Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Orthogonal Design to Establish Bupleurum falcatum L. Callus Rapid Propagation System

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.

[Objective] To establish B.falcatum callus rapid propagation system.[Method] With the reference to the average growth of cells,the media,initial pH value,6-BA,NAA and 2,4-D of B.falcatum callus were optimized by orthogonal optimal design method.[Result] The five factors had significant influence on the test results,especially N6,the initial pH of 5.6 was conducive to the growth of cells;of the three hormones,the largest cell fresh weight can be obtained when the combination of 6-BA(2 mg/L) and NAA(0.5 mg/L) was added to the medium.The most advantageous medium for B.falcatum callus cell growth was N6+2 mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA,pH 5.6.The cell growth of B.falcatum callus was inhibited by 2,4-D when it was added in medium.[Conclusion] The study results provide experimental data and theoretical support for further expanding the culture and establishing the suspension system of B.falcatum callus.

Automated Membrane ::: Reactors for the Early Process Development of Enzyme Promoted ::: Bioconversion


Question: Represent

Question: LibGuides: Medical Laboratory Science: Books

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Find books using the Library Search, other catalogues or find out how to obtain items we don't own

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Use this guide to find resources related to College of Education First and Second Year Seminars Videos, Handouts, Tutorials


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Overcoming barriers to effective pain control.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Pain is underestimated and under-treated in the majority of patients. Several barriers exist to providing effective pain management. Education is the most important tool for improving pain management.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Keep moving: Improving the mobility of older people. : An example of research collaboration in Europe.


Question: Represent

Question: Effects of particle size on structure and characteristics of meso-carbon microbeads

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.

The effects of particle size on structure and characteristics of meso-carbon microbead(MCMB) were investigated. The MCMB was characterized by X-ray diffraction, particle size ~analysis, Brunauer-Emmer-Teller(BET) specific surface area and electrochemical measurements. The MCMB powder with larger average particle size has higher tap density and smaller BET surface area. As the average particle size increases, charge capacity and irreversible capacity of the MCMB anode reduce, while the reversible capacity and initial charge/discharge efficiency rise. According to the electrochemical measurements of 063448 type lithium ion batteries, the batteries with larger size MCMB anodes have higher discharge capacity and smaller irreversible capacity. Using the MCMB with average particle size of 19.09 μm as anodes, the batteries have high capacity of 838 mA·h, large initial charge/discharge efficiency of 87.29% and high capacity retention ratio of 92.35% after 100 cycles.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

The thesis developed an hierarchical porous NiO/YSZ with high mechanical performance using a novel process. This process fabricates initial scaffolds with a controllable porosity by enhancing the surface energy of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) for the assembly of NiO-YSZ/PMMA. It maintains the hierarchical porous structure using two-step sintering (TSS) to restrict the growth of nanoparticles, and improves the mechanical properties in combination with a bimodal distribution of NiO/YSZ nano-particles.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: [Advances in study of genus Curcuma].

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:

The recent progress in the studies on chemical constituents, pharmacological activity and quality control of the medical plants of genus Curcuma were summarized. These plants contain various chemical constituents and have broad bioactivities such as anti-oxidation activity, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory. It is complex when it is used for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) because of its multispeciese and multiresources. The author believe that a deep research of the quality criterion about this genus can solve many problems of the further investigation and ensure the safety and utility of TCM.

This paper introduces the separation, liquid fermentation culture and pharmacological study of Cordy Ceps Sinensis Sall, which lays the foundation for the future research on Cordy Ceps Sinensis Sall and its fermentation mycelia.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Separating the eraser Turing machine classes I+, NIL,, co-N!+_ and P,

Krause, M., C. Meinel and S. Waack, Separating the eraser Turing machine classes, Theoretical Computer Science 86 (1991) 267-275. By means of exponential lower and polynomial upper bounds for read-once-only n-branching programs we separate the logarithmic space-bounded complexity classes L,, NL,, co-NL, and P, for eraser Turing machines.

We show that, expcept in the trivial case p^ ^Qn ^2, the Lorentz operator space S ?y is not isomorphic to a subspace of S for 1 < PQ, p^ ^2 , I <.q^<,^ , I <^q^ <° « and q^ i=^q^.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Harvard/Boston City Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Currently running clinical trials at Harvard/Boston City Medical Center's AIDS Clinical Trials Unit are presented in chart form. Each includes a description of the trial, criteria to participate, sites and contact information to enroll, and the status of the trial, including numbers of patients enrolled.

MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Short-Term Load Forecasting in Deregulated Electricity Markets using Fuzzy Approach

In this study, closed loop speed control of a DC motor was performed using PID and fuzzy logic control methods. The speed information of the DC motor was taken from the tachogenerator and was transferred to Arduino Due microcontroller card with feedback. Experimental results showing the performance of the control systems were obtained by plotting in Matlab program of the data received via the serial port of the Arduino IDE program. These two control methods have been compared in terms of performance criteria such as rise time, sitting time and steady state error.

Traditional Management and Management Engineering.- Dynamic Supply and Demand Balance Problems.- Linear and Probabilistic Resource Optimization and Allocation Problems.- Forecasting of Time Series.- Business Intelligence and Data Mining.- The Use of Game Theory.- Summary of Some Fundamental Management Engineering Principles.- Concluding Remarks.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Signet-ring stromal tumor of the ovary: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

We report a signet-ring stromal tumour found in the ovary of a 50-year-old woman. The solid tumour was composed of spindle and round cells which stained with vimentin and some round cells were vacuolated and had the appearance of signet-ring cells. The vacuoles were negative with periodic acid-Schiff, with and without diastase digestion, with alcian blue, Sudan III, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein stains. Ultrastructurally, they were membrane bound and contained scantly flocculent material. Some neoplastic cells contained intracytoplasmic eosinophilic globules which were positive with alpha-1-antitrypsin. Signet-ring stromal tumour is a benign, morphologically distinctive type of ovarian stromal tumour, which may present problems in differential diagnosis with other stromal and non stromal ovarian neoplasms.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.

Pleomorphic adenoma of soft palate is extremely rare. A large tumour in soft palate is reported with sleep apnea syndrome. Diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration cytology and intraoperative consultation by imprint smears, which were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.


Question: represent the next text

Question: Kinetics of direct and substrate-mediated electron transfer of versatile peroxidase-modified graphite electrodes

Electron transfer (ET) of versatile peroxidase (VP) was studied in the bioelectrocatalytic reduction reaction of H2O2 at peroxidase-modified graphite electrodes to obtain additional information on the kinetic characteristics of this novel ligninolytic peroxidase. Rotating disk electrodes (RDE) experiments were performed at 0 V (vs. SCE) in two different buffers (tartrate buffer, pH 5.0; and citrate buffer, pH 3.0). From measurements of the mediated and mediatorless currents of H2O2 reduction at the RDE, the percentage of VP molecules involved in direct ET (� 55%) was calculated. The peroxidase-modified electrodes were used for determination of the donor substrates in RDE mode, and the results were interpreted in terms of catalytic efficiencies. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase (PceA), a corrinoid-containing enzyme from Sulfurospirillum multivorans, is highly active for the sequential reduction of the organohalide tetrachloroethene (PCE) to trichloroethene (TCE), then regiospecifically to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE). We demonstrate direct electron transfer from graphite and semiconductor electrodes to PceA adsorbed onto the electrode surface. Colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles modified with PceA efficiently carry out the sequence of dehalogenation reactions under UV light irradiation.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: The Global Trend Towards the Abolition of the Death Penalty

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

The biennial vote in the General Assembly of the United Nations has consistently revealed the global movement towards a world without the death penalty. Since the end of the 1980s we have seen a trend in the reduction of capital convictions and executions, and an increase in countries moving from retentionist to de facto and then de jure abolitionist. This chapter charts the abolitionist movements in the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union, the Organisation of American States, and the African Union. It will place the global movement for abolition within the temporal context of the ICCPR article 6(6), and reveal that the global trend towards abolition is guided by a control over the pressure of time in international human rights law.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Contents Introduction Culture in Chains: How the Secular and Religious Right Captured America Chapter 1 Manufacturing Common Sense or Cultural Hegemony for Beginners Chapter 2 Foreign Affairs Chapter 3 The American Religious Right and Its Long March through the Institutions Chapter 4 Extinguishing the Enlightenment: The Assault on Knowledge Chapter 5 Lobbies, Corridors and Seats of Power Conclusion Why Undertake This Book? Bibliography


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Training Model Based on Action Research for Teacher of Chinese as a Foreign Language

A teacher is one of the key factors in teaching Chinese as a foreign language,we,as a foreign language teacher,must strengthen development and training of Chinese.The training model for teachers of TCFL based on the actions research can improve the teachers'quality and level,Educational narration and reflection on the research,and school-based research model of this system are basic strategies.

Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


Question:
represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract
E.g. "['Represent text', 'High precision north determining scheme based on FOG bias stability']" == "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', "In order to improve the precision of FOG North-seeker,a north determining scheme based on FOG bias stability was proposed.According to the expatiation on the principle of north-seeker and the main factors that influence the system accuracy,a balance was made between integral time of each position and number of positions in order to achieve high precision.Experiment data show that 56-position north determining scheme based on FOG of 0.03°/h could achieve the precision of 3' for this north seeker within 5 minutes.The technique could effectively restrain the measurement noise of FOG and improve the system performance compared with traditional algorithms."]" != "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'SAR imaging ideal conditions is platform should be uniform motion in a straight line,The airborne platform is affected by the airflow disturbance is significant,so one of the solution is the data compensation from high-precise instrument,the other one is the compensation from signal processing algorithm. High resolution image need high-precision inertial measurement data The rapid perturbations in the echo data error need a motion compensation based on signal processing to realize. The discussion of this article will centre on the effect of airborne platform from air current and the FPGA realization of motion compensation.']"

Question: Facial Emotion Recognition Using Context Based Multimodal Approach

Emotions play a crucial role in person to person interaction. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in improving all aspects of interaction between humans and computers. The ability to understand human emotions is desirable for the computer in several applications especially by observing facial expressions. This paper explores a ways of human-computer interaction that enable the computer to be more aware of the userâ€™s emotional expressions we present a approach for the emotion recognition from a facial expression, hand and body posture. Our model uses multimodal emotion recognition system in which we use two different models for facial expression recognition and for hand gesture recognition and then combining the result of both classifiers using a third classifier which give the resulting emotion. Multimodal system gives more accurate result than a signal or bimodal system.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

A. Filippidis, M. Russo, L.C. Jain: Novel Extension of ART2 in Surface Landmine Detection.- M. Blume: An Efficient Mapping of Fuzzy ART onto a Neural Architecture.- M. Blume, D.A. Van Blerkom: Fuzzy ARTMAP Modifications for Intersecting Class Distributions.- A.-H. Tan: Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory and Rules.- G. Bartfai, R. White: Incremental Learning and Optimization of Hierarchical Clusterings with ART-Based Modular Networks.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part I - Architectures and Algorithms.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part II - Applications.- T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!

Question: Morphology effects on the conductivity in poly(3-alkyl thiophene)

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Examples:
Provided: "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Beta Beam, the concept of letting accelerated radioactive ions generate a pure and intense (anti‐) neutrino beam by beta decay, is the basis of one of the proposed next generation neutrino oscillation facilities, necessary for a complete study of the neutrino oscillation parameter space. The first CERN based scenario, using 18Ne and 6He as νe and νe emitters respectively, has shown a shortfall in 18Ne production. We have now entered the era of the studies of an alternative CERN based baseline. This alternative investigates how the ions 8B and 8Li can be produced in high quantities in a “Production Ring,” accelerated and then accumulated in a “Decay Ring.” The idea of an alternative RF scheme for the Decay Ring, to use RF barriers to collect all ions in one “Barrier Bucket,” has been tested. Longitudinal phase space simulations show that with the Barrier Bucket method it is unfeasible to optimize between ion intensity in the bucket and the duty cycle the bucket occupies. Therefore the prior RF scheme, whi...']" Match: "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Limitations in the Use of Barrier Buckets in a Beta Beam Decay Ring']"

Blends of poly(3-octyl thiophene) with different ethylene-co-vinylacetates were prepared by solvent casting method. Morphology of these blends was studied by optical microscope and was related to the conductivity and doping process. Studies show that iodine diffusion and conductivity are greatly dependent on the morphology.

Abstract Semi-empirical calculations (PM3 method) are used to check the possibility of an assisted addition of nitrosonium cation on 5-mercapto-1, 2-dithiole-3-ylidene as a mechanism of formation of 5-(1-hydroxyiminoalkyl)-1, 2-dithiole-3-thiones.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Ensuring meiotic DNA break formation in the mouse pseudoautosomal region

Sex chromosomes in males share only a diminutive homologous segment, the pseudoautosomal region (PAR), wherein meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs), pairing, and crossing over must occur for correct segregation. How cells ensure PAR recombination is unknown. Here we delineate cis-and trans-acting factors that control PAR ultrastructure and make the PAR the hottest area of DSB formation in the male mouse genome. Prior to DSB formation, PAR chromosome axes elongate, sister chromatids separate, and DSB-promoting factors hyperaccumulate. These phenomena are linked to mo-2 minisatellite arrays and require ANKRD31 protein. We propose that the repetitive PAR sequence confers unique chromatin and higher order structures crucial for DSB formation, X–Y pairing, and recombination. Our findings establish a mechanistic paradigm of mammalian sex chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Thousands of DNA elimination events occur during somatic differentiation of many ciliated protozoa. In Tetrahymena, the eliminated DNA aggregates into submacronuclear structures containing the protein Pdd1p, a member of the chromodomain family. We disrupted somatic copies of PDD1, eliminating parental expression of the gene early in the sexual phase of the life cycle. Even though zygotic expression, from the undisrupted germline PDD1 copy, is activated before DNA elimination normally occurs, the somatic knockout cells suffer defects in DNA elimination, genome endoduplication, and nuclear resorption, and eventually die, demonstrating that PDD1 is essential and suggesting Pdd1p is directly involved in establishing a chromatin structure required for DNA elimination.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Solution of an inverse problem for mass transfer in a drying process in a magnetic field

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

In this study, mass transfer in deformed porous materials is investigated theoretically and analytical solutions of mass transfer equations for investigated materials are derived. In order to determine the variation of porosity degree of the material versus time and to estimate the region where the variation of effective diffusion coefficient is regular, an inverse ill-posed problem is solved by considering the experimental data concerned with the drying of the porous material. The numerical calculations of concentration profiles and experimental results concerned with the drying of the materials in a magnetic field are given.

On the basis of generalized experimental data obtained by the method of local modeling, the article suggests a method of calculating the heat transfer of a swirled flow of gas suspension in a short channel.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Study and Application of Moving Boundary in POM

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:

POM is a three-dimensional baroclinic ocean model based on the original equation. Continental shelf topography is conveniently used in the model because of σcoordinate. So POM model is widely used in the estuary and coastal region's tidal current simulation. But POM cannot simulate the shoal with its fixed boundary. This paper summarized the moving boundary technique development, analysed the advantages and disadvantages of some methods and then presented a suitable drying-wetting moving boundary technique. Compared with other drying-wetting moving boundary techniques, this method may ensure the water quantity balance and the precision of calculation. The model with this drying-wetting moving boundary has successfully simulated the tidal current of Nantong sea area and reproduced the intertidal zone's intermittent appearance. The verification results indicated that the observed and computed values matched well. The results reflect the true hydrodynamic characteristics.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Principles and Practice of Weight and Strength Training

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

The practical application of exercise theory by strength and conditioning coaches the world over has helped develop exercise research knowledge into effective training methods. Principles and Practice of Weight and Strength Training will cover how to properly prepare yourself for your chosen sport or activity by increasing strength.

An Overview of Developing a Chronic Disease Nursing Service. Documentation. Developing a Freamwork for Practice. Telephone Helplines. Nurse clinics. Not Just Assessing Patienta s Joints. Using The Right tools for The Job. Drug Monitoring, Primary or Secondary Care? The Immune system and new Treatments. Biologic Therapies. Practical Aspects of Care. Joint injections. Leadership and Clinical Governance. The Patienta s Perspective. Working With Organizations.


Question: Study on "Spirit" in Xuanwu Dialect in Henan Province

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

This article analyses the words about spirit in Xuanwu dialect,probes the deep information of "Spirit",and exposes the cultural information of life and death of the condition and belief in the people’s internal world.

The International Journal of Arts Education 59 A Research of Art Action Curriculum which Applied Problem-Based Learning Strategy for Building Civil Aesthetic of Universities’ Students InJAE 5.2 © NTAEC 2007


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Linear and nonlinear spectroscopy of a porphyrin-squaraine-porphyrin conjugated system.

The linear and nonlinear absorption properties of a squaraine-bridged porphyrin dimer (POR-SQU-POR) are investigated using femto-, pico-, and nanosecond pulses to understand intramolecular processes, obtain molecular optical parameters, and perform modeling of the excited-state dynamics. The optical behavior of POR-SQU-POR is compared with its separate porphyrin and squaraine constituent moieties. Linear spectroscopic studies include absorption, fluorescence, excitation and emission anisotropy, and quantum yield measurements. Nonlinear spectroscopic studies are performed across a wide range (∼150 fs, ∼25 ps, and ∼5 ns) of pulsewidths and include two-photon absorption (2PA), single and double pump−probe, and Z-scan measurements with detailed analysis of excited-state absorption induced by both one- and two-photon absorption processes. The 2PA from the constituent moieties shows relatively small 2PA cross sections; below 10 GM (1 GM = 1 × 10−50 cm4 s/photon) for the porphyrin constituent and below 100 GM fo...

Copolymers of N-vinylcarbazole and methyl methacrylate carrying side pyridylquinoline groups are synthesized on the basis of the methacrylol derivative of 2-pyridylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide. It is shown that the copolymers form stable metal-polymer complexes with Ir(ppy)2Cl (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine). The spectral and photoluminescent properties of the metal-polymer complexes are studied.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria (1977-2008)

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Nigeria has the potential to become Sub-Saharan Africa’s largest economy because of its rich human and natural resources but in spite of this, Nigeria is considered to be one of the poorest countries in the world. About 70% of the population live below the poverty line and with an investment rate of barely 10% of GDP, Nigeria is below the minimum investment rate of about 30% of GDP required to reduce poverty. Foreign Direct Investment can provide the capital needed to bridge the savings gap, required to propel economic growth and development. This is an historical and empirical assessement of the story so far and the best ways Nigeria can position effectively to make the most of available capital, generate and sustain global interest in the non-oil sector.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Introduction and Theoretical Framework 1. Korea and Inward Foreign Direct Investment 1962-1992 2. Globalization in the Kim Young-Sam Era: Segyehwa and Inward Foreign 3. The 1997 Financial Crisis and the 'IMF Era': Segyehwa in Transition 4. Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Post-crisis Korea I (1998-2002) 5. Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Post-crisis Korea II (2003-2006) 6. The Republic of Korea, the European Union and the European Free Trade Area (1962-2006) 7. Case Study: European Investors in Post-crisis Korea 8. Conclusions


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Strong coupling series of string tension and mass gap in lattice gauge theory

Abstract We have calculated the strong coupling expansion series for the string tension and mass gap in three-dimensional Z 2 lattice gauge theory using finite-lattice method. The expansion is equivalent to the low temperature expansion of the surface tension and inverse correlation length in D = 3 Ising model. We have obtained the series to order β 34 for the string tension and β 30 for the mass gap, which are about two times longer than those obtained by the standard graphical method.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Motivated by the possibility of an effective string description for the ir limit of pure Yang-Mills theory, we present a toy model for an effective theory of random surfaces propagating in a target space of D > 2. We show that the scaling exponents for the fixed area partition function of the theory are apparently well behaved. We make some observations regarding the usefulness of this toy model.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Boundary-crossing and the localization of capabilities in a Japanese multinational firm

We conducted a case study to explore the challenges encountered by a foreign subsidiary of a Japanese multinational firm when localizing its organizational capabilities in China. Drawing on the concepts of boundaries and boundary-crossing, we identify pragmatic and cultural knowledge boundaries, which denied opportunities for the host-country employees to contribute their local expertise to augment the firm's core capabilities within the domains of research and development and operational protocols. However, within those domains that were regarded as complementary to or peripheral to the firm's core capabilities, host-country employees were granted more scope to cross the associated pragmatic boundaries.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

This case study looks at the experiences of one practitioner in his attempts to introduce a user-centred design framework into the online engineering and financial practices of one of Australia's largest corporations.


Question: Structural characterization of a UHV/CVD-grown SiGe HBT with graded base

Abstract SiGe/Si base heterostructure bipolar transistors (HBTs) were structurally characterized using a variety of techniques. The SiGe base regions were linearly graded with various peak Ge concentrations and boron doping levels, and were grown with a production-ready, ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition system. The peak Ge composition was determined using photoluminescence (PL), high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Boron doping levels were measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and four-point probe (4-pp). PL was found to be especially useful for determining the peak Ge concentration, while AES was used to verify the linearity of the grade. A comparison of SIMS and 4-pp data on several HBT structures indicates that all of the boron dopant atoms are electrically active within the range 7×10 18 –2.2×10 19 cm −3 .

Germanium lasing from Ge-on-Si pnn heterojunction diode structures is demonstrated. Selective growth of highly phosphorus doped Ge in oxide trenches shows a design for CMOS compatible laser integration.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: An Entity-Mention Model for Coreference Resolution with Inductive Logic Programming

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

The traditional mention-pair model for coreference resolution cannot capture information beyond mention pairs for both learning and testing. To deal with this problem, we present an expressive entity-mention model that performs coreference resolution at an entity level. The model adopts the Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) algorithm, which provides a relational way to organize different knowledge of entities and mentions. The solution can explicitly express relations between an entity and the contained mentions, and automatically learn first-order rules important for coreference decision. The evaluation on the ACE data set shows that the ILP based entity-mention model is effective for the coreference resolution task.

Foundations of Semantic Web Reasoning.- Composing Frameworks and Components for Families of Semantic Web Applications.- Semantic Web Logic Programming Tools.- Web Rules Need Two Kinds of Negation.- Reasoning in Practice.- Towards the Adaptive Semantic Web.- On Reasoning on Time and Location on the Web.- Reasoning about Communicating Agents in the Semantic Web.- Query and Rule-Languages.- A Visual Language for Web Querying and Reasoning.- XML Document Adaptation Queries (XDAQ): An Approach to Adaptation Reasoning Using Web Query Languages.- On Types for XML Query Language Xcerpt.- Integrating Description Logics and Answer Set Programming.- Semantics and Knowledge Representation.- Extracting Mathematical Semantics from Documents.- Reasoning in Attempto Controlled English.- Systematics and Architecture for a Resource Representing Knowledge about Named Entities.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The Research of Job Stress and MSDs Symptoms of Small Plants with Agricultural Products

The purpose of this study is to survey job stress and Musculoskeletal Disorder(MSDs) of workers in small plants with agricultural products. The subjects were comprised of 69 workers participated in "Helping the rural women to get the small businesses" project. The questionnaire surveys were Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), and Legal Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders(KOSHA CODE H-30-2003). As a result of the survey, scores of KOSS 8 sub-items except for job demand were similar to that of Korea workers. Prevalence of MSDs symptoms of small plants workers was high percent (44.9%). And the rate according to kinds of product was significant difference at neck (p

Preface Exploring Offence Paralleling Behaviours in Incarcerated Offenders The Chinese Prison System for Female Offenders: A Case Study Social Control, Moral Panics & Prison: Social Harms Produced by the Myth of the New Hyper-Violent Girl Advancing the Study of Solitary Confinement Conducting Treatment in the Prison System: Rehabilitation Research Exploratory Study on Child Care in Prisons Violence Prevention Booster Program: Effects on Knowledge, Attitude, & Recidivism The Challenges of Re-entry from Prison to Society A Theoretical Assessment of the Impact of Unsafe Injecting Practices & Behavioral Change on the Dynamics of HCV & HIV within Correctional Institutions Index.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Examine the Development of Stock-owner Agency Business at Angle of Promoting

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:

With the applying of 《Stock law》every business of our stock market has come to a new stage of legal sytem and standardizing Among these the stock agenly business plays an important role,which is the main source of the stock dealers'profit.So we should seart a overall series thought about how to push the market in agency business from scientific angle in orden to increase the competitive abitity of the stock dealers.

Foreward Ratan N Tata - Ratan N Tata Preface India Inclusive Turning Points Learning Fields Crises of Aspiration Looking for a Crisis of Aspiration Changing Our Clocks New Ways The Tower of Babbling Shaping India Bibliography Index


Question:
represent the following document.
E.g. "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Ultrastructure of cardiac myocytes in the greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica).']" == "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Cardiac myocytes in the left ventricle and atrium of the greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The fine structure showed typical features of mammalian cardiac myocytes. In atrial myocytes, however, the areas occupied by mitochondria were much smaller than that filled with myofibrils. The decrease in mitochondria and the abundance of myofibrils are thought to be an ultrastructural adaptation to the large body size of this species. Many conducting myocytes were observed in both atrium and ventricle. The atrial conducting myocytes were ultrastructurally different from the Purkinje fibers of the ventricle. We suggest that the abundance and the ultrastructural variation of conducting myocytes are related to the physiological aspects, such as body size, of this animal.']" != "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Small mammals were surveyed along a deforestation gradient in southern Gansu, China (2300-2600 m altitude), a high endemicity area for human alveolar echinococcosis. Rodent distribution was assessed using removal trapping in six habitat types from timbered forest to farmland and villages, by index transects, and by the collection of specimens by local people. Species captured were 2 shrews: Anourosorex squamipes, Sorer sinalis; 12 rodents: Eozapus setchuans, Microtus limnophilus, Cricetulus longicaudatus, Tscherskia triton, Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus draco, Apodemus peninsulae, Micromys minutus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Nivienter confucianus, Myospalax fontanieri; and 1 lagomorph Ochotona thibetana. On the basis of trap success four rodent assemblages were recognized. Species richness decreases after deforestation, especially in the intermediate stage (scrubland-grassland).']"

Question: High-temperature filtration measurements at the Isar BWR plant. Volume 2. Final report

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.

This report details results of an analytical program used to assess the performance of an electromagnetic filter at the Isar Nuclear Power Station (KKI) in the Federal Republic of Germany. This installation is the first full-scale (6100 gpm) high-temperature filtration system operating at a nuclear power plant. Performance was characterized for the application of processing high-pressure drains at a BWR. Effects of magnetic field variations and startup/shutdown transients also were tested. Characteristics of the corrosion products were investigated, e.g., particle size, species, isotopic and chemical composition. The study shows that with proper operating conditions and careful selection of the point of application reasonable crud removal efficiencies can be achieved.

A series of Material Interaction Test (MIT) is being conducted. The first test is being conducted in the Dry Surface Storage Demonstration at the EMAD facility on NTS. This paper discusses details of this first test and gives a status report on the MIT series. 17 figures. (DLC)


Question:
represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about
The query could be '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Systems thinking and its contribution to understanding future designer thinking']' and should be close to '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'AbstractDesign is changing in a radical way. The object of design is transforming from tangible objects into services and furthermore, into systems. Increasingly, new insights arise from the interfaces between diverse disciplines – such as art, science and technology – which through various discourses and paradigms have been specialized and driven apart. This discussion paper pinpoints the so-called systems thinkers, hybrid-people, whose methods and habits of work are constituted by the reconciliation of different disciplines. The article aims to bring more understanding to the kind of thinking that is needed in the complex and dynamic environment in which we create and use design today. This discussion paper aims to critically understand the advantages and limitations of applying systems thinking to design. The paper attempts to ponder the question of, what a systems view of the world can offer to the future of design thinking.']' but very far from '["represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title\n\nFor example, 'Applying lime to ameliorate soil acidity has been observed to induce manganese (Mn) deficiency in canola (Brassica napus L.) crops grown on acid sandy soils near Albany and gravelly acid sands of the Great Southern Districts of southwestern Australia. These soils were often Mn-deficient in patches for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production when they were newly cleared for agriculture requiring application of Mn fertilizer to ensure grain yields were not reduced by the deficiency. Since then, these soils have acidified and in the 1990s, canola started to be grown on these soils in rotation with wheat and lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.). These limed soils may now have become marginal to deficient in Mn for canola production. The effect of liming may change the effectiveness of fertilizer Mn. In addition, the effect of liming on the residual value of Mn fertilizer applied to these soils for canola production is unknown. Therefore, a glasshouse experiment was conducted using Mn deficient sand. Three levels...' should be close to 'Manganese Deficiency in Canola Induced by Liming to Ameliorate Soil Acidity'", 'This artide attempts to deal with the strategies and measures of the development of human resources by exploiting some new ways of service in the library']'

Question: Improving Generalisation Performance Through Multiobjective Parsimony Enforcement

This paper describes POPE-GP, a system that makes use of the NSGA-II multiobjective evolutionary algorithm as an alternative, parameter-free technique for eliminating program bloat. We test it on a classification problem and find that while vastly reducing program size, the technique does improve generalisation performance.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.

A. Filippidis, M. Russo, L.C. Jain: Novel Extension of ART2 in Surface Landmine Detection.- M. Blume: An Efficient Mapping of Fuzzy ART onto a Neural Architecture.- M. Blume, D.A. Van Blerkom: Fuzzy ARTMAP Modifications for Intersecting Class Distributions.- A.-H. Tan: Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory and Rules.- G. Bartfai, R. White: Incremental Learning and Optimization of Hierarchical Clusterings with ART-Based Modular Networks.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part I - Architectures and Algorithms.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part II - Applications.- T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Estimation of the generalized covariance function: II. A response surface approach

A procedure is proposed that employs first-moment estimation (kriging), cross-validation, and response surface analysis to estimate parameters of a generalized covariance function. Results from application of this procedure to two data sets are given.

In this paper,provide that the prior distribution of exponential parameter distribution is Gamma distribution,the expected Bayesian estimation and hierarchical Bayesian estimation under Entropy Loss function were given out.


Question: Physics-based modeling of nonplanar nanodevices (FinFETs) and their response to radiation

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

The paper presents details of our physics-based three-dimensional (3D) device modeling coupled in mixed-mode with external load circuit and parasitics, which enabled accurate simulation of single-event effects (SEEs) in nonplanar nano-scale devices, such as MultiGate Field Effect Transistors (MuGFETs) or FinFETs. We show the importance of correct device physics models, including mobility in different crystal planes of strained silicon, as well as effects of parasitics and load circuit modeling, for correct computation of both steady-state and transient characteristics of FinFETs. Mixed-mode coupling of a realistic load circuit, including experimental parasitics, with the 3D TCAD device model, is critical to be able to compute single-event transient current waveforms and charge collection characteristics that reflect well experimental results.

Absence of p-n junctions and associated electrical drawbacks coupled with the ease of fabrication of multi-gate (MG) architectures have rendered junctionless transistor (JLT) a promising candidate for future very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits in line with the Moore's law. In this paper, we have presented a comparative analysis on the performance of double gate (DG) and Gate-all-around (GAA) JLTs along with the underlying analytical expressions used for such computations and the same has also been validated. The effect of variation of different device parameters such as oxide thickness, body thickness, doping concentration etc. on some electrical characteristics of DG and GAA MOSFETs have been investigated. We have also explored the impact of variation of aspect ratio and the use of multiple channels on the performance of GAA JLTs.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Study of Fire Appraisal Method According to Electrical Fire Hazards of Hair Dryer

In this study, investigation and appraisal method for the scene of a fire according to electrical fire hazards of hair dryer which is usually used at living space are presented. Hair dryer is briefly composed of heating part, wind part and control part. Electrical fire hazards of hair dryer are insulation destruction of power cord, ignition by overheat of heating coil, scattering spark on inside dust, overheat of motor by fan shackle, ignition by carelessness of user, and so on. Fire cause by hair dryer can be perceived through investigation about half-disconnection of power cord, contact badness of power plug, verification of heating coil, fan and switch. These results are expected to be utilized effectively in a countermeasure to prevent an electrical fire by hair dryer.

Wind Characteristics: Strong Winds and Tropical Cyclones. Wind Characteristics: Long Term Wind Statistics. Wind Loading of Tall Buildings. Wind Loading of Low Rise Structures. Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques for Wind Loading. Safety and Risk: Wind Codes Low Rise Building Wind Resistant Design. Wind Loading of Chimneys and Cooling Towers. Wind Loading of Bridges. Wind Loading of Cables and Transmission Lines. Wind Loading of Towers and Offshore Platforms. Fundamentals of Bluff Body Aerodynamics. Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Mathematical Models of Wind Loading. Internal Pressures, Natural Ventilation and Heat Losses Due to Wind. Topographic Modelling, Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants. Wind Environment and Shelter. Wind Characteristics: Structure and Statistics. Wind Characteristics: Flow Over Hills and Ridges. Wind Power Systems. Appendices.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Fast chemistry in microwave fields: Nucleophilic 18F-radiofluorinations of aromatic molecules

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Abstract Nucleophilic aromatic radiofluorinations with [18F]fluoride in a microwave field were investigated in activated, partially deactivated and deactivated aromatic compounds. A coaxial resonance microwave cavity was used to produce a well-defined electromagnetic field in the samples. The leaving group on the aromatic rings as well as the ortho, meta and para orientation of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents were varied. Yields comparable to or better than those reported for thermal treatments were obtained in very short reaction times (≤0.5 min, i.e. 1 20th – 1 40th the thermal times) with very low microwave intensity and followed the trend of reactivity expected from the substrates activation for nucleophilic substitution.

Catalytic amounts of zinc, as low as 10 mol %, in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) initiate the radical addition of perfluoroalkyl iodides to terminal alkynes with high regio- and stereoselectivities. Palladium-mediated cross-coupling of these (E)-perfluoroalkyl vinyl iodides allows for a facile synthesis of potentially useful fluoroorganic intermediates.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: New Class; of Microwave Shielding Materials1

AbstractThe use of metal fibres in microwave shielding materials was investigated. These fibres were incorporated into textiles and rigid or flexible insulators, These new materials have an excellent shielding effectiveness combined with interesting mechanical and antistatic properties increasing the equipment safety.

MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.

Question: Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in systemic amyloidosis

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

The occurrence of clinical manifestations of mechanical intestinal obstruction in eight cases of systemic amyloidosis is reported. Seven similar cases have been recorded in the literature and are briefly reviewed. Correct diagnosis is important in these cases if useless surgical treatment or prolonged diagnostic investigations are to be avoided. Gastrointestinal involvement by systemic amyloidosis should be considered in a patient presenting with clinical manifestations of mechanical obstruction but paralytic ileus seen on plain films. In these cases an attempt should be made, by means of a barium enema, to exclude an obstructing lesion of the colon or distal small bowel. Once amyloidosis is considered, it can be confirmed easily and safely by biopsy of the rectal or small-intestinal mucosa.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

A 61 year old patient presented with muscular atrophy and weakness, predominant at the shoulder girdle, as the first manifestation of a progressive systemic sclerosis with the signs of the CREST syndrome: subcutaneous calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophagus disorders, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia. The histological features were consistent with polymyositis. In spite of corticotherapy, total recovery was not obtained. The nosological relationships with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease is discussed. Myositis is infrequent in progressive systemic sclerosis and corticosteroid therapy is discussed.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Health Promotion and Health Service/Program Use on an Urban Campus in the U.S.

The purpose of the present study was to find the main predictors for the utilization of campus health-related services in order to figure out the help-seeking process of urban graduate students seeking a healthy life. Of 2,400 students, 536 were randomly selected (response rate: 22%) and recruited. ...

Teacher Knowledge of LGBT Issues and Student Bullying of LGBT Classmates in Japan: Report of Incidence and Community Based Programs to Address Identified Problems. (Community) Makiko Kasai; International Journal of Psychology


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: BP EXPLOSION UNDER SCRUTINY: Many companies tolerate risky practices that may lead to DEADLY ACCIDENTS, chemical safety board says

A CRISIS IN "corporate cultural behavior" created conditions that led to the deaths of 15 workers and injuries to 180 more at BP's Texas City, Texas, refinery, says the head of the Chemical Safety & Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). Carolyn W. Merritt points to a history of corporate cost cutting that resulted in maintenance, safety, and plant infrastructure deterioration. "The experience at BP should serve as a cautionary tale to every oil and chemical company," says Merritt. "The problems at BP are not unique to one refinery, one division, or one corporation." She points to a growing acceptance of high-risk industrial operations by U.S. corporations. She warns that this behavior is establishing a dangerous pattern throughout industry. At BP, company spokesman Neil Chapman, says: "There was a culture where people at the refinery accepted higher levels of risk than they should have, and there was no feedback loop from past ...

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

NURSE PRACTITIONERS need prescribing rights now, the conference was told.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Method of modulating glucose metabolism

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

(57) Abstract: The present invention, pantethine daily predetermined time or within a vertebrate requiring administration of cysteamine, Revised Method of metabolism. The method hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance syndrome and are useful in the treatment of hyperinsulinemia.

Discloses novel bisphosphonate compounds, and methods of preparing the cyclic acetal compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compound and said compound is administered in treating metabolic bone disorders such as abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism process.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: EFFECT OF LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE ON ADIABATIC PASSAGE IN A SUPERCONDUCTING NANOCIRCUIT

Recent experiments have demonstrated coherent phenomena in three-level systems based on superconducting nanocircuits. This opens the possibility to detect Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) in artificial atoms. Low-fequency noise (often 1/f) is one of the main sources of decoherence in these systems, and we study its effect on the transfer efficiency. We propose a way to analyze low frequency fluctuations in terms of fictitious correlated fluctuations of external parameters. We discuss a specific implementation, namely the Quantronium setup of a Cooper-pair box, showing that optimizing the trade-off between efficient coupling and protection against noise may allow us to observe coherent population transfer in this nanodevice.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Preparation of Hydrazones: Acetophenone Hydrazone

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.

Preparation of hydrazones: acetophenone hydrazone ::: ::: ::: ::: intermediate: acetophenone N,N-dimethylhydrazone ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: product: acetophenone hydrazone ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: Keywords: ::: ::: enamine or imine formation; ::: reduction, miscellaneous; ::: hydrazines

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

1. ::: ::: The reaction of magnesium with p-dibromobenzene and chlorotrimethylsilane was investigated and it was shown that there is simultaneous formation of p-bromophenyltrimethylsilane and p-bistrimethylsilylbenzene in the proportions of 4.4∶1. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: The new compounds, p-bromophenylchloromethylphenylsilane and p-bromophenylethoxymethylphenylsilane, were synthesized.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Structuring ordered nominal data for event sequence discovery

This work investigates using n-gram processing and a temporal relation encoding to providing relational information about events extracted from media streams. The event information is temporal and nominal in nature being categorized by a descriptive label or symbolic means and can be difficult to relationally compare and give ranking metrics. Given a parsed sequence of events, relational information pertinent to comparison between events can be obtained through the application of n-grams techniques borrowed from speech processing and temporal relation logic. The procedure is discussed along with results computed using a representative data set characterized by nominal event data.

The KDD community has described a multitude of methods for knowledge discovery on large datasets. We consider some of these methods and integrate them into an analyst s workflow that proceeds from the data-centric descriptive level to the model-centric causal level. Examples of the workflow are shown for the Health Indicators Warehouse, which is a public database for community health information that is a potent resource for conducting data science on a medium scale. We demonstrate the potential of HIW as a source of serious visual analytics efforts by showing correlation matrix visualizations, multivariate outlier analysis, multiple linear regression of Medicare costs, and scatterplot matrices for a broad set of health indicators. We conclude by sketching the first steps toward a causal dependence hypothesis.


Question:
represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

E.g.
['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!', 'Determination of rabeprazole in human plasma with high-performance liquid chromatography and its application'] == ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:', 'OBJECTIVE To establish a HPLC method for the determination of rabeprazole sodium in human plasma.METHODS Rabeprazole sodium and tramadol(I.S.)were separated on a Phenomenex Gemini C18analytical column(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm)using an isocratic mobile phase of 0.02 mol·L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer(adjusted to pH7.3 with phosphoric acid)/acetonitrile(65/35,v/v)at 1.0ml·min-1,under 45℃,the wavelength was set at 283 nm.RESULTS The linear range of rabeprazole sodium was established at 10-2000μg·L-1(r2=0.998),its mean extraction recovery was(86.35±8.06)%,~(93.67±1.78)% the intra-and inter-batch precision were 2.05%-7.92% and 3.20%-9.91%,and the accuracy was(99.68±2.41)%,~(102.90±8.10)%.CONCLUSION The HPLC method was specific,accurate and rapid,which is suitable for pharmacokinetic study.'] != ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'P aromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of various bacterial infections. In humans, paromomycin has been used to treat leishmaniasis due to its low toxicity and cost effectiveness relative to other antibiotics (1). The current U.S. Pharmacopeia compendial method for assaying paromomycin uses a microbial assay (2), which lacks specificity, accuracy, and is time-consuming. In addition, microbial assays do not identify the active ingredient(s) or yield information on the total composition of the antibiotic formulation. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of electrolytically generated potassium hydroxide eluent with a CarboPac® PA1 anionexchange column and IPAD for determination of paromomycin in a bulk pharmaceutical formulation.']

Question: Validation of a computer aided design tool for assessing building thermal performance characteristics

Computer aided design (CAD) tools of various complexities are being used extensively to predict the energy performance of buildings. A simple user-friendly CAD software was employed to estimate the cooling load profile of an energy efficient institutional building as a case study. At the same time, its air conditioning load pattern was measured and was found to be in good agreement with the predicted values. ::: ::: ::: ::: Parametric studies were carried out to assess the contribution of the various features incorporated in this energy efficient building. The results show that, by using such a simple tool, it is possible to identify the modifications which contribute to appreciable energy and demand reductions, and to gauge their economic viability. Such CAD tools are suitable not only for analysing new constructions at the design stage, but also for retrofitting of existing buildings.

The primary objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using discrete event simulation (DES) modeling to estimate the effects on system performance of changes in the human, hardware, and software elements of radiation medicine delivery methods.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Waiting for the word : Dietrich Bonhoeffer on speaking about God, F. de Lange : book review

Extracted from text ... De Lange, F - Waiting for the word: Dietrich Bonhoeffer on speaking about God ::: (Translated by Martin N Walton from Dutch) ::: Publishers: Grand Rapids/Cambridge: William B Eerdmans Publishing Company. Soft Cover, vii + 154 Pages. Price: unknown. 2000. ::: Reviewer: Dr G M J van Wyk (Vanderbiljpark) ::: The popular presentation of Bonhoeffer is that of a secularised theologian renowned for his diagnosis of a world that came of age, who propagated a non-religious interpretation of the Bible, or that of a member of the resistance movement against Hitler, who was jailed and executed for his part ..

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Book review of: ::: Inheritance: the story of Knole and the Sackvilles by Robert Sackville-West; ::: Hancox: a house and a family by Charlotte Moore; ::: At home: a short history of private life by Bill Bryson.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: NFkappaB decoy delivery using dendritic poly(l-lysine) for treatment of endotoxin-induced hepatitis in mice.

Mono-dispersed, 6th generation dendritic poly(l-lysine) (KG6) forms a stable complex with plasmid DNA and this complex can circulate in vivo for extended times before the DNA finally accumulates in the liver. In this study, we attempted to use KG6 as a carrier of NFkappaB decoy oligonucleotide to the liver to treat hepatitis, induced by lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine. KG6 formed a complex with the NFkappaB decoy. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were dramatically suppressed in the hepatitis mouse model after intravenous injection of KG6/NFkappaB decoy complexes. Expression levels of several cytokines and proteins related to the inflammatory reaction were also suppressed by intravenous administration of KG6/NFkappaB decoy complexes. Because [(32)P] NFkappaB decoy was found in non-parenchymal cells after intravenous injection, KG6 has been shown to be a promising carrier molecule of various oligonucleotides to non-parenchymal liver cells, including Kupffer cells.

Autophagy induced by DAMPs facilitates the inflammation response in lungs undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury through promoting TRAF6 ubiquitination


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Investigation into the Present Condition of Table Tennis Coaches in Fujian Province

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title!

Based on some questionnaires,interviews,documentation and logical analysis on the present condition of table tennis coaches in Fujian,this subject tries to investigate into the age structure,academic structure,title structure,life coaching,sports hierarchy,published papers,information obtained,the formulation plan,participation training,the training reference program and the training time guaranteed and so on.The purpose of this paper is to enhance the management of table tennis coaches and the level of training and to provide references for this as well.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

To give you a sense - "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Advances in data intensive computing and high performance computing facilitate rapid scaling of data center networks, resulting in a growing body of research exploring new network architectures that enhance scalability, cost effectiveness and performance. Understanding the tradeoffs between these different network architectures could not only help data center operators improve deployments, but also assist system designers to optimize applications running on top of them. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of several well known data center network architectures using important metrics, and present our results on different network topologies. We show the tradeoffs between these topologies and present implications on practical data center implementations.']" should be close to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'A comparative analysis of data center network architectures']"

Preface Exploring Offence Paralleling Behaviours in Incarcerated Offenders The Chinese Prison System for Female Offenders: A Case Study Social Control, Moral Panics & Prison: Social Harms Produced by the Myth of the New Hyper-Violent Girl Advancing the Study of Solitary Confinement Conducting Treatment in the Prison System: Rehabilitation Research Exploratory Study on Child Care in Prisons Violence Prevention Booster Program: Effects on Knowledge, Attitude, & Recidivism The Challenges of Re-entry from Prison to Society A Theoretical Assessment of the Impact of Unsafe Injecting Practices & Behavioral Change on the Dynamics of HCV & HIV within Correctional Institutions Index.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Pilocarpine administration by contact lens.

A previous investigation had indicated that pilocarpine delivered to the eye by means of a hydrophilic contact lens provided better control of the intraocular pressure over a longer period and with a smaller concentration of pilocarpine. To clarify the situation further, an animal experiment was undertaken with radioactive labelled pilocarpine. Three situations were compared: pilocarpine administered by a contact lens, by drops, and by subconjunctival injection. The results indicated that the contact lens gave a greater concentration of the pilocarpine in the iris and ciliary body than either the drops or the subconjunctival pilocarpine. A high concentration of pilocarpine was achieved in the conjunctiva with drop administration and was comparable to that of subconjunctival administration.

The method of the present invention for the administration of tiotropium containing (the tiotropium) of powder formulation by inhalation.


Question: Technology Spillover and Licensing Strategy of Patentee

The optimal license proportions with and without technology spillover are analyzed with a game-theoretical approach when a patent-holding firm licensed non-drastic process innovation to his incumbent rivals by means of a first price sealed bid auction. The optimal strategy is obtained through solving the game by backward induction. It is found that the range of optimal license proportion is narrower when there is spillover compared to the no spillover case.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: A new and novel amide bond cleavage of N-methoxymethylpyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-diones by hydride reduction via 3-aza-Grob fragmentation

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Abstract A novel amide bond cleavage of N -methoxymethylpyrrolo[2,1- c ][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-diones by hydride reduction in high yield is described. MOM-protected dilactams 1 undergo ring-opening when treated with metal hydride via 3-aza-Grob fragmentation.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper
E.g. ['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title For instance, <<Nowadays, Internet faces growing demand for carrying on multimedia traffic. Therefore, many standardization bodies work on solutions, which introduce service differentiation and QoS guarantees for Internet protocols. However, all new modifications made in the network (IP) layer would be of little value without complementary solutions implemented in lower layers. Applying of service differentiation mechanisms into the MAC (Medium Access Control) level is a challenging task, especially for wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), due to their dynamic nature. In this paper, we propose a QoS support scheme for the IEEE 802.11 standard, based on strict frame priorities.>>  to "Priority-based Transmission in IEEE 802.11 Networks"', 'The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of trypsin in the intestinal content of the Thai tilapia male submitted to four different water temperatures. Fingerlings with 0.835 ± 0.004 g initial body weight were distributed in fishbowls with temperatures of 20, 24, 28 and 32oC. They were fed the same diet and maintained under these conditions until the 55th day of the experiment. The tilapias were removed from the fishbowls and immediately placed on ice for death and to halt the enzymatic activity. The middle and posterior intestines were removed and placed in 2 mL polyethylene flasks. The samples were centrifuged to determine the trypsin activity in the supernatant by using N-Benzoil-D, L-arginina p-nitroanilida (D,L-BApNA) as substrate -and later reading in an optical spectrophotometer. Male Thai tilapia submitted to 32oC increased tripsin activity and decreased specific tripsin activity.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Trypsin activity in chyme of Thai tilapia submitted to different water temperatures']

Thermolysis of trialkyl 4-alkylthio-12bH-1,4-thiazepino[5,4-a]isoquinoline-1,2,5-tricarboxytates in refluxing xylene did not afford the usually expected desulfurized products such as benzoquinolizine derivatives (5), but formed trialkyl 2-(1-isoquinolinyl)-4-alkylthio-2,3-dihydrothiophene-2,3,5-tricarboxytates (4) in low to moderate yields. A similar treatment of the title compounds in the presence of a base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene gave ring contraction and fragmentation products, trialkyl pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-1,2,3-tricarboxylates in moderate yields. 1,5-Sigmatropic shift of 7-thianorcardiene intermediates is involved in the formation of 2-(1-quinolinyl)-2,3-dihydrothiophene derivatives.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Genetic Diversity Estimation of Maize Cultivars Based on Protein Profiles in Different Conditions

Maize is the highest yielding cereal in the world containing tremendous variation in morphological and physiological traits. This diversity allows it to be cultivated in a range of environment. Knowledge of maize genetic diversity is essential for its germplasm conservation, planning breeding programmes etc. salt soluble proteins are suitable for characterization of maize cultivars as they correspond to functional genome polymorphism. In this s tudy protein profiling of 21 maize cultivars were done in different denaturing conditions (i.e. ph 2.8 ’ 6.8) of SDS-PAGE. Here more amount and number of bands were detected in neutral denaturing condition. Dendograms were constructed on the basis of UPGMA(Unweighted Pair Group Average Method) cluster analysis based on similarity matrix of the above state protein profiles. Dendogram revealed clustering of maize cultivars in neutral condition which was absent in acidic denaturing condition.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

1. Profound and Useful Discoveries.- 2. Comparison of the Efficiency of Nitrate and Nitrogen Fixation in Crop Yield.- 3. Nitrate Uptake, Production and Transport in the Whole Plant.- 4. Carbon and Nitrogen Partitioning in the Whole Plant - a Thesis based on Empirical Modeling.- 5. Relationships between Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthesis.- 6. Photosynthate Limitation of Symbiotic N2 Fixation.- 7. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism.- 8. Seed Storage Proteins: Genetics, Synthesis, Accumulation and Protein Quality.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Galaxy rotation curves and the deceleration parameter in weak gravity

We present a theory of weak gravity parameterized by a fundamental frequency $\omega_0 = \sqrt{1-q}H$ of the cosmoloogical horizon, where $H$ and $q$ denote the Hubble and, respectively, deceleration parameter. It predicts (i) a $C^0$ onset to weak gravity across accelerations $\alpha = a_{dS}$ in galaxy rotation curves, where $a_{dS}=cH$ denotes the de Sitter acceleration with velocity of light $c$, and (ii) fast evolution $Q(z)=dq(z)/dz$ of the deceleration parameter by $\Lambda=\omega_0^2$ satisfying $Q_0>2.5$, $Q_0=Q(0)$, distinct from $Q_0\lesssim1$ in $\Lambda$CDM. The first is identified in high resolution data of Lellie et al.(2017), the second in heterogeneous data on $H(z)$ over $0<z<2$. A model-independent cubic fit in the second rules out $\Lambda$CDM by $4.35\sigma$ and obtains $H_0=74.0\pm 2.2$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ consistent with Riess et al. (2016). Comments on possible experimental tests by the LISA Pathfinder are included.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.

We show that an interaction between dark matter and dark energy generically results in an effective dark-energy equation of state of w<-1. This arises because the interaction alters the redshift dependence of the matter density. An observer who fits the data treating the dark matter as noninteracting will infer an effective dark-energy fluid with w<-1. We argue that the model is consistent with all current observations, the tightest constraint coming from estimates of the matter density at different redshifts. Comparing the luminosity and angular-diameter distance relations with {lambda}CDM and phantom models, we find that the three models are degenerate within current uncertainties but likely distinguishable by the next generation of dark-energy experiments.


Question:
represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

E.g.
"['Represent', 'Grief, multiple loss and dementia']" == "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "Abstract Alzheimer's disease and the other dementias bring with them multiple losses for the person with dementia, their spouse and family, and professional caregivers. The person with dementia will experience the major losses of memory, role and autonomy, and ultimately of identity and selfhood. Their spouse and other family members may lose the person they knew and loved, as well as their hopes and expectations for the future, and even their home, social networks and other important sources of identity and support. Their bereavement may start long before the person dies. Professional caregivers too may experience loss when a long-term relationship with a client and their family is brought to a sudden end by the death. This article reviews these losses and how bereavement counsellors and supporters can help."]" != "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Journals, search strategies, books, websites, and organizations to enhance practitioner cultural competency The intersection of mental health and physical health']"

Question: High intensity x-ray line emission from aluminum plasmas generated by a 120 TW, 30 fs laser pulse

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

The K-shell x-ray spectra from the aluminum plasmas generated by the interaction of the 120TW, 30fs laser with aluminum targets have been measured by defocusing the laser beam. Laser energy-normalized intensity of the He-a line increases with the laser intensity approximately as a power law e∝ILγ with the much smaller exponent of γ=0.062 compared to γ=0.2∼0.5 in the previous experiments, which is caused by the stronger radial thermal diffusivity in the target for the smaller laser spot. Laser-to-He-a line conversion efficiency of up to 1.9×10−3 and as high as about 3×1013 photons/2π Sr aluminum He-a line x-ray source have been achieved for a single shot due to the preplasma effect and relatively large laser spot and energy for the single shot. The x-ray spectra as a function of the laser intensity are also analyzed to get the electron temperature and density.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Pulses having an energy of 1 J with an angular distribution width close to the diffraction limit were obtained at the exit of a four-pass amplifier operating at a repetition frequency of 20–25 Hz.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.

Question: Present sitlation of Grassland rodent and pest and suggestion of control

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

From investigation,area of rodents and pests reached to 683700ha in Huangnan prsfecture.tatal utilizable area was 42.12%.Damage of hercage readled to 72707200kg each year for rodent.Damage of berhage reached to 357041200 for pest.Total Damage of herbage was equal 176600 sheep unit,econmic damage reacheel to 35321800 yuan,So measurement of contral shoud be taken to increase economic benifit.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:

This paper presents an analylis of the situation and th e existent problems about barley production and a probe of developing barely in Ji ang su Provinec.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: System and method for secure, transparent and continuous synchronization of access credentials in any system a third side

A process comprising: Receiving forwarded authenticated provided by a user access credentials through an authentication client that communicates with at least one component of a third party in connection that is operable to protect one or more portions of a client system; Performing a first experiment, the forwarded authenticated user provided access credentials with the locally stored. authentications to authenticate a third side of the add-on authentication client by hashing the forwarded authenticated user provided access credentials to obtain a hash result; Decrypting a root key using the hash result; Comparing a hash value to ensure that the root key has been correctly decoded; and Unlocking of one or more sections of the client system, which are protected by the component of a third page, in response to the forwarded authentication authenticated Benutzerzugriffsbe glaubigungen using the locally stored credentials to a third page.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Methods, apparatus, systems and computer program products are presented to optimize the presentation of media content, such as advertising content on a wireless device. The present aspects provide a determination at a wireless device on which wireless content, based on past user usage behavior that is stored locally. In this regard, the methods, apparatus, and systems presented are entirely wireless device-based, so that any media content from back-end servers or other network devices can be communicated to and / or displayed on the wireless device. There is no need to intervene in determining whether there is. Therefore, the present aspects provide a simple and economical approach to targeted media content presentation that additionally provides a privacy level for the wireless device user.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Analysis on the evolvement of urban spatial configuration in Yangquan

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Combined with the development of Yangquan city,the author discusses the evolving process of urban spatial configuration,in order to search the development rule of city,to control and lead development trend and functional structure arrangement of city in the future,and to make the development of urban spatial configuration sustainable.

This Paper summaries the value,the range and the effect of the wide spread application of the light weight steel building in Xinji Mine.


Question: Represent the natural language

Question: Improvement of cabinet cooling methods for the electric control of textile equipment

The damage reason of overheated electronic component on textile equipment was analyzed,and the key problem to consider in the design process of the cabinet cooling controlled by electrics was discussed.The example of changing cooling system was introduced.After change,the dust of control box significantly reduced,with low temperature and less phenomenon of cash and component damage.

This article discusses the construction of highly efficient algorithms of vision system to control the appearance of nonmetallic tubular products.


Question: MVCC Libraries: How-To: Identify Scholarly and Non-Scholarly Periodicals: What is Peer Reviewed?

This guide will allow you to see what the difference is between scholarly and non-scholarly periodicals.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title!

Contents: Preface. Case Study Research in Applied Linguistics. Defining, Describing, and Defending Case Study Research. Examples of Case Studies in Applied Linguistics. How to Conduct and Evaluate Case Studies (Part 1). How to Conduct and Evaluate Case Studies (Part 2). Writing the Case Study Report.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.

Question: Study on optimal model of railway passenger transference based on individual demand and its applications

When railway passengers chose a scheme for a travel,they often had to get transference as no through passenger train between the origin and destination.Based on the information of passenger train timetable,it was consider reasonably the various factors which affecting the passenger transference,and then set the corresponding priority based on individual demand and defined the sum of the various factors as a travel generalized time function,and now abstract scheme of passenger transference to shortest path problem through reconstructing a rational railway passenger transfer network.After that,it built up a simple mathematical model of dynamic programming and designed the A-star algorithm to fit the Model.At last,the transference scheme which met the individual demand of railway passengers could be figured out easily through the computer programming.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

In order to provide a more cost-efficient and environmentally-friendly logistics service in economic activity of cities, an innovative urban logistics transport system based on the existing intensive public transit network is proposed. In comparison with current dedicated freight operating mode in the logistics industry, this new freight system could give goods a ride on the basis of transporting passenger flow and remarkably reduce the freight fleet of logistics enterprises. In this paper the structure of the public transit-based logistics transport system is preliminarily introduced and the service procedure of executing transport tasks is displayed. An urban transit-based freight system is designed for a chosen mid-size city of China, with regard to the characteristic of local logistics service, and the results indicate a considerable system benefit compared with the previous logistics system.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: QCD at non-zero density and phenomenology

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

In the last few years, numerical simulations of QCD on the lattice have reached a new level of accuracy. A wide range of thermodynamic observables is now available in the continuum limit and for physical quark masses. This allows a quantitative comparison with measurements from heavy ion collisions. I will review the state-of-the-art results from lattice simulations of QCD thermodynamics and connect them to experimental measurements from RHIC, in view of the second Beam Energy Scan scheduled for 2019-2020.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

We present analytical results for the equation of state for hot gluon plasma obtained with an effective perturbation based on hard thermal loops resummation theory. The effective two-loop results depend on Debye screening and finite width of gluons as physical parameters. Considering next-to-leading Debye mass and finite width effects, we find the equation of state to be in good agreement with recent lattice results for T≳2Tc.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Mesozoic rocks from the Hebrides Shelf and implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity in the northern Rockall Trough

Abstract Shallow boreholes drilled in the West Lewis and West Flannan Basins (outer Hebrides Shelf) have proved rocks of probable latest Bajocian-Bathonian to Barremian age, where previously a mainly Permo-Triassic infill has been assumed. The full geological succession of the basins remains unproved. Although the Permo-Triassic history of the basins may be similar, the rocks encountered suggest that the basins may have dissimilar geological histories during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Lithologies are mainly fine grained, poorly sorted sandstones or organic-rich mudstones. Some correlation can be made with the Isle of Skye and the West Shetland area. The sandstones are poor hydrocarbon reservoirs but the Middle Jurassic and Ryazanian mudstones, although immature where drilled, have excellent oil source rock potential and may have generated large amounts of hydrocarbons if they are present at depth in the adjacent northern Rockall Trough.

A study of the geological history and hydrocarbon prospectivity of Concession 9 and its surrounding area in northwest Libya (fig 1), has been undertaken, based on the interpretation of about 1000 km of seismic reflection data and information from 15 wells. One third of the seismic coverage is onland and ties to a well to the south of the Concession. The remaining coverage is offshore and ties to two wells to the north of the Concession. The study area is situated in the northern part of the onshore Jeffara Basin and extends northward across the Libyan continental shelf into the southern flank of the offshore Gabes-Tripoli-Misurata Basin.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Convolution Neural Network based Video Coding Technique using Reference Video Synthesis

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

In this paper, we propose a novel video coding technique that uses a virtual reference (VR) video frame, synthesized by a convolution neural network (CNN) for an inter-coding. Specifically, an encoder generates a VR frame from a video interpolation CNN (VI-CNN) using two reconstructed pictures, i.e., one from the forward reference frames and the other from the backward reference frames. The VR frame is included into the reference picture lists to exploit further temporal correlation in motion estimation and compensation. It is demonstrated by the experimental results that the proposed technique shows about 1.4% BD-rate reductions over the HEVC reference test model (HM 16.9) as an anchor in a Random Access (RA) coding scenario.

Signal Analysis. Linear Systems. Probability and Random Analysis. Baseband Transmission. Amplitude Modulation. Angle Modulation. Source Encoding. Channel Encoding. Baseband Digital Communication. Digital Modulation. Design Consideration. Appendices: References Fourier Transforms Pairs Error Function Q Function.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: A 3.3 V 32 Mb NAND flash memory with incremental step pulse programming scheme

While the performance of flash memory exceeds hard disk drives in almost every category, the cost of flash memory must come down in order to gain wider acceptance in mass storage applications. This paper describes a 3.3 V-only 32 Mb NAND flash memory that achieves not only high performance but also low cost with a 94.9 mm/sup 2/ die size, improved yields, and a simple process with 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Die size is reduced by eliminating high voltage operation on the bitlines through a self boosted program inhibit voltage generation scheme. Incremental-step-pulse programming results in a 2.3 MB/s program data rate as well as improved process variation tolerance. Interleaved data paths and a boosted wordline results in a 25 ns burst cycle time and a 24 MB/s read data rate. Maximum operating current is less than 8 mA.

This brief presents a negative bias temperature instability (BTI)/positive BTI-aware write-wordline (WWL) voltage control technique for improving degraded cell stability of half-selected cells without extra power consumption. After BTI aging, the proposed lowering WWL voltage recovers the degraded cell stability without scarifying the write margin. Finally, we also present a sample circuit implementation of the proposed WWL voltage control scheme.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!

Question: Typical phonemic and phonological development of three year old Sri Lankan Tamil – speaking children in the Colombo district

Shakeela, Saleem & Shyamini Hettiarachchi Department of Disability Studies, University of Kelaniya Background: In Sri Lanka, speech and language therapists currently use standardized English language norms in clinical practice for diagnosis and when planning intervention for speech disorders. Cross linguistic studies have shown that languages have both universal and specific features; the norms of one language can thus not be applied to another. So, the need to obtain language specific normative data of speech development for children in Sri Lanka is essential for assessment and differential diagnoses.

Purpose One feature of literate language, noun phrase elaboration, was examined in the oral fictional narratives of school-aged children. Method Two narratives were elicited from 5-, 8- and 11-year...


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: The Gas Target Model for the Vysehrad 4 Region: Conceptual Analysis

The Gas Target Model is a challenge, notably for the less than large European markets that are fostered to merge in order to boost liquidity. Th challenge is even tougher for the Vysehrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia), which have long been dependent on Russian supplies and are therefore characterised by less open markets than their Western neighbours. This paper analyses the reality of the V4 countries vis -a-vis the European Gas Target Model, starting from their current and expected infrastructural endowment, and suggests ways to develop and implement it in the most efficient way for them and for the EU as a whole.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: China's Privatization: From Gradualism to Shock Therapy?

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:

A major breakthrough in China9s privatization occurred in May 2005, when a ““share conversion”” pilot reform program was introduced. This article will situate this in the perspective of China9s two-decade-long shareholding system reform. It will argue that the ““share conversion”” reform is part of China9s long-followed gradualist transition, instead of a switch to shock therapy.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

E.g. ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "Energy heterogeneity is ubiquitous in wireless sensor networks. Because of nodes' initial energy of multi-level energy heterogeneity in wireless sensor networks distributing within a certain scope randomly, this paper proposed an Energy-efficient clustering routing algorithm which is suit to the heterogeneous environments in wireless sensor networks to economize the nodes' energy exploiting the energy heterogeneity and to extend the stability period of the network. The nodes of the cluster select the cluster head based on the current residual energy and the distance to the cluster centroid, and then accomplish the collection of data and the two-hop data transmission. The simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm balances the energy consumption among sensor nodes much better and prolongs the WSNs life time efficiently. Index Terms - Wireless sensor network, energy heterogeneity, energy efficiency, clustering routing algorithm. I. Introduction"] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!', 'Energy-efficient clustering routing algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks']

Introduction: What Is the Challenge? Does China Have an "Infinite" World Market Frontier? Is China Able to Innovate? Is China Capable to Innovate? Can the Chinese Government Accommodate Innovation? Beyond the Last Frontier: Can Global Capitalism be Saved? Conclusions Bibliography Index


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: The Inhibitory Effect of Preeclamptic Umbilical Cord Blood Serum on Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Arterial Slices Incubated in vitro

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

Background: Our previous studies demonstrated that preeclampsia is accompanied by significant alterations in the amounts of peptide growth factors in the umbilical cord serum. Some

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Containing 2- (quinolin-8-yl) carbonyl - herbicidal compositions and use of compounds of cyclohexane-1,3-diones

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper
E.g.:
['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), Rozynski et al. (2006) have demonstrated that there is a weak correlation between the water levels of Vistula River and Gdansk Harbour. Herein the CCA analysis serves as a first step for a univariate bootstrap resampling technique, applied to investigate coincident extreme water levels of Vistula River and Gdansk Harbour. The CCA-derived assumption of statistical independence is argued as being a suitable working approximation for (outline) engineering design. This allows the goodness-of-fit of different statistical models to be assessed in a quantitative manner with a bootstrap method. This also provides a convenient means of defining extreme levels together with their confidence intervals. The analysis with two statistical methods provides insight into the character of joint coastal extremes in an estuary of a large north European river. The rationale and methodology are at least partly applicable to similar estuaries of northern Europe.'] == ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Extreme water levels of the Vistula River and Gdansk Harbour']

The present invention provides 2- (quinolin-8-yl) carbonyl-containing - compositions herbicidal cyclohexane-1,3-diketones, comprising: (a) component; the group (a) comprising at least one sub-2- (quinolin-8-yl) - carbonyl - cyclohexane-1,3-diketones, tautomers thereof and salts thereof. The composition of the present invention are particularly useful for selectively controlling weeds or crop safety of. These compositions are particularly useful for selectively controlling corn (maize), wheat, barley, grass, pastures, rice, sorghum, sugar cane plantation crops and weeds, can also be processed for overall plant. The composition of the present invention may also be used to crop safety of, especially gramineous crops.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

The invention relates to 1- [2- (2-naphthyl) ethyl] -4- (3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperidine and its acid addition salts, useful in the treatment of sexual dysfunction in mammals. The new compound can be prepared for example by catalytic hydrogenation of the 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinique derivative thereof.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: The Thick Level-Set model for dynamic fragmentation

Abstract The Thick Level-Set (TLS) model is implemented to simulate brittle media undergoing dynamic fragmentation. This non-local model is discretized by the finite element method with damage represented as a continuous field over the domain. A level-set function defines the extent and severity of damage, and a length scale is introduced to limit the damage gradient. Numerical studies of one-dimensional problems demonstrate that the proposed method reproduces the rate-dependent energy dissipation and fragment length observations from analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches. Additional studies emphasize the importance of appropriate bulk constitutive models and sufficient spatial resolution of the length scale.

Three-dimensional structure handling reactions and synthesis property prediction and analysis integrated systems.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy.

Benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy is characterized by periods of torticollic posturing of the head. The onset of the episodes usually occurs during the first month of life and may recur at varying intervals until the age of 1-5 years. This appears to be a self-limited disorder. The follow-up of 7 patients with benign paroxysmal torticollis is presented.

Rare neurological complication in course of severe acute pancreatitis was described. A 38-year old woman developed Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome ((MODS) and neurological complications such as transient encephalopathy and polineuropathy in a form of tetraplegy.