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Question: The 'Reform' of Teacher Education in England

Teacher education is increasingly being questioned. In England, politicians and others have misinterpreted statistics on teacher performance to imply that initial teacher training is at fault. In spite of evidence and argument, moves to place training either entirely or mostly in schools are well advanced. Funding for training is bound to follow this re-distribution of professional input and the whole area of educational studies (in England at least) has become problematic, as funds are taken out of education departments of universities and given directly to schools. The only way forward is to identify the essential elements of curriculum subjects- in our case music - and stress the unique and necessary elements of teacher education that cannot be generalised to the school setting.

Post-Structuralism, Ethnography and the Critical Analysis of Educational Reform What is Policy? - Texts, Trajectories and Toolboxes Education, Majorism and the Curriculum of the Dead Education Policy, Power Relations and Teachers' Work Cost, Culture and Control - Self Management and Entrepreneurial Schooling "New Headship" - Schools Leadership, New Relationships and New Tensions Education Markets, Choice and Social Class: The Market as a Class Strategy in the UK and US Competitive Schooling:. Values, Ethics and Cultural Engineering.


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Question: Periodic solutions in Hill's relativistic problem

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In this article the existence of periodic solutions in Hill's relativistic problem is demonstrated using Poincare's small parameter method. This method guarantees the convergence of the series representing the periodic solutions.

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Based on the new explicit Magnus expansion developed for nonlinear equations defined on a matrix Lie group, an efficient numerical method is proposed for nonlinear dynamical systems. To improve computational efficiency, the integration step size can be adaptively controlled. Validity and effectiveness of the method are shown by application to several nonlinear dynamical systems including the Duffing system, the van der Pol system with strong stiffness, and the nonlinear Hamiltonian pendulum system.


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Question: Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population.

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Despite the availability of various substance abuse treatments, alcohol and drug misuse and related negative consequences remain prevalent. Vipassana meditation (VM), a Buddhist mindfulness-based practice, provides an alternative for individuals who do not wish to attend or have not succeeded with traditional addiction treatments. In this study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of a VM course on substance use and psychosocial outcomes in an incarcerated population. Results indicate that after release from jail, participants in the VM course, as compared with those in a treatment-as-usual control condition, showed significant reductions in alcohol, marijuana, and crack cocaine use. VM participants showed decreases in alcohol-related problems and psychiatric symptoms as well as increases in positive psychosocial outcomes. The utility of mindfulness-based treatments for substance use is discussed.

Objective ::: The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which poor sleep quality is associated with suicidal ideation among Ethiopian adults.


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Question: The Combinatorics of Occam's Razor

Occam's Razor tells us to pick the simplest model that fits our observations. In order to make sense of his process mathematically, we interpret it in the context of posets of functions. Our approach leads to some unusual new combinatorial problems concerning functions between finite sets. The same ideas are used to define a nicely behaved and apparently unknown analogue of the rank of a group. We also make a construction that associates with each group an infinite sequence of numbers called its fusion sequence. The first term in this sequence is determined by the rank of the group and we provide examples of subsequent terms that suggest a subtle relationship between these numbers and the structure of the group.

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Foreword - Philip K. Maini List of Figures List of Notation Introduction and Outline On the Origin of Patterns Mathematical Modeling of Biological Pattern Formation Cellular Automata Random Movement Growth Processes Adhesive Cell Interaction Alignment and Cellular Swarming Pigment Cell Pattern Formation Tissue and Tumor Development Turing Patterns and Excitable Media Discussion and Outlook Appendix A. Growth Processes: A Mean-Field Equation Appendix B. Turing Patterns Appendix C. Excitable Media: Complete Interaction Rule Appendix D. Isotropy, Lattices, and Tensors References Index


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Question: Total synthesis of (+)-4-deoxygigantecin

(+)-4-Deoxygigantecin (1) was totally synthesized from enantiomerically pure (−)-muricatacin (3). Thus, 3 afforded the key intermediate 5 through a five-step reaction sequence, which was then converted to (+)-4-deoxygigantecin (1) via the formation of bis-tetrahydrofuran unit 11 and a coupling reaction with iodo lactone synthon 16.

Background/Aims: The effect of four secondary metabolites isolated from sponge Spongionella , gracilins H, A, L and tetrahydroaplysulphurin-1 on


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Question: Oral Anticoagulation-induced Iliacus Hematoma and Femoral Neuropathy!

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Oral anticoagulation is very effective in the management of thrombotic disorders. However, it can be associated with significant bleeding complication as its side effects. Iliacus hematoma presenting as a femoral neuropathy is a rare clinical scenario. Patients on anticoagulation with iliacus hematoma and neurological dysfunction should be taken up for decompression to avoid permanent disability. We, hereby, we report an interesting case of progressive femoral neuropathy due to iliacus hematoma which was decompressed successfully with prompt recovery of neurological dysfunction.

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1. Cardiovascular Status 2. Cardiovascular Syndromes 3. Specific Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Heart Disease, Valvular Heart Disease, Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 4. Delivery of Cardiac Care


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Question: Estimation of sea level variations with GPS/GLONASS-reflectometry technique

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In the present paper we study GNSS - reflectometry methods for estimation of sea level variations using a single GNSSreceiver, which are based on the multipath propagation effects caused by the reflection of navigational signals from the sea surface. Such multipath propagation results in the appearance of the interference pattern in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of GNSS signals at small satellite elevation angles, which parameters are determined by the wavelength of the navigational signal and height of the antenna phase center above the reflecting sea surface. In current work we used GPS and GLONASS signals and measurements at two working frequencies of both systems to study sea level variations which almost doubles the amount of observations compared to GPS-only tide gauge. For UNAVCO sc02 station and collocated Friday Harbor NOAA tide gauge we show good agreement between GNSS-reflectometry and traditional mareograph sea level data.

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Precise point positioning (PPP) has been used for the last decade as a cost-effective alternative for the ordinary differential GPS with an estimated precision sufficient for many applications. PPP requires collecting observations at the unknown station and correcting them for different types of errors using proper models and products. PPP precision varies based on observation type (single or dual frequency) and the duration of observations among other factors. This research presents an evaluation study for the variability of kinematic GPS–PPP precision based on different observation types (single and dual frequency) with two different software packages.


Question: Issue Cultivation Research of Castanea hengri

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Issue cultivation of Castanea hengri, using embryo as explant, is carried out. The results show that the best base medium is MS, and the optimal hormone promoting shoot differentiation is BA(1.5 mg/L) and IBA(0.5 mg/L), and VB(1 mg/L) and GA(1 mg/L) has notable effect on breeding healthy seedling, and AC (1.5%) can anti-brown. Therefore, the optimal medium is White+ BA(1.5 mg/L)+ IBA(0.5 mg/L)+ VB(1 mg/L)+ GA(1 mg/L)+ AC (1.5%).

Introduction: One Is the Lonelist Number The Civic Catechism Agoraphobia The Rite Stuff The Bawdy Politic Selected Bibliography Index


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Question: Reasearch on Antenna Tracking Method Based on Larger GEO-satellite Orbit Inclination Angle

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In an application system of GEO-satellite networking,orbit control can not be realized due to lacking of fuel in the last phase of satellite's life,so the orbit inclination angle become larger and the ground antenna with stepping pattern has much difficulty in tracking the satellite.This paper proposes a new tracking pattern of antenna,which is called the Program Tracking Pattern,and gives a policy with threshold and frequency combined to control the antenna's tracking of satellite.Then the best values of threshold and frequency are determined through test,and the validity and advantage of this method are proven in practical application.This method solves the difficult problem of tracking GEO-satellite in the last phase of satellite's life.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Dipole Basic Characteristics Partial Sleeve, PIFA, and Patch Loops Dielectric Resonator Antennas References


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Question: The Visual Inspection of Key Pad Parts Using a Fuzzy Binarization Algorithm

The detection of defective parts in a factory is usually performed by the human eye. Therefore, heavy manpower is in demand for minor enterprises. An image processing system is desired to solve this drawback. However, due to the variety of the products characteristics, an general algorithm is needed that can adapt to these characteristics. Therefore, in this paper, the key pad parts’ characteristics which need to be dealt with are analyzed in order to embody the image processing algorithm that is suggested. The experimental results show the probability of detecting a defective part is 95% with a detection time of 0.203 seconds, on the average.

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Debugging Of Large-scaled Data Processing Systems Like Supercomputers Is Becoming More Difficult. One Of The Causes Of The Trouble Is A Long Time For Reproducing VlSI's To Change Logic Design. An Automated On-chip Direct Wiring Modification System, Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) And Laser CVD, Was Developed. It Reduced The Logic Change Period To One Day. The Debugging Time Of The Newest Mainframe Computer M880 Was Shortened By A Few Months.


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Question: Study on hydroaromatization of full-range FCC gasoline

MoP-supported HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts were prepared by impregnation and temperature- programmed reduction (TPR) and characterized by XRD.The effects of reaction temperature,pressure, hydrogen/oil volumetric ratio on the aromatization and olefins-reducing results were investigated on a small fixed-bed reactor.The results showed that MoP/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity and stability under the following optimum reaction condition:reaction temperature 380 ℃,pressure 2.0 MPa, space velocity 1.0 h~(-1),and hydrogen/oil volumetric ratio 400:1.Aromatics content of 36.90%,olefins content of 26.16% and liqulid yield of 66.70% were obtained over the MoP/HZSM-5 catalyst.

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Use of a laboratory fixed-bed microreactor has produced product yields for a range of commercial petroleum cracking catalysts with an Australian crude mix. Yields are determined as a function of conversion, degree of metal contamination, and catalyst activity. Based on gasoline selectivity the results indicate a catalyst with improved yield profile and with the ability to convert metal-containing fuel oil fractions into transport fuels.


Question: Single Photodiode, Single Wavelength, and Single Polarization 65 Gb/s 16-QAM and QPSK Coherent Transmission

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This paper presents an investigation of an optical transmission scheme using a single photodetector (PD) which, as in conventional coherent detection systems, allows the linear transfer of the amplitude and phase information of the optical field into the electrical domain. This is possible by means of optical heterodyne detection and the adjustment of the carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR), thus the undesired signal-to-signal beating products (SSBP) due to the PD square-law, can be considered negligible. Through simulation, the CSPR impact on this scheme is determined. Then, its experimental validation is done for a single wavelength and single polarization transmission with a total bitrate of 65 Gb/s over 10 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF).

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Designing a C/M Scheme: The Gaussian Channel Perspective Wireless Channel: A New Perspective Flat Independent Fading Channel Block-Fading Channel Interference-Limited Channel Conclusions This chapter contains sections titled: References


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Question: Farmers’Sense of Political Efficacy and their Political Participation

Based on questionnaires,statistical analysis of survey results,and relevant theories of political efficacy and political participation,this paper treats farmers as subjects and reveals that their sense of political efficacy impacts their political participation.It further finds that internal sense of political efficacy has a more pronounced effect on farmer’s political behavior than their external sense of political efficacy.Moreover,compared to I-want-to-make-a-difference type of internal sense of political efficacy,the I-know-about-it type of internal sense of political efficacy has a more significant impact on "maintenance" as well as on "transformational" political participation,possessing a permeating quality.On the other hand,take-it-seriously type of sense of external political efficacy also affects farmers’ political participation at both the high and low levels,but its impact is felt in different directions.

Introduction Part I: Causes of Interest Group Competition1. Competition and Interest Group Politics2. The Competitive Model3. Studying Contentious Policies4. An Empirical Analysis of Group Competition Part II: Consequences of Interest Group Competition5. Competition in Coalition Politics6. Institutional Constraints on Lobbyist Conflict7. Competition and Gridlock8. Competitive Interest Groups and Deliberative Democracy Appendix 1 Appendix to Chapter 3Appendix 2 Appendix to Chapter 4 ReferencesIndex


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Question: Hazardous Building Materials: A Guide to the Selection of Environmentally Responsible Alternatives

Introduction 1. Health Issues from Materials used in Residential Buildings 2. Hazards to the General Environment from the Manufacture, Use and Disposal of Buildings, Building Materials and Components 3. Whole Building Performance Issues - Design, Construction, Use and Disassembly 4. How to Use the Application Sheets 5. Application Sheets 6. Hazardous Materials in Existing Buildings. Appendix. Useful Addresses. Index

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For instance, <<['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'For the estimation of constants in the standard restricted isometry condition for a complex-valued tight frame, a generalization of techniques related to Sparse Principal Component Analysis is developed and applied. We consider certain optimization reformulations of the problem and iterative algorithms for approximating sparse solutions. The eciency of methods is veried by numerical results obtained for several important test examples of tight frames.']>>  to <<['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', 'Using Sparse Principal Component Methods for Approximating Restricted Isometry Constants of Complex-Valued Tight Frames']>>

Mining Non-ferrous Metals The Environmental Impact of Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon Revegetation of Metalliferous Wastes and Land After Metal Mining Vegetative Remediation at Superfund Sites Green Coal Mining Methane Emissions from Coal Mining Constructing Ecosystems and Detecting their Connectivity to the Larger Ecological Landscape The Discharge of Waters from Active and Abandoned Mines Environmental Best-practice in Metals Production. Subject Index.


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Question: The self-dual classical double copy, and the Eguchi-Hanson instanton

The double copy is a map from non-abelian gauge theories to gravity, that has been demonstrated both for scattering amplitudes and exact classical solutions. In this study, we reconsider the double copy for exact solutions that are self-dual in either the gauge or gravity theory. In this case, one may formulate a general double copy in terms of a certain differential operator, which generates the gauge and gravity solutions from a harmonic function residing in a biadjoint scalar theory. As an illustration, we examine the single copy of the well-known Eguchi-Hanson instanton in gravity. The gauge field thus obtained represents an abelian-like object whose field is dipole-like at large distances, and which has no magnetic or electric charge.

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This is a short review of the papers arXiv:1109.2904 and arXiv:1110.4639. After a reminder about local and global gravitational anomalies, we sketch the derivation of the global gravitational anomaly of the self-dual field theory (also known as chiral p-form). We then show that"cohomological"type IIB supergravity is free of global gravitational anomalies on all ten-dimensional spin manifolds


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Question: Effects of brine concentration and temperature on color of vacuum pulse osmotically dehydrated sardine sheets

Abstract The effects of brine concentration (0.15–0.27 g NaCl/g) and temperature (30–38 °C) on the color parameters ( L , a , b , Δ E ) of vacuum pulse osmotically dehydrated sardine sheets were investigated. The results showed that osmotic dehydration has a significant effect on color of sardine sheets. Redness ( a -value) and yellowness ( b -value) decreased through dehydration time while lightness ( L -value) and total color difference ( Δ E ) increased. The decreases in redness and yellowness were lesser with increasing temperature and brine concentration while increases in lightness and Δ E were higher. These changes would be predicted by simple models as a function of the temperature, brine concentration, and dehydration time.

Abstract Excessive or prolonged exposure to heat during manufacture of dehydrated products from cheese whey and cheese whey protein concentrates is chiefly responsible for decreasing the lysine content of these products. With ion exchange chromatography of acid hydrolysates to determine total lysine, and 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid reagent to determine available lysine with its epsilon amino group free for chemical reaction, both total and available lysine were higher in spray-dried whey powders than in roller-dried whey powders. Of the lysine originally available in the protein of cottage cheese whey, 88% remained available in an experimental dehydrated high-protein isolate prepared by ultrafiltration, followed by gel permeation followed by pasteurization, vacuum evaporation, and shelf drying of the protein concentrate. Unfractionated foam spray-dried cottage cheese whey powder retained 96% of the original available lysine.


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Question: Dynamic characterization of progressively damaged segmental masonry arches with one settled support: experimental and numerical analyses

This paper aims to explore the dynamic behavior of a segmental masonry arch subjected to increasing horizontal displacements of one support. To this end, output-only dynamic identification techniques are first used to track the evolution of the dynamic features of the system under progressive damage scenarios and evaluate their sensitivity to settlement-induced cracks. Considerations on the structural response of the segmental arch up to failure are also included. Then, a numerical procedure coupling linear perturbation and modal analysis is applied to simulate the dynamic behavior of the arch over consecutive scenarios, taking into account the influence of the damage on the structure’s dynamic properties in an automatic way. The combination of experimental and numerical analyses allows to fully investigate the dynamics of the cracked masonry arch and to shed light on relevant aspects about the effects of settlement-induced cracks on the modal blueprints of masonry arches.

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In recent years, there has been an immense amount of interest in utilizing the rubber bearing system as a practical approach to seismic-resistant design. The stirrup rubber bearing is confined and bonded by stirrup equipments so as to restrict the lateral expansion of the rubbers due to axial load and increase the compression stiffness. Based on two kinematics assumptions that the horizontal plane parallel to the stirrup equipments or rigid bounding steel plates remains plane and the vertical lines become parabolic after loading, the pressure function and compression stiffness for the stirrup rubber bearing are derived. A good agreement between experimental results by the component tests and computational results by the proposed formulae has been obtained.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


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Question: A method of tuning a broadcast receiver using the RDS information

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To tune a radio receiver to a transmitter with a certain type of programme using RDS data, first of all the radio receiver is set to any transmitter transmitting a programme which meets the user's wishes. The PTY information of this transmitter obtained from the RDS data is stored by operating the appropriate control (20) to set a filter, the filter condition of which corresponds to this PTY information. When the radio receiver is subsequently set to another transmitter, for example by means of transmitter finding, the latter is regarded as receivable only if it meets the filter condition.

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The present invention relates to a portable terminal for a signal received by the diversity characteristics in a wireless network, a mobile communication and a mobile communication radio signal receiver which receives a radio signal, performing the other portable terminal and a preset scheme of the short-distance communication in a short distance local communication section and, as a wireless signal receiver and a signal processing unit for processing the received signal using a signal received through the local communication section, a local area to form the other portable terminal and the local area network using the communication section, and his mobile to another mobile terminal receiving a radio signal and ever transmitted through this local area network, and a control unit for controlling the short-range communication unit to receive this service in the signal processing. Diversity, ad-hoc, MIMO, Bluetooth antenna


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Question: 4. Limits of Parallel Flow Analysis

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Automatic analysis of parallel programs is known as a notoriously hard problem. A well-known obstacle is the so-called state-explosion problem: the number of (control) states of a parallel program grows exponentially with the number of parallel components. Therefore, most practical flow analysis algorithms of concurrent programs conservatively approximate the effects arising from interference of different threads in order to achieve efficiency.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Provided: ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', 'Microscopic picture of the vesicular glands in young boars with respect to feeding level.'] Match: ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "On 27 German Landrace boars studies were conducted to describe the effect of feeding level during the growth period on the microscopic picture of vesicular glands in boars at 5, 6 and 7 months of age. Investigations have shown that differentiation of feeding level during the growth period affected the development of internal structures of the parenchyma in the boars' vesicular glands. The size of the tubules, their number within the field of vision and height of glandular epithelium lining the tubules were the highest in the group of animals fed at increased level."] Hard Negative: ['', '1) Application of ellipsis with equal probability for selection of genetically superior individuals for root weight and sucrose was studied simultaneously under wide and normal spacing.']

Question: Gravitational lens effects on the redshift-volume measurement of the density parameter

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General formulations are presented for the effects of statistical gravitational amplification effects on the cosmological redshift-volume test. The formulations are used to analyze the data of Loh and Spillar (1986), who measured the number of galaxies with fluxes larger than some threshold flux and the total flux of these galaxies and obtained a value of Omega(0) roughly one. How deeply the amplification affects the resulting values of the cosmological parameters is studied. It is found that the gravitational lens effects on observational cosmology cannot be negligible. 24 refs.

In the standard model of cosmology, the Universe is static in comoving coordinates; expansion occurs homogeneously and is represented by a global scale factor. The baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak location is a statistical tracer that represents, in the standard model, a fixed comoving-length standard ruler. Recent gravitational collapse should modify the metric, rendering the effective scale factor, and thus the BAO standard ruler, spatially inhomogeneous. Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we show to high significance (P<0.001) that the spatial compression of the BAO peak location increases as the spatial paths' overlap with superclusters increases. Detailed observational and theoretical calibration of this BAO peak location environment dependence will be needed when interpreting the next decade's cosmological surveys.


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Question: Electrodeposition and properties of Ni–B/SiC nanocomposite coatings

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For instance, <<['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'This paper introduces the application of rotary boring machine and bi-polymer slurry, and presents some problems in construction and methods to deal with the problems.\ue004']>>  to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'APPLICATION OF ROTARY BORING MACHINE AND BI-POL YMER SLURRY IN THE CONSTRUCTION']"

ABSTRACTNi–B/SiC composite coatings were electrodeposited using trimethylamine borane as a boron source. The effects of bath composition and operating parameters on the microstructure and properties of the composite coatings were investigated. The results show that Ni–B/SiC composite coating exhibits uniform structure with a desirable interface. Incorporation of SiC particles led to a signiﬁcant increase in hardness. Both boron and SiC content in the coating increases initially and then decreases as the current density increased. Incorporation of inert SiC particles also enhanced their corrosion resistance, which attributed to the dense structure, barrier effect and the reduction in the active surface area of Ni–B matrix. XPS analysis indicated that the as-deposited coating contains metallic nickel, oxide or hydroxide nickel, and the SiC particles. Owing to dispersion hardening of the added SiC particles and the reduction in the active surface area of Ni–B matrix, Ni–B/SiC composite coating shows superior...

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The dry sliding wear behaviour of the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb alloy and the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb–xSiCnp nanocomposites have been investigated. The wear rate is lower for all the nanocomposites compared to the...


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Question: Curvature-induced polarization of bilayer lipid membranes

Abstract The flexoelectric coefficient of a spherically deformed bilayer lipid membrane is considered as the ratio between the deformation-induced transmembrane potential and the curvature. The calculations are carried out on the basis of general electrodynamic considerations without using the analogy with thermotropic liquid crystals.

Reversible magneto-switchable quantum charging of a Au nanoparticle array associated with a Au electrode is observed in the presence of hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles attracted to the functionalized electrode surface.


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Question: [The effect of bicuculline on behavior and on the neuronal activity of the caudate nucleus and of the thalamic VA-VL nuclei in the cat brain].

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In chronic cat experiments, bicucullin-induced GABA receptor blockade in the dorsal and ventral parts of the rostral caudate nucleus resulted in complicated changes in spontaneous activity of 19 of 55 neurons, primarily in the cells with low spike frequency. Changes were observed also in 8 to 31 neurons of VA-VL nuclei of the thalamus. The blockade of striatal GABA receptors was accompanied by changes in motor behavior and emotional motivational state of the animals. The character and latency of unit activity rearrangements in the caudate nucleus and modifications of cat's behavior depended on the localization of bicucullin injection point within different parts of the caudate nucleus.

Autoradiographic studies with 3H aldosterone demonstrate nuclear concentration of hormone in neurons of the hippocampus, septum, allocortical regions and brain stem reticular formation and motor nuclei of cranial nerves and in the meninges. The results suggest that mineralocorticoids have wide ranging effects on different parts of the central nervous system.


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Question: Comba: customizing hardware as an approach towards universal design

Digital products, especially mobile phones, often do not adapt to their operators and thus make their use a burden rather than a pleasure. In this paper I will present Comba, a tangible digital device that allows easy customization and therefore adapts to different user needs. Its functionality refers to a construction kit. The single elements are inspired by a honeycomb. So far, Comba is a design prototype.

What are next generation datacenter and high performance computing requirements, how does TE Connectivity transfer these requirements into a next generation connectivity platform. The Coolbit platform answers this and the most recent results will be discussed.


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Question: Residual stress analysis in the film/substrate system with the effect of creep deformation

The physical phenomenon of residual stress relaxation and redistribution in the film/substrate systems due to creep deformation is focused in this work. A new analysis model to elucidate either the film or the substrate subjected to creeping deformation is developed. Specific analyses are made on the NiCrAlY coating-based system and silicon-epoxy bilayer structure. Results reveal that the proposed model can lead to an excellent agreement with the simulated results of finite element method. Furthermore, comparisons among FE results, the present model, and Zhang’s creep solution [J. Appl. Phys. 101, 083530 (2007)] have been carried out. Meanwhile, comparisons between Hsueh’s viscoelastic solution [J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2760 (2002)] and our current model in the case of creep exponent n=1 have also been conducted. Effects of thickness ratio of the film to the substrate on the stress distribution and the evolution of the accumulated creep strain have also been discussed in this paper.

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Thin metal films on polymeric materials have been widely used in electronic devices. Their total mechanical performance is determined by the mechanical property of each material, the thickness and size of film and substrate, their interface properties in addition to the temperature change during production and use. In this paper, stress and strain distribution of gold thin film on polycarbonate substrate subjected to tension and cooling was analyzed using the finite element method. The effect of cracking in thin film on the stress and strain distribution was also discussed.


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Question: Theoretical Model to Determine Effect of Ingress on Turbine Disks

Sealing air is used in gas turbines to reduce the amount of hot gas that is ingested through the rim seals into the wheel-space between the turbine disk and its adjacent stationary casing. The sealing air attaches itself to the rotor, creating a buffering effect that reduces the amount of ingested fluid that can reach the surface of the rotor. In this paper, a theoretical model is developed, and this shows that the maximum buffering effect occurs at a critical flow rate of sealing air, the value of which depends on the seal geometry. The model, which requires two empirical constants, is validated using experimental data, obtained from infrared (IR) temperature measurements, which are presented in a separate paper. There is good agreement between the adiabatic effectiveness of the rotor estimated from the model and that obtained from the IR measurements. Of particular interest to designers is that significant ingress can enter the wheel-space before its effect is sensed by the rotor.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Study on Establishing Emergency Mechanism for Handling Major Sudden Accidents of Water Contamination

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Aimed at the present situation of handling sudden accidents of water contamination in China,the authors analizes briefly the damage caused by sudden accidents of waster contamination and its controllability and puts forward related problems which need to handle urgently.The authors conclude that the most effective way is to establish as fast as possible and improve the emergency mechanism for handling sudden acci- dents of water contamination in major river basins.The authors also probe into the buiding of the mechanism.

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Outlook of Agricultural Development to 2050 and the Demand for Science and Technology.- Roadmap and Goals of Agricultural Science and Technology in China.- Roadmap of Plant Germplasm Resources and Modern Plant Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Animal Germplasm Resources and Modern Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Resource Saving Agricultural Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Production and Food Safety Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Modernization and Intelligentization Science and Technology Development.- The Institutions and Policy Support for Agricultural Science and Technology Development in the Future.


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Question: Coal and gas outburst risk assessment based on fuzzy K-means clustering method

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In view of the threat of coal and gas outburst in coal mine production safety and the complexity of the influencing factors, this paper collects the relevant data of outburst, analyzes and rationally selects the main indicators of the mine coal and gas outburst. It also clusters the coal and gas outburst based on the fuzzy mathematics K-means clustering method, and obtains a reasonable classification and clustering center matrix by using the least squares method for the technical staff’s reference to predict whether there will be the coal and gas outburst and make preparations for the sudden accident. It shows that the results of this model evaluation agree with the actual situation, and provides a scientific theory and method for the outburst risk assessment of coal and gas of hi-gas coal mines.

Knowledge discovery methods used to find relationships among software engineering data and the extraction of rules have gained increasing importance in recent years. These methods have become necessary for improvements in the quality of the software product and the process. The focus of this paper is a first attempt towards combining strengths of rough set theory and neuro-fuzzy decision trees in classifying software defect data. We compare classification results for four methods: rough sets, neuro-fuzzy decision trees, partial decision trees, rough-neuro-fuzzy decision trees. The analysis of the results include a family-wise 10 fold paired t-test for accuracy and number of rules. The contribution of this paper is the application of a hybrid rough-neuro-fuzzy decision tree method in classifying software defect data.


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Question: Dynamic User Credential Management in Grid Environment

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In grid computing, heterogeneous computing stations spread out in the world can connect to the grid and offer services or request services in a loosely coupled environment with services-on-demand style. Public key infrastructure (PKI) is the most widely adopted security infrastructure used in grid environments. We have developed a scheme for dynamic token generation in a grid environment ensuring more security and less hack proneness because of the dynamic changing of the token which is used in all transactions. The dynamic token thus generated forms part of the private key and the user id of the client provides the public key in terms of PKI. The dynamic token helps in establishing proof of origin to the receiver and also mutual trust (client verifies the identity of the server and server verifies identity of the client).


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Question: The Removal of Cyanobacterial Hepatotoxin [Dha7] Microcystin-LR via Bioaccumulation in Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.)

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The removal of [Dha(7)] microcystin-LR through bioaccumulation in six aquatic plants was investigated. The aquatic plant water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) exhibited the highest removal, with 13 % of the toxin remaining after a 7-day exposure period. Removal by P. stratiotes (with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L of the toxin) was faster and greater in static systems than in continuous flow systems. In the static experiment, P. stratiotes roots accumulated [Dha(7)] microcystin-LR up to a concentration of 0.0088 ng/mg wet wt. plant material, whereas in the continuous flow system, the plant root tissue accumulated the toxin up to a concentration of 0.0041 ng/mg wet wt. plant material. Exposure to the toxin at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L induced changes in the development of P. stratiotes, including short, thin and rotted roots with decreased leaf counts after 3 days of exposure.

Nutritional Ecology of Forb Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Insect Folivores of Woody Plants: Nitrogen, Water, Fiber and Mineral Considerations Nutritional Ecology of Grass Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Phytophagous Mites Nutritional Ecology of Lichen/Moss Arthropods Nutritional Ecology of Arthropod Gall-Makers Nutritional Ecology of Bruchid Beetles Nutritional Ecology of Seed-Sucking Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product and House Dust Mites Ecology of Nectar and Pollen Feeding in Lepidoptera.


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Question: QCD Tests at the NA48/2 experiment at CERN

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Abstract Very large statistics of charged kaon decays have been accumulated in 2003-2004 by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN SPS. The analyses of K ± → π 0 π 0 π ± ( K 3 π ) and K ± → π + π − e ± ν ( K e 4 ) decays give complementary approaches to the study of low energy ππ scattering. From data samples of ∼60 millions K 3 π and ∼1 million K e 4 decays, precise values of a 0 and a 2 , the isospin 0 and 2 S-wave ππ scattering lengths, can be extracted with an unprecedented experimental precision of few percents, allowing accurate tests of Chiral Perturbation Theory predictions.

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In this talk, charmed mesons D0, D+ and F+ produced in e+e- annihilation are discussed. The emphasis is on the most recent results. In particular preliminary performance characteristics and results from the new SLAC-LBL Mark II detector at SPEAR are presented.


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Question: Keeping to the same old pathways. Seven years after coming up with radical proposals to demolish professional boundaries the government has retired defeated.

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The Department of Health (DH) once had lofty aspirations for reform of the healthcare workforce. Its document A Health Service of All The Talents (HSAT) advocated patient-led planning with a workforce of 'teams... rather than different professional tribes' (DH 2000) (see box page 63 ).

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Our regular contributor dissects three books and two major reports dealing with the subject of management.


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Question: Nonlinear characterization of GeS2–Sb2S3–CsI glass system

We present the results of Z-scan measurements (1064 nm, 17 ps) of nonlinear refractive indices and nonlinear absorption coefficients for different compositions of chalcogenide glasses in GeS2–Sb2S3–CsI system. We show that the simple well known Boling, Glass, and Owyoung model based on the theory of the semiclassical harmonic oscillator can be a useful tool for theoretical predictions of the nonlinear refractive index in these infrared glasses. A quasi-linear behavior is observed relating the nonlinear index and the linear one. Some of the compositions reveal properties potentially useful for all optical switching applications.

The present study reports the thermal conductivity and electrical transport properties of Mo2Ga2C, which is the first member of double-A-layer MAX phases. Dense bulk samples of Mo2Ga2C were prepare...


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Question: An LP-based metaheuristic procedure for the k-sequential generalized assignment problem

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The k-sequential generalized assignment problem (GAPkSeq) is a problem of allocating tasks to time periods, where each of n tasks must be assigned to k sequential time periods out of a total of m. Using standard mathematical programming software, GAPkSeq becomes intractable for relatively small values of k, m and n; hence there is a need for heuristic algorithms to solve such problems. It is shown how a heuristic combining both divide-and-conquer and a linear programming-based heuristic developed previously for the generalized assignment problem with special ordered sets can be modified and extended to solve GAPkSeq. Encouraging results in terms of speed and accuracy are described.

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Two of the most challenging problems in network design are the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) and the Steiner network problem. One of the key objectives of this paper is to show the strong link between these two network design problems. Dynamic flows in QAPs are modelled as stochastic processes. The underlying flow topology is represented as a Steiner tree queueing network topology. Customers and goods flow over tandem links of the Steiner network. A heuristic for the Stochastic Quadratic Assignment Problem SQAP is developed for solving this flow network topology problem and computational experience is presented.


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Question: The magnitude of the stereodirecting effect of an allylic alkoxy-substituent in an amidomercuration cyclization

A surprisingly large stereodirecting effect for the allylic alkoxy-substituent (> 4 kcal/mol) is revealed in the amidomercuration cyclization of an unsaturated amidal in which the stereodirecting effect of the allylic alkoxy-substituent competes against the stcreodirecting effect of a stereogenic amidal center.

Thermolyses of β-aminoacetylenes with a terminal acetylenic bond and of β-amino-olefins afford retro-ene reactions in which nitrogen acts as the hydrogen donor, whereas alkyl subsitution on the terminus of the acetylenic bond leads to a novel, facile cyclization to a 2-alkylidenepyrrolidine.


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Question: Summary of Worldwide Captopril Experience in Patients with Severe Treatment-Resistant Hypertension

This chapter reports on the results of a multicenter trial with captopril in 141 patients selected from among large hypertensive populations in university hospital centers who had not responded to other therapy [supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) ≥100 mmHg]. Only patients with a history of a SDBP > 120 mmHg were eligible for enrollment in the study. WHO classification was Class III for 54.3% of the patients; 89% were taking three or more antihypertensive drugs and 42% had a serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg%. The diagnosis was essential hypertension for 67% of the patients, malignant/accelerated for 19%, and renovascular for 10%. Plasma-renin activity (PRA), which was classified by the investigators as low, normal, or high according to the procedure of Laragh (1), was reported for 60 patients; 27.% of the patients had low values, 40.5% had normal values, and 32.0% had high values.

1. Cardiovascular Status 2. Cardiovascular Syndromes 3. Specific Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Heart Disease, Valvular Heart Disease, Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 4. Delivery of Cardiac Care


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Question: Parking as a loss leader at shopping malls

This paper investigates the pricing of malls in an environment where shoppers choose between a car and public transportation in getting to a suburban mall. The mall implicitly engages in mixed bundling; it sells goods bundled with parking to shoppers who come by car, and only goods to shoppers who come by public transportation. There are external costs of discomfort in public transportation due to crowdedness. Thus, shoppers using public transportation deter each other. The mall internalizes these external costs, much like a policy maker. To do so, it raises the sales price of the good and sets a parking fee less than parking’s marginal cost. Hence, parking is always a loss leader. Surprisingly, this pricing scheme is not necessarily distortionary.

Subtitle: It is not just in the private transport or corporate spheres where this new breed of aircraft will excel.


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Question: Photoionization parameters of photoelectrons created by VUV irradiation of 2-2-4 TMP and cyclohexane at different photon energies

Abstract Curves giving the photocurrent - created by VUV irradiations of 2-2-4 trimethylpentane and of cyclohexane - as a function of the applied field are fitted using a three-parameter method. The method gives a good estimation of the photoionization parameters (the ionization quantun yield and the thermalization distance of photoelectrons) and their evolution as a function of the incident photon energy.

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Lasing properties and photostability of 4,4'-CO2C4H9-bis-substituted para-terphenyl and azacoumarin (AC1F), emitting under excimer XeCl laser pumping in the blue-green spectral region, and of pyrromethene 580 and phenalemine 512, emitting under Cu laser pumping in the red spectral region, were studied in the PMMA matrix and ethanol solutions.


Question:
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'['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract:', 'GaN-Based HEMTs on Large Diameter Si Substrate for Next Generation of High Power/High Temperature Devices']' == '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title!', 'Increasing demand for high power amplifiers in wireless communication systems and radars has stimulated new developments in solid state device structures. One emerging area had been gallium nitride (GaN)-based FETs. Its large bandgap, high breakdown field, high electron mobility, and ability to form heterojunctions in the (In, Al, Ga)N material matrix make this material attractive in comparison to conventional gallium arsenide pseudomorphic-HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors). In the past decade, outstanding performance has been demonstrated with AlGaN/ contents']' != '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.\n\n------\n\nExample:\nProvided: "In this paper we discuss some properties of Vallee-Poussin operators,the main results are that Vallee-Poussin operators can preserve the properties of convex,monotony and Lipschitz conditions of f(x)∈C2π." Match: "Some properties of Vallee-Poussin operators in C_(2π)space"', 'Preface.Acknowledgements.Glossary of Abbreviations.Glossary of Symbols.1. An Introduction to Optical Communication Systems.2. Principles of Distributed Feedback Semiconductor Laser Diodes: Coupled Wave Theory.3. Structural Impacts on the Solutions of Coupled Wave Equations: An Overview.4. Transfer Matrix Modelling in DFB Semiconductor Lasers.5. Threshold Analysis and Optimization of Various DFB LDs Using the Transfer Matrix Method.6. Above-Threshold Characteristics of DFB Laser Diodes: A TMM Approach.7. Above-Threshold Analysis of Various DFB Lase r Structures Using the TMM.8. Circuit and Transmission-Line Laser Modelling (TLLM) Techniques.9. Analysis of DFB Laser Diode Characteristics Based on the Transmission-Line Modelling (TLLM).10. Wavelength Tunable Optical Filters Based on DFB Laser Structures.11. Other Wavelenght Tunable Optical Filters Based on the DFB Laser Structure.12. Conclusion, Summary and Suggestions.Index.']'

Question: Seroprevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in shelter cats on the island of Newfoundland, Canada.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are retroviruses found within domestic and wild cat populations. These viruses cause severe illnesses that eventually lead to death. Housing cats communally for long periods of time makes shelters at high risk for virus transmission among cats. We tested 548 cats from 5 different sites across the island of Newfoundland for FIV and FeLV. The overall seroprevalence was 2.2% and 6.2% for FIV and FeLV, respectively. Two sites had significantly higher seroprevalence of FeLV infection than the other 3 sites. Analysis of sequences from the FeLV env gene (envelope gene) from 6 positive cats showed that 4 fell within the FeLV subtype-A, while 2 sequences were most closely related to FeLV subtype-B and endogenous feline leukemia virus (en FeLV). Varying seroprevalence and the variation in sequences at different sites demonstrate that some shelters are at greater risk of FeLV infections and recombination can occur at sites of high seroprevalence.

Abstract Jafari, S., Gaur S.N.S. and Khaksar, Z. 1996. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs of Fars province of Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 9: 27–31. The study was carried out for one year to observe the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs of Fars province of Iran. Out of a total of 114 dogs examined, 11(9.65%) were found positive for this infection. The native Iranian dogs showed highest (18.5%) infection. There was no difference in the susceptibility to this infection, in long and short-haired animals.


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Question: Immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis.

The indirect fluorescent antibody test, the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and the indirect haemagglutination test were evaluated in immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis using W. bancrofti microfilarial antigens. The tests gave a higher positive reactions with microfilaraemic, clinical filarial and endemic normal sera respectively. Non-specific cross-reactions were common in the three tests, so immunodiagnosis should be preceded by stool examination. IFAT gave the highest sensitivity and specificity, while IHAT was the least one. ELISA is simple, sensitive and can be used in seroepidemiological studies.

Abstract 1. 1. It is concluded that Physopsis nasuta is an intermediate host of S. bovis in Central Kavirondo. 2. 2. The intermediate host of S. haematobium is probably P. nasuta or B. forskalii or possibly both. 3. 3. It is fallacious to assume that the presence of furcocercariae of the “ S. haematobium type” in snails proves that snail to be a vector of human schistosomiasis. 4. 4. Further work is needed for the identification of the molluscan host in Kenya; a snail survey and an investigation of animal schistosomiasis would be of greater interest. 5. 5. Certain prophylactic measures might be instituted.


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Question: data processing system has a control memory addresses matching device

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESSING SYSTEM DATA DEVICE MATCHING ADDRESS CONTROL MEMORY. DEVICE INCLUDES MATCHING MEANS TO SEND A PART OF 81 mEMORY CONTROL WITH A PORTION OF THE CONTENTS OF A WORD ADDRESS LOCATION IN THE mEMORY, MULTIPLEXERS 256 TO SEND A PART 80 OF mEMORY IN REPLY TO A SUB-PORTION OF THAT WORD OF PORTION AND TYPE OF INFORMATION OPERATIONS PERFORMED IN THE SYSTEM, AND MEANS 261, 262, 257, 258, 259, 82, 302, 304, INCLUDING mULTIPLEXERS 302, 304 TO CONFIRM LOCATION OF THE FIRST PART OR LOCATION OF PART TO vALIDATE THE MATCHING PAIR LOCATION ADDRESS OR ODD IN PART WITH 81 LOCATION ADDRESS OR ODD EVEN IN PART 80 ACCORDING TO INFORMATION RECEIVED TYPE OF OPERATION. PROM RAPID APPLICATION TO CONTROL MEMORY.

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(57) Abstract: MMCC17 various interactions between containing customer and business parties communicating party via the facilitates for monitoring, programmable in a multimedia call center (MMCC) 17 that is enterprise host varied dialogue code module (DIM) 301 includes a database interface for access to the MMCC data repository, the associated functions for associating a party involved in the transaction to the agent 31, 33, 35, and 37 and project. Related functions, depending on the problems and defined project, assigned an identifier to the party, a database interface, stores the transaction in a data repository. Database interface, stores the transactions between parties on the thread with a string, the string of the project, matters, and associated with one or more of the chronological and DIM301 is applied to a single corporate project It can be programmed to.


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Question: Observation and negotiation at the cultural shoreline Vietnam, rasquachismo and an architectural practice

This research results from my practices of photography and architecture in the rapidly changing cultural environment of Vietnam, a place where a local culture of localised systems of individual enterprise is being quickly displaced by a system of large mu

After Western hegemony in Social Sciences we are living in a global change. From the Chinese experience in sociology the author is opening a transnational space to produce a Post-Western Sociology. This is a scientific revolution in the social sciences.


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Question: Innovation of rural financial service system in new countryside construction.

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The paper analyzes the causes of existing problems in rural financial service system,proposes the countermeasures to speed up relative laws formulation,culture good policy environment,enhance the basic function of rural financial service,culture the competition mechanism by building rural financial system with a multi-levels,establish and perfect the diversifying risks and compensation mechanism for innovation of rural financial service system,and puts forward that the multi-rural financial service system based on cooperative finance is the effective measure to solve the supply insufficient problem in rural finance.

The "125" plan for development of urban and rural areas as a whole made specific instructions:"urban and rural development planning,promote the urban and rural infrastructure,public service and social management integration".This paper analyzes the chengdu urban and rural reform experience as one of the rural property right exchange of chengdu operation mechanism,the hope can of urban and rural development in various reform at present.


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Question: Method and formatting facility day of a computer software installed in a motor vehicle

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A method for updating software of at least one computer (ECU1 - ECU4) onboard a motor vehicle dedicated to the management of a part or function of the vehicle and equipped with a memory such as so that operating software stored in this memory can be changed, the vehicle further comprising a computer (C1) and at least one radio wave receiving (R1-R5). The software update is transmitted by radio waves on a frequency picked up by a receiver (R5, R1) of the vehicle, and the computer (C1) of the vehicle is programmed to verify the integrity of the received software update and to ensure, when the vehicle is stationary, the replacement of the old software with the new version and verifying the proper operation, the old version is reinstalled if operation with the new version does not appear satisfactory.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.
For example, ['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'This article focuses on spatial and temporal distribution and statistic method of crime point pattern. It based on the data from one city of Jiangsu province, China, during Nov, 2009 to Aug, 2010 and realized with several steps. First, using spatial description method to evaluate central tendencies, degrees of dispersion and orientations of crime dataset; the aims of the second step were to explore the Nearest Neighbor Analysis and Ripley\'s "K" Statistic, and to compare the differences of the methods and to detemine whether any significant clusters exist; and then the hierarchical spatial cluster tools and space-time analysis were applied to represent and visualize the clusters of crime. The clusters can be discribed by hierarchical spatial cluster in different levels for specific requirement. There were many clusters distributed in the study area and needed to be payed attention to.'] should be similar to ['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about:', 'Spatial and temporal distribution and statistic method applied in crime events analysis']

in the paper the several methods that audio play is introduced, characteristic and realization of function API in designing audio playing are shown.


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Question: Sequential extraction for heavy metal distribution of bottom ash from fluidized bed co-combusted phosphorus-rich sludge under the agglomeration/defluidization process

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Agglomeration that occurs during municipal sewage sludge (MSS) fluidized bed co-combustion might affect heavy metal distribution and the transformation of bottom ash. A study on the mobility and sp...

An alternative technology has been proposed for the dechlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) wastes by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) with lignin. The organic chloride in PVC can be converted to inorganic chloride through hydrolysis, defunctionalization, recondensation, and aromatization in the HTC process. Combined with downstream washing processes by recycling the condensed water, the inorganic chloride with high water solubility is removed from the solid products (i.e., hydrochar). The presence of lignin could significantly improve the dechlorination efficiency of PVC in the HTC process. The dechlorination performance of lignocellulosic components is given as follows: lignin > cellulose > hemicellulose. In addition, lignin can adjust the particle sizes of hydrochars by inhibiting agglomeration in the order of lignin > hemicellulose > cellulose. The hydrochar particles with a low chlorine content and a high heating value could be used as a clean coal-alternative fuel.


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Question: The 63,65Cu(e, p0) reactions in the giant resonance region

Abstract Angular distributions of the 63,65 Cu(e, p 0 ) reactions have been measured in the giant resonance energy region. The resulting differential cross sections have been decomposed into E1 and E2 components by a resonance model. The excitation functions for the two isotopes are significantly different, clearly reflecting threshold effects. The transition strengths of the low- and high-energy parts of the cross sections are reproduced by the statistical model and the direct-semidirect model, respectively, and the overall fit to the data is obtained by the sum of these two results.

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We have studied the level properties of the N=39 nucleus ^71Ge by gamma-ray spectroscopy following the beta decay of ^71As, for which we measure a hal


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Question: A compact THz source for imaging and spectroscopy

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We report of a easy-to-use terahertz radiation source, which combines a QCL operating at 3.1 THz with a compact, low-input-power Stirling cooler. The QCL, which is based on a two-miniband design, has been developed for high output powers and low electrical pump power. The whole system weighs less than 15 kg including cooler, power supplies etc. The peak output power is 8 mW at 3.1 THz. The applicability of the system is demonstrated by imaging and molecular spectroscopy experiments.

We focus on the design and technology of Mirau micro-interferometer, which is a key part of MOEMS endomicroscopic probe, operating with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography detection.


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E.g. given '['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract\n------\nExamples:\nProvided: The Measurement of Firmness of Canned Salmon and other Semi-Rigid Bodies by the Dynamic Penetrometer Method: I. Experiments with a Multiple-Needle Penetrometer Match: A multiple-needle penetrometer of the dynamic type is described. The results of experiments on canned salmon and a commercial shortening with a 12-needle penetration element show that single readings of depth of penetration can be obtained rapidly and are reasonably reliable in that for canned salmon the probable error of a single reading for an average depth of penetration of 10 mm. is of the order of 0.7 mm., while for a commercial shortening the corresponding probable error was only about one-half this value. Experimental evidence together with theoretical considerations, however, indicate that depth of penetration is not a valid measure of softness of canned salmon in the sense that the units of softness at different points along the scale are not equivalent. Hard Negative: This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.', 'In situ fabrication of porous MoS2 thin-films as high-performance catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution.']' it should be close to '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Amorphous MoS2 porous thin films (denoted as MoS2 PTFs) with high activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were fabricated by in situ sulfuration of a Mo substrate. A small overpotential (~120 mV) and a low Tafel slope (~41 mV dec(-1)) can be observed and their excellent performance was ascribed to the combination of the amorphous feature, porous structure and optimized thickness.']' but not to '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'We report a high-performance bi-functional electrocatalyst composed of 3D crumpled graphene (CG)–cobalt oxide nanohybrids. This is the first report on using CG coupled with nanocrystals as both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. The nitrogen-doped CG–CoO hybrid exhibits excellent catalytic activity and durability, making it a high-performance non-precious metal-based bi-functional catalyst for both ORR and OER.']'.

Question: Elevated stromelysin‐1 and reduced collagenase‐IV expression in invasive rat embryo fibroblasts expressing e1a deletion mutants + T24‐H‐ras

We have studied the in vitro invasive properties of 3 cell lines derived from the co-transfection of rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) with E1A genes deficient in exon 2 and T24-ras. All 3 cell lines showed invasive properties at passage 10 after isolation. Invasive cells expressed elevated levels of stromelysin-I and reduced levels of 68-kDa type-IV collagenase compared with untransfected REF. In 2 cell lines the invasive capacity increased during in vitro propagation. The expression of stromelysin-I increased during this process, whereas 68-kDa type-IV collagenase was persistently expressed at reduced levels. In the third clone analyzed, the invasive capacity decreased during culture, in parallel with decreased expression of stromelysin-I. The low level of stromelysin-I expression observed in this cell line did not result from loss of AP-I -transcription-factor activity, and was not reversed by phorbol-ester treatment. © 1992 Wifey-Liss, Inc.

Objective ::: The aim of this study was to observe the affection of targeted therapy to plasmid AF-pGL3-hTERT-TK in HCC cell line HepG2.


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Question: Research Guides: En140-Spring18: Home

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Guide for Iris Dordoni's Spring 2018 semester section of EN140 Rhetoric and Critical Thinking

Constructing God: From Ancient Text to Contemporary Film -- FYS 175-01, Spring 2015; (Dr. Michael O'Keeffe)


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Question: On the Reforms of PE and Health Course Teaching

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In recent years,with deeper promotion of educational teaching reforms,new ideology,new requirements and new evaluations require educational worker to have higher and more capability.This requires P.E.teachers to change their mindsets,promote the advantages of traditional teaching,and satisfy the needs of teaching reforms as soon as possible.

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Review of Developments Educational Computing in Practice Educational Software The Future of Educational Computing.


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Question: Symbols as Substance in National Civics Standards

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amples of what they have taught with success. I suspect those examples will involve classic speeches and writings and the most significant events in American political history, e.g., the Revolution, the framing and ratifying of the Constitution, the Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement. In addition, some examples should come from political history generally, such as the French Revolution and the World Wars. Any general treatment of the concepts of government should be illustrated by specific examples. If that is done, we will discover that Americans agree more on matters of procedure, such as the rule of law, than they agree on substance, but that even where they disagree, they tend to frame their arguments in terms of rights. Both the procedures associated with the rule of law and the concept of individual rights say a lot about American politics, or, as some would say, American political culture.

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Series Editor Introduction, Michael W. Apple Introduction Section One: The Case for Controversial Political Issues 1. Why Democracy Demands Controversy 2. Rationales for Controversial Political Issues Discussions 3. Defining Controversial Issues Section Two: Inside ClassroomsChapter 4. Skillful Teaching of Controversial Issues Discussions 5. Diversity in our Midst: Ideological Diversity in Classrooms and its Impact on Controversial Political Issues Discussions 6. To Disclose or Not: A Controversial Choice for Teachers, Co-authored with Paula McAvoy Section Three: Controversy in the Curriculum 7. Teaching in the Tip: Controversies about What is Legitimately Controversial 8. September 11: "The Ultimate Teachable Moment:" How Supplementary Materials and Textbooks Deal with Controversy in the Classroom 9. Creating More Controversy in Classrooms Appendix A Appendix B


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Question: Relativistic Synthesis: Thwarting the Mind of Christ

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For instance, <<['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Objective To observe the effects of a novel camptothecin(CPT) analogue, iso-camptothecin (iso-CPT) on proliferation and cell cycle of squamous carcinoma cell. Methods Inhibition on cells proliferation and valid concentration of iso-CPT were measured by MTT assay. The influence on cell cycle and induction of cell apoptosis of iso-CPT were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Iso-CPT inhibited the proliferation of Tca8113 cell and arrested the cells in S phase. These effects showed time and dose dependence. Conclusion The results indicate that iso-CPT may has the antitumor effect, and its mechanism may be relevant to its effects on cell proliferation and cell cycle.']>>  to "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Effects of a Novel Camptothecin Analogue,Iso-camptothecin on Proliferation and Cell Cycle of Squamous Carcinoma Cell']"

"...if salt has become tasteless,...it is good for nothing" (Matthew 5:13 NASB) Lest Christians synthesize the ideas and thoughts of the world with those of the Bible and create a form of "relativistic synthesis," Dr. Chewning presents presuppositions and illustrations to encourage teachers in their quest to help their students develop the mind of Christ.

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Preface - Is a Decalogue of Signs Really Necessary? - Talking With or Past Each Other? - How General Are the Ten Signs? - Sense, Sign, Consortium - The Possible Advertising Media Liar - What, Then, Is Semiosis? - The Scandal of the Senses - The Body: Storehouse of Signs - The Decalogue Viewed from the World of the Senses - More Than Words Can Tell - Signs, Signifiers, Simulacra: Linguicentrism - Media, Message, Sign: An Inseparable Trio - A Semiotics for Everyday Life - Into the Postmodern Maelstrom of Semiosis - When What Is, Is Not What Is - References - Index


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Question: Angiosarcoma of the mandible: Metastasis from a primary tumor of the right atrium of the heart

Angiosarcoma of the ::: heart is a rare tumor with very poor prognosis especially in a patient with ::: multiple metastases. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with ::: angiosarcoma of the heart metastasing to the right side of the mandible, a ::: situation not often found previously in the literature.

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Cutaneous metastasis from intraabdominal carcinoma is relatively rare. When it is present it is usually located in the skin overlying the neoplasm [1]. Carcinoma of the uterus metastatic to the skin accounts for 9% of all cutaneous metastases. Distant metastasis is extremely rare. Such a metastasis to the skin of the big toe of the lower limb is presented.


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Question: The seasonal occurrence of chroococcoid cyanobacteria at an Antarctic coastal site

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title The provided query could be "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!', 'Despite highly systematic methods for identifying priority problems and assessing intervention effects, the recent study by Tourgeman-Bashkin and colleagues would not be considered rigorous by conventional standards of validity, nor would its sample size of three units impress policymakers eager to promote large-scale change through improvement programs. Yet, study findings suggest that no single intervention would have accomplished as much as the action research approach the authors’ employed. This perspective argues that although action research may lend itself to neither clean comparisons of intervention and control units over time nor far-reaching improvement campaigns, its advantages, including responsiveness to context, emphasis on implementation and sustainability, and insight about underlying mechanisms of change, make rigorous action research a highly attractive alternative for engendering real world improvement.']" and the positive "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'The time is now for action research']"

The chroococcoid cyanobacterium Synechococcus was found at 5 m depth at a site 6 km off the Antarctic coast where the water depth was 30 m. These cells reached a peak concentration of 140 cells ml-1 in August at the time of maximum rate of development of seaice. They were accompanied in the water column by detritus consisting of diatom frustules and sediment particles. A smaller peak of abundance occurred at the time the sea-ice was breaking up. Cyanobacteria were seen only in very low numbers at one, and were absent at the other, of two deep water sampling sites. We propose that the two peaks of cyanobacterial abundance in the water column result from the suspension of a benthic population by ice crystals during the winter and their release from the sea-ice in summer.

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Seasonal and vertical distribution of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate and phytoplankton have been studied at the deepest point of the Lower Lake, Bhopal from September 1979 to August 1981. Stratification was noticed in almost all the parameters. Bottom was frequently anoxic. The dominant groups among phytoplankton were Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae.


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Question: Application of the Methods of Spin Chemistry to Establishment of the Nature of the Effect of Ordered Media on the Reactivity of Included Biologically Significant Compounds

An approach to the investigation of the effect of supramolecula r structures on photoinduced radical processes is proposed. The possibilities of the new approach are demonstrated with the example describing the investigation of the effect of host–guest complexation of biologically significant photoactive molecules with β-cyclodextrin, both using the methods of spin chemistry and by means of laser flash photolysis. It was demonstrated that the effect of complexation affects the geminal processes and the processes taking place in volume with the participation of free radical species. Investigation of spin and molecular dynamics in these processes will allow one to establish the mechanisms of molecular recognition and the nature of selectivity in biological processes.

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1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: Double resonance experiments in the Tm I - spectrum

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Abstract Optical double resonance experiments in the Tm I-spectrum are described. The results for the g J values are compared to theoretical values.

The 125Te Mossbauer transition following radioactive decay from the 125Sb parent reveals a field of mod H mod =848+or-30 kOe at 4.2K, the largest field measured to date at a Te nucleus or in any Heusler alloy.


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Question: Experimental Study on Strength Development Mechanism of Artificially Mixed Intermediate Soils.

In order to make clear the strength development mechanism of intermediate soils, the direct shear tests were performed on artificially mixed soils to examine the influences of soil texture and consolidation pressure. The following conclusions were obtained:(1) The shear strength characteristic of soils changes from that of sand to clay with increasing clay content and from that of clay to sand with increasing consolidation pressure.(2) From the direct shear tests, the experimental constant cσc characterizing the boundary between sand and clay was found to exist and vary with the clay content and consolidation pressure.(3) The expreimental constant cσcn characterizing the soil properties was also found.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title
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For example, '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The Genealogical Information and Name Tabulation (GIANT) System has been operational since late 1969. The GIANT System is operated by the Genealogical Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Computer processing is done on an IBM 360 Model 65 computer.']' should be close to '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Data integrity in the GIANT system']'

Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


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'['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Policy instruments for developing planted forests: Theory and practices in China, the U.S., Brazil, and France']' == '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', 'Planted forests are seen as a means to meet increasing demand for timber and environmental services and thus to achieve sustainable forest development. In this paper, we use the Faustmann–Hartman silvicultural investment model to demonstrate how policy instruments influence planted forest development and review such a development in China, the U.S., Brazil, and France. We find that planted forests emerge because of scarcity in timber and environmental services and develop in response to economic and policy and institutional instruments, including secure property rights, stumpage price policy, and efficient forestry governance and administration.']' != '['Represent text', 'This is a study of the income tax treatment of fringe benefits. In the first half, a review is given of the theories underlying different fringe benefit income tax rules and the conceptual rules that arise with respect to particular types of benefits. In the second part, a look is taken at the actual rules governing the tax treatment of fringe benefits in the following selected jurisdictions: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brunei, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.']'

Question: On Working Part-time,Work-study and Work-study System

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This paper analyzes the connotation,historical evolution and model of working part-time,work-study program and work-study system and provides a reference for the practice of part work and part study in vocational education.

A Helping Hand for Arts, Drama,Music And Film Students! General Tools and Research Information


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Question: Process algebra and non-interference

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Various formulations of non-interference have been proposed to try to characterise the absence of information flows in system or network. There is still no consensus in the information security community as to which of these accurately captures our intuition of the notion of secrecy. ::: We argue that non-interference is closely related to the characterisation of process equivalence. What constitutes process equivalence is itself a fundamental question in computer science with several distinct definitions proposed in the literature. We illustrate how several of the definitions of non-interference mirror notions of process equivalence. Casting these security concepts in a process algebraic framework clarifies, for example, the role of non-determinism and allows results to be carried over regarding composition and the completeness of unwinding rules. We also discuss some natural generalisations of the approach.

In this paper we describe a simple equational formalism for expressing functorial data migration. A graphical IDE and implementation of this formalism are available at categoricaldata.net/fql.html.


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Question: Covalency Parameters in MnSe and MnSe2

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Covalency parameters have been deduced from neutron diffraction measurements on MnSe, Mg0.1Mn0.9Se, and MnSe2. The cubic phase of MnSe is contaminated at low temperatures with a hexagonal phase, and this leads to deduced covalency parameters for Mn2+(Aσ2 + 2Aπ2 + As2 = 6.2 ± 1.9%) of relatively low accuracy. More accurate values (Aσ2 + 2Aπ2 + As2 = 7.5 ± 0.3%) have been obtained from the magnesium‐doped compound which remains cubic down to 4.2°K. The measured covalency parameter sum for MnSe2 is 7.8 ± 1.1% indicating that the Se–Se bond has little effect on the total covalency. Covalency in the manganese selenides is seen to be similar to that in α‐MnS(Aσ2 + 2Aπ2 + As2 = 7.0%).

Abstract : Contents: Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs superlattices, Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa(2), Electronic structure study of the Pt-Ga intermetallic thin films on GaAs (100) using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, RHEED Studies of Epitaxial Growth of CoGa on GaAs by MBE-Determination of epitaxial phases and orientations, Internal Photoemission in CoGa/GaAs Schottky Barriers, Possible Injection of Electrons into the L Valley, Chemistry of Metal/ Compound-Semiconductor Interfaces, Phase Stability Versus The Lattice Mismatch of (100)Co1-xGa(x) Thin Films on (100)GaAs, Electrical resistivity of ultrathin, epitaxial CoGa on GaAs, and Growth and Annealing of Co(1-x)Ga(x) Thin Films on GaAs (100).


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Question: Humanization of Education and Educational Reform in Primary and Middle Schools

The emphasis of the humanization of education is laid on the integrat ion of the people standard and social needs.In accordance with the conditions in the educational reform of primary and middle schools,in humanization of educati on,two major problems must be settled:the lightening of school children’s burde ns in learning and the ways and attitude in educating the children.To settle the se problems,we should respect the personality of teenagers,meet the demands in t he development of their psychology and individuality,make them understand societ y and reduce their difficulty in learning.

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Contents: The School System - The System of Higher Education - Access and Admission to Higher Education - Appendix: From the Higher Education Framing Law - Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of 1972.


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Question: General Reliability of Measurement

The definition of general reliability of measurement is proposed for the first time.We discussed the extended error theory,and analyzed the systematic effect of stochastic error and the randomization of systematic error.The concept of uncertainty in measurement and the application of general reliability are discussed,it is valuable for surveying scheme design,data adjustment,verification of measuring instrument and the setup and explanation of standard for surveying.

Why Data Mining is Important: What is Customer-Centric Data Mining? How Data Mining Can Enhance Your Services and Products Data Mining Can Solve Your Most Difficult Problems The Data Mining Process Pillars of the Data Mining Framework: The Information Technology of Business Intelligence The Data in Data Mining The Mathematics of Data Mining Data Mining Techniques: Knowledge Discovery Data Mining Techniques: More Knowledge Discovery Data Mining Techniques: Predictive Models Data Mining Management: Common Reasons Data Mining Projects Fail Overcoming Obstacles Successful Data Mining Project Management Data Mining in Practice--Case Studies: Data Mining in: Customer Service, Retail, Insurance, Financial Services, Health Care and Medicine, Telecommunications, Transportation and Logistics, Energy, and Government Glossary Bibliography Appendixes: Vendor Information "STAT 101" Techniques Listed by Methodology Phase


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Question: Location Aware Question Answering Based Product Searching in Mobile Handheld Devices

In this research we present a question answering based searching technique for location based shopping. A user may ask a question to the system as they naturally ask to a human while the system retrieves the search results by analyzing the given question and the current GPS location. Based on the retrieved results, the system carry out conversation with the user to explicitly understand his/her needs and accordingly filters search results for display. The conversation between the system and the user is based on word co-occurrence keyword extraction and Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) technique. As per initial experimentation, we found out that the proposed approach of conversation based shopping is appealing and useful to the user.


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Question: Interrupted Trajectory: The Experiences of Disability and Homeschooling in Post-Soviet Russia

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Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'As Lance Corporal Blake Simington marches with his Army colleagues this Anzac Day in north Queensland, his thoughts will be with his grandfather at home in western Sydney.']" Match: "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Gallipoli 2015: Family history front of mind for Townsville soldier on Anzac Day']"

This paper provides a personal account of school experiences in Russia from a disability perspective to illuminate a complex nature of disability in post-Soviet Russia. It seeks to foreground the context of homeschooling by problematizing transition as a linear and uninterrupted path. Through discussion of the education system for children with disabilities, the author positions herself in a broader sociocultural context. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the issues around negotiation of access and engages with theoretical constructs of overcoming, staring, and internalizing ableism to demonstrate the ambiguities of personal experiences and the role of structures in shaping these experiences. Finally, the paper emphasizes the relational aspect of disability and schooling to recognize possibilities and creative ways of being within structural constraints.

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Preface Exploring Offence Paralleling Behaviours in Incarcerated Offenders The Chinese Prison System for Female Offenders: A Case Study Social Control, Moral Panics & Prison: Social Harms Produced by the Myth of the New Hyper-Violent Girl Advancing the Study of Solitary Confinement Conducting Treatment in the Prison System: Rehabilitation Research Exploratory Study on Child Care in Prisons Violence Prevention Booster Program: Effects on Knowledge, Attitude, & Recidivism The Challenges of Re-entry from Prison to Society A Theoretical Assessment of the Impact of Unsafe Injecting Practices & Behavioral Change on the Dynamics of HCV & HIV within Correctional Institutions Index.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Oxidation Ditch and Aquatic Plant Filter Bed for Treatment of Biogas Slurry from Anaerobic Digestion of Blue-green Algae

Based on the high concentration of organic matter in biogas slurry from anaerobic digestion of blue-green algae,a combined process of oxidation ditch and aquatic plant filter bed was used to treat the biogas slurry.The study found a high complementarity between the oxidation ditch and aquatic plant filter bed,which improved the treatment effect of the biogas slurry.The average concentrations of COD,NH3-N,TN and TP in the effluent were 50 mg/L,1.6 mg/L,6 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L,respectively,meeting the first level A criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002).Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) analysis showed that the oxidation ditch was efficient in refractory organics removal,and the aquatic plant filter bed performed water purification through plant uptake,microbial degradation and filtration.Microorganisms in the coupled system could effectively degrade microcystins to 1 μg/L in the biogas slurry.

Overview Introduction Basic Limnology Lake and Reservoir Diagnosis and Evaluation Algal Biomass Control Techniques Directed toward Control of Plankton Algae Lake and Reservoir Response to Diversion and Advanced Wastewater Treatment Lake And Reservoir Protection From Non-Point Pollution Dilution and Flushing Hypolimnetic Withdrawal Phosphorus Inactivation and Sediment Oxidation Biomanipulation Copper Sulfate Macrophyte Biomass Control Macrophyte Ecology and Lake Management Plant Community Restoration Water Level Drawdown Preventive, Manual, and Mechanical Methods Sediment Covers and Surface Shading for Macrophyte Control Chemical Controls Phytophagous Insects, Fish, and Other Biological Controls Multiple Benefit Treatments Hypolimnetic Aeration and Oxygenation Artificial Circulation Sediment Removal