Question: CD32b expression is down-regulated on double-negative memory B cells in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Inhibitory CD32b receptors on B cells are critical for humoral immunity. The humoral response plays a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This study aimed to investigate B cell subset distribution and CD32b expression within these subsets in HT patients. B cell subset distribution and CD32b expression were analyzed in 60 HT patients and 21 healthy donors. Subset distribution and CD32b expression following stimulation with α-Ig and α-CD40 were also assessed. The percentage of double-negative (DN) memory cells was increased in the HT patients, while the expression level of CD32b on DN memory cells was decreased. Redistribution of B cell subsets was detected in response to stimulation with α-Ig. In addition, the expression level of CD32b was reduced following α-CD40 stimulation. These results suggest that abnormal B cell subset distribution and decreased CD32b expression on DN memory cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of HT.

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Objective: The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the distribution of natural killer (NK) cells and T-cell subsets, including γδT cells, in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid ar...


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Question: Re-enchanting Financial Markets: Community, Myth and Morality

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Technology has contributed to what Max Weber termed the disenchantment of the world. Employees risk being deprived of their experience of meaning in work. Presently, we observe magic, morality and narrative being allowed to enter business. Re-enchantment is a broad, but ignored tendency characterising the present exit from industrial society and stretching into financial markets. This piece of research takes a micro-sociological interest in the mentality and culture of financial markets. It also has a macro-sociological character in dealing with the rationalization of society. Three major aspects of a desired re-enchantment are studied; community, myth and morality.

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Introduction. PART ONE: Sallie Westwood 1. Ruptures: Decentred Nations: Transnationalism and the Nation in Latin America 2. The Politics of Belonging: Political Love 3. The Politics of Belonging: Imagining America 4. Economic Ethnoscapes: Diamonds are Forever - Making Connections: Trans-Nationals, Nation and Migration PART TWO: Annie Phizacklea 5. Ruptures: Migration and Globalisation 6. The Politics of Belonging: Sex Work, Domestic Work and Transnational Household Strategies 7. Economic Ethnoscapes: Men, Women and Business


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Question: Effects of Noise on Synchronization and Spatial Patterns in Coupled Neuronal Systems

The effects on synchronization and spatiotemporal patterns in coupled neurons are investigated. Firstly, noise-induced and noise-enhanced synchronization can be observed in coupled neuronal systems as the noise level attains suitable values. Secondly, the collective behaviour of a square lattice Hodgkin– Huxley neuronal network model with white noise is studied. It is shown that when the noise level reaches an intermediate value, the Hodgkin–Huxley neurons in this square lattice will exhibit an ordered circular structure. However, as the noise level increases, the ordered circular structure is distorted, and eventually totally destroyed when the noise level is high enough. This manifests the existence of spatial coherence resonance in the network and may be instructive to understand information processing of neural systems in the presence of noise.

Foreword - Philip K. Maini List of Figures List of Notation Introduction and Outline On the Origin of Patterns Mathematical Modeling of Biological Pattern Formation Cellular Automata Random Movement Growth Processes Adhesive Cell Interaction Alignment and Cellular Swarming Pigment Cell Pattern Formation Tissue and Tumor Development Turing Patterns and Excitable Media Discussion and Outlook Appendix A. Growth Processes: A Mean-Field Equation Appendix B. Turing Patterns Appendix C. Excitable Media: Complete Interaction Rule Appendix D. Isotropy, Lattices, and Tensors References Index


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Question: Misdiagnosed cases of penis scald caused by cleaning genital

Objectives: Our clinic has received five cases of misdiagnosed penis scald patients in the recent3 years. All of the cases were caused by hot water scald when the patients cleaned their genitals,but all these patients didn’t consider scald until doctors repeatedly questioned them about it. Methods: The patients were treated with anti inflammatory medicine and external use of burn ointment. Results: The patients all recovered after the treatment,but they were psychologically affected. Conclusion: Misdiagnosed penis scald must draw great attention from clinical doctors. If patients complain about penis pain and swelling,doctors must question patients about the water temperature they use to clean their genitals,and they must consider the possibility of scald. At the same time,doctors should also warn patients against using too hot water in cleaning genitals.

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Emphysema can result from various causes. It frequently resolves spontaneously within three to five days, but it can be fatal. An active, highly trained young submariner may have lost his chosen career and possibly even his life because of severe recurrent emphysema. The emphysema was caused by a painless dental defect that permitted air to enter facial interstitial spaces. Treatment required only the elimination of the existing aperture.


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Question: Coincidence studies of fluorescence and dissociation processes in electronic excited states of I2+, Br2+, IBr+ and ICl+

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Abstract The PIFCO technique in which mass-selected photoion—fluorescence photon coincidences are counted, was used to investigate whether I 2 + , IBr + and ICl + fluoresce. Measurements were made of lifetimes and fluorescence quantum yields of electronic excited states of these ions. Emission was discovered for I 2 + and IBr + , but ICl + apparently does not fluoresce. Information on the radiative properties of Br 2 + was obtained as a by-product of the work on IBr + . Fragment ion kinetic energy releases were determined and provide information on dissociative ionization processes in the halogen and interhalogen ions studied.

We report the formation of the anion–atom complexes ArO− and ArCl− by electron stimulated desorption from multilayer argon films containing O2, N2O, and Cl2 molecules.


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Question: Plastic injection-pressing compound forming process and its mould

The compound plastic injection-pressing formation process includes heating to plasticize, the first mold clamping, injecting molten plastic into the closed mold cavity, heating and maintaining, the second mold clamping, cooling to set inside the mold cavity and demolding. The mold includes female mold, male mold, mold clamping guide mechanism and two stages of mold closing and opening mechanism. The present invention has improved production environment and high production efficiency, can produce precise large plastic part with complicated shape, is favorable to the production with plastic with poor flowability and great viscosity.

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Detailedly introduce applying technique of grinding screw rotor's profile, equipment's function realization.


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Question: IT-enabled Interactions and Cooperation Performance: A Resource Matching Perspective

Our study, which integrates the literature on IT (information technology)-enabled interactions and resource management in interfirm relationships, explores the underlying paths through which IT-ena...

A Cross-National Investigation of An Extended Technology Acceptance Model in The Online Shopping Context: A Study Case of Online Apparel Industry Across ASEAN Member States - Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Online Shopping, ASEAN, Intention.


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Question: Friction Reduction Properties of Evaporation Coated Petroleum and Silicone Oil Lubricants

As the size of mechanical components decreases, capillary forces and surface tension become increasingly significant. A major problem in maintaining high reliability of these small components is that of large frictional forces due to capillary action and surface tension. Unlike the situation with macro-scale systems, liquid lubrication cannot be used to reduce friction of micro-scale components because of the excessive capillary and drag forces. In this work, the feasibility of using evaporation to coat a thin film of organic lubricant on a solid surface was investigated with the aim of reducing friction. Petroleum and silicone oils were used as lubricants to coat a silicon substrate. It was found that friction could be significantly reduced and, furthermore, that the effectiveness of this method was strongly dependent on the coating conditions.

Biomaterials * Optical Components * Construction Materials * Nuclear Waste Containment * Ceramic Superconductors * Archeologically Significant Articles.


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Question: A Curriculum for the Millennium in Zimbabwe: Lessons from the Past and Possibilities for the Future

A Zimbabwe Bulletin of Teacher Education (ZBTE) article on the post-independence educational system in Zimbabwe with special emphasis on educational curriculum development.

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The Architecture of Empowerment: A Survey. ESSAYS. The New Landscape. Convergence, Marginalisation and Inequality: Directions for the Urban Future. Architecture to Change the World? CASE STUDIES. Redeeming the Legacy of the Past. Revitalising the City Centre. Reaching the Poorest: The Rural World. Reaching the Poorest: The Urban World. Upgrading the Slums and Densification. Building New Settlements. Creating Communities. Managing the Urban Environment. Micro-Finance: Reaching the Poorest. Epilogue. Bibliography. Photo Credits and Contributors.


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Question: Direct observation of a gap opening in topological interface states of MnSe/Bi2Se3 heterostructure

High-quality MnSe(111) film was bilayer-by-bilayer grown epitaxially onto the Bi2Se3(111) surface using molecular beam epitaxy. Reversal scenario with quintuple layer-by-layer growth of Bi2Se3 onto the MnSe film was also realized. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of Bi2Se3 capped with two bi-layers of MnSe revealed that an energy gap of about 90 meV appears at the Dirac point of the original Bi2Se3 surface, possibly due to breaking the time-reversal symmetry on the Bi2Se3 surface by magnetic proximity effect from MnSe.

We study the magnetoelectric coupling for the [001]-oriented (LaMnO3)2/(BaTiO3)5/(SrMnO3)2 superlattice, by means of the density functional theory. An interesting transition between ferromagnetic ordering and antiferromagnetic ordering is demonstrated by switching ferroelectric polarization in short-period superlattice structure. The predicted ferroelectrically induced magnetic reconstruction is less sensitive to the choice of Coulomb-correction U within GGA + U scheme. A possible explanation is given in terms of the favorable effect of n-type SrMnO3/LaMnO3 interface. Our results suggest that a sizable magnetoelectric effect may be achieved in the short-period LaMnO3/BaTiO3/SrMnO3 superlattice, hence promising application in electrically controlled magnetic data storage.


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Question: The effect of abscisic acid on sugar levels in seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. redland pioneer

Abscisic acid (ABA) caused an increase in total-sugar and a 3-fold increase in reducing-sugar content in the roots of intact bean seedlings. The level of reducing sugars was also increased in the stem but total sugar levels remained unaffected by ABA. ABA also increased reducing-sugar content of the root in seedlings with cotyledons removed but in this case the reducing- and total-sugar contents of the leaf were reduced. However, ABA did not affect reducing- and total-sugar levels in excised bean root systems. The observed increase in sugar content of the root of intact bean seedlings appears to be the consequence of an ABA-induced stimulation of sugar transport from the shoot to the root. It is proposed that a relationship may exist between the effect of ABA on sugar transport and its effect on ion transport in excised root systems and in intact seedlings.

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SYNOPSIS The nutrient media and plant growth regulator requirements for tissue culture propagation of nodal explants of Eucalyptus grandis and E. nitens seedlings as well as from E. grandis coppice shoots are described.


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Question: A motion segmentation approach for content-based video representation in image sequence

In this paper,a motion segmentation approach for content based video representation specified in the standard of MPEG 4 is proposed.By two dimension motion estimation and computing the displaced frame difference,the motion object can be separated form the still background,and then morphological filtering is used to gain the better segmentation result.Results obtained with MPEG 4 test sequences show that the accuracy of object segmentation is substantially improved in presence of global motion.

Correspondences between variable length parsing and coding problems.- The foundations of information push and pull.- Copyright? Protection?.- Lossy compression, classification, and regression.- Latent semantic indexing via a semi-discrete matrix decomposition.- Worst case prediction over sequences under log loss.- Issues in multimedia databases: Coding for content-based image retrieval and digital copyright protection.


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Question: A characteristic scale in radiation fields of fractal clouds

The wavenumber spectrum of Landsat imagery for marine stratocumulus cloud shows a scale break when plotted on a double log plot. We offer an explanation of this scale break in terms of smoothing by horizontal radiative fluxes, which is parameterized and incorporated into an improved pixel approximation. We compute the radiation fields emerging from cloud models with horizontally variable optical depth fractal models. We use comparative spectral and multifractal analysis to qualify the validity of the independent pixel approximation at the largest scales and demonstrate it`s shortcomings on the smallest scales.

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The method of calculation of the circular oversized waveguide filled in with insulator using the method of plane cross-section (PCS) is developed. The wave scattering on the output insulator window for powerful occilator is investigated.


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Question: Spalding University Library: EDD-906: Applying Leadership Styles: Citation Management Software

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The student in this course is exposed to and learns how and when to apply diverse leadership styles and strategies. The student explores ways in which complex problems develop in the world and can be approached methodologically and ideologically, and the

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Contents Section I: Introduction to Concepts Chapter 1 Information Inquiry: Concepts and Elements Chapter 2 Key Foundational Documents for Information Literacy and Inquiry Chapter 3 Information Search and Use Models Chapter 4 Models for Information Inquiry Chapter 5 Information Literacy, Media Literacy Chapter 6 Standards, Scope & Sequence Chapter 7 Instructional Models Chapter 8 Foundations of Library Media Specialist's Chapter 9 The Instructional Media Specialist Chapter 10 Student as Information Scientist Chapter 11 Online Inquiry Learning Chapter 12 Learning Resources Management Section II: Application of Inquiry Chapter 13 MS Inquiry Basics Chapter 14 MS Inquiry Orientation Chapter 15 MS Inquiry Exploration Chapter 16 MS Inquiry Investigation Chapter 17 MS Conclusion Section III: Key Words Appendix Charts Appendix Key Word Annotated Bibliography Bibliography on Information Literacy Web Site Bibliography Assessment Rubric Index


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Question: Introduction to Stochastic Processes

When considering technical, economic, ecological, or other problems, in several cases the quantities \(\left \{{X}_{t},\;t \in \mathcal{T}\right \}\) being examined can be regarded as a collection of random variables. This collection describes the changes (usually in time and in space) of considered quantities. If the set \(\mathcal{T}\) is a subset of the set of real numbers, then the set \(\left \{t \in \mathcal{T}\right \}\) can be interpreted as time and we can say that the random quantities X t vary in time. In this case the collection of random variables \(\left \{{X}_{t},\;t \in \mathcal{T}\right \}\) is called a stochastic process. In mathematical modeling of randomly varying quantities in time, one might rely on the highly developed theory of stochastic processes.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Dyadic Wavelets forReal-time HeartRate Monitoring

We developed thenew intelligent virtual ECG device by integrating thedyadicwavelet (DyWT) basedalgorithm forQRS complex detection intothevirtual teleECG. Thenewvirtual instrument (VI)wasrealized by usingLabVIEW software. The systemallowsreal-time detection oftheheartrhythm,off-line analysis ofthe previously recorded signals oroff-line analysis whenusing thesystem viaInternet. Thenewsystem allows thephysician tolocate andrecognize lifethreatening eventsinECG recordings andprovides thepatient withanECG alarm system. Thetests ondatafromaMIT-BIHdatabase show thattheDyWT baseddetector detects accurately 99.53 % of QRS complexes, andsimilarly better than99% forthe clinical recordings. Theanalysis inclinical environment showedthatinECG signals comprising asharpandlarge T wavethealgorithm mustbefinetuned, otherwise itcould result withclassifying theTwaveastheR peak.

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Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: Unaccompanied Activities in Outdoor Education - When Can They Be Justified?

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Traditionally, unaccompanied activities have been a common part of outdoor education programmes, often justified by pedagogical reasons. This paper argues that such activities can pose significant risks and the removal of supervision is not justified by pedagogical, legal or moral reasons. Distinctions are drawn between education and recreation participation and examples of acceptable practice are provided.

Introduction Innocence Lost Family Matters In the Gym and Boardroom Higher Learning Coming to America Something Old, Something New Bibliography Index


Question: 7-Nitroindazole attenuates nitrotyrosine formation in the early phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in nitrotyrosine (NO2-Tyr) formation in the early phase of ischemia-reperfusion in mouse brain. Using a hydrolysis/high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure (0.6 microM detection limit), we measured %NO2-Tyr (ratio of NO2-Tyr to total tyrosine) in 23 male C57Black/6J mice subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 0.5-h reperfusion, in the presence (25 or 50 mg/kg) and absence of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a relatively specific nNOS inhibitor. At 25 mg/kg, 7-NI reduced NO2-Tyr formation to about a half of that in the vehicle-treated group (0.10 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.18 +/- 0.05%), while 50 mg/kg suppressed NO2-Tyr formation to below the limit of detection, indicating that nNOS is responsible for most of the NO2-Tyr formation in the early phase after reperfusion.

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Autophagy induced by DAMPs facilitates the inflammation response in lungs undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury through promoting TRAF6 ubiquitination


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Question: Comparative study of etching high crystalline quality AlN and GaN

Abstract High-quality AlN and GaN bulk crystals were etched in a KOH aqueous solution or a KOH/H 2 O 2 mixture. As etched surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the N-polar surfaces had approximately 900 and 20 times higher etch rate than the III-polar surface for AlN and GaN, respectively. AlN had a higher total etch rate than GaN at the same condition. Hexagonal hillocks were observed on N-polar face with {10−1−1} boundary planes for both AlN and GaN, while metal polar surfaces remained smooth. Formation of aluminum oxide/hydroxide AlO x (OH) y was confirmed by XPS on as etched N polar AlN surface; the addition of H 2 O 2 resulted in a higher total surface oxygen concentration. The smoothening effect by adding H 2 O 2 oxidizer was explained by the formation and dissolution of aluminum oxide/hydroxide.

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The vertical boat (VB) method has advantages in the growth of substrates for epitaxial devices. Low residual strain and low dislocation four inch GaAs crystals are manufactured with good reproducibility. Low residual strain reduces slip line occurrence and low dislocation density enables growth of low defects in epitaxial layers. FETs fabricated on carbon doped high resistivity VB substrates show high breakdown voltage. Vth was stable at higher drain voltages. Six inch GaAs crystals are also grown by VB and show adequate characteristics.


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'['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', "The Rule by Law Selection of CPC's Leading mode and Governing Mode"]' == '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', "In the course of revolutionary war, CPC mainly took the leading mode by policy. Since the foundation of the PRC, CPC's leading mode and governing mode went through the transition from mainly depending on the policy to depending on both the policy and the law, then to mainly depending on the law. To rule and govern our country by law is CPC's inevitable selection to adjust to the variety of her historical position and innovate her leading mode and governing mode."]' != '['Represent the next text', 'Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.']'

Question: Acquisition of formulaic sequences in a study abroad context

Abstract Research (e.g., Wood, 2010a) suggests that study abroad (SA) and the use of formulaic language (FL), or sequences of words that tend to go together, aid L2 oral fluency. Nonetheless, there is conflicting evidence regarding whether quantity of L2 use abroad is a predictor of language outcomes. This article examines the acquisition of FL by US L2 learners of Spanish (n = 11) who studied abroad in Spain. The study measures the temporal fluency variables and the formula/run ratio of narrative retell tasks pre- and post-SA by L2 learners and native Spanish speakers. The findings indicate that regardless of program type and length, learners produce more FL post-SA, but they are still far from target-like usage. Moreover, participants’ mean length of run is directly related to the formula/run ratio. Lastly, an analysis of language use shows no direct relationship between L2 use abroad and oral fluency outcomes.

The study aims at implementing a literature-based approach in an EFL course for university students. The students in this study read the text outside...


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Question: How Team Spirit Improve Product Innovation: The Role of Shared Vision and Knowledge Acquisition

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Based on a sample of 219 Chinese companies and a structural equation methodology, This paper discusses the relationship among team spirit, shared vision, knowledge acquisition and product innovation. Our results indicate that shared vision has a positive indirect impact on product innovation by Knowledge acquisition; team spirit positively affects share vision; team spirit doesn?t have direct impact on knowledge acquisition and product innovation.

Contents: The Information Society - The Digital Divide - The Digital Practice Perspective - The Digital Practice of Weak Tie Development - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Family Ties via Mobile Phone - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Digital Enclaves - The Digital Practice Perspective and Social Policy: Improving the Social, Cultural, and Civic Quality of the Digital Environment - Conclusion: Smart Mobs, Flash Mobs, Flash Robs and the Revolutionary Potential of the Digital Environment.


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Question: Build-in Program of Infrared Remote Control CMOS LSI with Micro controller

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In this paper,the build in program of infrared remote control transmitting CMOS LSI with micro controller is analyzed.Also the flow chart of the program and the application of micro controller is mainly discussed.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: A study on deformation of soil for large area and over-compensated foundation in dry-dock excavation engineering——Dry dock excavation engineering of outer Ring Tunnel Project in Pudong, Shanghai

The measured settlement data of a large dry-dock were analyzed in detail.Based on the research results for soil swelling and recompression accumulated in more than 20 years,the synthetic analysis method was adopted.From several different points of view and with comprehension of relevant theory and experience,some beneficial and useful conclusions has been obtained,which can be used to solve geotechnical problem in Shanghai for similar projects.

It is important to obtain the hydrogeological parameters of the confined aquifer near the impermeable boundary.This paper elaborated the process of obtaining the hydrogeological parameters of the Confined aquifer near the Impermeable boundary and discussed the results in detail,taking the pumping test in Xiaoyujiazhuang of Chaigouzhen,Gaomi for example.


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Question: Chemical bonding and reaction at metal/polymer interfaces

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A combination of surface spectroscopy and microanalytical techniques have been used to investigate the chemical and material characteristics of interfaces formed between metal and a high temperature polymer, polyimide. Results reveal significant chemical reactivity at the interface, as manifested by intermixing and cluster formation. The extent of the material reaction is strongly influenced by the bonding characteristics between metal and the polyimide. Results on Cu and Al are reviewed to illustrate the chemical trend due to increasing reactivity.

Educational outreach programmes at the Center for photoinduced charge transfer - learning through research, C.E. Uzelmeier and J.A. Kampmeier external electric field effects on fluorescence of some methylene-linked compounds of electron donor and acceptor in a polymer film, N. Ohta et al engineering of sidegroups to enhance luminescence efficiency of conjugated polymers, R. Jakubiak et al growth modes and charge injection of organic films on standard and ultraflat indium tin oxide, E.W. Forsyth et al snapshots of electronic surface excitation - observing adsorbate dynamics with femtosecond time-resolution, M. Bauer et al femtosecond excited state dynamics in organic molecular films, A.J. Makinen et al. (Part contents)


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Question: Emotional state and one-trial learning in OXYS rats with hereditarily elevated production of oxygen radicals

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Comparative analysis of unconditioned and conditioned behavior of Wistar and prematurely aging OXYS rats revealed that the latter have significantly reduced locomotor and exploratory activities, increased anxiety in the elevated plus-maze test, spatial disorientation, and abnormal associative learning. OXYS rats can be used as a biological model for studying molecular, neurobiological, and neurochemical mechanisms of brain aging.

NCAM-180 knockout mice, which have documented deficits in neural migration, were used to determine whether developmental abnormalities could lead to morphological changes and alterations in sensory motor gating mechanisms. Measurement of the lateral ventricle showed that NCAM-180 -/- mice had marked increases in both the left and right anterior horns of the lateral ventricle. Furthermore, these mice also displayed a reduction of prepulse inhibition that was differentially affected by the dopamine agonist apomorphine. These results are discussed in light of the known increase in lateral ventricle size and reduction in prepulse inhibition that are seen in schizophrenia.


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Question: Targeting Metabolism for Cancer Therapy

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Metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor development and introduces metabolic liabilities that can be exploited to treat cancer. Chemotherapies targeting metabolism have been effective cancer treatments for decades, and the success of these therapies demonstrates that a therapeutic window exists to target malignant metabolism. New insights into the differential metabolic dependencies of tumors have provided novel therapeutic strategies to exploit altered metabolism, some of which are being evaluated in preclinical models or clinical trials. Here, we review our current understanding of cancer metabolism and discuss how this might guide treatments targeting the metabolic requirements of tumor cells.

Conference Theme: Musculoskeletal Challenges in the Baby Boomers: Repair, Reconstruct & Replace


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Question: Enhanced Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Electrical Stimulation

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Cardiovascular diseases account for more deaths than any other illness. Cardiac tissue engineering has turned to embryonic stem cells as a renewable source of myocytes for use in tissue replacement. Existing methods for stem cell differentiation toward the cardiac lineage are relatively non-specific, yielding low numbers of myocytes with varying contraction frequencies and strengths. Here we describe novel experimental approaches, utilizing an electrical stimulation regimen, aimed at increasing the efficiency of cardiac differentiation from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. These methods generate cardiac myocytes with functional characteristics that more closely resemble native tissues. The amplitude, duration, and frequency of the electrical stimulus as well as the timing of its onset are some of the critical experimental parameters that determine the enhancement of cardiac differentiation.

Gene Regulatory Networks Orchestrating B Cell Fate Specification, Commitment, and Differentiation.- Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Lymphocyte Lineage Determination.- Ikaros-Family Proteins: In Search of Molecular Functions During Lymphocyte Development.- Biochemistry of V(D)J Recombination.- The Pre-B Cell Receptor in B Cell Development: Recent Advances, Persistent Questions and Conserved Mechanisms.- Transcriptional Control of B Cell Activation.- Expression of MHC II Genes.- Class Switch Recombination: An Emerging Mechanism.- Blimp-1, Immunoglobulin Secretion, and the Switch to Plasma Cells.- Wnt Signaling in Lymphopoiesis.- Subject Index.


Question: Antarctica's role in understanding long-term change in the upper atmosphere

Within the global context, Antarctica has a key role to play in understanding long-term change in the upper atmosphere, both because of its isolation from the rest of the world and because of its unique geophysical attributes. Antarctic upper atmosphere data can provide global change observations regarding the mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, plasmasphere and magnetosphere. It will not only provide trend estimates but, just as importantly, it will define the background variability which exists in the upper atmosphere and against which these trends must be resolved. Upper atmospheric change can be driven both from within the Earth's near environment primarily through changing atmospheric composition, dynamics or geomagnetic field, or it can be driven externally, predominantly by the Sun. Recent observations are discussed in the light of increasing interest in global change issues and sun-weather relationships.

The Northern Hemisphere has seen record declines in the summer sea-ice and snow cover at high latitudes, as well as a recent increase in extreme summer events at mid latitudes. The connection between these has been unclear; however, changes in atmospheric circulation attributable to the reduced cryosphere are now shown to be linked to the summer extremes.


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Question: Hidden complexities in the unfolding mechanism of a cytosine-rich DNA strand

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"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'An equivalence for semi-Markov processes is presented which preserves passage-time distributions between pairs of states in a given set. The equivalence is based upon a state-based aggregation procedure which is O(n2) per state in the worst case.']" == "['', 'A Passage-Time Preserving Equivalence for Semi-Markov Processes']"

We investigate the unfolding pathway of a cytosine-rich DNA hairpin structure via Molecular Dynamics simulations. Our results indicate a hidden complexity present in the unfolding process. W e show that this complex behavior arises due to non-stochastic contributions which have an important impact on the description of the dynamics in terms of collective variables.

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E.g.:
['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'To promote "the twelfth five-year plan" programming teaching materials construction for engineering management major and put out more first class programming teaching materials,this paper analyses the publishing work of "the eleventh five-year plan" programming teaching materials for engineering management major.According to main problems in teaching materials construction such as too many kinds,irregularity of qualities,lack of institutional encouragement for editors and poverty of some teaching materials\' timeliness,this paper puts forward construction goals such as persisting in presenting excellent teaching materials,perfecting quality evaluation and guarantee mechanism and strengthening topic selection of new series teaching materials.'] == ['', 'Explore and Analyse Construction of Programming Teaching Materials for Engineering Management Major']

The quest for ligands that bind specifically to particular G-quadruplex nucleic acid structures is particularly important to conceive molecules with specific effects on gene expression or telomere maintenance, or conceive structure-specific molecular probes. Here, using electrospray mass spectrometry in native conditions, we reveal a highly cooperative and selective 2:1 binding of Cu(II)-tolylterpyridine complexes to human telomeric G-quadruplexes. Circular dichroism and comparisons of affinities for different sequences reveal a marked preference for antiparallel structures with diagonal loops and/or wide-medium-narrow-medium groove width order. The cooperativity is attributed to conformational changes in the polymorphic telomeric G-quadruplex sequences, which convert preferably to an antiparallel, 3-quartet topology upon binding two ligands.


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Question: The novel lncRNA lnc-NR2F1 is pro-neurogenic and mutated in human neurodevelopmental disorders

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to act as important cell biological regulators including cell fate decisions but are often ignored in human genetics. Combining differential lncRNA expression during neuronal lineage induction with copy number variation morbidity maps of a cohort of children with autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability versus healthy controls revealed focal genomic mutations affecting several lncRNA candidate loci. Here we find that a t(5:12) chromosomal translocation in a family manifesting neurodevelopmental symptoms disrupts specifically lnc-NR2F1. We further show that lnc-NR2F1 is an evolutionarily conserved lncRNA functionally enhances induced neuronal cell maturation and directly occupies and regulates transcription of neuronal genes including autism-associated genes. Thus, integrating human genetics and functional testing in neuronal lineage induction is a promising approach for discovering candidate lncRNAs involved in neurodevelopmental diseases.

Background ::: Understanding carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer is critical for the improvement of patients’ lives. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells or an aggravated epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype of a cancer are integrally involved in pathways conferring chemo-resistance. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA) is involved in mesenchymal stem cell fate and cancer biology.


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Question: THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMPUTER CONTROL OF THE FURNACE TEMPERATURE OF MECHANICAL ENDURANCE TESTING MACHINE

An example of utilizing the modern control theory in discussed in this paper. The controlled object is an electrical furnace with two independent heating windings. Two thermocouples are used to measure the furnace temperature at two different points. The system demands that the temperature of upper and lower parts of the furnace must meet the technical requeriments. The controlled object is treated as a LQG system with two variables. The mathematical model includes the dynamic mathematical model, Kalman filter, optimal state feedback and the self-adapting following of set value of input.

THE ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE FLEXURE CRACKING DUE TO DEFLEXION, OF BITUMINOUS CARPETS. IT RESULTS FROM FATIGUE IN THE BITUMINOUS MIXTURE OF THE UPPER LAYERS, AND IS CAUSED BY TEMPERATURE VARIATION TOGETHER WITH THE REPEATED DEFLEXION PRODUCED BY VEHICLES. THE AUTHOR SUGGESTS THAT BITUMENS WITH A LOW SENSIBILITY TO THERMIC VARIATION, USUALLY CONFINED TO INDUSTRIAL USES, MAY PROFITABLY BE EXTENDED TO ROADS, SINCE THE HIGHER COST OF THE MATERIAL COULD BE COMPENSATED FOR BY INCREASED DURABILITY OF THE PAVEMENT. /RRL/


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Question: A Comparison between Chinese and Western Style Gardens and Architecture

The author of this paper considers that it is of great significance for the cxploitation of tourist resources to study both Chinese and Western Style gardens and architecture.The paper compares different Chinese and Western styles of gardens and architecture in different periods in history and their mutual influence and puts forward some noteworthy problems in tradition inheriting and art innovating.

1. The Japanese Mask 2. The Japanese Archipelago 3. Japan Past 4. The Cultural Values of Japan 5. The Japanese Language 6. The Japanese Economy 7. The Business World 8. Negotiating with the Japanese 9. Experiencing Japan


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Question: Extracting Flavonoids from Orange Peel with Assistance of Ultrasonic

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Ultrasonic was adopted to extract flavonoids circularly from orange peel according to the principle of ultrasonic function.The lasting time was short,and the efficiency was high with this method which overcame the shortcoming of the former methods.It provided some elements of theory and technology in the application of industry production.

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: Mycosis fungoides with depigmentation secondary to treatment.

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A 51-year-old man presented with itchy, erythematous patches and plaques on his trunk, arms, and legs. A skin biopsy specimen showed mycosis fungoides. Initially the patient did not respond to PUVA photochemotherapy but later improved on NB-UVB phototherapy combined with bexarotene and interferon-alpha. The lesions progressed from erythematous patches and plaques to hyperpigmented patches with central depigmentation and localized areas of follicular repigmentation. The development of depigmentation after PUVA photochemotherapy for mycosis fungoides has been described in the literature and does not have associated prognostic implications. It is important to be cognizant of phototoxicity associated with PUVA photochemotherapy or NB-UVB phototherapy in patients with mycosis fungoides, who may be taking photosensitizing medications or have depigmented patches which renders them more sensitive to lower doses of ultraviolet light.

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We describe the clinical, serologic and immunogenetic data in a patient with manifestations of Sjogren's syndrome who developed urticarial vasculitis and photosensitive annular SCLE which were effectively treated with oral dapsone. Our case illustrates the dynamic nature of LE


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Question: Online Generated Kick Motions for the NAO Balanced Using Inverse Dynamics

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One of the major tasks of playing soccer is kicking the ball. Executing such complex motions is often solved by interpolating key-frames of the entire motion or by using predefined trajectories of the limbs of the soccer robot. In this paper we present a method to generate the trajectory of the kick foot online and to move the rest of the robot’s body such that it is dynamically balanced. To estimate the balance of the robot, its Zero-Moment Point (ZMP) is calculated from its movement using the solution of the Inverse Dynamics. To move the ZMP, we use either a Linear Quadratic Regulator on the local linearization of the ZMP or the Cart-Table Preview Controller and compare their performances.

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The sections in this article are ::: ::: ::: 1 ::: Background on CMAC Neural Networks ::: ::: 2 ::: Background on Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ::: ::: 3 ::: Passivity-Based Design ::: ::: 4 ::: Evaluation


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Question: A Bidirectional Three-Phase Push–Pull Converter With Dual Asymmetrical PWM Method

This paper proposes a new bidirectional three-phase push–pull converter that has a simple structure and achieves zero-voltage switching turn-on of switches. Also, due to use of a single inductor, an imbalance among phase currents on the low-voltage high-current side is trivial in the proposed converter although no current sharing control is employed. In this paper, a new dual asymmetrical pulse width modulation (PWM) switching method is proposed for bidirectional power flow control with seamless mode change. The proposed switching method offers reduced circulating current and makes the converter easier to implement compared to the PWM plus phase shift-based control method since it is a general PWM method having two independent duty cycle controls on each side. Experimental results from a 3-kW prototype are provided to validate the proposed concept.

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Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: A neutron-diffraction study of the crystal structure of analcime, NaAlSi2O6 · H2O

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The crystal structure of the mineral analcime, NaAISi206 . H20, known from x-ray analysis to approximate closely to the cubic space-group symmetry Ia3d, has been examined by neutron diffraction. Intensity data from a single crystal were collected for one octant so as to be representative of cubic and some lower symmetries. In general, the systematic absences were consistent with the space group Ia3d; within experimental error, the six reflections equivalent for Laue group m 3 m were equal in intensity. From Fourier difference syntheses and least-squares refinements, it is concluded that the neutron data, like the x-ray data, are consistent with an averaged Ia3d structure. Full-matrix

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'A problem of long standing in acoustic research is that of determining the sound intensity at some point in a body of liquid. The usual approach has been to make a sound pressure measurement at the point in question. One may then convert to intensity, using a known or assumed value for the acoustic impedance. The foregoing method has several drawbacks. Accordingly, we have undertaken to measure sound intensity directly, by observing the rate at which sound degenerates into heat in a small body of low Q solid material, placed in the liquid at the point in question. The pellet is made small, and its supporting stem very thin, in order to disturb the sound field just as little as possible. A particular objective has been to make the dimensions of the pellet small compared to the wavelength, under which condition one may properly apply lump‐constant theory in analyzing the acoustics of the system. With our present probe, this desirable condition prevails at all frequencies below about 200 kcps.']" should be close to "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'An Underwater Acoustic Intensity Probe']"

A study of mixtures of CaO and TiO2 fired at 1770 K with various heating rates confirmed the presence of three binary compounds in the system CaO-TiO2: CaTiO3, Ca3Ti2O7, and Ca4Ti3O10.


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Question: A Planar Small Molecule with Dithienosilole Core for High Efficiency Solution-Processed Organic Photovoltaic Cells

An electron-withdrawing terminal small molecule with dithienosilole core shows high photovoltaic performance. The DCAO3TSi:PC61BM based solar cell exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 5.84%, with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.80 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 11.51 mA·cm−2, and a high fill factor (FF) of 0.64—the best so far for a solution-processed small molecule based solar cell.


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Question: Electro-optical colour effects by twisted nematic liquid crystal

Voltage control of colours has been obtained by reflective and transmissive devices employing birefringent layers in conjunction with twisted nematic liquid-crystal cells. The construction, properties and possible applications of such devices are discussed.

We demonstrate space variant polarization and phase converters imprinted by femtosecond laser nanostructuring in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film. Giant birefringence of imprinted structures allows fabrication of microoptic element arrays.


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Question: Global scheduling and register allocation based on predicated execution

This paper presents an approach for register allocation and scheduling which relies on three main ideas: global optimization, solution space exploration and on-the-fly generation of a symbolic state machine. To allow global optimizations while preserving semantics, the traditional notion of control dependence is replaced by the notion of predicate. In our approach, predicates are used not only as attributes of operations during scheduling (predicated execution), but also as attributes of values during register allocation. Experimental results show that this global approach improves the chances of reaching high-quality solutions in high-level synthesis.

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This paper presents a multivesion parallel synthesis of digital structures based on SystemC specification. The purpose of which is a substantial reduction in design time computing architectures and increasing quality of digital products through multiversion synthesis structure of the digital products based on a predetermined specification in SystemC environments (C ++) and automatic selection of functional components by parallel synthesis and verification of system-level architectural decisions in accordance with proposed metric.


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Question: Clinical and histological prognostic factors in axillary node-negative breast cancer: Univariate and multivariate analysis with relation to 5 year recurrence

In the recent years several studies have shown that about 30% of cases with axillary node-nagative breast cancer suffer relapse of the disease. Our attempt was made to evaluate the most significant prognostic factors to predict this high risk group which may be benefited from adjuvant treatment. For this purpose, we selected 9 patients out of 80 cases of node-negative breast cancer who had been followed up at least for 5 years and had the recurrence of the disease. For comparison, 16 patients from the same group who did not have relapse were selected on a random basis. Histology, receptor status, AgNOR, DNA flow cytometry and various immunohistochemical parameters were compared between the groups with recurrence and that without recurrence.

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For example, '['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title\n\nTo give you a sense - "By means of a geometrical approach it has been possible to find a new connection between the geometrical characteristics of an oblique shock wave. The obtained expressions are used to establish some features of the reflection process." should be close to "Geometrical investigation of the regular reflection of shock waves from a wall"', 'Seed- borne fungi induce conspicuous changes in the concentrations of various nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Mn), thus affecting the growth in height and biomass of seedlings of Picea glauca and Pinus strobus. The data indicate that the changes may be caused by interference in the physiology of the infected seeds and seedlings. The response of the change in the nutrient levels and total height growth towards the pre-chilling treatment of the seeds was not consistent to indicate any trend']' should be close to '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Influence of seed-borne fungi on the nutrient composition and growth of conifer seedlings']'

363Background: Pure squamous cell cancer of the bladder is uncommon in the United States. Because squamous cell bladder cancer is rare, there are no large studies with details on optimal preoperative neoadjuvant therapies and long-term outcomes. To improve the overall knowledge of the disease this study sought to provide a contemporary update in a single center cohort. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. 57 patients had a radical cystectomy (RC) for pure nonbilharzialsquamous cell bladder cancer between 1995 and 2015. Demographics, risk factors for squamous cell bladder cancer, pathology, and outcomes were reviewed and compared with descriptive statistics. Advanced disease was defined as ≥ T3/T4 disease and any positive lymph node metastasis. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of overall survival (OS), disease specific survival (DSS) and recurrence free survival (RFS). Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival prediction. Results: With a median follow up of 24 months (IQ...


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Question: Semiconductor processor and multi-zone temperature control heater for semiconductor processor

The invention discloses a semiconductor processor, which comprises a reaction cavity body. The reaction cavity body surrounds to form airtight space; the reaction cavity body comprises a reaction cavity body side wall and a base located in the reaction cavity body; a heater is arranged above the base; and an electrostatic chuck for fixing a to-be-processed substrate is fixed above the heater. The semiconductor processor is characterized in that the heater comprises a lower heating layer and an upper heating layer, wherein the lower heating layer is fixed on the base through a first insulation layer; a second insulation material layer is arranged between the upper heating layer and the lower heating layer; and the heating power of a heating wire in the upper heating layer is smaller than that of a heating wire in the lower heating layer.

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High frequency (1 MHz, megasonic) acoustic enhanced cleaning is a well established method of removing surface particles in semiconductor manufacturing processes. There are two fundamental designs of megasonic batch cleaning systems, indirect and direct.


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Question: More Fern Notes from California

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Since my recent summary of activities in southern California (1931) a remarkable array of new records and notes have accumulated resulting in the present paper. To my own findings are added those of several local fern students by their kind cooperation. This paper also discusses some published accounts of many years' standing and I have endeavored to validate statements made herein by examination of the material or original description concerned. To the many fellow students and friends who have granted permission to examine collections under their charge or to publish notes therefrom, or who have in any way contributed to this paper, I express my sincere thanks. To Dr. Carl Epling, of the University of California at Los Angeles, Mr. F. R. Fosberg, now of the University of Hawaii, Miss Bonnie Templeton, of the Los Angeles Museum, Mr. G. L. Moxley, Mr. E. L. Peterson, Mr. Louis C. Wheeler, and especially to Dr. A. L. Grant and to Dr. P. A. Munz, who offered many suggestions, I am indeed grateful.

A Helping Hand for Arts, Drama,Music And Film Students! General Tools and Research Information


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Question: High-isolation CPW MEMS shunt switches. 1. Modeling

This paper, the first of two parts, presents an electromagnetic model for membrane microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) shunt switches for microwave/millimeter-wave applications. The up-state capacitance can be accurately modeled using three-dimensional static solvers, and full-wave solvers are used to predict the current distribution and inductance of the switch. The loss in the up-state position is equivalent to the coplanar waveguide line loss and is 0.01-0.02 dB at 10-30 GHz for a 2-/spl mu/m-thick Au MEMS shunt switch. It is seen that the capacitance, inductance, and series resistance can be accurately extracted from DC-40 GHz S-parameter measurements. It is also shown that dramatic increase in the down-state isolation (20/sup +/ dB) can be achieved with the choice of the correct LC series resonant frequency of the switch. In part 2 of this paper, the equivalent capacitor-inductor-resistor model is used in the design of tuned high isolation switches at 10 and 30 GHz.

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A new hybrid design approach for high frequency, high gain transconductors is proposed. The idea is based upon the combination of FETs and optical devices. Measured results of a high frequency high Q active filter and a high DC gain FET operational amplifier are presented, employing the optoelectronic approach. >


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Question: CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISEASE REQUIRING CARDIAC AND PULMONARY SURGERY.

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Abstract Our views regarding appropriate selection, pre- and postoperative management and overall care of patients who are severe respiratory risks, but who require major cardiac or pulmonary surgery, are presented. Mention is made of some of the methods which may be utilized in evaluating these patients preoperatively, and a program of prophylaxis and treatment before, during and after surgery is outlined. Several illustrative case reports are included.

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Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


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Question: Pathological and microbiological investigations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) naturally infected with Lactococcus garvieae.

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Summary During the summer of 2006, an outbreak of lactococcosis took place in a rainbow trout farm in the southern Aegean region of Turkey. Clinically lethargie, erratic swimming, darkness in colour and exophthalmia were observed. Histopathological examination revealed epicarditis, peritonitis, enteritis and panophthalmitis. The gills had lamellar edema, hemorrhage and telangiectasia. Histopathological findings were also found in the liver, kidney, pyloric caeca and swim-bladder. In conclusion, the bacterium isolated from the rainbow trout farm was identified as Lactococcus garvieae by biochemically, and its pathological affects on the rainbow trout tissues were widely evaluated firstly in Turkey.

Summary The investigation of the myxosporidian (Myxozoa) parasites from the channid (ophicephalid) fishes of West Bengal, India reveals four new species viz., Myxosoma maruliensis n. sp. and Henneguya renalis n. sp. from the kidney of Channa marulius Ham. , Myxosoma cylindrica n. sp. from the kidney of Channa gachua Bl . and Myxidium islampurium n. sp. from the gall bladder of Channa marulius Ham . These myxosporidians have also been compared with the known spp. of the respective genera recorded from the fishes of the family Channidae (Ophicephalidae).


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Question: A Global Look at the Reform of Public Pension Systems

This article provides a descriptive and introductory overview of issues driving the initiatives to reform public pensions in the international arena. This includes a presentation of select international demographic andfiscal highlights relevant to social security arrangements around the world, along with a review of the reforms and pension arrangements in Chile and the United Kingdom. A discussion of the current state of social security and reform proposals in the United States is also provided

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Farm Spending and Local Selling: How Do They Match Up?; Changing Fiscal Patterns for Minnesota County Governments


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Question: The Obama Effect on African American High School Males

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1DB713A9A7CE4901PQ/1?accountid=11225 Irvine, J. (2003). Educating teachers for diversity: Seeing with a cultural eye. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

Snapshots of a Shrinking Work Force. The New Worker. The Work Force Revolution. Mother, Daughter, Worker, Wife. Moving Into the Mainstream. Cultural Matchmaking. Opening Doors to the Disabled. When Old Isn't. Making 20-20 Management Work. Beyond the Company's Doors.


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Question: Three-co-ordinated transition metal compounds. Part I. The preparation and characterization of tris(bistrimethylsilylamido)-derivatives of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and iron

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The compounds M[N(SiMe3)2]3, where M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Fe, have been prepared by reactions involving metal chloride complexes and the lithium derivative of hexamethyldisilazane. The compounds have been characterized by analysis, molecular weight determination, i.r., and mass spectra. They are members of a trigonally co-ordinated transition metal series.

The densities of a series of metal-organic compounds potentially suitable for metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD, formation of metal interconnection films, were determined using a gas pycnometer which measures the pressure change when a gas (helium) is allowed to expand in the presence of a solid material whose density is to be determined. The solid material is contained in a calibrated chamber. Using the ideal gas equation, the volume of the solid material can be calculated, and thus it’s density. Densities are reported for silver neodecanoate, tungsten hexacarbonyl, and metal acetylacetonates and hexafluoroacetylacetonates of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium, and zinc.


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Question: Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystal Simulation and Analysis

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This thesis presents the design of a two-dimensional phononic band gap crystal simulator, and phononic crystal analysis. Phononic crystals and their application to microwave acoustic filters are studied. Wave mechanics is introduced. A two-dimensional phononic crystal simulator is developed. Simulator operation is validated through comparison with published data. Design parameters for phononic crystal band gap engineering are outlined. Digital signal processing and wave mechanics are utilized to analyze fractal and circular inclusion based phononic crystals. Topics for further study are given. Phononic crystal band structure is found to be sensitive to inclusion boundary geometry. Fractal inclusion based crystals provide multiple pass band characteristics. The evolution of a fractal inclusion in a phononic crystal may cause band gap widening and the formation of new band gaps. Circular inclusion based phononic crystals have piecewise-linear phase characteristics and quality factors up to 600.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Telecommunications, Liberalization, and the Growth of the Internet in Turkey

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urk Telekomand liberalizethetelecommunications regime havenotyetbeensuccessful.Atthesametime,theInternethasexperienceddramaticgrowth.WhiletheexperienceofTurkeyillustrates that formal liberalization of basic telecommunications services is not a necessary condition for the growth of a dynamic Internet services provision market, the relationship between the Internet service providers and the provider of basic telecommunications services remains a critical one. T¨ urk Telekom and policymakers have permitted the creation of a de facto liberal market for Internetservices,have supported thecreationofInternetinfrastructure, and have establishedaratherlevelplaying e eldfor Internetservice providers.

INTRODUCTION: INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION ON EMERGING NOTIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS 1. Corporate Human Rights Obligations under Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights 2. Globalization, Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic: An Interface between Free Trade and the Right to Culture 3. Freedom of Religion in a Globalized World: The European Experience 4. Globalization, Terrorism and Human Rights: The Mouse that Roared 5. Globalization and Its Effects on the Emerging Jurisprudence on the Right to Education in South Africa and Nigeria 6. The Emergence of the Human Right to Water in a Globalized Scenario and its Implications to International Investment Law 7. Interface between the Third Generation Human Rights and the Good Governance in a Globalized World 8. The Place of Capitalism in the Pursuit of Human Rights in the Globalized Relationships of States INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHY ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS


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Question: Efficient synthesis of novel spiro-furo-pyrido-pyrimidine-indolines by manganese ferrite nanoparticles as a highly active magnetically reusable nanocatalyst in water

A one-pot and three-component reaction for the efficient, green and economical synthesis of novel spiro-furo-pyrido-pyrimidine-indolines using 2,6-diaminopyrimidine-4(3H)-one or uraciles, isatins and tetronic acid or anilinolactones in the presence of manganese ferrite nanoparticles as a magnetic catalyst in water is described. The present synthesis shows attractive characteristics such as; the use of magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst, convenient one-pot operation, short reaction periods, good to high yields and the use of water as a green reaction medium and is considered to be relatively environmentally benign.

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Triselenium dicynide (TSD) has been reported for the first time to be a novel cyanation reagent for the microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of a series of various types of cyano N-heterocycles such as pterin, deazapterin, quinoxaline, naphthyridine, and pyridine in good yields.


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Question: A New Estimation of GM(1,1) Model Parameter and Its Application

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Based on analyzing the traditional GM(1,1) model the GM(1,1) model the GM(1,1)model has been confirmed a exponential forecasting model can a new method of parameter estimation——least square method is put forward.The GM(1,1) model parameters are estimated by using the new method and with the analysis of a practical example.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction System Description and Problem Formulation Sequential Monte Carlo Methods Joint Single-Target Tracking and Classification Multiple-Target Tracking and Classification Sensor Selection Simulation Results Conclusion Appendix: Derivations of (14.38) and (14.40) References


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Question: Refractory fiber from natural starting materials

The feasibility was demonstrated of producing refractory fiber from high-alumina chamotte of calcined Arkalyk clay. The fiber properties conform to the requirements of Technical Specifications TU 14-8-107-74.

The paper introduces the methods of making basic Aluminium Chloride from coal ash, and also studies the main factors of making process.


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Question: Small bowel cancer. Clinical and pathologic features.

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Although the small bowel constitutes over 75% of the length and 90% of the mucosal surface of the alimentary tract, it is the site of only 1% of gastrointestinal cancers. Despite their rarity, it is important to diagnose small bowel tumors early to maximize patient survival. This article focuses on the clinical and pathologic findings of small bowel adenocarcinomas and carcinoids.

Review on Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), with data on clinics, and the genes involved.


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Question: FSH Injections and Ultrasonography Determine Presence of Ovarian Components in the Evaluation of Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development

Three infants with ambiguous genitalia and suspected ovotestes were given recombinant FSH to induce ovarian follicular development. The development of follicles in the gonadal tissue suggested the presence of ovarian tissue in two of the three infants. This method may provide a means to better characterize gonadal anatomy in patients affected by disorders of sex development (DSD). Sonographic information poststimulation provided parents with earlier and more specific education and support concerning the possible need for confirmative gonadal biopsy treatment options.

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Section 1 Obstetric Examination Gynaecological Examination Section 2 Fetoplacental Growth and Development Section 3 Congenital Abnormalities and Prenatal Diagnosis Section 4 Medical Disorders of Pregnancy Section 5 Antepartum and Intrapartum Monitoring Section 6 Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery and Breech Delivery Section 7 Operative Deliveries Secfion 8 Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section 9 Gynaecology Section 10 Lesions of the Vulva and Vagina Section 11 The Cervix Section 12 Lesion of the Uterus and Fallopian Tubes Section 13 Lesions of the Ovary Section 14 Common Gynaecological Operations.


Question: Photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation on (CuAg)0.15In0.3Zn1.4S2 synthesized by precipitation and calcination

This study investigates the photocatalytic hydrogen production over nanosized (CuAg)0.15In0.3Zn1.4S2 photocatalysts prepared via precipitation and calcination. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results show that calcination temperature and time significantly influence the crystallinity, specific surface area, and visible-light absorption capacity of the photocatalysts. The photocatalyst activity was studied under visible-light irradiation with KI as the electron donor. The results indicate that the (CuAg)0.15In0.3Zn1.4S2 photocatalyst prepared at a calcination temperature of 600 °C for 5 h yields the highest photocatalytic activity (H2 production rate of 1750 μmol g−1 h−1 and quantum yield of 12.8% at 420 ± 5 nm), approximately 6 times larger than that of catalysts prepared without thermal treatment.

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ABSTRACTPolycrystalline samples of Ba0.96Ca0.04TiO3 (BCT) and Ba0.96Ca0.04Ti0.96Mn0.04O3 (BCMT) were synthesized using the solid-state reaction route. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of the tet...


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Question: The method of the real: What do we intend with ethnographic infrastructure?

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What is the source of ethnographic truth? One might just as well ask what is the real economy, for neither has a clear-cut empirical referent. Critical efforts to counter economic abstractions or finance’s fictions often seek a grounding truth in something “real.” In anthropology, this has meant variously the household (oikos) or kinship, or the lived experiences that ethnography supposedly evokes. But none of these concepts are innocent. This essay considers efforts like this special colloquium in Hau and allied projects like the Gens Manifesto, by way of a detour through method acting and the history of other anthropological attempts to theorize the connections among different economic formations. The focus on the real economy falters wherever there are seams or articulations among diverse or plural practices delimited as economic. Ethnography falters when we see it as a representation of a reality rather than as a bridge permitting conversions from one form of action to others. The question, Does capit...

This article is part of a special section in the journal which discusses Sophie Callie's work, contemporary art and anthropology.


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For example, '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Discussion on the NRP assessment reports “Mobility and motorised transport which fit in sustainable development” and “Culture, consumption and lifestyles”']' should have a representation like '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on the National Research Programme (NRP) assessment reports titled “Mobility and Motorised transport which fit in sustainable development” and “Culture, Consumption, and Lifestyles.” The former report stated that transport is responsible for about 20% of the global emissions of greenhouse gases and constitutes a fast growing source. Not only transport markets in the developed countries are not yet satisfied but also much growth is to be expected in eastern Europe and in industrializing developing countries, like in Asia. . The latter report stated that at the production and consumption sides there are environmental impacts because of use of land, materials, and energy and the production of waste and pollution. Production and consumption are interrelated. Therefore, the environmental effects of consumption and production should be studied in an integrated way.']' but very far from '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Technological innovation is key to the future of tourism, whether through astrotourism, virtual reality or cutting edge new technologies to reduce energy consumption in the tourism sector. This chapter deals with two sets of case studies: Firstly, astrotourism is examined in detail showcasing this type of future-focus in detail and examining the implications for products and governance. Secondly, the hotel sector is one of the tourism industry’s largest drivers of employment and economic revenue but at the same time it is one of the most energy-intensive. In fact, hotels and other types of accommodation account for 2% of the 5% global CO2 emitted by the tourism sector. The second set of case studies examines two such examples—the ‘Nearly Zero Energy Hotels’ project and the ‘Hotel Energy Solutions’ project (http://hotelenergysolutions.net/).']'.

Question: The Preparation Technology and Scientific Development of Nano-materials

In this paper, the preparation technologies of nano particles, nano films and nano composites are systematically introduced. The characteristics of these technologies are reviewed, and the good prospects of manufacturing nano materials are forecasted.

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Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: β-Turn peptidomimetics incorporating i + 1–i + 3 residues: solid phase syntheses and conformational properties

Solid phase syntheses of compounds 1 were developed. These gave the products in high crude purities, with little or no detectable head-to-tail dimer contaminants. NMR and CD data, interfaced with computational simulations, indicate these molecules sample β-turn conformations in solution.

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α,β-D-CNA building blocks featuring either canonical gauche(−) or noncanonical gauche(+) values of the nucleic acids sugar phosphate backbone torsional angle α have been introduced into oligonucleotides, and provide new insight on conformational restriction impact on duplex formation ability by means of UV experiments and molecular dynamics simulations.


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Question: Project or Process? How to Measure the Real Type of Employees' Activity?

By analyzing the logs of corporate e-mail networks we found a number of patterns, showing how the size of ego-networks of individual employees changes on a day by day basis. We proposed a simple model that adequately describes the observed time dependence of an employee's " social circle". Comparison of experimental data with the theoretical model showed that employees are divided into two groups - with fast and slow changes in their social circles, respectively. We believe that the presence of these groups reflects both project-type and process-type of employees' activities. Comparison of data obtained before and during the global economic crisis has shown that the crisis led to an actual reduction in project-type activities.

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How to Think About R&D Quality. Organizing for Quality in R&D. Measuring R&D Quality. Assessing R&D Quality Status. Intellectual Property Management Process Improvement. Implementing Quality in Research: A Case Example. Views and Lessons Learned at the Top. References. Index.


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Question: Who Benefited from Tithe Revenues in Late-Renaissance Bresse?

This examination of the practical functioning of tithe collection and of who specifically benefited from tithe payments shows that structures of ecclesiastical and secular domination continued to be highly fragmented during the late Renaissance. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of episcopal visitation records and other sources from the Francophone province of Bresse reveals, among other things, that the fiscal and political impact of tithe payments was quite complex, that local priests were often not the major beneficiaries, and that tithe grants could serve as a mechanism permitting sovereigns to tax church revenues belonging to actors subject to other sovereigns.

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 1. Chronologies of Ancient China: A Critique of the "Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology" Project Chapter 3 2. The Politics of Imperial Collecting in the Northern Song Period Chapter 4 3. Who is Responsible for the Limits of Jesuit Scientific and Technical Transmission from Europe to China in the Eighteenth Century? Chapter 5 4. Marriages, Births, and Deaths in the Lower Yangzi Valley during the Later Eighteenth Century Chapter 6 5. Why Women Were Not a Problem in Nineteenth-Century Chinese Thought


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Question: Nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(2) of nitridosilicate powders

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Abstract Nitridosilicates are of interest as novel nonlinear materials due to their extraordinary chemical and thermal stability. Unfortunately, large nitridosilicate single crystals are presently not available for the investigation of their nonlinear optical properties. The first experiments are presented in which an averaged nonlinear susceptibility χ (2) for several nitridosilicates is studied by using two different powder techniques, the Kurtz Perry method and the SHEW method (Second Harmonic Wave generated by an Evanescent Wave). We observe nonlinearities of the new materials which are comparable to those of LiIO 3 . The highest averaged M eff =( χ eff (2) ) 2 /4 n 2 ω n ω 2 values found are ∼0.9 pm 2 /V 2 . The refractive indices of the materials are determined to be between n =2 and 3.

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Abstract Some new liquid crystalline Schiff's base complexes with copper(II) have been prepared. Microscopic observations and D.S.C. measurements reveal broad nematic mesophases. X-ray investigations on magnetically oriented samples confirm the nematic mesophase and indicate a cybotactic one. Anisotropic magnetic susceptibility data of a mixture of Schiff's base complexes of copper(II) are presented. An orientation with the longitudinal axis parallel to the magnetic field is caused by the dominating diamagnetic anisotropy of the phenyl groups of these metallo-mesogens. The order parameter of bis[4-((4-hexyloxybenzoyloxy)-N−(4-butylphenyl)-salicylaldiminato] copper(II) solved in 5CB is investigated. Values up to S = 0.575 have been obtained. We report on D.S.C. measurements and microscopic observations on a series of N-(4-(4′ −n-alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylidene)-4-n-alkyl-or alkyloxy-anilines. Temperature dependent X-ray investigations on magnetically oriented samples show skewed cybotactic nematic phases for...


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Question: The display method and portable device

The invention discloses a display method and a portable device. The display method is applicable to the portable device. The portable device comprises an upper body and a lower body which are stacked. The display method includes: sensing one relative slide, corresponding to the lower body and along a slide direction, of the upper body; sending one gravity direction of the portable device; according to the direction relation of the gravity direction and the slide direction, displaying one operation image corresponding to the direction relation on one display of the upper body.

The present invention relates to a power supply control device and method for a convertible machine, according to the rotational state of the liquid crystal display with a digitizer is integrated with the display module, and also determines the laptop computer mode or a tablet computer mode as well, the determination result along, and selectively enabling Sikkim with each device required for this mode as well, by selectively starting / off the power to each device, a laptop computer mode and the tablet convertible computers that can be used, select the computer mode, in accordance with each mode, would be very useful to be able to effectively prevent the inventors that this as malfunction which waste the battery power is generated by the unnecessary device. Convertible computer, a laptop mode and a tablet mode, the computer, digitizer, rotary switch, a power switch, a display module


Question: Image-based scan-line rendering method for cartoon

This paper presents an image-based scan-line method for cartoon-style rendering for the purpose of simulating the style of artists.The method firstly abstracts contour,then processes color and finally combines the two results to operate cartoon-style render on input images which users get with digital camera.Furthermore,the method gives two algorithm of histogram-based parameter computation for edge detection and color processing based on scan-line which help to complete real-time rendering process automatically.Results show that the approach can render images to an artistic style which is suitable for cartoon animation and personalized photo.

Proposes a method of progressive meshes based on restricted quadtree between blocks of different resolution, and the real-time dynamic triangulation controlled by giving view dependent error come true. The experiments show that this algorithm is very good of the real-time LoD controlling for large scale terrain visualization and also for the real-time rendering.


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Question: Weak Signal Direction of Arrival and Time-delay Joint Estimation Under Strong Signals

Aiming at the problem of the inaccurate signal source number estimation of weak signals in the procedure of weak signals Direction of Arrival(DOA) and time delay joint estimation in the presence of strong signals,an advanced Capon spectrum estimation method is proposed after analyzing the principle of Capon spectrum estimation.The proposed method needs neither the procedure of signal source estimation nor the eigen value decomposition.This method has the applicability in the situation of small snapshots.Simulation results prove the validity of this method.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Designing a C/M Scheme: The Gaussian Channel Perspective Wireless Channel: A New Perspective Flat Independent Fading Channel Block-Fading Channel Interference-Limited Channel Conclusions This chapter contains sections titled: References


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Question: Exploring the gap in healthcare for injured and uninsured research participants in the United States

In the United States 46 million people are uninsured and it is from within this population that many 'normal, healthy' research participants are selected. Research institutions and sponsors are not required to compensate or provide free treatment to participants when they incur research-related harm, and most studies do not stipulate the provision of free medical care to treat research-related adverse events. The consequence for uninsured participants is that they must assume these medical costs unless they successfully sue the study sponsor or research institution. This article discusses the matter of healthy volunteers becoming 'the sick' as a result of research participation, and proposes guidance for the informed consent process in order to optimize awareness about injury potential and injury compensation. Guidance regarding health screening for these volunteers is also presented.

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From a policy, practice, and theoretical perspective, this article promotes the use of the nonprofit to lessen the financial burden on government in advancing the wellbeing of the general public. T...


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Question: Manufacturing of Biomorphic SiC‐Ceramics by Gas Phase Infiltration of Wood

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Cellular SiC-ceramic with hierarchically structured micromorphologies are interesting candidates for applications as high-temperature filter, substrate or catalyst support materials. A new approach for processing of microcellular ceramic materials is the reproduction of wood morphologies by biotemplating, where the structural features of the native wood are maintained. Different species of native wood (oak, pine, poplar, bamboo) were converted into carbon preforms by high-temperature pyrolysis at 800°C in argon atmosphere. Subsequent infiltration and reaction with SiO-vapour at 1600°C resulted in a biomorphic β-SiC ceramic. The biodiversity of the natural grown wood offers a large variety of different cellular morphologies and microstructures, which may be useful for creating biomorphic ceramics with improved mechanical and functional properties.

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Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


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Question: An Approach on Clipping 3D Object by Planes in Any Orientations

In the 3- D visualization system, it’s important to clipping 3- D objects to observe the inner structure. It’s investigated to clip 3- D object by planes in any orientation applying rotate and translation transform in Visual C++ and VTK. The experimental re- sults were given to verify the ability of the provided approach.

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Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Dysregulated lipid metabolism in cancer.

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Alteration of lipid metabolism has been increasingly recognized as a hallmark of cancer cells. The changes of expression and activity of lipid metabolizing enzymes are directly regulated by the activity of oncogenic signals. The dependence of tumor cells on the dysregulated lipid metabolism suggests that proteins involved in this process are excellent chemotherapeutic targets for cancer treatment. There are currently several drugs under development or in clinical trials that are based on specifically targeting the altered lipid metabolic pathways in cancer cells. Further understanding of dysregulated lipid metabolism and its associated signaling pathways will help us to better design efficient cancer therapeutic strategy.

Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a member of the mitochondrial inner membrane carrier family, partly dissipate the proton electrochemical gradient, decrease ATP production. UCP2 limits production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits insulin secretion and regulates fatty acid oxidation. FFA, PPARγ,leptin, thyroid hormones and so on could regulate the UCP2 expression. The function of UCP2 in myocardial energy metabolism remains unknown.


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Question: Kernel Multitask Regression for Toxicogenetics

The development of high-throughput in vitro assays to study quantitatively the toxicity of chemical compounds on genetically characterized human-derived cell lines paves the way to predictive toxicogenetics, where one would be able to predict the toxicity of any particular compound on any particular individual. In this paper we present a machine learning-based approach for that purpose, kernel multitask regression (KMR), which combines chemical characterizations of molecular compounds with genetic and transcriptomic characterizations of cell lines to predict the toxicity of a given compound on a given cell line. We demonstrate the relevance of the method on the recent DREAM8 Toxicogenetics challenge, where it ranked among the best state-of-the-art models, and discuss the importance of choosing good descriptors for cell lines and chemicals.

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These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


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Question: Improved wick for controlling the inhibition release rate overflowing liquid

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Wick high dimensional stability solid in substantially comprising a non-porous portion having a porosity part and about 5 volume percent porosity having a capillary channel to raise the liquid from the lower end to the upper end. The wick is particularly useful in supplying fluid from the reservoir to the spray device.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

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Provided: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'A switch, particularly for use in controlling the comminuter motor of a waste disposal unit, which provides pressure pulses, for use in the electrical control circuit of the motor, by compressing one or more resilient members in sequence when operated.']" Match: "['', 'atomic classes and stack sorting']"

The deposition of glass soot (soot) for producing an optical fiber preform is provided. The fuel and the glass precursor is introduced into the burner flame to form a glass soot deposited on the glass target coronary heart. The amount of water that can be absorbed by the target substance on the surface of the glass of 0.1 by as low a temperature not higher than 900K (627 ℃), the first depositing the glass soot insulating layer of a specific thickness at a lower burner flame speed or low total mass flow rate, thereby it reduces below wt ppm OH concentration. Thereafter, it can be in order to increase the flame speed increases the deposition rate of the glass soot, without significant increases in the concentration of moisture contained in the glass the desired product. Fiber deposition, a preform, an envelope, the flame speed


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Question: [The analgetic activity of antidepressants and their influence on the pain-relieving effect of acupuncture].

The analgesic properties of new Soviet-made antidepressants pyrasidol, incazan, tetrindol as compared with amitriptyline and their influence on the analgesic effect of acupuncture were studied in experiments on rats by using the method of electrical stimulation of the tail root with stimuli of the increasing intensity. All the studied drugs at single and subchronic (6 days) administration possessed the analgesic actions. Pyrasidol exerted the most pronounced effect. The antidepressants enhanced the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture, in particular during activation of the points of general action and this effect showed up to the greatest degree under medication with pyrasidol.

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In experiments on rats the influence of diazepam, cinazepam, and phenazepam (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on the development of brain edema in the dynamics of acute craniocerebral injury was studied. The diazepam and phenazepam prevented the development of brain edema in the post-traumatic period. The antiedematous effect of benzodiazepines was connected with their influence on metabolism of the brain.