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Question: Overview of the Technology of Bionic Surface Drag Reduction

With the development of economy, the energy problem is becoming more and more seriously, which is closely related to resistance, and drag reduction means to save energy. Research on the technology of drag reduction plays an important role in the area of energy saving and its utilization rate enhancing. Using the method of bionic surface drag reduction to reduce the surface friction drag in a fluid medium has become a hot topic in the research area of drag reduction. Furthermore, through analyzing approaches of bionic surface drag reduction on the necessary of energy saving, energy utilization rate enhancing and drag reduction theory system improving, the research progress of the dynamic bionic non-smooth surfaces and bionic jet surface drag reduction technology are summarized in detail, the main trend of non-smooth drag reduction technology research and jet drag reduction technology is reviewed.

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Biomaterials * Optical Components * Construction Materials * Nuclear Waste Containment * Ceramic Superconductors * Archeologically Significant Articles.


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Question: Demonstration Analysis on Heilongjiang Province's Industry Structure and Economic Benefit

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The development of manufacturing had very important meaning to one country or a region's industrialization.Manufacturing sector occupies an important position in the economics of Heilongjiang province.The petrochemical industry,equipment manufacturing,the food industry and the pharmaceutical industry,these four major industries are the pillar of the manufacturing industry in Heilongjiang Province,but its internal development is not balanced.Heilongjiang Province manufacturing entropy values decline,industrial structure development slowly in the direction of professional.Main industry exist the problem of low economic efficiency,and some industries have better economic returns,but production efficiency is low.

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Outlook of Agricultural Development to 2050 and the Demand for Science and Technology.- Roadmap and Goals of Agricultural Science and Technology in China.- Roadmap of Plant Germplasm Resources and Modern Plant Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Animal Germplasm Resources and Modern Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Resource Saving Agricultural Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Production and Food Safety Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Modernization and Intelligentization Science and Technology Development.- The Institutions and Policy Support for Agricultural Science and Technology Development in the Future.


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Question: Stochastic Partial Differential Equations

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A brief discussion on the relevance of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) in Sect. 9.1 is followed by a review of the type of SPDEs studied in the mathematical literature (Sect. 9.2). Section 9.3 shows that SPDEs can be solved by the methods in Chaps. 7 and 8 via time and space discretization. Section 9.4 deals with SPDEs that are frequently encountered in applications. The focus is on stochastic elliptic partial differential equations. We review general concepts on this class of equations (Sect. 9.4.1), and present solutions by Monte Carlo (Sect. 9.4.4), stochastic reduced order models (Sect. 9.4.5), stochastic Galerkin (Sect. 9.4.8), and stochastic collocation (Sect. 9.4.9) methods. The last section of the chapter considers SDEs whose coefficients have small uncertainty, and presents methods for solving these equations by Taylor (Sect. 9.5.1), perturbation (Sect. 9.5.2), and Neumann series (Sect. 9.5.3) representations.

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One dimensional problems.- The Analytical Behaviour of Solutions.- Finite Difference Schemes for Convection-Diffusion Problems.- Finite Element and Finite Volume Methods.- Discretisations of Reaction-Convection-Diffusion Problems.- Layer-Adapted Meshes.- Two dimensional problems.- The Analytical Behaviour of Solutions.- Reaction-Diffusion Problems.- Convection-Diffusion Problems.


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Question: Two-Dimensional Finite Element Meshing

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The finite element method has recently been developed with more new methods and algorithms being created.This paper classified many two-dimensional finite mesh algorithms both domestic and overseas based on consulting many literatures of this domain,and selected some representative algorithms to introduce and evaluate.Someone who studies in this domain can have a clear overview of actuality and development.

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This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Cultivating Cultural Awareness in College English Teaching

This paper studies how to effectively cultivate college students’ cultural awareness in college English teaching and learning in the attempt to effectively promote the target culture learning in a non-native context like China through adopting various ways. This study is carried out through a sociocultural test among college English teachers and learners, with the expectation to get an objective view of the current status of culture instruction in college English teaching in China.

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Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


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Question: The Research into the PLC System of the General-purpose Material Handing Robot

This paper analyzes the PLC system of the general-purpose material handing robot and focus on the design and application of the system.

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Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: A New Approach of Real Time Step Length Estimation for Waist Mounted PDR System

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Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is a promising solution for indoor positioning. It can work without either GPS signals or Wi-Fi coverage. Commonly, a foot mounted PDR system is relatively more accurate, but a PDR system mounted on the waist or integrated in a Smartphone can be more convenient. However, such systems have difficulties with step length estimation. Most of them estimate step length indirectly according to acceleration features. This paper proposes a new approach of step length estimation for waist mounted PDR system which does not require detection of zero velocity point. Our approach can provide 96.9% accuracy in walking distance estimation. In addition, we also discussed the influence of mounting position of sensors to the accuracy. Finally, we applied the principle of step length estimation to state detection, distinguishing normal walking, descending or ascending. Tests show that as high as 81%, our method can correctly distinguish the person's walking status with 81% accuracy.

Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.


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Question: Determination of iodine and calcium concentrations in the bread improver using EDXRF

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Abstract A study was made on the determination of elemental composition of the bread improver using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Enrichment of I and Ca was seen in the bread improver. Concentration of I with an annular 241Am radioactive source and concentration of Ca with an annular 55Fe radioactive source were determined by using standard addition method in 2π geometry. A Si(Li) detector and a multichannel analyzer were used to measure I and Ca concentrations in the bread improver.

The progress of modern analytical atomic spectrometry is briefly reviewed with emphasis on ICP-AES and ICP-MS; these provide some excellent analytical features such as high sensitivity, wide linear dynamic range, and multielement detection capability. Thus, the multielement determination of the major-to-ultratrace elements from % to sub-ppt (1 ppt = 10−12 g ml−1) level is possible for the biological, geochemical, and environmental samples. The standard or certified reference materials of plant, human blood serum, and the other biological samples were analyzed to establish the reliable analytical methods for the multielement determination by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The modern analytical methods were applied to: (i) the correlation analysis of the elements in human blood serum, and (ii) the determination of rare earth elements in human blood serum on a personal basis. The speciation of trace elements in natural water was also carried out by the SEC (size exclusion chromatography)/UV absorption detection/ICP-MS ...


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Question: Signal processing for interferometric fiber sensors

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Interferometric sensors have been shown to be highly sensitive devices for the measurement of a number of physical fields including acoustic pressure, magnetic field, vibration, strain, acceleration, temperature, and rotation. A wide range of “signal processing” techniques for use with fiber interferometers has evolved over the past decade that addresses issues such as passive demodulation, absolute measurand sensing, multiple wavelength interrogation, polarization control, noise reduction, and multiplexing of sensor arrays. This paper will discuss these generic issues as they relate to a broad range of possible application areas for interferometric fiber sensors.

It is shown that integration of microspheres inside microcapillaries or hollow waveguides allow the development of compact focusing tools for a variety of biomedical and photonics applications.


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Question: B207 Digital Specklegram Tomography for Reconstruction of Transient Three-Dimensional Density Distributions

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Transient and asymmetric density distributions have been investigated by digital specklegram tomography. Multiple CCD images captured movements of speckles in three angles of view simultaneously because the flows were asymmetric and transient. The speckle movements between no flow and downward carbon dioxide flow from a circular small opening with a vertical partition have been calculated by a cross-correlation tracking method so that those distances can be transferred to deflection angles of laser rays for density gradients. The transient three-dimensional density fields have been reconstructed from the deflection angles by a tomography method.


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Question: Abstract 024: 20-HETE Activates the Transcription of Endothelial Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) via NF-kB Translocation and Promoter Binding

Increased vascular 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450-arachidonic acid metabolite, promotes vascular dysfunction, injury and hypertension that is dependent, in part, on the renin angiotensin system (RAS). We showed that in cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC), 20-HETE (5 nM) increases angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA, protein, and cellular and extracellular ACE activity via EGFR-tyrosine kinase-MAPK-IKKβ- signaling pathway. Here we show that treatment of HMVEC with EGF (100 ng/ml) alone or with 20-HETE (10 nM) did not induce or further increase ACE mRNA levels. Pretreatment of cells with a neutralizing antibody against EGF did not prevent the 20-HETE- or 20-HETE+EGF-mediated ACE induction, indicating that the induction of ACE by 20-HETE is EGF-independent. The NF-kB inhibitor JSH-23 prevented the 4.58-fold (±0.78; p

Gene Regulatory Networks Orchestrating B Cell Fate Specification, Commitment, and Differentiation.- Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Lymphocyte Lineage Determination.- Ikaros-Family Proteins: In Search of Molecular Functions During Lymphocyte Development.- Biochemistry of V(D)J Recombination.- The Pre-B Cell Receptor in B Cell Development: Recent Advances, Persistent Questions and Conserved Mechanisms.- Transcriptional Control of B Cell Activation.- Expression of MHC II Genes.- Class Switch Recombination: An Emerging Mechanism.- Blimp-1, Immunoglobulin Secretion, and the Switch to Plasma Cells.- Wnt Signaling in Lymphopoiesis.- Subject Index.


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Question: Migratory history of the giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in the Bonin Islands of Japan

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Chino N, Arai T. Migratory history of the giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in the Bonin Islands of Japan. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 19–25. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S ::: ::: ::: ::: Abstract – In order to elucidate the migratory history and habitat use of the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata, in the Bonin Islands of Japan, strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in otoliths were examined by X-ray electron microprobe analysis. The X-ray intensity map and line analyses showed three fluctuation patterns: (i) freshwater residence, (ii) continuous residence in brackish water, and (iii) residence in freshwater after recruitment, while returning to brackish water. Based on these results and previous studies, the migratory behaviours of A. marmorata appear to differ in each habitat in response to inter- and intra-specific competition. The results suggest that A. marmorata has a flexible pattern of migration, with an ability to adapt to various habitats and salinities.

Meristic and morphometric data of a specimen of tarpon Megalops atlanticus caught off the Asturias coast, northern Spain, are reported. This is the first record of this species in Spanish waters.


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Question: Leader-Follower Approach to Gas-Electricity Expansion Planning Problem

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a method for sequential gas and electricity networks expansion planning problem. A leader-follower approach performs the expansion planning of the joint gas and electricity networks. Electric system operator under adequacy incentive decides about investment in capacity addition to the generation and transmission levels while considers the limitations on fuel consumption. On the other hand gas operator decides about investment in gas pipelines expansions considering the demanded gas by the electricity network. In this planning model for a joint gas-electricity network, supply and demand are matched together while adequacy of fuel for gas consuming units is also guaranteed. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method Khorasan province of Iran is considered as a case study which has a high penetration level of gas-fired power plants (GFPP). Results are compared with the integrated gas-electricity networks expansion planning method.

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Traditional Management and Management Engineering.- Dynamic Supply and Demand Balance Problems.- Linear and Probabilistic Resource Optimization and Allocation Problems.- Forecasting of Time Series.- Business Intelligence and Data Mining.- The Use of Game Theory.- Summary of Some Fundamental Management Engineering Principles.- Concluding Remarks.


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Question: Strong polaronic behavior in a weak coupling superconductor

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Given ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'A front-end discriminator for application in readout electronics of gas chamber particle detectors, composed of a high-gain pulse amplifier integrated with a threshold comparator and an ECL logic buffer, has been designed. An 8-channels full custom chip has been fabricated in GaAs IC technology. The chip turns out very stable, featuring high voltage gain (>1000), gain-bandwidth product (1011) and sensitivity (~50uV), fast rise time (1.5ns), and only 25mW per channel of power consumption, while providing the ECL dynamic to the output pulses.'], a positive would be ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'An 8-channels GaAs IC front-end discriminator for RPC particle detectors']

Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory & Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA ∗These authors contributed equally to this work †Correspondence to: aswartz@stanford.edu

Abstract We consider a two spin fluid model for the doped CuO 2 plane consisting of an itinerant O-hole and localized Cu-spin quantum fluid. The effect of a superconducting transition in the O-hole system on the Cu-spin system is small, in contrast to experiment.


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Question: Potentiation of analgesic activity of buprenorphine by naloxone, naltrexone or nalmefene

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An analgesic composition in parenteral unit dosage form or in a unit dosage form suitable for delivery via the mucosa comprising an amount of buprenorphine which is less than the clinical dose required to achieve pain relief and an amount of naloxone such that the ratio by weight of buprenorphine to naloxone is in the range of from 12 O 5:1 to 27 O 5:1, or an amount of naltrexone or nalmefene such that the ratio by weight of buprenorphine to naltrexone or nalmefene is in the range of from 12 O 5:1 to 22 O 5:1, whereby the analgesic action of the buprenorphine is potentiated by the low dose of naloxone, naltrexone or nalmefene.

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Provided: "['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'In this study, elemental mercury (EM) adsorbents were synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane as silica precursors. The synthesized silica gel (SG)-TEOS was further functionalized through impregnation with elemental sulphur and carbon disulphide (CS2). The SG adsorbents were then characterized by using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometer, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer. The EM adsorption of the SG adsorbents was determined using fabricated fixed-bed adsorber. The EM adsorption results showed that the sulphur-functionalized SG adsorbents had a greater Hg° breakthrough adsorption capacity, confirming that the presence of sulphur in silica matrices can improve Hg° adsorption performance due to their high affinity towards mercury. The highest Hg° adsorption capacity was observed for SG-TEOS(CS2) (82.62 μg/g), which was approximately 2.9 times higher than SG-TEOS (28.47 μg/g). The...']" Match: "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Adsorption enhancement of elemental mercury onto sulphur-functionalized silica gel adsorbents']"

Zacopride administered orally was more emetic in fed than in fasted ferrets. The emetic activity of zacopride (0.1 mg/kg p.o.) was inhibited (100%) by 0.1 mg/kg i.p. of zacopride and 1 mg/kg i.p. of ICS 205-930. Haloperidol (3.16 mg/kg i.p.) and prochlorperazine (3.16 mg/kg i.p.) were weakly effective. N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide, a 5-HT1P antagonist, was inactive. Thus, the emetic activity of zacopride, like that of cisplatin, is blocked by 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.


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Question: Assessing Student Perception of Extreme Apprenticeship for Operating Systems

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The paper explains how we investigated student perception of Extreme Apprenticeship as applied to an Operating Systems course, via self-report questionnaires. In particular, the paper explains how we analyzed self-efficacy, before and after the course experience.

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Question: Beampattern synthesis and computation for cylindrical arrays

The synthesis and calculation of beampatterns for cylindrical arrays can be greatly simplified by factoring the problem into a line array of identical hoops under very mild restrictions on array geometry. For example, elements may be directive and hoops may be nonuniformly spaced. This result has particular significance for large arrays of many elements. The design approach consists of using one of several techniques to design a good hoop beampattern combined with a standard technique for designing a good line array beampattern. The technique is illustrated by application to an array of more than 2000 directional elements where other design techniques are impractical and straightforward computation of beampatterns is several orders of magnitude more time consuming. [Work supported by ONR.]

The aim of this paper is to accurately and efficiently model this mutual interaction between the feeds, and to verify the analysis by measurement of mutual coupling between feeds on a practical Luneburg lens antenna.


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Question: Planar hydrodynamic instability computations and experiments with rugby-shaped hohlraums at the Omega laser

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Implosion of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule is very sensitive to the growth of sphericity perturbations. The control of the feeding of such perturbations and their transport ('feedthrough') through the ablator is a key point to reach ignition. Since 2002 [1, 2], experiments have been designed and performed on the Omega laser facility in order to study these phenomena in planar geometry. A new 'rugby shaped' hohlraum was used [3, 4]. We present experimental results and comparisons with numerical simulations.

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A one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic computer code has been developed to study magnetic flux compression using explosively-driven plasma armatures in cylindrically symmetric systems. This work supports a program to develop a compact, non-destructive, repetitive pulse power generator capable of multimegajoule outputs with pulse widths of about 10−5 sec. Details of the code construction and results of some calculations including the dynamics of the explosive detonation are presented.


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Question: Two faces of the structural aspects of aromaticity

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Aromaticity is the concept which depends on the structure requirements of molecules but also can be defined quantitatively by means of aromaticity indices by means of molecular geometry. Critical analysis of both aspects is presented, showing advantages and limitations of geometry-based indices.

This demonstration convincingly shows shows the effect of an inhibitor on a chemical system.


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Question: Effect of composition on optical properties of xZnO-20Nb_2O_5-(80-x)TeO_2 glass

In order to study the influences of Zn O-Nb2O5-Te O2 glass concentration on its properties, Zn O-Nb2O5-Te O2 glass with different content of Zn O(0 mol%,2 mol%,4 mol%,6 mol% and 8 mol%)was prepared with melting method. The glass sample was characterized by using Raman spectra, infrared spectra and differential thermal analyzer(DTA) analysis means. The result of study shows that the glass transition temperature is minimum, and apparent density and refractive index is maximum when Zn O concentration is equal to 4 mol%. Though the Raman spectra analysis and infrared spectra, it can be concluded that it is the H-O-H and Te O4 concentration and the portion of ionic bond of Nb2O5 that influences the Zn O-Nb2O5-Te O2 glass properties. This paper provides feasible approaches for study on rare-metal doped tellurite glasses.

We report on the investigation of morphology, magnetic and conductive properties of the mutilayered nanostructures [(Co40Fe40B20)(34)(SiO2)(66)]/[C](47) consisting of the contacting magnetic (Co Fe ...


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Question: The type and extent of non-LTE in argon arcs at 0.1-10 bar

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A 30-A, 3-mm-diameter, wall-stabilized argon arc with 1% hydrogen is examined spectrometrically at pressures of 0.1-10 bar. Values of T/sub g/, and T/sub exa/ diverge as pressure decreases below 5 bar (n/sub e/ >

An analysis is made of experimental data on the formation of Ne22+ molecules in neon under the action of a charged-particle beam or x-ray radiation. It is concluded that high-power high-efficiency lasing may be achieved due to electronic transitions in the Ne22+ ion at the ~ 80 nm wavelength when the specific pump power is ~ 10 MW/cm3 and the neon pressure is ~ 2 atm.


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Question: A New Method for Evaluating Error Magnitudes of Reed-Solomon Codes

To date, Forney's method has been the most efficient and widely-used method for evaluating error magnitudes of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes in time-domain decoding. In this letter, a new method is proposed to evaluate error magnitudes of RS codes. The proposed method has lower computational complexity than Forney's one.

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Abstract : Contents: Routing and Acknowledgement Schemes for the Packet Radio System; System Capacity and Data Rate Considerations; Radio frequency Channel Capacity Considerations; Measurement Program for Packet Radio Channel Characterization; Dynamically Allocated Multiple-Channel Network Concept; Notes on Radar Test; Modulation Waveform Types; Synchronization Preambles; Impact of Channet Options on Repeater Design; Power Budget Analysis; Powers Sources for Repeaters and Terminals; Criteria of Code Selection in Minimum Shift Keyer Sense; and Microprocessor Components.


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Question: Clamping die on processing center

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For instance, <<['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', 'A terminal equipped with buttons having display functions and a display method therefor are provided to display plural images determined by an inclined shape of the terminal on plural buttons equipped in the terminal without reducing the size of the buttons even though there are many functions executable in the terminal. A sensor(110) senses gravity acceleration exerted on a terminal, at fixed coordinates for the terminal. A calculator(120) calculates an inclined shape of the terminal by using the sensed results. Plural buttons(130-1~130-N) display plural images by responding to a control signal. A controller(140) generates the control signal for instructing display of the images shown by image data corresponding to changes of the calculated results among prepared image data.']>>  to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'Terminal having display button and method of displaying using the display button']"

The utility model discloses a clamping die on a processing center, comprising a circular workbench, wherein a base plate is arranged at the upper side of the circular workbench and is provided with a movable template, three support seats and a clamping connecting rod are at least arranged at the side of the movable template, the support seats are uniformly distributed along the circular workbench and are articulated to the middle part of the clamping connecting rod, a pressure heat is arranged at the inner end of the clamping connecting rod, corresponding to the upper side of the template, and the outer end of the clamping connecting rod is connected with a vertial cylinder piston rod. The clamping die on the processing center is convenient to operate and beneficial to improving the working efficiency; and with the adoption of the clamping die on the processing center, the problems of troubled operation, low working efficiency and the like of the traditional processing center template are solved.

The present invention includes an air roots cutting roots germination and seedling seedlings in growth medium, on the Growth method trees seedlings.


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Question: Experience in using phytolith analysis in soil science

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A brief description of phytoliths, their stability, content, and distribution in some zonal soil types is given. Phytolith profiles differ in different types of soils according to their thickness and degree of expression. Detailed analysis of phytoliths of the deluvial sequence with a series of buried soils demonstrated the possibility of using the phytolith method in studying the evolution of soils, landscapes, their stability and age, and influence of the anthropogenic fac-tor.

The article described the application and expectation of PCR-RFLP in meat species identification.


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Question: [Comparative assay between PPD-Rt 23 and PPD-T in a school population (author's transl)].

226 students of both sexes from 12 to 14 years old were examined for tuberculin hypersensitivity with PPD-Rt 23 and PPD-T antigens. Strong reactions (greater than or equal to 10 mm diameter) were noted in 25,2 and 23,5% of the population, respectively. Individuals showing a weak or no reaction to PPD-Rt 23 had a weaker reaction to PPD-T, but those with a strong reaction to PPD-Rt 23 had an equivalent reaction with PPD-T.

Detection of antibodies against B. afzelii in the blood of wild ::: rodents using indirect ELISA method. Comparison with results ::: obtained in previous years.


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Question: A 0.013 ${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$, 5 $\mu\hbox{W}$ , DC-Coupled Neural Signal Acquisition IC With 0.5 V Supply

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We present an area-efficient neural signal-acquisition system that uses a digitally intensive architecture to reduce system area and enable operation from a 0.5 V supply. The architecture replaces ac coupling capacitors and analog filters with a dual mixed-signal servo loop, which allows simultaneous digitization of the action and local field potentials. A noise-efficient DAC topology and an compact, boxcar sampling ADC are used to cancel input offset and prevent noise folding while enabling “per-pixel” digitization, alleviating system-level complexity. Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, the prototype occupies 0.013 mm2 while consuming 5 μW and achieving 4.9 μVrms of input-referred noise in a 10 kHz bandwidth.

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A fractional Injection Locked Clock Multiplier (ILCM) based on an injection locked Digitally Controlled Ring Oscillator (DCRO) is proposed in this work. Process Voltage Temperature (PVT) calibration was performed using a replica oscillator and a high speed digital counter. The proposed design was fully synthesized and designed in a TSMC 65 nm GP CMOS process with no analog or RF enhancements. The measured phase noise (1 MHz offset) and RMS jitter (1 kHz to 30 MHz) for $3.125\times f_{\mathbf{ref}}$ injection locking were found to be −126 dBc/Hz and 251 fs, respectively. The ILCM consumes 13.25 mW and has a fraction resolution of $f_{\mathbf{ref}}/32$.


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Question: A Study on Flow Characteristics in Muffler for 125cc Grade Motorcycle

This study represents numerical study on the thermal and fluid flow characteristics of exhaust gas in a motorcycle muffler. The engine generates 125cc of displacement. Numerical analysis with computational fluid dynamics(CFD) was carried out to investigate the exhaust gas that flow into a motorcycle muffler. The STAR-CD S/W used to analyze three dimensional steady state and transient in a muffler. The Navier-Stokes Equation is solved with SAMPLE and PISO method in cartesian coordinates system. As the numerical result, it could be confirmed pulsating pressure generated from inlet of muffler become closer to the atmospheric pressure through baffle. Also the numerical result was almost identical to experimental result and, through the comparison, the reliability of numerical result was confirmed.

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On The Request Of Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Bangalore, National Aeronautical Laboratory Undertook Calibration Of Several Of Their Pitot Rakes, Which Are Used In Flow Measurements In Test Engines. In This Report, Results Of Pressure Recovery Of Four Pitot Probes At Selected Subsonic Mach Numbers Are Presented.


Question: Some factors influencing cooling rates of rotationally molded parts

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Recently, rotational molding engineers, concerned with warpage and uneven cooling in parts, have been “pre-cooling” the mold in forced draft air after removal from the oven and prior to water quenching to removal temperature. In this paper, we analyze some of the factors that influence the rate of heat removal from an amorphous plastic in a metal mold. We find that mold thickness and thermal diffusivity, convection heat transfer coefficient of the cooling fluid, the thermal properties of the plastic and the initial, final and “freezing” temperatures of the plastic influence this cooling rate and the corresponding rate of volumetric shrinkage. We illustrate our analysis with several examples and discuss some guidelines in detail.

A transparent frozen soil, made by subjecting fluoropolymer, particulate ice, and a colorless and porous liquid to the steps of preparing, mixing, evacuating, and freezing. The fluoropolymer is Teflon AF1600 produced by the U.S. company DuPont and has a refractive index of 1.31, a particle size of 0.25 mm - 2.0 mm, and a density of 2.1 g/cm 3 - 2.3 g/cm 3 . Also disclosed is the use of said transparent frozen soil in testing directional frozen-soil-blasting models and in thermal-melt landslide testing of model frozen-soil embankments. The transparent frozen soil simulates well the properties of natural frozen rock, and is suitable for use in model testing for rock engineering purposes. Testing results are precise and the invention allows for the visualization of transformations within the rock body. Moreover, the invention is low in cost and easy to use.


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Question: Environmental Assessment for Property Transfer to Cheyenne Regional Medical Center, F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming

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Abstract : The US Air Force (USAF) is proposing the transfer of land at F.E. Warren Air Force Base (AFB, or Base) to the Cheyenne Regional Medical Center (CRMC) in Cheyenne, Wyoming for the purpose of future development of medical facilities. The property proposed for transfer is located in the southeast corner of F.E. Warren AFB, south of Happy Jack Road, just east of the intersection of Happy Jack Road and Old Happy Jack Road (see Figure 1, Appendix A).

Prepared in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey and the State Highway Department of Delaware


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Question: Identifying Important Parameters for a Continuous Bioscouring Process

Compared to a bioscouring process in the batch mode, a continuously operating process requires relatively short processing steps. This study focusses on minimizing the required enzymatic incubation time. It is clear that the presence of a sufficient level of surfactant is of major importance in obtaining a satisfying level of water absorbency in a limited time frame. Surprisingly, it is also clear that, although essential, the level of pectin degradation is less important. The most crucial factor in the whole bioscouring process is the removal of the enzyme-weakened cuticle compounds in the rinsing phase. Rinsing at high tem peratures in the presence of surfactant and chelator is most efficient.

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This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Preparation of pullulan acetate nanoparticles

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Objective:To synthesize pullulan acetate(PA) by the reaction of pullulan with acetic anhydride and prepare its nanoparticles.Methods:The chemical structure of product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR) spectroscopy.The degree of substitution was determined by 1H NMR.The solvent diffusion method was used to prepare PA nanoparticles.The nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),dynamic laser light scattering(DLLS) to investigate influencing factors.Results:The chemical structure of PA was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR.PA nanoparticles had spherical morphology and the size was increased with acetate degree of substitution.Conclusion:PA nanoparticles could be prepared by solvent diffusion method.The preparation procedure was easy for industrial production.This novel nanoparticle system was promising to be a good drug carrier.

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Near-monodisperse, submicrometer-sized, colloidally stable polyacid particles containing phosphate groups were synthesized by free radical dispersion polymerization of acid phosphoxy polyoxyethylen...


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Question: Beijing smog contains witches' brew of microbes

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Metagenomic survey reveals traces of pathogens and allergens in the city’s air.

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Two times each year, legions of chemists gather in North America for a massive meeting to discuss the state of the art in their science. The second of this year's get-togethers occurred 2 weeks ago, when the 206th national meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) drew about 13,000 chemists, scientists, and onlookers to Chicago. Researchers shared 4800 or so papers and posters on everything from making waste plastic into fuel oil to the chemical basis for the stench of ginkgo fruit to modeling the first instants of photosynthesis.


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Question: "Besotted with the Bright Lights of Imperialism":? Arab Subjectivity Constructed Against New York's Many Faces

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This article reads symbolism and imagery related to New York City in Yūsuf Idrīs's New York 80, Adūnīs's Qabr min ajl New York, and Radwā 'Āshūr's Al-Rihla, to advance two interrelated arguments about the formulation of a positive, modern Arab subjectivity. Firstly, though all of the texts criticize the United States and set up an opposition between the Arab self and the US other, none of the texts merely inscribes a simplistic self-other dichotomy. Analyzing this allows a more complex notion of Arab subjectivity to emerge. Secondly, gendered symbolism and imagery are manipulated in these texts and thus gender analyses are crucial to exploring the articulations of Arab subjectivity in these works.

Introduction: Living for the City: Reading Twentieth Century Ghettoes in Postmodern Times "The Love of Colour in Me": Anzia Yezierska's Bread Givers (1928) and the Space of White Racial Manufacture "To Make a Man Out of You: Masculine Fantasies and White Failure in Michael Gold's Jews Without Money (1930)" "Jammed in Hemispherical Blackness": Looking Through Campy Transvestitism in Hubert Selby Jr.'s Last Exit to Brooklyn "'Enough to Make a Body Riot': Chester Himes, Melancholia, and the Postmodern Renovation" "In a World with No Address": Rescuing Ghetto Patriarchy in The Women of Brewster Place And the Arc of His Witness Explained Nothing: Black Flanerie and Traumatic Photorealism in Wideman's Two Cities Conclusion: Beyond the Manichean Literary Ghetto?


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Question: 2011 Information Retrieval and Extraction Group 9 Final Project - WT10G Retrival

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The paper proposes the Indri model considering dierent term weights and PageRank score as prior. Then pseudorelevance feedback (PRF) is performed. The proposed approaches are useful in extensive experiments, and the proposed PRF with soft selection can stably increase the performance. Very encouraging results are obtained.

Radio Chinese - Calm Radio Feng Shui - OnLine the Internet Translation from Canada Markem - №70


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Question: Devitrification of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glass studied by XRD, SANS, and NMR

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Abstract The crystallization process of the Zr 41.2 Ti 13.8 Cu 12.5 Ni 10.0 Be 22.5 bulk metallic glass was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle neutron scattering, and 9 Be nuclear magnetic resonance. Upon annealing near the glass transition and up to a temperature near 673 K, a Be-containing crystalline phase forms after sufficient decomposition of the supercooled liquid. The XRD pattern of this Be-containing phase is consistent with icosahedral symmetry. The small length scale of the decomposed supercooled liquid structure limits the grain size of this phase, which gives rise to broad XRD peaks. Above 673 K, annealing produces Be 2 Zr and Zr 2 Cu, along with other crystalline phases.

NXFit is a program for obtaining optimized structural parameters from amorphous materials by simultaneously fitting X-ray and neutron pair-distribution functions. Partial correlation functions are generated in Q space, summed and Fourier transformed for comparison with the experimental data in r space. NXFit uses the Nelder–Mead method to vary a set of `best guess' parameters to achieve a fit to experimentally derived data. The output parameters from NXFit are coordination number, atomic separation and disorder parameter for each atomic correlation used in the fitting process. The use of NXFit has been demonstrated by fitting both X-ray and neutron diffraction data from two quite different amorphous materials: a melt-quenched (Na2O)0.5(P2O5)0.5 glass and a (TiO2)0.18(SiO2)0.82 sol–gel.


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Question: How to Evaluate Pavements' Environmental Performance

This article, the second in a special section on sustainability, explains how software developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), can be used to analyze the environmental and economic performance of pavements. The program, Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES), analyzes all stages in the life of a product, from raw material acquisition to manufacture to transportation, installation, use, and recycling. Reviewed by consultants, private industry, and government officials, BEES is a state-of-the-art tool. The program can be downloaded for free from NIST at http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae/software/bees/.

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Introduction 1. Health Issues from Materials used in Residential Buildings 2. Hazards to the General Environment from the Manufacture, Use and Disposal of Buildings, Building Materials and Components 3. Whole Building Performance Issues - Design, Construction, Use and Disassembly 4. How to Use the Application Sheets 5. Application Sheets 6. Hazardous Materials in Existing Buildings. Appendix. Useful Addresses. Index


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Question: Nutritional and Botanical Approaches to Antiaging

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A s the human population ages and increases in longevity, study of biological aging is emerging. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for 2003, an estimated 35.9 million Americans were over the age of 65 and more than 25 percent of this population was in fair-to-poor health.1 The mechanism of cellular aging is elusive and many theories have been proposed to explain the decrease in physiologic function that occurs with aging. As a result of increased risks of disease and mortality, decreases in quality of life, and rising health care costs, aging and longevity research is necessary to address problems related to aging. A wide range of nutrients and interventions have been shown to decrease cellular aging and age-related disease.

High-Yield Facts Immune System Genetic Disease Neoplasia and Blood Disorders Infectious Disease Cardiovascular Pulmonary Renal-Nephrology Gastroenterology Liver Disease Thyroid and Pituitary Disorders Female and Male Reproductive Tracts Nervous System Bibliography Index


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Question: Research on comparison of textile industry technological innovation among typical countries

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"['', 'Climate change is being discussed in many parts of the world and has required changes in many economic sectors, particularly in the industrial sector. In this context, the integration of the product development process and sustainability has become critical since it is not possible to accept methods and the approach of developing products and services that may compromise the future of the planet. Thus, studies on energy technologies by means of hydrogen and its links to sustainability have grown significantly in recent years. However, these studies have not yet addressed the social aspects of the evaluation of the life cycle because they are in an embryonic stage. Therefore, this paper aims to present the issues arising from social life cycle assessment of energy technology derived from hydrogen. Illustrative examples of energy applications coming from hydrogen and the potential benefits of hydrogen energy for the society are presented and discussed as well.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Social Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Energy Technologies']"

In China, textile industry is the Pillar industry and it is also in the third place of exports industry. The textile industry in China has been in the pattern of labor intensive. The main issues restrict China's textile industry are lacking of powers in technological innovation and lagging technology and equipment. The paper analyzes the development stage of our country's textile industry by using the industry's life cycle theory. Here we choose some countries' textile industry to compare their situation of technological innovation, researches the characteristics, finally discusses experiences to our country's textile industry.

The theories of regional economics and industrial economics were adopted to construct the industrial selection index system and measurement model,and to calculate and propose the type of leading industries for the valley economic development.


Question: Nanoindentation characterization of strain rate sensitivity of lead-free solders

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Nanoindentation tests were conducted on lead-free solders of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu,Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-3.5Ag to investigate the strain rate sensitivity at room temperature.For the lead-free solders,indentation load under the same indentation depth increases with increasing loading strain rate.The contact stiffness during loading increases with indentation depth approximatively linearly,and the elastic modulus of the lead-free solders under different strain rates basically remains unchanged.The hardness increases as strain rate increases,indicating the strain rate hardening effect of viscous solders.During the holding stage,creep displacement increases with increasing strain rate during loading,while the creep strain rate firstly declines sharply and then stabilizes.Effects of stain rate on the mechanical properties of lead-free solders was systematically studied,providing valuable information for the reliability evaluation of lead-free solder joints in the service process.

The effect of temperature on the dynamic E- and G-moduli and mechanical and dielectric loss factors of glass-reinforced plastics, cured polyester resin, and glass reinforcement is investigated, together with the effect of the oscillation frequency.


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Question: Advances of research on citrinin in red yeast rice

The advances of research on citrinin in Chinese red yeast rice is reviewed in this paper.Meanwhile the writer gives a detail discussion on the physical and chemical characteristic of citrinin,biosynthetic pathway of citrinin in Monascus spp.,toxicity of citrinin and red yeast rice,particularly,on determination methods of citrinin and how to decrease the content of citrinin in Chinese red yeast rice.

This paper introduced the biological activities of plant polysaccharide, such as strengthening immunity, antitumour , reducing glycemia, reducing fat in blood, resisting radiate and virus, resisting fatigue and caducity, etc.This paper also introduced the study extension of plant polysaccharide.


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Question: The Evolving 'Temp Score' in Animation

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'Temp music' has long been used to assist in the making of Hollywood motion pictures. Animated feature films, in particular, often spend years in production, going through a protracted process of development, storyboarding, animation, lighting, shading, editing and revisions. Unlike live-action film, today's computer-animated film is also edited as it is being developed, written and conceived. Hence, the 'temp score' changes, evolves and is 'conformed' as sequences are further edited and altered following reviews, screenings, rewrites, picture changes and new animation. Over several years, the temp score evolves along with the film. The evolution of the temp score, while being a hidden, unglorified part of the filmmaking process, is ideally situated to impact upon debates concerning authorship, originality, auteur theory, collaborative processes and intertextuality. Drawing on the author's notes and discussions with filmmakers, this article provides a glimpse into the internal process of temp scoring in c...

It Isn't Luck The Playing Field: What Business Are You In? Strategies: How Do We Play? The Winning Team Leadership: Dr House, Frank Rijkaard and Pep Guardiola Human Resources: Good Criteria and Hygiene Reasons and Emotions on the Negotiating Table Innovation: Science and Art Back To The Future


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Question: Occurrence and pathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri in artificially heated waters.

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The occurrence of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri in thermal discharges, recipient waters, and cooling towers of eight power plants located in western Pennsylvania was investigated for 2 years in conjunction with several environmental measurements. Pathogenic N. fowleri was detected in one cooling tower and in the discharge, receiving waters, or both of five of eight localities. The occurrence of this organism was related to elevated temperatures, but no significant correlation was found for other biological and chemical parameters. Laboratory experiments on the effect of pH on pathogenic N. fowleri documented 100% survival at a range from 2.1 to 8.15. Higher pH reduced or killed the amoebae. No case of human primary amoebic meningoencephalitis occurred during the study.

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Background ::: The purpose of this study is to describe the morphological characteristics of the Aphanizomenon spp. and related species from the natural samples collected in the Nakdong River of South Korea.


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Question: LIS community's perceptions towards open source software adoption in libraries

The purpose of the study was to investigate LIS Community's perceptions towards Open Source Software (OSS) adoption in libraries. The study adopted quantitative research design and a Likert type scale of 20 items was designed to collect data. Attention was given to three variables – organization type (public/private sector), library type (academic/public/special), and country type (developed/developing). A total of 370 responses were received from 48 countries. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-Test, and ANOVA. The overall results suggested that respondents had positive perceptions towards OSS. However the results of t-Test and ANOVA indicated that organization type or library type were insignificant factors but country type was a significant factor as respondents from developed countries has significant difference of perceptions in comparison with the respondents from developing countries.This study is first of its kind in the world. The findings are useful f...

In the 21st century, education has evolved from being confined to the four walls of a classroom to a more flexible online environment using Cloud Computing (CC) technology which has brought immense technological transformation in the field of education. This technology is rapidly growing and improving the Higher Educational Institutions’ (HEIs) performance around the world, where learners can access various computer applications from remote locations through the Internet. Previous studies on cloud computing adoption have highlighted various advantages of using this technology in HEIs, mainly in the developed countries. However, in the case of developing countries like Bangladesh, lack of research on identifying factors that might influence cloud computing adoption was observed. Hence, the authors of this paper have proposed a conceptual model that identifies the factors that influence cloud computing adoption for the faculty members and students in Bangladeshi HEIs.


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Question: On the universal Fermi interaction

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It is shown that, by introducing the interaction in the form of the interaction of Urmaterie, a substance of higher level than elementary particles, the universal Fermi interaction with the combinationf1(S−T+P)+f2(S−A−P), wheref2 andf2 are arbitrary constants, follows uniquely.

The article is about using margin in a certain interval of function to repl ace univalent reciproced to generalize median principle of Larg range principle.


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Question: On the Effect of Various Shaped Turbulence Stimulators and Resistance of these Stimulators own.

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Formerly, the critical value of roughness for plate studs having constant breadth was found by experiments.The author, lately, carried out experiments to determine critical values of roughness for various shaped stimulators and observed the wake behind stimulators by means of the chemical film method, hot wire anemometer technique and milk injection. Critical values of roughness for various stimulators were determined by results obtained.Moreover, resistance of various stimulators own were measured directly.Using above-mentioned results, resistance of various stimulators placed on the flat plate were calculated and compared each other under various conditions. The superiority of studs was confirmed by these results.

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Design of an Isolated Airfoil in an Ideal Incompressible Fluid. Account of Compressibility and Viscosity. Airfoil Design for a Given Range of Angels of Attack. Design of Mechanized Airfoils and Airfoils with Permeable Contour. Design Problems for Airfoils with Partially Given Contour. Airfoil Cascade Design. Aerohydrodynamically Reasonable Velocity Distributions. Regularization and Optimization in Inverse Boundary Value Problems of Hydrodynamics.


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Question: Student evaluation of teaching quality in higher education: development of an instrument based on 10 Likert‐scales

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Students' evaluation of teaching skills has been an important yet controversial tool in the improvement of teaching quality during the last few decades. When searching for an apt student questionnaire to measure instructional skills, it appeared that most existing questionnaires the authors were able to collect are based on a single‐item type of evaluation. Additionally, most of these instruments lack a theoretical foundation and hardly any instrument was tested with modern tests for reliability and validity. The authors managed to create a 31‐item instrument which comprises 10 Likert scales and is based on both the educational theory and empirical data. In this article, they present the different steps in constructing the instrument and discuss its reliability and validity. The results of this study underline the value of the use of a scaling technique in students' evaluation of teacher performance.

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"['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Abstract This paper considers the prescribed zero scalar curvature and mean curvature problem on the n -dimensional Euclidean ball for n ⩾3. We consider the limits of solutions of the regularization obtained by decreasing the critical exponent. We characterize those subcritical solutions which blow-up at the least possible energy level, determining the points at which they can concentrate, and their Morse indices. We show that when n =3 this is the only blow-up which can occur for solutions. We use this in combination with the Morse inequalities for the subcritical problem to obtain a general existence theorem for the prescribed zero scalar curvature and mean curvature on the three-dimensional Euclidean ball. In the higher-dimensional case n ⩾4, we give conditions on the function h to guarantee there is only one simple blow-up point.']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Conformal metrics on the ball with zero scalar curvature and prescribed mean curvature on the boundary']"

Abstract After developing Consciousness Quotient Inventory - CQI (Brazdau, 2009), research showed the need for improvement. The purpose of the current studies was to adapt and improve the CQI by revealing how demographically heterogeneous participant group (N=12) cognitively evaluate the life situations described by the CQI items. The CQI was revised two times in the light of the newest literature on conscious experience (Study #1) and using Willis’ cognitive interviewing methodology (1999), by conducting individual Cognitive interviews and further improved the CQI (Study #2). As a result, the format and the content of all 62 the items have been improved significantly.


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Question: Research Progress of Deep Vein Prevention Thrombosis Around the Hip Fractures in Perioperative Period

Deep vein thrombosis( DVT) of the incidence in orthopaedic surgery perioperative period has been increasing,especially around the hip fracture of perioperative deep vein thrombosis brings huge pain and extra economic burden. The paper sums up the related literature around the hip fracture of perioperative prevention of deep vein thrombosis for further discussion.

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Abstract : Contents: Historical Perspective; Treatment Goals; Anatomic Illustrations; Early Care; Triage and Patient Evaluation; Hypovolemic Shock Presurgical Considerations; Surgical Management; Care at Intermediate Facilities, Late Care (Reconstruction-Rehabilitation); Bone Graft Reconstruction; Preprosthetic Surgery; Case Reports; and Research in Acquired Craniofacial Disfigurement.


Question:
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E.g. given '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Research on Area-Feature-Based Filter Algorithm for Vehicle Recognition System']' it should be close to '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'Feature extraction is a central processing in the automatic target recognition system, and noise filter is an important step in the feature extraction. A lot of research in noise filter has been proposed and used in image processing. In this paper, a noise filter algorithm based on area feature for vehicle recognition system is presented. Discussing the feature of vehicle for the recognition system, and the problem of the vehicle contour feature obtained from the traffic video. Analyzing the principle of the solve approach of the area-feature-based noise filter for vehicle recognition system. Implementing the program of the algorithm proposed in the following. Experiments have been conducted by many real vehicle images obtained from a real-time video produced by a monitor. The result shows that the new proposed method can remove the noise of the image signal for the vehicle recognition efficiently.']' but not to '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'A. Filippidis, M. Russo, L.C. Jain: Novel Extension of ART2 in Surface Landmine Detection.- M. Blume: An Efficient Mapping of Fuzzy ART onto a Neural Architecture.- M. Blume, D.A. Van Blerkom: Fuzzy ARTMAP Modifications for Intersecting Class Distributions.- A.-H. Tan: Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory and Rules.- G. Bartfai, R. White: Incremental Learning and Optimization of Hierarchical Clusterings with ART-Based Modular Networks.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part I - Architectures and Algorithms.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part II - Applications.- T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips.']'.

Question: How do listeners detect interaural incoherence

Listeners are remarkably sensitive to interaural incoherence. They can easily distinguish between a coherence of 1.00 and a coherence of 0.99. Interaural incoherence leads to the sensation of apparent source width; it is also held to be responsible for the masking level difference and for the creation of binaural pitch. However, incoherence per se is only a statistical description of signals; it is not indicative of any particular auditory binaural property. To discover the relevant binaural attribute(s), three‐interval oddity experiments were performed using narrow‐band noises that were perfectly coherent or slightly incoherent. The listener’s task was to identify the incoherent noise. First, it was shown that different frozen noises with identical values of incoherence could often differ greatly in detectability. Subsequent experiments studied the detectability of incoherent frozen noises that were were particularly strong or particularly weak according to selected binaural difference functions. These f...

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A number of investigators have identified both VOT and F1 cutback as major cues for voicing contrasts. At recent meetings we have presented evidence that sinusoidal analogs to isolated F1‐cutback stimuli are perceived in a relatively discrete fashion with category boundaries corresponding to those found for synthetic speech continua. In contrast to nonspeech analogs to VOT continua (both tone‐onset‐time for stationary and nonstationary stimuli, and noise‐onset‐time for noise‐buzz stimuli), the sinusoidal analogs to F1 cutback exhibit a dependency of the category boundary on spectral frequency. Furthermore, the category boundary locations for the F1‐cutback analogs correspond to the voicing contrast boundary locations for speech stimuli. Our current research examines the perception of the F1‐cutback analog presented in conjunction with various configurations of tone‐onset‐time and noise‐onset‐time continua. In all current conditions, the degree of F1‐cutback analog and the relative onset asynchrony in the ...


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Question: Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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Obesity is associated with a high prevalence of pelvic floor disorders. Patients with obesity present with a range of urinary, bowel and sexual dysfunction problems as well as uterovaginal prolapse. Urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence and sexual dysfunction are more prevalent in patients with obesity. Uterovaginal prolapse is also more common than in the non-obese population. Weight loss by surgical and non-surgical methods plays a major role in the improvement of these symptoms in such patients. The treatment of symptoms leads to an improvement in their quality of life. However, surgical treatment of these symptoms may be accompanied by an increased risk of complications in obese patients. A better understanding of the mechanism of obesity-associated pelvic floor dysfunction is essential.

1. Introduction 2. Pulmonology 3. Cardiology 4. Cardiopulmonary Pathology 5. Pharmacology 6. Cardiopulmonary Assessment 7. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Interventions 8. Pediatrics 9. Laboratory Medicine Appendix 1 Glossary Index


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Question: The Strategy Choice of Road Traffic Service in China

The paper presents the situation and evaluate the main problems of the development of the highway transportation service level in China. The factors affecting the service level of highway traffic are analyzed, and the strategic direction and construction tasks are put forward,which focus on as followings:(1)strengthen the construction of highway transportation service standards system,(2)regulate the traffic service area management of expressway,(3)accelerate the ETC national networking,(4)accelerate the ETC national networking,(5)Promoting the construction of China's highway transportation and broadcasting,(6)further improve the travel information service system,(7)strengthen the management of highway maintenance operation organization,(8)public highway construction market information.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Long-Distance Carriers, Mass Transit Systems, Where There Is High-Volume Multimodal Use, True Multi-Modal Transit and the Theory of Rapid Transit


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Question: Imaging of Broadband Noise from Rotating Sources in Uniform Axial Flow

A method is presented for imaging rotating broadband sources with a microphone array. The microphone array rotates virtually with the same angular frequency as the source such that the pressure data are mathematically transformed into a rotating reference frame and the influence of the moving source (Doppler shift) is compensated. In contrast with other works, this method works completely in the frequency domain by using the spherical harmonic series expansion method to calculate a modified free-space Green function in the rotating system. An analytical solution for the sound radiation from the rotating sound source, which considers motion compensation and a uniform subsonic axial flow, is deduced. Simulations on a rotating point source considering axial flow are performed. Measurements with a fan are examined for different frequencies with standard delay and sum beam-forming and high-resolution algorithms.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


Question: Stability of CMC Aqueous Slurry for the Rotational Moulding of Short GF/PP Composites

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An aqueous slurry was developed as a sort of raw materials in rotational moulding for the preparation of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. The effects of various components of the slurry in which sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was used as a stabilizing agent on the stability of the slurry were investigated. The experimental results show that the influences of the amount of the surface active agent and the concentrations of polypropylene and the stabilizing agent on the stability of the aqueous slurry are significant. It has been found that the addition of a very small amount of CMC can improve the stability of the aqueous slurry.

Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


Question:
represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract:
Given ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi Relations for H2O2 Synthesis on Gold Surfaces'], a positive would be ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'By means of density functional theory calculations, the reaction mechanisms of H2O2 synthesis on three low index and two stepped Au surfaces have been investigated in detail. This study shows the activation energies of five elementary reaction steps of H2O2 synthesis, which include two hydrogenation and three decomposition steps of key species, are a function of reaction energies, which observe the Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi rules on both the flat Au surfaces and the step edge sites of stepped Au surfaces. This study not only provides a simple method to estimate the reaction barriers of elementary steps of H2O2 synthesis by the reaction energies but also predicts the catalytic performances of Au nanoparticles applied in real catalysis. .'] & a negative would be ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', '1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers']

Question: Multi-attribute procurement auctions based on Cobb-Douglas utility function

In practical multi-attribute procurement auctions,profit and winning a contract have different implications for different suppliers.This paper assumes that the suppliers weight profit and winning a contract with Cobb-Douglas utility function,obtain the equilibrium bidding strategies of the suppliers and procurer' expected utilities in the first-and second-score auctions,and compares them with those under risk-neutral assumption.The quality depends only on the cost parameters of providers and the scoring function,the more weights on the winning probability,the higher the expected utilities the buyer obtains.When the only feasible scoring rule is the buyer's utility function,the buyer should use second-score auction to cut cost if suppliers weigh profit heavily,otherwise the buyer should use first-score auction.

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Empirical economists using flexible functional forms often face the disturbing choice of drawing inferences from an approximation violating properties dictated by theory or imposing global restrictions that greatly restrict the flexibility of the functional form. Focusing on the cost function, this paper presents an alternative approach which imposes monotonicity and concavity properties only over the set of prices where inferences will be drawn. An application investigating elasticities for Berndt-Wood data set using the translog, generalized Leontief, and symmetric generalized McFadden flexible functional forms illustrates the technique. Copyright 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


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Question: Curriculum Construction and Exploration of the Course "Experimental Technology and Methods" for Postgraduates in TCM

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Aiming at improving all postgraduates' ability in innovation and their educational quality by integration of teaching resources and sharing common resources,to Explore the teaching and management mode in scientific research experiments for postgraduates in TCM through methods such as self-edited teaching materials collaborated by different disciplines,special reports in specific fields,the selection of technology modules by postgraduates themselves,scored by discussion-style etc.

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Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Transplanted mucosa of the mouse intestine as model for cell proliferation studies.

Fragments of small intestine were transplanted under the kidney capsule in syngenic mice. Intestinal crypts were observed in 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 30-day-old transplants. Beginning with the 6th day after transplantation the epithelial cysts occur in transplants. The epithelium in transplants can proliferate as judged from the presence of mitotic figures and 3H-thymidine-labeled cells. The distribution of proliferating cells in crypts in transplants differs from that in normal intestine in situ. Transplantation of fragments of small intestine in syngenic animals is suggested as a model for studies on factors regulating cell proliferation in the intestine.

A use of differentiated fibroblasts or a primary fibroblast culture for the in vitro transdifferentiation in adipose, cartilage or bone cells.


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Question: Enhanced citric acid production by a yeast Yarrowia lipolytica over-expressing a pyruvate carboxylase gene

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In this study, after the expression of a pyruvate carboxylase gene (PYC) cloned from Meyerozyma guilliermondii in a marine-derived yeast Yarrowia lipolytica SWJ-1b, a transformant PG86 obtained had much higher PYC activity than Y. lipolytica SWJ-1b. At the same time, the PYC gene expression and citric acid (CA) production by the transformant PG86 were also greatly enhanced. When glucose concentration in the medium was 60.0 g L−1, CA concentration formed by the transformant PG86 was 34.02 g L−1, leading to a CA yield of 0.57 g g−1 of glucose. During a 10-L fed-batch fermentation, the final concentration of CA was 101.0 ± 1.3 g L−1, the yield was 0.89 g g−1 of glucose, the productivity was 0.42 g L−1 h−1 and only 5.93 g L−1 reducing sugar was left in the fermented medium within 240 h of the fed-batch fermentation. HPLC analysis showed that most of the fermentation products were CA.

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Thermomonospora curvata was cultivated on mineral salts medium containing glucose and cellobiose under conditions that increasingly favored the uptake of glucose. In each case cellobiose was utilized in preference to glucose and induced beta-glucosidase and endoglucanase activity. [C]glucose metabolism studies indicated that cellobiose was not cleaved by extracellular beta-glucosidase and transported as glucose. No evidence of cellobiose phosphorylase or a cellobiose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system was observed.


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Question: Naus, Constructing Kingship: The Capetian Monarchs of France and the early Crusades (Manchester University Press, 2016)

Review of James Naus, Constructing Kingship: The Capetian Monarchs of France and the early Crusades (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2016).

Publication details for: Migration and Its Enemies: Global Capital, Migrant Labour and the Nation-State by Robin Cohen, Research in Migration and Ethnic Relations Series. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. 2006. 252 pp.


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Question: Modification and Application of Hyaluronic Acid

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a primary protein polysaccharide which has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, it widely distributes in extracellular matrix of cartilage connective tissue. It can adjust osmosis pressure, flow resistance and selectivity of plasma and matrix protein diffusion, so it can be used for tissue engineering and medical field. But its wonderful water-solubility and degradation rate limits its some application in tissue engineering and medical field. With chemical modification,its mechanical intensity can be improved, its degradation rate can be slowed down in tissue, so its application prospect will be enlarged. HA has functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and N-acetyl,therefore, it can be modified by cross-linking, esterification,graft, molecule modification and composition.

Characterization of Linear Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) and Cloud Points in its Aqueous Solutions


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Question: Surgical Decompression for Pituitary Apoplexy

The dramatic events surrounding pituitary apoplexy are discussed. These include the compression and malfunction of cranial nerves II, II, IV and IV, as well as endocrine issues, prostration and headache. The indications for surgery are described, in particular to highlight the need for stabilisation of the patient before any surgical intervention is even considered. Then the rationale and more particularly the timing of any surgery are described, along with the skill of the operating surgeon. Finally, the techniques for both microscope and endoscopic pituitary surgery are discussed in relation to the different texture and technique alteration required for an apoplectic pituitary adenoma.

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High-Yield Facts Immune System Genetic Disease Neoplasia and Blood Disorders Infectious Disease Cardiovascular Pulmonary Renal-Nephrology Gastroenterology Liver Disease Thyroid and Pituitary Disorders Female and Male Reproductive Tracts Nervous System Bibliography Index


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E.g. given '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Robust State Estimation for Systems with Colored Measurement Noise Based on ARMA Identification']' it should be close to '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'In practical application,the observation systems is influenced by white noise,colored noise and outliers.Till now,most research considered the noise as white noise or colored noise respectively.In the paper,both of them are considered,a new measurement equation is derived by denoting the colored noise with white noise,and Kalman filtering model for systems with white noise and colored noise is presented in order to avoid complicated computation and expansion of the dimension of the filter.Hence,the state estimation can be interpreted into an equivalent ARMA identification problem.The dependency relationship between the parameter selection and input noise in robust SVR is studied using maximum a posteriori estimation.The simulation also shows that based on ARMA identification robust state estimation for systems with unstable and colored measurement noise performs well.']' but not to '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.']'.

Question: A diethylhydroxylaminate based mixed lithium/beryllium aggregate

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A mixed lithium/beryllium diethylhydroxylaminate compound containing (n)butyl beryllium units of total molecular composition Be-n(ONEt2)(2) [(LiONEt2)(2) Bu-n-BeONEt2](2) (1) was isolated from a reaction mixture of nbutyl lithium, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine and BeCl2 in diethylether/thf. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The aggregate is composed of two ladder-type subunits connected in a beryllium-centered distorted tetrahedron of four oxygen atoms. Only the lithium atoms are engaged in coordination with the nitrogen donor atoms. The DFT calculations support the positional occupation determined for Li and Be in the crystal structure. The DFT and the solid-state structure are in excellent agreement, indicating only weak intermolecular interactions in the solid state. Structural details of metal atom coordination are discussed.

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Abstract It was found that N-phenylimine of a-dithiophosphorylace-tophenone in the presence of bases undergoes the isomer-isation into the corresponding thiophosphorylamidovinil-sulphides.


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Question: Internal leakage detection method of fuel injection pump

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The invention discloses an internal leakage detection method of a fuel injection pump. The internal leakage detection method comprises the following steps: an indicating agent is added in a pump cavity of the fuel injection pump; a sensor is used for detecting the concentration change of the indicating agent added in the pump cavity; and the concentration change value detected by the sensor is displayed in real time, and is observed to judge if the internal of the fuel injection pump leaks. The internal leakage detection method can monitor if the internal of the pump cavity of the fuel injection pump leaks in real time, and guarantees the engine test data accuracy and the rack operating ratio.

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An experimental apparatus for measuring engine performance under simulated high altitude, the intake pressure by the analog system, the analog system exhaust pressure, high and low temperature control and a control system for an engine compartment for placing the composition; intake pressure by the intake systems Simulation surge tank, the tank and the low temperature refrigeration units are connected in sequence composition. Simulated exhaust pressure by the exhaust system heat exchanger, the exhaust surge tank, electric exhaust gas control valve, consisting of a water separator and air pump. The laboratory dispersed high altitude natural environmental conditions (pressure, temperature, humidity) concentrated in the laboratory simulation, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the engine at high altitude environmental test.


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Question: A concept of biological aging: The role of compensatory processes

Abstract Biological aging may be defined as the gradual deterioration of form and function following the termination of growth and differentiation. It is suggested here that the time in the life of an organism at which deleterious signs of age begin to be manifest and the rate at which they accumulate are determined by natural processes which tend to compensate for age-related deterioration in biological function. Compensatory function of this type is proposed for a number of cellular processes and the ways by which these processes may fulfill compensatory roles are discussed.

4084 Backgroud: The growth of tumor depends on the degree of imbalance between cell production and cell loss. Knowledge of such biological difference is of importance to understand aggressiveness o...


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Question: Influence of seed-borne fungi on the nutrient composition and growth of conifer seedlings

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Seed- borne fungi induce conspicuous changes in the concentrations of various nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Mn), thus affecting the growth in height and biomass of seedlings of Picea glauca and Pinus strobus. The data indicate that the changes may be caused by interference in the physiology of the infected seeds and seedlings. The response of the change in the nutrient levels and total height growth towards the pre-chilling treatment of the seeds was not consistent to indicate any trend

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Comparative effects of untreated olive mill wastewater (UOMW), treated olive mill wastewater (TOMW) and bioaugmented olive mill wastewater (BOMW) on soil properties, on seeds germination and on plants growth were investigated.


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Question: Spatiotemporal analysis of EMG signals for muscle rehabilitation monitoring system

This study proposes spatiotemporal EMG signal analysis for muscle rehabilitation monitoring system. Through this monitoring system, users - both patient and therapist - can check one's status: muscle intensity, muscle fatigue, exercise posture, speed and number of movement. We performed three remedial exercises - SLR, SLR(P), and LE - to analyze the EMG signal. In addition, exercises with inappropriate postures and various joint angles also carried out. As a result, clearly different EMG features were extracted for every condition.

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This chapter reviews the physiology of the cardiovascular system in order to understand its main mechanisms and parameters, which are of interest in this work. This chapter also describes other researchers’ approaches to developing cardiovascular system models as well as three simulation examples, namely (a) a cardiovascular simulator (“CVSim”), (b) a software tool for analysing breathing-related errors in transthoracic electrical bio-impedance spectroscopy measurements, and (c) simulation of lung edema in impedance cardiography.


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Question: Biological method to quantify progressive stages of decay in five commercial woods by Coriolus versicolor.

Biologic agar-block method was developed that allowed wood samples to be evaluated and monitored in terms of colonization and development of the decay by Basidiomycetes fungi (Coriolus versicolor) and to be directly classified based on mean mass loss. In this research, the in vitro decay of five commercial woods by Coriolus versicolor was studied by the agar-block method. The selected wood samples were Abies alba, Populus alba, Fagus orientalis, Platanus orientalis and Ulmus glabra. The results demonstrated the strong resistance of Ulmus glabra and the lowest resistance in Fagus orientalis. The mass losses (%) were 16.8 and 42.4%, respectively. There were also a high correlation between the mass loss and apparent damage. Therefore biological evaluation of wood regarding biodegradation and the selection of wood types for various application respects will be of high priority.

Pieces of propylene oxide fumigated banana leaves, and detached roots of Musa balbisiana, were used as substrates to study the colonizing ability of F. oxysporum f. cubense clone C in competition w...


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Question: Moderate state-anxiety differently modulates visual and auditory response times in normal- and very low trait-anxiety subjects

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Because relationships between mood states, personality and motor performances remain ambiguous, we investigated in very low trait-anxiety (VLTA) and normal trait-anxiety (NTA) subjects, the effects of moderate state-anxiety, tension and fatigue induced by the video-recorded Stroop Color-Word Interference Test on reaction time and movement time in visual and auditory tasks. Our results show that visual response time performances were improved in NTA subjects, while auditory response time performances were improved in VLTA subjects. In both groups, improvement of performance occurred at the reaction time and movement time level. Our results show that allocation of attentional resources can be modulated by personality traits, such as trait-anxiety, and furthermore highlight personality and individual differences as regards to the human/environment interaction.

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This thesis demonstrated that when participants performed two tasks concurrently, the activity of inhibitory neurons in the brain was increased in younger adults, yet decreased in older adults. In addition, our results indicated that dual-task performance in older adults may depend on the activation of prefrontal to motor cortex pathways.


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Question: The Behaviour of Cultures of Leishmania tropica, L. infantum, and L. braziliense in the Sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasii

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The Behaviour of Cultures of Leishmania tropica, L. infantum , and L. braziliense in the Sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasii

Cymodusopsis townesorum sp.nov. and C . nigricincta novomexicana ssp.nov. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are described from the Nearctic region.


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Question: Composite Colour Categories and the Evolution of Systems of Colour Naming

So far I have stayed away from Berlin and Kay’s evolutionary claims. This is in part because the regularities and generalizations that have been discussed are independent of the evolutionary views and in part because Berlin and Kay’s own evolutionary claims are problematic. A number of writers (including Berlin and Kay) have emended the evolutionary ordering and the emended versions are much weaker than the original. But the strength or weakness of the evolutionary order is not the only issue. As we shall see, the claim that specific named colour categories are universal is suspect because of the nature of the emendations.

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Foreword. 1. Introduction. 2. The Psychology of Concepts and Concept Formation. 3. Concept Representation in a Paraconsistent Logic with Higher-Order Elements. 4. Knowledge Revision as a Concept Formation Context. 5. Demand-Driven Concept Formation. 6. Embeddedness. 7. Conclusion. A. MOBAL Software Info Page. B. Glossary of Symbols. References. Index.


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Question: Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energies—Electrolyzer Technologies

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Water electrolysis represents one of the simplest approaches to produce hydrogen and oxygen in a zero-pollution process by using electricity for the electrochemical decomposition of water. Three main technologies can be distinguished according to the electrolyte used in the electrolysis cell: alkaline electrolysis with a liquid electrolyte, proton exchange membrane electrolysis with an acidic ionomer, and high-temperature steam electrolysis with a solid oxide as the electrolyte. In this chapter a general overview of these three technologies and their main characteristics are given. Choice of materials, cell concepts, and system layouts will be introduced and discussed. Drawbacks and advantages in terms of coupling with renewable energy sources will be considered for each technology. Finally, an overview of manufactures and cost issues are presented.

Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.


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Question: Physico-chemical studies on the interaction of transition metal ions with schiff bases—I: Polarographic study of the copper(II) complex of N-salicylidene glycine

Abstract The interaction of copper(II) with salicylidene glycine schiff-base has been studied polarographically and the composition of the complex in methanol and aqueous media has been established. The polarographic reduction of the complex is found to be diffusion controlled but irreversible in nature.

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Abstract Monoformyl-tris-( p -Bu t )calix[4]arene was synthesised and reacted in smooth conditions with phosphonium salts of 6-bromomethyl-6′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine and 2-chloromethyl-pyridine, affording the corresponding conjugated mono-armed macrocycles.