Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: More business as usual? Explaining business bias across issues and institutions in the European Union

Business interest groups numerically dominate the European Union (EU) interest group communities. However, scholars note that the relative proportion of business interests varies by either the institutional venue or the policy issue. Exchange-theoretical approaches emphasize the distinct informational needs of policy-makers at different venues, hereby favoring business actors to a varying degree. Other scholars emphasize the importance of conflict and argue that containment or expansion of conflict on concrete policy issues shapes the relative presence of business interest representatives. We simultaneously test both hypotheses comparing interest group activities on seventy issues observed in the European Parliament, the European Commission and in the EU media. We find little differences between the EU venues in terms of the interests represented. Rather, the salience and scope of issues seem more important denominators for variation in business lobby activity.

Following the institutionalist framework, this paper analyses the way institutional changes affect the representations and strategies of the actors involved in biodiversity conservation. We conduct...


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Question: Energy Conservation and Waste Recycling: Taking Advantage of Urban Congestion.

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“The nation's cities have grown in an unsystematic, piecemeal, uncoordinated way, and have not usually been able to take advantage of large size and large volumes to achieve economies of scale…. If our central cities are to survive… it will be necessary to develop systematic approaches for exploiting urban concentration and its inherent advantages.” Eugene Kramer, an urban planner, suggests here ways that this can be done in the areas of energy conservation and waste recycling. This article was adapted by the author from a paper presented to the 1972 annual conference of American Institute of Planners.

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Seoul: An Emerging International City. Population and Economic Growth in Seoul and Seoul Metropolitan Region. Urban Land Use and Transportation. Housing, Urban Growth, and Urban Redevelopment. City Planning, Administration, and Finance. Urban Form. Conclusions: What Challenges Lie Ahead? References. Further Reading. Index.


Question: Signatures and Consequences of the Substrate Corrugation

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Information on the amplitudes of the spatially periodic terms in the adatom substrate potential energy is reviewed for a series of adsorbates on graphite. The use of data for the structure and dynamics of the ordered adlayer is discussed. Generalizing interaction models to reflect the anisotropic polarizability of the substrate may account for the results for adsorbed inert gases, but does not appear to be sufficient to treat molecular adsorbates.

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Summaries of research accomplished are given for the following areas: Morphological (Diffusional) Stability; A New Algorithm for Numerical Modeling of Non-equilibrium Materials Behavior; A Unified Treatment of Single and Microcrystalline Film Edge Instabilities; and Validation of the Structure Based Grain Boundary Diffusion/Migration Model.


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Question: Description Logics in Data Management

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Description logics and reasoners, which are descendants of the KL-ONE language, have been studied in depth in artificial intelligence. After a brief introduction, we survey their application to the problems of information management, using the framework of an abstract information server equipped with several operations-each involving one or more languages. Specifically, we indicate how one can achieve enhanced access to data and knowledge by using descriptions in languages for schema design and integration, queries, answers, updates, rules, and constraints. >

The Brazilian Curriculum Guide Specialized Bibliography, Series II. Jon M. Tolman, General Editor


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Question: Discussion on experiment teaching reform and cultivation of innovative talents of botany in universities

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The existing problems in teaching of botany experiment were analyzed.Methods on experiment teaching reform from the experiment teaching mode,the teaching contents and methods,the ways of experiment management were suggested.And the way of cultivation of innovative talents are discussed.

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Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The cross-linked, ladderlike structure of cured pyrrones is not susceptible to forming at ordinary temperatures and pressures. At unusually high processing temperatures, of the order of 500°C, these intractable materials are observed to undergo transient flow sufficient to allow molding of the material. This observation, supported by analytical information, suggests that the flow occurs because of the breakage of covalent organic bonds and subsequent structural rearrangement of the cross-linked polymer network. This is in accord with a number of isolated reports of the pyrolytic behavior of several polymers.']" Match: "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about:', 'High‐temperature molding of pyrrones']"

It is urgent to reform and adjust the contemporary correspondence P.E. specialty system to seek for developing ways of sustainable correspondence education. This paper investigated the correspondence P.E. specialty in Central China Normal University.


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Question: Disseminated intravascular coagulation.

The diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with intracranial pathology is discussed. This pathological entity is characterized by a diffuse bleeding diathesis. Laboratory studies suggest a consumption of all clotting and fibrinolytic factors with an elevation of fibrin split products as a sign of the fibrinolytic activity. The treatment consists of the administration of packed platelets and fresh frozen plasma to replace the consumed coagulation factors. Heparinization is recommended early to prevent further consumption of coagulation factors and epsilon-aminocaproic acid is recommended later after acute fibrinolysis is diagnosed. Constant coaguloanalytic monitoring is necessary. Although the etiology with massive injury to brain tissue is possibly secondary to autotransfusion of brain tissue thromboplastin, other causes such as hypotension, anoxia, acidosis and hemolysis must be considered.

Described here is an autopsy case of a 30-year-old woman with systemic hemangiomatosis accompanied by coagulopathy and mlcroanpiopathfc hemoly-tic anemia. She had hepato-splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplaetin time, and fibrinogenopenia. A splenectomy was performed and a diffuse angioma of the spleen was found. Postmortem examination revealed cavernous hemanguomas and hemangioendotheliomatous lesions in the liver, bone marrow, inteetine, and lymph nodes. Coagulation studies suggested that exacerbation of coagulopathy occurred due to Liniac (10MV X-ray) irradiation. Our observation raised the possibility that the irradiation might lead to chronic localized consumption coagulopathy, which was confined to the hemangioma, to acute disseminated types of intravascular coagulation.


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Question: [Hair cell regeneration and recovery following gentamicin induced damage in the chick cochlea].

Two-day old chicks were given gentamicin (GM) and kanamycin (KM) for 10 days and then the cochleas were processed for both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy on the same day and in 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks following the last injection to examine hair cells regeneration and recovery. The result showed that hair cell loss was up to 40% in the base of the basilar papilla following GM and KM administration. One week after injection, however, most of the damaged region was replaced with regenerated hair cells. Three to four weeks later, the regenerated hair cells were developed into normal sensory hair cells. This experiment demonstrated that the hair cells in the chick cochlea were able to regenerate and recover following GM and KM induced damage.

Although low dose intratympanal gentamicin has empirically been very effective in treating Meniere's disease, the mechanisms of elimination or amelioration of vertigo are still insufficiently understood. Most animal studies investigating the effect of aminoglycosides used high doses that damage or kill hair cells and many other cell types of the inner ear. Additional studies are needed to investigate the effects of low dose gentamicin to elucidate the mechanisms affecting vertigo. In this article it will be explained how disturbances of endolymph homeostasis lead to endolymphatic hydrops and finally to leakage of K(+) from the endolymph into the perilymphatic space. This can lead to a non-physiological activation of vestibular nerve fibres thus causing vertigo.


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Question: Selective conversion of methane to synthesis gas: Catalysts based on electrochemically modified nickel foam

Highly thermoconductive, active and selective catalysts based on commercial nickel foam for partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane have been designed. The developed catalysts have been synthesized by subjecting the nickel foam to electrochemical treatment providing the formation of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, or cobalt oxide or hydroxide particles on the surface of the material. The catalysts provide the production of synthesis gas with a nearly 100% selectivity and a methane conversion of up to 98–100%.

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Structurally ordered Pt3Ti or Pt3V intermetallic nanoparticle catalysts with ultrasmall particle sizes have never been successfully synthesized. Herein, we present a KCl-nanoparticle method to successfully provide such compounds. These two catalysts show enhanced catalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation compared to pure Pt.


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Question: Guidance Trajectory Simulation of the Three Points Method of Antitank Missile

Guidance law is the rule that missile centroid motion follows,that determines space moving trace of trajectory centroid.In missile guidance system,function of guidance law is that it determines trajectory of missile flying and attacking target in kinematics.How appropriate guidance method is taken to improve performance of missile guidance and precision of the missile hitting are cared still.Guidance Trajectory of the three points method is studied.Parameters that effect guidance Trajectory are analyzed.Merits and demerits of the three points method are summarized.And subjects are taken.

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This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Case Analysis on Cleaner Production of Fuan Cacoon & Silk Company

Through the case of Fuan Cacoon Silk Company,the paper summarized the importance of cleaner production audit in increasing economic benefits,reducing production cost,improving production quality and reducing pollution emission.

Proc. Xth IS on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and ::: Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems ::: Ed.: K. Theron


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Question: Chromatography: Atomic spectroscopy combinations. Applications to metal species identification and determination

Potential applications of flameless atomic absorption high-pressure liquid chromatograph are diverse, dependent upon solid phase materials and eluents, sample types, and separation conditions. Quantitative characterization of the stability constants, kinetics of dissociation of metal complexes and complexation of natural waters appear possible in toxicity and biological uptake studies.

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A review with 33 references is given on the application of liquid chromatography in pesticide residues analysis of environmental water in the last 15 years including the on-line and off-line pre concentration procedures of the samples,the liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detectors and other detectors.The prospects of liquid chromatography are mentioned.


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Question: Multidimensionality inPoverty: Spatial and Gender analyses for Porto Alegre, Rio Grande doSul

This paper aims to emphasize the importance of different dimensions in poverty studies in Porto Alegre and, to identify spatial and gender disparities among its regions. The paper was based in a dataset from a survey conduced during 2007 by a partnership among two Universities and the Municipal Administration of Porto Alegre and sponsored by REDE URB-AL. In a two stages methodology, 16386 people living in poverty condition were interviewed. The results allow the researchers to highlight the importance of dimensions such as habitation, health, education to allow people have a “dignifying live”. It is also possible to conclude that the deprivations between women and man and those differences are heterogeneous also among Porto Alegre Regions. Such results show more clearly the actual conditions of the population living in poverty.

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1. River basin management at the lowest appropriate level: When and why does it (not) work in pracitave? - 2. Comparative analysis of case studies.- 3. Determinants of river basin management decentralization: Motivation, process, and performance.- 4. Australia: Murray-Darling basin.- 5. Brazil: Alton Tiete basin.- 6. Brazil: Jaguaribe basin.- 7. Canada: Fraser basin.- 8. Costa Rica: Tarcoles basin.- 9. Indonesia: Brantas basin.- 10. Poland: Warta basin.- 11. Spain: Guadalquivir basin.- 12. River basin management: Conclusions and implications.


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Question: Inelastic buckling of reinforcing bars

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A special beam‐column element is developed for the finite element inelastic buckling analysis of reinforcing bars in concrete columns. The material considered is elastic‐plastic‐strain hardening. A strain reversal rule is also included to model the unloading from compression once buckling occurs. The element is used to trace the post‐buckling load‐deflection path of a reinforcing bar supported laterally by sufficiently stiff ties of the column and initially loaded axially to the yielding load. The post‐buckling load‐deflection path depends on the slenderness ratio of the bar. For a very small slenderness ratio, an interesting [straightening] phenomenon is present after the buckling at the yielding load, followed by a second buckling at a higher load. For a larger slenderness ratio, the post‐buckling load carrying capacity may or may not exceed the yielding load. A critical slenderness ratio is found by equating the maximum load to the yielding load.

Abstract This paper illustrates on two examples of practical significance the usefulness of the crack kinking analysis pioneered by Sia Nemat-Nasser and his colleagues. The first example deals with the calculation of the pull-out force of axisymmetric headed anchors embedded deep in concrete blocks and the second with the interaction between the crack deflection and phase transformation mechanisms of toughening in ceramics containing dispersed tetragonal zirconia precipitates.


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Question: The Ecology of Six Species of Littoral Gastropods. I. Associations between Species and Associations with Wave Action

The abundances and distributions of the molluscs Austrocochlea constricta, Bembicium nanum, Cellana tramoserica, Melanerita melanotragus, Montfortula conoidea, and Morula marginalba were studied on three marine, tidal, rock platforms, which varied in their degree of exposure to the action of ocean waves. The abundances and distributions of A. constricta, B. nanum, C, tramoserica, Mn. conoidea, and Mr. Marginalba were associated with wave action, but this was not the case with MI. melanotragus. The distribution of Hormosira banksii affected the distribution of A. constricta and the distribution of B. nanum was affected by other undetermined, environmental factors. The results of this investigation are discussed in relation to present and future studies on the abundances and distributions of these six species of molluscs.

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Biotic Interactions in Soil as Drivers of Ecosystem Properties 3. Plant Community Influences on the Soil Community and Plant-Soil Feedbacks 4. Ecosystem Level Significance of Aboveground Consumers 5. Aboveground and Belowground Consequences of Species Losses and Gains 6. Underlying Themes and Ways Forward References Index


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Question: Failure Analysis on Safety Valve Jointing Weld of Power Utility Boiler

The failure of hot pipe of power utility boiler arises frequently from the cracking of safety valve jointing weld.The property and stress were measured for the safety valve jointing weld of a power plant in Tianjin.The results reveal that the cracking of safety valve weld arises primarily from an instantaneous dynamic stress resulting from the moving of safety valve,and the application of hydraulic damper may prevent the safety valve from cracking.


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Question: The Copper of the Kyffhäuser Monument

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Abstract The connection between copper and art goes way back. For thousands of years, the ductile metal has been worked in cold state via hammer and punch to make jewelry, vessels or monuments. More recent examples are the Statue of Liberty in New York, the Quadriga in Berlin and the equestrian statue of Emperor William I at the Kyffhauser. During the recently completed renovation of the Kyffhauser monument it was possible to perform a scientific examination on the copper of the equestrian statue. The examinations showed that the material is multiphase due to the content of oxygen and lead. With regard to the mechanical properties, the impurity phases are only of little importance. Details of the microstructure with a spatially coherent order of impurity phases, however, have never been observed in this way. The formation of the microstructure is discussed taking into account the particular circumstances of the artistic shaping via repousse and chasing.

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Introduction: One Is the Lonelist Number The Civic Catechism Agoraphobia The Rite Stuff The Bawdy Politic Selected Bibliography Index


Question: Bithorax phenocopy and pattern formation. II. A model of prepattern formation.

Phenocopy maps are constructed from the spatial pattern of the phenocopy spots using a distance function defined on the frequencies with which two compartments transform separately and jointly. The temporal changes in distances between different compartments in turn enable us to make inferences concerning the diffusion-like processes involved in prepattern formation of the metathorax. A model is presented which accounts for the data in terms of the propagation of two wavefronts in sequence and in approximately orthogonal directions. Sensitivity to transformation by ether is limited in time to the interval between the passing of the two wavefronts. Changes caused by 13 successive generations of ether treatment can be interpreted in terms of alterations in the timing and rates of wave propagation. A comparison of phenocopy and fate maps suggests that the prepatterning processes affect primarily the blastoderm cytoplasm or surface membrane.

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For instance, <<['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title!', 'The invention relates to a preparation method of a hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection. In the preparation method, a deep filtration technique and a microporous filtration technique are combined, thereby effectively removing various particles, endotoxin and other harmful substances, and reducing the biological load before sterilization; and the preparation method is suitable forindustrial large-scale production.']>>  to "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Preparation method of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection']"

We have used the hunchback (hb) gap-gene promoter to drive ectopic expression of the pair-rule genes fushi tarazu (ftz), even-skipped (eve) and hairy (h). Unexpectedly, flies transformed with such constructs are viable, despite spatial and temporal mis-regulation of pair-rule expression caused by the fusion genes. We show that fusion gene expression is transcriptionally regulated, such that ectopic expression is suppressed when pattern is established, and present evidence indicating that interstripe hb-ftz expression is repressed by eve. These results are considered in terms of redundant control of pair-rule gene striping. We also discuss the potential dangers of using mis-regulated gene expression to analyse normal function.


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Question: Scalable management of storage for massive quality-adjustable sensor data

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The quality-adjustable nature of sensor data and gradually decreasing access pattern foster a new data archiving scheme that can cope with rapidly increasing data generation rates by sensors. We propose a scalable quality management of massive sensor data, which handles less frequent data access through discarding supplementary layers as time elapses for efficient usage of storage space. The efficacy of our scheme is shown by its capability to offer multiple fidelity levels compactly utilizing spatio-temporal correlation, without compromising key features of sensor data. In order to store a huge amount of data from various sensor types efficiently, we also study the optimal storage configuration strategy using analytical models that can capture characteristics of our scheme. This strategy helps storing sensor data blocks while minimizing total distortion under a given total rate budget.

Many existing video services are based on transferring the data stream from a video capture device to some powerful data processing center (e.g., cloud-based). In this paper, we consider video services constructed in an edge-centric Internet of Things (IoT) environment. Several edge video capture devices are available. Each data stream is subject to local processing for event detection. Complex events can be also locally detected based on the observed context situation in the IoT environment, forming the semantics for video-analytics. We present a concept model of an edge-centric service-oriented system and its event-driven model for local video data processing. In our demo implementation, we consider a video service of personnel recognition around a production equipment unit, which is used in digital monitoring the smart manufacturing process.


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Question: Development and Problems of Insurer Accounting when Passing from Varied Practices to Generally Accepted Principles

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The objects of the research in this study are the stages of development of insurer accounting, connected problems and possibilities of achieving of comparable and reliable accounting information. The existing traditions and imposed practices in insurer accounting have been studied, including the influence of Directives of European Union. The applied approaches, harmonization and standardization in accounting practices and their impact on development of insurer accounting and its legal framework have been analyzed. The effective International Financial Reporting Standard 4 Insurance Contracts (effective date 01.01.2005) is presented as realization of the first stage of harmonization of insurer accounting and as an expression of contemporary processes of convergention and globalization in the sphere of accounting.

Introduction Problems and Prospects of Preventing Conflict of Interest in Local Governments in the CEE Countries Chapter 1 The Bulgarian Experience with Building a Framework for the Prevention of Conflict of Interest Situations in Local Governments Chapter 2 The Progress of Regulation of Conflict of Interest in Local Government in Latvia Chapter 3 Difficulties with Implementation of Conflict of Interest Regulation in Polish Local Government Chapter 4 New Ways of Managing Conflict of Interest Problems in Romania Chapter 5 Conflict of Interest in Russian Local Government: Challenges for New Legislation Chapter 6 Waiting for a Conflict of Interest Constitutional Law in Slovakia Index


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Question: Illumination detection device for CCD camera

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To develop a convenient illumination detection device with a wide dynamic range,a simple configuration,an automatic light adjustment function and a uniform light radiation distribution,this paper presents a new illumination detection device for CCD camera based on analyzing the structure and light source used by the traditional illumination testing method.This new equipment uses a curved surface reflector lamp cup with an inner-fixed lamp light source,and it is automatically controlled by a single chip processor.We introduce the research work,such as the light source design,illumination detector design,control circuit design and experiment results.The new type illumination detection device for CCD camera realizes the functions such as uniform radiation and automatic light adjustment,its detection range is from 1.0×10-1 lx to 1.0×105 lx for diversified CCD camera.

The present patent application provides at least one identified by a finger touch on the touch panel and the touch position is determined by analyzing changes in electrode capacitance touchpad method. The change in capacitance is represented by at least one array. The present application also provides a digital signal processing unit and a touch panel implementing the method.


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Question: A Research Method and its Realization of Machine Tool Ergonomic Design

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"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The deep femoral artery is the major branch of the femoral artery. Its branches and branching show various variations. For this reason, an extensive knowledge about the anatomy of the deep femoral artery is indeed important in vascular reconstructive surgery involving the groin. In this investigation, a case with variations of the deep femoral artery origin and branching has been presented. The case was a 45-year old male cadaver and the arterial variation was noted during routine dissection. The right and left origins of the deep femoral artery varied. When the midpoint of the inguinal ligament was taken as a reference, the right artery originated at 5.58 cm and the left artery at 2.22 cm. In the left, the ascending branch and transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery originated. At a joint root and the descending branch originated directly at the deep femoral artery. Also in the left, it was observed that there were eight perforating arteries.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'The deep femoral artery and branching variations: a case report Arteria profunda femoris ve dallarinin varyasyonu: olgu sunumu']"

A design thought based on ergonomics constraint is introduced to machine tool operating components design in this paper, and a design method of machine tool operating components is researched and provided which is realized by applying database technology and Secondary development technology based a '3D entity parameterized modeling software system platform. This method tests and verifies instrumentalizing the knowledge about industrial design and ergonomics.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Endobronchial carcinoid: an unusual cause of wheezing and chest pain

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A 73-year-old man presented to the authors' clinic with profuse rectal bleeding, defaecatory urgency and symptomatic anaemia. He had been treated for prostatic adenocarcinoma 12 months previously, with neoadjuvant hormones and radiotherapy (total dose of 60 Gy). Chronic radiation proctitis was confirmed endoscopically and histologically in the absence of any other left-sided colonic pathology. His initial medical management with sucralfate enemas and oral metronidazole failed. However, he withheld consent for further topical or endoscopic treatment despite continued symptomatic deterioration and transfusion dependency, presenting a therapeutic impasse. Oral thalidomide (75 mg/day) was started and he made an excellent symptomatic response and became transfusion independent. However, 23 days after starting thalidomide peripheral neuropathy ensued, a well documented side effect (Mileshkin and Prince, 2006), which resolved rapidly following its discontinuation. His symptoms and anaemia rapidly re-emerged and ...

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Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a rare disease of unknown etiology that is seen almost exclusively in women of childbearing age, generally presents with features of pulmonary involvement. It may be associated with tuberous sclerosis. Its clinical pulmonary manifestations vary from simple cough to the development of recurrent pneumothorax, hemoptysis, and even complicated pleural effusions. Progressive dyspnea develops as the disease evolves. Most patients eventually require lung transplant. This wide array of symptoms and signs makes the differential diagnosis extensive, and the clinician must be familiar with this disorder to arrive promptly to the correct diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 35-year-old woman with a history of pleuritic effusion with associated dyspnea before being diagnosed with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. A review of the literature pertinent to this case is also provided.


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Question: Crushing analysis and multi-objective optimization of different length bi-thin walled cylindrical structures under axial impact loading

ABSTRACTThis article attempts to increase the crashworthiness characteristics of energy absorbers. It is found that the effect of the bi-tubular arrangement on the energy absorption and peak force ...

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"['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Several papers have noted and sought to explain the paradox of minimum wage law compliance. Compliance rates are high even though the penalty for violating the law is allegedly less than the underpayment to workers. By comparison, we show that the actual penalty exceeds the underpayment. We combine our estimates of the costs of violating the law with estimates of the probability of apprehension to arrive at the expected cost of violating the law. In contrast with previous work, we find that the expected costs are sufficiently high to make compliance rational.']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'The Expected Penalty for Committing a Crime: An Analysis of Minimum Wage Violations']"

Welded hollow spherical joint is an extremely widely used connection pattern in space lattice structures. Understanding the behavior of the welded hollow spherical joint after elevated-temperature ...


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Question: The mechanism of the deposition of manganese dioxide: Part III. Rotating ring-disc studies

Abstract The effect of ferrous ions on the current-time behaviour of an electrode during the deposition of manganese dioxide from acidic manganese sulphate electrolytes has been measured by the use of rotating ring-disc electrodes. Analysis of the ring and the disc currents revealed that the deposit can be reductively corroded by ferrous ions at electrode potentials that appear to be sufficiently positive to afford anodic protection to the manganese deposit. The results provide further support for a model described earlier for the deposition of manganese dioxide.

A novel sample chamber has been developed for the study of chemical reactions involving air sensitive samples using energy‐dispersive powder diffraction. The apparatus consists of a reaction vessel, automatic reactant dispensing system, heating jacket, stirrer, and gas purge system. The use of this apparatus is illustrated with data collected on station 9.7 of the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source during a study on the intercalation of cobaltocene into tin disulfide.


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Question: Data and forward error control coding techniques for digital signals

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The data code word sequence encoding a plurality of digital signals or bits having improved signal characteristics, ie a defined maximum run length and limited cumulative DC-offset of the encoder. Then, before the encoder error control ( "FEC") code to encode data codewords, so as to constitute a plurality of data code blocks FEC codewords. Preferably FEC code block is constructed by generating and their number is equal to the block data codewords check or FEC bits, then -FEC bit and its complement with each data codeword so that one FEC juxtaposed position and its complement involvement interposed between each successive codeword. Further, the complementary FEC FEC code block to obtain proper framing in a receiver prior to decoding.

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The significant role of motion compensation technology was stated in this paper for which to be used in the sequence images or real time video signal coding.A main calculation method was presented.Moreover the use was introduced in HDTV.[


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Question: High resolution 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy of 'mixed linkage' xylans.

Three xylan fractions, obtained by stepwise precipitation with ethanol, were analysed by 75-MHz 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Diad frequencies, determined from the C-2 resonances, show that the (1----3)-linkages are interspersed throughout the chain rather than grouped contiguously. This type of distribution is in agreement with a random coil conformation and with the constancy of the optical rotation in solvents of different ionic strength and chaotropic power. These diad frequencies were compared with the theoretical values calculated for a random distribution from the ratio of (1----4)-:(1----3)-linkages in the 1H-n.m.r. spectra, and from the methylation analysis for one of the fractions.

Feeding experiments with sodium [1-13C, 18O2]acetate and [2-13C,15N]glycine, as well as fermentation of Streptomyces parvulus(strain Tu 64) in an atmosphere containing 18O2, produced labelled manumycin (1) samples, whose n.m.r. analysis provided information about the biosynthetic origins of the hetroatoms in this antibiotic.


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Question: Optimal electron irradiation as a tool for functionalization of MoS2: Theoretical and experimental investigation

We demonstrate the utility of electron irradiation as a tool to enhance device functionality of graphene-analogous MoS2. With the help of first-principles based calculations, vacancy-induced changes of various electronic properties are shown to be a combined result of crystal-field modification and spin-orbital coupling. A comparative theoretical study of various possible vacancy configurations both in bulk and monolayer MoS2 and related changes in their respective band-structures help us to explain plausible irradiation induced effects. Experimentally, various structural forms of MoS2 in bulk, few layered flakes, and nanocrystals are observed to exhibit important modification of their magnetic, transport, and vibrational properties, following low doses of electron irradiation. While irradiated single crystals and nanocrystals show an enhanced magnetization, transport properties of few-layered devices show a significant increase in their conductivity, which can be very useful for fabrication of electronic...

The presence of one-dimensional MEL intergrowths in two-dimensional MDI zeolite nanosheets, inferred from experimental and theoretical analysis, allows for world-beating xylene separation performance.


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Question: A Method for Automatic Identification of Dots on Films

The image quality of films taken by high-speed cameras is affected by shooting,developing and storing status. Recognization of matrix dots on poor quality films using traditional threshold method brings dots misread. In this paper, we present a concise method for automatic dot recogniaztion of dots on poor quality films.By using contrast and space criterions,and discussing parameters relative to them,the accuracy of dot recognization is increased.With this method,the frame recognition error rate is better than 1/1000。

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title Examples:

"['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'An apparatus for remedying the light urinary incontinence in women, characterized in that it is constituted by a substantially rigid removable body and free of sharp angles and can be inserted manually into the vaginal cavity and maintained under the bladder so as to support the latter as well as the urethra through the anterior vaginal wall and to oppose the ptosis of the bladder neck.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Device for addressing mild urinary incontinence in women.']"

Introduction Overview, R.R. Hoffman and A.B. Markman Angels of Regard: Psychology Meets Technology in the Perception and Interpretation of Non-literal Imagery, R.R. Hoffman and A.B. Markman The Communication of Topographic Perspectives and Forms Human Factors in the Interpretation of Physiology by Symbolic and Numerical Representations within an Expert System, D.P. Argialas and G. Ch. Miliaresis Scenes into Numbers: Facing the Subjective in Landform Quantification, R.J. Pike Seeing the Invisible On the Psychophysics of Night Vision Goggles, W.R. Uttal and R.W. Gibb Human Perception of Sensor-Fused Imagery, E.A. Essock Seeing the Dynamics Components of Expertise in the Perception and Interpretation of Meteorlogical Charts, R.L. Lowe The Role of Remote Sensing Displays in Planetary Atmospheric Research, A.D. Del Genio The Skilled Interpretation of Weather Satellite Images: Learning to See Patterns and Not Just Cues, H.M. Mogil


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Question: The comparison of stress and internal force reinforcement of high-rise conversion beam elasticity

Combining with an engineering practice,the whole stress analysis and stress reinforcement were calculated to conversion beam using stress reinforcement method.By analyzing and comparing the common ground and difference of stress and internal force reinforcement,it can be concluded that stress reinforcement is reasonable and practice.

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Bearing capabilities of reinforcement concrete supports are concerned with sectional strength and structural features of members. According to post-pouring supports, researchers must study influence of binding surface of old and new concrete at joints on stress of supports. In this article, authors adopted a structural test method to discuss stress features of members of post-pouring reinforcement concrete supports with caulking groove joints.=


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Question: Evaluating the practical performance of absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) in higher-order, finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) GPR modelling

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Finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) methods are now commonly used for the integrated forward modelling of practical GPR in a wide range of processing, inversion and analysis applications. The wide availability of high-performance computing resources has led to the development of sophisticated, higher-order, 3D models that are able to tackle real-world problems in practical time scales. However, these models are often truncated by computationally inefficient and/or poorly optimised outer absorbing boundary conditions (ABC). In this paper, we evaluate the practical performance of two of the most common techniques; (a) Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) and (b) wave matching boundaries (e.g., Higdon). We show that under certain 3D conditions, the computationally faster, wave matching boundaries can perform as well as the PML techniques and reduce the likelihood of unexpected internal reflections/errors occurring.

The stirring of molten metals by means of electromagnetic fields is a successful novel technology that has the potential to increase the quality of metal and alloy products by degasification of the melts, improving their homogeneity and preventing the formation of dendritic crystals during solidification. This paper presents a numerical model of this process based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations endowed by appropriate free-surface boundary conditions. The equations are discretized by the second-order semi-implicit Oseen-Crank-Nicolson scheme on fully-staggered finite difference grids. The electromagnetic (Lorentz) forcing term is determined from the Maxwell equations. Various properties of the model and numerical scheme are discussed, and numerical examples are presented.


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Question: Distributed winner determination protocol for reverse auction-based task allocation in pervasive computing

Reverse Auction is one of the best-known market-based mechanisms for allocation of delay-constrained tasks to distributed sensor nodes in wireless sensor network as a typical application in pervasive computing. However, costly message exchanges with enormous overheads among resource-constrained sensor nodes for decision making are required. In this paper, a novel energy/delay-efficient distributed message exchange protocol for winner determination in reverse auction-based task allocation is proposed. The main objective of this protocol is the reduction in the overhead, delay and energy consumption in message exchanges for determining the winning bidder. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can achieve superior performance compared with static and online adaptive scheduling schemes with centralized message exchanges.

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A smart space is typically composed of heterogeneous networks of communicating and collaborating nodes with various resource capacities, e.g. in terms of processing power, memory and energy. The recent developments in wireless communication technology and miniaturization of hardware have made Low Capacity Network (LCN) such as wireless sensor and actuator networks an important element of smart spaces. However, resource and service management in LCNs is still a challenge that can facilitate interoperability with resource-rich nodes of a smart space. We propose and implement an architecture for lightweight resource and service management in LCNs. Furthermore, we present a validation of the proposed architecture through a performance analysis comparison with existing interoperability architecture.


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Question: Gertrude and Elizabeth: Letters, Lives and Fictions

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This paper was first given as the Dorothy Green lecture at the Conference of the Association for the Study of Australian Literature at James Cook University, Cairns, in July 2002. That ASAL has chosen to honour the work of a woman whose achievements, both academic and creative, were not, perhaps, in her lifetime given the institutionalized, public recognition they warranted is significant, and has a bearing on the topic of this paper. It draws on epistolary theory, and theories of epistolary fiction, of women’s letter writing, of autobiography and autobiographical memory. Concerned as it is with women’s letters, lives and fictions––specifically Elizabeth Jolley’s Georges’ Wife trilogy —it became a tribute not only to Dorothy Green, but also to Elizabeth Jolley herself.

Acknowledgements - Introduction - Family Fluidity - Time and Thought -Visions of Childhood - Literacy and Learning - The Single Girl - Love and Marriage - Births and Babies - Fertility Limitation - Conclusions - Bibliography - Index


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Question: General Education and Physics in the Sixth Form

It is always alarming to speak before a body of experts, but this is for me a more than usually alarming experience, since I am not only speaking before experts, but doing so to some extent at least as a fraud. All schoolmasters are familiar of course, and I hope undismayed, by the degree of fraudulence involved in teaching, as a stop-gap some unfamiliar subject in which it is necessary by hurried homework to keep one chapter ahead of the boys. My position is much worse than that, for I must in all honesty begin by saying that I have never had a formal physics lesson in my life except such as I have attended in the last few years as an observer.

Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Nonlinear evolution inclusions arising from phase change models

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The paper is devoted to the analysis of an abstract evolution inclusion with a non-invertible operator, motivated by problems arising in nonlocal phase separation modeling. Existence, uniqueness, and long-time behaviour of the solution to the related Cauchy problem are discussed in detail.

This paper deals with the global attractivity of stationary solution of a class of reaction diffusion equations with time delays.


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Question: Technical Product Innovation in Building Material Industry in the Czech Republic

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Abstract The progress of transformation of the worldwide economic system entails the need for evaluation of innovation performance of the EU Member States. Progress achieved in research, development and innovation has been monitored on a regular basis since 1993. The present article focuses on survey of innovations and their results in the form of the Summary Innovation Index for EU countries. Further focus in on innovations in the building material industry in the Czech Republic from the viewpoint of technical product innovation with regard to revenues from the innovated products and cooperation in the process of innovation. A building material provider has been selected to introduce a particular innovation process from the initial idea to the product marketing. The article further describes the options of intellectual property right protection by patent or industrial or utility model in the Czech Republic.


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Question: LIF/STAT3/SOCS3 Signaling Pathway in Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Suppresses Osteoblast Differentiation

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the interleukin-6 family and is expressed by multiple tissue types. This study analyzed the effect of LIF on osteoblast differentiation using primary murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Colony-forming unit-osteoblast formation by BMSCs was significantly suppressed by LIF treatment. To clarify the mechanism underlying the LIF suppressive effect on osteoblast differentiation, we analyzed the downstream signaling pathway of LIF. LIF/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling induces the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). SOCS3 knockdown experiments have previously demonstrated that short-hairpin SOCS3-BMSCs reversed the LIF suppressive effect. Our results demonstrated that LIF suppresses osteoblast differentiation through the LIF/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1262–1268, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Gene Regulatory Networks Orchestrating B Cell Fate Specification, Commitment, and Differentiation.- Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Lymphocyte Lineage Determination.- Ikaros-Family Proteins: In Search of Molecular Functions During Lymphocyte Development.- Biochemistry of V(D)J Recombination.- The Pre-B Cell Receptor in B Cell Development: Recent Advances, Persistent Questions and Conserved Mechanisms.- Transcriptional Control of B Cell Activation.- Expression of MHC II Genes.- Class Switch Recombination: An Emerging Mechanism.- Blimp-1, Immunoglobulin Secretion, and the Switch to Plasma Cells.- Wnt Signaling in Lymphopoiesis.- Subject Index.


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Question: Real-time control of a small urban stormwater network

Real-time control can be used to prevent combined sewer overflows, by maximizing the amount of water stored and minimizing the amount of water discharged to the natural environment. Existing methods use optimization as a control means, which may be too costly for small cities. We propose in this article a method to control urban water network using simple controllers. A model of a pilot site (Biarritz) has been built with the software SWMM5 (sewerage modeling software) which is linked to Scilab, to test various control strategies. We first consider two classical control policies for the sewerage system: the local upstream control and the distant downstream which have their advantages and drawbacks. In this study, we propose the mixed control which ensures the benefits of these two types of control.

This paper introduces the basic concept of fuzzy control theory and its application in the pH value control system for waste water treatment.


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Question: Compensation of nonlinearity in a new optical heterodyne interferometer with doubled measurement resolution

We present and analyze a novel optical heterodyne interferometer which enables significant nonlinearity compensation and increases system measurement resolution by twofold without requiring the doubling of optical pathlength. In this system, rather than measuring one pair of measurement and reference signals as in a conventional interferometer, we used two photodetectors to measure two measurement signals. Our theoretical analysis shows that the system nonlinearity caused by the nonorthogonality and the ellipticity of two-frequency input lights can be easily compensated through a single phase compensator in the new interferometer by more than a factor of 30.

Absolute distance measuring method is developed by using temporal-coherence interferometry of optical frequency comb with 15-GHz fiber etalons, and a scanning stage. The fringe processing is automatically made with electric circuit.


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Question: Irrigation And Economic Development

Thank you very much for downloading irrigation and economic development. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this irrigation and economic development, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer. irrigation and economic development is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the irrigation and economic development is universally compatible with any devices to read.

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The Problem Situation The Contemporary Situation of Economic Development The Problems of Economic Development Business Cycles: Comments on Method The Theory of Economic Development Stages of Economic Growth The Business Cycle: Concepts and Tools The Liquidity Function: Money, Prices, and Interest The Business Cycle: Dynamic Equilibrium and Three Theories of Growth The Business Cycle: Dynamic Disequilibrium and Growth The Contemporary Challenges to Economic Growth and Development The Paradox of Industrialization The International Utility Function Economic Growth and Development: Political Considerations Conclusion Selected Bibliography Index


Question: Interactions between PMIPv6 and MIPv6: Route Optimization Issues

The interactions scenarios between Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) and ::: Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) protocols are described in [ID-MIP-PMIP]. This ::: document analyzes these scenarios when route optimization is used. ::: The analysis results in the identification of possible issues that ::: should be considered in the design of extensions for Route ::: Optimization in PMIPv6.

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Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Clinical Observation of the Effect of Comfortable Nursing care on Induced Abortion Relieved by Nitric Oxide

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of comfortable nursing care in induced abortion relieved by nitric oxide.Methods A total of 280 patients received induced abortion with pregnant 6-8 weeks for the first time were randomly divided into comfortable nursing care group(140 patients,received comfortable nursing care) and routine nursing care group(140 patients,received routine nursing care),the effect of relieved pain of the two groups were compared.Results The time of relieved pain of comfortable nursing care group was significantly shorter than that of routine nursing care group(P 0.01),the effective rate of relieved pain was also higher than that of routine nursing care group(P0.01).Conclusion Receiving comfortable nursing care in induced abortion relieved by nitric oxide can make patients achieving feeling of comfort and safety,improves effect of relieving pain,and further lessens pain in induced abortion.

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Introduction: Acupuncturein Context. History and TCM. Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology. Applied Physiology. Methods of Acupuncture. Trigger Point Acupuncture. Segmental Acupuncture. Periosteal Acupuncture. Neuropathic Pain. Acupuncture for Rheumatological Problems. Acupuncture in a Pain Clinic. Acupuncture Through the Systems. Electroacupuncture and Acupuncture Analgesia/ Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Laser Therapy. Acupuncture for the Withdrawal of Habituating Substances. Acupuncture for Nausea and Vomiting. Side Effects and Complications. Acupuncture in Clinical Research Methodology. The Future


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Question: Time variation of the electrical conductivity in spinel ferrites

For some spinel ferrites, an investigation was made of the time variation of the electrical conductivity. The phenomenon was observed on quick cooled samples and it is more pronounced immediately after their sintering. It is established that for some ferrites the electrical conductivity decreases with time and for others it increases. At first the variation of the electrical conductivity is pronounced and after certain time, which depends on the measuring temperature, it becomes practically imperceptible. It is shown also that the effect is more pronounced at higher temperatures. By saturation magnetization measurements it is proved that this variation effect of the electrical conductivity is caused by a reordering of the cation distribution after quick cooling of samples.

γ-Fe 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 solid solutions with several degrees of reduction from γ-Fe 2 O 3 were prepared to study the effect of magneto-strictive anisotropy on coercive force. Changes in the coercive force are observed in the temperature range from liquid nitrogen temperature to room temperature when the magnetic powder is surrounded with materials such as paraffin and epoxy resin. It is found that the change in the coercive force is proportional to the magnetostriction measured for disk samples of magnetic oxide powder.


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For instance you may be given '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', '[The dynamics of antibody formation to a vaccinal strain of Francisella tularensis in different immunization regimens].']' and it should match with '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The use of different schemes of albino mice immunization either by living or by killed preparations of the vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis when obtaining monoclonal antibodies to the tularemia microbe made it possible to reveal definite regularities in the dynamics of antibody formation. The highest titres of antibodies in sera of animals-donors of splenocytes were obtained during the daily (for 3 days) intraperitoneal immunization of mice with living vaccine or with its thrice administration to the spleen thrice with the interval of 10 days. Revaccination against a background of high titres of antibodies decreased their quantity in blood serum of mice, while that against a background of low titres increased them.']' but not with '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'Summary Circulating interferon was shown to protect mice against intracerebral challenge with encephalomyocarditis or vesicular stomatitis viruses, against intraperitoneal challenge with Germiston virus and intradermal infection with vaccinia virus. The possibility that circulating interferon provides similar protection during natural infection, is considered.']'.

Question: A Compact Difference Based on Non-uniform Grid for Steady Convection Diffusion Reaction Equation

A high accuracy compact of a finite different scheme on non-uniform grid for one dimensional convection-diffusion-reaction equation is proposed.Numerical results show that the present scheme has preferable properties of its high accuracy,high resolution for the large gradient changes of the unknown quantity,being well suitable for the boundary layer,etc.

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To give you a sense - "['', 'Metastasis to the adrenal glands is quite common; especially from melanomas, breast, lung, renal and gastro-intestinal tumours. The most common tumour found in the adrenals in post mortem series is a metastatic tumour; incidence ranging from 13 to 27%. The diagnosis of adrenal metastasis is now more common and easier due to staging and subsequent follow up with Computed tomography /Magnetic resonance imaging and or positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging studies. Most of the times these metastatic lesions are clinically occult and those that do have clinical symptoms complain of pain, nausea, vomiting and early satiety. We irradiated a patient of non small cell lung cancer with adrenal metastasis with palliative Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy and achieved a good response in terms of pain relief, stable disease and no side effects of the treatment.']" should be close to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!', 'Palliative intensity modulated radiation therapy for symptomatic adrenal metastasis.']"

This report contains sections describing: Monte Carlo Calculation of Chemical Potential of a Stockmayer Fluid, Fractional Brownian Diffusion in Molecularly Thin Films, On Spectral Measure and Monte Carlo Approaches to Flow in Heterogeneous Media, Shear Melting of Molecularly-Thin Confined Films, Nonlocal Diffusion and Strain-Induced Liquification at Particulate Media, Hierarchical Problems: Some conceptual Difficulties in the Development of Transport Equations, Application of Multiple-Angle-of-Incidence Ellipsometry to the Study of Thin Films Adsorbed on Surfaces, On Adsorption and Diffusion at Rough Surfaces: A Comparison of Statistical Mechanic, Molecular Dynamics and Kinetic Theory, Fluids in Micropores: Self-Diffusion in a Slit-Pore with Hard Rough Walls, and Nonlocal Transport Theories for Media with Microstructure.


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['represent text', 'A proposed program of observations of extragalactic X-ray sources'] == ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "It is proposed to carry out an observational test of the hypothesis that active galactic nuclei contain a massive black hole, surrounded by an accretion disk as an energy source. The observational program included 64 objects, selected according the Aldrovandi's model."] != ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Present -day VLBI networks make observations of compact structure in a wide variety of radio sources. Examples are shown of milli-arcsecond scale structures in radio galaxies, quasars, stars and supernova remants']

Question: 20 family doctors to follow on Twitter

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Here is Medical Economics’ completely subjective list of 20 insightful, interesting, and active family doctors on Twitter, in no particular order.

Learn the latest health care industry trends, and, more importantly, how you can use them to get ahead in the marketplace.


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The complete mol-ecule of the title compund, C(15)H(14)Br(2)O(2), is generated by the application of crystallographic twofold symmetry, with the central C atom lying on the rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 62.4 (3)°. In the crystal, short Br⋯Br contacts [3.4885 (16) Å] occur.

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N-Methyl-2-chloroacetoacetamide undergoes a complex reaction with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and triphenylphosphine to produce dialkyl 2-(N-methyl-2-chloroacetoacetamide-2-yl)-3-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-butanedioates, which undergo elimination-cyclization reactions to produce N-methyl-4-acetyl-3-(alkoxycarbonyltriphenylphosphoranylidene)-maleimides.


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Question: Mobility of copper and zinc fractions in fungicide-amended vineyard sandy soils

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mobility of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the profile and distribution of sandy soil fractions from vineyards. Soil samples were collected from two vineyards of different ages (14 and 30 years) and a natural field area in the south of Brazil. The chemical characteristics, Cu levels and Zn levels, were analyzed in the soils by extraction with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) using the 3050B method of USEPA and by chemical fractionation. Cu and Zn were accumulated in the vineyard soils, especially in the uppermost soil layers and in the soil from the oldest vineyard. Approximately, 75% of the total Cu was extracted by EDTA, but only 30% of the total Zn was extracted by EDTA. Most of the Cu, especially in the oldest vineyard, was distributed in the mineral-associated fraction, which is characterized by low geochemical mobility, but another important part of the Cu was distributed in the soil organic matter. Most of the Zn in the soil was distributed in the ...

Purpose ::: Chemical immobilization has been widely used for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The present study evaluated the feasibility of simultaneous immobilization of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in a smelter-contaminated soil.


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Question: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as with most other forms of intracranial inflammatory or infectious diseases, is a powerful though largely nonspecific diagnostic tool. For imaging of these complex patients with the varied and numerous pathologies they may harbor, the standard protocol is utilized to include gadolinium-enhanced sequences. This unit presents optional imaging sequences, including magnetic resonance diffusion (dMRI), magnetic resonance perfusion (pMRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), that can be employed should patient tolerance allow and if specific the clinical situation requires further clarification.

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© 2008 Elsevier 0196-4399/00 (see frontmatter) 45 (CMV IgG) avidity and relationship of avidity to CMV IgM levels. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9:824-827. 23. Prince, H.E. et al. 2005. Utilization of follow-up specimens from viremic blood donors to assess the value of West Nile virus immunoglobulin G avidity as an indicator of recent infection. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12:1123-1126. 24. Fox, J.L. et al. 2006. Immunoglobulin G avidity in differentiation between early and late antibody responses to West Nile virus. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 13:33-36. 25. Wong S.J. et al. 2003. Immunoassay targeting nonstructural protein 5 to differentiate West Nile virus infection from dengue and St. Louis encephalitis virus infections and from flavivirus vaccination. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:4217-4223.


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Question: Family Maltreatment, Substance Problems, and Suicidality: Prevalence Surveillance and Ecological Risk/Protective Factors Models

Abstract : This study seeks to derive and validate an innovative public health surveillance system. Years of pilot work with the AF found that it is possible to derive accurate complex statistical estimation algorithms from data sets containing both nonsensitive information and assessments of secretive problems. These algorithms can then be applied to data sets that do not directly assess secretive problems to accurately estimate problem prevalences. In other words, a single survey administration and the algorithms can obviate the need for future secretive behavior surveys, making this a cost effective and sustainable planning tool. Further, the data set to be used for algorithm derivation will also be ideal to test a series of specific hypotheses about individual, family, workplace, and community risk and protective factors for each of the secretive problems.

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Overview of Aging, Emotional Health and Behaviour. Section I: Prevalence and Diagnosis. Prevalence of Mental, Behavioural and Neurobehavioral Disorders among Older People with Intellectual Disabilities. Psychopathology and Older Age. General Etiological Issues. Assessment of Behavioural and Psychiatric Disorders. Depression in Adults and Aging Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Cognitive Decline and Aging. Behavioural and Psychiatric Overlays from Physical and Medical Conditions. Emotional Health and Aging in Adults with Down Syndrome. Section II Treatments and Interventions. Psychotherapy and Other Psychological Interventions. Aging--Related Behavioural Interventions. Psychotropic Medications. Dynamics of Bereavement and Grief Reactions. Section III Service System Issues. Community Mental Health and Support Services: Planning Principles and Models. Prevention Strategies and Community Education. Future Directions and Challenges


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Question: Tn5 carries a streptomycin resistance determinant downstream from the kanamycin resistance gene

In Rhizobium meliloti, Tn5 conferred resistance not only to kanamycin but to streptomycin, as well, in Escherichia coli, however only to kanamycin. Using in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, it was shown that the streptomycin resistance determinant was located downstream from the kanamycin resistance gene in the unique central region of Tn5. Expression of various cloned fragments of Tn5 suggested that both kanamycin and streptomycin resistance genes were transcribed from the same promoter. E. coli mutants allowing the expression of streptomycin resistance from Tn5 were isolated. The differential expression of the streptomycin resistance gene provides a simple selection/counterselection criterion, using only streptomycin in transfer experiments of Tn5 between E. coli and R. meliloti.

The two mer operons of the Pseudomonas stutzeri OX plasmid pPB and their flanking regions have been sequenced and found to be part of two aberrant transposons. The narrow spectrum mer operon is almost identical to that of Tn501, but is associated with the remnants of Tn5053 tni genes rather than the Tn501 transposition module. The broad spectrum mer operon shows an overall homology with that of Tn5053, but differs from it in the presence of a merB gene, absent in Tn5053, and a merC gene instead of a merF. The pPB broad spectrum mer operon is associated with an incomplete Tn5053-like transposition module and with the Tn501 tnp genes, which are proximal, respectively, to the end and to the beginning of the mer operon. A hypothesis about pPB evolution is presented.


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Question: OWL-Based Model for Access Control of Ontology

Nowadays the ontology in the semantic web lacks the access control mechanism,it causes the loss of privacy protection for the ontology and eventually damages the stability of semantic web.To guarantee the effective protection of the ontology,a new web ontology language-based(OWL-based) model for access control is proposed.In this model,the access rules and the access control attributes are defined.The relations for the access control are set up.Features of this model are discussed in details to apply to the construction of the ontology and the ontology-based reasoning systems.It is shown that this new model can definitely demonstrate the relations for the access control and can be effectively used for the protection of the ontology.Moreover,with the flexibility and extensibility it owned,this new model also meets the increasingly complex requirements of the access control in the semantic web.

Foundations of Semantic Web Reasoning.- Composing Frameworks and Components for Families of Semantic Web Applications.- Semantic Web Logic Programming Tools.- Web Rules Need Two Kinds of Negation.- Reasoning in Practice.- Towards the Adaptive Semantic Web.- On Reasoning on Time and Location on the Web.- Reasoning about Communicating Agents in the Semantic Web.- Query and Rule-Languages.- A Visual Language for Web Querying and Reasoning.- XML Document Adaptation Queries (XDAQ): An Approach to Adaptation Reasoning Using Web Query Languages.- On Types for XML Query Language Xcerpt.- Integrating Description Logics and Answer Set Programming.- Semantics and Knowledge Representation.- Extracting Mathematical Semantics from Documents.- Reasoning in Attempto Controlled English.- Systematics and Architecture for a Resource Representing Knowledge about Named Entities.


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Question: Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of orientation of layered silicate particles embedded in polymer melts under shear flows

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For example, ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The existence of micropores of less than 100 nm size is reported in hot isostatically pressed Ti-6Al-4V compacts that were expected to be fully dense. The micropores are in a film-like arrangement which traverses individual alpha grains. Several possible origins of the micropores are discussed. Of these, the dissolution of oxide film on prior powder particles appears most probable.'] should be similar to ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Microporosity in hot isostatically pressed Ti-6Al-4V powder compacts']

Orientation of anisometric layered silicate particles subject to shear flows has always been a crucial factor in the final microstructure of polymer nanocomposites in polymer processing. Plenty of experimental works and theoretical investigations have been conducted in order to provide an accurate understanding of the phenomena involved. The development of coarse-grained molecular simulation methods in recent years has made it possible to explore more details of pre-described systems under a variety of conditions. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) being one of them, has been widely applied to study multicomponent materials. With the introduction of Lees-Edwards boundary conditions, DPD was soon found to be an efficient method to simulate hydrodynamic systems considering its ability to access longer time scales compared with classic molecular dynamics. Here, we report on the orientation of a semi-flexible 3-layered silicate particle embedded in a polymer matrix while imposed to shear flows. By applying d...

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Dilute aqueous dispersions of charged colloidal silica (particle volume fraction = approximately 0.03-0.04, particle diameter = 110 nm) exhibit unidirectional crystal growth due to the diffusion of a weak base, pyridine (Py). Similar diffusion-crystallization is enabled by a salt of a weak acid and a strong base, sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3). The resulting crystals consist of columnar (or cubic) crystal grains with a maximum height of a few centimeters and a maximum width of 1 cm. The crystal growth process is attributed to a combination of (i) the diffusion of Py or NaHCO3 accompanied by a charging reaction of the silica particles and (ii) the charge-induced crystallization of the silica colloids. Theoretical growth curves based on the reaction-diffusion model for the case of Py were in good agreement with the observed curves. We also report the immobilization of the resulting large crystals by using a polymer hydrogel matrix.


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Question: The role of online learning in the merit and promotion process: Is credit necessary or applied?

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Traditionally, universities have awarded promotion/tenure based on subjective criteria developed by the granting institution and disregarded credit for creating and teaching an online course. Current standards for promotion/tenure at Texas public universities and the role that an online course should play in tenure/promotion process are explored. Texas was selected to represent national standards in the promotion and tenure process.

Faced with the conflict between decreasing productivity and a disenchanted labour market, what opportunities does management have to rebuild a healthy work environment? One solution lies in the ability of management to stimulate work behaviour to meet productivity demands and reward desired behaviour to satisfy individual goals. A recent survey of the appraisal practices of a sample of Fortune 1300 firms revealed an overall acceptance of the concept of Performance Appraisal as a viable methodology for those firms.


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Question: LibGuides: Digitized Archival Collections: Digitized Collections

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Archives that have been scanned and are available online. Archival collections that have been scanned and are available online

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Part 1 Section A: Yiddish Works in Periodicals Part 2 Section B: Yiddish Works in Book Form Part 3 Section C: English Translations in Book Form


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Question: Rainfall variability, food insecurity and migration in Cabricán, Guatemala

This article presents data and insights on rainfall variability, food insecurity and migration in four rural mountain communities in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. In mountain areas, climatic patterns and impacts change over short distances and no meteorological station is located within the range of a few kilometres from the selected communities. Therefore, rainfall patterns and impacts were investigated with local communities in a participatory way. Rainfall is crucial for local livelihoods because their most important source of food is the yearly harvest of a rain-fed corn-based crop sub-system called milpa. The great majority of survey respondents and participants in the participatory research approach sessions believe that climatic conditions have worsened in the last 20 years and are affecting their food production. They also remarked that the profitability of in situ diversification options is decreasing and associated with decreasing migration opportunities. These trends expose local populati...

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The report aims to identify and quantify the productivity, constraints and potential health hazards associated with informal peri-urban irrigation, with the objective of identifying practical measures to sustain and enhance the productivity of these systems. The research is based on field studies carried out in and around Kumasi, Ghana, and Nairobi, Kenya.


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Question: Optimal switching control via direct search optimization

We demonstrate in this paper that for switched systems the optimal switching time instants and the optimal control policy can be solved readily by direct search optimization. General problem formulation and numerical procedures are presented together with two demonstrative examples previously considered in the literature using other numerical solution methods.

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In this paper, we provide a practical solution to the generalized optimal guidance problem with an impact angle constraint. The optimal guidance problem with arbitrary weighting functions is extend...


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Question: Spherical silicon photonic microcavities: From amorphous to polycrystalline

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"['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The article provides an individual risk assessment of metabolic disorders in the child population, consuming drinking water with elevated levels of chloroform. Contingents of children threatened by the development of metabolic disorders are revealed, with a variation of the serotonin receptor gene AG (HTR2A), with increased susceptibility to oral exposure to environmental organochlorines. It was found that children with the gene variation AG HTR2A have the content of serotonin functionally associated with this gene variation reduced by 1.3 times in the blood serum, relative to the comparison group. Individual risk of adverse effects (metabolic abnormalities: excess food and obesity E66.0 E67.8) in these persons is higher (1.32·10-4 and 1.12·10-4, respectively) than in the general population, living in the exposure to chloroform (HQ 1.72).']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about!', 'Individual risk assessment of metabolic disorders in children at exposure to chloroform in drinking water']"

Shaping silicon as a spherical object is not an obvious task, especially when the object size is in the micrometer range. This has the important consequence of transforming bare silicon material in a microcavity, so it is able to confine light efficiently. Here, we have explored the inside volume of such microcavities, both in their amorphous and in their polycrystalline versions. The synthesis method, which is based on chemical vapor deposition, causes amorphous microspheres to have a high content of hydrogen that produces an onionlike distributed porous core when the microspheres are crystallized by a fast annealing regime. This substantially influences the resonant modes. However, a slow crystallization regime does not yield pores, and produces higher-quality-factor resonances that could be fitted to the Mie theory. This allows the establishment of a procedure for obtaining size calibration standards with relative errors of the order of 0.1%.

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Semiconductor nanocrystals whose optical properties are largely determined by the quantum confinement effect are currently being extensively studied in both physics and chemistry. Highly luminescent thiol-capped CdTe and HgTe nanocrystals with desirable sizes ranging from less than two to approximately 8 nm have been recently synthesized in aqueous solutions by a wet chemical route. They were used for the preparation of composite multilayer thin films by the layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition technique. Films containing luminescent nanocrystals were made both on planar substrates and on submicron-sized monodisperse polystyrene spheres. Alternatively, nanocrystals have been incorporated as cores into silica spheres of desirable sizes. Composite nanocrystal/silica and core-shell latex/nanocrystal spheres have been used as building blocks for 3-D colloidal photonic crystals.


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Question: Small Scale Population Structure in the Treefrog Bokermannohyla saxicola (Bokermann, 1964) (Anura, Hylidae)

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ABSTRACT. Bokermmanohyla saxicola is endemic to the Espinhaco Mountain Range (southeastern Brazil), and broadly distributed in montane meadows of the Serra do Cipo. Four microsatellite regions were located through genomic library screening for this frog, two of which were chosen for population structure analyses given their high variability levels (10–11 alleles assayed in 75 tadpoles from five different streams). Overall Fst was 0.056, and the studied demes fitted isolation by distance model expectations, but the increase of Fst values was unrelated to increases in geographic distance, as it would be expected in drift-gene flow equilibrium conditions. Microsatellite markers revealed lack of pairwise genetic differentiation in spatially close demes and also in some distant ones, a pattern that may be caused by the combination of limited migration ability and past event effects contingent upon suitable habitat conditions for frog movement.

Ryland, J. S., Porter, J. S. (2006).. The identification, distribution and biology of encrusting species of Alcyonidium (Bryozoa: Ctenostomatida) around the coasts of Ireland . Biology and Environment, 106B, (1), 19-33.


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Question: Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS)

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Review on Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), with data on clinics, and the genes involved.

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With great interest we read the recent review on familial myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) published in this journal by Liew and Owen.[1][1] Besides telomere disorders and familial monosomy 7, the review focused on familial platelet disorder with propensity to myeloid malignancies (FPDMM) and also


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Question: Miss Emily Grierson’s Psychopathy in William Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily”: Overt Disorder, Covert Order

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Despite Faulkner’s claim that it is not a psychological text, “A Rose for Emily” investigates female psyche, introducing an old unwed woman who denies her father’s death and keeps his corpse in her bedroom for days, then kills her lover, Homer Barron, and spends forty years lying next to his corpse. It does not require a particularly intensive reading to reveal Miss Emily’s psychological disorder. Similar to the townspeople in the story who are obsessed with Emily’s life of silence and introversion, the reader is left wondering about the female character’s unpredictable behavior. That is the reason why one cannot avoid thinking about Miss Emily’s psychological disorder and her division into silent conflicting selves. This paper probes Miss Emily’s psychological disorder from a psychoanalytical perspective and attempts to show that, deeply scrutinized, the lady’s psychopathic traits and her overwhelming silence do contain symptoms of meaning and order.

Introduction: Revisiting Dancing with Broken Bones Chapter 1. Crossing the Tracks Chapter 2. Dying Poor: An Invisible World Chapter 3. Dying the Public Hospital System: Institutional Arrangements and Provider Perspectives Chapter 4. Courage Through Suffering: Snapshots of the Dying Poor Chapter 5. Triumph and Faith Through Harsh Reality and Personal Tragedy: Lucille Angel Chapter 6. Life on the Brink: Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler Chapter 7. A Conclusion: Conscious Listening, Mindful Presence-A Lesson Learned Epilogue. An Urban Thoreau


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Question: Dissemination of information in complex networks with congestion

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We address the problem of message transfer in complex networks with congestion. We propose a new strategy aimed at improving routing efficiency. Such a strategy, contrary to the shortest available path length from a given source to its destination (perhaps the most widely analyzed routing strategy), takes into account the congestion of nodes and can be deployed, with a minimal overhead, on top of it. Our results show that, by distributing more homogeneously the congestion of nodes, it significantly reduces the average network load as well as the collapse point.

Efficiency and optimality criteria of block structurization of software resources taking account of overhead expenses is obtained for a class of uniformly distributed competing processes.


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Question: Communism Contained: Resourcing the Korean War

Following the end of World War Two, the world had reason to believe human beings had had enough of armed conflict; however, politics, as always, got in the way. Instead of dealing with fascist regimes, the democratic nations of the world found themselves facing off against their erstwhile wartime communist allies. However, a new wrinkle had been introduced into the equation with the potential to destroy the world as they knew it: atomic weapons. Any future confrontations between East and West would have to carefully factor this condition into their respective foreign and military policies—miscalculation could end in disaster. Meagher chronicles how the introduction of these weapons also significantly changed military resourcing policies, particularly in the United States.

Introduction Regimes and Character Regimes Tone and Character The Character of Democracy What Differences Regimes Make The Soviet Union Prosperity Civility Family The Soul The Ultimate Test Our Character De Tocquevilles America What Are We Doing to Ourselves? The Culture Wars Americas Defenders.


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Question: Electrical transport and superconducting properties of Pb3BiSx film compounds

Abstract The electrical resistivity and superconducting properties of a newly synthesized superconducting material of the form Pb 3 BiS x ( x = 1.5–3.0) composed of all non-transition elements are presented. The sample film is fabricated by quick evaporation of the original sintered material. It is found that temperature dependence of electrical resistivity has anomalous behavior as represented by broad maximum in higher temperature region and minimum in lower temperature region. The critical temperature is about 8K and the critical field is 35 kOe at 4.2 K for the sample with x = 1.9. The transition width is very broad for the magnetic transition, in contrast to the sharp transition at T c . The gap structure of a Pb 3 BiS x -I-Sn tunnel junction is also presented.

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In this work, we report the electrical conductivity and lattice constants measurements of the system ZnCr2 2xIn2xS4 as a function of temperature and Indium m...


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Question: A BCool survey of the magnetic fields of planet-hosting solar-type stars

We present a spectropolarimetric snapshot survey of solar-type planet hosting stars. In addition to 14 planet-hosting stars observed as part of the BCool magnetic snapshot survey, we obtained magnetic observations of a further 19 planet-hosting solar-type stars in order to see if the presence of close-in planets had an effect on the measured surface magnetic field (|B$_{\ell}$|). Our results indicate that the magnetic activity of this sample is congruent with that of the overall BCool sample. The effects of the planetary systems on the magnetic activity of the parent star, if any, are too subtle to detect compared to the intrinsic dispersion and correlations with rotation, age and stellar activity proxies in our sample. Four of the 19 newly observed stars, two of which are subgiants, have unambiguously detected magnetic fields and are future targets for Zeeman Doppler Mapping.

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Microlensing of distant stars in the Milky Way by the nearby high proper motion stars offers a direct way to precisely measure the masses of single lower main sequence stars and brown dwarfs.


Question: Is there a Latin American agricultural growth pattern? Factor endowments and productivity in the second half of the twentieth century

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In this article we discuss whether there was a single Latin American pattern of agricultural growth between 1950 and 2008. We analyse the sources of growth of agricultural production and productivity in ten Latin American countries. Our results show that the differences between these countries are too strong to establish a single pattern for this region. However, certain common trends may be observed, such as the growing importance of labour productivity to explain agricultural production growth and the increasing importance of TFP to explain agricultural labour productivity growth.

Introduction - African agriculture in the postadjustment era - The changing political economy of Tanzanian agriculture - Data politics: assessing agricultural adjustment in Tanzania - State & market failures: policy implications of agricultural input & credit liberalisation - The local politics of reform implementation - Fast crops, fast cash - Diversification, poverty & inequality - Farmers & markets in Africa: conclusions & policy implications


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Question: RefocusGAN: Scene Refocusing Using a Single Image

Post-capture control of the focus position of an image is a useful photographic tool. Changing the focus of a single image involves the complex task of simultaneously estimating the radiance and the defocus radius of all scene points. We introduce RefocusGAN, a deblur-then-reblur approach to single image refocusing. We train conditional adversarial networks for deblurring and refocusing using wide-aperture images created from light-fields. By appropriately conditioning our networks with a focus measure, an in-focus image and a refocus control parameter \(\delta \), we are able to achieve generic free-form refocusing over a single image.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction System Description and Problem Formulation Sequential Monte Carlo Methods Joint Single-Target Tracking and Classification Multiple-Target Tracking and Classification Sensor Selection Simulation Results Conclusion Appendix: Derivations of (14.38) and (14.40) References


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Question: Forgiveness: A Philosophical Exploration

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Prologue 1. Forgiveness ancient and modern 2. Forgiveness at its best 3. Imperfect forgiveness 4. Political apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation 5. Truth, memory, and reconciliation without apology.


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Question: Security in software : How software companies work with security during a software development process

This study is conducted, due to recent interest in privacy and software security, on how a number of software development companies work during a development process to develop secure software to t ...

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Many IoT devices lack basic security requirements. The small size and limited processing power of many connected devices could inhibit encryption and other robust security measures. People need understanding of limitations of devices due to their size and the approaches for providing security. The challenges for implementing the security of embedded devices and providing end-to-end security are the outcomes of this study.


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Question: On the Convergence of Periodic Reinvestments by an Amount Equal to Depreciation

This paper analyzes the pattern of periodic reinvestments in depreciable assets when the amount of reinvestment in each period is set equal to the amount of depreciation for the period and derives a constant to which the periodic investments converge. The expression for the constant which depends upon the depreciation method is then interpreted in terms of the firm's investment and financing policy as well as its growth rate.

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Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps in Rd.- Martingale Theory and the Stochastic Integral for Point Processes.- Brownian Motion, Stochastic Integral and Ito's Formula.- Stochastic Differential Equations.- Some Useful Tools in Stochastic Differential Equations.- Stochastic Differential Equations with Non-Lipschitzian Coefficients.- Applications.- How to Use the Stochastic Calculus to Solve SDE.- Linear and Non-linear Filtering.- Option Pricing in a Financial Market and BSDE.- Optimal Consumption by H-J-B Equation and Lagrange Method.- Comparison Theorem and Stochastic Pathwise Control.- Stochastic Population Control and Reflecting SDE.- Maximum Principle for Stochastic Systems with Jumps.