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Question: Histamine skin sensitivity in chronic schizophrenic smokers not responding favourably to neuroleptics.

Histamine, the neurotransmitter involved in both immune and allergic responses to stress, has been reported to affect acute and chronic schizophrenic patients differently in histamine skin sensitivity tests. The authors tested for histamine skin sensitivity patients who had been hospitalized with diagnosed schizophrenia for many years who had not responded favourably to conventional therapy and who had been consistently exposed to active and/or passive smoking. These patients were found to be markedly sensitive to the histamine skin test, whereas a control group of non-hospitalized, non-smoking, non-allergic, non-medicated, 'healthy' volunteers, of similar age and sex, were not sensitive to the histamine intracutaneous test. These findings suggest a possible screening indicator in respect of which patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia will respond favourably or not favourably to neuroleptics.

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In this case series, we report three cases of alopecia associated with use of methylphenidate for ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), that reversed with discontinuation of methylphenidate.


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Question: Optical Microring Resonators in Fluorine-Implanted Lithium Niobate for Electrooptical Switching and Filtering

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We present a new approach for the fabrication of electrooptically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate. Planar optical waveguides for vertical light confinement (Deltan o = 0.17) are produced by fluorine ion implantation. Optical microrings and bus waveguides are then formed by laser lithography masking and Ar+ plasma etching. Electrodes are optically isolated from the optical microrings by a polyvinyl alcohol buffer layer with a high dielectric constant (epsiv ~ 70 at 10 Hz) to improve electrooptic tuning. The microrings with a radius of 80 mu m exhibit optical resonances with a modulation depth of 11 dB, a free spectral range of 2 nm, and an electrooptical tunability of 10 pm/V.

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Preface.Acknowledgements.Glossary of Abbreviations.Glossary of Symbols.1. An Introduction to Optical Communication Systems.2. Principles of Distributed Feedback Semiconductor Laser Diodes: Coupled Wave Theory.3. Structural Impacts on the Solutions of Coupled Wave Equations: An Overview.4. Transfer Matrix Modelling in DFB Semiconductor Lasers.5. Threshold Analysis and Optimization of Various DFB LDs Using the Transfer Matrix Method.6. Above-Threshold Characteristics of DFB Laser Diodes: A TMM Approach.7. Above-Threshold Analysis of Various DFB Lase r Structures Using the TMM.8. Circuit and Transmission-Line Laser Modelling (TLLM) Techniques.9. Analysis of DFB Laser Diode Characteristics Based on the Transmission-Line Modelling (TLLM).10. Wavelength Tunable Optical Filters Based on DFB Laser Structures.11. Other Wavelenght Tunable Optical Filters Based on the DFB Laser Structure.12. Conclusion, Summary and Suggestions.Index.


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Question: PERFORMANCE AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF TRUCK-MOUNTED ATTENUATORS

This synthesis will be of interest to maintenance, construction, and traffic engineers, and others interested in the use of safety apparatus for highway operations. Information is provided on the performance and operational experience of truck-mounted attenuators, including physical characteristics, test results, and guidelines for use. There is growing use of truck-mounted attenuators (TMAs) for highway traffic, maintenance, and construction operations. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the current state of the practice with respect to the use of TMAs. Experience with TMA design is summarized, and field experience and guidelines for use are discussed based on a review of the literature and a survey of the states.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


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Question: Animals domestication and agriculture as outcomes of collusion

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Although it is known that there are circumstances where the competitive situation does not promote social welfare maximization, collusion is usually associated with firms’ strategies that decrease welfare. In this paper, using the theoretical framework of the industrial organization, I demonstrate in a model with two sectors that the economic revolution induced by the animal domestication and the agriculture is an outcome from the strengthen in collusion between human beings in the course of historical time and not vice-versa.

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Evolution and history of tropical forests in relation to food availability food production and nutritional value of wild and semi-domesticated species adaptive aspects of food consumption and energy expenditure feeding strategies in relation to environmental variation cultural factors in food choices food and the futures of the tropical forest - management alternatives.


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Question: Is There a Role for the Surgeon in the Therapeutic Management of Barrett’s Esophagus?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an evidence-based major risk factor for the development of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Antireflux surgery (ARS) may offer more complete reflux inhibition than does medical treatment, because surgery also mechanically prevents duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux. Theoretically, ARS could reduce the risk of progression for patients with BE to EA or even lead to a regression of BE and/or dysplasia.

Progress in Alzheimer's Disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Familial Alzheimer's Disease and Biology of Presenilins. Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in Alzheimer's Disease. Clinical Evaluation of Alzheimer's Disease. Progress in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Novel Drug Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibitors. New Treatment on the Horizon in Alzheimer's Disease. Progress in Parkinson's Disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis. Familial Parkinson's Disease. Clinical Topics in Parkinson's Disease. Progress in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Dopamine Agonists. Mechanism and Treatment of Motor Complications. Treatment of Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Surgical Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. New Treatment on the Horizon in Parkinson's Disease. Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Familial Frontotemporal Dementia and Related Disorders.


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Question: The Ownership Complaint Gap: Mutual vs. Stock Intermediaries

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We document a substantial customer complaint gap between stock and mutual financial firms. To assess whether this 21% per year complaint gap stems from complaint-prone customers in stock insurers, we examine state-adjudicated complaint success. To further delineate between customer selection or treatment explanations, we exploit within insurer complaints around random claims (natural disasters) and attention shocks (media scrutiny). Further tests reveal the complaint gap widens with greater competition, near insolvency thresholds, and with more price regulation. Overall, the results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that mutual financial firms exhibit low customer satisfaction, suggesting customers find this a beneficial organizational structure.

Lobbying Towards a Global Standard-Setter A Fair Go for Fair Value The Behavior Modification Impact of International Accounting Standards on Decision-Making and Risk Management Fair Value-The Basis of International Financial Reporting Standards Fair Value Accounting under IAS/IFRS: Concepts, Reasons, Criticisms Adopting and Implementing International Financial Reporting Standards in Transition Economies International Convergence A Meta-National Perspective on Accounting and Auditing in Nonprofit Organizations How About Performance Audits For Public Companies


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'['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Is there a Latin American agricultural growth pattern? Factor endowments and productivity in the second half of the twentieth century']' == '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'In this article we discuss whether there was a single Latin American pattern of agricultural growth between 1950 and 2008. We analyse the sources of growth of agricultural production and productivity in ten Latin American countries. Our results show that the differences between these countries are too strong to establish a single pattern for this region. However, certain common trends may be observed, such as the growing importance of labour productivity to explain agricultural production growth and the increasing importance of TFP to explain agricultural labour productivity growth.']' != '['Represent this', 'Introduction - African agriculture in the postadjustment era - The changing political economy of Tanzanian agriculture - Data politics: assessing agricultural adjustment in Tanzania - State & market failures: policy implications of agricultural input & credit liberalisation - The local politics of reform implementation - Fast crops, fast cash - Diversification, poverty & inequality - Farmers & markets in Africa: conclusions & policy implications']'

Question: Microscopic origin of the high-pressure-induced spectral shifts in ruby

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A microscopic model for the high-pressure-induced spectral shifts in ruby was developed based on both the exact microscopic complete energy matrix diagonalization procedure and an approximately equivalent self-consistent-field d-orbital model. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data up to 1650 kbar. The predicted high-pressure-induced shifts of the optical and electron paramagnetic spectra can be tested by further measurements.

Abstract We have performed lattice dynamics calculations for CoTeMoO6 telluromolybdate and proposed assignment of modes to respective vibrations of atoms in the unit cell. We have also performed pressure-dependent Raman scattering studies that revealed unusual negative pressure dependence of the highest wavenumber modes. We provide explanation of this behavior based on strongly layered nature of CoTeMoO6 crystal. High-pressure data also indicate weak compressibility of the TeO4 groups associated with large changes in the Mo O Te bridges. The spectra remain qualitatively the same up to 6.3 GPa but some very subtle changes in the spectra have been observed near 2.6–3.0 GPa that might indicate onset of a very subtle structural transformation in the studied crystal.


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Question: Effect of Antispasmodic and Ganglionic Blocking Agents on Mortality Following Electroshock Convulsions in Mice.∗

SummaryAbility of several antispasmodic and ganglionic blocking substances to produce immediate death following maximal electro-shock convulsions in mice has been demonstrated. With most agents studied (atropine, atropine methyl nitrate, benactyzine, mepiperphenidol, methantheline, propantheline, scopolamine, scopolamine methiodide, mecamylamine, chlorisondamine, pentolinium and hexamethonium), the post seizure lethal effect was produced in doses approximating that required to produce a peripheral anticholinergic effect in the same species (pupil dilatation). Neither atropine nor mecamylamine altered the electroconvulsive threshold.Respiratory failure appeared to be the cause of drug-induced post seizure deaths, but the mechanism of action was not revealed.

Willner: Methods for Assessing the Validity of Animal Models of Human Psychopathology. Lyon: Animal Models with Parallels to Schizophrenia. Schmajuk/Tyberg: The Hippocampal Lesion Model of Schizophrenia. Martin-Iverson: An Animal Model of Stimulant Psychoses. Ellison: Animal Models of Hallucinations: Continuous Stimulants. Lyon: Animal Models for the Symptoms of Mania. Rosengarten/Schweitzer/Friedhoff: Animal Models in Tardive Dyskinesia. Pierce/Epling: Activity Anorexia: An Animal Model and Theory of Human Self-Starvation. Feldon/Weiner: An Animal Model of Attention Deficit. Ellison/See: A Computerized Methodology for the Study of Neuroleptic-Induced Oral Dyskinesias. Index.


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Question: MSA compatible package size, dual-channel Fast Automatic Level controlled SOA subsystems for optical packet and PON signals

We developed compact dual-channel Fast Automatic Level CONtrolled (FALCON) amplifiers with 172-M cycle/s control using novel folded 1.3-μm and 1.5-μm SOA modules. We achieved the input dynamic range of more than 28 dB with the output deviation of less than 0.2 dB. We demonstrated the feasibility of FALCON operation for optical packets and CW signals.

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The signal processing have Large data and high Real-time features at present, High speed digital signal processors and high speed logic devices are needed for processing. Based on high performance DSP TigerSHARC201 and large scale FPGA STRATIX-EP1S10, The mixed isomers system’ architecture of DSP high speed connect with FPGA are proposed, The Link ports are used for communication, a high-speed signal processing system is realized.


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Question: A VLSI architecture for gray-scale morphological filtering and its application

The authors propose a new VLSI architecture for morphological filtering. It reduces the need of arithmetic addition and subtraction by a simple logical candidate selection. Hardware complexity is simplified with pipeline operations. The word-parallel bit-pipeline architecture is suitable for high-speed processing while the bit-serial architecture is suitable for large structuring element. A bit-level systolic design is also demonstrated. This architecture can be applied to distance transformation. Fast real-time implementation is feasible through these concise architectures. >

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Rapid advances in submicron microelectronic technologies have made possible the integration of millions of transistors on a single silicon chip for complex signal processing and control functions. The hippocampal region of the brain system can be analyzed with a nonlinear system modeling approach. The input-output relationship of the neural units is represented by the kernel functions of various complexities. The modeling expressions of the first and second order kernels are computed in analog current-mode instead of digital format in order to fully explore massively parallel processing capability of the neural networks. A programmable pulse-coded neural network based on the hippocampal kernel functions can process the pulse information efficiently. The model-based approach saves silicon area and achieves adequate accuracy level. Circuit-level simulation results and experimental data are also presented.


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Question: Use of Different Acknowledgement Policies for Burst Transmission in Fiber-fed Wireless LANs

The IEEE 802.11 e medium access control (MAC) for quality-of-service (QoS) support in 802.11 networks defines burst transmission and new acknowledgment (ACK) operations as optional mechanisms for increasing channel utilization. In this paper, we investigate how the performance of these new features is affected by the presence of fiber delay in high speed Wireless LAN (WLAN) over fiber networks. It is shown that the negative effect of the fiber delay on the throughput performance of the 802.11 MAC protocol can be significantly reduced when burst transmission is used with the block or the no ACK policies.

Shared-Path Protection for Resource Efficiency.- Sub-Path Protection for Scalability and Fast Recovery.- Segment Protection for Bandwidth Efficiency and Differentiated Quality of Protection.- Survivable Traffic Grooming-Dedicated Protection.- Survivable Traffic Grooming-Shared Protection.- Survivable Virtual Concatenation for Data Over Sonet/Sdh.


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Question: PLANNING SUBWAYS BY TUNNEL OR CUT-AND-COVER. SOME COST- BENEFIT COMPARISONS

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The largest single cost for any new transit system is construction, accounting for up to 70 percent of the total system cost. But intangible social costs, borne by the affected neighborhood community, may add as much as 25 percent to the total system cost. When these intangibles are taken into account in terms of loss of local economy, decrease of social activities, and general community disruption, high speed and deep tunneling methods become more competitive with cut and cover construction.

PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH THE USE OF THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT IN ANALYZING ENGINEERING DATA AND EXAMPLES OF ITS MISUSE ARE DISCUSSED. IN GENERAL, THE USE OF REGRESSION ANALYSIS SERVES THE ENGINEER BETTER. PITFALLS CONNECTED WITH COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF DATA ARE ALSO POINTED OUT. /AUTHOR/


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Question: On-line calibrated measuring systems and their characteristics

Abstract On-line periodic calibration is required in many model-based measuring systems (MSs) working with or controlling engineering objects. Most works on MS calibration focus their attention on description of the calibrated MSs and the calibration algorithms. The choice of the optimum calibration period and other calibration characteristics, i.e the characteristics of the calibration procedure have been practically ignored until recently. This article examines the calibration characteristics in detail and describes methods for determination of their optimal values. The measurement errors of on-line calibrated MSs and their components are analyzed as stochastic functions of time. Two on-line calibrated MSs operating in a butyl rubber synthesis process are described as examples. The principal stages in creating these MSs are considered.

Automatic and machine-control gauging, whereby badly machined parts can be either prevented or separated from the good pieces, contributes towards greater efficiency in the manufacturing process. Methods of gauging, as well as the recent utilization in production for maximum benefit, are discussed.


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Question: Concurrent speeches separation using Wrapped Discrete Fourier Transform

This letter proposes a new method for concurrent voiced speech separation. Firstly the Wrapped Discrete Fourier Transform (WDFT) is used to decompose the harmonic spectra of the mixed speeches. Then the individual speech is reconstructed by using the sinusoidal speech model. By taking advantage of the non-uniform frequency resolution of WDFT, harmonic spectra parameters can be estimated and separated accurately. Experimental results on mixed vowels separation show that the proposed method can recover the original speeches effectively.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Real wavelet-based power measurement approaches Application of real wavelet methods Concept using complex wavelet based power definitions Examples References ]]>


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Question: Method and device for an Internet-connected computer to send their phone to dial the phone using the service of a node

The purpose of the present invention is to be able to register and authenticate a user and thus to allow for a simple charging method. Achivement of registration and authentication to allow for simple charging is solved by letting the client connect to a predefined registry function supplying the telephone number the client is using and that the registry function keeps a table with telephone numbers, authentication codes and IP-addresses.

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The present invention discloses a system adjacent in a display device a graphical indication. When equipped with short-range communications (e.g., Bluetooth or wi-fi) and a mobile terminal of a conventional long-distance communication capability (e.g., a mobile phone) appears in the range of the set top box (e.g., a digital broadcast receiver), set top boxes (STB ) icon will be overlaid on the broadcast screen image indicating the mobile terminal may have to be used as cable operators reverse channel. Overlay icons may be presented in different colors to indicate various features of the mobile terminal, such capability type (phone or PDA) or a mobile terminal of the mobile terminal (e.g., the ability to establish a GPRS data connection, or other). The user can thus STB cable operators to provide interactive services, and interactive selection command sent to the mobile terminal a reverse channel cable operators.


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Question: Exponential dichotomy property of systems of differential equations

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In the first part of the present article we state and prove sufficient conditions for the possibility of choosing constants that occur in the definition of the e-dichotomy property of systems of linear differential equations independent of the parameters. In the second part the oblained results are used to investigate the preservation of the invariant torus under perturbations in linearized systems of differential equations.

A fundamental theorem for linear systems studied by Mesarovic and Takahara is investigated in the model of general systems given by Lin.


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Question: An Examination of Control Fraud in Non-Banking Industries

William Black’s (2005) control fraud theory suggests accounting fraud initiated by CEOs is more damaging than accounting fraud that is not. However, this theory has only been applied anecdotally to financial institutions. I test Black’s theory using a sample of manufacturing, merchandising, and service firms that engaged in accounting fraud from 2007-2014. I hypothesize that firms which commit CEO-led fraud will exhibit greater growth, leverage, and have higher CEO compensation. My findings do not show that there is any evidence that control frauds are more damaging than other accounting frauds that do not involve the CEO.

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Question: Burow's solution-induced acute sensorineural hearing loss: report of two cases.

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This is the report of rare cases to show the potential ototoxicity of Burow's solution in clinical use. We encountered two cases of acute sensorineural hearing loss occurring after the administration of 8% Burow's solution (pH 2.93) into the tympanic cavities. Prior to treatment, both cases presented with tympanic membrane perforations in the posterior and inferior portions and a small amount of serous discharge. Fortunately, hearing loss recovered almost completely except for high tones within a few weeks. These two case reports demonstrate that the ototoxicity of Burow's solution should be considered when it is used to treat otitis media accompanied by tympanic membrane perforation.

A case of postoperative coma associated with diabetes insipidus and hypothermia is presented. Some recommendations are offered for the future management of similar cases.


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Question: Chain Hexagonal Cacti with the Extremal Eccentric Distance Sum

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Eccentric distance sum (EDS), which can predict biological and physical properties, is a topological index based on the eccentricity of a graph. In this paper we characterize the chain hexagonal cactus with the minimal and the maximal eccentric distance sum among all chain hexagonal cacti of length n, respectively. Moreover, we present exact formulas for EDS of two types of hexagonal cacti.

General Description of an Impulsive Light-Like Signal Illustrations and Implications of the Bianchi Identities Light-Like Boosts Spherically Symmetric Null Shells Collisions of Plane Impulsive Light-Like Signals Impulsive Light-Like Signals in Alternative Theories of Gravity.


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Question: Teaching and Cultivating Students' Creative Ability in College Physical Education from the Perspective of Lifelong Sports

Develop students' innovation ability is an inevitable requirement for the development of education,but also the top priority of physical education teaching.From changes in the educational ideas and concepts,innovative teaching objectives to optimize the teaching process,elaborated the ways and means to cultivate students' innovative ability of teachers in physical education teaching.

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Contents: Preface. Part I: Complexity Thinking. What Is "Complexity"? What Is "Science"? The Shape of Complexity. The Network of Complexity. Part II: Complexity Thinking, Education, and Educational Inquiry. Descriptive Complexity Research: Qualities of Learning Systems. Descriptive Complexity Research: Level-Jumping. Pragmatic Complexity Research: Conditions of Emergence. Complexity and Education: Vital Simultaneities. Endnotes.


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Question: Experimental Study of Turbulence Beginning of Supersonic Boundary Layer on Swept Wing at Mach Numbers 2 – 4

The paper is devoted to an experimental study of natural disturbances evolution and laminar-turbulent transition in a three-dimensional supersonic boundary layer on swept wing at different Mach numbers. Characteristic zones of disturbances evolution are determined. It is found that for Mach numbers 2 and 2.5 measurements were performed in the region of linear stage of disturbances evolution, and the experimental data can be compared with the results of the calculations on linear stability theory. Oscillograms, amplitude-frequency spectra, pulsation profiles and statistical diagrams of natural fluctuations are obtained. Secondary instability of supersonic boundary layer on swept wing is under consideration

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Design of an Isolated Airfoil in an Ideal Incompressible Fluid. Account of Compressibility and Viscosity. Airfoil Design for a Given Range of Angels of Attack. Design of Mechanized Airfoils and Airfoils with Permeable Contour. Design Problems for Airfoils with Partially Given Contour. Airfoil Cascade Design. Aerohydrodynamically Reasonable Velocity Distributions. Regularization and Optimization in Inverse Boundary Value Problems of Hydrodynamics.


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Question: Intra-operative nursing for children with congenital heart disease during interventional closure under general anesthesia

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Objective To study the intra-operative nursing for children with congenital heart disease(CHD) during interventional closure under general anesthesia.Methods Of the 30 children with CHD(13 males,17 females) at the age of 1-8 years(2±3.2 years) enrolled in this study,12 underwent ventricular septal defect closure,7 atrial septal defect closure,8 patent ductus arteriosus closure,and 3 pulmonary valve stenosis valvoplasty under the guidance of X-ray and UCG.The patients were closely monitored by ECG during operation in order to prevent complications.Results The operation was a 100% success with no complications occurred.Conclusion Careful intra-operative care,skilled collaboration and close monitoring play important role in the success of operation for children with CHD under general anesthesia.

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The perioperative management of pulmonary hypertension in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome, the most advanced form of associated pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), who required a sigmoidectomy is presented. The treatment for pulmonary hypertension was switched from oral sildenafil to intravenous epoprostenol to avoid the unexpected discontinuation of vasodilation during the perioperative period. The scheduled perioperative conversion should be considered for patients with severe PAH undergoing major abdominal surgery to ensure the stabilization of pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics.


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Question: On contraction groups of automorphisms of totally disconnected locally compact groups

We prove that recent results of Baumgartner and Willis on contraction groups of automorphisms of metrizable totally disconnected locally compact groups (Israel J. Math. 142 (2004), 221–248) remain true for non-metrizable groups.

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We prove that the amalgamated free product of two free groups of rank two over a common cyclic subgroup, admits an amenable, faithful, transitive action on an infinite countable set. We also show that any finite index subgroup admits such an action, which applies for example to surface groups and fundamental groups of surface bundles over $\mathbb{S}^1$.


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Question: Investigating the Effectiveness of E-mail Spam Image Data for Phone Spam Image Detection Using Scale Invariant Feature Transform Image Descriptor

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The increased number of spam images in mobile phones has become a big trouble by annoying users steadily. One big issue in developing an effective phone spam image detection system using machine learning and data mining techniques is unavailability of sufficient phone spam image data. In this study, we demonstrate that the utilization of similar email spam image data obtained by chi-square similarity distance is an effective solution to develop phone spam image classifier. We compared the performance of our approach with the one using randomly selected email spam image data and showed that this approach works better than the one using randomly selected images. Our analysis further illustrates that a more sophisticated clustering algorithm is expected to improve the performance.

A. Filippidis, M. Russo, L.C. Jain: Novel Extension of ART2 in Surface Landmine Detection.- M. Blume: An Efficient Mapping of Fuzzy ART onto a Neural Architecture.- M. Blume, D.A. Van Blerkom: Fuzzy ARTMAP Modifications for Intersecting Class Distributions.- A.-H. Tan: Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory and Rules.- G. Bartfai, R. White: Incremental Learning and Optimization of Hierarchical Clusterings with ART-Based Modular Networks.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part I - Architectures and Algorithms.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part II - Applications.- T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips.


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Question: Pulmonary nocardiosis in an adolescent patient with Crohn's disease treated with infliximab: a serious complication of TNF-alpha blockers.

Nocardiosis is a serious complication of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha blockers. With the increasing use of biologics for inflammatory bowel disease, it is to be anticipated that opportunistic infections such as nocardia will be more frequently encountered in children. We present the case of a 16 year old male with Crohn's disease who developed pulmonary nocardiosis during the course of his treatment with infliximab. This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease infected with opportunistic organisms. Pediatric health care providers need to be aware so that early diagnosis and treatment can be provided thereby preventing disseminated disease and having favorable outcomes. Although TNF blocker therapy must be discontinued in the presence of such infections, biologic therapy may be reintroduced after successful treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to control underlying symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.

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Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a skin eruption that is primarily drug induced and characterized by the formation of numerous acute and sterile pustules on an erythematous background as mentioned by Weinblatt et al. (1999). We present a case of AGEP, following administration of etanercept, an antitumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ) antibody, in a patient with psoriasis. Recognition of this reaction pattern is important given the frequent reliance on etanercept in treating psoriasis.


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Question: Postantibiotic Effect and Postantibiotic sub-MIC Effect of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus

In this study,the methodologies of postantibiotic effects(PAE),postantibiotic sub-MIC effect(PASME) and sub-MIC effect(SME) were established and relevant results of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus were obtained.At two and four times the MIC,PAEs of enrofloxacin were 1.03 and 1.50 h,and the PAEs of ciprofloxacin at 1/2,1,2 and 4 MIC were 0.51,0.88,1.47 and 1.92 h,respectively.After exposing to the drugs at four times the MIC for 1 hour,the S.aureus suspension continued the exposure to 1/8,1/4 and 1/2 MIC and resulted in average PASMEs of 0.38,1.15 and 12.31 h,respectively,for enrofloxacin and 2.69,10.17 and 12.31 h,respectively,for ciprofloxacin.The SMEs for enrofloxacin at 1/8,1/4 and 1/2 MIC were 0.40,0.91 and 9.44 h,respectively and for ciprofloxacin 0.42,1.14 and 9.02 h,respectively.The results showed that length of PAE,PASME,and SME of the two drugs were in dose-dependent manner,and ciprofloxacin seemed to exhibit longer effects than enrofloxacin against S.aureus.

The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella strains isolated from slaughter-age pigs and environmental samples collected at modern swine raising facilities in Brazil. Seventeen isolates of six serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated out of 1,026 collected samples: Salmonella Typhimurium (1), Salmonella Agona (5), Salmonella Sandiego (5), Salmonella Rissen (1), Salmonella Senftenberg (4), and Salmonella Javiana (1). Resistance patterns were determined to extended-spectrum penicillin (ampicillin), broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin), narrow-spectrum quinolone (nalidixic acid), broad-spectrum quinolone (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), tetracycline, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. Antimicrobial resistance patterns varied among serotypes, but isolates from a single serotype consistently showed the same resistance profile. All isolates we...


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Question: Preparation of fibrin monomers from human fibrinogen in urea, using soluble or insolubilized thrombin.

Fibrin Monomers were prepared by exposing human fibrinogen to thrombin in the presence of 3.3 m urea, pH 7.4 and +20 °C. Both with thrombin covalently bound to Sepharose 4 B and with thrombin in solut

Bioskin is a natural polymer produced by Acetobacter xylinum and several yeasts in culture. It contains aminosugars which promote ionic adsorption of catalase. Half-life time of immobilized catalase is about 26.5 days whereas soluble enzyme is inactivated after 3 days at room temperature. Two classes of catalase subunits are separated by capillary zone electrophoresis from SDS-treated protein whereas four protomers forming two large and two small subunits are visualized by scanning electron microscopy of a preparation of bioskin-immobilized catalase.


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Question: Distributed optical fiber temperature sensing network based on light scattering and application in intelligent electric network

The research present status and development of distributed optical fiber temperature sensing network based on light scattering was described. The distributed optical fiber temperature sensors based on Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering were mainly represented. And the application of optical fiber sensor in high voltage cables and electrical power line supervision were mainly introduced. The sensing light-electrical cable substituted for original electrical cable and optical fiber cable was discussed. The developing three-in-one trend of optical communication, power transmission and sensor was also analyzed.

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In this paper, the influence of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and frequency on the phase difference of the acceleration fiber optic vector hydrophone is analyzed and verified by simulation, laboratory measurement and experimental data at sea.


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Question: Frequency-dependent modulation of dopamine release by nicotine

Although nicotine activation of dopamine release is implicated in addiction, it also desensitizes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), leading to a prolonged depression of evoked dopamine release. Here we show that nicotine's effects depend on the firing pattern of dopamine neurons, so that while desensitization of nAChRs indeed curbs dopamine released by stimuli emulating tonic firing, it allows a rapid rise in dopamine from stimuli emulating phasic firing patterns associated with incentive/salience paradigms. Nicotine may thus enhance the contrast of dopamine signals associated with behavioral cues.

The influence of n. accumbens on the striatal synaptic dopamine release was investigated in freely moving male Sprague-Dawley rats using in vivo intracranial dialysis followed by radioenzymatic analysis. It was shown that amphetamine or glutamic acid dialysis infusion in the n. accumbens resulted in a decrease in striatal extracellular dopamine level while simultaneous infusion of these drugs led to increase in striatal level of extracellular dopamine. It is suggested that there exist an influence of the n. accumbens on dopamine release in the striatum, the sign of this influence being mediated by dopamine-glutamic acid interaction in the n. accumbens.


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Question: Discussion on comprehensive and designing experimental teaching in universities

This paper takes the comprehensive and designing experiment project (“Book Information Management System”) as an example in the training course of “Access Database Application”, introduces the necessity of setting comprehensive and designing experiment in the university computer courses, discusses the content selection of experiment, the methods and means of experimental teaching, analyzes the teaching effect after implementation. Practice has proved that through the development of the comprehensive and designing experiments, cultivate the ability of analyzing and solving problems, improve the students' ability of innovation, and further cultivate the students' ability of computer literacy.

The specialized training plan is the blueprint for talent training. Through investigation and comparison of FIT fashion design teaching plans, this paper brings forward a training schedule to construct the same specialty in the college, such as talent training goal orientation, teaching management system, curriculum framework system, characteristic activity, etc., and meanwhile further explores the possibilities of implementing higher vocational undergraduates "2+2" project.


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Question: System for detecting abnormal behavior and evaluating safety of structure, and method for the same

Provided are a system to detect abnormal behavior and evaluating safety of a structure and a method thereof capable of easily estimating a continuous abnormal behavior time of the structure by combining and analyzing a time domain and a frequency domain from a high-frequency vibration response signal of the structure, and performing an abnormal behavior assessment in accordance to a self-learning and pattern recognition algorithm; determining the authenticity of the detected abnormal behavior whenever the abnormal behavior of the structure is detected; and easily estimating a damaged region around a sensor node.

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The invention discloses a control device, which comprises a main decoding module, an auxiliary decoding module, a main coding module, au auxiliary coding module, a display control module and a local clock module used for supplying clock signals for the modules. The invention also discloses a fault reporting system utilizing the control device and a fault reporting method. Adopting the device and the system as well as the method can rapidly find out the system faults, so as to treat the faults in time.


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Question: Subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis.

Abstract Arteriovenous fistulas in the arms to permit hemodialysis have been created eighty-four times in patients with chronic renal failure. Direct anastomosis between the radial artery and cephalic vein was performed thirty-two times. An interposed graft for hemodialysis was created from a segment of saphenous vein fifty-two times. Chronic patency was maintained in 90 and 95 per cent, respectively. Of the two methods, the vein graft fistulas were superior because of their immediate availability and the ease of needle insertion. In our experience subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulas have proved to be very satisfactory and superior to external shunts in the management of patients requiring chronic hemodialysis.

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"['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Aromaticity is the concept which depends on the structure requirements of molecules but also can be defined quantitatively by means of aromaticity indices by means of molecular geometry. Critical analysis of both aspects is presented, showing advantages and limitations of geometry-based indices.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Two faces of the structural aspects of aromaticity']"

External beam irradiation has a documented effect on intimal hyperplasia reduction. However, it did not result in less reinterventions or stenoses after radiation treatment of the venous anastomosis in polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis access.


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Question: Role of Store Ambience and Visual Merchandising On Impulsive Buying Behavior: A Pls-Sem Approach

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The business environment of today’s has become very competitive wherein very less differentiation is there in the products being sold. The customers have also become very conscious about their shopping habits and they primarily have become need based customers. Thus, it becomes more imperative for the stores to bring the customers to their stores so that they can purchase the things which they tend not to. Thus, the present study intends to find the factors that can entice the customer to buy the things which are not in their shipping lists or that can force the customers to enter the stores.

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Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


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Question: Nutritional Studies with the Guinea Pig. XI. Pyridoxine

Summary The approximate requirement of the guinea pig for pyridoxine with a purified diet containing 30% protein is 2.0 to 3.0 mg/kg of diet. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Woodrow Duvall in care of the animals and that of Esther Hurley for preparation of the vitamin pre-mixes.

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Perspectives and Summary 227 Structure 228 Reductases 230 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formaldehyde ...... 233 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formate 240 Reaction of the One-Carbon Unit at the Methyl Leve/ of Oxidation 244 Pterin-Dependent Hydraxy/ations 245


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Question: Seasonal and annual course of aeroelectric field in Kamchatka

The analysis of the seasonal and annual course of aeroelectric field of middle latitude observatory Paratunka (52 0 58' N, 158 0 15' E) in Kamchatka during 1997-2008 is carried out. The seasonal intervals of greatest and lowest values, stable from year to year, are observed. The change of annual course of aeroelectric field in near ground air at the observatory, that is in the active geodynamical region, is shown. The great positive course has changed for light negative one. It is possible connected either with the change of the intensity of radon emanation or volcanic activity in Kamchatka.

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To elucidate limnological characters in the waters within the Egeria stand, the present study documents variations of some physico-chemical and biological variables, which occur in the waters from the upper littoral covered with Egeria to the lower littoral adjacent to the pelagic zone, and evaluates the primary productivity of phytoplankton in the Egeria stand in relation to the variables measured


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Question: Case studies for switching to wood fuel

This paper presents the results of one division of a recently completed project at Georgia Tech to stimulate interest in the use of wood as a fuel by nonforest related industrial plants in Georgia. The work reported on consists of fourteen wood energy feasibility studies which were chosen to provide a broad base of information. Size equivalents ranged from 2,700 to 75,000 lbs of steam per hour. Eight of the studies involved the installation of totally new systems, while the other six studies concerned the conversion to wood firing of existing equipment.

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Basic electric schemes and installations for testing machines of a direct current are considered.


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Question: Method for preparing water-soluble CdS-Ag2S quantum dot with fluorescent energy transfer

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The invention provides a method for preparing a water-soluble CdS-Ag2S quantum dot with fluorescent energy transfer. The water-soluble CdS-Ag2S quantum dot with the fluorescent energy transfer is in a core-shell shape, an inner core is CdS, an outer shell layer is Ag2S, and the emission wavelength is 760 nanometers. The method provided by the invention can be used for preparing the CdS-Ag2S quantum dot with ultraviolet absorption and near-infrared emission by virtue of water phase one-pot reaction and has the advantages of simple preparation process, mild reaction condition and the like. Compared with a CdS quantum dot, the CdS-Ag2S quantum dot prepared by the method has larger stocks displacement due to the generation of a fluorescent energy transfer phenomenon and can realize the ultraviolet absorption and near-infrared emission, thereby achieving very good application prospect on the aspects of a photothermal conversion device, a solar battery, biological therapy and the like.

CdS/PANI(poly-aniline) composite film was prepared by the current impulse electrodeposition on the PANI/PATP(p-aminothiophenol)/Au. The structure and performances were characterized by means of SEM and UV-Vis, IR, Raman, fluorescence and XPS spectroscopies. The CdS nano-particles in the nano-CdS/PANI composite films show the size quantization effect and the enhanced photoluminescence effect by PANI. The photo-generated carriers transfer mechanism from PANI into nano-CdS was proposed to explain the effect. The chemical interaction between NH-groups of PANI chains and S 2- ions of nano-CdS is found.


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Question: Prophylactic use of amino acids in the treatment of inborn errors of the urea cycle

Urea cycle enzymopathies result in the inability to adequately excrete waste nitrogen, leading to the accumulation of ammonia in the plasma. This may result in significant neurologic dysfunction and death if untreated. Arginine cannot be synthesized in the absence of an intact urea cycle and thus becomes an essential amino acid. Provision of supplemental arginine allows for an abbreviated urea cycle in which both molecules of nitrogen (normally excreted as urea) are excreted as argininosuccinic acid.

A retrospective study of 38 patients with propionic acidemia indicates a high frequency of infections; affecting 80% of such patients. The Saudi Arabian population studied is a product of consanguineous marriages, and presents with a severe phenotype. Most microorganisms implicated are unusual, which suggests an underlying immune deficiency. These frequent infections occur despite aggressive treatment with appropriate diets, carnitine and during acute episodes of the disease with metro-nidazole, which suggests a global effect of the disease on T and B lymphocytes as well as on the bone marrow cells. Any patient with propionic acidemia should be closely followed up for an intercurrent infection in association with acute metabolic decompensation.


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Question: Discussion Paper on Tax Policy and Tax Principles in Sweden, 1902-2016

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The long time perspective on tax principles and tax policies in this discussion paper identifies some of the most important and relevant contexts for major Swedish tax reforms from 1902 until the p ...

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Proceedings of the Workshop on ICT Uses in Warfare and the Safeguarding of Peace 2010 Forever Resort, Bela Bela 11 October 2010


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Question: Dynamic buckling of cracked beams with initial geometric imperfections subject to axial impact

This paper investigates the dynamic buckling of a cracked beam with geometric imperfections subject to impacting.For a cracked beam,the dynamic buckling control equations are derived from Hamilton's principle using the first order shear deformation theory.The discrete equations are obtained using the finite difference method.The effect of crack is taken into account in buckling control equations using line-spring model of fracture mechanics.According to the BR dynamic buckling criterion,the critical velocity of dynamic buckling of cracked beams is obtained.In addition,the effects of impact velocity and initial geometric imperfections on the impact dynamic buckling of perfect beams and cracked beams are discussed.

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Theoretical and experimental studies leading to the design of prestressed rectangular beams containing a single transverse circular hole or an array of such holes are reported. A total of 21 beams, each subjected to third-point loading, was tested with particular attention directed to the ultimate load-carrying capacity and possible methods of strengthening such beams by additional reinforcement.


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Question: Finite-Amplitude Lagrangian-Mean Wave Activity Diagnostics Applied to the Baroclinic Eddy Life Cycle

AbstractLagrangian-mean wave activity diagnostics are applied to the nonlinear baroclinic eddy life cycle in a simple general circulation model of the atmosphere. The growth of these instabilities through baroclinic conversion of potential temperature gradients and their subsequent barotropic decay can exhibit two distinct life cycles. One life cycle results in equatorward propagation of the growing eddy, anticyclonic wave breaking, and a poleward shift of the mean jet. The second life cycle is distinguished by limited equatorward propagation and cyclonic wave breaking on the poleward flank of the jet. Using a conservative finite-amplitude, Lagrangian-mean wave activity (negative pseudomomentum) to quantify wave growth and propagation reveals more details about the life cycles than could be discerned from eddy kinetic energy (EKE) or other Eulerian metrics. It is shown that the distribution of pseudomomentum relative to the latitude of the axis of the jet can be used to provide a clear distinction between...

Summaries of research accomplished are given for the following areas: Morphological (Diffusional) Stability; A New Algorithm for Numerical Modeling of Non-equilibrium Materials Behavior; A Unified Treatment of Single and Microcrystalline Film Edge Instabilities; and Validation of the Structure Based Grain Boundary Diffusion/Migration Model.


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Question: Prevalence and intensity of Wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in Sri Lanka by Og4C3 ELISA using filter paper-absorbed whole blood.

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In Sri Lanka 2741 people from Matara, an endemic area for Wuchereria bancrofti, were examined in 1996/97 for microfilariae by 60-microL blood smear and for circulating filarial antigens by Og4C3 ELISA using filter paper-absorbed whole blood. The overall prevalence of microfilaraemia was 3.4%, and that of antigenaemia 14.4%. The prevalence of antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative people was 11.3%. Analysed by age-group, antigenaemia prevalence was similar in all groups, and the average number of antigen units was already very high in the age-group < 10 years, indicating that the infection started in early childhood. Among those who were antigen positive, the microfilaria prevalence was lower in females than in males. Diethylcarbamazine treatment eliminated microfilariae in 78% of the positives. However, 17 months after the treatment, antigenaemia was still positive in 76% of those who were parasitologically cured.

A method consisting of filtration of up to 100 macerated mosquitoes in a batch, followed by fixation with glutaraldehyde and concentration of filtrate by centrifugation has been developed to rapidly assess malaria infection in anopheline mosquitoes. Determination of the presence of sporozoites is made by observation of a sample of the final filtrate with a phase microscope. The method is simple and field adaptable, essential factors for the application of any technique to large scale field operations. Application of the technique in El Gancho, Chiapas, Mexico, in February 1984 yielded an infection rate for Anopheles albimanus of 0.9% for intradomicile-collected human bait mosquitoes and 0.1% for peridomicile-collected human bait mosquitoes.


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Question: Cooperative optimal preview tracking control of continuous-time multi-agent systems

ABSTRACT This paper presents the cooperative preview control method for continuous-time multi-agent systems with a time-invariant directed communication topology. First, the cooperative tracking preview control problem is transformed into the optimal regulation problem of an augmented system. Next, by applying the results of the standard optimal preview control of continuous-time linear systems, a controller of the augmented system is obtained. Furthermore, the stabilisability and detectability of the augmented system are studied under the fixed digraph and the prescribed leader. Then, we derive the controller of multi-agent systems with error integral and preview action that can guarantee the achievement of cooperative optimal preview tracking. Finally, the effectiveness of the controller is shown by numerical simulations.

A backstepping nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control with the extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the uncertain factors of nonlinear spinning missile. Based on Lyapunov stability...


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Question: Physical status of soddy-podzolic soils on the Chepetsk-Kil’mez interfluve

There are specific aspects in the problem of optimization of the physical conditions of soil fertility that are determined by the genetic features of soils and by the degree of their transformation under anthropogenic impacts. An assessment of the major agrophysical parameters of the loamy soddy-podzolic soils on the Chepetsk-Kil’mez interfluve (Kirov oblast) is presented. A comparison between the actual and optimal parameters of the agrophysical properties of these soils shows that the most significant differences are observed in the soil structural status, the bulk density, and the water permeability.

The elastic resistance of the clays studied can be arranged in the following descending order: Poldnevskiy, Yuzhnaya Troitsa and Nizhniy Uvel.


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Question: THE DESCRIPTION, CHRONOLOGY AND CORRELATION OF BURIED SOILS AND CULTURAL LAYERS IN A TERRACE SECTION, PEACE RIVER VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA

A terrace section in the Peace River Valley of British Columbia contained seven buried paleosols developed in eolian material. Chemical, physical and micromorpholgical data showed the soils to be Chernozemic. The main soil-forming processes have been the leaching and reprecipitation of carbonates, the formation of mull aggregates, the weathering of primary minerals and the weak physical translocation of soil fabric. Five cultural components or levels had been identified in nearby archaeological excavations and these were correlated with the Ah horizons of five of the paleosols. However, none of these Ah horizons contained large amounts of organic P as have been found in cultural layers of other archaeological sections. The cultural components contained tools, flakes, shell beads, bones and projectile points. Radiocarbon dates from charcoal ranged from 5830 ± 80 yr B.P. in the second lowest paleosol to 1530 ± 70 yr B.P. in the second highest paleosol. They showed that most of the eolian material had been d...

ABOUT 425 REFERENCES, MOST WITH A BRIEF ANNOTATION, ARE GIVEN, PRECEDED BY AN ESSAY ON THE BRITISH ECONOMY, APPROACHES TO REGIONAL PLANNING SINCE THE DEPRESSION, AND THE RELATION OF TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES TO THE SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF CURRENT REGIONAL PLANNING IN GREAT BRITAIN.


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Question: On the use of directions of negative curvature in a modified newton method

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For instance, <<['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', "Superstorm Sandy gained national attention in late 2012 after its impact on the Northeastern US. In New York City, thousands of residents lost power, and multiple hospitals were forced to evacuate. Bellevue Hospital Center (BHC), the nation's oldest public hospital, was forced to close for the first time in over 275 years. Two patients remained in BHC three days after the primary evacuation without water service and minimal power. Herein, we describe the challenges associated with evacuating a severely obese patient. Obesity management is challenging and at an institutional level must be addressed in emergency preparedness plans."]>>  to <<['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', "Superstorm Sandy's forgotten patient: A lesson in emergency preparedness in severe obesity"]>>

We present a modified Newton method for the unconstrained minimization problem. The modification occurs in non-convex regions where the information contained in the negative eigenvalues of the Hessian is taken into account by performing a line search along a path which is initially tangent to a direction of negative curvature. We give termination criteria for the line search and prove that the resulting iterates are guaranteed to converge, under reasonable conditions, to a critical point at which the Hessian is positive semidefinite. We also show how the Bunch and Parlett decomposition of a symmetric indefinite matrix can be used to give entirely adequate directions of negative curvature.

We prove the existence of a unknown nonlinearity term in an inverse problem arising in the theory of absorption


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Question: Synchronous primary adenocarcinoma of small and large bowel.

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Synchronous cancer of the small and large bowel is rare. We report a 45-year-old woman with synchronous primary cancer of the jejunum and descending colon who presented with intestinal obstruction.

In Peutz—Jeghers syndrome (PJS) a combined surgical and endoscopic procedure allows effective clearance of the multiple hamartomatous polyps from the entire length of the small bowel.


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Question: [Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis: a case report].

An 18-year-old man visited our hospital with a painless swelling of the left scrotal contents. Transscrotal ultrasonography revealed a hydrocele and a 10-mm nodular mass attached to the tunica vaginalis. Tumor resection and hydrocelectomy were performed because the intra-operative histological diagnosis of a frozen section did not reveal malignancy. However, since the postoperative pathological diagnosis was malignant mesothelioma, the left hemiscrotum was excised. He has been free of disease 15 months postoperatively.

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Angiosarcoma of the ::: heart is a rare tumor with very poor prognosis especially in a patient with ::: multiple metastases. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with ::: angiosarcoma of the heart metastasing to the right side of the mandible, a ::: situation not often found previously in the literature.


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Question: DCT Transform Based Relational Database Robust Watermarking Algorithm

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This paper presents a relational database robust watermarking algorithm based on DCT transform, which takes the advantage of the frequency domain approach of multimedia digital watermarking into the area of relational database watermarking. By DCT transform on grouped and sorted tuples and modifying some of the transformed frequency coefficients to embed image watermark, only affecting one attribute for each tuple, the algorithm has good watermarking invisibility. The extraction does not need the original data. Experiments show that even if relational data suffers from approximately 40% of delete, add and modify attacks, we can still have a good robustness to extract the watermark.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Inertial Projection-Type Methods for Solving Quasi-Variational Inequalities in Real Hilbert Spaces

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In this paper, we introduce an inertial projection-type method with different updating strategies for solving quasi-variational inequalities with strongly monotone and Lipschitz continuous operators in real Hilbert spaces. Under standard assumptions, we establish different strong convergence results for the proposed algorithm. Primary numerical experiments demonstrate the potential applicability of our scheme compared with some related methods in the literature.

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The Matching Method for Asymptotic Solutions in Chemical Physics Problems (A. Il'in, et al.). Singularly Perturbed Problems with Boundary and Interior Layers: Theory and Application (V. Butuzov & A. Vasilieva). Numerical Methods for Singularly Perturbed Boundary Value Problems Modeling Diffusion Processes (V. Kolmogorov & G. Shishkin). Indexes.


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E.g. given '['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Meta-SGD: Learning to Learn Quickly for Few-Shot Learning']' it should be close to '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Few-shot learning is challenging for learning algorithms that learn each task in isolation and from scratch. In contrast, meta-learning learns from many related tasks a meta-learner that can learn a new task more accurately and faster with fewer examples, where the choice of meta-learners is crucial. In this paper, we develop Meta-SGD, an SGD-like, easily trainable meta-learner that can initialize and adapt any differentiable learner in just one step, on both supervised learning and reinforcement learning. Compared to the popular meta-learner LSTM, Meta-SGD is conceptually simpler, easier to implement, and can be learned more efficiently. Compared to the latest meta-learner MAML, Meta-SGD has a much higher capacity by learning to learn not just the learner initialization, but also the learner update direction and learning rate, all in a single meta-learning process. Meta-SGD shows highly competitive performance for few-shot learning on regression, classification, and reinforcement learning.']' but not to '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction System Description and Problem Formulation Sequential Monte Carlo Methods Joint Single-Target Tracking and Classification Multiple-Target Tracking and Classification Sensor Selection Simulation Results Conclusion Appendix: Derivations of (14.38) and (14.40) References']'.

Question: Peculiarities of the crystal packing of n-alkyl side chain ureas—precursors in the synthesis of helical polycarbodiimides

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Abstract We report here the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected for 10 ureas bearing alkyl side chains—precursors in the synthesis of chiral polycarbodiimides. X-ray data obtained could be used in constructing the model of interacting polymer chains (e.g., n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonafluoropentyl, and n-heptadecafluorononyl). TGA/DSC studies confirmed relative stability of the ureas inspected. It seems probable that interdigitation pattern found in a crystal lattice of the aliphatic ureas mimics the organization of polycarbodiimide macromolecules identifiable by microscopy techniques

The use of N,N-dimethylforamide dimethyl acetal (DMFDMA) and t-butoxybis(dimethylamino)methane in the synthesis of 2-substituted 3-dimethylaminopropenoates and related compounds, as well as their applicability to the synthesis of various heterocyclic systems is shown.


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Question: Poststroke Complications and Risk Factors: Implications for Primary Care Nurse Practitioners

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Despite the advances in health care, stroke remains the third-leading cause of death among Americans. Cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) or stroke are the second leading cause of death worldwide. Patient management after stroke by primary care nurse practitioners (PCNPs) is focused on prevention and early recognition and management of poststroke complications. It is vital that PCNPs recognize those persons who have the highest risk of developing stroke or recurrent stroke and identify those persons who may benefit from interventions such as management of comorbid conditions or modification of specific risk factors with the intention of reducing the risk of the first stroke.

Overview of Aging, Emotional Health and Behaviour. Section I: Prevalence and Diagnosis. Prevalence of Mental, Behavioural and Neurobehavioral Disorders among Older People with Intellectual Disabilities. Psychopathology and Older Age. General Etiological Issues. Assessment of Behavioural and Psychiatric Disorders. Depression in Adults and Aging Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Cognitive Decline and Aging. Behavioural and Psychiatric Overlays from Physical and Medical Conditions. Emotional Health and Aging in Adults with Down Syndrome. Section II Treatments and Interventions. Psychotherapy and Other Psychological Interventions. Aging--Related Behavioural Interventions. Psychotropic Medications. Dynamics of Bereavement and Grief Reactions. Section III Service System Issues. Community Mental Health and Support Services: Planning Principles and Models. Prevention Strategies and Community Education. Future Directions and Challenges


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Question: Using utility information to calibrate customer demand management behavior models

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Summary form only given as follows. In times of stress customers can help a utility by means of voluntary demand management programs if they are offered the right incentives. The incentives offered can be optimized if the utility can estimate the outage or substitution costs of its customers. This paper illustrates how existing utility data can be used to predict customer demand management behavior. More specifically, it shows how estimated customer cost functions can be calibrated to help in designing efficient demand management contracts.

. This paper will present a total water quality-quantity management approach which has incorporated the costs of water pollution control and water treatment, the benefits of water-based activities, and the trade-off between low flow augmentation and water quality improvement in its consideration. The analytical framework is based on the decomposition procedures provided by dynamic programming within which the optimal management plans are developed.


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Question: [Cystometry in recurrent urinary stress incontinence].

To establish the incidence of surgical failure and misdiagnosis, we reviewed the post-surgical cystometries and clinical data of 33 patients with recurrent stress urinary incontinence following surgical management of this condition. The results of the study show that 63.6% were due to failure of the surgical technique. However, recurrence after a second procedure is likely due to bladder instability. The literature is reviewed and the data compared.

Objective ::: The purpose of this article is to describe chiropractic management of a 5-year-old boy with urinary and bowel incontinence.


Question:
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The provided query could be '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Parallel Computations with Large Atmospheric Models']' and the positive '['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:', 'Large atmospheric models appear often in important applications. Long-range transport of air pollutants is one of the phenomena that can be studied by using such models. These models lead, after some kind of discretization, to very huge systems of ordinary differential equations (up to order of 10**6). The use of modern parallel and/or vector machines is a necessary condition in the efforts to handle successfully big air pollution models. However, this is often far from sufficient. One should also optimize the code in order to be able to exploit fully the great potential power of the modern high-speed computers. The air pollution code developed at the National Environmental Research Institute has been optimized for several different types of high-speed computers (vector machines, parallel computers with shared memory and parallel computers with distributed memory; including in the last group the massively parallel computers).']' and the negative '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', '47. Quantum Chemical Studies of Molecular Structures and Potential Energy Surfaces of Porphyrins and Hemes. 48. Models for the Electronic Structure of Metalloporphyrins from High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction and Ab Initio Calculations. 49. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Applied to Porphyrin Chemistry. 50. Molecular Simulations and Normal-Coordinate Structural Analysis of Porphyrins and Heme Proteins. 51. Resonance Raman Spectra of Heme Proteins and Model Compounds. 52. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Petroporphyrins. 53. Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Heme Proteins and Model Systems. 54. Mass Spectrometry of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins.']'

Question: Sustainability compliance and certification

Improve your buildings’ performance by including sustainability in your property management

A checklist of the self-assessment activities and submission requirements for completion of the project: Determine gaps and deficiencies in present analyses/procedures


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Question: The nature and frequency of agonism in free-ranging and semi-free-ranging brown lemurs,Eulemur fulvus

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For instance, <<['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'This paper proves the existence and uniqueness of generalized solutions of mixed problems for a nonlinear equation with Galerkin method.']>>  to <<['Represent the natural language', 'Mixed Problems For a Nonlinear Parabolic Equation']>>

Agonistic behaviour was studied in three groups each of free-ranging and semi-free-ranging brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus) at Berenty, Madagascar and the Duke University Primate Center (DUPC) respectively. The purpose of the study was to answer questions arising from the work of other researchers regarding the frequency and intensity of agonism in this species. Authors of field studies generally concluded that agonism was rare and mild, whereas those who had studied semi-free-ranging or captive animals at the DUPC reported intense agonism during the peaks of the mating and birth seasons, with sometimes fatal wounding occurring among captive animals.

Erratum to: Differences in mate location behaviours between residents and nonresidents in a territorial butterfly


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Question: Dynamics of Phase Separation in Ternary-Fluid Mixtures

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The dynamics of phase separation in a symmetric three-component two-dimensional fluid system is investigated by a molecular-dynamics approach. In contrast to concentrated binary fluids, we find that the ternary system at late times reaches a dynamical scaling regime during which the domains grow as t1/3, in agreement with the classical theory of Lifshitz and Slyozov. This finding, which we relate to the compact structure of the separating domains, implies that hydrodynamic flow is likely not to control the separation process in a ternary-fluid system.

Characterization of Linear Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) and Cloud Points in its Aqueous Solutions


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Question: Robust output feedback control of PMSM using cascaded sliding mode and high gain observers

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This work considers the problem of speed sensorless vector control of a three-phase PMSM using nonlinear control methods. An improved design of continuous sliding mode observer (SMO) is provided with a comprehensive analysis of sigmoid boundary layer to establish its relation with the estimation accuracy. The idea of cascaded SMO and high gain observer (HGO) is proposed for robust speed estimation that reduces chattering, improves accuracy and requires neither a filter nor any boundary layer adaptation. For the speed control problem, a robust integral sliding mode control (ISMC) scheme is developed that works under varying load and parametric uncertainties. Simulation results have been used to evaluate the performance of proposed observers and controller.

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In this paper, decentralized fuzzy model reference tracking Hinfin control for nonlinear large-scale systems is studied via fuzzy control method. First, an equivalent T-S fuzzy model which represents the nonlinear interconnected system is given. Then a decentralized fuzzy model reference Hinfin tracking control design and robust algorithm are developed. It is proved that the designed fuzzy control algorithm not only guarantees the stability of the nonlinear large-scale systems, but also achieves Hinfin tracking control performance


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Question: N.M.R. study of the dynamic structure of isopropylbenzene

The dynamic molecular behaviour of isopropylbenzene, IPB, in the liquid and supercooled state has been investigated by N.M.R. The proton, deuterium and 13C relaxation times were measured in selectively deuterated IPB, over the temperature range 125 to 200 K and the pressure range 1 bar to 5 kbar. The viscosity range extended from 1 cP to 10 P. The most significant result of the study is that although at ambient pressures the modified Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation adequately describes the microscopic dynamics of IPB in the slip limit, at high pressures the reorientational correlation times are no longer linear in η/T. The rotational-translational coupling parameter was found to be strongly density dependent, but insensitive to kinetic energy changes. An isotopic dilution study was employed to separate the intermolecular and intramolecular contributions to T 1ρ. It was shown that the viscosity anomaly at T k is related to a change in the type of translational rather than rotational motions. The intramolecu...

Reaction of 5-formyl-1,3-dimethyluracil with some active methylene compounds in the presence of base causes novel ring transformations to give the p-hydroxybenzoates and the nicotinate.


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Question: 120 Years of (Non) Issue of the Czech Translation of the book “Treatise on Accounting” by Luca Pacioli

The first printed textbook of double entry bookkeeping in the world, “Treatise on Accounting” by Luca Pacioli, was published as part of a mathematic textbook Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportii et Proportionalita in Venice in 1494, which is 520 years old this year. Thanks to Czech accounting historians, K. P. Kheil jr. (1843-1908) and H. Raulich (1866-1940) is for a Czech reader interested in accounting history available today in addition to the original text, as well as Italian, French, German, English and Russian versions, also Czech versions of Treatise Pacioli. Journey to the Czech translation was not easy. For the Kheil’s translation remained even at not quite finished forms of this work. We remember especially the 120th anniversary of preparation by Kheil’s translation to the press; edition, which eventually not happened.

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Today and Tomorrow Vol 23 Art & Architecture includes Balbus, Or the Future of Architecture by Christian Barman, Heraclitus, Or the Future of Films by Ernest Betts, Euterpe, Or The Future of Art by Lionel R McColvin and The Future of Futurism by John Rodker. 342pp


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Question: [Choice of a method and a type of device for water decontamination and warming within physical-chemical life support systems].

The review has been undertaken within project Mars-500 supported by the Russian Academy of Sciences and aimed to make choice of a method and associated device for effective decontamination and warming potable water for humans during long confinement and isolation. Analysis of the literary data and patent specifications of chemical, physical and hybrid methods of water decontamination and warming guided the choice of energy of ultrahigh frequencies (UHF). Also, a waveguide-coaxial UHF-device implementing this method was proposed. Ease of the UHF energy transformation to heat, reliability, friendliness and impart attractiveness to the method in the eye of developers of long-operating physical-chemical life support systems.

The article considers the principle of construction and functioning of the high-speed pyrometric device for object temperature control with adaptive sensitivity is considered.


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Question: arge sitive Area I A ~~bmicr~n C

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This work? presents SEU phenomena in a&anced SRAM memory cells. Using mixed-mode simulation, the effects of scaling on the notions of sensitive area and critical charge is shown. Specifically, we quantify the influence of parasitic bipolar action in cells fabricated in a submicron technology.

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In this paper. WF discuss a ticciarativr & ohjrrtorirni~rl languag~, C'ISIIA L. lor imagc undrrstanding. in thc anotFlcr words, givrn rplationships arrloI1g rornprrncnts of an ohjcrt writt~n in VIStiAL. thr infrrvr~rr rrigin~ of VISIIAJ, will a~i~amatirallp locatc ll~r ohjrct in ZIP inlag?. TIIP orltpr1t of tliv ~ngin~ is a dataf)mc of tlir okjrr.ta ant1 a 1V x N 2-D map wllicl~ contains ihr hol~ndary ~~oints of each ol) j~rt in 1 IIP datal~as~. Thosr points are ntlrnh~rrd arcording to tllr indires of lh~ 01,jwts in t,hr datahxv~. The inl~rmr~ pngi~e oi VISlJh I, adopt rhrorriatographic srarrh on I hr map. atirl rltnoat. t he IIPX~P~~ n~iglthor~ for uriifirai ion. 'I'h~r~rorr. t,hc cnrnpritatio~ timr of uni licai ion car1 b~ grcatly rrdr~crd.


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Question: Filament-Winding Fabrication of QCSEE Configuration Fan Blades.

Abstract : The objective of this program was to design and fabricate twelve NASA-QCSEE type composite fan blades utilizing wet filament winding fabrication techniques. All composite fibers were continuous and attached to the root ends. All components were formed, bended and co-cured in one molding process. Advanced fiber materials used in the blade fabrication were Thoinel-200, Carbolon 2-2-1, and Carbolon 2-3 graphite in an epoxy train matrix.

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Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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'['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Is topical treatment of osteoarthritis site-specific?']' == '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'As Vivian McAlister notes, the study by Hui and associates[1][1] demonstrated some systemic absorption of diclofenac after topical application. However, the plasma level was only 11.8 (standard deviation [SD] 4.2) ng/mL, approximately 125 times below the level seen after ingestion of a 50-mg tablet']' != '['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:', 'Many ocular diseases including ophthalmoxerosis are related to autoimmune system.Management of these conditions is often challenging.Topical eye drops of ciprofloxacin or chloramphenicol,are the mainstay of current treatments for patients with ocular disease usually cause light gastrointestinal side effect,or result in leucopenia,even aplastic anemia,respectively.Recently,a topical cyclosporin A(CsA) preparation became available for use in ophthalmology.CsA is an immunomodulator which specifically inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation without systemic side effects.In this paper we review specific preparation of CsA to help notice its uses in the future.']'

Question: Pokharan Vs Chhagai Hills The Nuclear Dilemma For India And Pakistan

Thank you very much for reading pokharan vs chhagai hills the nuclear dilemma for india and pakistan. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this pokharan vs chhagai hills the nuclear dilemma for india and pakistan, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.

Foreward Ratan N Tata - Ratan N Tata Preface India Inclusive Turning Points Learning Fields Crises of Aspiration Looking for a Crisis of Aspiration Changing Our Clocks New Ways The Tower of Babbling Shaping India Bibliography Index


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Question: A Method for Solving the Inverse Problem of Kinematics of Anthropomorphic Manipulators with Spherical Wrist

The inverse problem of anthropomorphic manipulator kinematics in one that presents difficulties. In this paper is presented the method for solving the inverse problem of kinematics by treating the manipulator as two subsystems — the minimal configuration and the wrist.

Design of an Isolated Airfoil in an Ideal Incompressible Fluid. Account of Compressibility and Viscosity. Airfoil Design for a Given Range of Angels of Attack. Design of Mechanized Airfoils and Airfoils with Permeable Contour. Design Problems for Airfoils with Partially Given Contour. Airfoil Cascade Design. Aerohydrodynamically Reasonable Velocity Distributions. Regularization and Optimization in Inverse Boundary Value Problems of Hydrodynamics.


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Examples:
'['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Powder for clay-like composition for forming sintered silver-copper alloy object using copper compound, clay-like composition, and method for producing clay-like composition']' == '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Powder for a clay-like composition for forming a sintered silver-copper alloy object, the powder being a powder component containing silver-containing powder and powder of a copper compound, wherein the powder of a copper compound contains a compound that changes to copper oxide at 550°C or lower.']' != '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'A corrosion-resistant coating method for a separator of a molten carbonate fuel cell is provided to form a corrosion-resistant surface layer simply and inexpensively and prevent the contamination of the backside of an object to be coated. The corrosion-resistant coating method for a separator of a molten carbonate fuel cell comprises the steps of: (S10) mixing an aluminum powder and an organic additive to form an aluminum paste; (S20) coating the separator with the aluminum paste by screen printing; and (S30) heat-treating the separator for a predetermined time to form a surface layer composed of an aluminum compound on the separator. The coating agent consists of an aluminum paste formed by mixing the aluminum powder and the organic additive.']'

Question: A tolerancing procedure for inherently compensated, rectangular aerostatic thrust bearings

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Abstract Manufacturing errors on aerostatic bearing surfaces and orifice geometry are known to impair performance. Theoretical analyses were carried out on a rectangular thrust bearing for the most common form of gap non-uniformities — tilt, concavity, convexity and waviness at various spatial wavelengths, as well as changes in orifice diameter and position from the bearing edge. The results illustrate the sensitivity of both static load and stiffness to various forms of manufacturing error. A tolerancing procedure is recommended to limit changes in static load and stiffness to 10%.

Abstract : Contents: Oscillations and stability of shafts on an oil film; Influence of the oil layer in plain bearings on the stability and critical speeds of high-speed rotors; Oscillations of a rotor on an oil film; Investigation of natural oscillations of a flexible rotor on plain bearings; Operational dynamics of flexible rotors of turbogenerators on built-in plain bearings; Investigation of the influence of elastic and damping properties of oil film on critical speeds of rotors of ship turbines; Forced oscillations of shaft leads of turbine units; Dynamics of rotor hydrostatic bearings; and Lubrication of packaging of rotors of turbogenerators; Calculation of thrust bearings and butt packings of rotors of turbogenerators; The question of the oscillation of rotors in slot packings of hydromachines.


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Question: Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial permeability with flunarizine in vitro and in experimental atheromas

Repeated weak electrical stimulations of rabbit carotid artery walls with implanted electrodes cause intimal proliferations of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and lead to fribromuscular plaques beneath the anode. If the animals receive a cholesterol-enriched diet the plaques become typical atheromas. The endothelial lining is maintained. The procedure for the production of an atheroma with 11 ± 4 layers of SMC lasts 4 weeks. Addition of the calcium antagonist Flunarizine to the food during the stimulation periods inhibits the growth of the plaque. The inhibition is dose-dependent.

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Darbepoetin- α inhibits the perpetuation of necro-inflammation and delays the progression of cholestatic fibrosis in mice


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Question: The political business cycle if the government is not myopic: An integration of the long-run and short-run models of the political business cycle

Abstract Using the framework of the Nordhaus model, a long-run and a short-run model of the political business cycle are integrated. It is shown that under general conditions the optimal policy for a vote-maximizing government will lead to the generation of a political business cycle, providing some dynamic tradeoff exists between politically relevant variables. If government and voters apply the same discount rate, the average unemployment rate will be higher — and conversely, the average inflation rate lower — than the socially optimal one.

The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of two aggregate key variables, real income and prices, in a small open economy. The monetary approach to the balance of payments constitutes the analytical framework of the present study. Nevertheless, t


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Question: Library Guides: Rare Books and Early Manuscripts at the University of Chicago Library: About

This guide contains resources, descriptions, and tutorials on how to use the rare book and early manuscript collections at the University of Chicago Library. There is also information and resources on book history, printing, and book collecting.

Information resources for the course SOCI H396 Violence and Democracy taught by Dr. L. Voigt at the Monroe Library, Loyola University New Orleans.


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Question: It's Not What it Seems. A Semantic Account of ‘Seems’ and Seemings

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I start out by reviewing the semantics of ‘seem’. As ‘seem’ is a subject-raising verb, ‘it seems’ can be treated as a sentential operator. I look at the semantic and logical properties of ‘it seems’. I argue that ‘it seems’ is a hyperintensional and contextually flexible operator. The operator distributes over conjunction but not over disjunction, conditionals or semantic entailments. I further argue that ‘it seems’ does not commute with negation and does not agglomerate with conjunction. I then show that the mental states expressed by perceptual uses of ‘seem’ have non-conceptual, yet perspectival contents. In the final part of the paper I argue that while the content of the mental states expressed by perceptual uses of ‘seem’ are non-conceptual, having a mental state of this type requires possessing conceptual abilities corresponding to what the mental state represents.

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Preface. Some Autobiographical Reminiscences. Non Responsibility/Responsibility and Partial Responsibility. By Diverse Routes. 'Thick Coming Fancies'. A Failure to Register. Grievous and Other Bodily Harms. Thou Shall Not Commit Murder. Sex - Lawful and Unlawful. No Smoke Without Fire. 'The Malady of Not Marking'. Envoi


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Question: Electric Potential Patterns Deduced for the SUNDIAL Period of 23-26 September 1986

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Abstract : Reprint: Electrical Potential Patterns Deduced for the SUNDIAL period of 23-26 September 1986.

Note: American Geophysical Union, Models and observations of land-atmosphere interaction. (V. Lakshmi, J. Albertson, and J. Schaake, Editors), 7-13 Reference EFLUM-CHAPTER-2001-001 Record created on 2005-09-08, modified on 2017-02-23


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Question: Not your patient? You can still be sued for malpractice

"It is prudent for providers to know the law of the jurisdiction where they practice and any applicable policies surrounding consult and documentation," advises Brianne Goodwin, JD, RN.

Misleading advertisements for academic jobs are infuriating for everyone. Can we stop them? Misleading advertisements for academic jobs are infuriating for everyone. Can we stop them?


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Question: Choose the right mixer wagon for your conditions

Prosopis trees and plants such as blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) are the cause of many a problem in numerous livestock production areas, among others reducing the carrying capacity of the land by half. A deforestation project can cost the landowner a lot of money. Dr Niekie van Aswegen of De Aar not only approaches his farming enterprise scientifically, but also employs an economic approach. His problem is Prosopis encroachment, but he uses a mixer and pelleting machine to transform these invasive species into a good basis for his livestock feed. The cost savings and beneficial deforestation gained in the process, more than makes up for the machines he had to buy for this purpose.

This pathfinder will guide you through the process of researching and comparing a variety of organisms.