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Question: Iliac Venous Obstruction: Surgical Reconstruction

Aim:To review the investigation and treatment of iliac vein obstruction.Method:A review of current literature in the field of management of iliac venous obstruction has been conducted.Synthesis:Iliac venous obstruction results in chronic or acute symptoms in the lower limb presenting as pain, swelling, oedema and discomfort of the lower limb. Intrinsic or extrinsic obstruction of the iliac veins may be the cause. Cockett syndrome is the classic aetiology for chronic intermittent or fixed left inferior limb venous obstruction. Other causes include tumours, vascular grafts or lymph node compression and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Duplex ultrasound imaging is now the first-choice investigation. CT scanning is useful where external vein compression is suspected. Phlebography is used when an endovascular procedure is to be done. The surgical treatment of Cockett syndrome described by Cormier is transposition of the common right iliac artery in the left internal iliac artery. This is being replaced by endovascula...

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1. Cardiovascular Status 2. Cardiovascular Syndromes 3. Specific Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Heart Disease, Valvular Heart Disease, Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 4. Delivery of Cardiac Care


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Question: Rehabilitation and Post-Burn Care

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Burns set a problem of reanimation and cutaneous recovering in the acute phase; when this phase is finished, the difficulty of scar maturation arises for about 18 months. Around the second month scar inflammation appears, until at approximately the sixth month its intensity increases. This period is characterised by redness of the scar, hypertrophic tendency, induration of the burnt skin and, sometimes, disorders of the pigmentation; during this period cutaneous retractions appear — contractions which limit joint mobility. From the sixth to the ninth month the inflammation is stabilised and this stage is completed. Finally, these phenomena decrease, to be replaced by after-effects which persist when the inflammation has stopped.These phenomena occur on areas treated by directed cicatrisation, all the more if the cicatrisation was long, on the periphery of the grafts, the mesh grafts in net and sometimes on the donor sites.

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating phlebitis and a method for preparing the same. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition is prepared from the following components according to a certain proportion by weight: astragalus, salvia, red peony root, medicinal cyathula root, papaya, roasted peach kernel, safflower, angelica, processed leech, pangolin, rhizoma corydalis, raw semen coicis, caulis spatholobi, dandelion, cassia twig, processed monkshood, golden cypress, rhizoma atractylodis, rhizoma smilacis glabrae and raw licorice. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition has the efficacy of promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction, eliminating stagnation to stop pain, clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating blood stasis and promoting tissue regeneration and can be for treating phlebitis effectively.']" should be close to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating phlebitis and method for preparing same']"

MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The closely related homomeric and heterodimeric mannose-binding lectins from garlic are encoded by one-domain and two-domain lectin genes, respectively

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Lectin cDNA clones for two different lectins from garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs, ASAI and ASAII (ASA, Allium sativum agglutinin), were isolated and characterized. The first lectin, ASAI, is a heterodimer composed of two different subunits of 11.5 kDa and 12.5 kDa. It is translated from an mRNA of 1400 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 306 amino acids with two very similar domains. N-terminal sequencing of the two polypeptides of the mature lectin confirmed that both subunits are derived from the same precursor and that each corresponds to one of the two domains in the sequence. In contrast to ASAI, the second garlic lectin, ASAII, is a homodimer of two identical 12-kDa subunits. It is translated from an mRNA of approximately 800 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 154 amino acids. Interestingly, the coding region of the ASAII cDNA clones is almost identical to that of the second domain of the ASAI cDNA clones.

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At least two different receptor molecules have been described that are capable of binding tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cytokine that plays an important role in inflammation and antitumor activity. Comparative analyses at the nucleotide sequence level suggest that these receptors are members of a newly defined protein family that also includes human and rat nerve growth factor receptors. In this study, we determine the chromosome assignments of the human TNF alpha receptor genes, one of which may have evolved as part of a conserved Hox locus-containing chromosome segment.


Question: The Crepant Resolution Conjecture for 3-dimensional flags modulo an involution

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After fixing a non-degenerate bilinear form on a vector space V we define an involution of the manifold of flags F in V by taking a flag to its orthogonal complement. When V is of dimension 3 we check that the Crepant Resolution Conjecture of J. Bryan and T. Graber holds: the genus zero (orbifold) Gromov-Witten potential function of [F / Z_2] agrees (up to unstable terms) with the genus zero Gromov-Witten potential function of a crepant resolution Y of the quotient scheme F / Z_2, after setting a quantum parameter to -1, making a linear change of variables, and analytically continuing coefficients. The crepant resolution Y (a hypersurface in the Hilbert scheme Hilb^2 P^2) is the projectivization of a novel rank 2 vector bundle over P^2.

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The cohomological invariant ring of the n-Pfister forms is ::: isomorphic to the invariant ring under a GLn(Z/2)-action in that of an ::: elementary abelian 2-group of rank n.


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Question: K‐nucleon scattering and the cloudy bag model

The cloudy bag model (CBM) has been applied with considerable success to low energy meson‐nucleon scattering. In this talk I will describe in particular calculations for kaon‐nucleon and antikaon‐nucleon scattering. The main emphasis will be on s‐waves with special attention paid to the antikaon‐nucleon system in the isospin zero channel where the Λ(1405) is important. In the CBM the Λ(1405) is an antikaon‐nucleon bound state and I show that this interpretation is consistent with the antikaon‐nucleon scattering in the region of the Λ(1670) and Λ(1800) although ambiguities in the phase shift analysis prevent a definite conclusion.

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We discuss the in-medium behaviour of the QCD scalar susceptibility and of the sigma mass in a chiral relativistic theory which incorporates the scalar response of the nucleon. We also study the many-body effects in the propagation of the scalar meson in the nuclear medium arising from its coupling to two-pion states. The same modification applies to the QCD scalar susceptibility. We conclude with the nuclear physics implications for the in-medium scalar nucleon-nucleon attraction.


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represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about
E.g. ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'A Laser Ignition Microthruster for Microspacecraft Propulsion'] == ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'A laser ignition microthruster was developed for microspacecraft propulsion. Small solid-propellant pellets were ignited by a diode laser beam to produce a high impulse from a very small power source. Basic experiments showed that the microthruster produced an impulse of 60 mNs, using 60 mg B/KNO3 pellets ignited by a 1 W laser beam. A space-based demonstration of the microthruster system is planned onboard a microspacecraft named KKS-1, which has been chosen by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency as one of the six small satellites to be launched with the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite, which is scheduled to be launched on a H2A rocket in early 2009.'] != ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Experimental Studies Were Carried Out With Ejectors Having 2D And Multi Jet Nozzles To Determine If They Could Be Adopted To Drive A Low Speed Tunnel .A Model Tunnel Was Constructed And Results Obtained From Different Ejector Configurations Have Been Compared. ::: ::: The Study Suggests That An Annular Ejector Is Promising As A Candidate Configuration For Further Work Leading To An Application As A Wind Tunnel Drive.']

Question: Evaluation in the government marketplace

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Abstract A large government market has developed in evaluation over the past few decades. Governments let contracts to conduct evaluation studies, and these contracts shape the studies. Such contracting does not follow the idealized image of open markets. Rather, a few firms conduct most studies because of the dynamics of the contracting process. If we are to have honest, unbiased evaluations, evaluation ethics must take these market factors into consideration. The conditions under which evaluations are produced are as important as how evaluation results are used.

The topic and the context to be investigated. Foreign direct investments: theories and facts. FDI in the real world.


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Question: Epinephrine pen maker offers discounts after alleged price hiking

Mylan NV, which makes the epinephrine auto-injection device EpiPen, has announced that it will expand its discount and coupon programs for uninsured and under-insured patients and has promised to sell an identical generic device at half the price of the branded product, after criticism of its pricing policy. ::: ::: However, critics remain unsatisfied and have called for government action to force Mylan to lower its prices further. ::: ::: “The company must roll back its unjustified and outrageous price increases,” said Robert Weissman, president of the consumer group Public Citizen. On 30 August, Public Citizen and several other organizations delivered petitions with a reported 700 000 signatures, protesting against the drug’s price, to …

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Dr. Robert Steinbrook discusses how progress against gag clauses could be forthcoming, spurred by public concern about medication safety, distrust of the pharmaceutical industry, and advocacy withi...


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Question: Comparing the scalogram images of the Beta-Globin gene in Homosapiens and Pan Troglodytes

Gene sequences have enabled investigators to explore questions of genomes complexity in related organisms. The s-globin gene is a successful example which is widely used in comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses. Herein, we report the results of a comparative DNA sequence analysis of the homologous β-globin genes in two taxa: Homosapies (human) and Pan Troglodytes (Chimpanzee). To this end, we propose a new method to represent the DNA sequences into scalogram images based on the complex Morlet wavelet transform. As for the coding method which transforms the DNA letters into a signal, we use the Frequency Chaos Game Signal of trinucleotides (coined FCGS 3 ). The statistical analysis of the two HBB-gene images shows good correlation between the proposed method and the DNA alignment result.

In order to studying and sampling Echinoids Gurpi formation selected area in the vicinity of Ilam province. The Gurpi formation in this section includes 213m thickness. Studying Paleontology indicated Campanian- maastrichtian age at this section that settling over Ilam formation to continuously. Calcareous member of seimare consist of Brown limestone and prominent. This member includes fossils of Bivalve especially Bivalve of Lofa, Brachiopods and Echinoids. At this section selected Echinoids for studying. Total of 300 sample five species with Campanianmaastrichtian age recognized that as follow: Salenia nutrix, Globator bleicheri Orthopsis miliarisi, Goniopygus superbus, Conulus douville


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Question: WAIS-III index score profiles in the Canadian standardization sample

Representative index score profiles were examined in the Canadian standardization sample of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III). The identification of profile patterns was based on the methodology proposed by Lange, Iverson, Senior, and Chelune (2002) that aims to maximize the influence of profile shape and minimize the influence of profile magnitude on the cluster solution. A two-step cluster analysis procedure was used (i.e., hierarchical and k-means analyses). Cluster analysis of the four index scores (i.e., Verbal Comprehension [VCI], Perceptual Organization [POI], Working Memory [WMI], Processing Speed [PSI]) identified six profiles in this sample. Profiles were differentiated by pattern of performance and were primarily characterized as (a) high VCI/POI, low WMI/PSI, (b) low VCI/POI, high WMI/PSI, (c) high PSI, (d) low PSI, (e) high VCI/WMI, low POI/PSI, and (f) low VCI, high POI. These profiles are potentially useful for determining whether a patient's WAIS-III performanc...

The young adult norms for the Test of Adolescent/Adult Language-3 (TOAL-3; D. Hammill et al., 1994) are based only on individuals who pursued postsecondary education, a restriction that renders the norms inappropriate for many clinical and research purposes. This research note details the rationale, methods, and results of a local norming of the TOAL-3 spoken language subtests, based on participants from the Ottawa Speech and Language Study (C. J. Johnson et al., 1999). The resulting Ottawa norms represent the full range of young adult language abilities and, therefore, can be used with caution for some clinical and research purposes.


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Question: A five-year dendrometer record in two trees of Pinus strobus

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"['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Summary The flow of genetic information between DNA, RNA, and protein lays the molecular foundation of life. Here, we show the transcription of a mirror-image gene into L-RNA and reverse transcription into L-DNA by synthetic D-polymerases based on designed mutants of the DNA polymerase Dpo4. Furthermore, the reverse-transcribed L-DNA was amplified by mirror-image PCR and sequenced by nucleobase-specific chemical cleavage. As a step toward the synthesis of a mirror-image ribosome, we enzymatically transcribed full-length mirror-image 5S rRNA. The realization of a comprehensive mirror-image transcription, reverse transcription, PCR, and sequencing toolbox will enable the directed evolution of nuclease-resistant L-RNA aptamers and ribozymes and spur the development of other functional mirror-image molecular systems.']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Mirror-Image Gene Transcription and Reverse Transcription']"

So far as is known to us there is no published account of a dendrometer record of white pine growth behavior. Brown (2) studied growth behavior and cambial activity using the histological method; Goldthwait and Lyon (5) studied secondary growth in relation to water supply, using annual ring width as the criterion of growth; Hastings (7) studied time and position in the tree when initiation of diametral increase began ; Henderson, Brown and Mac Kay (8), using borings, studied growth rate in relation to size of tree and character of stand; Lyon (12) used annual rings from sections of trees felled by the New England hurricane of September 1938; and Priestley (14) comments on initiation of cambial activity in conifers in general ; but we are aware of no published dendrometer record.

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Examples:

"['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Neurofibromatosis is the single most common genetic disease of the neurologic system. Because neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is often diagnosed early in life, it is essential that health care providers deepen their understanding of this common genetic disorder. Children who meet particular criteria, as formulated by the National Institutes of Health, must be worked-up for NF-1 in order to initiate appropriate treatment implementation and evaluation. This article provides a review of the literature regarding the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and plan of treatment related to NF-1, specifically as it affects children. Clear guidelines for health care providers in primary care are outlined.']" == "['Represent text', 'Diagnosing Neurofibromatosis Type I in Children']"

Pennsylvanian synangiate fructification Idanothekion glandulosum and five species of the extant genus Picea, morphological and microtopographical features, scanning electron microscope, Illinois


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Question: Research on the Packets Marking Schemes of Reconstructing-Path in Network Attack

The paper analyzes the probabilistic FMS (Fragment Marking Scheme) of IP traceback , points out some limitations of such schemes, and discusses a scheme based on probabilistic marking packet by using algebraic coding theory. The victim can use the edges sampled in these packets to reconstruct attack path. The algebraic method is analyzed of marking packets and reconstructing attack path algorithm. The performance of this method is analyzed and compared with FMS. The scheme has very low network and router overhead and support incremental deployment in IPv 6.

Abstract : Contents: Routing and Acknowledgement Schemes for the Packet Radio System; System Capacity and Data Rate Considerations; Radio frequency Channel Capacity Considerations; Measurement Program for Packet Radio Channel Characterization; Dynamically Allocated Multiple-Channel Network Concept; Notes on Radar Test; Modulation Waveform Types; Synchronization Preambles; Impact of Channet Options on Repeater Design; Power Budget Analysis; Powers Sources for Repeaters and Terminals; Criteria of Code Selection in Minimum Shift Keyer Sense; and Microprocessor Components.


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Question: Color tunable phosphorescence in KY3F10:Tb3+ for x-ray or cathode-ray tubes

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We report a persistent phosphor of KY3(1−x)Tb3xF10 (KY3F10:xTb3+) synthesized by solid-state reaction for x-ray or cathode-ray tubes. The phosphorescence consists of a group of blue and green emission lines originating from D53→F7J and D54→F7J transitions of Tb3+, respectively. The phosphorescent emitting color can be tuned from blue to green by gradually increasing Tb3+ concentrations, which is attributed to the enhanced D53-D54 relaxation through the cross relaxation between two Tb3+ ions, as described by of (D53,F76)-(D54,F70). The Tb3+ concentration dependent phosphorescence spectra are well simulated based on the analysis of luminescence dynamical processes using the Judd–Ofelt theory and rate equations concerning the D53 and D54 levels. The energy charge and release pattern of the phosphor are presented and a 10% decay time is 29 s. The measurement of the thermoluminescence glow curve gives convincing evidence for the traps analysis.

Extending our recent insights in two-electron transfer microscopic mechanisms for a Tl-III/Tl-I redox system, the electrochemical response of glassy carbon electrode in acidified solutions of Tl-II ...


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Question: The activation of cell aggregation by phosphorylation in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract Single amoebae of D. discoideum are phosphorylated in the presence of external ATP. Phosphorylation is catalyzed by a cAMP independent cell membrane bound protein kinase. As a result of phosphorylation cell aggregation is induced and the chemotactic sensitivity of the amoebae to a cAMP gradient decreased. Cell membrane phosphorylation may be involved in triggering cell aggregation in vivo. The fact that the number of free phosphorylable sites per cell decreases at the onset of aggregation gives support to this hypothesis. The existence of a plasma membrane bound phosphoprotein phosphatase suggests a possible regulator role for this enzyme on the phosphorylation of the amoebae. Finally, ATP inhibits intercellular contact sites outside the aggregation center. Despite this inhibiting effect on cell adhesiveness, amoebal movement toward an aggregation center maintains its normal periodicity.

Culturing conditions have been found that engender flocculation of strains 975h+ and 972h− of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lindner. Both strains separately exhibit asexual self-flocc...


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Question: Recurrent conventional cemento-ossifying fibroma of the mandible.

Cemento-ossifying fibromas are slow growing, benign lesions. Recurrence is considered rare. A mandibular periapical radiolucent lesion in a 30-year-old female was diagnosed histologically as a cemento-ossifying fibroma and excised. A recurrence was found 2 years and 6 months postoperatively. CT demonstrated that the recurrent lesion was larger than indicated by conventional radiography.

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['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Obesity is associated with a high prevalence of pelvic floor disorders. Patients with obesity present with a range of urinary, bowel and sexual dysfunction problems as well as uterovaginal prolapse. Urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence and sexual dysfunction are more prevalent in patients with obesity. Uterovaginal prolapse is also more common than in the non-obese population. Weight loss by surgical and non-surgical methods plays a major role in the improvement of these symptoms in such patients. The treatment of symptoms leads to an improvement in their quality of life. However, surgical treatment of these symptoms may be accompanied by an increased risk of complications in obese patients. A better understanding of the mechanism of obesity-associated pelvic floor dysfunction is essential.'] == ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', 'Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology']

Objectives ::: This study seeks to assess and compare immunohistochemical characteristics of regenerated and pristine bone areas following surgical therapy of advanced peri-implantitis.


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Question: Modeling and simulation of a single-phase residential photovoltaic system

A grid connected single-phase residential photovoltaic system is modeled and simulated using a detailed transformer model. The transformer model takes into account the non-linearity of the core material, which further affects the harmonic currents injected into the utility grid. Furthermore, suitable models for the photovoltaic array and the inverter have been used to assemble a system model in the field of standard form state equations. Comparison with published results has been made with a prototype installation of the same configuration. Very good agreement is accomplished between the predicted and measured values. Thus, a valid powerful tool is given for studies of such grid connected single-phase photovoltaic systems.

In this paper, a model of a water-cooled centrifugal chiller system is developed and its control performance is studied. The overall system consists of three control loops: (i) a compressor speed c...


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Question: By design: James Clerk Maxwell and the evangelical unification of science

James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory famously unified many of the Victorian laws of physics. This essay argues that Maxwell saw a deep theological significance in the unification of physical laws. He postulated a variation on the design argument that focused on the unity of phenomena rather than Paley's emphasis on complexity. This argument of Maxwell's is shown to be connected to his particular evangelical religious views. His evangelical perspective provided encouragement for him to pursue a unified physics that supplemented his other philosophical, technical and social influences. Maxwell's version of the argument from design is also contrasted with modern 'intelligent-design' theory.

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Answering the question Was the Founding an Accident?, this study includes discussions of Tocqueville, and of art and the public interest.


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Question: Long-chain alkenone unsaturation index as sea surface temperature proxy in southwest Bay of Bengal

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As a proxy of the sea surface temperature (SST), C 37 long-chain alkenones (LCAs) preserved in sediments of the southwestern Bay of Bengal and dating back to the last glacial period, were identified in SIM GC-EI MS spectra run at m/z 530.55 (dienone: C 37:2 LCA) and 528.52 (trienone: C 37:3 LCA). The yields of LCAs (C 37:2 + C 37:3 ) relative to extractable lipid of the sediment are higher in the glacial than the Holocene sediments by, a factor of three. The LCA unsaturation index (U k' 37 ) and the SST calculated from calibration equations showed coherence with δ 18 O of the planktonic foraminifer, Globigerinoides ruber. It is inferred that with reference to the Holocene, the last glacial surface sea water was ∼ 2.75°C cooler from the alkenone data and was ∼ 2%o more saline from a combination of LCA and δ 18 0 data.

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ABSTRACTWe detail variations in the weight percent (wt%) of quartz, a proxy for drift ice, in fifteen marine sediment cores from the northwest, west, and southwest Iceland shelf throughout the past...


Question: Information exchange between independent stochastic systems

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We considerN independent, linear, Gaussian stochastic systems, each controlled by a decision maker having independent measurements on his own system. The decision makers agree to cooperate in order to minimize a weighted sum of their own independent quadratic performance indices. For this, they may or may not exchange their measurements on line. If further constraints (such as the restriction to memoryless feedbacks) are imposed, an example shows that the best solution is not always decentralized; that is, exchanging information really improves the overall performance. Moreover, some properties of the best decentralized feedbacks are investigated; they are local minima in a more general class and even absolute minima in particular situations.

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We consider the advisability of using entity models (observers of state) for estimating controlled variables that do not admit being directly monitored in the structures of automatic control systems for actual facilities having a transport lag.


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Question: Genesis of femtosecond-induced nanostructures on solid surfaces.

The start and evolution of the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples) are investigated. The important role of irradiation dose (fluence×number of pulses) for the properties of the generated structures is demonstrated. It is shown how, with an increasing dose, the structures evolve from random surface modification to regular sub-wavelength ripples, then coalesce to broader LIPSS and finally form more complex shapes when ablation produces deep craters. First experiments are presented following this evolution in one single irradiated spot.

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Educational outreach programmes at the Center for photoinduced charge transfer - learning through research, C.E. Uzelmeier and J.A. Kampmeier external electric field effects on fluorescence of some methylene-linked compounds of electron donor and acceptor in a polymer film, N. Ohta et al engineering of sidegroups to enhance luminescence efficiency of conjugated polymers, R. Jakubiak et al growth modes and charge injection of organic films on standard and ultraflat indium tin oxide, E.W. Forsyth et al snapshots of electronic surface excitation - observing adsorbate dynamics with femtosecond time-resolution, M. Bauer et al femtosecond excited state dynamics in organic molecular films, A.J. Makinen et al. (Part contents)


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Question: Proteasome Inhibitors Evoke Latent Tumor Suppression Programs in Pro-B MLL Leukemias through MLL-AF4

Summary Chromosomal translocations disrupting MLL generate MLL-fusion proteins that induce aggressive leukemias. Unexpectedly, MLL-fusion proteins are rarely observed at high levels, suggesting excessive MLL-fusions may be incompatible with a malignant phenotype. Here, we used clinical proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib and carfilzomib, to reduce the turnover of endogenous MLL-fusions and discovered that accumulated MLL-fusions induce latent, context-dependent tumor suppression programs. Specifically, in MLL pro-B lymphoid, but not myeloid, leukemias, proteasome inhibition triggers apoptosis and cell cycle arrest involving activation cleavage of BID by caspase-8 and upregulation of p27, respectively. Furthermore, proteasome inhibition conferred preliminary benefit to patients with MLL-AF4 leukemia. Hence, feasible strategies to treat cancer-type and oncogene-specific cancers can be improvised through harnessing inherent tumor suppression properties of individual oncogenic fusions.

Gene Regulatory Networks Orchestrating B Cell Fate Specification, Commitment, and Differentiation.- Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Lymphocyte Lineage Determination.- Ikaros-Family Proteins: In Search of Molecular Functions During Lymphocyte Development.- Biochemistry of V(D)J Recombination.- The Pre-B Cell Receptor in B Cell Development: Recent Advances, Persistent Questions and Conserved Mechanisms.- Transcriptional Control of B Cell Activation.- Expression of MHC II Genes.- Class Switch Recombination: An Emerging Mechanism.- Blimp-1, Immunoglobulin Secretion, and the Switch to Plasma Cells.- Wnt Signaling in Lymphopoiesis.- Subject Index.


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Question: Influence of Ingesting a Flavonoid-Rich Supplement on the Metabolome and Concentration of Urine Phenolics in Overweight/Obese Women

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This study evaluated the effect of ingesting a flavonoid-rich supplement (329 mg/d) on total urine phenolics and shifts in plasma metabolites in overweight/obese female adults using untargeted metabolomics procedures. Participants (N = 103, 18–65 y, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were randomized to flavonoid (F) or placebo (P) groups for 12 weeks with blood and 24 h urine samples collected prestudy and after 4 and 12 weeks in a parallel design. Supplements were prepared as chewable tablets and included vitamin C, wild bilberry fruit extract, green tea leaf extract, quercetin, caffeine, and omega 3 fatty acids. At 4 weeks, urine total phenolics increased 24% in F versus P with similar changes at 12 weeks (interaction effect, P = 0.041). Groups did not differ in markers of inflammation (IL-6, MCP-1, CRP) or oxidative stress (oxLDL, FRAP). Metabolomics data indicated shifts in 63 biochemicals in F versus P with 70% from the lipid and xenobiotics superpathways. The largest fold changes in F were measured for three gut-deriv...

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Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


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Question: TG-FTIR study of gaseous compounds evolved at thermooxidation of oil shale

The combined thermogravimetric (TG) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques were used for studying the gaseous compounds evolved at thermooxidation of oil shale samples from different deposits (Estonia, Jordan, Israel). In addition to H2O and CO2as the major species, the formation and emission of CO, SO2, HCl and a number of organic species as methane, ethane, ethylene, methanol, formic acid, formaldehyde, chlorobenzene, etc. was determined. Differences in the absorbance of respective bands in FTIR spectra depending on the origin of oil shale and on the heating rate used were established.

Oxidation of three selected organic model materials, saccharose, gelatine and styrene-divinylbenzene with and without combustion catalysts, was studied with a derivatograph.


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Question: A profound consideration to the problem of medical equipment maintenance socialization

This article gives a profound consideration to the problem of medical equipment maintenance socialization,its connotation,form and existing questions,in the present system.The author holds that the medical equipment mainteˉnance service market will gradually extend,but the role of maintenance personnel affiliated to the hospital is still very important.Dismissing maintenance personnel in the hospital will face a lot of questions,and it is disadvantageous to the hospital in its development and construction.All kinds of hospitals are different from each other in their circumstance,so it shouldn't take only one model in resolving the problem.

This paper points out the weakness of exterior managerial market, brings up the viewpoint that overly emphasizing the function of exterior market if querying, then according to the information feature of inner market, points out the necessity of combining them together.


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Question: [A case of posterior urethral polyp in a child].

A case of posterior urethral polyp in a child is reported. A 14-year-old boy presented to our hospital with the chief complaint of a sense of residual urine. Ultrasound sonography and cystoscopy showed a posterior urethral tumor (1.5 cm x 1.8 cm). Transurethral resection was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was a fibrous polyp. One year after transurethral resection, the patient showed no signs of recurrence. Only 8 cases of posterior urethral polyp in children have been previously reported in the Japanese literature.

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Abstract A case of a solitary, lymphogenous omental cyst is reported in a three weeks' old female, causing fatal ileus.


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Question: Polioxometalatoak: Elhuyar anaien ametsak bizirik dirau!

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a well known class of anionic metal-oxygen clusters within the area of inorganic chemistry, with a large variety of shapes, compositions and structures. These features make POMs unique compounds with a wide range of applications in current fields of interest related to technology, economy and environment. In spite of their traditional use as catalysts, they are nowadays being explored for very different issues such as wastewater treatment, medicine, quantum computing, renewable energies or luminescent sensors. Therefore, POM chemistry can be considered as one of the most dynamic fields of the inorganic chemistry, as well as one of the fields with the greatest future.

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Kendiliginden gelisen aort yalanci anevrizmasi Behcet hastaliginda gorulen nadir bir damar patolojisidir. 3 aydir sag klavikula ve batin hizasinda olan pulsatil kitle ve agri sikayeti ile basvuran subklavian arter ve abdominal aortada spontan gelisen yalanci anevrizmasi olan 30 yasinda multeci bayani sunmayi amacladik. Magnetik Rezonans anjiografi goruntulemesinde subklavian arterde 53x 50 mm genisliginde , abdominal aorta 78x64 mm genisliginde yalanci anevrizma mevcuttu. Hasta subklavaian arter yalanci anevrizmasi rezeksiyon ameliyatina alindi.


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Question: Tubal Schistosomiasis in Brazilian Women: A Case Report

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Several authors have reported schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium in the female genital tract of patients in endemic areas. This work describes tubal schistosomiasis by Schistosoma mansoni in a Brazilian woman submitted to hysterectomy for uterine myomatosis and metrorrhagia. Macroscopy evidenced hydrosalpinx of the left tube and multiple Schistosoma mansoni eggs were identified by anatomopathological examination. This article illustrates a rare form of schistosomiasis as the cause of tubal damage.

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Increasing Rate of Mortality Due to HIV/AIDS in Iranian Chil-dren: An Alarm for Health Policymakers


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Question: The interior solution of axially symmetric, stationary and rigidly rotating dust configurations

It is shown that the interior solution of axially symmetric, stationary and rigidly rotating dust configurations is completely determined by the mass density along the axis of rotation. The particularly interesting case of a mass density, which is cylindrical symmetric in the interior of the dust configuration, is presented. Among other things, this proves the non-existence of homogeneous dust configurations.

Abstract The fundamental singular velocity and pressure fields generated by the presence of an isolated force and a couple acting at a point in a two dimensional unbounded viscous incompressible medium executing oscillatory motions are obtained. These line singularities, the stokeslet and the rollet, are used to construct new solutions for certain oscillatory plane viscous flow problems in the region exterior to a circular cylinder.


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Question: Radiolarian Skeletons: Solution at Depths

Radiolarian skeletons were placed at several depths on the taut mooring wire of a buoy in the central Pacific for 4 months. Recent radiolarian sediment dissolved at appreciable rates at depths shallower than 2000 meters; solution was greatest near the surface and decreased with depth. This pattern correlates with bathymetric distributions of dissolved silicon and of temperature. Siliceous Radiolaria from planktonic samples appeared to dissolve about eight times faster than those from sediment. Tripyleans seemed to be less resistant than polycystins. Acantharia dissolved completely at all depths.

MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


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Question: High performances of shielded LTCC vertical transitions from DC up to 50 GHz

This paper reports on research on two generic shielded vertical transitions in low-temperature cofired ceramic technology. These interconnections are simulated and optimized by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations. The first circuit, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) or microstrip-to-stripline transition, presents great experimental performances from dc up to 50 GHz, and the second, a CPW-to-waveguide transition, is defined for Q-band applications.

A MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) mixer chip using the Schottky diode of an GaAs p-HEMT process has been developed for the I/Q demodulator of non-contact near field microwave probing system. A single balanced mixer type is adopted to achieve simple structure of the I/Q demodulator. A quadrature hybrid coupler and a quarter wavelength transmission line for 180 degree hybrid are realized with lumped elements of MIM capacitor and spiral inductor to reduce the mixer chip size. According to the on-wafer measurement, this MMIC mixer covers RF and LO frequencies of 1650MHz to 2050MHz with flat conversion loss. The MMIC mixer with miniature size of 2.5mm×1.7mm demonstrates conversion loss below 12dB for both variations of RF and LO frequencies, LO-to-IF isolation above 43dB and RF-to-IF isolation above 23dB, respectively.


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Question: Numerical analysis of different pulse propagation on nonuniform transmission lines

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The paper approaches the topic of the numerical modelling of the electromagnetic disturbances that occurs on HV lines. Being broadband signals, an accurate evaluation of the disturbances propagation on HV lines requires that the transmission lines model be taken into consideration. Therefore, in the first part of the paper the principles of modelling using non-uniform transmission lines are emphasized. Then the per-unit-length parameters computation is detailed, with the terms which take account of the influence of a lossy ground. In the second part of the paper the implemented numerical computation algorithm is presented. In the last part of the paper there are presented several examples using a concrete HV line to which several standard test signals have been applied.

The ultimate goal of this research is to construct a hybrid model for sound propagation in layered underwater environments with curved boundaries by employing a differential formulation for inhomog ...


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Question: Sterically congested "roofed" 2-iminothioethers as new chiral ligands for palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation

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The preparation of a new class of "roofed" aminothiol derivatives, from sterically congested, conformationally rigid chiral 2-thiazolidinones is described. The compounds function as efficient chiral ligands for the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate in the presence of cesium carbonate as a base.

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The preparation of the unnatural bicyclic alpha-amino acids 7 and 8 is described along with their utility as chiral ligands in the copper-catalyzed enantioselective allylic oxidation of cylohexene ...


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Question: Self-reported health and satisfaction of patients with chronic diseases who meditate: a case–control study

Purpose ::: While many clinical trials suggest that meditation is effective in reducing disease-related symptoms and increasing quality of life in diseased samples, subjective health benefits associated with the use of meditation under naturalistic conditions have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in quality of life, mental health, and satisfaction in patients with chronic diseases who regularly use meditation versus those who do not.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial factors that influence diabetes self-management and health care utilization among men of color with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected fr...


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Question: Microwave multimeter constructed from a four-probe microwave transmitted-power transducer

Four-probe line transducers are discussed in application to simultaneous measurements of the power and complex reflection coefficient of microwave devices with the elimination of mismatch error. The device described in the article and the data-processing algorithm embody typical features of a microwave multimeter and circuit analyzer utilizing 12-terminal couplings.

Fixed frequency, point-by-point calibration is outlined for a reference standard directional coupler to be used in steppedfrequency measurement of 40-dB, or greater, coupling factors of directional couplers. If a reference directional coupler has a 40-dB coupling factor, a main-line waveguide output, and a sexless coaxial side-arm output, the best accuracy obtainable in measurement of its coupling factor is estimated to be ±0.03 dB.


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Question: On the Practical Character of Contemporary Moral Education

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Moral education of the 20th century has the cognitive trend and neglects moral practice . It becomes one of the reasons why the practical effect of moral education is so bad. Thinking about traditional moral education, it's necessary to analyze the practical character of contemporary moral education and make it clear that moral practice has double functions of development and aim. Itis the demand of socialist market economy. To establish the moral education system that takes moral practice as its aim is an inevitable choice.

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Introduction The Religious Foundations of Humane Global Governance Rethinking Secularism in an Era of Globalization The Place of Religion in Upholding the Rights of Future Generation The Monotheistic Religions and Globalization Politically Engaged Spirituality in an Emerging Global Civil Society Hans Kung's Crusade: Framing a Global Ethic Gandhi's Legacy for World Order Our Millennial Challenge


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Question: Schackoina moliniensis Reichel from the Lower Cenomanian of north-east England and its stratigraphical significance

SUMMARY The planktic foraminiferan Schackoina moliniensis Reichel is recorded and described for the first time from the Hunstanton Formation (Red Chalk) of north-east England. Its distribution in two sections is presented: the upper part of the Red Cliff Hole Member of the Hunstanton Formation at Speeton in the Cleveland Basin; and from a Thalassinoides burrow beneath the erosion surface near the top of the Hunstanton Formation at South Ferriby on the East Midlands Shelf. This horizon, with S. moliniensis , represents an important, easily recognizable, planktic foraminiferal marker horizon in the lower part of the Lower Cenomanian of north-east England, and enables the extent of the non-sequence at the Albian-Cenomanian boundary on the East Midlands Shelf to be assessed.

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Hunter, A.W., Rushton, A.W.A. & Stone, P., September 2016. Comments on the ophiuroid family Protasteridae and description of a new genus from the Lower Devonian of the Fox Bay Formation, Falkland Islands. Alcheringa 40, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518Asterozoan fossils are comparatively rare in Gondwana compared with Laurentia, especially in the Devonian. We examined the only fossil ophiuroid yet known from the Falkland Islands and assess its significance for the evolution of the clade. This ophiuroid, herein distinguished as a new genus and species, Darwinaster coleenbiggsae, belongs to the same suprageneric group as Protaster, which was established on a series of Middle–Upper Ordovician taxa and persisted into the late Palaeozoic remarkably little changed in morphology. This single example is part of a much wider fauna that includes fossils from the Bokkeveld Group, South Africa and the Precordillera of Argentina. Existing palaeobiogeographic reconstructions confirm that these faunas once existed on contiguous ...


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Question: Host Resistance Mechanisms to Newcastle Disease Virus in Immunodeficient Chickens 1

SummaryIn order to assess the mechanisms of host resistance to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the susceptibility of young adult normal, T cell deficient and agamma-globulinemic chickens to an avirulent live vaccine (Bl) and a mesogenic strain of NDV was studied. All animals, regardless of im-munological status resisted the vaccine strain. Most normal birds resisted mesogenic NDV, however T cell deficient birds were much more susceptible and agammaglobu-linemic chickens were extremely susceptible. There was no difference in the kinetics and levels of hemagglutination-inhibition activity of plasma between normal, control-irradiated and T cell deficient birds ncr between dying and surviving birds. Agammaglobu-linemic chickens could be partially protected against an otherwise lethal challenge following immunization with avirulent NDV, low doses of mesogenic NDV inoculated intranasally or im injection of β-propriolactone inactivated NDV mixed in complete Freund's adjuvant. The possible mechanisms for this prot...

Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


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Given ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'Intra-operative nursing for children with congenital heart disease during interventional closure under general anesthesia'], a positive would be ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Objective To study the intra-operative nursing for children with congenital heart disease(CHD) during interventional closure under general anesthesia.Methods Of the 30 children with CHD(13 males,17 females) at the age of 1-8 years(2±3.2 years) enrolled in this study,12 underwent ventricular septal defect closure,7 atrial septal defect closure,8 patent ductus arteriosus closure,and 3 pulmonary valve stenosis valvoplasty under the guidance of X-ray and UCG.The patients were closely monitored by ECG during operation in order to prevent complications.Results The operation was a 100% success with no complications occurred.Conclusion Careful intra-operative care,skilled collaboration and close monitoring play important role in the success of operation for children with CHD under general anesthesia.'] & a negative would be ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'The perioperative management of pulmonary hypertension in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome, the most advanced form of associated pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), who required a sigmoidectomy is presented. The treatment for pulmonary hypertension was switched from oral sildenafil to intravenous epoprostenol to avoid the unexpected discontinuation of vasodilation during the perioperative period. The scheduled perioperative conversion should be considered for patients with severe PAH undergoing major abdominal surgery to ensure the stabilization of pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics.']

Question: Effects of different density on growth,development and production of sesame

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['represent this\n\nFewshot example: "Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS), a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism, is characterized by the persistence of Mullerian duct structures (uterus, fallopian tubes and upper two-thirds of vagina) in otherwise normally- virilized males (Karyotype 46XY). Patients suffering from PMDS present with cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia and infertility. Diagnosis is established when Mullerian duct structures are discovered either during ultrasonography for localization of undescended testis(s), during surgical exploration for cryptorchidism or herniorrhaphy (hernii uteri inguinalis). Presence of both testes on one side of the scrotum is known as Transverse Testicular Ectopia (TTE). Co-existence of PMDS and transverse testicular ectopia in a patient of mosaic Klinefelter\'s syndrome (Karyotype 46XY/47XXY) is a unique genetic association." == "Combined Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome, Transverse Testicular Ectopia and Mosaic Klinefelter\'s Syndrome"', 'In order to improve the rotation accuracy and stiffness of spindle system of sophisticated dicing saw,a new type of high stiffness dynamic and static pressuried journal air bearing with variable restrictor and pressure groove is designed.The working principle of the bearing is that the air pressure reaction in the bearing gap makes the elastic membrane to take place deformation,which brings the parameter of restrictor and pressure groove under control,increasing the stiffness of this bearing.The structure,working principle and working process of this bearing are introduced in detail.The plain bearing and this new type of high stiffness bearing are compared experimentally.The results show that both the carrying capacity and stiffness of this new bearing are higher than those of plain bearing.'] == ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract:', 'A New Type of High Stiffness Dynamic and Static Pressuried Journal Air Bearing Used in Sophisticated Dicing Saw']

With the zhuzhi 8 as material ,researched the effects on agronomy character under different cultivated density. Experiment results showed that:Density affects sesame production construction and bear character,then affects sesame production directly. 5000 ～10000 is the best cultivated density range.

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SUMMARY ::: ::: The effects of different concentrations of salinity, pH, and nutritional and growth-promoting sub-stances on the production of proliferations in Gelidiella acerosa were investigated, with a view of increasing the production rule of the alga in its aquiculture.


Question: Design of Mobile Learning Based on Web Services

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In this paper design and implementation of mobile learning system based on J2ME and Web services are discussed. In this system J2ME was used in the development of the end of the mobile , while Web Services was used to deal with the interaction between the server end and the customer end. This system can be configured on mobile communication devices to satisfy the application requirements of mobile learning.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Slowing, advancing and switching of microwave signals using circuit nanoelectromechanics

A nanomechanical oscillator coupled to a superconducting waveguide provides all-microwave field-controlled tunable slowing and advancing of microwave signals, with millisecond distortion-free delay and negligible losses.

Dispersion control and active materials integration have yielded plasmonic components including i) three-dimensional single layer plasmonic metamaterials ii) all-optical, electro-optic and field effect modulation of plasmon propagation iii) plasmon-enhanced absorption in solar cells.


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Question: Stochastic Quadratic BSDE With Two RCLL Obstacles

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We study the problem of existence of solutions for generalized backward stochastic differential equation with two reflecting barriers (GRBSDE for short) under weaker assumptions on the data. Roughly speaking we show the existence of a maximal solution for GRBSDE when the terminal condition ξ is FT-measurable, the coefficient f is continuous with general growth with respect to the variable y and stochastic quadratic growth with respect to the variable z and the reflecting barriers L and U are just right continuous with left limits. The result is proved without assuming any P-integrability conditions on the terminal data.

AbstractThe following sections are included:The Black–Scholes Model, Terminology, and the Stop-Loss Start-Gain StrategyResolution of the ParadoxValuation ResultsGeneralizing the Stock-Price ProcessConclusionsAppendixContinuous semimartingalesGeometric Brownian motionTime-homogeneous diffusion processesReferences


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Question: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Third-Wave Cognitive Constructs and Youth Anxiety

A greater understanding of the extent to which the maintenance models underlying mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and metacognitive therapy, originally developed for adults, are empirically supported in anxious youth is needed to inform theory and treatment. We provide an overview of these models. After systematically searching the literature, we estimated the mean effect sizes of the associations between third-wave cognitive constructs (mindfulness, psychological inflexibility, and metacognitions) and anxiety in youth. There is a medium effect size for mindfulness, a large effect size for psychological inflexibility, and a medium to large effect size for metacognitions and anxiety in youth. Overall, there are many more studies testing metacognition than mindfulness and psychological inflexibility, suggesting reliability and generalizability of the results. Recommendations for future studies investigating the validity of third-wave cognitive components in relation to...

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Empathy in Human Relationships.- Definitions and Conceptualization.- Human Connection in Health and Illness.- An Evolutionary Perspective, Psycho-Socio-Physiology, Neuroanatomy, and Heritability.- Psychodynamics and Development.- Measurement of Empathy in the General Population.- Empathy in Patient Care.- A Definition and Key Features of Empathy in Patient Care.- The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy.- The Interpersonal Dynamics in Clinician-Patient Relationships.- Empathy as Related to Sex, Personal Qualities, Clinical Competence, and Career Choice.- Patient Outcomes.- Enhancement of Empathy.- Parting Thoughts: A Paradigm of Empathy and Future Directions.


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Question: Comments on “Synthesis and characterisation of enantiopure copper(ii) complexes with chiral bidentate ligands”

Intramolecular π-stacking plays a role in diastereomerically pure Fe(II) complexes of certain pyridine/imines, but contrary to a recent report, no such interaction is present in the Cu(II) analogues and the stereoselectivity is as yet unknown.

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Novel 1,3-dithiole and 1-selena-3-thiole Wittig–Homer reagents have been developed and used in the efficient synthesis of a range of new, unsymmetrical tetrathiafulvalene and selenatrithiafulvalene derivatives (6)–(10) and (16); cyclic voltammetry establishes that these molecules are efficient π-donors.


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Question: Liposomal Alendronate Inhibits Systemic Innate Immunity and Reduces In-Stent Neointimal Hyperplasia in Rabbits

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Background— Innate immunity is of major importance in vascular repair. The present study evaluated whether systemic and transient depletion of monocytes and macrophages with liposome-encapsulated bisphosphonates inhibits experimental in-stent neointimal formation. Methods and Results— Rabbits fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet underwent bilateral iliac artery balloon denudation and stent deployment. Liposomal alendronate (3 or 6 mg/kg) was given concurrently with stenting. Monocyte counts were reduced by >90% 24 to 48 hours after a single injection of liposomal alendronate, returning to basal levels at 6 days. This treatment significantly reduced intimal area at 28 days, from 3.88±0.93 to 2.08±0.58 and 2.16±0.62 mm2. Lumen area was increased from 2.87±0.44 to 3.57±0.65 and 3.45±0.58 mm2, and arterial stenosis was reduced from 58±11% to 37±8% and 38±7% in controls, rabbits treated with 3 mg/kg, and rabbits treated with 6 mg/kg, respectively (mean±SD, n=8 rabbits/group, P<0.01 for all 3 parameters). No drug...

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Question: Nonlinear analysis of skew plates using the finite element method

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Abstract In this paper finite element analysis of the large deflection behaviour of skew plates has been done. A high precision conforming triangular plate bending element has been used. The central deflection, bending and membrane stresses have been reported for simply supported and clamped rhombic plates. The variations of these quantities have been studied for different skew angles.

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In the present note, three infinite boundary elements are proposed for the quasi-static 2D elastic problem. Within the framework of hypersingular boundary integral equations, a polynomial decaying, a reciprocal decaying, and a constant-logarithmic infinite boundary element are formulated, implemented and tested with respect to the analytical 2D plane strain solution of a strip load on a half-plane.


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Question: One-photon pair production on the expanding de Sitter spacetime

We study the one-photon scalar pair production QED process on the expanding de Sitter spacetime. Using perturbation theory, we obtain the transition probability and study its properties as a function of the expansion parameter $\omega$. On flat space the process is forbidden by energy-momentum conservation. It is expected that for a dynamical background there is an energy exchange correlate to the strength of the gravitational field. We use momentum space plots and compute the mean production angle to illustrate this. We show that the mean angle grows with $\omega$, but also find that in the flat limit the fall-off is unexpectedly slow. To investigate this further we obtain the probability around different angular configuration, at leading order in $m/\omega$, and find that the $\omega$ dependence at small angles is very weak. We comment on the possible astrophysical implications.

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The scattering amplitude and the total scattering cross section of massless particles propagating in the gravitational field of a global monopole are derived. We find that the physical signature of such defects is a ringlike angular region where the scattering amplitude is very large. The size of this ringlike region is determined by the ratio of the global monopole mass to the Planck mass and its appearance stems from the fact that the metric of the global monopole is not asymptotically flat but rather displays the characteristic spherical angle defect. The situation is therefore very much reminiscent of scattering in the gravitational field of the cosmic string.


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Question: Rapid Separation and Determination of Four Penicillins by HPLC

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A high performance liquid chromatographic method,coupled with ultraviolet detection(HPLC-UV),was developed for the determination of Ampicillin Sodium,Mezlocilin Sodium,Phenoxymethylpenicillin Potassium and Cloxacillin Sodium.It employed a Shim-pack VP-ODS column(150 mm × 4.6 mm,4.6 μm)and a mobile phase of 50 volumes of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 volumes of methanol at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 208 nm;The temperature of column was 40℃.At this condition Ampicillin Sodium,Mezlocilin Sodium,Phenoxymethylpenicillin Potassium and Cloxacillin Sodium could be completely separated.The proposed method was used for the content determinioation of four penicillins preparation,the recovery was in the range 97.5%～100.7%.The proposed HPLC method is convenient,accurate.

Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.


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Question: The shape of a species' spatial abundance distribution

Aim The shape of a species' spatial abundance distribution may change with spatial scale. We predict that the shape will typically change from strictly downward-sloping (falling) to humped (rising then falling) as the spatial scale increases. The prediction, motivated in part by central limit reasoning, is intended for common or abundant species over reasonably homogeneous habitats. We test the prediction using data on 800+ tree species, one ant species, and 14 bird species. ::: ::: ::: ::: Location Tree data are for Malaysia and Central America; ant and bird data are for North America. ::: ::: ::: ::: Methods For each species, histograms and relative mode shape statistics are compared across multiple spatial scales. ::: ::: ::: ::: Results The predicted pattern is broadly confirmed. ::: ::: ::: ::: Main conclusions The emerging hump pattern is a candidate for listing among macroecological regularities. In appropriate contexts, spatial theories might be asked to predict the pattern.

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Fewshot example: "['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'A brief discussion on the relevance of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) in Sect. 9.1 is followed by a review of the type of SPDEs studied in the mathematical literature (Sect. 9.2). Section 9.3 shows that SPDEs can be solved by the methods in Chaps. 7 and 8 via time and space discretization. Section 9.4 deals with SPDEs that are frequently encountered in applications. The focus is on stochastic elliptic partial differential equations. We review general concepts on this class of equations (Sect. 9.4.1), and present solutions by Monte Carlo (Sect. 9.4.4), stochastic reduced order models (Sect. 9.4.5), stochastic Galerkin (Sect. 9.4.8), and stochastic collocation (Sect. 9.4.9) methods. The last section of the chapter considers SDEs whose coefficients have small uncertainty, and presents methods for solving these equations by Taylor (Sect. 9.5.1), perturbation (Sect. 9.5.2), and Neumann series (Sect. 9.5.3) representations.']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Stochastic Partial Differential Equations']"

Comparative experiments measuring the form and extent of plant responses to environmental factors allow an ecologically important distinction to be made between morphological plasticity and cellular acclimation. The two phenomena are associated with different sets of plant traits with which they occur with highest fidelity and potency at opposite ends of productivity gradients. A trade-off between scale and precision occurs with respect to the responses of plants to patchiness in resource supply and this provides valuable predictors of the status achieved by species in plant communities.


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Question: PMU based robust state estimation using scaling

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State estimation problem is commonly solved by the weighted least squares (WLS) method, which is known to be non-robust, i.e. it fails in the presence of a single bad measurement. A more robust alternative is the least absolute value (LAV) estimator which can automatically reject bad-data in the absence of the so called leverage measurements. When using only measurements provided by phasor measurement units (PMU), it can be shown that leverage measurements can be eliminated easily by strategic scaling. Hence, in this paper it is argued that when using PMU measurements, LAV estimator will provide a robust alternative to the WLS.

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In this paper the determination of the optimal word-length of the variables implicated in a noise adaptive canceller based on a gradient lattice-ladder algorithm is presented. Upper and lower bounds from the variables are determined from a set of spoken words.


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Question: Superposition-model analysis of zero-field splitting parameters for Mn2+ in NSHH and MSHH single crystals

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The superposition-model suggested by Newman has been used to calculate the zero-field splitting parameters (ZFS) at room temperature that fit the experimental data taken from the literature. The satisfactory reproduction of experimental values of ZFS parameters indicates that Mn2+ substitute in place of Ni2+ and Mg2+ in the lattices and does not cause appreciable local distortion in the host crystals NSHH and MSHH. The calculations are made with the assumption that the total field experienced at an ion in a crystal is due to nearest neighbor ions, using power law exponent t2 = 7 ± 1 and t4 = 10 ± 1 the reference distance Rο = 0.22 nm for Mn2+ surrounded by oxygens. The superposition model analysis shows that for large values of ZFS parameters b 2 0 , b 2 2 , b 4 0 , b 4 2 and b 4 4 , intrinsic parameters \( \bar{b}_{ 2} \) and \( \bar{b}_{ 4} \) can be estimated with suitable errors but for small values of these spin–Hamiltonian parameters it is very difficult to predict the correct sign and magnitude.

Abstract Photo-sensitive electron spin resonance of the 3 d 7 -ions Fe + , Co 2+ , Ni 3+ has been detected and analysed in GaP, GaAs and InP. For GaP : Ni 3+ , hyperfine interaction with the four nearest P 31 -ligands could be resolved.


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Question: Loss of the diurnal variation of pyridostigmine-induced growth hormone responses in depression: the effect of cortisol.

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Growth hormone (GH) plasma concentrations reflect a balance between stimulation via GH-releasing hormone and inhibition by somatostatin. Cholinergic agonists enhance GH release by inhibiting somatostatin secretion and in health, stimulated GH release undergoes diurnal variation. We investigated the influence of cortisol on pyridostigmine-induced GH responses by testing six patients with DSM-III-R major depression at 09.00 and 14.00 h. There were no differences in GH responses to pyridostigmine between 09.00 and 14.00 h despite a preservation of the circadian variation of cortisol levels. If cortisol plays an important role in regulating cholinergic activity one would expect the diurnal variation of pyridostigmine-induced GH release to be preserved. As it is not, a reasonable assumption to make is that the muscarinic supersensitivity observed in depression may be independent of the prevailing steroid milieu.

SUMMARY ::: To elucidate further the role of histamine in the control of ACTH secretion we investigated the effect of the selective H1 receptor antagonist meclastine on the ACTH response to insulin hypoglycaemia and to metyrapone-induced hypocortisolaemia in normal subjects. Intravenous meclastine (4·8 mg/90 min) significantly inhibited the hypoglycaemia-induced ACTH and Cortisol increase whereas serum GH and PRL concentrations were unaffected. Orally administered meclastine (3 × 2 mg) also reduced the ACTH feedback response to cortisol deficiency in a modified metyrapone test, compared to a placebo. Our findings support the concept of an excitatory influence of histamine upon ACTH secretion via H1 receptors, possibly by stimulation of CRF release.


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Question: Study on the application of exponential smoothing and control chart in tool condition monitoring

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This paper presents a tool condition monitoring system based on the Holt-Winters exponential smoothing prediction model and improved single-value control chart. This system, using the Holt-Winters prediction model to predict the milling force, genetic algorithm to optimize the model parameters, and improved the single-value control chart to solve the relevant problems in the milling process, is to monitor the milling force under different working conditions. The results show that this control system can meet the demands of real-time, adaptability, efficiency and reliability needed in the monitoring system, and have a practical significance in the on-line monitoring of the tools.

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The goods delivery forecasting system of an industrial process can shorten the stocking time of products so that the production cost becomes low. It includes several process models, so the key task of designing such a system is modeling. In this paper, the goods delivery forecasting system of a cold rolling system of a steel factory is studied and its steel productivity forecasting model is designed with the radial basis function (RBF) neural network. Such a model is based on the actual data of a cold rolling sizing unit. The results show that the RBF neural network based forecasting model of the steel productivity is effective.


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Question: Solvent dependence of intramolecular hydrogen-bonds in ethylene glycol derivatives: an FT-IR study

Abstract A number of mono-methyl ethers of (poly) ethylene glycols have been investigated by FT-IR in the gas phase as well as in dilute solutions of CCl 4 , CS 2 , CHCl 3 and CH 3 I. It appears that both nucleophilic and electrophilic solvent interaction causes a decrease in the stretching frequency of an OH-donor. The behaviour of an OH-donor in a 5-RH-bond is similar to that of a monohydroxy-OH as both types of hydroxyl groups have an “open” character towards the solvent. As the OH-proton is strongly shielded in the 8-R and 11-R conformations, the frequencies in CCl 4 , CS 2 and CH 3 I are mainly determined by the positions of the acceptors and the bulk effect of the solvents. In solution, conformations are preferred in which the OH-proton exhibits a large accessibility to the solvent.

Abstract A new cavitand 2 and its complexation with fullerene to afford complex 3 was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Macrocycle 2 was studied in solution by NMR, and in the solid state by 13C CP-MAS, NMR and X-ray diffraction. The macrocycle 2 can host 2 fullerene C60 molecules in its structure. For the complex 3, π-π, CH-π and n-π interactions were observed by 13C CP-MAS and FTIR spectroscopy. MM and MD calculations were carried out.


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Question: Organic electroluminescence display device

An organic electroluminescence display apparatus is provided to improve a brightness and a contrast of an image by coloring a rear surface of the image. An organic electroluminescence display apparatus includes a substrate(100), an organic electroluminescence device, and an electro-chromic element. The organic electroluminescence element is placed on the substrate and has a first electrode(110), an organic film layer(120) with one or a plurality of light emitting layers, and a second electrode(130). The electro-chromic element is placed on a side of the organic electroluminescence device and has a third electrode(140), an electrolyte layer(150), and a fourth electrode(160). The electrolyte layer includes one or a plurality of electro-chromic material layers.

Production method of the fluorinated metal phthalocyanine in the axial direction and their use in photovoltaic devices It discloses.


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Question: Comprar The Handbook of Child Language | Paul Fletcher | 9780631203124 | Wiley

Tienda online donde Comprar The Handbook of Child Language al precio 45,36 € de Paul Fletcher | Brian MacWhinney, tienda de Libros de Medicina, Libros de Psicologia - Psicologia General

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The Cardiovascular System, 2nd Edition Systems of the Body Series - Libros de Medicina - Sistema Cardiovascular - 25,59


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Question: Competition between modulation instability and four-wave mixing in the dispersion-shifted fiber

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We demonstrate the modulation instability (MI) and four-wave mixing (FWM) spectra at the input of a pump accompanied with a seed in the dispersion-shifted fiber. By numerically solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, it is confirmed that there are two regions as the absolute value of the second-order fiber dispersion decreases, where MI and FWM dominates, respectively. We attribute this phenomenon to the competition between MI and FWM. Furthermore, for the FWM-dominating region, it can be divided into two subregions according to the different power levels of MI, which mainly results from the power transfer between MI and dispersive wave. Our results may lead to a further understanding of nonlinear interactions in optical fiber.

We numerically demonstrate, comparing with experimental data, a wavelength conversion for a 200 Gbaud super-channel based on the cascaded sum- and difference- frequency generation in a PPLN waveguide.


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Question: Hrirs' Adaptive Non-Linear Approximation Model Based on Wavelet Transformation

During the study of spatial hearing, it is requisite to consider how to properly model the acoustical characteristics of HRTFs (head-related transfer functions: HRTFs) or HRIRs (head-related impulse responses: HRIRs) corresponding to certain positions. In our work, we managed to carry through adaptive non-linear approximation in the field of wavelet transformation. The results show that, the HRIRs' adaptive nonlinear approximation model is a more effective data reduction model, faster and averagely 5 dB better than the traditional PCA (Karhunen-Loeve transform) model based on relative error

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These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


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Question: 2-Bromo-N-(2-Bromoethyl)-N-Carbethoxyethanamine, a Useful Reagent in the Synthesis of 4,4 Disubstituted Piperidines

Abstract With this we like to communicate on the use of the reagent, 2-bro-mo-N-(2-bromoethyl)-N-carbethoxyethanamine 1, in the synthesis of 4,4 disubstituted piperidines. The latter are of interest in the field of neuroleptics1, local anesthetics2, analgetics3,4 and antidiarrhoeal agents5. Synthesis of some of them can be realized starting from an appropriate 4-functionalized piperidine1. A method using the alkylation of active methylene compounds with N-mustard derivatives of type 2a,b is most useful2-4,6. Also the N-sulfonyl protected derivative 2c has been used, with variable success; however if refunctionalization on the piperidine N-atom is required, the sulfonyl group is not easily removed.

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This account relates our quest for effective syntheses of 3-acyltetramic acids and also presents examples of our group’s increasing audacity to tackle the more intricate structural varieties of this compound class. 1 Introduction 2 A New Wittig-Based Access to Tetramic Acids 3 3-Acyltetramic Acids with Linear Side Chains 4 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acids 5 O - and N -Glycosylated 3-Acyltetramic Acids 6 Macrocyclic 3-Acyltetramic Acids 7 Miscellaneous Reactions 8 Whither to go from Here?


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Question: Effects of static electric field and of mechanical pressure on surface acoustic waves propagation in La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/ piezoelectric single crystals

The complete set of tensorial components of linear and nonlinear electromechanical properties for La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/, piezoelectric crystals have been obtained. These data were used for the analysis of influence of static electric field and of uniaxial homogeneous mechanical pressure on the propagation of surface acoustic waves.

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Abstract Synthesis and investigations of ceramic samples of the systems Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3-PbTiO3 (I) and Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3-BiFeO3 (II) were carried out. These investigations included X-ray study, dielectric measurements at low (I and II) and over the microwave frequencies (pure Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3) and differential scanning calorimetry.


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Question: Resistance between channels may lead to increased action potential efficiency

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was measured using multiple previously established measures. Results of these simulations suggest that the energyefficiency of an action potential may be optimized by varying the relative area surrounding NaV and KDR channels as a function of the degree of resistance between these two channel types. This model predicts that the energy efficiency of action potentials may be smaller than predicted by most biophysical models and suggests that the relative concentrations and single-channel conductances of depolarizing Na and repolarizing K channels may be subject to selection based upon energy consumption. The model also displays an upper bound for the degree of resistance between sodium and potassium channels, beyond which the neuron fails to completely repolarize. Results from this simulation have also shown some disagreement in commonly-used measures of AP energy efficiency.

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To give you a sense - "['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', "This paper introduces the features of digital resources construction of independent college's library, analyzes some problems existing in digital resources construction of the library such as that the featureless digital resources, the severe shortage of construction funds, and the lack of specialized technical personnel, etc., and puts forward some solutions."]" should be close to "['Represent this text!', "Discussion on Digital Resources Construction of Independent College's Library"]"

A procedure for estimating the value of the equilibrium voltage based on just a few voltage readings obtained in the early stage of the measurement process.


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Question: Intensified Foraging and the Roots of Farming in China

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In an accompanying paper (Journal of Anthropological Research 73(2):149–80, 2017), the authors assess current archaeological and paleobiological evidence for the early Neolithic of China. Emerging trends in archaeological data indicate that early agriculture developed variably: hunting remained important on the Loess Plateau, and aquatic-based foraging and protodomestication augmented cereal agriculture in South China. In North China and the Yangtze Basin, semisedentism and seasonal foraging persisted alongside early Neolithic culture traits such as organized villages, large storage structures, ceramic vessels, and polished stone tool assemblages. In this paper, we seek to explain incipient agriculture as a predictable, system-level cultural response of prehistoric foragers through an evolutionary assessment of archaeological evidence for the preceding Paleolithic to Neolithic transition (PNT). We synthesize a broad range of diagnostic artifacts, settlement, site structure, and biological remains to devel...

Social Inequality and the Evolution of Human Social Organization.- On the Evolution of the Human Capacity for Inequality and/or Egalitarianism.- Degrees and Kinds of Inequality.- Gimme That Old Time Religion: Rethinking the Role of Religion in the Emergence of Social Inequality.- Who Benefits from Complexity? A View from Futuna.- Traces of Inequality at the Origins of Agriculture in the Ancient Near East.- Decentralized Complexity: The Case of Bronze Age Northern Europe.- Bitter Arrows and Generous Gifts: WhatWas a 'King' in the European Iron Age?.- A Dual-Processual Perspective on the Power and Inequality in the Contemporary United States: Framing Political Economy for the Present and the Past.


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Question: Introduction to the physics of molecular imaging with radioactive tracers in small animals

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Recent advances have greatly enhanced the three-dimensional (3D) imaging of radioactive tracers in living animals. this article introduces the physics of imaging behind the imaging methods. The article first discusses the selection of the radiation emitted from the tracer and then the process of tomographic reconstruction or how 3D images are made from imaging around the outside of the animal. The technique of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in which the detection of one X-ray or gamma ray at a time is employed for image formation is then described. Finally, positron emission tomography (PET) which relies on the simultaneous detection of the pair of gamma-rays formed when the positron annihilates is presented. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 39: 221–230, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Research progress regarding the use of PET reactions on synthesis of medium to large ring compounds and the prospects of their applications were introduced.


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Question: Relativistic Spectral Properties of Landau Operator with $\delta$- and $\delta'$- cylinder interactions

Using the theory of self-adjoint extensions, we study the relativistic spectral properties of the Landau operator with $\delta$ and $\delta '$ interactions on a cylinder of radius $R$ for a charged spin particle system, formally given by the Hamiltonian $H^G_{B} = {(p-A)}^2 I + {\bf{\sigma}}.{\bf{B}+G}V(r),$ $\bigg(V(r) = \delta (R-r)$ or $V(r) = \delta' (R-r) \bigg),$ acting in $ L^2(\R^2)\bigotimes \C^2 $. $G$ a scalar $2\times 2$ real matrix. I is the identity matrix. The potential vector has the form $A= (B/2)(-y, x)$ and $B>0.$

We consider a charged Dirac particle bound in a scalar potential perturbed by a classical magnetic field derivable from a vector potential $\mathbf{A}(\mathbf{r}).$ Using a procedure based on the Gordon decomposition of a field-induced current, we identify diamagnetic and paramagnetic contributions to the second-order perturbation-theory correction to the particle's energy. In contradiction to earlier findings, based on the sum-over-states approach, it is found that the resulting diamagnetic term is ${\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{(2)}{=(q}^{2}/2m)〈{\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{(0)}|\ensuremath{\beta}{\mathbf{A}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{(0)}〉,$ where ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{(0)}(\mathbf{r})$ is an unperturbed eigenstate and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is the matrix associated with the rest-energy term in the Dirac Hamiltonian.


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Question: The Japanese Firm as an Innovating Institution

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At one level, this paper may be regarded as an exercise in comparative industrial organisation. We are primarily interested in accounting for the highly successful performance of Japanese manufacturing firms in the innovation process. In pursuing this goal, however, it will be necessary to ‘unpack’, and to examine critically, some intellectual baggage that has strongly shaped and influenced the approach to innovative activity in the recent past. To the extent that our approach is convincing, it suggests a reordering of focus and emphasis in the study of innovation.

Volume I: Theory of the Multinational Enterprises Volume II: Joint Ventures and Modes of Entry Volume III: Strategic Management of Multinationals Volume IV: Multinationals in a Social and Regional Context


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Question: Structural Type and Characteristic of Agent-Object Clause

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The agent-object clause is one in which the object in the clause is the agent of action of the predicate-verb. This is a comparatively peculiar sentence-pattern in modern Chinese language. The author makes effort to discuss its structural type and characteristic by means of analysis of direct agent-object clause in grammar. The characteristic of agent-object clause with one-way verb is that there is an agent relationship between the verb and the noun which follows the verb; the characteristic of agent-clause with two-way verb is that there is relationship of agent-acception between the noun with the verb which follows it, and the action-verb with the noun at the head of the sentence. The article gives a preliminary analysis of the characteristic of the verb in agent-object clause.


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Question: Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia limited to the vulva

Summary ::: ::: A patient with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is described. This is, to our knowledge, the first case report in which the lesions were located on the vulva.

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['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'This paper introduces a low-cost LEGO Mindstorms NXT motor system for teaching classical and modern control theories in standard third-year undergraduate courses. The LEGO motor system can be used in conjunction with MATLAB, Simulink, and several necessary toolboxes to demonstrate: 1) a modeling technique; 2) proportional-integral-differential (PID) control; and 3) state feedback control and estimator design. This paper describes the use of these demonstrations during three lab sessions and illustrates their usefulness for helping students to understand the modeling and control systems theories.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Control systems lab using a LEGO Mindstorms NXT motor system']

Summary ::: ::: A 64-year-old man developed a symmetrical erosive polyarthritis affecting the hands and feet in association with a progressive woody induration of the limbs and flexion contractures, Investigations showed peripheral eosinophilia and an inflammatory fibrosis maximally involving the deep fascia. The relationship of eosinophilic fasciitis to morphoea and progressive systemic sclerosis is discussed.


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Question: Cloning and expression of the gene encoding allograft inflammatory factor-1 of Bos grunniens.

An allograft inflammatory factor-1(AIF-1) gene was cloned from the spleen of adult Maiwa yak by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the expression module of AIF-1 gene in various tissues of yak was observed.The AIF-1 gene was 555bp,containing a 444bp open reading frame which encodes a 147 amino acids of a 16.6ku protein of molecular weight.The encoded protein shared 89% to 95% identity with other species of animals.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that mRNA expression of Maiwa yak AIF-1 gene was high in the spleen and kidney,and the expression level in the spleen was higher than that in the kindey,but could not be detected in the heart,liver,muscle and galactophore.

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SUMMARY ::: ::: Nitric oxide synthase has been shown to mediate streptozocin-induced diabetes and to act as an antimicrobial agent in murine macrophages. Using a cDNA probe for the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (Nos2) isolated from murine macrophages we have determined that the gene maps within 1 cM of the nude mutation on mouse Chromosome 11. The position of Nos2 was also mapped relative to the markers 115, Evi 2, Cchlbl (previously unmapped), and Gfap. This map location is discussed relative to map locations for disease susceptibility loci involved in mediating cutaneous leishmaniasis (Sell) and autoimmune type-I diabetes (Idd4).


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Question: A Notation for the Structure of Cognitive Processes, with Application to Patterns of Verb-Processing Impairment.

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A method is proposed for processing datasets that show whether or not each of several patients was impaired on each of several tests, and expressing conclusions about them. Its advantages are that (1) results from the patterns of impairment alone are shown, uninfluenced by theories, previous empirical work, knowledge of lesions, or ideas about what the tests are really testing, and (2) the presentation to the reader is briefer and clearer than a narrative account. The method is applied to data on the patterns of impairment of 30 subjects on six tests, each requiring the processing of verbs (Kemmerer et al., Language and Cognitive Processes, 2001). A new interpretation of this dataset is given, in terms of a set of three systems, all of which are essential. These systems resemble three of those that Kemmerer et al. hypothesised that the six tests might utilise.

I Classification.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Lexical Analysis: A New Approach.- 3 Author's Motivation for a Speech Act Classification.- 4 Description and Explanation of the Method.- 5 Survey of the Resulting Speech Act Classification.- 6 Prospects and Limitations.- 7 References.- II Lexicon Sections.- Directions for Using Lexicon Section I.- 8 Lexicon Section I Semantic Classification of Speech Act Verbs.- Directions for Using Lexicon Section II.- 9 Lexicon Section II Alphabetic Index of Speech Act Verbs.