Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Controlled study of self-exposure treatment for phobics: preliminary communication.

Patients with phobic disorder (mainly agoraphobics ) of minimum one year duration were treated by self-administered exposure in vivo treatment. Seventy-one patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (A) book-instructed, (B) computer-instructed, or (C) therapist-instructed. All three groups improved significantly to a similar extent on various phobic measures at the end of the treatment and maintained their treatment gains at 6-month follow up. Mean clinicians' time spent with each patient was 40 minutes, 4.2 hours and 3.2 hours in group A, B and C respectively. Similar small numbers of patients defaulted from each group.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of cognitive therapy. Nine of 79 patients with Parkinson disease were selected for therapy. The 70 other patients served as controls. The two patient groups did not differ in terms of age, sex, or duration of illness or on the depression scales. None of the cognitive therapy patients had major depression. The 3 months of cognitive therapy contained both a written self-help programme and individual therapy sessions, based on the Psychological Profile Questionnaire. The results showed that the group receiving cognitive therapy had improved significantly more (P<0.01) than the control group in such psychologic dimensions as Anxiety, Hopelessness, Recognition, Contacts, Ability, and Contained Anger. In conclusion, our preliminary results suggest that cognitive therapy based on nuanced psychologic assessment can be an effective treatment of emotional problems in Parkinson patients without major depression.


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Question: Estimation and verification of radiation induced N/sub ot/ and N/sub it/ energy distribution using combined bipolar and MOS characterization methods in gated bipolar devices

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Complementary bipolar and MOS characterization techniques, specifically the gate sweep (GS) and sub-threshold sweep (SS), are used to estimate the radiation induced oxide charge (N/sub ot/) and interface trap (N/sub it/) buildup in gated bipolar test devices. The gate sweep and sub-threshold sweep data from recent TID testing of gated lateral PNP devices suggests an asymmetric energy distribution of interface traps after ionizing radiation exposure. Charge pumping (CP) experiments were done on the test devices to estimate the energy distribution of interface traps induced by radiation. The CP results are used in this paper to confirm the analytical findings from the GS and SS techniques and solidify the use of the complementary method as a simple way of determining radiation induced interface trap distribution in gated bipolar devices.

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The performance of MOS devices is to a large extent determined by the quality of the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface. This paper presents a new system for characterization of MOS and MOS SOI structures by means of charge pumping. MOSFETs and SOI MOSFETs are used as test structures.


Question:
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The query could be '['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Topological Defects in Cosmology']' and should be close to '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'In this dissertation I study topological defects by performing numerical simulations of classical scalar field theories in one spatial dimension. I devise three methods of counting defect densities and run multiple simulations to find out how different counting methods compare. I discover a difference that might help in the interpretation of future simulations of topological defects. I also run multiple simulations with varying parameters to see how the density of topological defects changes under different conditions. With this data I observe that a low rate of energy damping will have interesting and surprising effects on the defect density.']' but very far from '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'Open Challenges on the Stability of Complex Systems : Insights of Nonlinear Phenomena with or without Delay']'

Question: Implementation of a Point Algorithm for Real-Time Convex Optimization

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The primal-dual interior-point algorithm implemented in G-OPT is a relatively new and efficient way of solving convex optimization problems. Given a prescribed level of accuracy, the convergence to the optimal solution is guaranteed in a predetermined, finite number of iterations. G-OPT Version 1.0 is a flight software implementation written in C. Onboard application of the software enables autonomous, real-time guidance and control that explicitly incorporates mission constraints such as control authority (e.g. maximum thrust limits), hazard avoidance, and fuel limitations. This software can be used in planetary landing missions (Mars pinpoint landing and lunar landing), as well as in proximity operations around small celestial bodies (moons, asteroids, and comets). It also can be used in any spacecraft mission for thrust allocation in six-degrees-of-freedom control.

Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: THE BLUE-DOMED CYST OF CHRONIC CYSTIC MASTITIS IN THE BREASTS OF WOMEN

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To the Editor: —When women consult their physicians the moment they experience a new sensation in the breast, or feel something there that they have not felt before, or see something unusual about the appearance of the nipple, the incidence of cancer will be found to be less than 17 per cent, the incidence of lumps that are not cancer more than 18 per cent, and the number of cases in which operation is not indicated more than 65 per cent. These figures, 17, 18 and 65, represent the total of the relative frequency of the three groups in my clinic today. This is an almost miraculous change from the figures of the cases recorded in the Surgical Pathological Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1899 to 1900. Then cancer represented 80 per cent, benign lesions which had to be operated on 19 per cent, and benign lesions for

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Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


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Question: Performance Evaluation of Compressor and Lever Operated Type Sprayers for Weed Control

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In Bangladesh most of the farmer use manual weed control practices like hand hoe. However, virtually weed-free conditions are now possible using the range of herbicides available. Herbicides are particularly useful for inter-row weeding especially when it is difficult to hoe in the planted row without damaging the crop. So herbicides spraying can be the most suitable approach for farmers because it is less time consuming and less laborious way for weed control. It is the most effective way also because it destroys not only weed foliage but also roots, rhizomes, stems and the apical shoots. Even in conservation agriculture (CA) system weed control is the main factor which can be effectively controlled by spraying herbicide with sprayer before planting. This is why performance evaluation of sprayers is now important to control weeds.

* Heat and Engineering Science * Internal Combustion Engines * Fuels, Lubricants - Treatment and Storage * Combustion and Fuel-Injection Systems * Scavenge, Exhaust, Pressure-Charging Systems * Construction Materials, Welding, Materials Testing * Bedplates, Frames, Guides, Scavenge Trunks, Cylinder Jackets * Cylinder Liners, Cylinder Heads, Valves * Pistons, Piston Rods, Piston Skirs, Piston Rings * Crankshafts, Camshafts, Connecting-Rods, Crossheads, Slippers * Starting and Reversing * Reduction Gearing, Clutches, Couplings * Line Shafting, Screw Shafts, Propellers, Thrust Bearings * Engine and Shafting Alignment * Heat Exchangers, Cooling Systems, Lubricating Systems * Air Compressors, Air Storage Tanks * Balancing and Vibration * Instrumentation and Controls * Safety * Index.


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Question: A Research on the Development of Sports Information Network among Chinaand Developed Countries

The article describes and explains present situation about sport information network among China and developed countries by documentation and sociological method. It shows that China has dropped behind developed countries in the field of information application, developing system of application, making use of sport information and providing social service. These factors obstruct China from fulfilling sport modernization. At last, the article makes some suggestion for developing China sport information network.

Outlook of Agricultural Development to 2050 and the Demand for Science and Technology.- Roadmap and Goals of Agricultural Science and Technology in China.- Roadmap of Plant Germplasm Resources and Modern Plant Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Animal Germplasm Resources and Modern Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Resource Saving Agricultural Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Production and Food Safety Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Modernization and Intelligentization Science and Technology Development.- The Institutions and Policy Support for Agricultural Science and Technology Development in the Future.


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Question: Blindfold tests on manganese crossing in railway application

Manganese crossings are widely used in the railway sector because of their self-hardening properties, but one major disadvantage is that maintenance actions using condition monitoring of internal flaws are problematic to perform. The reason is that manganese material is coarse-grained with internal reflections. In the present study, measurements on internal flaws with a spectrum of ultrasonic equipment were performed on a real manganese crossing. After the measurements, the crossing was cut up and inspected. Correlations with the measurements and the real flaws indicate that, independent of the equipment used, false echoes were common, as well as a low capacity to indicate real flaws.

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For instance, <<['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'This paper presents a novel method for the calculation of eddy current loss in coreless stator axial field permanent magnet (AFPM) machines based on a universal parametric magnetic network model. To account for three-dimensional field effects in an AFPM machine, a multilayer modeling method is used to estimate both the axial and tangential magnetic field component in the air gap. The winding eddy current loss is calculated using the results of magnetic network analysis, taking into account 2-D and 3-D effects and non-sinusoidal field distribution. Furthermore, these calculations are compared to those from finite-element analysis and experimental tests with good agreement.']>>  to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Evaluation of eddy current losses in coreless stator axial flux permanent magnet machines based on magnetic network method']"

The research of coloring reaction of iron,erroin and eosin(e) was developed under the present of surface active agent.


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Question: A Pneumatic Sampling FireDetection System inan Underground Haulageway

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A multipoint fast responsefire detection systemforun- derground haulageways, theconceptofwhichwas developed bythe US BureauofMines(BOM),hasbeendesigned andfabricated by Brunswick Corporationandisundergoing field testing atPlateau Mine inPrice, UT.Thesystem iscomposed ofa centrally located sampling station whichdrawsairfromvarious haulageway locations through tubing wherethesample isanalyzed bya smokedetector. Anygener- atedalarmsignal, aswell assystem performance data, istransmitted to an aboveground monitoring station fromthesmokedetector. Thesys- temdescription, basic design parameters used, thecontrol system de- sign, andthedataretrieval system utilized arepresented.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: The Realization of Audio Playing Using Function API in Visual Basic

in the paper the several methods that audio play is introduced, characteristic and realization of function API in designing audio playing are shown.

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Getting Started Creating and Building a Database Building Up Your Command Library Creating Reports and Labels Variables Writing Simple Programs and Beyond Writing Simple Programs Writing Menu Programs Additional Functions and Commands Advanced Applications Putting It All Together Appendixes Index.


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Question: Equivalence operators that are associative

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We begin with a paradox of the equivalence relation, and we solve it by using the neutral value of the negation. The so-called Pliant equivalence operator fulfils the modified requirements of the fuzzy equivalence relations. After, we study two models of the equivalence operator. We show that in the Pliant operator case the natural extension of two expressions is equivalent. It has two different types of transitivity. It is associative, and it can be extended to many variables. On this basis, we can create the weighted form of the equivalence operator.

We evaluate three sub-interval relations named reflexive, proper or irreflexive, and strict. None is tautologous. This refutes those relations and model checking therefrom.


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Question: A matter of pride : a misplaced end quote in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 A Matter of Pride: A Misplaced End Quote in Sir Gawain and the Green Knieht Notes Curriculum Vita

GOOD COMPANIONS is a collection of prose and poetry that has travelled with John Bayley for most of his 75 years. Unlike many standard anthologies, Bayley's is highly personal and is full of his wit and wisdom. He remembers favourite books from his childhood, the reading of his teenage years and he considers the ways in which books can raise your spirits - e.g. those that he read during Iris' illness. Full of great anecdotes e.g. C.S. Lewis on being read the first draft of 'Lord of the Rings' by Tolkien 'Oh no Tolkien not another fucking elf' and surprising poems e.g. the saucy 17th century 'A song of a young lady to her ancient lover' by Lord Rochester - there is something for every book lover here.


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Question: Long-Term Trends in the Number of Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Counted on Fall Migration at Long Point, Ontario, Canada (1995–2014)

ABSTRACT In Canada, the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (L.), is designated a species of “special concern.” During their southward journey each year, hundreds of thousands of monarchs funnel through Long Point, Lake Erie in Canada. Standardized daily counts of migrating monarchs have been conducted at two sites on Long Point for 20 consecutive years (1995–2014). Using a Bayesian framework, we estimated long-term trends in the number of migrants passing through Long Point. Over the 20-yr period, credible intervals for trends estimated at each site overlapped, with an estimated decline of 5.11%yr-1 across sites. However, trajectories differed between sites. At the more inland site, a more constant 7.78%yr-1 decline was detected, but at the tip of the peninsula, counts increased by 10.04%yr-1 from 1995–2005, followed by a decline of 11.9%yr-1 from 2004–2014. This resulted in an estimated 20-yr decline of 2.74%yr-1 at this site. Lower and less variable counts since 2010 appear to be driving the apparent l...

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The Impacts of Urbanization on Vernal Pool Wildlife 235 Direct Loss of Vernal Pools 235 Loss of Neighboring Terrestrial and Wetland Habitat 237 Increased Road Mortality 238 Barriers to Movement and Gene Flow 239 Other Edge-Related Effects of Habitat Fragmentation 240 Persistence of Vernal Pool Ecosytems in Urbanized Landscapes and Conservation Opportunities 241 Conservation Recommendations 241 Inventory and Monitoring Opportunities in Urbanizing Landscapes .......242 Avoid and Minimize 242 Mitigate Unavoidable Impacts 243 Preservation, Restoration, and Enhancement 244 Vernal Pool Creation 244 Mitigation Banking or In-Lieu Fee Programs 246 Use Published BMPs as Models, Not Gospel 246 Summary 246 Acknowledgments 247 References 247


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Question: Topological analysis of electron density distribution taken from a pseudopotential calculation

Theoretical studies of the electron density topology at the bond critical point for some small molecules, Ti, and Mo organometallic complexes were undertaken in order to understand the reason for the failure of the topological analysis of the coreless electron densities obtained from a pseudopotential calculation. We show that the absence of the core electron density is the main reason for such behavior. The erratic behavior of the effective core potentials electron densities can be corrected by adding atomic electron core density obtained from a single-atom Hartree-Fock calculation. The effect of orthogonalization of the core orbital with the valence orbitals was also investigated. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

High energy resolution reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra measurements were performed for Ni. We present the differential excitation probabilities for electrons traveling in nickel extracted from the spectra by using the Werner's elimination-retrieved algorithm. The electronic structure and optical properties of nickel have been determined by using newly developed reverse Monte Carlo method.


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Question: On the Determinants of Investment in Sub-Saharan African Manufacturing Firms

Investment is a crucial factor determining economic performance at the firm as well as the country level. In this paper I identify the determinants of the decision to invest in new plant and equipment as well as the determinants of the level of such investment for a sample of firms in 19 sub-Saharan African countries. In particular, I concentrate on the role of property rights, external finance, trade status and firm ownership on investment. Results indicate that internationally trading firms, foreign owned firms and firms with better access to sources of external finance tend to be more likely to invest and to invest more, with little role for indicators of property rights in influencing investment decisions found.

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Introduction and Overview (V. Munley, R. Thornton). The Irish Economy: Recent Experience and Prospects (M. Cassidy). Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of the Electronics and Pharmaceuticals Industries (J. Durkan). Nurturing Indigenous Entrepreneurship in Ireland: The Case of the Software Sector (C. Fanning, C. Murphy). Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the EMU (R. Thom). Fiscal Policy and the Public Finances: Creative Approaches to Pension Funding (J. McHale). Privatization of Electricity and Telecommunications in Ireland (M. McDowell). Has Ireland Outgrown its Clothes? Infrastructural and Environmental Constraints in Ireland (J. Fitzgerald). Ireland in the 1990s: The Problem of Unbalanced Regional Development (M. Keane). Ireland's Social Safety Net (E. Fitzgerald). The Celtic Tiger - A View from the Trenches of Academia (M.P. Mortell).


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Question: A Dimensional CLT for Non-Central Wilks’ Lambda in Multivariate Analysis

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Abstract. We consider the non‐central distribution of the classical Wilks’ lambda statistic for testing the general linear hypothesis in MANOVA. We prove that as the dimension of the observation vector goes to infinity, Wilks’ lambda obeys a central limit theorem under simple growth conditions on the non‐centrality matrix. In one case we also prove a stronger result: the saddlepoint cumulative distribution function (CDF) approximation for the standardized version of Wilks’ lambda converges uniformly on compact sets to the standard normal CDF. These theoretical results go some way towards explaining why saddlepoint approximations to the distribution of Wilks’ lambda retain excellent accuracy in high‐dimensional cases.

Inversion of Finite Toeplitz Matrices.- Inversion of Finite ToeplitzMatrices Consisting of Elements of a Noncommutative Algebra.- Matrix Integral Operators on a Finite Interval with Kernels Depending on the Difference of the Arguments.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. I. The Resultant Operator for Matrix Polynomials.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. II. The Continual Analogue of the Resultant Operator.- The Spectrum of Singular Integral Operators in L p Spaces.- On an Algebra Generated by the Toeplitz Matrices in the Spaces h p .- On Singular Integral Equations with Unbounded Coefficients.- Singular Integral Equations with Continuous Coefficients on a Composed Contour.- On a Local Principle and Algebras Generated by Toeplitz Matrices.- The Symbol of Singular Integral Operators on a Composed Contour.- One-dimensional Singular Integral Operators with Shift.- Algebras of Singular Integral Operators with Shift.


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Question: Carbon Fiber Powder Reinforced Epoxy Composites used for Rapid Tooling

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Carbon fiber powder (CFP) instead of the traditional glass fiber (cloth) was used to reinforce epoxy resin for rapid tooling. There are two obvious advantages: one is to utilize the waste materials, which is good for the protection of the environment; another is to simplify the producing process by cast molding. The filling amount and dispersing process of CFP was studied in this paper. The results show that when the amount of CFP was 10 wt%, and the ultrasonic time is more than 15 min, the CFP can be dispersed in the epoxy matrix uniformly, and the mechanical properties can meet the requirement of epoxy molding.

Introduction Production Processes for Metal Foams Processing and Joining of Metal Foams Modelling and Simulation of Cellular Structures Characterization of Structures and Properties Applications and Industrial Uses.


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Question: Minimal-Access Aortic Valve Replacement with Concomitant Aortic Procedure: A 9-Year Experience

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Examples:

"['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Man’s activities, especially the extraction of mineral resources, frequently create barren lands difficult to revegetate. Newly exposed surfaces tend to be physically unstable, chemically inferior, and microclimatologically unfavorable for plant life. In particular, surface-temperature extremes severely restrict the establishment and growth of native tree seedlings and grasses.']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'Energy Exchange and Plant Survival on Disturbed Lands']"

ObjectiveMinimal-access approaches through upper hemisternotomy is an established technique for aortic valve replacement (AVR) and aortic surgery in our institution. We assessed the outcome of unde...

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Abstract : Contents: Historical Perspective; Treatment Goals; Anatomic Illustrations; Early Care; Triage and Patient Evaluation; Hypovolemic Shock Presurgical Considerations; Surgical Management; Care at Intermediate Facilities, Late Care (Reconstruction-Rehabilitation); Bone Graft Reconstruction; Preprosthetic Surgery; Case Reports; and Research in Acquired Craniofacial Disfigurement.


Question:
represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

E.g. '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'RF characterization and modeling of various wire bond transitions']' == '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', 'This paper presents radio-frequency (RF) characterization and modeling of various wire bond transitions between chips and packages. Test modules composed of Si chips and alumina packages are fabricated in conductor-backed (CB) structures, and they are characterized at frequencies up to 20 GHz. It is shown that the parallel plate resonance of the CB coplanar waveguide (CPW) persists in wire bonding transitions, and narrower-ground CPW-CPW transitions show better characteristics than wider-ground CPW-CPW transitions. The results of three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulation on the test modules reproduce the measured results with a reasonable accuracy. Simple equivalent circuit modeling can reproduce the measured results of the narrower ground CPW transition with no resonance structures. Finally, the effects of bond wire length and impedance mismatch on RF performance are investigated.']' != '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Wire bond packaging for semiconductor devices has been the choice of low cost implementation to memory interface and high-speed transceivers. However, accurate characterization for wire bond package remains challenging owing to lack of consistent probing methodology. Meanwhile, semiconductor devices tend to have increasingly higher density of I/O, logic circuits and transceiver circuits yet shrinking die size. Therefore, the bonding die pads have to be allocated ever closer to accommodate more I/Os, transceivers and powers. This has made any 2-port transfer function measurement involving link between die pad through wire to BGA balls next to impossible. In this paper, an innovative measurement technology, surrogate chip substrate is proposed to enable accurate and consistent wire bond package measurements for multiple High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) channel, Double Data Rate (DDR) interface, and wire bond implementation of Power Distribution Networks (PDN)']'

Question: Application of Case Teaching to Thought Morals Tutelage and Legal Foundation

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The case teaching method is one kind of heuristic teaching method,which can enhance the ability of students to analyze and solve problems.It is also a teaching method which can apply theory to reality.In the teaching of Thought Morals Tutelage and Legal Foundation,case teaching plays an important role.In practice attention should be paid to dealing with quite several important issues.

Introduction: One Is the Lonelist Number The Civic Catechism Agoraphobia The Rite Stuff The Bawdy Politic Selected Bibliography Index


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Question: A Balancing Method for Load Adjustment According to Seasonal Production

Abstract This paper presents a new middle and/or long-term load adjustment approach guaranteeing the plan to match the plant’s capacity without scheduling only thanks to exploiting the margins associated to each task of a production order. This method is to be applied in the planning of seasonal industrial activities. A general use of this method is mentionned as a conclusion.

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Traditional Management and Management Engineering.- Dynamic Supply and Demand Balance Problems.- Linear and Probabilistic Resource Optimization and Allocation Problems.- Forecasting of Time Series.- Business Intelligence and Data Mining.- The Use of Game Theory.- Summary of Some Fundamental Management Engineering Principles.- Concluding Remarks.


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Question: Parallel CFD Analysis of Conjugate Heat Transfer in a Dry-Type Transformer

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In this paper, we present the conjugate heat transfer analysis in a 167-kVA dry-type transformer using the parallel version of the computational fluid dynamics code Fluent 6.0. The renormalization group kappa-epsiv model is proposed to compute the turbulent aspect of the convective airflow inside the transformer metal tank for Air Natural/Air Natural cooling conditions. An experimental approach was used to assess Joule losses in the low-/high-voltage windings and eddy-current losses in the magnetic core. The resulting mathematical model was solved using 14 compute nodes on a distributed machine.

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This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Management of Ureteral Defects by Renal Autotransplantation

The management of ureteral defects by renal autotransplantation was first reported by Hardy in 1963, when he described the application of this technique in a patient with severe ureteral injury (Hardy 1963). Renal autotransplantation has since become an established procedure in the treatment of various urological disorders. Some authors have suggested ureteral injury, defect, or disorder to be a main indication for renal autotransplantation (Stewart et al. 1977; Novick et al. 1981; Rembrink et al. 1993). Rembrink et al. (1993) reported excellent results with this technique in the treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis affecting the ureters, and renal autotransplantation has been shown to represent a valid therapeutic option in patients requiring replacement of all or a major portion of the ureter (Novick et al. 1990).

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Question: Changing patterns of transcript!onal and post-transcriptional control of l ver- gene expression during rat velopment

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transferrin, and cytochrome P450, TF-1) and post-transcriptional control (a~-acid glycoprotein, apolipoproteins A-1 and E, malic enzyme, and ATP citrate lyase), as well as "mixed" regulation (ligandin and cytochrome P450, RI7). Examples have been identified in which the predominant mode for regulating expression of preferentially expressed genes changes from transcriptional to post-transcriptional at different stages of liver development and some members of multigene families (cytochrome P450s and apolipoprotein genes) also show independent and sometimes contrasting modes of regulation. Therefore, it appears that regulation of specific gene expression in the liver is a dynamic process, far more complex than heretofore suspected, and a much greater contribution of posttranscriptional regulation accounts for changes in expression of genes representing major functions of the liver.

Zinc participates in the rnorphogenesis of a wide range of micro-organisms. In several dimorphic fungi such as Histoplasma capsdatum (Pine & Peacock, 1958), Mucur rouxii (Bartnicki-Garcia & Nickerson, x 962) and Candida albicuns (Widra, 1964)~ zinc completely reverses the filamentous or mycelial phase of growth. Fungal cultures in which the morphology is influenced by a single factor can be useful for the study of metabolic processes underlying the dimorphic phase conversion and in this paper the changes in some macromolecular constituents of C. albicans, associated with its morphological transformation, are described with respect to the concentration of zinc added to the defined basal medium.


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Question: Russian Enterprises in Transition

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The paper examines the behaviour of 100 firms interviewed regularly between 1993-4. It reaches the following conclusions:1) Following the inter-enterprise debt (IED) crisis of 1992, most firms have switched to a `pay-in-advance' system, which pushed firms towards a `hard budget constraint' economy, far away from what they were used to. As a result, the pressure to diversify suppliers, customers and products has been very strong.2) Wage earners have most often played the role of `residual claimants', unpaid in harsh times, and benefiting from luck or good management of their firms when things go well. This is not related to the shareholder structure of the firms but to the poor functioning of the labour markets.3) The structure of bank portofolios is essentially junk, and one must fear that a stabilization of the inflation rate will bring a collapse of many insolvent banks.

The Urgent Need to Look Ahead The Momentum of Tax Reform A View from the Legislative Front Experience from a Century of Change Demographic Shark in the Fiscal Water We're Not Getting Any Younger Taxation in a Small World The Search for Compatible Tax Systems International Tax Law: The Need for Constructive Change International Cooperation Is Possible Developing Countries' Delicate Balances Day of Reckoning Approaches for the European Community Outlook for Japan A Plea for Stable Principles Political Realities in a New Century Faith in Market Forces The US Supply-Side Revolution Another Side to the Supply Side Richer Means Harder to Tax A Second Word About Taxing Affluence A Pollution Tax Makes Sense Forces That Shape Tax Policy Computerized Tax Collecting The Value of Warning.


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Question: Open reduction with small incision in surgical management of calcaneal fracture

Objective To assess the outcome of open reduction with small incision and cannulated screws fixation for displaced fractures of calcaneus.Methods 46 patients with 53 cases of displaced calcaneal fractures were enrolled.The treatment was consisted of open reduction of the surface of subtalar joint and internal fixation with cannulated screws through a lateral approach of subtalar joint.Bone grafting was performed in some type Ⅲ and all type Ⅳ patients,and 4～6 weeks plaster immobilization was performed in all cases.Results All cases were followed up for 5～29(14.7±3.2)months.According to the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scores,the results were excellent in 37 cases,good in 13,fair in 3,and the excellent and good rate was 94.3%.No necrosis of skin around the incision occurred.Conclusions Satisfactory outcome can be expected with open reduction with small incision and internal fixation with cannulated screws for displaced calcaneal fractures.But in type Ⅳ fractures,the result is not as good as type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ.

Purpose ::: No study in literature clearly gives advantage of one method of surgical fixation of fracture over the other in metacarpal and phalangeal bones of hand comparing wider outcome measures.


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Question: Robin Best on living and working in Jingdezhen, China

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Journal editor Vicki Grima recently asked Robin a few questions about her last three and a half years in the 'Porcelain Capital'.

Kate Parkinson is a 2006 Bristol graduate who spent the first four years of her career in Melton Mowbray and then worked in Suffolk, before travelling by bus from London to Sydney. She has worked in Australia and New Zealand for four years and currently lives in Invercargill, Southland, New Zealand


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: TACFIRE Error Control: Improvements Using Iterated Codes.

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"['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Abstract We study the existence of equilibrium positions for the load problem in Lubrication Theory. The problem consists of two surfaces in relative motion separated by a small distance filled by a lubricant. The system is described by the modified Reynolds equation (Elrod–Adams model) which describes the behavior of the lubricant and an extra integral equation given the balance of forces. The balance of forces allows to obtain the unknown position of the surfaces, defined with one degree of freedom.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Equilibrium analysis for a mass-conserving model in presence of cavitation']"

Abstract : TACFIRE applies a shortened Hamming code to each character of a message. The correction of a single bit error within an encoded character is made by the Hamming decoder. Detectable but not correctable error patterns include all of two and many of four, six, eight, and 10 errors and cause rejection (nonacknowledgement) of the message. On noisy communication channels, retransmissions of rejected messages consume significant resources. To mitigate this high channel usage, a second stage of coding is applied to the characters of the message considered as an information set. This use of Reed-Solomon codes is shown to reduce the rate of message rejection for certain noisy channels. Additional keywords: Tactical communications; Message processing; Iterations. (Author)

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These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


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Question: Acute transformation of chronic large granular lymphocyte leukemia into an aggressive form associated with preferential organ involvement.

In most patients with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia, the disease appears to progress slowly if at all, and no therapy is generally required. We present a patient with CD3+ CD8+ CD16+ LGL leukemia, who showed a benign clinical course for more than 7 months without therapy, but subsequently developed aggressive disease. A feature of considerable interest was the transformation into an acute or aggressive form in this patient affected preferentially the liver and spleen, and was not associated with the hematologic features of the circulating leukemic cells, as assessed by morphologic, phenotypic and molecular analyses. The patient was treated with combination chemotherapy; this resulted in clinical remission with persistence of the abnormal clone in the peripheral blood. The mechanism responsible for the preferential organ involvement and the process of progression from the chronic to the acute form in this case are discussed from the viewpoint of a lymphoproliferative disorder.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a defect in the differentiation and function of T cells. An increased malignancy risk, mainly lymphatic malignancy, has been described in patients with SCID. We report a patient with X-linked SCID who developed acute myeloid leukemia, derived from the recip


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Question: End to end message encryption using Poly1305 and XSalsa20 in Low power and Lossy Networks*

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Security has been considered as a key concern in real world deployments of Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs). It has been challenging to ensure a secure communication between the constrained devices. IPSec and DTLS are known not to be amenable to immediate LLN applications due to their memory footprint and the amount of traffic established during their session. In this paper, we propose to use the so-called Authenticated Encryption (AE) that is based on Poly1305 and XSalsa20 to provide confidentiality, integrity and authenticity over the data packets. Experiments are carried out using Contiki OS, an open source operating system for the Internet of Things. They demonstrate that AE has extremely high speed, requires very little resource, and can be implemented in constrained environments.

In the computer networking, protocol is the most important part. The networking protocol that develop recently is IPv6. The protocol was not implemented yet by Computer Networking Laboratory in PLTUIN Jakata. In this paper, it will be explained networking model concept using IPv6 protocol, Linux operating system. At the implementation of IPv6 protocol, transition method of dual stack protocol.The Ipv6 protocol implementation will be provided for the applications of DNS Server, Web Server,FTP Server, SSH Server, and also server-client application. Keywords : IPv6, DNS Server, Web Server,FTP Server, SSH Server, and also server-client application .


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Question: Determination of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride in Feeds by Indirect ELISA

To establish an indirect ELISA technique for the detection of the content of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride(CLB) in feeds and analyse the specificity,sensitivity and reliability of the method,the CLB was used as antigen and rabbit anti-CLB was used as the first antibody and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP was used as the second antibody.The best dilution for rabbit anti-CLB and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP were decided according to the best reaction condition standards for ELISA,the indirect ELISA for the detection of CLB antigen expressed was established.The results suggested that the indirect ELISA is stable,highly sensitive and specific.This study demonstrates that the indirect ELISA is a specific and sensitive method in the detection of the expression of CLB antigen.

1 Overview of Forensic Drug Analysis 2 Immunoassay Technologies For Drugs-of-Abuse Testing 3 Cannabis: Methods of Forensic Analysis 4 Analysis of the Hallucinogens 5 Cocaine: Methods of Forensic Analysis 6 Opioids: Methods of Forensic Analysis 7 Amphetamines: Methods of Forensic Analysis 8 Illicit Drug Manufacture (with an Emphasis on Cladestine Methamphetamine Production): Synthetic Methods and Law Enforcement Concerns


Question: InGaAs/InGaAsP microcavity laser with directional output waveguide

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Long wavelength InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW wafers are grown by MOCVD technique. Novel structure microcavity laser is fabricated with this MQW material. This microcavity laser is integrated with one or two directional output waveguides, which is connected to the microcylinder or microring. The diameter of microcylinder laser is 10 to 60 micron and the width of the directional waveguide is 10μm with a length of 300micron. Low threshold current of 5mA and multi-mode lasing emission is realized in pulsed operation.

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In this paper, we report the enhanced direct band gap photoluminescence from carrier confinement in Ge quantum wells with SiGe barriers at room temperature. We have also fabricated a microdisk resonator and present the tapered-fiber coupled high-Q cavity mode from Ge quantum wells.


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Question: Inverting and/or non-inverting biquad circuit using second-generation current conveyors

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A configuration for realizing high input impedance inverting and/or non-inverting voltage-mode filters using second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) is presented. This configuration uses only three second-generation current conveyors, four (or three) grounded resistors and two (or three) grounded capacitors and can simultaneously realize bandpass and lowpass or bandpass and highpass responses. The resonance angular frequency and the quality factor can be orthogonally controllable. PSPICE simulation results are also included. current conveyors (CCIIs) is

(57) Abstract: low noise and gain controllable amplifiers with stable HF and DC characteristics like the receiver with low distortion are described. These functional units comprises at least one transadmittance stage having differential transistor pairs coupled in parallel. Gain control is achieved by varying the unbalance in the differential transistor pair.


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Question: [A case of oral squamous cell carcinoma responding to S-1].

A 76-year-old patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma was treated by chemotherapy with S-1. S-1 (100 mg/body/day) was orally administered for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period as one course. The primary lesion markedly decreased at 7 days after the beginning of S-1 treatment, and disappeared after one course of S-1. After two courses, the primary lesion was assessed to show a complete response (CR),and no tumor cells were identified as a result of biopsy. In addition, the value of tumor marker SCC decreased from 2.13 ng/mL before treatment to 0.68 ng/mL after two courses of S-1. Although the patient is still taking UFT, she is well with no signs of recurrence 50 months from the initial treatment.

The clinical and pathologic findings of a case of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma in a 5-month-old boy is reported. We believe that it probably represents the differentiated counterpart of nephroblastoma. After nephrectomy, the child was given a short course single cytotoxic therapy with vincristine for 6 months.


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Question: Computer experience: a poor predictor of computer attitudes

Considerable research has focused on the relationship between computer experience and attitudes. This study aimed to identify those experience factors that are best able to predict computer attitudes. A questionnaire was designed to incorporate various measures of experience as defined by previous researchers. Reliability analyses were appropriate for both experience and attitude scales. Relationships between these constructs whilst significant (p<0.01) were at best moderate in magnitude, and experience factors were poor predictors of computer attitude scores. However, exploratory analyses showed that high levels of variance in the variable ‘computer confidence’ could be explained by quantifiable use data. It is concluded that current questionnaire scales inadequately reflect the many aspects of experience that contribute toward computer attitudes.

Establishing the fundamentals of computational thinking is essential to improving computer science education.


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Question: Study of the reactions of 3-chloro-4-cyanobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridine with nucleophilic reagents

The reactions of 3-chloro-4-cyanobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridine (4) with S-, C-, and N-nucleophiles afford stable s-adducts at position 10. In the base-catalyzed reactions of compound 4 with thiols, the resulting σ-complexes are rearranged into sulfides 14a—c. Sulfides 14b,c undergo the Thorpe—Ziegler cyclization to give 1-aminobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-h][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives 15a,b. The reaction of naphthyridine 4 with aniline affords a mixture of σ-adducts of the C—N and C—C types, while those with aliphatic amines yield 3-amino derivatives 17a—c. In the presence of H2O2, benzonaphthyridine 4 adds peroxycarboxylic acids to give compounds 8a,b. In alkaline medium, adduct 8a is rearranged into 4-aminopyridine-3-carbaldehyde derivative 10.

Cyclization of formylated and acetylated α-substituted 2-aminomethylbenzothiazoles with phosphorus oxychloride gives 3-substituted imidazo [5, 1-b] benzothiazoles, and 3-substituted 1-methylimidazo [5, 1-b] benzothiazoles. Treatment of 2-benzothiazolyl-4-pyridylaminomethane with formic acid gives 3-(4-pyridyl) imidazo [5, 1-b] benzothiazole. 1-Mercapto-3-phenylimidazo [5, 1-b] benzothiazole is converted into 3-phenylimidazo [5, 1-b] benzothiazole by elimination of the mercapto group.


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Question: Effective pest and disease control in intensive crop farming systems : farming for tomorrow

While waterborne pathogens are the greatest disease threat to intensive crop production operations, insect pests and airborne pathogens can also impede an operation's success. Mark Laing, professor of plant pathology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) and director of the African Centre for Crop Improvement, explains that there are a number of ways, however, in which producers can significantly reduce, and then manage, disease and pests in their intensive crop farming systems.

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The importance of the sustainability of rice farming the origins and history of rice farming rice farming today the biophysical basis of the sustainability of rice farming maintaining the nutrient requirements of rice maintaining water supplies for rice social and economic factors and the sustainability of rice farming concerns about the sustainability of rice farming increasing and sustaining rice production.


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Question: Blind adaptive filtering of speech from noise of unknown spectrum using a virtual feedback configuration

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The paper describes a single-receiver blind adaptive filter (BAF) of speech from noise where neither speech nor noise are accessible, nor are their parameters known. The only prior knowledge employed by the BAF is that human speech is nonstationary whereas the noise is assumed to be quasistationary, i.e., stationary over a longer interval than that of any speech phoneme. The RAF has a four subsystem structure. The system consists of an identifying subsystem that is followed by a speech/noise parameter-separator. The noise is identified based on the stationary features of speech and noise. A feedforward subsystem sets optimization neighborhood to the virtual feedback subsystem where a cost-functional is minimized to jointly minimize the stationary part of the output while maximizing its nonstationary part. The system has been tested for performance for different signal to noise ratios (SNR) and for different types of noise parameters. Improvements for various noises range from 14-36 dB for -20 dB SNR inputs.

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For instance, <<['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', '0009-3130/12/4706-0998 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka-shi, Osaka 577-8502, Japan, fax: 81 6 6727 2024, e-mail: miyazawa@kindai.ac.jp; yusei8072@yahoo.co.jp. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 869–870, November–December 2011. Original article submitted June 30, 2010. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Vol. 47, No. 6, January, 2012 [Russian original No. 6, November–December, 2011]']>>  to "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Chemical composition of essential oil from bark of Saraca indica']"

In this work, we are concerned by a new iterative Kalman filtering scheme where a linear predictor model parameters are estimated from noisy speech. However, when only noise-corrupted speech is available, the enhancement performance of the Kalman filter is somewhat dependent on the accuracy of the LPC and excitation variance estimates. Nevertheless, linear prediction based speech (LPC) analysis is known to be sensitive to the presence of additive noise. To overcome this problem we present in this paper an analysis and application of the iterative Kalman filtering with overlapped frames. Our enhancement experiments use a NOIZEUS corpus where the proposed method achieves higher Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) score and better subjective tests than the iterative scheme of Gibson as well as other enhancement methods.


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Question: Modified weighted centroid of grids target localization algorithm for WSNs

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In research of WSNs,because of large error of centroid localization algorithm,the region of target localization has been reduced and divided into many small grids.Using the relation of object and location node,effective grids are obtained.By these left grids and modified weighted centroid of grids localization algorithm that is modified weighted centroid of grids localization algorithm is presented.The simulation shows that the localization of target error obtained by this method is about 0.6m.And the errors of centroid localization algorithm and ordinary centroid of grids localization algorithm are about 3.6m and 2.4m.Modified weighted centroid of grids localization algorithm is better than the others.It also has character of real time and has its own advantage.

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In this article is presented a genetic algorithm used to locate in an optimal way, the sensors in a robot line follower.


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Question: Is sequestration structure-specific in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus?

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Extracts of Oncopeltus fasciatus adults, fed from the first instar on sunflower seed diets impregnated with bufadienolides-cardenolide analogs, contained no detectable bufadienolides or polar steroid metabolites on TLC. O. fasciatus did sequester cardenolides from host and non-host sources, and bufadienolides were recovered from extracts of impregnated seeds. Possible reasons for the absence of detectable bufadienolides in these insects are suggested.

New record of predatory ladybird beetle (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) feeding on extrafloral nectaries. Feeding by Exoplectra miniata (Germar) on extrafloral nectaries of Inga edulis Mart. was observed in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is the first record of this behavior for Exoplectrini.


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Question: No. 48397 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and China

Global Environment Facility Grant Agreement (Shanghai Agricultural and Non-Point Pollution Reduction Project) between the People's Republic of China and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (acting as an Implementing Agency of the Global Environment Facility) (with schedules, appendix and Standard Conditions for Grants made by the World Bank out of various funds, dated 1 July 2008). Beijing, 15 September 2010

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F-52-R14 Annual Report to Division of Fisheries Illinois Department of Natural Resources ::: issued May 2000


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Question: On the Chromatic Index of Random Uniform Hypergraphs

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Let $\mathbb{H}^{(k)}(n, N)$, where $k \ge 2$, be a random hypergraph on the vertex set $[n] = \{1, 2, \dots, n\}$ with $N$ edges drawn independently with replacement from all subsets of $[n]$ of size $k$. For $\bar{d} = k N/n$ and any $\varepsilon > 0$ we show that if $k = o(\ln ({\bar d}/\ln n))$ and $k = o(\ln (n/\ln {\bar d}))$, then with probability $1-o(1)$ a random greedy algorithm produces a proper edge coloring of $\mathbb{H}^{(k)}(n, N)$ with at most $\bar{d} (1+\varepsilon)$ colors. This yields the asymptotic chromatic number of the corresponding uniform random intersection graph.

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Inversion of Finite Toeplitz Matrices.- Inversion of Finite ToeplitzMatrices Consisting of Elements of a Noncommutative Algebra.- Matrix Integral Operators on a Finite Interval with Kernels Depending on the Difference of the Arguments.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. I. The Resultant Operator for Matrix Polynomials.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. II. The Continual Analogue of the Resultant Operator.- The Spectrum of Singular Integral Operators in L p Spaces.- On an Algebra Generated by the Toeplitz Matrices in the Spaces h p .- On Singular Integral Equations with Unbounded Coefficients.- Singular Integral Equations with Continuous Coefficients on a Composed Contour.- On a Local Principle and Algebras Generated by Toeplitz Matrices.- The Symbol of Singular Integral Operators on a Composed Contour.- One-dimensional Singular Integral Operators with Shift.- Algebras of Singular Integral Operators with Shift.


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Question: 3D Quantification of Biological Damage for a 160 MeV Proton Beam

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Current Treatment Planning System uses advanced optimization algorithm with Dose Calculation Engine to optimize the dose delivered to the tumor to maximize the tumor-killing potential while limiting the side-effects to the normal tissues. Working in parallel, there are various radiobiology simulation programs being developed by different research groups to quantify biological endpoints such as Double Strand Breaks (DBSs) yield and Chromosome Aberration (CA) induced by different radiation types. In this paper, we conduct a novel preliminary work to combine these two areas to determine DSB yields in a 3D CT geometry. Our preliminary result shows that the position of the Bragg Peak determined from dose deposition differs from the position of maximal DSB yields. The difference can range from 0 to 1 mm, hence showing that dose is not entirely indicative of biological damage in tissue.

Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.


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Question: Academic tweeting: building up your followers

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['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Abstract : MOTIVATION/OBJECTIVE: Higher accuracy GPS positioning to meet Mine Countermeasure (MCM) requirements * Lower latency GPS orbit and clock data available at GPSOC (every 15 minutes) -- Communicate augmentation data directly to users -- Improved accuracy for: Remote mine geolocation * Navigation * Mine-object avoidance * Situational awareness.'] == ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!', 'Increasing Location Accuracy with Network Augmented GPS for Mine Countermeasures']

Following the launch of the guide on using Twitter in university research, teaching, and impact activities, we look at some ways that those new to Twitter can build up their followers.

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Can social media be used to promote learning? This article includes an overview of social networking sites with specific examples of how nursing professional development practitioners might use each for professional development activities.


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Question: Management of congenitally missing second premolars with orthodontics and single-tooth implants.

This article describes the treatment of an adolescent girl who was congenitally missing all 4 second premolars and had a retained mandibular second primary molar. Various treatment alternatives are discussed, and the final treatment plan of space opening for 3 implants and space closure of the maxillary left second premolar site is presented.

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Background ::: The purpose of this retrospective study was to develop a two- and three-dimensional analysis of the airway using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to determine whether the airway space would be changed in mandibular prognathism after bimaxillary surgery involving maxillary posterior impaction.


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Question: Lack of defence of the undertakings involved in antitrust follow on action and compliance with the Italian constitutional principles

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The provided query could be "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Labeling cardiovascular drugs probes with a fluorescent tag is an alternative method of measuring drugs activities and distributions in vivo, and further using of advanced tools to diagnose or detect cardiovascular diseases. Using this approach, a fluorescent probe (betahistine-Flu, 1) of Betahistine-based was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS, and its UV-Vis absorption spectral and fluorescence spectral, and fluorescence imaging in cell model were investigated. It was found that the fluorescent probe display strong green fluorescence, and have good optical effect in cell. This study reveals a good and interesting results of betahistine-directed fluorescent probe, and its may be a possible candidate for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and analysis in vivo.']" and the positive "['Represent this text.', 'Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Betahistine Conjugates with Unique Imaging Property']"

The article analyses an Italian Supreme Court decision, which stated that a cartel casedecision of the Italian antitrust authority («Iaa») could limit the evaluations of a Judgein charge in the follow on private enforcement case related to the cartel already ascertainedby the Iaa. This Supreme court decision is coherent with the needs of theEu Commission to increase the private enforcement cases within the Eu. The authorwhile considers positive any mechanism which facilitates the burden of proof of anyclaimant in the antitrust private enforcement cases, fears, that the principle stated bythe Supreme Court, may de facto confers the a role of judge to the Iaa (which is anindependent agency but not a Judge, under Italian law). Thus, the Supreme court decisioncould give rise to concerns of compliance with the Italian constitutional principle,which state that no one may be withheld from the jurisdiction of the judge previouslyascertained by law.

Key changes triggered by the amendment relate to a company's liability for cartel infringements, the introduction of a transaction value test into merger control, private enforcement through the…


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Question: The Decay Property of the Solutions to the Incompressible Dorous Mdeium Equation

This paper aims to make a consideration of the incompressible porous medium equation and the property of the semigroup operatore-t(-Δ)α.The global decay rate of the solutions to the equation is established provided initial data is small enough in the space PMn+1-2α(Rn).

Preface. 1. On Regularization of Linear Equations on the Basis of Perturbation Theory. 2. Investigation of Bifurcation Points of a Nonlinear Equations. 3. Regularization of Computation of Solutions in a Neighborhood of the Branch Point. 4. Iterations, Interlaced Equations and Lyapunov Conbex Majorants in Nonlinear Analysis. 5. Methods of Representation Theory and Group Analysis in Bifurcation Theory. 6. Singular Differential Equations in Banach Spaces. 7. Steady-State Solutions of the Vlasov-Maxwell System. Appendices. A: Positive solutions of the nonlinear singular boundary value problem of magnetic insulation. References. Index.


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Question: Effects of an audience and variable architectural features on the acoustics of Boettcher Concert Hall

Acoustic parameters (including reverberation time, early decay time, relative sound level, early to late sound ratios, lateral energy fraction, and interaural cross correlation) have been measured in Boettcher Concert Hall. All parameters were measured using different settings of variable architectural features such as acoustic drapes, variable height overhead stage reflectors, and movable stage towers. The monaural parameters were also measured with and without an audience. The effects of the variable features on the acoustic parameters are assessed. The effects of the audience on some of the acoustic parameters have been estimated using standard calculation methods. Calculated differences are compared to those actually measured in the hall. [Work supported by the Concert Hall Research Group.]

Racquetball courts are interesting acoustic spaces. The architecture varies from court to court; therefore, the acoustic environment also changes. This talk will present reverberation time measurements of two types of courts: fully enclosed courts and courts with open viewing areas. Similarities and differences in the decay times will be discussed. This research will also investigate a player's exposure level during a typical racquetball match.


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Question: Tetrahymena thermophila: a valuable model for the study of functional genomics

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Tetrahymena thermophila has been proven to be a valuable biological model for molecular and genetic studies of eukaryotic cells. Some investigations on the ciliated protozoan have provided the insights into the mechanism of ribozymes, self-splicing RNA, telomere structure and function, DNA sequence reorganization and so on. Compartmentalization of the genome into two functionally distinct nuclei, the silent micronucleus and the transcriptionally active macronucleus, provides a powerful means for controlling the expression of transgenes.

Incorporation of a new unnatural amino acid during protein synthesis enables proteomic profiling of specific cell types in whole animals.


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Question: A Role Assignment Method of Multi-Intelligent Agent Cooperation Based On Four-Legged Robot Soccer Match

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Four-Legged Robot Soccer Match and structure of strategy sub-system is introduced. Developing on the robot AIBO made by SONY company, Role assignment questions of multi-intelligent cooperation based on the match is presented. A method of DKD is proposed in order to reduce strategy collision and make it more clear in task assignment.

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Argument-Based Reasoning.- Personality-Based Practical Reasoning.- Argumentation Based Resolution of Conflicts between Desires and Normative Goals.- A Constrained Argumentation System for Practical Reasoning.- An Argumentation Framework Based on Strength for Ontology Mapping.- Contextual Extension with Concept Maps in the Argument Interchange Format.- Argumentation and Dialogue.- Command Dialogues.- Argumentation and Artifact for Dialogue Support.- Co-ordination and Co-operation in Agent Systems: Social Laws and Argumentation.- Annotation and Matching of First-Class Agent Interaction Protocols.- Strategic and Pragmatic Issues.- Argumentation- vs. Proposal-Based Negotiation: An Empirical Case Study on the Basis of Game-Theoretic Solution Concepts.- Argumentation-Based Information Exchange in Prediction Markets.- An Argumentative Approach for Modelling Coalitions Using ATL.- A Dialogue Mechanism for Public Argumentation Using Conversation Policies.


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Question: Investigation of Wake Effects on the Energy Production of Small Wind Turbines

This paper examines the impact of natural and man-made obstructions on local wind conditions and the performance of small wind turbines when impacted by wake effects. The rural site used for this research contains three Skystream 3.7 turbines in close proximity to each other and several buildings. A 13 m meteorological tower with wind speed and direction sensors was installed in a nearby open area. An empirical analysis was conducted to provide a comparison of turbine performance and measured wind speed for each turbine as a function of localized disturbances caused by turbine placement. Turbine proximity to nearby buildings was observed to cause an overall reduction in power production, although cases of apparent wind speed-up induced by the buildings, and increased relative power output, were also observed. A reduction in wind turbine power output due to the wake of an adjacent turbine was observed. Overall, the turbine closest to the buildings produced about 10% less energy during the measurement perio...

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Wind Characteristics: Strong Winds and Tropical Cyclones. Wind Characteristics: Long Term Wind Statistics. Wind Loading of Tall Buildings. Wind Loading of Low Rise Structures. Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques for Wind Loading. Safety and Risk: Wind Codes Low Rise Building Wind Resistant Design. Wind Loading of Chimneys and Cooling Towers. Wind Loading of Bridges. Wind Loading of Cables and Transmission Lines. Wind Loading of Towers and Offshore Platforms. Fundamentals of Bluff Body Aerodynamics. Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Mathematical Models of Wind Loading. Internal Pressures, Natural Ventilation and Heat Losses Due to Wind. Topographic Modelling, Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants. Wind Environment and Shelter. Wind Characteristics: Structure and Statistics. Wind Characteristics: Flow Over Hills and Ridges. Wind Power Systems. Appendices.


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Question: Market Regulations and USO in the Revised Swiss Postal Act: Provisions and Authorities

This paper analyzes the market regulations and USO as defined in the Swiss Postal Act and their interaction with competition law. Specifically, the paper covers the following aspects of the regulatory framework for the postal sector in Switzerland: First, the scope of the USO, consisting of provisions on the range of products to be offered and their prices, on the density and accessibility of the postal outlet network as well as the coverage and frequency of delivery. Second, it analyzes the financing of the USO, consisting of provisions on the calculation of the net cost, a residual monopoly for letters up to 50 grams and a regulatory cost allocation mechanism to ensure consistency of price regulation and the financing of the USO. Third, it presents the relevant regulatory authorities, consisting of the allocation of competences and the interfaces between the regulators (PostCom, OFCOM, ComCo, Price Supervisor).

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Lobbying Towards a Global Standard-Setter A Fair Go for Fair Value The Behavior Modification Impact of International Accounting Standards on Decision-Making and Risk Management Fair Value-The Basis of International Financial Reporting Standards Fair Value Accounting under IAS/IFRS: Concepts, Reasons, Criticisms Adopting and Implementing International Financial Reporting Standards in Transition Economies International Convergence A Meta-National Perspective on Accounting and Auditing in Nonprofit Organizations How About Performance Audits For Public Companies


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Question: Effect of load parameter on tribological behavior of UHMWPE/Pongamia oil-cake incorporated basalt epoxy composites

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Abstract The wear nature of basalt epoxy specimens incorporated with both POC and UHMWPE was studied by using wear test tribometer. The wear rate was calculated with respect to applied load. The test specimens were formulated using VARTM technique. The % of filler material in the specimen was varied from 0 wt% to 6 wt% (POC and UHMWPE). The outstanding wear behavior was recovered with basalt composites with the fillers. The fracture surface of the specimens was examined by using high resolution scanning electron microscope to analyze the wear data. It was observed that addition of fillers is very important when the worn out of the specimen at initial stages. The process of tribo-film, fibre breakages accounts for wear at much later stages.

The MgO/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite film and the sandwich-structure LDPE/MgO-LDPE/LDPE nanocomposite film were prepared by melt blending and hot pressing. Based on the Maxwell–Wagner eff...


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Question: Factors affecting schedule-induced wood-chewing in rats: Percentage and rate of reinforcement, and operant requirement

In Experiment 1, rats were allowed to acquire either schedule-induced drinking or schedule-induced wood-chewing behavior under a fixed-interval (FI) 60-sec schedule of food reinforcement, following which food was omitted from 20% and then 50% of interreinforcement intervals. Omission of food severely disrupted induced drinking but had relatively little effect on induced wood-chewing. Experiment 2 investigated wood-chewing as a function of reinforcement rate, using a range of FI schedules from 5 to 180 sec in duration. Both the amount of chewing per session and the relative time spent chewing were bitonically related to reinforcement rate. In Experiment 3, schedule-induced chewing that had been acquired under a response-dependent schedule was found to persist under a response-independent schedule. Induced wood-chewing resembles other induced behaviors in important respects, but quantitative differences are also apparent.

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In a laboratory simulation of foraging conditions, pigeons maintained ad lib weight by treadle pressing for lengthy periods of access to grain in a 24-hr live-in environment. Localized visual signals produced by treadle pressing evoked approach and pecking behavior if they signaled impending food presentation (Pavlovian first-order conditioning) or the presentation of an established signal for food (Pavlovian second-order conditioning). These findings imply a role for associative mechanisms in the control of foraging.


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'['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Disruption of light-dark cycle of feeding and drinking behavior, and ambulatory activity induced by development of obesity in the Zucker rat.']' == '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'To clarify the contribution of abnormalities and disruption of the light-dark cycle of feeding behavior during obesity progression in Zucker rats, feeding, drinking and ambulation were measured at four different stages of obesity. In the obese rats, the nocturnal pattern of feeding, drinking and ambulation shifted gradually into the light period with the progression of obesity. The lean rats however were unaffected. In the analysis of meal parameters, nocturnal dominance of meal size in the obese disappeared by 12 weeks of age and that of meal frequency was lost by 30 weeks of age. This disruption of the light-dark cycle in meal parameters appeared uneven at different stages indicating that synergistic impairment of meal size and meal frequency might contribute to the impairment of the nocturnal feeding pattern, which leads, in part, to the development of obesity.']' != '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'After removal of habitual partners, white female rats revealed a considerable increase in the corticosterone synthesis and secretion. An increase in the hormone secretion but not in its synthesis occurred in young male rats. In ageing male rats, emotional stress induced an increase in the corticosterone synthesis but the hormone did not enter their blood. High responsiveness of the adaptation systems was revealed in female rats through modification of their basal and stress-induced levels of corticosterone during a 72-hour exposure to light and darkness.']'

Question: Three New Phthalides from Gnaphalium adnatum

Three new phthalides, gnaphalides A–C (1–3, resp.), together with three known phthalides, were isolated from the aerial part of Gnaphalium adnatum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 6-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-en-1-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one (1), 5-hydroxy-7-[(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)oxy]-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one (2), and 1,3-dihydro-7-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]-1-oxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (3) on the basis of spectral analyses. The structure of 1 was also confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The three known phthalides, identified as 5,7-dihydroxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (4), anaphatol (5), and 7-O-(β-glucopyranosyl)-5-hydroxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (6), were isolated from the genus Gnaphalium for the first time.

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been applied to multielemental determinations of medicinal extracts obtained from the plants.Cordia Verbenacea DC, Folidago Microglossa DC, and Petiveria Alliacea.


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Question: Use of non-volatile memory is read to obtain the status multistrobe confidence data methods and systems

An apparatus may include a non-volatile memory to retrieve data from the processor circuit and may be operable to set a plurality of times a read operation by sensing the operation of the memory cell is read multistrobe read on the processor circuit module , wherein each of the sensing operation to be performed at different sensing conditions. The multistrobe read module is further operable to schedule a new sensing operation when the value in one or more read condition when no sense to continue the case where recharging multiple word lines within a preset range sensing operation in a previous sensing operation. It is disclosed and claimed other embodiments.

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The processing system 10 that uses the search engine, and control 16 and display engine 18 and the cross-user interface 12, which acts are disclosed. Detection and control engine 16 to operate on a data set (14) identifies the specific elements in the directory structure. And display engine 18 to compile the identified element of the tree table 20 constituting the display 22 related to the directory structure (format). Omitted from the pruning indicator 34 and sibling pruning indicator 36 is the intermediate directory structure to reflect the identified element and a sibling element to be displayed in a truncated context in is used in the display 22, a complex directory structure that gives notice to the user. Search engines display engine, user interface, pruning indicator


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Question: A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seals phylogeny

Here we describe a new phocid, Hadrokirus martini gen. et sp. nov., from the Pisco Formation, in the locality of Sud-Sacaco (Late Miocene to Early Pliocene of Peru). This taxon is the third true seal described from this locality. It is characterized by strong dentition paired with a powerful masticatory musculature and a peculiar atlas. No precise diet is inferred here, but a propensity for durophagy and predation on large prey (such as the extant leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx) can be considered. A cladistic analysis including characters from the literature as well as original ones places Hadrokirus among lobodontines in a clade with Piscophoca pacifica, another phocid from the Pisco Formation. In addition, this analysis supports the monophyly of both Phocinae and Monachinae and recognizes a clade consisting of the four extant species of lobodontines, with Acrophoca longirostris (the third phocid from the Pisco Formation) as sister-group of this clade. All clades are supported by unambiguous non-homopla...

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This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge on the evolution and fossil record of Bovidae and identifies topics and problems for further study. The earliest records of the different bovid tribes are reviewed, along with their geographic locations. Future work on the fossil bovid record should focus on: the reinvestigation of osteological characters that might distinguish early bovids from stem taxa; the late Miocene fossil record with respect to the evolutionary origins and biogeography of the living bovid tribes; and improved methodologies for reconstructing bovid phylogeny using morphology. This paper reflects the main themes discussed at the meeting of the Revealing Hominid Origins Initiative Bovid Analytical Working Group in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.


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Question: Diseases of the developing hip joint.

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The best treatment for diseases of the hip can begin if one diagnoses the disorder as soon as possible after onset. In many cases, successful management of the disease will prevent permanent damage to the hip joint. If injury occurs to the developing hip joint, major hip surgery may be necessary in adult life.

The question is discussed in general terms and attention is drawn to the influence of body constitution of an individual. (OTS)


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Question: The Present Status of the Super-Additive Solution

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A vehicle antiskid brake control system in which a low threshold acceleration signal is formed in addition to the normal acceleration signal to withhold the reapplication of brake pressure an extended duration following a wheel skid correction to allow sufficient time for an accelerating wheel to reach substantial synchronous speed before braking is resumed when running on a roadway affording such a poor adhesion characteristic as to preclude attainment of a normal rate of wheel acceleration. On a roadway affording a good adhesion characteristic the low threshold acceleration signal is automatically prevented from influencing the antiskid system and the reapplication of brake pressure is instead influenced according to the normal acceleration signal.

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In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of One Step Universal Evolution Of Any Real Positive Number.


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Question: Porous para-oriented aromatic polyamide film, prepreg thereof and base substrate for printed circuit board

PURPOSE: To provide a porous para-aromatic polyamide film with a light weight and a low thermal linear expansion coefficient which are the characteristics of a para-aramid, and having large tear-spreading resistance, to provide a method for producing the film, to provide a prepreg prepared by impregnating the film with a thermoplastic resin and/or a thermosetting resin, and to provide a substrate using the prepreg and used for a printed circuit. CONSTITUTION: This porous para-aromatic polyamide film comprises 100 pts.wt. of a para-aromatic polyamide and 10 to 400 pts.wt. of fine particles comprising a heat-resistant resin, and has a thermal linear expansion coefficient of <=±50x10¬-6/°C at 200 to 300°C. The method for producing the film. The prepreg produced by impregnated the film with a thermoplastic resin and/or a thermosetting resin. The substrate using the prepreg and used for a printed circuit.

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The present invention relates to a novel carbon nanotube powder comprising carbon nanotubes having a hoisting-shaped structure. The present invention further provides a novel carbon nanotube having a hoisting-shaped structure, and novel method of manufacturing the carbon nanotube powder and carbon nanotubes, and their use as additives or materials for various applications.


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Question: EFFECT OF SILDENAFIL IN PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Primary pulmonary hypertension is a disorder with limited treatment options and poor outcome. We demonstrated a beneficial role of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. After the initiation of sildenafil the pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 40/20mmHg to 16/6mmHg, while mean pulmonary arterial systolic pressure decreased from 25mmHg to 10mmHg. Sildenafil has a beneficial effect in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension in improving the functional class and decreasing the pulmonary artery pressures.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


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Question: The Ontology of Process Philosophy in Follett's Administrative Theory

The importance of ontology to social theory is emerging in a variety of fields associated with political theory, including public administration. This article explores the ontological underpinnings of Follett's theory of governance, including both political and administrative theory. The observation of similarities between Follett's concepts and those of Whitehead's process philosophy led to the discovery that they were indeed contemporaries who mutually influenced one another's work, with Follett focusing on the social and Whitehead focusing on the physical. This article interprets and analyzes their key principles, finding a shared ontology that understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference. Together, these concepts prefigure a political form that can be called Follettian governance—facilitation of a way of living together through a relational process of becoming unique individuals, collectively engaged in an ...

Systems: Origin and Evolution, Terms and Concepts. Systems and Complexity. Systems and Measurement. Systems and Modeling: Diagrams and System Identification. Systems View of Management and Organizations. Systems Approach to 'Problem Solving'. Systems Theory in International Relations. Systems Models of Dynamic Processes. Quantitative Cybernetics. System and Model Decomposition. Systems Science: Making Sense of the Philosophical Issues. Index.


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Question: Association bored concrete pile continuous wall with high pressure concrete supplement application on the construction technology

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Incorporated with specific engineering example,association bored concrete pile continuous wall with high pressure concrete supplement method application on the water-resisting curtain engineering in the coastal areas was illustrated.The bored concrete pile continuous wall construction programmer and high pressure concrete supplement technology were introduced emphatically,so as to popularize the water-resisting curtain application and can be referenced for the similar engineering.

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Nanjing Tongxi international plaza with large deep foundation pit engineering,by using "the cast-in-place pile soil nailing + steel pipes soil nails between piles "and" natural slope + hang put slurry-spraying concrete" combined bolting net form,large plane without internal support construction. Detailed introduces the key technology used in engineering,including between pile soil nailing construction technology,jet grouting pile construction technology,technical support,spray put slope precipitation construction technology. In the construction process,also adopted the advanced technology and information technology,the monitoring of ensuring foundation pit construction under control.


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Question: The prediction of overall collection efficiency of air pollution control devices from fractional efficiency curves.

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The application of air pollution control devices requires the prediction of overall collection efficiency from the particle size distribution of the dust and the fractional efficiency of the air pollution control device. The cumulative particle size distribution of dust resulting from industrial processes can usually be represented by a straight line on logarithmic probability paper or a log normal function. The fractional efficiency curves of many air pollution control devices such as cyclones or wet scrubbers can also be adequately represented by a log normal function. Only two parameters are required to define a log normal function, a median diameter and a geometric standard deviation. Both of these can easily be obtained from a plot on logarithmic probability paper. The overall collection efficiency has been found to be Very simply related to the four parameters required to define the log normal functions representing the particle size distribution and the collector fractional efficiency. These four p...

ABSTRACT In this paper, compared are filtration characteristics of two different filters made from uncharged melt-blown media and electrostatically charged split-fiber media. The split-fiber filters have stronger electrostatic charges in the media than the melt-blown filter, which in turn enhances the initial fractional efficiency. The compared parameters are fractional efficiencies, dust holding capacities, incremental fractional efficiencies, and pressure drop. The advantages and disadvantages of these filters for cabin air filtration applications are discussed based on the experimental results obtained using SAE-fine dust and sodium chloride test aerosol. The optimization process of the filter selection is also discussed.


Question: Studies of combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with a moving-belt interface

Abstract The advantages and limitations of a moving-belt interface for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are discussed using examples of combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of natural coumarins, alkaloids, rotenoids, sugars, nucleosides, peptides and pesticides and drugs and their metabolites. Preliminary data obtained using a micro high-performance liquid chromatograph interfaced to the moving belt are reported.

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has an important role in cell division, in the central nervous system, and in joint-related pathologies such as osteoarthritis. Due to the complex chemical structure and biological importance of CS, simple, sensitive, high resolution, and robust analytical methods are needed for the analysis of CS disaccharides and oligosaccharides. An ion-pairing, reversed-phase, ultraperformance liquid chromatography (IPRP-UPLC) separation, coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with an ion trap mass analyzer, was applied for the analyses of CS-derived disaccharides. UPLC separation technology uses small particle diameter, short column length, and elevated column temperature to obtain high resolution and sensitivity. Hexylamine (15 mM) was selected as the optimal ion-pairing reagent.


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Question: Security aspects of mobile phone virus: a critical survey

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Purpose – The paper's aim is to provide information about mobile viruses for end‐users or organizations and recommend useful tips of how individuals can protect their mobile phones from the intrusion of mobile phone viruses.Design/methodology/approach – This paper surveys chronicle, securities, risks and countermeasure of mobile phone viruses.Findings – This paper investigates infection routes, threats, damage, and spreading ways of mobile phone viruses and provides available countermeasures. It also provides useful tips about mobile viruses, indicating what to do and how to do it.Research limitations/implications – This research may not be exhaustive about mobile viruses.Practical implications – A very useful source of information and impartial advice for end‐users or organizations who are planning to protect their mobile phones and their own privacy.Originality/value – This paper is the first to survey the risk of mobile phones and it discusses how organizations or individuals can protect mobile phones ...

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An introduction to the concept, advantages and implementation technologies of mobile agents systems are given Then it proposes a mobile agents based supply chain management model and framework How an order is fulfilled in the model was studied Last, the problem related to the application of mobile agents to supply chain management was analyzed and discussed


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Question: Location of new clear plaque genes on the P1 map.

Abstract Genes c 6, c 7, and c 8 have been located on the P1 map and gene c l has been relocated. Based on map location and phenotype, c 6, c 7, and c 8 appear to differ from each other and from c l through c 5. Class A virulent mutants are very closely linked to gene c 1; they may be involved with control of c 1 or may be a subclass of c 1 mutants. A mutant that complements with neither c 4 mutants nor c 1 mutants is also linked very tightly to gene c 1 and may be a type of c 1 alteration.

. A new set of FMR lines observed after reducing for 45 min is the emphasis studied in this note.


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Question: SEVERAL REACTIONS OF POLYHALOGENOPHENYLTRIMETHYLSILANES IN THE PRESENCE OF FLUORIDE ION

Polyhalogenophenyltrimethylsilanes such as 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trifluoro-, 3-chloro-2,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-, 2,6-difluoro-, and 2,6-dichlorophenyltrimethylsilanes in KF/DMF-system underwent Grignard-like reactions with benzaldehyde or iodine. In these reactions the silicon complex coordinated with fluoride ion was assumed to be the reaction intermediate.

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Compositions METAL SOLUTION, FOR USE IN PARTICULAR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS. OBTAINED SPEEDS IMPROVED WINDING METAL WHEN USING A SOLUTION CONTAINING SULFURIC ACID, THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND fURAN.