an important factor on the furfural yield and selectivity.

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of methyl acetate was measured in a batch stirred reactor with SK-1A cation exchange resin as catalyst, and the reaction rate data concerned with catalyst concentration can be obtained.And the macro-kinetics of the hydrolysis of methyl acetate was determined under simulating the operative condition of catalytic distillation column in a batch cycling reactor.


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Question: Measurement of oil film thickness in diesel motor main bearings: implementation of the method and experimental results

SUMMARY In this paper, we outline the design and use of a reluctance technique for determining oil film thickness in diesel engine main bearings. We also present some experimental results obtained on a 4 stroke 4 cylinder 630 kW diesel engine. The sensors had to work at pressures up to 50 MPa and temperatures around 100 C. Oil film thickness sensors, pressure transducers and thermocouples were inserted in the shell bearing core. It was so possible to equip the engine with an instrumented bearing replacing an existing bearing. In conclusion, the method proved to be operationnal. These trials were able to give us information on a©tual bearing behaviourin industrial conditions. The method can thus be used by constructors to improve their mathematical approach.

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The paper reports the results of low pressure experiments designed to validate the mechanism and comparison of model results with experiment


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Question: Shear-Driven Flow in a Porous Cavity

The shear-driven cavity flow is studied when the cavity is assumed to contain a porous material. A finite difference solution is obtained for the flow in a rectangular cavity for various cavity aspect ratios and permeability values. The effect of these parameters on the flow, and in particular on the development of corner eddies is illustrated.

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This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: The mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers and effective electron densities for GAGG:Ce and CaMoO4 scintillators

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In this study, the mass attenuation coefficient (μm), the effective atomic number (Zeff) and the effective electron density (Neff) of Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce (GAGG) and CaMoO4 scintillators were measured at different gamma ray energies. The samples were irradiated with eight different photon energies using Compton scattering technique. The scattered photons from 137Cs source were detected by NaI(Tl) scintillation detector in an ordinary counting system. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical (WinXcom) values. The results show that the experimental values ofμm, Zeff and Neff of GAGG are higher than those of CaMoO4 and all values are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The values ofμm, Zeff and Neff increased toward the decrease of gamma ray energies. The partial interactions of the crystals were also investigated.

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The dispersion of the refraction indices n(λ) and K(λ) has been calculated for As 40 Se 30 S 30 multilayer systems.


Question: Convergence toward common standards in machine-readable cataloging.

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Abstract ::: The adoption of the MARC II format for the communication of bibliographic information by the three National Libraries of the U.S.A. makes it possible for those libraries to converge on the remaining necessary common standards for machine-readable cataloging. ::: ::: Three levels of standards are identified: fundamental, the character set; intermediate, MARC II; and detailed, the codes for identifying data elements. ::: ::: The convergence on these standards implies that the National Libraries can create and operate a Joint Bibliographic Data Bank requiring standard book numbers and universal serial numbers for identifying monographs and serials and that the system will thoroughly process contributed catalog entries before adding them to the Data Bank. There is reason to hope that the use of the MARC II format will facilitate catalogers' decision processes.

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This poster discusses issues and considerations in describing and integrating ETDs and associated content.


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Question: Chemical Properties of Polymers

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Attention is drawn to the remarkable variety of chemical groups such as esters, chlorides, alcohols etc, which can be present in polymers of different types. Thus an abundance of further chemical transformations are possible. As examples, water softening agents and solid phase synthesis of proteins and oligonucleotides are described.

Automated Membrane ::: Reactors for the Early Process Development of Enzyme Promoted ::: Bioconversion


Question: NUCLEAR EXCITATIONS AND WEAK INTERACTION RATES AT FINITE TEMPERATURE

Self-consistent theory frameworks have been introduced for description of excitations in nuclei at finite temperature, based on energy density functionals formulated using i) relativistic mean field Lagrangian with density dependent meson-nucleon vertex functions, and ii) Skyrme-type functionals. Finite temperature random phase approximation (FTRPA) has been employed in description of multipole excitations and charge-exchange modes. It is shown that in the temperature range T = 1–2 MeV additional transition strength appears at low energies due to thermal unblocking of single-particle orbitals close to the Fermi level. Within the finite temperature Hartree-Fock+RPA based on Skyrme functionals, the electron capture cross sections have been studied for target nuclei at temperatures relevant in modeling the supernova evolution.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


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Question: When ignorance is bliss: weight perception, body mass index and quality of life in adolescents

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Body weight is negatively associated with adolescent Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Despite this well-established relationship, some adolescents with obesity do not ...

Objective ::: The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which poor sleep quality is associated with suicidal ideation among Ethiopian adults.


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Question: Prediction model for temperature drop of steel in CAS-OB refining with powder injection

By analyzing the effects of carrier gas, powder injection, process chemical reaction, soak pipe's insertion, opening of slag layer and heat absorbed by ladle lining on the temperature drop of steel in CAS-OB refining with powder injection, a prediction model of the temperature drop was developed. The model calculation shows that the heating of carrier gas and enthalpy of slag-forming reaction have little contribution to the temperture drop of steel. The main factors leeding to the temperature drop of steel are the radiation heat lose from the opening of the slag layer and the low preheating temperature of ladle lining. The temperature drop in CAS-OB refining with powder injection is lower than that in ordinary powder injection refing process, and this is mainly because the open area of slag layer in CAS-OB with powder injection is smaller.

Obvious surface defects (crack and cavity) of hot stamped grenade body stock of 823 steel 115mm square billet rolled in AISC lead to failure of stock. Samples from centering pile and grenade body wall with defects have been analyzed by metallo-graphic test and the result shows that the surface defects were caused by local overheat and overfiring during process of hot stamped. square billet.


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Question: Reserach on Service Scheduling Based on IEEE802.16d PMP Network

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This paper researches IEEE802.16d MAC layer protocol for a more detailed description and analysis of the PMP network medium access control performance and scheduling mechanism in TDD mode.A scheduling architecture is given after the analysis of truncated binary exponential back-off algorithm,and it can schedule uplink traffic to fulfill QoS requirements as well as make best use of bandwidth.This paper simulates the scheduling architecture by NS,and simulation results of UGS and rtPS services are given at the end.

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionThe Information Sharing to Make Use of an ICT SystemThe Evaluation Function of the ICT SystemThe Value Propagation Chain Caused by the ICT SystemActive Use of the Evaluation Function in KPMAn Example of Visualizing the Effect of Risk Distribution on InvestmentSample calculationDiscussionConclusionReferences


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Question: Hyperfine fields in Nd$sub 2$Co$sub 17$, NdCo$sub 5$, and NdCo$sub 3$

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NMR of $sup 59$Co, $sup 143$Nd, and $sup 145$Nd was studied at 4.2$sup 0$K in the compounds Nd$sub 2$Co$sub 17$, NdCo$sub 5$, and NdCo$sub 3$. Co hyperfine fields in these alloys are found to depend on both the alloy and the Co site within a given alloy and vary from 30 to 220 kG. The Nd hyperfine fields are found to be in the range from 3.4--4.0 MG. (auth)

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Given ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper\n\nExamples:\nProvided: "Polyethylene terephthalate multifilament fabrics used as filtration and operating room textiles possess through-thickness pore channels at the yarn intersections (meso-pores). These pore channels p..." Match: "Methods for a permanent binding of functionalized micro-particle on polyester fabric for the improvement of the barrier effect"', 'People have already got the habit of scanning code nowadays. In order to provide an efficient barcode-scanning function for the traditional equipment, an embedded barcode coding and display device was designed. System structure, hardware and software of the design were described in this paper. A Cortex-A9 core MCU is applied to the hardware. The software run in ARM embedded software and PC host computer, Android APK interface, image processing, data transmitting, barcode encoding and decoding, and the tests of the designs were given. According to externally input data, the system can provide the functions, including barcode access and display. An embedded device solution for the dynamic barcodes generation and display was given. And it can provide a convenient code-scanning interface for various interactive devices such as automatic vending machine, automatic teller machine and POS.'], a positive would be ['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'The Embedded Design of Barcode Coding and Display']

Structures of La/sub 1.85/ Sr/sub 0.15/ CuO/sub 4/ and Y-Ba-Cu-O oxides were studied. (DLC)


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Question: Rome: The Political Economy of a World-Empire

The vast Roman Empire. stretching from northern England to the Arabian deserts, the only world empire in pre-industrial European history, had a population of at least 60 million in first century A.D. In many parts, population densities were higher than ever until the modern age. An unprecedented proportion of this population was urban. The cities were well built, and well interconnected. Yet, Rome was also a world of misery, squalor and poverty. Life expectancy was in the 20s, and the majority of the population was poor, even if the rich were stupendously rich. For all its technological genius, Rome was the supreme example in European history of how far traditional econ omies may be pushed. Its achievements were due to empire, rather than growth.

List of Tables and Graphs Preface/Acknowledgments Introduction Bilbao a city on the Global Map. Chapter One: Cities, Globalization, Bilbao. Chapter Two: Economic Globalization in the Pre-Industrial Era. Chapter Three: Industrial Capitalism and the Nation-State. Chapter Four: Global Pressures and the Crisis of Fordism. Chapter Five: The Making of an Urban Mega-Project Chapter Six: Architecture, Globalization, and the Guggenheim Project. Chapter Seven: The Economic Globalization of the City-Region. Chapter Eight: Basque Pathways to Globalization Bibliography: On Citites and Globalization, On Bilbao and the Basque Country. Index


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract E.g. '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', "Temperature crack control in mass concrete of Yellow river Bridge No.3 in Ji'nan"]' == '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "In order to solve the problems of thermal stresses and temperature crack of mass concrete in the construction of large cable-stayed bridge,Yellow river Bridge No.3 in Ji'nan was taken for example,prevention and control system of pre-numerical analysis and tracking monitoring was used to solve the cracking due to too large temperature difference between inside and outside during the construction of mass concrete,which provided experience for cable-stayed bridge in future."]' != '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'This paper introduces the support design, construction technique process and key construction techniques of the supports in Hengshan Tunnel.']'

Question: Two minimax inequalities in G-convex spaces

In this work we obtain two minimax inequalities in G-convex spaces which extend and improve a large number of generalizations of the Ky Fan minimax inequality and of the von Neumann–Sion minimax principle.

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For instance, <<['Represent this text', 'We have derived the albedo ($a$) and phase function asymmetry factor ($g$) of interstellar dust grains at 1100 \\AA ~ using archival {\\it Voyager} observations of diffuse radiation in Ophiuchus. We have found that the grains are highly forward scattering with $g =$ 0.55 $\\pm$ 0.25 and $a =$ 0.40 $\\pm$ 0.10. Even though most of the gas in this direction is in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud, the diffuse FUV radiation is almost entirely due to scattering in a relatively thin foreground cloud. This suggests that one cannot assume that the UV background is directly correlated with the total amount of gas in any direction.']>>  to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Dust Properties in the FUV in Ophiuchus']"

By using the concept of strong slopes we establish the representations of condition functions for asymptotic well behaved convex and nonconvex functions.


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Question: Effect of Heat Treatment on Antioxidant Activity,Physiological and Biochemical Changes and Quality of Fresh-Cut Muscat Grape

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Fresh-cut Muscat grapes were treated in hot water at 40,45 ℃ and 50 ℃ for 6 min,respectively in order to explore the impact of heat treatment on the antioxidant activity,physiological and biochemical changes and quality of fresh-cut Muscat grapes during storage at(0 ± 0.5)℃.The results showed that the antioxidant activity of grape treated with hot water was far lower than CK after 7 days of storage.In addition,the treatments at 45 ℃ or 40 ℃ for 6 min decreased the content of total phenols during the whole storage period,and the treatment at 45 ℃ for 6 min also inhibited the decrease of vitamin C and the increase of disease incidence and MDA content.Although no significant impact on titratable acid was observed,heat treatment,especially at 45 ℃ for 6 min,greatly increased POD activity.

1. Profound and Useful Discoveries.- 2. Comparison of the Efficiency of Nitrate and Nitrogen Fixation in Crop Yield.- 3. Nitrate Uptake, Production and Transport in the Whole Plant.- 4. Carbon and Nitrogen Partitioning in the Whole Plant - a Thesis based on Empirical Modeling.- 5. Relationships between Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthesis.- 6. Photosynthate Limitation of Symbiotic N2 Fixation.- 7. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism.- 8. Seed Storage Proteins: Genetics, Synthesis, Accumulation and Protein Quality.


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Question: Immobilization of Diglycol Amic Acid on Silica Gel for Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements

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A novel adsorbent with a diglycol amic acid frame has been synthesized for the recovery of rare earth elements. The adsorbent has the ability to selectively adsorb rare earth metal ions from soluti...

Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.


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Question: Mechanics of the Unusual Basilar Membrane in Gerbil

The basilar membrane in gerbil differs from most other mammals, since its width and thickness show little variation from base to apex, and tympanic fiber layer in the pectinate zone forms a pronounced arch. Measurements indicate a quadratically increasing stiffness under point loading, which is contrary to the expected behavior of an arch. The plateau value has been considered to be the physiologically relevant stiffness, but it only occurs after 10–25 μm of deflection, whereas the normal physiological deflection is in the submicron range. The present work aims to resolve these contradictions by considering the mechanics of the geometric configuration.

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Biomimetic Systems: Concepts, Design, and Emulation, Robert J. Fisher Transport/Reaction Processes in Biology and Medicine, E. N. Lightfoot Microvascular Heat Transfer, James W. Baish Fluid Dynamics for Bio Systems: Fundamentals and Model Analysis, Robert A. Peattie and Robert J. Fisher Animal Surrogate Systems, Michael L. Shuler, Sarina G. Harris, Xinran Li, and Mandy B. Esch Arterial Wall Mass Transport: The Possible Role of Blood Phase Resistance in the Localization of Arterial Disease, John M. Tarbell and Yuchen Qiu Transport Phenomena and the Microenvironment, Robert J. Fisher and Robert A. Peattie Transport and Drug Delivery through the Blood-Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid, Bingmei M. Fu Interstitial Transport in the Brain: Principles for Local Drug Delivery, W. Mark Saltzman Surfactant Transport and Fluid-Structure Interactions during Pulmonary Airway Reopening, David Martin, Anne-Marie Jacob, and Donald P. Gaver III Index


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Question: The Approximation for the Auxiliary Renewal Function

The auxiliary renewal function has an important role in analyzng queues in which the either of the inter-arrival time and the service time of customers is not exponential. As like the renewal function, the auxiliary renewal function is hard to compute although it can be defined theoretically. In this paper, we suggest two approximations for auxiliary renewal function and compare the two with the true value of auxiliary renewal function which can be computed in some special cases.

Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps in Rd.- Martingale Theory and the Stochastic Integral for Point Processes.- Brownian Motion, Stochastic Integral and Ito's Formula.- Stochastic Differential Equations.- Some Useful Tools in Stochastic Differential Equations.- Stochastic Differential Equations with Non-Lipschitzian Coefficients.- Applications.- How to Use the Stochastic Calculus to Solve SDE.- Linear and Non-linear Filtering.- Option Pricing in a Financial Market and BSDE.- Optimal Consumption by H-J-B Equation and Lagrange Method.- Comparison Theorem and Stochastic Pathwise Control.- Stochastic Population Control and Reflecting SDE.- Maximum Principle for Stochastic Systems with Jumps.


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Question: English Semantic Feature Processing and Sentence Structure Analysis Based on Hierarchical Network of Concepts

Current English-Chinese translation machine can’t understand the source sentence fully. The theory of hierarchical network of concepts is proposed for resolving the problem through methods including function, translator, effect, relation and state. English semantic feature plays an important role in analysis of sentence comprehension. In our study, we discuss the core structure of English semantic respectively and put forward the corresponding of source sentence compared with online machine translation machines .The experimental results can provide technical support for English -Chinese machine translation. Effect chain and judge is called generalized function effect chain, it is not only the basis of element concept classification, but also the foundation of sentence semantic classification.

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Foundations of Semantic Web Reasoning.- Composing Frameworks and Components for Families of Semantic Web Applications.- Semantic Web Logic Programming Tools.- Web Rules Need Two Kinds of Negation.- Reasoning in Practice.- Towards the Adaptive Semantic Web.- On Reasoning on Time and Location on the Web.- Reasoning about Communicating Agents in the Semantic Web.- Query and Rule-Languages.- A Visual Language for Web Querying and Reasoning.- XML Document Adaptation Queries (XDAQ): An Approach to Adaptation Reasoning Using Web Query Languages.- On Types for XML Query Language Xcerpt.- Integrating Description Logics and Answer Set Programming.- Semantics and Knowledge Representation.- Extracting Mathematical Semantics from Documents.- Reasoning in Attempto Controlled English.- Systematics and Architecture for a Resource Representing Knowledge about Named Entities.


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Question: The effect of ion emission on the characteristics of a glow discharge with a hollow cathode

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The effect of extraction of the ion current on the conditions for sustaining a low-pressure glow discharge with a hollow cathode, which is a topical problem for developing ion sources, is studied. It is shown that there exists a certain optimal level of the ion emission at which the energy efficiency reaches its maximum.

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A novel method for producing a high-density, high-temperature plasma medium in which light amplification in the soft x-ray region may occur is described. A cold dense plasma is produced by a slow electrical capillary discharge and subsequently heated by a high-power laser pulse.


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Question: Vancouver regional health planning model

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An aggregate simulation model of the health care system existing in Vancouver, Canada has been created as part of a multi-purpose regional simulation project. The model requires data on population trends, morbidity, health resource trends. Under a variety of possible policies (ZPG, for example) the effects in terms of surpluses and shortages of resources, untreated cases, and a scale of social impact attributable to Holmes are delineated over a n-year horizon. The results are intended to provide policy-makers with contingency forecasts for priority assignment, resource formation, and demand-resource matching.

LKC specialty guide about rural services nursing, and for rural services nursing education within CHHHS


Question: Atomic-scale friction : thermal effects and capillary condensation

This work entitled as "Atomic-scale friction: thermal effects and capillary condensation" is a study on the fundamental aspects of the origin of friction from the atomic-scale. We study two realistic aspects of atomic-scale friction, namely the effect of temperature and the effect of relative humidity of the environment. To study this, we used a home-built friction force microscope (FFM) where a sharp tungsten tip was scanning over a graphite surface. We find that thermal activation of the tip reduces friction significantly, whereas the water condensing between the tip and the surface as a result of capillary condensation increases atomic-scale friction. Water condensing between the tip and the surface forms ice at room temperature and the tip writes a line of ice on the surface. Therefore, we find that water acts like a glue rater than a lubricant in atomic-scale friction.

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Dynamical processes involved in weak adhesion are explored through a single cycle of an optically trapped brownian colloidal silica particle detaching from, and reattaching to, a glass substrate immersed in a fluid in the presence of an externally applied force. Micro-rheology, video-microscopy, and Nyquist noise measurements reveal both stochastic and deterministic dynamics of the process. When analyzed in terms of the viscoelastic response of the stress coupling medium between the objects, the unsticking instability shows remarkable similarities with yielding and fracture-mechanics of macro-scale solids. The resticking dynamics demonstrates stochastic instabilities through a spatiotemporally punctuated descent of the particle down an energy landscape with a hierarchy of metastable minima.


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Question: Psychotropic Activity of Selective Tetracyclines

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Summary Minocycline in addition to its neuroprotective and anti$inflammatory use in neurodegenerative diseases probably would be helpful in treatment of depression associated with these comorbid conditions. The findings of the present study in both the models of depression viz, forced swim test and tail suspension test indicate that minocycline has significant antidepressant activity, comparable to that of amitriptyline. If the findings of the present study are extrapolated to the humans, minocycline may not be a suitable drug to treat depression. Its co$administration with tricyclic antidepressants co uld add to the antidepressant activity of the latter. Whether such synergistic interaction will narrow the therapeutic window of tricyclic antidepressants is not known. To evaluate its role as an antidepressant and to establish safety of its co$administration with tricyclic antidepressant s, further clinical studies are desirable.

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Demonstration of the Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Substance P (NK 1 ) Receptor Antagonist in Major Depression


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Question: Epidemiology of fine particulate air pollution and human health: biologic mechanisms and who's at risk?

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This article briefly summarizes the epidemiology of the health effects of fine particulate air pollution, provides an early, somewhat speculative, discussion of the contribution of epidemiology to ...

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Preeclampsia (PE) accounts for about one-quarter of the cases of maternal mortality and ranks second among the causes of pregnancy-associated maternal deaths in Canada and worldwide. The identification of an effective strategy to prevent PE is a priority and a challenge for research in obstetrics. Progress has been hampered by inadequate understanding of the underlying etiology of the disease. The role of maternal diet in the etiology of PE has recently received increased attention. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the literature concerning 1) the current understanding of the pathogenesis of PE, 2) the biological plausibility and potential mechanisms underlying the associations between maternal dietary exposures, nutrition, and the risk of PE, and 3) the epidemiological findings of maternal nutrient intake in relation to the risk of PE.


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Question: The Spectrum of HD 3651B: An Extrasolar Nemesis?

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This article has been withdrawn; see astro-ph/0611542

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Introduction 230 I. Investigation of the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays with Soviet Satellites and Space Rockets 230 1. Procedure 231 2. Chemical Composition of Cosmic Rays. Fluxes of Nuclei of Different Groups and Their Energy Spectra 234 3. Variations of the Flux of the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays and Nuclei of Solar Origin 249 II. Use of Artificial Satellites and Rockets to Investigate the Primary Cosmic Radiation 260 4. Nuclear Component of Galactic Cosmic Rays 260 5. Solar Cosmic Rays and High-latitude Cutoff 262 6. Electron-positron Cosmic-ray Component 263 Literature 266


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Question: Performance of error correction based on Compressed Sensing

In this paper, the real-valued Compressed Sensing (CS)-based error correction scheme which was proposed by Candes and Tao is evaluated against the background of channel coding theory. Substantial differences to conventional linear block codes over Galois fields are reviewed and interpreted. A unified channel model is introduced. It enables performance evaluation of more realistic almost sparse channels, which are of interest for communication applications. It is shown by simulations that certain variations of the CS based error correction scheme are suitable for special channels. Additionally, explanations for the noise sensitivity of CS based error correction schemes are given.

Hardware simulation study has been carried out to determine the BER performance and worst case latency of scalable Reverse Data Vortex (RDV) interconnection network with SOA based cascading switching nodes and compared with DV results.


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Question: Variation Characteristics Analysis of Normal Background Noise of Borehole Deformation Observation Data at Sheshan Station in Shanghai

We analyze characteristics of the normal background noise of borehole deformation observation data recorded at Sheshan Station in Shanghai,and quantitative characterize variation characteristics of their normal information field.The results show that the different scales of the wavelet transform detail parts of deformation observation data contain different signal components.Through studying the non-seismic anomaly characteristics change of different signal scale of wavelet transform,we may obtain precursor information of the earthquake preparation process.

Debugging Of Large-scaled Data Processing Systems Like Supercomputers Is Becoming More Difficult. One Of The Causes Of The Trouble Is A Long Time For Reproducing VlSI's To Change Logic Design. An Automated On-chip Direct Wiring Modification System, Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) And Laser CVD, Was Developed. It Reduced The Logic Change Period To One Day. The Debugging Time Of The Newest Mainframe Computer M880 Was Shortened By A Few Months.


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Question: Designing natural language output for the IoT

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A large number of devices categorised as "Internet of Things" (IoT) that are in the consumer market are designed to autonomously monitor things of interest to users. These devices often make use of natural language output, more specifically textual messages, as a way to notify users. These messages are commonly simple predetermined strings. Some IoT devices however are designed to report on complex applications, which may be difficult for users without technical domain knowledge to understand. In this work, we present an initial evaluation in which we investigated how users' inclination to attend to a monitoring system is affected by different levels of information. Based our findings, we discuss future avenues of research which we believe will further our understanding of natural language output's application in the IoT domain.

The paper present studies on development, implementation, testing and evaluation of an intelligent system for human-machine interaction by voice that allows a mobile robot to learn through a language based on voice commands.


Question: Qualitative Causal Analysis of Empirical Knowledge for Ontology Evolution in Physics

Ontology evolution and its automation are key factors for achieving software’s flexibility and adaptability. In the approach to automated ontology evolution adopted in the GALILEO project, progress in physics is modelled as a process of ontology evolution. An overview of the approach is provided in Section 2. Section 3 shows that the construction and the modification of qualitative causal models of experimental set-ups make it possible to gain information about the quantities that appear in an equation and contribute to creating the logical conditions for the equation to evolve.

Argument-Based Reasoning.- Personality-Based Practical Reasoning.- Argumentation Based Resolution of Conflicts between Desires and Normative Goals.- A Constrained Argumentation System for Practical Reasoning.- An Argumentation Framework Based on Strength for Ontology Mapping.- Contextual Extension with Concept Maps in the Argument Interchange Format.- Argumentation and Dialogue.- Command Dialogues.- Argumentation and Artifact for Dialogue Support.- Co-ordination and Co-operation in Agent Systems: Social Laws and Argumentation.- Annotation and Matching of First-Class Agent Interaction Protocols.- Strategic and Pragmatic Issues.- Argumentation- vs. Proposal-Based Negotiation: An Empirical Case Study on the Basis of Game-Theoretic Solution Concepts.- Argumentation-Based Information Exchange in Prediction Markets.- An Argumentative Approach for Modelling Coalitions Using ATL.- A Dialogue Mechanism for Public Argumentation Using Conversation Policies.


Question: The inverse maximum dynamic flow problem

We consider the inverse maximum dynamic flow (IMDF) problem. IMDF problem can be described as: how to change the capacity vector of a dynamic network as little as possible so that a given feasible dynamic flow becomes a maximum dynamic flow. After discussing some characteristics of this problem, it is converted to a constrained minimum dynamic cut problem. Then an efficient algorithm which uses two maximum dynamic flow algorithms is proposed to solve the problem.

In this paper, we provide a practical solution to the generalized optimal guidance problem with an impact angle constraint. The optimal guidance problem with arbitrary weighting functions is extend...


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Question: Tubular nanostructured materials for bioapplications

Tubular nanomaterials possess hollow structures as well as high aspect ratios. In addition to their unique physical and chemical properties induced by their nanoscale dimensions, their inner voids and outer surfaces make them ideal candidates for a number of biomedical applications. In this work, three types of tubular nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, hematite nanotubes, and maghemite nanotubes, were synthesized by different chemical techniques. Their structural and crystalline properties were characterized. For potential bioapplications of tubular nanomaterials, experimental investigations were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of using carbon nanotubes, hematite nanotubes, and maghemite nanotubes in glucose sensing, neuronal growth, and drug delivery, respectively. Preliminary results show the promise of tubular nanomaterials in future biomedical applications.

Specific separation at molecular level implies the development of new materials and nanostructures. The paper deals with the preparation of new materials and nanostructures for nanotechnology application. Three directions are studied namely, preparation of complexant nanoparticles by grafting of carriers onto the surface of nanoparticles, micellar enhanced ultrafiltration and obtaining of ceramic nanostructures.


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E.g. given '['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Robust stabilization of nonlinear uncertain systems in the presence of input unmodeled dynamics']' it should be close to '['', 'Motivated by results on control of nonlinear systems with input uncertainties and converse Lyapunov results with respect to an invariant set, we address the robust adaptive control issue in the presence of uncertainties including input unmodeled nonlinear dynamics. Nonlinear damping terms are introduced via backstepping to counteract the uncertainties and observer design is also employed to cancel the affects of the nonlinear unmodeled dynamics. To this end, nonlinear systems transformable to the extended strict feedback form with input uncertainties are considered. A robust adaptive controller is designed to achieve semiglobal stability with respect to an invariant set in the presence of uncertainties utilizing partial state feedback. The results are also extended to a class of decentralized systems.']' but not to '['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'ABSTRACTThis paper studies the problem of global output feedback control for a class of feedforward nonlinear systems with unknown multiple time-varying delays and unknown output function under mor...']'.

Question: Development and freedom in Sen and Gutierrez. Religious and Secular Common Grounds

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It is often supposed that those who base their view of the world upon perceived religious truth and those who do not will be unable to engage in deep and mutual conversation, for their basic assumptions are just too different. In this paper I compare the views of Amartya Sen and Gustavo GutiA©rrez on development and human freedom, finding them to share a very great deal in attitude, in fundamental concern, and in intellectual method, even though the former describes himself as without religion, while the latter is profoundly theological. This comparison is of interest and importance both in its own right and as an example of the way the theologically â€“ minded can meaningfully converse with those who are not; more than converse, establish a common project or program.

Introduction 1. Uniquely valued 2. Reconceptualizing the moral self 3. The family as a model for society 4. From family to E Pluribus Unum Epilogue: the liberty between Plato and modern liberalism.


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Question: Preliminary Tests for Precious Metals Recovery from Sideritic Waste

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Waste deposited in ponds can also contain precious metals, as trace elements. Preliminary studies have shown, by chemical analysis, the presence of gold and silver in waste steel. This paper presents some preliminary aspects of experimental work related to gold recovery opportunities from sideritic waste, Teliuc type - stored as a pond and future directions in research. There were two distinct phases considered: gravimetric concentration and removal of three layers from the experimental material, respectively, the treatment of the concentrate with “aqua regia”.

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Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:', 'AbstractEvaluation of travel-time data quality from traveler information systems (TISs) is a critical need for many transportation agencies. To measure data quality, observations of ground-truth travel time must be collected on links in a transportation network. Therefore, selecting which links in the network to monitor is a critical step in evaluating the quality of a TIS. This paper presents a maximum entropy sampling (MES) design that can be used to objectively select a subset of links from a road network for ground-truth data collection. This approach objectively identifies subsets of links that have the greatest variability in traffic conditions. This allows for a more rigorous evaluation of a TIS to determine the system’s ability to effectively capture changing traffic conditions. The MES method was evaluated using both a simulated and an empirical data set.']" Match: "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Application of Maximum Entropy Sampling Design to Traveler Information System Data-Quality Evaluations']"

Mining Non-ferrous Metals The Environmental Impact of Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon Revegetation of Metalliferous Wastes and Land After Metal Mining Vegetative Remediation at Superfund Sites Green Coal Mining Methane Emissions from Coal Mining Constructing Ecosystems and Detecting their Connectivity to the Larger Ecological Landscape The Discharge of Waters from Active and Abandoned Mines Environmental Best-practice in Metals Production. Subject Index.


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Question: An Introduction to "Modern Chinese Literature" in College Literary Readings

What is heeded in College Literary Readings involves "China","modern" and "literature".By "China"it is meant "China" in the "world" while "modern",used in contrast to "ancient",is both a concept of time and contains "modernity" against the background of the transition from "traditional society" to "modern society".What we need to stress and grasp is "literature"—the response mode peculiar to literature and the literary issues brought about by the transition in modern Chinese society.

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Part 1 Section A: Yiddish Works in Periodicals Part 2 Section B: Yiddish Works in Book Form Part 3 Section C: English Translations in Book Form


Question:
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E.g. given '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Tantalum powder and preparation method thereof, and sintered anode made by same']' it should be close to '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The present invention relates to the field of rare metal smelting, particularly to a tantalum powder for manufacturing a capacitor, preparation method of the tantalum powder and sintered anode made by the same. The BET of an initial powder of the tantalum powder is 3.0-4.5 m2/g; a secondary agglomerated particle has a large particle size; the FSSS particle size is 1.2-3.0 mum; 75% of the tantalum powder is greater than 325 mesh when measured with a standard sieve; the particle size distribution D50 value is greater than 60 mum; the secondary particle size is large; the specific capacitance of a capacitor obtained by sintering the tantalum powder at a temperature of 1200 DEG C for 20 minutes and then applying a voltage of 20V is from 140,000 to 180,000 muFV/g; and a residual current therethrough is less than 1.0 nA/muFV. Also provided is a method for preparing the tantalum powder economically.']' but not to '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title!', 'The present invention relates to a novel carbon nanotube powder comprising carbon nanotubes having a hoisting-shaped structure. The present invention further provides a novel carbon nanotube having a hoisting-shaped structure, and novel method of manufacturing the carbon nanotube powder and carbon nanotubes, and their use as additives or materials for various applications.']'.

Question: CMOS image sensor and method for fabricating the same

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

The present invention has, at regular intervals in the surface of the semiconductor substrate relates to a CMOS image sensor and a method for manufacturing a depth formed deeper to achieve a uniform color of the photodiode longer the input wavelength of light incident on each color filter to each other the first is formed of a different depth, a second, a third photo diode, said first, second, and the first and third photodiodes, and an interlayer insulating film formed on the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate including the second, third be a photodiode and the corresponding blue color is formed on the planarization layer, the green, so the red color filter layer and the front planarization layer formed on the semiconductor substrate including the color filter layer and, and each of the color filter layer on the planarization layer corresponding characterized by configured by comprising a micro-lens is formed. A photodiode, a color filter, a microlens, an image sensor

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

An exposure head, includes: an imaging optical system; a first light emitting element; a second light emitting element; a first TFT circuit that is connected with the first light emitting element via an interconnection wire; and a second TFT circuit that is connected with the second light emitting element via an interconnection wire, wherein the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are provided between the first TFT circuit and the second TFT circuit, thereby improving the freedom of interconnection wire connected to the light emitting elements.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Social Exclusion in Georgia: Perceived Poverty, Participation and Psycho- Social Wellbeing

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This article examines the extent of perceived poverty in Georgia and shows how it relates to participation in a wide range of social activities, as well as individuals' physical and psycho-social health. It uses quantita- tive data from an annual nationwide survey conducted by Caucasus Research Resource Centers (CRRC) in 2011 to explore: 1. the general situation in terms of people's economic well-being in Georgia based on sub- jective and objective indicators, 2. the relationship between people's perceived economic situation and their participation in socio-cultural activities, as well as political perceptions and 3. the relationship between per- ceived poverty and individuals' physical and psycho-social health. The data show that the subjective feeling of poverty in Georgia is negatively associated with an active and healthy lifestyle and psycho-social well-being.

Overview of Aging, Emotional Health and Behaviour. Section I: Prevalence and Diagnosis. Prevalence of Mental, Behavioural and Neurobehavioral Disorders among Older People with Intellectual Disabilities. Psychopathology and Older Age. General Etiological Issues. Assessment of Behavioural and Psychiatric Disorders. Depression in Adults and Aging Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Cognitive Decline and Aging. Behavioural and Psychiatric Overlays from Physical and Medical Conditions. Emotional Health and Aging in Adults with Down Syndrome. Section II Treatments and Interventions. Psychotherapy and Other Psychological Interventions. Aging--Related Behavioural Interventions. Psychotropic Medications. Dynamics of Bereavement and Grief Reactions. Section III Service System Issues. Community Mental Health and Support Services: Planning Principles and Models. Prevention Strategies and Community Education. Future Directions and Challenges


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Farm-made feeds: preparation, management, problems, and recommendations

Making feeds exclusively for certain farming activities is quite common in the tropics particularly in the farming of fishes that feed low in the food chain. Feed preparation will depend on several factors such as availability of feed ingredients, capital, labor, type of feed, size of farm, etc. Management procedures will also depend on factors such as frequency of feeding, capital, labor force, farming system, and availability of electricity in the area. Some problems in the use of farm-made feeds are the limited knowledge of pond dynamics, interaction between supplementary feeds and natural food organisms, quantification of the contribution of natural food to the nutrition of the fish, and quality of feed ingredients. Farm-made feed formulations, processing, and feeding management as well as future research and training approaches with reference to the needs of small-scale fish farmers as recommended by FAO are discussed.

The report is designed to help plan and implement in-service trainings in solar and other energy-conserving food technologies. It focuses on design, construction, and use of solar dryers for fruits, vegetables, meat, fish and herbs, along with fireless cookery. It emphasizes integrating technical and nontechnical information.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Impact of risperidone long-acting injectable on hospitalisation and medication use in Canadian patients with schizophrenia

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SummaryA retrospective chart review was used to assess hospitalisation and medication switching in patients with schizophrenia initiated on either intramuscular risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) (n=69) or oral atypical antipsychotics (n=93) in Canada.In the RLAI-treated patients, compared with an identical period prior to RLAI use (40.8 months), there were significant decreases in hospitalisation (50.7 vs. 4.3%; p<0.0001) and duration of hospitalisation (23.5 vs. 0.3 days per patient; p<0.0001) when patients were switched to RLAI (mean treatment period 41.5 months). Compared with patients receiving oral atypicals for 57.2 months, RLAI patients had a reduced risk of hospitalisation (95% confidence interval 1.8–16.5% vs. 54.7–76.4%) and medication switching (95% confidence interval 34.6–58.4% vs. 55.7–76.4%).By virtue of its periodic intramuscular administration, RLAI offers the efficacy and tolerability of an atypical medication without the compliance issues associated with oral drugs, and leads to...

Rates of obstetrical complications are higher among patients with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and violent offenders. These two studies


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Retailers' Order Based on Price-discount

The bargaining between supplier and retailer is a long-term discussion issue in the operation of supply chain.It is simple to strike a price from the angle of retailer's saving costs,but actually,"preferential price for large quantities" and "quota order" are existed,then the determined price now should be a function of the order quantity,therefore,the retailer must consider again the order quantity.

From Misconception to Indifference Cash Management by Default The Fundamentals of a Cash Management Program Implementation The Quick Fix and Final Control Automation Future Trends in Cash Management Cash, The Equalizer.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: [Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman syndrome: 2 uncommon clinical forms].

Two cases of Destombes Rosai Dorfman's syndrome are presented. Diagnosis was performed by superficial lymph node biopsy. The first case concerned a nine and half years old girl with cervical adenopathy who developed a compressive mediastinal adenopathy responsible for a right lower lobe atelectasis. Because of local lung suppuration a lobectomy had to be performed. The second case concerned a fourteen years old boy with recurrent fever, diffuse superficial lymph nodes and erythematous skin rash. The two patients showed clinical and biological inflammatory symptoms without any immunodeficiency. No aetiological agent could be identified. Antibiotics and corticoids had no effect but the two patients recovered (after 18 months follow up in case 2). These two particular cases confirm the clinical course heterogeneicity of the syndrome which requires histological diagnosis.

Review on Isolated tetrasomy 8 in AML, MDS and MPD, with data on clinics, and the genes involved.


Question: Microorganisms of Zoogloeal Mats Formed in Tea Decoction

Sour and zoogloeal mat forming beverages which are favored with fermentation by so called “seed” are able to be seen here and there in Japan, Formosa and other countries.From these curious bevarages of several countries, dominant microorganisms were isolated and identified as followed: The yeasts isolated from Japanese samples were identified as Saccharomyces sp., Torulopsis famata, Pichia membranaefacience and Candida guilliermondii, on the other hand Candida obtusa and Kloeckera apiculata were isolated from the sour beverage of Formosa.Concerning with bacteria in these drinkes, only Acetobacter xylinum was recognized and it formed distinct zoogloeal mat at the surface of tea decoction. Reappearance test concerning with these isolated microorganisms was resulted that same zoogloea and taste was formed if A. xylinum was present.A. xylinum was concluded as the principal organism for this kind of beverage.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Local timestepping discontinuous Galerkin methods for electromagnetic RF field problems

A 3D Time Domain High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method (DG-FEM) for high frequency electromagnetic wave computations is presented. The method is introduced by highlighting the differences compared to conventional FEM, the FVM as well as to FDM and FIT. Time integration as the major bottleneck is identified and a local timestepping strategy is presented to resolve this bottleneck.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

A boundary element method based on the Cauchy's integral formulae and the theory of complex hypersingular integrals is devised for the numerical solution of boundary value problems governed by a system of second-order elliptic partial differential equations. The elliptic system has applications in physical problems involving anisotropic media.


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Question: Subspace methods for robot vision

In contrast to the traditional approach, visual recognition is formulated as one of matching appearance rather than shape. For any given robot vision task, all possible appearance variations define its visual workspace. A set of images is obtained by coarsely sampling the workspace. The image set is compressed to obtain a low-dimensional subspace, called the eigenspace, in which the visual workspace is represented as a continuous appearance manifold. Given an unknown input image, the recognition system first projects the image to eigenspace. The parameters of the vision task are recognized based on the exact location of the projection on the appearance manifold. An efficient algorithm for finding the closest manifold point is described. The proposed appearance representation has several applications in robot vision. As examples, a precise visual positioning system, a real-time visual tracking system, and a real-time temporal inspection system are described.

Several techniques of control require a linear mathematical model in order to get an inverse dynamic solution. However, in more complex systems the linearization is not enough to solve the problem. A new class of systems called "flatness systems" that allows the entire description of the state's trajectories, and so to improve the dynamic response of those systems. This paper introduces a simulation of the power flow control of hybrid power system using the technique of planning.


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Question: Measurement of the read-out noise of fully depleted thick CCDs

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Fully depleted thick CCDs have been designed for infrared astronomy, but their low read-out noise of the order of ≈2e− and their considerable mass of ≈5.2 gr, allows novel uses for them in low energy threshold particle detection applications, such as the CONNIE and DAMIC experiments. For both experiments, a reduction of the CCD read-out noise is vital. In this work we present a method to measure the read-out noise coming from electronic and non-electronic sources. The impact of the external electronics on the noise is discussed and its full characterization is presented.

Abstract In September 2008 the SLIM5 collaboration submitted a low material budget silicon demonstrator to test with 12 GeV/ c protons, at the PS-T9 test-beam at CERN. Two different detectors were placed as DUTs inside a high-resolution and fast-readout beam telescope. The first DUT was a high resistivity double sided silicon detector, with short strips (“striplets”) and with reduced thickness, at 45 ∘ angle to the detector's edge, readout by the data-driven FSSR2 chip. The other one was a 4k-Pixel Matrix of Deep N Well MAPS, developed in a 130 nm CMOS Technology, providing digital sparsified readout. In the following, I present the striplets and also the beam telescope characteristics, with some details about the frontend readout (based on the FSSR2 chip) and some preliminary results of the data-analysis.


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Question: IS "IDIOPATHIC ŒDEMA" IDIOPATHIC?

Abstract Ten women with "idiopathic" œdema had sodium and water retention and a rapid gain in weight when their accustomed intake of diuretics was suddenly stopped. The magnitude of these changes was directly related to the levels of plasma-renin activity before withdrawal of diuretics. Nine patients became œdematous. Within 10 days of stopping diuretics, plasma-renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion decreased to normal or below and within 20 days weight-gain and œdema had subsided in seven patients. But the greatest gains in weight, in three patients, were sustained beyond 20 days. Nevertheless, a year later, two of these three patients were free of œdema without the use of diuretics. Intermittent œdema of unknown cause in most, if not all, otherwise healthy women seems to result from their use of diuretics, abetted in some patients by self-imposed fluctuations of sodium and carbohydrate intake, and does not appear to be idiopathic.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


Question:
represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

For instance you may be given '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'CP Violation and Supersymmetry Model']' and it should match with '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'CP violation and the supersymmetry model are analysed.Based on the model,it is considered that there are two types of antiquarks about u and d quarks,namely Fermi type and Bose one.About the proton P~(+1)_F,there are also two types of antiprotons,~(+1)_F and ~(+1)_B,and ~(+1)_B=~(+1)_F+3l~0_(S,F)([q_1q_2]g).When the pair of P~(+1)_F~(+1)_B are annihilated,only the component part ~(+1)_F of ~(+1)_B is annihilated together with P~(+1)_F and they are converted into photons,but the component part l~0_(S,F)([q_1q_2]g) is left.Subquarks q_1,q_2,g etc.are the component part of matter,so the matter is more than the antimatter in the universe.']' but not with '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Cosmological Parameters -- CMB, SDSS Accelerator Searches for Dark Matter Dark Matter and Galactic Dynamics Direct and Indirect Detection Methods Wimps and SuperWimps Supersymmetric Dark Matter Axions and Axion Searches Warm Dark Matter Neutrinos Masses Neutrino Telescopes -- Present Status and Future Prospects Dark Energy Quintessence.']'.

Question: Global Surgery: Building Healthy Surgical Systems.

Global Surgery (GS) is a movement that advocates access of every individual to safe and affordable surgery despite geographic location or socioeconomic status. It has recently received increased attention within the global health arena, but many patients are still without access to care because of geographical, social and economic disparities. Due to the multi-disciplinary nature of surgical services, GS requires that a worldwide network of healthy surgical systems be developed and sustained. Healthy surgical systems have many components, and this paper will briefly address 3 of those components: Improved access to care, safety and quality, and multidisciplinary strengthening.

Contents: The Information Society - The Digital Divide - The Digital Practice Perspective - The Digital Practice of Weak Tie Development - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Family Ties via Mobile Phone - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Digital Enclaves - The Digital Practice Perspective and Social Policy: Improving the Social, Cultural, and Civic Quality of the Digital Environment - Conclusion: Smart Mobs, Flash Mobs, Flash Robs and the Revolutionary Potential of the Digital Environment.