Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The "Refined" Purport of Shan Gu's Views on Art

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

For instance, <<['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'A system for remediating groundwater contaminated with halogenated solvents, certain metals and other inorganic species based on catalytic reduction reactions within reactive well bores. The groundwater treatment uses dissolved hydrogen as a reducing agent in the presence of a metal catalyst, such a palladium, to reduce halogenated solvents (as well as other substituted organic compounds) to harmless species (e.g., ethane or methane) and immobilize certain metals to low valence states. The reactive wells function by removing water from a contaminated water-bearing zone, treating contaminants with a well bore using catalytic reduction, and then reinjecting the treated effluent into an adjacent water-bearing zone. This system offers the advantages of a compact design with a minimal surface footprint (surface facilities) and the destruction of a broad suite of contaminants without generating secondary waste streams.']>>  to <<['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!', 'A Scientific Case for the Elimination of Chimpanzees in Research']>>

Shan Gu's views on art, interlinked with his opinion of calligraphy and painting, are filled with a refined purport, which is reflective of the aesthetic fashion in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, Shan Gu's views like "remoulding oneself thoroughly" and "turning a stone into gold by touching" should also be vividly comprehended in line with such a refined purport.

Introduction Flight From Freedom Flight From Confrontation The "Niggar" Situation of Egyptian Women Joy in Life and Love of This World Degradation of True Faith Flight from Political Realities Coping with the Absurdity of Existence Mahfouz's Spiritual Contribution Appendix: Mahfouz's Life, His Works, and the Critical Reaction Selected Bibliography Index


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: A Neuromorphic VLSI Circuit for Spike-Based Random Sampling

This paper presents a novel, neuromorphic circuit that produces a continuous stream of analog random samples. The circuit encodes these samples by the temporal difference between the onset times of two subsequent voltage jumps, which mimic action potentials of biological neurons. By combining elegantly concepts from renewal theory and analog very large scale integrated technology, the circuit is principally able to sample from arbitrary distributions of positive, real random variables. Moreover, these distributions can be defined online by the circuit-user in terms of an input current time-series, without the need to reconfigure the circuit. We show results from this circuit fabricated in a CMOS 0.35- $\mu \text{m}$ technology process. Random sampling is demonstrated for the uniform, exponential, and—by means of circuit simulation—also for a more complex bimodal distribution.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Nut and nut riveting technology

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

The invention relates to a nut and a nut riveting technology. The nut is provided with a plurality of trapezoid bosses which are arranged at the periphery on one end surface; the trapezoid bosses are in a trapezoid shape from the axial direction of the nut; the top edge is arranged on the external side of the internal bottom side; the end surface is also provided with a cylindrical punch; the punch is more protruding than the trapezoid bosses in the axial direction; the trapezoid bosses are distributed on the peripheral side of the punch.

The characteristics of TRICONEX TS3000 system and applied in propylene refrigeration compressor unit are introduced.


Question: A protocol to realize triatomic ultralong range Rydberg molecules in an ultracold KRb gas

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

We propose an experimentally realizable scheme to produce triatomic ultralong-range Rydberg molecules (TURM), formed in ultracold KRb traps. A near resonant coupling of the non-zero quantum defect Rydberg levels with the KRb molecule in N=0 and N=2 rotational levels, is engineered which exploits the unique Rydberg electron-molecule anisotropic dipole interaction. This near resonant coupling enhances the TURM binding and produces favorable Franck-Condon factors. Schemes for both postassium and rubidium excitations are demonstrated.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

A 760 mW stable continuous-wave narrow-linewidth 253.7 nm deep-ultraviolet laser is developed for laser cooling of mercury atoms. It is based on a high-power 1014.8 nm room-temperature fiber laser amplifier and two cascaded efficient frequency-doubling stages. The saturated absorption spectrum of Hg202 on the 6S01-6P13 transition is demonstrated with a high signal-to-noise ratio. This deep-ultraviolet laser has significant applications in quantum optics and laser cooling of mercury atoms in 2D and 3D magneto-optical traps.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Phenol esters as perfuming ingredient

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

The present invention relates to the field of perfumery. More particularly, the formula (I) [wherein, R C The present invention also relates to compositions or articles containing said compound.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

The present invention relates to a semi-solid chemical roughness aqueous pharmaceutical composition for topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs. The composition includes one or more NSAI drug, a non-basic polymeric skin penetration enhancer and a lipophilic solvent. Art polymeric skin penetration enhancer is present in an amount sufficient to enhance the skin penetration of the NSAI drug. Lipophilic solvent is a mixture of an aliphatic C Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, skin penetration enhancers, lipophilic solvents, semi-finish, and eat octopus


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Finding Sparse Solutions for Packing and Covering Semidefinite Programs

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

Packing and covering semidefinite programs (SDPs) appear in natural relaxations of many combinatorial optimization problems as well as a number of other applications. Recently, several techniques were proposed, that utilize the particular structure of this class of problems, to obtain more efficient algorithms than those offered by general SDP solvers. For certain applications, such as those described in this paper, it may be desirable to obtain {\it sparse} dual solutions, i.e., those with support size (almost) independent of the number of primal constraints. In this paper, we give an algorithm that finds such solutions, which is an extension of a {\it logarithmic-potential} based algorithm of Grigoriadis, Khachiyan, Porkolab and Villavicencio (SIAM Journal of Optimization 41 (2001)) for packing/covering linear programs.

This lecture describes the following topics: • Preamble on Linear Algebra • Dynamic and Static Models • Solving Dynamic and Static Models • Solving Optimization Problems • Solving Regression Problems


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about:

Question: In vitro micropropagatiing of apical meristem and seed breeding to the 10th Ningde-sweet potato

To keep the good character of 10th Ningde-sweet potato,extend the seed application experience in field,virus-free plantlets was obtained by apical meristem culture and indicator plant detection method.The experimental results showed that the first culture medium for apical meristem growth of the 10th Ningde-sweet potato was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,seedling rate up to 94.4%,and subculture medium for stem segments propagating was 6-BA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L,the propagation coefficient was up to 5 times.The yield of its virus-free seedling increased by 16.5% than that of the control original varieties,reached extremely significant level,so it could be popularized in large area.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

This standard operating procedure(SOP) of Seedlings multiplication defintely gives the regulations on germplasm charaters,natural conditions in seed resource bases,multiplication technologies of tissue-cultured seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle) C.Jeffrey.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: A Hierarchical Model of IT Performance Evaluation from Resource Based View

This study divided firm's IT resources into three categories from resource-based view of firm:IT infrastructure resource,IT human resource and complementary organizational resources. It pointed out that IT resources impact organizational performance via business processes,and brought forward a hierarchical model of IT performance evaluation. It also used a case to illustrate evaluation scope and measurement of every level to help management carry out effective assessment of IT business value.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

How to Think About R&D Quality. Organizing for Quality in R&D. Measuring R&D Quality. Assessing R&D Quality Status. Intellectual Property Management Process Improvement. Implementing Quality in Research: A Case Example. Views and Lessons Learned at the Top. References. Index.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: γ5 transformations and supersymmetry

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.
------
Given ['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'In this letter, a novel electromagnetic band-gap structure (EBG) with single-ring resonators is inkjet-printed on the commercially available photo paper using conductive nano-silver ink. The printed EBG array is placed above a copper sheet, forming an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector at the designed frequency range (2.4 ~ 2.5 GHz). A microstrip monopole antenna is backed with the designed AMC reflector and is tested in free space and in contact with a human phantom. The antenna gain of a conventional microstrip monopole on human phantom is as low as -9 dBi. The gain of the proposed AMC backed monopole, measured on a human phantom is 0.95 dBi. The measurements demonstrate superior performance of the proposed monopole with EBG array compared to a conventional microstrip monopole antenna when they are considered for wearable applications.'], a positive would be ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Monopole Antenna With Inkjet-Printed EBG Array on Paper Substrate for Wearable Applications']

The algebra of supersymmetry transformations including a gamma 5 transformation but not the full conformal group is studied and shown to imply strong restrictions on invariant actions. The connection to the R invariance of Fayet (1974) is made obvious.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Department of Physics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga-577 451, India(Dated: March15,2010)The Majorana representation of symmetric N-qubit states is employed here to investigate howcorrelationinformationofthewholepuresymmetricstategetsimprintedinitsparts. Itisshownthatreducedstatesof(N−1)qubitsuniquelyspecifytheentireclassofpureN qubitstatescontainingtwodistinctspinors.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: On Research of Arsenic Pollution Influencing Telltale Animals From Soil

This paper used pot experiment to prove that arsenic influences fauna from the soil to some extent.It also shows that the species and quantity of fauna would decline dramatically due to the different concentration of arsenic pollution.Author proves that the species and quantity of fauna will increase with the change of arsenic pollution which is based on the arsenic pollution index.The dominant species are Acari,Hymenoptera,Collembola and Homoptera from soil.By controlling arsenic ion concentration on purpose,the number of fauna is decreasing sharply.This indicates that species number and evenness index had a negative correlation with the index of arsenic ion concentration designing by experiment significantly.At last,it concludes that Acari,Hymenoptera,Collembola and Homoptera can used as telltale animals to measure arsenic pollution to the soil.

Mining Non-ferrous Metals The Environmental Impact of Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon Revegetation of Metalliferous Wastes and Land After Metal Mining Vegetative Remediation at Superfund Sites Green Coal Mining Methane Emissions from Coal Mining Constructing Ecosystems and Detecting their Connectivity to the Larger Ecological Landscape The Discharge of Waters from Active and Abandoned Mines Environmental Best-practice in Metals Production. Subject Index.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Modeling of micromagnetic Barkhausen activity using a stochastic process extension to the theory of hysteresis

Recent work by Bertotti [IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG‐24, 621 (1988)] and others has shown that it is possible to model the micromagnetic Barkhausen discontinuities at the coercive point using a two‐parameter stochastic model. However, the present formulation of the model is restricted to limited regions of the hysteresis curve over which dM/dH is approximately constant and when dH/dt is held at a constant rate. A natural extension of this model is to take the basic result, in which the level of Barkhausen activity in one time period is related to the activity in the previous time period, and increment it by a small amount which is dependent on the differential permeability. The extension of the model proposed here uses the theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis to determine the differential permeability at any point of the hysteresis loop. The Barkhausen activity is then assumed to vary in proportion to the differential permeability. The resulting model allows the Barkhausen sum of discontinuous changes in magnetiz...

The investigation includes the observation of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition for a weak dipolar interaction. The system with strong dipolar interaction reveals the striped domain structure. Bilayer model with dipolar interlayer interaction demonstrates its effective antiferromagnetic character. Memory effects in ultrathin magnetic films are studied on basis of analysis of non-equilibrium relaxation of the autocorrelation function and magnetization.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Charging device for electronic cigarette

The utility model relates to a charging device for an electronic cigarette, which comprises a main body, wherein a USB plug is arranged at one end of the main body, a connection port matched with an electronic cigarette charging port is arranged at the other end of the main body, and the connection port is electrically connected with the USB plug. The plug of the charging device adopts the USB plug, so that the electronic cigarette can be directly charged on a computer or other places with a USB interface, thereby providing convenience for users who often use computers; the device has small volume and is convenient for carrying; and in addition, an ordinary power plug with a USB interface is also configured, so that the charging device can realizing charging through the power plug when equipment with a USB interface is not available.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

There is provided a mobile telephone handset connector (8) and circuits (18, 19) to the circuit (18, 19) is a personal computer, other mobile phone universal serial bus (USB) with the other device, such as a handset or keyboard data transfer mode and it allows for a single-ended (SE) data transfer mode. Communications, interface, the electronic apparatus, the mobile telephone


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!

Question: Effect of anoxic selector configuration on sludge volume index control and bacterial population fingerprinting.

The effect of single-stage and 4-stage anoxic selectors and an anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) on the removal of readily biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (rbCOD) and slowly biodegradable COD (sbCOD) and on filamentous growth and sludge settleability was studied. Microbial community fingerprinting in the three selector configurations was done using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Nostocoida limicola II and type 1851 filamentous bacteria were observed n in all systems. The diluted sludge volume index (DSVI) decreased with increased selector staging. The rbCOD was almost completely removed in all selectors, and the lower DSVI values with increased selector staging were the result of greater sbCOD removal in the selector. The plug-flow kinetics in the SBR aerobic phase also improved DSVI. The bacteria community composition in the 4-stage selector system was found to be more similar to that for the SBR than for the single-stage selector.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

A structured mathematical model of competition between sulphate reduction and methanogenesis in anaerobic reactors has been developed. This model includes multiple-reaction stoichiometry, microbial growth kinetics, conventional material balances for an ideally mixed reactor, liquid gas interactions and liquid phase equilibrium chemistry. The model agrees well with existing experimental studies of this competition in anaerobic reactors. Hypothetical computer simulations are presented to illustrate the influence of hydraulic retention time, SO2−4 : COD ratio, initial proportion of sulphate reducing and methanogenic bacteria in seed sludge, sludge retention, hydrogen sulphide inhibition and other factors on the outcome of this competition.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: A biochemical approach toward the systematics of the Leptothorax “muscorum”Group in North America (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Abstract Enzyme patterns have been used to distinguish among a number of morphologically very similar ant species belonging to the Leptothorax “muscoru” group in North America. Not counting the already described species L. retractus, L. sphagnicolus and L. crassipilis , the complex apparently consists of at least three or four more different taxa.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Coriophagus calcaneus n. sp. (Coriophaginae) and Halictophagus prominens n. sp. (Halictophaginae) are described from India. Coriophagus calcaneus is the first record of the genus Coriophagus Kinzelbach from India. The genus Coriophagus is restricted in the Gondwanaland, while Halictophagus Curtis has a cosmopolitan distribution.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!

Question: Study on Anisotropy in CoFeZrRE Amorphous Films

The coherent anisotropy has been studied in amorphous(Co_ 73 Fe_ 20 Zr_ 7 )_ 100-x (RE)_ x films with variety of magnetic rare earth elements,and their concentration(0≤x≤3).The origin of the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy Ku and the perpendicular anisotropy Kp has been discussed.The sputter deposition was performed in a magnetic field.For RE=Nd,Pr,Dy and Tb,the formation of well-defined Ku is related to the single-ion anisotropy of RE atoms.When RE=Gd and Sm,a biaxial anisotropy(Ku and Kp)develops,which is expected to be related to the simultaneous formation of two distinct local structural configurations when the deposition temperature is higher than the critical value.

Abstract : Contents: Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs superlattices, Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa(2), Electronic structure study of the Pt-Ga intermetallic thin films on GaAs (100) using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, RHEED Studies of Epitaxial Growth of CoGa on GaAs by MBE-Determination of epitaxial phases and orientations, Internal Photoemission in CoGa/GaAs Schottky Barriers, Possible Injection of Electrons into the L Valley, Chemistry of Metal/ Compound-Semiconductor Interfaces, Phase Stability Versus The Lattice Mismatch of (100)Co1-xGa(x) Thin Films on (100)GaAs, Electrical resistivity of ultrathin, epitaxial CoGa on GaAs, and Growth and Annealing of Co(1-x)Ga(x) Thin Films on GaAs (100).


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Effects of “set” and intellectual level on the perception of casuality

Summary 2 groups of observers of widely different intellectual levels participated in 2 experiments. One group consisted of 34 mental defectives (mean I.Q. 59), the other comprised 44 University students. The aim was to determine (a) whether the responses of the 2 groups to stimuli which, acording to Michotte, should (or should not) give rise to causal experiences, were comparable, (b) whether “set” or “preparation” of the observers, by the interpolation of stimuli favourable or unfavourable to causal experiences, had any effect on their responses. The obtained data indicate that (a) the responses of the 2 groups did not differ under conditions of “no preparation”, i.e. before a “set” had developed, (b) “set” did not develop in mental defectives, (c) normal observers, when prepared unfavourably for causal responses, gave non-causal responses to stimuli which would otherwise have given rise to causal responses.

Abstract The research findings in this study indicate increases in skill acquisition following systematic group leadership training.


Question:
represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract:

Given ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!', 'Application of Obscure Operation in Military Warfare Environment'], a positive would be ['represent text', 'This paper expounds the obscurity in military warfare environment,emphasizing on the construction of functions in military warfare environment description.'] & a negative would be ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!', 'Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.']

Question: System for Performing Resource Management and Control and Task Scheduling in Grid Computing

In order to make full use of resources in distributed parallel computing system, and reduce general time cost for performing the algorithm, task scheduling and resource management model and low-layer resource supervision-control model are designed and implemented. The unpredictable system behavior is resolved, which is caused by dynamic change resources. The dynamic join-in of resources is allowed. A large expansibility is characteristic. The genetic algorithm is used as scheduling policy, which enables this system to attain global optimum task scheduling. The GMA-based LDAP protocol is adopted in the system. The static data and dynamic ones are stored in directory service to reduce the interaction between the client and the server. Since the data can be obtained in one access, a shared resource environment with uniform programming interface is supplied to user.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.

Traditional Management and Management Engineering.- Dynamic Supply and Demand Balance Problems.- Linear and Probabilistic Resource Optimization and Allocation Problems.- Forecasting of Time Series.- Business Intelligence and Data Mining.- The Use of Game Theory.- Summary of Some Fundamental Management Engineering Principles.- Concluding Remarks.


Question: represent the input

Question: Budgeting under central economic planning in china, 1949-1978

This paper examines public budgeting in the first 30 years of China under central economic planning and one-party system. The research question is whether budgeting operates as it does under market economy in a democratic system. Analysis of historical documents finds that as a subordinate to central economic planning, budgeting was not able to play its functions. Though China was successful in employing all fiscal and monetary means to channel resources into targeted policy areas, budgeting was not effectively used as an administrative instrument. In the 30 years examined, the country seemed to be searching in vain for a workable budgeting system so as to avoid repeated financial frustrations.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title: Examples:

"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'It is established that Musca conformis Fallen, 1825, in the combination Pegomya conformis (Fallen), is a valid senior synonym of P. esuriens (Meigen).']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about!', 'Identity of Musca conformis Fallén, 1825, with a new synonymy in the genus Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)']"

Negotiating on orange imports, 1977-88 negotiating on rice, 1986-93 the FSX negotiations, 1985-93 security negotiations, 1994-96.


Question: represent this

Question: Syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of the banana-shaped tungstophosphates: [M6(H2O)2(PW9O34)2(PW6O26)]17− (MII=NiII, CoII)

Two new banana-shaped tungstophosphates [M6(H2O)2(PW9O34)2(PW6O26)]17 − (MII = NiII, CoII) incorporating two types of lacunary polyoxometalate units have been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, and UV spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analyses show that Na6H11[Ni6(H2O)2(PW9O34)2(PW6O26)] · 32H2O (1) and Na7H10[Co6(H2O)2(PW9O34)2(PW6O26)] · 31H2O (2) are generated from two tri-MII substituted B-α-[(MOH2)M2PW9O34] Keggin units connected by a hexavacant [PW6O26]11− Keggin fragment, leading to the MII-containing banana-shaped tungstophosphates. Magnetic properties of 2 show decrease of the molar magnetic susceptibility at higher temperatures results from spin-orbit coupling of CoII and antiferromagnetic interactions whereas the maximum at the lower temperatures is indicative of the ferromagnetic interactions within the trinuclear CoII spin cluster in the sandwich belt.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Facial- and meridional-isomers of tris[benzyl(2-methylimidazol-4-ylmethylidene)amine]iron(II) chloride hexafluorophosphate with the formulas of fac-[Fe(HLMe-Benz)3]Cl·PF6·EtOH·H2O (1) and mer-[Fe(H...


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Reframed Identity : Red Cross nurses' identity formation between 1945 and 1977

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

The overall aim is to explore the construction of nurse identity at the Red Cross Nursing School (RCNS) in Sweden, between 1945 and 1977, when nursing became part of the system of higher education ...

Presents a history, based on original archival and primary source material, of the Baptist mission educational situation of Cameroon province from 1922 to 1945.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The crystal structure of 9-butoxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-imidazo[1,5-a]quinolin-10-ium bromide, C17H21O2N2Br

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Reactions of monocyclic 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrole2,3-diones with acyclic enamino ketones were not studied previously. We examined reactions of methyl 1-aryl-3-benzoyl-4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2carboxylates Ia and Ib [1] with equimolar amounts of 4-arylaminopent-3-en-2-ones IIa and IIb and 3-(4-tolylamino)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one (IIc). The reactants were heated in boiling anhydrous benzene or m-xylene for 2–240 min (until the reaction mixture turned colorless), and the products were the corresponding 9-acetyl-1,7-diaryl-4-benzoyl-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nona-3,8-diene-2,6diones IIIa and IIIb and 9-acetyl-1,7-diaryl-4-benzoyl-3-hydroxy-8-phenyl-1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nona-3,8diene-2,6-diones IIIc and IIId. The spectral parameters of spiro compounds IIIa–IIId were very similar to those of model octahydrospiro[indole-3,2'-pyrroles] whose structure was proved by X-ray analysis [2, 3].


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.

Question: Bevacizumab and relapsed ovarian cancer: too many serious and life-threatening adverse effects.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

No proven increase in overall survival when bevacizumab is added to carboplatin and gemcitabine, but significant, sometimes fatal additional adverse effects.

Some intractable cases of arthritis are now responding to techniques borrowed from cancer therapy. For example, the investigational use of cytotoxic drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that does not respond to conventional therapy is expanding, although rheumatologists warn that there are potential hazards similar to those encountered in cancer chemotherapy. According to Gary W. Williams, MD, PhD, of the Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Calif, cytotoxic drugs do not eliminate rheumatic disorders, but they often are effective in suppressing immunologic overactivity, eradicating self-tolerance, and reducing inflammation. Still, not the least of their possible side effects is induction of cancer. At this point, the cytotoxic drug of choice, especially for younger RA patients, appears to be methotrexate because it is relatively well tolerated and has a low risk of carcinogenicity. According to Williams, over a 42-month period, 84 of 87 RA patients were able to


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Power system disturbance analysis and power quality monitoring

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

In this paper, results of a successfully tested automatic disturbance recording, fault and power quality analysis and information distribution system are presented. The distributed system includes intelligent electronic devices (IED) in several major and small substations. The focus of the application is the quick and reliable analysis of any abnormal behavior of a metropolitan power system. The power system consists of different sections in various locations and includes voltage levels from 400 V up to 380 kV. The target of the maintenance group is "to know what has happened and what we have to do before the customer calls".

The advent of the new active distribution networks with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) connected to the customer side of the meter guarantees a solution to the ever-increasing power demand. But simultaneously imposes some major confrontation to the previously installed protection system. Two-way power flow, significant changes in magnitude and direction of fault current may lead to non-discriminative, non-selective operation, and failure of the protection system. With multiple power flow directions more directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) needs to be inducted into the existing systems. The paper proposes an effective implementation of a digital Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) Overcurrent (OC) Relay and its directional counterpart in MATLAB Simulink® environment and discusses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based relay coordination scheme considering radial topology of the micro-grid in grid-connected mode.


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!

Question: Today's Hometown of Metasequoia - Lichuan, Hubei, China

After sixty years of the discovery of the "Living Fossil", Metaseuqoia glyptostroboides, from China, the news of her mystery story is still sparking the readers worldwide. However, for various reasons, the hometown of Metasequoia has not been visited for most of readers, even after Chinese government has opened it's door to botanizing since 1980s; and more important, the current situation of this mystery tree in there are still not known well today. Here we present you detailed information on the hometown of the "Living Fossil" with it's various resources of geography, weather, forests, vegetation, species, Metasequoia native trees as well as protection state as well as the travel information first time in the natural history of Metasequoia.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

CASPIANs benefit concert from The Old South Church in Boston, MA is available for streaming. Live At Old South Church Track Listing: 01. ...


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: CFTR pharmacology and its role in intestinal fluid secretion.

represent this

For example, ["represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title\n\n\nFor example, 'We present a technique to extract relevant information from the literature to aid in the analysis of a typical genomics data set. Analysis was conducted using PDQ_MED, a program based on the assumption that if two genes are found to be related under an experimental paradigm, such as a gene chip experiment, then any literature which relates the two genes is of interest. PDQ_MED searches MEDLINE for abstracts that contain two or more of the terms in the user’s query set. For this paper, we have used PDQ_MED to analyze 160 genes up-regulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from the NCI-60 dataset. PDQ_MED executed 12,880 queries to MEDLINE and identified nearly 300,000 abstracts that refer to at least one of the 160 terms. PDQ_MED identified and analyzed a set of 81 terms that can be grouped together via the literature. In addition, there is literature directly linking 52 of the terms with AML. Overall, the literature analysis identified 1028 sentences that directly relate two or more of the query genes.' should be close to 'Extracting Knowledge from Genomic Experiments by Incorporating the Biomedical Literature'", 'escape from ward six russia facing past and present is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the escape from ward six russia facing past and present is universally compatible with any devices to read.'] should be similar to ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Escape From Ward Six Russia Facing Past And Present']

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated Cl(-) channel expressed in epithelial cells in the airways, pancreas, intestine and other fluid-transporting tissues. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR, resulting in impaired Cl(-) transport and plasma membrane targeting. CFTR is expressed in the lumenal membrane of enterocytes, where it functions as the principal pathway for secretion of Cl(-) and fluid in enterotoxin-induced secretory diarrheas such as cholera. Small-molecule CFTR inhibitors reduce enterotoxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion in animal models. CFTR inhibition might also reduce intestinal fluid losses in cholera and possibly in other infectious and non-infectious diarrheas.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Fewshot example: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', 'A terminal equipped with buttons having display functions and a display method therefor are provided to display plural images determined by an inclined shape of the terminal on plural buttons equipped in the terminal without reducing the size of the buttons even though there are many functions executable in the terminal. A sensor(110) senses gravity acceleration exerted on a terminal, at fixed coordinates for the terminal. A calculator(120) calculates an inclined shape of the terminal by using the sensed results. Plural buttons(130-1~130-N) display plural images by responding to a control signal. A controller(140) generates the control signal for instructing display of the images shown by image data corresponding to changes of the calculated results among prepared image data.']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'Terminal having display button and method of displaying using the display button']"

Chloride Intracellular Channel Proteins (CLICs) have been implicated in cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and abnormal angiogenesis. However, no studies have explored the direct role of expression of CLICs on cardiac function or the effect of CLIC-dysregulation in


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: An Underwater Acoustic Intensity Probe

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper For instance, <<['Represent the next text', 'Text attribute transfer using non-parallel data requires methods that can perform disentanglement of content and linguistic attributes. In this work, we propose multiple improvements over the existing approaches that enable the encoder-decoder framework to cope with the text attribute transfer from non-parallel data. We perform experiments on the sentiment transfer task using two datasets. For both datasets, our proposed method outperforms a strong baseline in two of the three employed evaluation metrics.']>>  to "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Improved Neural Text Attribute Transfer with Non-parallel Data']"

A problem of long standing in acoustic research is that of determining the sound intensity at some point in a body of liquid. The usual approach has been to make a sound pressure measurement at the point in question. One may then convert to intensity, using a known or assumed value for the acoustic impedance. The foregoing method has several drawbacks. Accordingly, we have undertaken to measure sound intensity directly, by observing the rate at which sound degenerates into heat in a small body of low Q solid material, placed in the liquid at the point in question. The pellet is made small, and its supporting stem very thin, in order to disturb the sound field just as little as possible. A particular objective has been to make the dimensions of the pellet small compared to the wavelength, under which condition one may properly apply lump‐constant theory in analyzing the acoustics of the system. With our present probe, this desirable condition prevails at all frequencies below about 200 kcps.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Brexit: Implications for Europe

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

This paper discusses the exit of the United Kingdom from the EU and the potential implications this will have for both the UK, as well as for Europe. After presenting a brief review of the history of the UK-EU relations, we discuss the economic implications of different Brexit arrangements for both Britain and Europe. Finally, we address what reforms Europe needs to undertake in order to function properly and avoid the risk of dissolution.

Part of Energy Forum study on "Unlocking the Assets: Energy and the Future of Central Asia and the Caucasus"


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: The Matrix Analysis of Mean-Variance Criteria

By the means of matrix approach, the paper analyses the solution for the mean-variance criteria. Describing the solution as linear combination of two specific portfolios, the paper gives some economic intuition for these two specific portfolios.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of One Step Universal Evolution Of Any Real Positive Number.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Study on the Extraction and Purification of Carotenoids and the Preparation of Microcapsules

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, science and technology has been greatly improved. People pay more and more attention to the quality of life, higher quality products have become the first choice for people in the future. This is a great opportunity and challenge for the food industry. Micro capsule technology can be said to be widely used in the food processing industry, and with the further development of science and technology, it will play a more important role. In the micro capsule, the addition of the carrot is a new technology, which has a high health function, can enhance the body's immunity, so that people's physical quality has been greatly improved. In this paper, the purification of carotenoids and the process of the micro capsule are discussed briefly.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Does Secular Education Impact Religiosity, Electoral Participation and the Propensity to Vote for Islamic Parties? Evidence from an Education Reform in a Muslim Country

Using a unique survey of adults in Turkey, we find that an increase in educational attainment, due to an exogenous secular education reform, decreased women’s propensity to identify themselves as religious, lowered their tendency to wear a religious head cover (head scarf, turban or burka) and increased the tendency for modernity. We also find that education has a negative impact on women’s propensity to vote for Islamic parties. The impact of education on religiosity and voting preference is not working through migration, residential location or labor force participation. There is no statistically significant impact of education on men’s tendency to vote for Islamic parties and education does not influence the propensity to cast a vote in national elections for either men or women.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

[Table of Contents]: Culture and Governance in the Mediterranean – A Rationale and Overview, by Indra de Soysa and Peter Zervakis; The Relevance of Culture in Democratic Governance – Lessons from the Western Hemisphere, by Lawrence E. Harrison; Culture in Politics and Governance – European Experiences, by Klaus von Beyme; Penser L’Espace Mediterranean, by Mohammed Arkoun; Muslim and Western Civilization – Is Co-Prosperity and Peace Possible?, by Erich Weede; Political Culture and Democracy in Turkey, by Ergun Ozbudun; The Crisis of Political Culture in the Arab World – A Conflict of Paradigms, by Paul Salem; Euro-Mediterranean Formations – Cultural Imperatives of System Change, by Dimitris K. Xenakis and Dimitris Chryssochoou; Cross-cultural Currents in the Mediterranean – What Prospects, Stephan Calleya; Politics and Governance in the Mediterranean, by Franck Biancheri; The Mediterranean - New Directions of Research and Policy-Making, by Ludger Kuhnha.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Rabbit snout growth after resection of central linear segments of nasal septal cartilage.

Central sections, ranging in width from 3 to 6 mm and in length from 9 to 15 mm were removed from the cartilaginous nasal septum in 21-day-old rabbits. Within six weeks postoperatively a lack of forward growth of the upper face and malocclusion of the incisors were noted. The postoperative survival was 16 weeks. Postmortem gross findings revealed that in the experimental animals the snout was shorter and smaller with a relative mandibular prognathism. The nasal and premaxillary bones were shorter and the nasal cavity and piriform aperture were smaller than in the control animals. After the central continuity of the septal cartilage had been interrupted, there was a dissipation of the interstitial growth force expressed in part in the overlapping of the margins and in the lessened dorsal and forward growth of the snout. A relationship exists between the site and amount of cartilaginous nasal septum resected and the location and extent of the ensuing growth arrest of the snout.

Objective To develop a new method with using surgical procedures for multiple correction of nasal deformity with cleft lip and palate.Methods Our operation procedures included elevation of the nasal floor depression in cleft side with the transplantation of autogenous cancellous bone, frustration and elevation of the nasal bone and part of the frontal process of maxilla, and replacement of septum between alar cartilages.Through these procedures, the nasal deformity could be multiply corrected.Results Postoperative follow up for 1～8years in 45 patients demonstrated satisfactory results. Conclusion Multiple correction is a new method of treatment for nasal deformity with cleft lip and palate.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Influence of thermal radiation and Joule heating on MHD flow of a Maxwell fluid in the presence of thermophoresis

This work investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) two-dimensional flow with heat and mass transfer over a stretching sheet in the presence of Joule heating and thermophoresis. The resulting partial differential equations are converted into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. Series solutions have been derived by using homotopy analysis method (HAM). The local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also computed. Graphical results for the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration fields are reported and examined for some parameters showing the interesting aspects of the obtained solutions.

Two-dimensional unsteady natural convection of a non-linear fluid represented by Criminale–Erickson–Filbey (CEF) fluid model in a square cavity is studied in the fluid for Rayleigh–Benard convection case. The governing vorticity and energy transport equations are solved numerically either simple explicit and ADI methods, respectively. The two-dimensional convective motion is generated by buoyancy forces on the fluid in a square cavity, when the vertical walls are either perfectly insulated or conducted with Biot boundary conduction condition. The contributions of the elastic and shear dependent characteristics of the liquid to the non-Newtonian behaviour are investigated on the temperature distribution and heat transfer. The effect of the Weissenberg (which is a measure of the elasticity of the fluid), Rayleigh and Biot numbers on the temperature and streamline profiles are delineated and this has been documented first time for the viscoelastic fluid.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Drying Characteristics of Mytilaria laosensis

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

According to the drying characteristics of Mytilaria.laosensis such as early cracking,internal craze,section shrinkage and so on,a drying schedule was made by the 100℃ drying test(the material was tested under the constant drying condition of 100±2℃).The result showed that early crack class,internal craze class,section shrinkage class and drying speed of M.laosensis was grade 4,grade 1,grade 2 and grade 2,respectively,and the integrated characteristics were grade 4.The time needed for 25 mm lumber dried to 10% in forced circulation draught kiln was 16(10) days(the hard-drying time in brackets was under baseline conditions).The everage longitudinal shrinkage rate,tangential shrinkage and radial shrinkage rate was 0.14%,6.67% and 4.37%,respectively.The major defects of M.laosensis were early cracking,shrinkage and distortion in the processes of drying.As for actual production process,a soft schedule is preferable,and steam-jet processing is recommended in middle and later stage of processing.

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been applied to multielemental determinations of medicinal extracts obtained from the plants.Cordia Verbenacea DC, Folidago Microglossa DC, and Petiveria Alliacea.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about:

Question: Selecting Students for Medical Education

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Abstract ::: ::: Medical schools all over the world have to select their students as the number of applicants highly exceeds the number of places available. ::: ::: In this dissertation, we examined why the current selection method employed by Erasmus MC Medical School is successful in including students who perform well during medical school, and approaches from other domains are investigated to examine whether they are of use to medical school selection.

Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: [Experience with the reflexotherapy of diskogenic pain syndromes].

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:

The article presents the results of examination of 304 patients with vertebral osteochondrosis and diskogenic pain who have been subjected to multiple-modality treatment (226 of them had various neurosurgical interventions) including acupuncture and drug therapy. Favourable therapeutic effect was achieved in 72% of the cases. Seventy patients were followed up. The authors present recommendations on the use of acupuncture in practical neurosurgery for the treatment of diskogenic pain.

The involvement of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis especially after prolonged steroid medication, is one of the most dangerous symptoms of this disease. 62 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine underwent a critical examination regarding clinical signs and neurological symptoms. According to Larsen Theses of the radiological grading of the severity of rheumatoid arthritis, we tried to develop a classification of the involvement of the upper and the low cervical spine. Clinical and neurological signs are then found especially in stadium III and IV. The bony ankylosis (stadium V) must be considered as a spontaneous healing, for all clinical and neurological signs will have vanished. Electromyographical observations showed characteristic patterns for each stadium. According to this classification the conservative and the operative treatment can be chosen.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.

Question: Bending of a thin cantilevered orthotropic plate with a concentrated load at the free edge

The problem of a thin rectangular cantilevered plate of constant thickness with a concentrated load in the center of the free edge is considered. The plate is assumed to be orthotropic, the fixed edge coinciding with the principal direction of elasticity. An equation is obtained for the normal stresses at an arbitrary point on the plate. The theoretical results are compared with experiment.

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the buckling of transversely stiffened shear webs when the stiffeners have a thickness less than that of the web-plate. It is shown that the effectiveness of such stiffeners is greatly influenced by two factors, the ratio of the thickness of the attached leg to that of the web-plate and the position of the connecting rivet. An empirical design rule relating these two factors is presented.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Novel methodology for broken-rotor-bar and bearing faults detection through SVD and information entropy

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.

This study introduces a novel methodology for early detection of broken-rotor-bars and bearing faults on induction motors by using singular value decomposition and information entropy estimation to detect motor operational condition. Proposed technique could detect these faults with a certainty greater than 99.7%. A field programmable gate array implementation is developed for online application of proposed approach in real-time.

In present paper the short-circuit fault inter-turn on the stator of an induction motor is analyzed by two online diagnosis methods. The analysis trends to extend the application of the recently proposed diagnosis technique of multiple reference frames. An eccentricity indicator is proposed to improve the application of the Park's Vector Approach and a comparison between fault indicators obtained by each one of the techniques is done. A tri-phase 3hp squirrel cage induction motor especially modified to establish different fault levels is used for validation purposes.


Question:
represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about:

E.g. ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane Support with Gradient Pore Structures'] == ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Rheological properties of suspensions with various mass fraction of alumina(with average particle size of 0.56 μm) were investigated.The effect of mass fraction of Al2O3 suspension on the pore structures of support was also studied.The alumina disk supports with gradient pore structures were successfully fabricated by using 10% in mass Al2O3 suspensions through sedimentation and subsequent vacuum filtration.The porosity and permeability of the supports as a function of sintering temperature was studied and compared with the data cited from references.The pure water flux of the supports with gradient pore structures is about 75 L/(m2?h?MPa),which is higher than that of the supports with uniform pore structures.'] != ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.']

Question: Gel former, fire-resistant gel and fire-resistant glass having improved use characteristics

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gel former which has film formability and is useful as an impregnating agent and which comprises acid ammonium phosphate and a reaction product of boric acid with an alkanolamine at a specific ratio, and further aluminum and an alkali metal. SOLUTION: An objective former is obtained by preparing (A) acid aluminum phosphate, and (B) a reaction product obtained by reaction between boric acid and an alkanolamine wherein components A and B are present at a ratio by weight of 100:50 to 100:0.5 when calculated as solids, and adding 50 to 70 wt.% of alkali metal compound to the reaction product at 10 to 100°C. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

The present invention relates to an insulating coating material and its use, in particular, relates to an insulating coating material having excellent light and wear resistance are used for electric wires and cables for aerospace. The present invention is an insulating coating material comprising at least one surface the adhesive layer of the polyimide film, the polyimide film, film weight per 1 m


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract:

Question: Serological detection of groundnuts in foods.

Peanut protein being an allergen of high potency, reliable and sensitive methods are needed to detect peanut material in foodstuffs and thereby protect allergic persons. The methods used in the course of these investigations fulfill these demands if suitable antisera are applied. The results of the analysis of commercial goods illustrate the necessity of such investigations.

Detection of antibodies against B. afzelii in the blood of wild ::: rodents using indirect ELISA method. Comparison with results ::: obtained in previous years.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Derivatives of diphenylazethidinone, medicinal agents comprising these compounds and their using

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to derivatives of diphenylazathedinone of the general formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 mean independently of one another ( 0 -C 30 )-alkylene-L wherein one or some C-atoms of alkylene residue can be substituted with -O-, -(C=O)- or -NH- and, except for, R1-R6 can represent hydrogen atom (H), fluorine atom (F), and L represents compound of the formula: , and their pharmaceutically tolerated salts also. Compounds of the formula (I) elicit hypolipidemic effect and can be used in therapeutic aims. Also, invention describes a medicinal agent and its using. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of compounds. 7 cl, 31 ex

This disclosure describes novel substituted omega -heteroaroyl(propionyl or butyryl)-L-prolines and the esters and cationic salts thereof which are useful as hypotensive agents in mammals.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, and Depressive Symptoms in International Migrants: A Study with Vietnamese Women in South Korea

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Globally, there have been increasing numbers of migrant women; these women are at an increased risk for depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among acculturation, acculturative stress and depressive symptoms in Vietnamese women who migrated to South Korea through marriages. We hypothesized that acculturative stress would serve as a mediator in the relationship between acculturation and depressive symptoms. Our findings from surveys with 217 Vietnamese immigrant women showed that the indirect effect of acculturation on depressive symptoms, mediated through acculturative stress [− .15 (.04)], was significant (bias corrected 95% confidence interval for the indirect effect = − .25, − .08). Low levels of acculturation increased acculturative stress, which in turn led to the elevated symptoms of depression. Our findings not only illuminate the adaptation processes of international, female migrants but also suggest avenues to protect and promote their mental well-being.

Contents: Preface. M.T. Brown, E.J. Pinterits, Basic Issues in the Career Counseling of African Americans. C.M. Ward, R.P. Bingham, Career Assessment for African Americans. R.P. Bingham, C.M. Ward, Career Counseling With African American Males and Females. L.A. Gilbert, R.P. Bingham, Career Counseling With Dual-Career Heterosexual African American Couples. M.G. Constantine, V.F. Parker, Addressing the Career Transition Issues of African American Women: Vocational and Personal Considerations. A.M. Byars, Rights-of-Way: Affirmative Career Counseling With African American Women. A.M. Hargrow, F. Hendricks, Career Counseling With African Americans in Nontraditional Career Fields. R.E. Phelps, M.G. Constantine, Hitting the Roof: The Impact of the Glass-Ceiling Effect on the Career Development of African Americans. D.B. Pope-Davis, B.K. Hargrove, Future Directions in Career Counseling Theory, Research, and Practice With African Americans.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.

Question: Cartilage surgery : an operative manual

"Cartilage Surgery: An Operative Manual" by Mats Brittberg, MD and Wayne Gersoff, MD is your guide to applying the most recent advances in cartilage repair, and performing cutting-edge surgical procedures. An internationally diverse collection of authors offers a global perspective on timely topics such as cartilage biologics. Clinical pearls, online operative videos, and detailed, full-color intraoperative photographs offer step-by-step guidance on essential techniques.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Surgery is required to manage pathology of the thoracic wall, including neoplasia and trauma, and to access the thoracic cavity. Knowledge of anatomy, thorough patient assessment, stabilization and careful attention to anaesthesia and analgesia regimens are essential. This chapter covers anatomy, anaesthetic management, analgesia and postoperative care, and surgical approaches to a range of presentations. Operative Technique: Lateral or intercostal thoracotomy. Video Clip : Flail chest in a dog. If you have purchased the print edition of the book, there is a code at the end of this chapter which enables you to access the online chapter and video.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Increasing the sense of presence in a simulation environment using image generators based on visual attention

Flight simulator systems generally use a separate image-generator component. The host is responsible for the positional data updates of the entities and the image generator is responsible for the rendering process. In such systems, the sense of presence is decreased by model flickering. This study presents a method by which the host can minimize model flickering in the image-generator output. The method is based on preexisting algorithms, such as visibility culling and level of detail management of 3D models. The flickering is minimized for the visually important entities at the expense of increasing the flickering of the entities that are out of the user's focus using a new perception-based approach. It is shown through user studies that the new proposed approach increases the participants' sense of presence.

In this paper, we introduce a new approach for applying haptic feedback technology to interpersonal communication. We present the design of our prototype inTouch system which provides a physical link between users separated by distance.


Question: Crimp as part of a helical structure.

Crimp is generally conceived of as a ribbon, i.e. a planar periodic orientation variation of collagen fibers. This study was carried out to demonstrate that crimps are complex structures with the possibility of being helically arranged. Thick sections, imbibed in glycerol or even in mineral oil and studied under the polarizing microscope with the help of 1st order red and lambda/4 Sénarmont's compensators proved to be adequate to detect details of collagen fiber orientation with respect to crimp structure. It was found that collagen bundles are ordered aggregates forming helical structures, and crimps are part of such a helical arrangement. The major part of the macromolecules in tendons have a helix conformation that probably influences a complex hierarchical construct. It is possible that thermodinamically this ordering is better fitted to respond to the biomechanical requirements of the tendons and to correspond to their rheological properties.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

This appendix pertains to the level diagram calculations of the Pandora single-channel radar.


Question: TactAlive: Context Aware Variable Tactile Key Interface

In this paper, we introduce, a bidirectional haptic I/O which varies its tactility depending on the context of the device. The keys in the interface make the user alter their applied fingertip force depending on the criticality, physicality and other attributes of the context. The interface can have many levels of tactility: soft press to hard press. Beyond the utilitarian values, the interactions are designed to alter the user behavior by making them context aware. This project attempts to expand our understanding of the context, and entirely reshape our interactions based on this understanding.

These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Switching operation of Si waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch with ferroelectric liquid crystal cladding

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

We fabricated a compact optical switch of a symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer using Si-waveguide with a ferro-electric liquid crystal cladding. We demonstrated a switching operation with the experimental device fabricated at 1550nm wavelength.

Polarization management is important for photonic integrated circuit and polarization division multiplexing. We present polarization insensitive sub-wavelength hybrid plasmonic waveguides and compact mode-coupling plasmonic polarization rotator on silicon-on-insulator platform.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!

Question: In Response: Statins Not Beneficial in Most Chest Pain Admits

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

While I share Dr. Mosley’s skepticism at some of the recent hope for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) as treatment for non-vascular illnesses, I disagreed with his assertion that lipid levels should not be evaluated in the emergency department. Though Dr. Mosley’s cynicism regarding pharmaceutical companies’ influence on research findings may be well founded 1 , it should be pointed out that large, independently funded studies showing the mortality benefit of lipid reduction 2 and lipid reduction specifically by statins 3 in high-risk populations have been in the literature since the 1980s.

Increasing Rate of Mortality Due to HIV/AIDS in Iranian Chil-dren: An Alarm for Health Policymakers


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Strong tracking cubature Kalman filter for real-time orbit determination for impulse maneuver satellite

To solve the real-time orbit determination for impulse maneuver satellite, this paper proposes a strong tracking cubature Kalman filter (STCKF) algorithm. This algorithm uses the equivalent representation of strong tracking filter (STF) to calculate suboptimal fading factor so as to real-timely adjust the gain matrix online. In this way, residual error series are forced to be mutually orthogonalized, thus realizing the tracking of the sudden change state of strong nonlinear system. In addition, Euler predictor-corrector method is utilized to discretize the orbital dynamic equation with J 2 perturbation, thus effectively enhancing the discretization precision of the model. The simulation results indicate that the STCKF algorithm can effectively realize the real-time orbit determination for impulse maneuver satellite with high accuracy.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

The primal-dual interior-point algorithm implemented in G-OPT is a relatively new and efficient way of solving convex optimization problems. Given a prescribed level of accuracy, the convergence to the optimal solution is guaranteed in a predetermined, finite number of iterations. G-OPT Version 1.0 is a flight software implementation written in C. Onboard application of the software enables autonomous, real-time guidance and control that explicitly incorporates mission constraints such as control authority (e.g. maximum thrust limits), hazard avoidance, and fuel limitations. This software can be used in planetary landing missions (Mars pinpoint landing and lunar landing), as well as in proximity operations around small celestial bodies (moons, asteroids, and comets). It also can be used in any spacecraft mission for thrust allocation in six-degrees-of-freedom control.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about!

Question: Nothing to Fear? An Analysis of College Students' Fear Experiences With Video Games

This study presents the results of a survey of 269 undergraduate students conducted to examine fright experiences caused by video games. Over half of the participants reported game-induced fear. Sex, sensation-seeking, and empathy all emerged as important individual differences in terms of enjoyment of frightening content, consumption of frightening content, and frequency of fright experience. Interactivity and presentations of realism also predicted fear. This work identifies titles, stimuli, and features that caused fright experience.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Preface Exploring Offence Paralleling Behaviours in Incarcerated Offenders The Chinese Prison System for Female Offenders: A Case Study Social Control, Moral Panics & Prison: Social Harms Produced by the Myth of the New Hyper-Violent Girl Advancing the Study of Solitary Confinement Conducting Treatment in the Prison System: Rehabilitation Research Exploratory Study on Child Care in Prisons Violence Prevention Booster Program: Effects on Knowledge, Attitude, & Recidivism The Challenges of Re-entry from Prison to Society A Theoretical Assessment of the Impact of Unsafe Injecting Practices & Behavioral Change on the Dynamics of HCV & HIV within Correctional Institutions Index.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Leguminous Seed Glycoproteins That Interact With Concanavalin A

Material that interacts with concanavalin A has been purified from seed extracts of 18 species (16 legumes, Coffea arabica and Lolium perenne) by Con A-Sepharose chromatography. When examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, many of the preparations showed a number of protein-staining components. All the preparations gave a single precipitation line against Cunalialia ensiformis crude extract on gel diffusion plates. Some of the con A-interacting preparations were shown to possess haemagglutination activity. The Arachis hypogaea (peanut) preparation contains one major glycoprotein of molecular weight 69 000, which was further purified and analysed. The purified glycoprotein contains 12% carbohydrate, galactose being the major sugar with minor amounts of mannose and xylose present.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Nutritional Ecology of Forb Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Insect Folivores of Woody Plants: Nitrogen, Water, Fiber and Mineral Considerations Nutritional Ecology of Grass Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Phytophagous Mites Nutritional Ecology of Lichen/Moss Arthropods Nutritional Ecology of Arthropod Gall-Makers Nutritional Ecology of Bruchid Beetles Nutritional Ecology of Seed-Sucking Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product and House Dust Mites Ecology of Nectar and Pollen Feeding in Lepidoptera.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Magnetoresistance properties of Fe-Ni invar alloy evaporated films

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Abstract The orientational magnetoresistance effects (δρ) in as-deposited Fe-33% Ni films with thickness in the range 170–450 A deposited onto fused quartz (SiO 2 ) has been investigated. δρ increased with decreasing film thickness though the magnetization decreased. On the other hand, in as-deposited α/γ-Fe-Ni coupled films with α-phase Fe-9% Ni and γ-phase Fe-33% Ni, the magnetization was unchanged though the B-H loop was changed. However, in α/γ-Fe-Ni coupled films annealed at 600°C (30 min) the orientational effect is enhanced in comparison with the case of as-deposited films, in which the B-H form is remarkably changed and the magnetization is reduced by about 17%. The singularity of the magnetoresistance effect can be attributed to the spatially inhomogeneous magnetic structure having a different magnetic component and a different exchange interaction between neighbouring interfaces.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Neutron depolarization studies using pulsed polarized neutrons have been performed to get information on mean magnetization, static magnetization fluctuations and magnetic anisotropy in plate-like ferromagnetic samples. The approach to magnetic saturation of polycrystalline ferromagnets ((Fe 50 Ni 50 ) 96 Cr 4 , and MnZn-ferrit) was studied by analyzing the field dependence of depolarization parameters


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The Design and Implementation of OPC-based Integrated Building Management System

With analyzing the needs of intelligent building management system,based on OPC technology,using C#. NET,SQL Server database technology,construct integrated building management systems (IBMS),and describes design of the main system modules. At present the system has been officially put into operation,improving integrated and efficient management capabilities of the intelligent building.

Introduction. LSA and Related Management Processes. Preparing LSA RFP and Contract Requirements. Executing the LSA Tasks. Modeling. Management.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.

Question: Spontaneous regression of peritoneal carcinomatosis from a rectal cancer.

Spontaneous regression of adult solid tumours is rare. Here, we present the case of a 51-year-old man who underwent a curative resection for an adenocarcinoma of the rectum in 1989. He remained well until 12 months after surgery when he developed a large-fixed mass proximal to the anastomosis, which was treated with radiotherapy but did not respond. Shortly after, he presented with intestinal obstruction caused by extensive intraperitoneal metastases. At laparotomy, a palliative entero-enterostomy and ileostomy were performed. Biopsies from the peritoneal lesions showed features typical of metastatic adenocarcinoma. The patient did not receive any additional therapy. However, his condition continued to improve; he remains disease free and well at present (May 2005). A review of the literature revealed two cases of spontaneous regression of peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to a rectal cancer; we report the third case and discuss some of the reasons potentially responsible for the regression.

Summary Malignant transformation of duplication cyst is a rare condition. The authors report the original case of a degenerated gastric duplication cyst in a 67-year-old patient. The histologic examination revealed a gastric duplication cyst infiltrated with both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Local carcinomatosis was found at laparotomy. The patient died six months after complete macroscopic resection of the lesion, with metastatic disease.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.

Question: Partial restoration by in vivo thymosin of E-rosettes and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in immunodeficient cancer patients

Thymosin, fraction V, a partially purified extract of calf thymus, was administered to 14 patients with disseminated, far-advanced malignant disease. It increased the number of positive delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests in 69% of the patients and the number of recall KLH responses in 85% of the subjects. Thymosin significantly increased T-lymphocyte rosettes in the group of patients with percentages originally less than 50%. Thymosin administration resulted in no toxic manifestations aside from local cutaneous hypersensitivity in one subject. Suggestive evidence of thymosin clinical activity was detected in three subjects.

Abstract Mouse thymocytes were incubated in vitro in the presence of a thymus-dependent serum factor. This factor increases the level of cellular cyclic AMP but does not affect the number of proliferating cells. After incubation with the factor, C57BL/6J thymocytes were injected into new born (C57BL/6J × C3H)F 1 hybrids. The capability of thymocytes to elicit a graft-versus-host reaction in vivo was evaluated by the spleen weight assay. Thymocytes treated with the thymic factor were found to induce a more effective graft-versus-host reaction as compared with untreated thymocytes and with thymocytes treated with inactivated thymic factor. These results are consistent with the existence of a thymocyte maturation pathway which does not involve cell proliferation and is under the influence of thymic factors.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.

Question: How pets got their spots (and floppy ears)

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Why do domesticated animals share certain physical traits? Tecumseh Fitch unpicks the puzzle that mystified Darwin

What’s more frightful than Halloween? What the makeup and costumes can do to children’s and adult’s skin. Dermatologists weigh in with their top tips to help patients avoid post-Halloween skin horrors. Learn more


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Effect of treated swimming pool water on the levels of trihalomethanes in swimmer's urine

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Swimming pools are considered to be the prime source for public exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), mainly chloroform, because of their use for hygienic purposes. High doses of chlorine are easily perceptible by smell. The aim of this study was to measure simultaneously the THM levels in urine and blood of swimmers and in pool water itself (from city and university swimming pool), in order to investigate further the relationship between substances in different matrices at known environmental levels with uptake of these substances in indoor swimming pools. Volatile analytes were isolated and preconcentrated from the samples by thin layer headspace analysis (TLHS) with autogenous generation of the liquid sorbent. Chloroform, bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane were detected in the urine of all persons attending a swimming pool. Concentrations of THM compounds varied in the case of each swimmer. The research confirmed that approximately 10% of the volatile haloorganic compounds are excreted in urin...

Raipur is a fast growing city in central India due to being commercial centre for the steel, cement and forest products of the country. Large quantity (≈300 million lit/day) of untreated sewage waste water is discharged into seven reservoirs located in the city. Sewage carries excessive nutrients, heavy metals, organics, bacteria, yeast and fungi by leaking contents into the drinking water which cause acute health problems, ranging from common diarrhoea to deadly diseases such as hepatitis, cholera, typhoid fever, etc. Therefore, in this work, the microbial and chemical contamination of sewage waste of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India is described.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!

Question: Photonic properties of silicon-coated colloidal monolayers

The spectral dependence of the optical transmission through hexagonal monolayers of silica (a-SiO2) microspheres covered with different amounts of amorphous silicon (a-Si) is studied. The strong changes in the spectral transmissivity can be semi-quantitatively understood by the coupling of the incident electromagnetic field to photonic modes of the combined structure consisting of the hexagonal lattice of a-SiO2 microspheres and a-Si.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

High sensitivity of gold nanoparticles co-doped with Gd 2 O 3 mesoporous silica nanocomposite to nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Holographic considerations on a Machian Universe

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Abstract MOND theory explains the rotation curves of the galaxies. Verlinde’s ideas establish an entropic origin for gravitational forces and Tsallis principle generalizes the theory of Boltzmann–Gibbs. In this work we have promoted a connection between these recent approaches, that at first sight seemed to have few or no points in common, using the Mach’s principle as the background. In this way we have used Tsallis formalism to calculate the main parameters of the Machian Universe including the Hubble parameter and the age of the Universe. After that, we have also obtained a new value for the Tsallis parameter via Mach’s principle. Using Verlinde’s entropic gravity we have obtained new forms for MOND’s well established ingredients. Finally, based on the relations between particles and bits obtained here, we have discussed the idea of bits entanglement in the holographic screen.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

SummaryConnection between magnetic monopoles and faster-than-light particles is shown, in the framework of extended special-relativity theory, by generalizing the Maxwell equations to Superluminal sources.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Disconnected hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g-2 with HISQ

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

To give you a sense - "['Represent the input!', "Triangle listing is one of the fundamental algorithmic problems whose solution has numerous applications especially in the analysis of complex networks, such as the computation of clustering coefficients, transitivity, triangular connectivity, trusses, etc. Existing algorithms for triangle listing are mainly in-memory algorithms, whose performance cannot scale with the massive volume of today's fast growing networks. When the input graph cannot fit in main memory, triangle listing requires random disk accesses that can incur prohibitively huge I/O cost. Some streaming, semistreaming, and sampling algorithms have been proposed but these are approximation algorithms. We propose an I/O-efficient algorithm for triangle listing. Our algorithm is exact and avoids random disk access. Our results show that our algorithm is scalable and outperforms the state-of-the-art in-memory and local triangle estimation algorithms."]" should be close to "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Triangle listing in massive networks']"

We describe a computation of the contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon from the disconnected part of the hadronic vacuum polarization. We use the highly-improved staggered quark (HISQ) formulation for the current density with gauge configurations generated with four flavors of HISQ sea quarks. The computation is performed by stochastic estimation of the current density using the truncated solver method combined with deflation of low-modes. The parameters are tuned to minimize the computational cost for a given target uncertainty in the current-current correlation function. The calculation presented here is carried out on a single gauge-field ensemble of size $32^3\times48$ with an approximate lattice spacing of $\sim0.15$ fm and with physical sea-quark masses. We describe the methodology and the analysis procedure

Using flavor basis we relate flavor axial anomalies to the mass matrix of pseudoscalar isoscalar fields in the context of a Linear Sigma Model which includes U_A(1) symmetry breaking. We incorporate additional contributions to these anomalies due to external electromagnetic fields invoking 't Hooft's argument on anomaly matching and work out the predictions of this formalism for eta to gamma gamma and eta' to gamma gamma decays. We show that the only effect of the U_A(1) anomaly in these processes is in the formation of the eta and eta' systems. From experimental data on their two photon decays we extract the pseudoscalar mixing angle in flavor basis as phi_P in [38.4 deg, 41.0 deg ].


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.

Question: Age Constraints on Late Mesozoic Lithospheric Extension and Origin of Felsic Volcanism in the Songliao Basin, NE China

AbstractLate Mesozoic lithospheric extension in NE Asia resulted in the development of a large extensional province and widespread formation of volcanosedimentary basins. Songliao basin is the biggest in that region, situated between the Siberian and Sino-Korean (North China) cratons. The Songliao basin contains voluminous volcanic rocks as a major part of the basin fill. Volcanic successions form a significant but unexposed part of the late Mesozoic magmatic province in NE China. Here we report zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical data for felsic volcanic rocks from the Songliao basin. Zircon populations of two types of rhyolites with distinct I- and A-type affinities, analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, yielded similar U-Pb ages of 114 ± 2 and 113 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotope data of the felsic rocks indicate an origin from newly formed crustal protoliths. The I-type dacites and rhyolites show geochemical signatures with subduction-related af...

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title!

List of Maps List of Tables Preface Introduction Part I. The Global Context 1. The Early Modern World 2. Climate and Early Modern World Environmental History Part II. Eurasia and Africa 3. Pioneer Settlement on Taiwan 4. Internal Frontiers and Intensified Land Use in China 5. Ecological Strategies in Tokugawa Japan 6. Landscape Change and Energy Transformation in the British Isles 7. Frontier Settlement in Russia 8. Wildlife and Livestock in South Africa Part III. The Americas 9. The Columbian Exchange: The West Indies 10. Ranching, Mining, and Settlement Frontiers in Colonial Mexico 11. Sugar and Cattle in Portuguese Brazil 12. Landscapes of Sugar in the Antilles Part IV. The World Hunt 13. Furs and Deerskins in Eastern North America 14. The Hunt for Furs in Siberia 15. Cod and the New World Fisheries 16. Whales and Walruses in the Northern Oceans Conclusion Bibliography Index


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Dental and skeletal pathology in lungfish jaws and tooth plates

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

Many lungfish of the tooth plated lineage, both fossil and living, are affected by dental and skeletal pathologies including dental caries, abscesses and cysts within the bone or tooth plate, osteopenia, bone hypertrophy, and malocclusion. These conditions, while influenced in part by structural relationships of soft and hard tissues in the tooth plates, jaw bones and surrounding oral tissues, can also be used as indicators of the kind of environment inhabited by the fish. The disease processes have specific structural consequences, related either to the pathology or to attempts to heal the damage, and usually alter the from and function of the tooth plate or bone. Consequently they can be distinguished from postmortem diagenetic or taphonomic effects, which alter the structure in less specific ways and show no sign of healing. Dental caries, the most common pathological condition in dipnoan dentitions, is recognisable in lungfish from the Devonian of Western Australia, the Tertiary of South Australia and...

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

The Upper Triassic Snyder quarry has produced the remains of several pseudopalatine phytosaurs ::: that we refer to Pseudopalatus buceros. This material includes at least four complete skulls (two are fully prepared), two partial skulls, as well as numerous isolated cranial elements that pertain to additional individuals (MNI = 11). Here, we describe these elements in detail and review sexual dimorphism in phytosaurs. We also note that taphonomic distortion of phytosaur skulls can lead to misidentification due to changes in shape and position of features, such as the supratemporal fenestrae, that have long been considered key to diagnosing different phytosaur genera.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: During the formation of the contact, a method of preventing an increase in contact hole width

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

According to one aspect, a method of forming a contact on the silicide layer (214) located in a semiconductor die, each side wall of the contact hole (208) (206, 207), and, located at the bottom of the contact hole (208) the native oxide layer (210) which comprises the step of depositing a barrier layer (202), each side wall (206, 207) is formed by the contact hole of the insulating layer (204). Each side wall of the contact hole (208) (206, 207), and, in (150) depositing a barrier layer (202) on the oxide layer (210), a barrier layer (202) thickness, the contact hole ( top of 208), may be optimized so as to be thicker than the bottom of the contact hole (208). According to this embodiment, a method comprising the step of exposing the barrier layer portion of (202) (219) and contact holes (208) oxide layer located in the bottom portion (210) to remove the silicide layer (214) It is provided.

The present invention provides a system for suppressing the growth of surface damage of the optical components. Damage of the optical components is generated to a minimum. In one embodiment of the present invention, the site of injury in the optical component is caused to occur, the position is specified, then the processing to stop the growth of the lesion site. Step for generating a damage site in optics, including the scanning of optical components using a laser for generating a lesion site to the defect. The exact location of the site that occurred is identified. Locally or totally, suppression process of removing the causes of growth site of injury occurring after are performed.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Product upgrade with the emphasis on technological innovation

Some shortages on ideas, varietal quality, process tech, organization mechanism and human resource are pointed out at Baotou Steel. Some ways to improve are given.

How to achieve increased safety, better performance, reduced downtime and greater flexibility are issues that the glassmaker has to address on a regular asis. The authors believes that greater automation will help to achieve these targets.


Question: Represent text

Question: Propping,Tunneling and Pyramid Structure Controlled by Family

Pure tunneling can not explain the long existence of pyramid structure controlled by family,except that the outer stockholder is myopic or short of information.If the outer stockholders are rational,only if the interweaving of tunneling and propping with weak legal to the outer stockholder,pyramid-controlling structure can exist permanently.Pyramid-controlling structure is a netural way of controlling rights,which could intrude the interests of the outer stockholder and also could protect its own interests under certain condition.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.

Question: Encoding in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: an fMRI trial

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Paper tells results of hippocampal activation during encoding in first episode schizophrenia.

Objective ::: To evaluate whether structural and microstructural brain abnormalities in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) correlate with neuronal network dysfunction measured by analysis of EEG connectivity.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract:

Question: Targeting the anti-inflammatory effects of high-density lipoprotein.

The effects of systemic inflammation can impair the anti-inflammatory functions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. In patients with atherosclerosis and/or inflammatory conditions, HDLs can be modified such that they paradoxically increase the recruitment and activation of macrophages, upregulate the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and participate in the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). Statins, apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides, and therapeutic lifestyle changes appear to mitigate these proinflammatory features of HDLs. In the future, characterizing and targeting functional aspects of HDLs may prove to offer therapeutic advantages over current treatment strategies.

Smoking alters pulmonary reverse lipid transport and leads to intracellular lipid accumulation in alveolar macrophages. We investigated whether stimulating reverse lipid transport with an agonist o...


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The Eternal Charm Would Linger in the Woman——An analysis of the cultural elements emdodied in Xu Niang

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Xu Niang is a royal princess in Liang period of the Southern dynasty.The image of Xu Niang has been embodied as cultural elements in the Chinese language,The half-face makeup of marked individuality has become a kind of mystery.The rich historical connotation in her image speaks for the character of the words and actions style of the mature women.Therefore,Xu Niang is used to refer to the middle-age women,whom still retain their graceful bearing.

In reading "the Dream of Red Mansions",the author is inspired by Lin Dai-yu teaching Xiangling to write the poems.Linking the booming Study-Plan-Oriented Education in Changzhou,many teaching problems are explored in this article.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about!

Question: Catalytic Oxidation Reaction of Cyclohexane on Co_3O_4 Supported Carbon Nanotube Catalysts

Carbon nanotubes supported Co3O4 catalyst(Co3O4/CNTs) was prepared by the method of impregnation-deposition.The effect of cobalt nitrate concentration on the catalytic performance of the prepared Co3O4/CNTs in cyclohexane oxidation was investigated,and the effects of reaction time,reaction temperature,concentrations of Co3O4/CNTs and initiator in the system of cyclohexane oxidation on the cyclohexane conversion and product selectivity were also investigated.It is found that the Co3O4/CNTs catalyst prepared with 0.5mol/L of cobalt nitrate solution possessed better catalytic performance in cyclohexane oxidation,and with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as initiator and air as oxidant the optimum oxidation reaction conditions were obtained,that is,reaction temperature of 150℃ and reaction time of 2 h,under which the conversion of cyclohexane oxidation was 14.23%,the selectivity of cyclohexanol,clohexanone and cyclohexyl hydroperoxide was 90.20%.

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers