Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The Efficacy of the Total Giftedness Development Model

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AbstractThe study objective was to apply the Total Giftedness Development Model (TGDM) among a Saudi Arabian sample and study its effectiveness. The descriptive and case study research methods were applied on a sample of 807 male students, age 5 to 18 to test the efficacy of the model. Several instruments, including The Saudi Mental Abilities Test, Torrance Test for Creative Thinking, academic achievement scores, and Renzulli’ s Scales for Rating Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students (SRBCSS) were used in the study. The most significant results of the study are: (a) The TGDM effectively influences the increase of mental abilities of participating students. (b) The model significantly affects the creative abilities of participating students. (c) The model significantly affects the academic capabilities of participating students.


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Question: Operationalising place‐based innovation in public administration

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Purpose – Place‐based innovation has become central to meeting the complex demands on contemporary public administration. Among the difficulties in introducing new practices is the gap between political authorisation and administrative implementation. This paper aims to use the emergence of new forms of place‐based public administration involved in the (re)introduction of community‐based ideas, practices and instruments into public administration to demonstrate how authorising and operationalising innovation can be addressed in practice.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews placed‐based public administration initiatives in Victoria, Australia over a decade.Findings – To be effective public sector innovations need both a powerful authorising environment and also a framework for operationalisation. As with private sector innovation new ideas in the public sector often need new institutional arrangements and instruments to enable their effective take up and diffusion. These new arrangements often r...

Challenges for future caring science research: a response to providing evidence for health- care practice.


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Question: and problems Reinventing public service broadcasting in Europe: prospects, promises

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Additional services and information for Media, Culture & Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://mcs.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://mcs.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Citations http://mcs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/30/3/337 Downloaded from http://mcs.sagepub.com

The topic and the context to be investigated. Foreign direct investments: theories and facts. FDI in the real world.


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Question: Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet Slows Cognitive Decline After Stroke

Objective ::: This study sought to determine if the MIND diet (a hybrid of the Mediterranean and Dash diets, with modifications based on the science of nutrition and the brain), is effective in preventing cognitive decline after stroke.

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Progress in Alzheimer's Disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Familial Alzheimer's Disease and Biology of Presenilins. Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in Alzheimer's Disease. Clinical Evaluation of Alzheimer's Disease. Progress in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Novel Drug Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibitors. New Treatment on the Horizon in Alzheimer's Disease. Progress in Parkinson's Disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis. Familial Parkinson's Disease. Clinical Topics in Parkinson's Disease. Progress in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Dopamine Agonists. Mechanism and Treatment of Motor Complications. Treatment of Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Surgical Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. New Treatment on the Horizon in Parkinson's Disease. Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Familial Frontotemporal Dementia and Related Disorders.


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Question: Discussion on the Micro-blogging Applications in Information & Library Institution

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Micro-blogging combines and develops the advantages of Blog,IM and SNS.The article systemically studies the multi-features of micro blog,enumerates its applications in diplomacy,government,enterprise,S T domains.And the paper also has emphatically discussed some kinds of implication in information library institution.

Contents: Virtual Worlds - History of Virtual Worlds - Virtual Worlds and Language Learning Theory - Varieties of Virtual World Environments - Language Learning in Second Life.


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Question: Epilepsy: A Costly Misdiagnosis

Nonepileptic events misdiagnosed as manifestations of epilepsy are a significant problem. Five representative cases suggest that a diagnosis of epilepsy should be based on a careful history and analysis of the clinical event. The clinician should make a diagnosis of epilepsy only when there is definite positive support and not on the basis of poorly characterized paroxysmal episodes and a few minor and nonspecific EEG findings. Effective treatment presupposes correct diagnosis and early diagnosis appears to be correlated with better prognosis. The annual cost of nonepileptic spells misdiagnosed as epileptic can be estimated at between $650,000,000 and $4,000,000,000. Aggressive efforts to establish a definite diagnosis of spells not clearly epileptic is both medically and economically indicated.

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Introducing Diabetes Type 1 (Insulin Dependent) Diabetes Controlling Your Diabetes Is Your Treatment Effective? Keeping Good Control Multiple Injection Treatment What Can Go Wrong? The Long-Term Effects of Diabetes and Your General Health Marriage, Pregnancy, Parenthood and Contraception Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Diabetes and Your Daily Life The British Diabetic Association Index.


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Question: Studies of Ti1.5Zr5.5V0.5(MxNi1−x)9.5 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Al): Part 1. Structural characteristics

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The provided query could be "['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Distance metric learning focuses on learning one global or multiple local distance functions to draw similar instances close to each other and push away dissimilar ones. Most existing work has to do matrix projection to learn distance functions. In this paper, we present a novel distance function learning model which is based on eigenvalue fine tuning. Our model not only is able to learn the global distance function but also can be easily adopted into local metric learning tasks. From the perspective of dimension reduction, the proposed model can measure how much information has been preserved after feature transformation. Moreover, we connect our model with principal components analysis to improve its performance by introducing the label information. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.']" and the positive "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Distance metric learning with eigenvalue fine tuning']"

Abstract In Part 1 of this two part series of papers, the structural characteristics of quinary alloys Ti 1.5 Zr 5.5 V 0.5 (M x Ni 1− x ) 9.5 with M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, or Al and x = 0.1 or 0.2 are reported. All 12 alloys are composed of Laves phases (C14 or C15) and non-Laves Zr–Ni phases. Only partial Cu-substitution retains a Zr 7 Ni 10 -dominated microstructure. Substitutions of elements with fewer outer shell electrons, such as Al, Mn, and Cr, were found to promote more C14 phase while Fe- and Co-substitutions favored the C15 structure. Average electron density was found to have a determining role in the predilection toward C14/C15 phases. As the Ni-content in the alloy decreases, the structure of non-Laves phase changes from Zr 7 Ni 10 to Zr 7 Ni 10 + Zr 9 Ni 11 , then to Zr 9 Ni 11 , and finally to Zr 9 Ni 11 + ZrNi. The solubilities of V and Cr in the Zr 7 Ni 10 and Zr 9 Ni 11 phases are very low and the contents of other substitutional elements in these phases are lower than in the Laves phases.

Phase equilibria of the R-Fe-Co pseudoternary system with R≤33.3%(mole fraction, R=Sm0.5Dy0.5) were determined in an isothermal section at 1073K and a vertical section of RFe2-RCo2 by using OM, X-ray diffractometer, EPMA DTA techniques. There are seven intermetallic phases: (Sm, Dy)(Fe, Co)2, (Sm, Dy)(Fe, Co)3, (Sm, Dy)6(Fe, Co)23, (Sm, Dy)2(Fe, Co)7, (Sm, Dy)(Fe, Co)5, Th2Ni17-type and Th2Zn17-type (Sm, Dy)2(Fe, Co)17. The (Sm, Dy)6(Fe, Co)23 phase dissolves 36% Co(mole fraction) at 1073K. However, the (Sm, Dy)2(Fe, Co)7 phase in R2(Fe1-xCox)7 alloys dissolves about 19% Fe(mole fraction) at 1073K.


Question: What is a Mental Disorder? A Perspective from Cognitive-Affective Science

Defining disease and disorder remains a key conceptual question in philosophy of medicine and psychiatry, and is currently a very practical matter for psychiatric nosology, given the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and the upcoming International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision. There have been advances in the cognitive-affective science of human categorization, and it is timely to consider implications for our understanding of the category of psychiatric disorder. The category of mental disorder has graded boundaries, and conditions within this category can be conceptualized using MEDICAL or MORAL metaphors. One key set of constructs used in MEDICAL metaphors relates to the notion of dysfunction, and it may, in turn, be useful to conceptualize such dysfunction in evolutionary terms. For typical disorders, it is relatively easy to agree that dysfunction is present. However, for atypical disorders, there may be considerable debate about the presence and ex...

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For example, ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'To the Editor. —We read the article in the Dec 18, 1987, issue of JAMA by Drs Elliot and Hickam 1 with great interest. We were pleased to see the topic of the consistency of patient instructors (we now call them standardized patients ) compared with faculty observers appear inTHE JOURNAL. To provide a valid and reliable method for evaluating physical examination skills of medical students is one of the challenges facing medical education today. We have trained patient instructors to teach and evaluate physical diagnosis skills for more than 15 years. 2-4 They have been used extensively throughout the undergraduate curriculum, as well as for residents and practitioners. Our experience with the use of patient instructors has been even more encouraging than that reported by Drs Elliot and Hickam. For example, we have used patient instructors as a quality control check of the skills of students in physical diagnosis'] should be similar to ['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Life Is Short, the Art Long, Opportunity Fleeting, Experience Treacherous, Judgment Difficult']

Preface Introduction Child Abuse and Neglect: Epidemiology and Theorizations Summary Description of Paradigms Theorizations of Physical Abuse Theories of Child Physical Abuse Theorizations of Incest and Sexual Abuse Theories of the Incest Taboo Theories of Incestuous Abuse Theories of Sexual Abuse Theorizations of Psychological Maltreatment Theories of Psychological Maltreatment Theories of Neglect Content and Process Evaluations and Summaries Introduction to the Psychosemantic Process Model of Human Behavior Summary and Evaluation of Theories via the Psychosomantic Process Model Perspectives from the Psychosemantic Process Model The Nature of Scientific Knowledge and Theories Evaluation of Theoretical Paradigms from Science Cameo Application and Conclusions Impact of Differential Theories on the Legal Profession: A Cameo Evaluation of Expert Witnesses Summary and Conclusions References Index


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Question: On the reliability theory of the structures

The researches into the reliability theory of the structures, in hypothesis of elasto-plastic material, “compels” one to determine the probability function of structural resistance. As it is very difficult to find this function exactly, various authors approximate its values following different methods.

This paper proposes three kinds of models for obtaining exponential possibility distributions, namely, the upper approximation model, the lower approximation model and the integrated model to reflect the different viewpoints. An example of the possibility distribution in a portfolio selection problem is shown.


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Question: 5- to 13-year follow-up study on cementless femoral components in revision surgery.

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The 5- to 13-year follow-up data on 297 cementless revision arthroplasties with extensively coated components (Anatomic Medullary Locking femoral component, DePuy, Warsaw, IN) are reported. A basic classification of the femoral defects was developed. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a minimum of 60 months. Clinically, the average Postel-d'Aubigné score improved from 4.8 before to a 10.2 after surgery. Definite radiographic instability was noted in seven hips. Five patients were symptomatic and were revised. The mechanical failure rate was 2.4%. The overall complication rate was 5.7%, with a 2.6% dislocation rate. In the presence of bone loss in the proximal metaphyseal region of the femur, fixation of the femoral component is best achieved in the diaphyseal region of the femur using an extensively coated femoral component.

Introduction:Poor functional outcomes and aseptic loosening increase when total knee arthroplasty is performed on osteoporotic patients. This biomechanical study evaluated the effect of stem extension on the stability of tibial fixation using different cementing techniques.Methods:A standard design


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Question: A new test method based on head space analysis to determine permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide of flexible packaging

A new technique for determining oxygen and carbon dioxide permeabilities of flexible packaging was developed and tested on very-low density, low density and high density polyethylene pouches. The pouch head-space and pouch volume of carbon dioxide filled pouches were measured as a function of time until an equilibrium pouch gas composition was established. Permeabilities were obtained from the rates of carbon dioxide loss and oxygen uptake. HSP-method permeability values were in good agreement with those obtained from traditional flat-film permeability techniques. The HSP-method was found to be a valuable tool for determining and quantifying changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen pouch barrier properties due, for example, to exposure to olive oil or due to the existence of poor welds.

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Polyethylene terephthalate film 12 μm thick with vacuum-deposited AlO ::: x ::: coating was studied. Optical and atomic force microscopy was used to investigate surface topology. Film haze, optical density, surface tension, oxygen and vapor transmission rates were measured to estimate barrier performances of the film. To study effect of the coating on electret properties of the film surface potential, electric field strength and efficient surface charge density and thermally stimulated surface potential relaxation were measured. Optimal charging conditions for coated and uncoated polyethylene terephthalate films were found. Interaction of the film with different model mediums simulating foodstuff was studied. Coated electret film can be used as active packaging material with high barrier properties.


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Question: Retreat of Pine Island Glacier controlled by marine ice-sheet instability

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For instance, <<['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'We address the key issue of the presence of outliers and artifacts inherently present in various electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. Indeed, in almost all brain-computer interface (BCI) systems, EEG signals may contain artifacts and noisy components frequently caused by improper imagination or by a loss of concentration during the imagination process. In this paper, a method is firstly proposed to detect the outliers from training and as a second step to reject those artifacts and outliers on the basis of training. In particular, the method proposed can operate for all kind of EEG signals contaminated by noise; in addition to remove the need of human expertise. Experimental results conducted on BCI competition 2003 dataset III show significant improvement of performance accuracy compared with the standard classification scheme.']>>  to <<['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'An outlier detection/rejection method for single-trial EEG signals classification']>>

At present the Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is thinning and its grounding line has retreated. This work uses three ice-flow models to investigate the stability of the glacier and finds that the grounding line could retreat a further 40 km, which is equivalent to a rise in sea level of 3.5–10 mm over a 20 year period.

We have constructed 23-year (1994–2016) time series of Antarctic Peninsula (AP) ice-shelf height change using data from four satellite radar altimeters (ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat, and CryoSat-2). Combining these time series with output from atmospheric and firn models, we partitioned the total height-change signal into contributions from varying surface mass balance, firn state, ice dynamics, and basal mass balance. On the Bellingshausen coast of the AP, ice shelves lost 84 ± 34 Gt a−1 to basal melting, compared to contributions of 50 ± 7 Gt a−1 from surface mass balance and ice dynamics. Net basal melting on the Weddell coast was 51 ± 71 Gt a−1. Recent changes in ice-shelf height include increases over major AP ice shelves driven by changes in firn state. Basal melt rates near Bawden Ice Rise, a major pinning point of Larsen C Ice Shelf, showed large increases, potentially leading to substantial loss of buttressing if sustained.


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Question: Architecture and Mathematics: Art, Music and Science

It is a great pleasure to write a paper about architecture and mathematics on the occasion of the conference, Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science. It is architecture's intimate relationship to mathematics that underscores its ties to art, music and science. The subject is too vast to lie within the range of a single discussion; this paper will look at some facets of these various relationships with the aim of introducing the reader to ideas meriting further study.

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Introduction: The Play of Musement, and the Musement of Play The Dynamics of Play The Pragmatics of Play The Futuristics of Play Selected Bibliography Index


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Question: Finger Motion Classification Using Surface-Electromyogram Signals

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The finger movement has the information about force, speed to bend and the combination of fingers. If these information is estimated, the many degrees of freedom interface can apply it. In this study, we aimed for the many degrees of freedom finger movement classification. We tried each fingers classification and the estimate of the flexural finger force using surface-electromyogram signals. In the technique, amount of characteristic are a cepstral coefficient of EMG signals and an integral calculus EMG signals. A support vector machine performs learning and classtification. Therefore, I propose the classification technique and inspected a classification each finger and the combination of fingers by offline data handling using surface EMG signals.

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Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.


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Question: Gastric cancer bone metastases together with osteopoikilosis diagnosed using bone scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

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The coexistence of different bone diseases in the same patient involves a complex differential diagnosis. A patient is presented who was studied due to a renal mass that showed many sclerotic lesions in spine and limbs in conventional radiology and CT. These lesions were evaluated with 99mTC-HDP bone scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET/CT, which helped to obtain the definitive pathological diagnosis of osteopoikilosis (OP) co-existing with gastric cancer bone metastases. Of the different imaging scans performed, bone scintigraphy was particularly relevant due to its ability to discriminate between benign and metastatic bone disease.

Cancer vaccines are now undergoing clinical investigations, and clinical trials of therapeutic cancer vaccines have been conducted mainly for advanced cancer patients. We experienced 2 cases of multifocal F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in the chest wall and axillary lymph nodes associated with personalized peptide vaccine therapy for recurrent lung cancer. In this article, we report fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose -positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings.


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Question: Anterior segment ischemia: classification and description in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia is described who developed anterior segment ischemia after extreme leukocytosis with a resultant increase in the blood viscosity. The patient's signs and symptoms resolved after therapy which normalized the white blood cell count. It is thought that the anterior segment ischemia was a result of sludging of white blood cells in the ciliary arteries. It is important to recognize that anterior segment ischemia can occur as a complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia associated with extreme leukocytosis. A new classification of anterior segment ischemia is given.

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A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed retinal venous stasis as part of a hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to a polyclonal gammopathy. Ocular findings included bilateral retinal venous dilation, disc hyperemia, optociliary venous collaterals, and left macular edema. This clinical picture improved following systemic corticosteroid therapy. Although occasional cases of rheumatoid polyclonal gammopathy causing hyperviscosity have been described in the rheumatology literature, this case represents the first detailed ophthalmological documentation of this occurrence.


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Question: Copyright originality and judicial originality

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Judicial opinions, and especially trial judgments, would appear to differ significantly from the kinds of works that typically attract the attention of copyright law, because eligibility for copyright protection requires originality. Whether judicial opinions even enjoy copyright protection is a matter of some disagreement, but in any case, like most other forms of legal prose, they are usually collaborative products that reflect a wide range of imitative writing practices, including quotation, paraphrase, and pastiche. Yet the definition of originality in the copyright context turns out to have important commonalities with the generic expectations associated with judicial decisions. These questions come to the fore in recent disputes over various forms of copying in trial judgments -- involving copying from the pleadings (with or without attribution), and unattributed copying from law journal articles or from other judgments by the same judge or by others.

The new analytical jurists how law is formal and why it matters evaluating and improving legal process - a plea for process values two types of substantive reasons - the core of a theory of common law justification good faith in general contract law - a philosophical approach.


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Question: Synthesis of carbon bridged C-disaccharides

Direct lithiation of the readily available 2-phenylsulfinyl-D-glucal 2 provides the 1-C-lithiated species 2A furnishing with 4-deoxy-4-formyl-D-glucose derivative 7 in a diastereocontrolled reaction the C-disaccharide intermediate 8. This compound is transformed into the carbon bridged cellobiose derivative 1b [Glc-β(1→4C)Glc derivative]. Analogously, the corresponding Glc-β(1→4C)Gal derivative was obtained.

The reactions of acylimines of hexafluoroacetone with 1,3-C,N-binucleophiles giving rise to fluorine-containing 1,4-dihydropyrimidines, including fused compounds, were studied.


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Question: [The neuroendocrine regulation of sexual functions in middle-aged and elderly men].

The content of sex, gonadotropic hormones and prolactin was determined in healthy persons and sexological patients (age: from 45 to 74 years). Computerized evaluation of data revealed a correlative dependence of the grade of sexual manifestations on the level blood hormones. It was shown that they correlate to a greater extent with the content of gonadotropic hormones and prolactin than with the level of sex hormones.

Purpose ::: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among Korean men aged ≥40 years.


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Question: Degasification of the Mary Lee Coalbed, Brookwood, Alabama. Report of investigations/1982

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The Bureau of Mines has developed several techniques for draining methane from coalbeds in advance of mining. Drilling long horizontal holes from an underground location is one such technique, which was successfully demonstrated in the Pittsburgh and Sunnyside Coalbeds. The same technique has now been applied in the Mary Lee Coalbed at Jim Walter Resources, Inc.'s No. 4 Mine, Brookwood, Ala., where two holes were drilled horizontally--one to a depth of 1,010 feet (308 m) and the other to 540 feet (165 m). The 1,010-foot (308-m) hole proved successful in degasifying a portion of the Mary Lee Coalbed.

Paper to be presented at the Fifty-First Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1970. / Project was funded by the Office of Water Resources Research, Department of the Interior, and the State of Arizona as a part of an overall matching grant project entitled "Development of Economic Water Harvest Systems for Increasing Water Supply."


Question:
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E.g. "['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'A Decision Support model: Simulating a production oriented processing system']" == "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!', 'Revenue Canada - Taxation has developed a Decision Support System (DSS) which allows taxation centre managers to evaluate the effects of various planning strategies for processing tax returns. To plan effectively, there is a need to find an optimal balance between the efficient utilization of resources by the processing activities and the provision of a service that meets taxpayer expectations. With the use of this Decision Support System, managers are able to evaluate the trade-offs between policies on staffing, inventory control and production to allow them to choose a plan that would best meet their overall objectives. The framework of the DSS is such that it may be used to plan for any production oriented processing system.']" != "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'This chapter presents an original continuous time methodology and mathematical models applied for analyzing the effectiveness of technical and economic aspects of the operation of heat and electricity sources.']"

Question: The Law of Folk Music Features' Blend

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The shape of folk music features in various area and nation is restricted by the nature and the society. The folk music features in different areas, following some geo - relation, influence each other. In their meeting place, a phenomenon of various folk music features' mixing up appears. Some new folk music features are formed, which continuously promote the development and abundance of folk music.

Introduction: One Is the Lonelist Number The Civic Catechism Agoraphobia The Rite Stuff The Bawdy Politic Selected Bibliography Index


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Question: Tetrakis(μ-2-chlorobenzoato-κ2 O:O′)bis[(4-vinylpyridine-κN)copper(II)]

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The title compound, [Cu2(C7H4ClO2)4(C7H7N)2], consists of centrosymmetric dinuclear molecules with a Cu⋯Cu separation of 2.6676 (12) A. In the molecule, four 2-chlorobenzoate anions bridge two CuII ions, while two neutral 4-vinylpyridine ligands coordinate them in axial positions. The CuII ion has a distorted square-planar pyramidal coordination, with four O atoms from the chlorobenzoate anions at the base. The N pyridine atom completes the coordination environment in the apical position.

Facial- and meridional-isomers of tris[benzyl(2-methylimidazol-4-ylmethylidene)amine]iron(II) chloride hexafluorophosphate with the formulas of fac-[Fe(HLMe-Benz)3]Cl·PF6·EtOH·H2O (1) and mer-[Fe(H...


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Question: Tunneling ionization of air in the strong field of femtosecond laser pulses

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The effect of the tunneling ionization of air excited by individual intense femtosecond pulses with subcritical peak powers has been investigated by the optoacoustic method. With an increase in the laser radiation intensity in the range of 0.5–20 PW/cm2, the saturation of the amplitude of acoustic pressure with the corresponding decrease in the nonlinearity index of this dependence is observed. The analysis of the ionization of air molecules in the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov model of tunneling ionization predicts a weakly nonlinear increase and saturation of the yield of singly charged ions at an air ionization degree close to 50% under these conditions of the effect of femtosecond laser radiation.

We report the direct measurement of a train of attosecond pulses by mean of autocorrelation method using nonlinear two photon processes in atoms and molecules in the xuv region.


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Question: Study advances on mimics of super oxide dismutase enzyme and its biological effects

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Recent advances in the mimics of super oxide dismutase enzyme were reviewed. The catalytic ability to dismute super oxide anion and the biological effect of the SOD mimics through animal models were discussed.

This thesis describes work done to design and synthesize protease inhibitors, with the intention of developing therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the chronic liver condition caused ...


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Question: Approaching the limits of carrier-envelope phase stability in a millijoule-class amplifier.

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The demand for ever shorter light pulses presents a challenge to the detection and stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) in amplifier systems. Here we present a combination of single-shot detection and a fast actuator that is capable of measuring and correcting the CEP in every single shot emitted by a millijoule-scale, multi-kHz femtosecond laser amplifier. The residual CEP noise within 50 s amounts to 98 mrad rms in-loop (fast detection, 5·105 shots) and 140 mrad out-of-loop (slow detection, 6250 shots), approaching the noise floor of the f-to-2f measurement. Both values represent a twofold improvement of the CEP stability over previously published results in comparable systems.

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We report a Yb:YLF based 10 mJ-class cryogenically-cooled regenerative amplifier with 2.1 nm FWHM spectral bandwidth. This system demonstrates the feasibility of high energy, sub-ps cryogenic lasers as an alternative to room temperature Yb:YAG.


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Question: An empirical analysis of production distortions in the mid-Atlantic surf clam and ocean quahog fishery

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This paper presents empirical evidence of production distortions under controlled access management in the Mid-Atlantic surf clam and ocean quahog fishery. Results indicate that vessels harvested multiple clam species even though the harvest technology exhibits diseconomies of scope. Vessels also operated in a region of the production surface where the marginal product of vessel capital services was negative. These distortions are explained by perverse regulations which restricted vessel capital replacement and severely limited fishing times.

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Examples:

"['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The combinatorial explosion that plagues planning and reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be moderated using state abstraction. Prohibitively large task representations can be condensed such that essential information is preserved, and consequently, solutions are tractably computable. However, exact abstractions, which treat only fully-identical situations as equivalent, fail to present opportunities for abstraction in environments where no two situations are exactly alike. In this work, we investigate approximate state abstractions, which treat nearly-identical situations as equivalent. We present theoretical guarantees of the quality of behaviors derived from four types of approximate abstractions. Additionally, we empirically demonstrate that approximate abstractions lead to reduction in task complexity and bounded loss of optimality of behavior in a variety of environments.']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Near Optimal Behavior via Approximate State Abstraction']"

The mariculturist must select a species that has high market demand. Moreover, a year-round supply must be available to meet demands on a regular basis. The fresh and frozen seafood market is the best for maricultural products. Maricultural products show potential in the convenience-foods market.


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Question: Analysis of Internal Control System of Our Country’s Small and Medium-sized Industrial Enterprises and Risk Prevention under the Situation of Financial Crisis

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As the economy develops rapidly and the modern ways of enterprise management is applied, internal control is executed in all fields of business administration and it is playing a more and more important role in enterprise management. Now, internal control is taken as the significant method of modern business administration. We can’t be optimistic towards small and medium-sized industrial enterprises’ internal control system. Under the situation of financial crisis, those enterprises are very easy to be shocked and affected by crisis. These enterprises should consider about their own characters, perfect environment of control, make goal of control clear, improve their skill of control and perfect their internal control systems so as to enhance the effect of control.

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1. Twenty Years of Software Development in China 2. Software Industrialization and Globalization-Opportunities and Challenges for China 3. On the Road towards Innovated-in-China-Examples from SAP Labs China 4. From Made-in-China to Innovated-in-China-Which Microeconomic Factors Are Still Needed? 5. Factors Influencing the Transition-Education and Intellectual Property Protection


Question: Information and Opinion on Higher Education of HongKong and Macao

The higher education of HongKong and Macao has a specific system due to their unusual history and culture.The characteristics of their higher education are plenty of experience accumulated for many years with a higher internationalization.Furthermore,they have a good management system and enough outlay as well as top-ranking teachers.As a topping level in higher education in the world,many aspects of HongKong and Macao deserve to be used for reference to the education field in the mainland.

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Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Area spectrum of slowly rotating black holes

Abstract We investigate the area spectrum for rotating black holes which are Kerr and BTZ black holes. For slowly rotating black holes, we use the Maggiore's idea combined with Kunstatter's method to derive their area spectra, which are equally spaced.

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The exact solution of the axially symmetric static electrovacuum Einstein-Maxwell equations is obtained. It can be used for the description of a massive magnetic dipole gravitational field.


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Question: Effects of general anaesthetics on the activity of the Na,K-ATPase of canine renal medulla.

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Several previous studies have reported inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity by chlorpromazine, phenobarbital and pentobarbital, thiopental, and monoketones. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of other general anaesthetics on Na,K-ATPase activity. The ATPase activity of Na,K-ATPase-enriched membranes from canine renal medulla was determined at 37 degrees C in the absence and in the presence of hexanol, diethylether, halothane, and propofol. The influence of hexanol on stimulation of Na,K-ATPase activity by Na+ and K+ was investigated. Hexanol, diethylether, halothane, and propofol inhibited the activity at 37 degrees C of the Na,K-ATPase of canine renal medulla. The IC50 values at 37 degrees C were: hexanol, 12.3 mM; diethylether, 170 mM; halothane, 7.35 mM; propofol, 0.127 mM. Hexanol increased the K0.5 of the Na,K-ATPase for K+ at 37 degrees C, but did not affect the K0.5 for Na+. At lower [K+] hexanol was a more potent inhibitor than at higher [K+].

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) 2, a food/feed contaminant in the tropics, stimulated the activity of goat erythrocyte membrane ion motive calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase). The stimulatory action was concentration-dependent, typical of a saturation kinetic effect. The degree of stimulation varied from 20% to more than 90% between the lowest (0.1 M) and highest (1000 M) contentrations. AFB1 induced changes in the apparent kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, of the erythrocyte membrane-bound enzyme. This could affect erythrocyte structure, and thus, the erythrocyte function in oxygen and delivery to the cells. Keywords: Aflatoxin B1, goat, erythrocyte membrane, Ca-ATPase


Question: Improving Salient Object via Global Contrast Combined with Color Distribution

Salient object detection has many applications for computer vision field. In this paper, we have proposed a method for improving salient object detection which is a combination of global contrast and color distribution. The proposed method has three main steps: to reduce color space, to create salient map and to increase the object quality. The main problems of previous research consist of the consumption of time and the quality of salient map. The proposed method solves two above problems. We used a large dataset to test the proposed method. The proposed method’s result is better than other methods in two points: the running time and the quality of salient map.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper
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Provided: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'This case is a comparative analysis of the strategy, accounting, performance, and valuation for two restaurant chains alternatively having a company-owned versus franchising strategy. It requires students to identify these two different strategies, and the related impact on the financial statements, assessment of current performance, and choice of comparable firms and prediction of future performance to perform the valuation.Learning Objective:Provides an introduction to valuation contrasting two different strategies in the restaurant industry: company-owned versus franchising.']" Match: "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', "Restaurant Valuation: O'Charley's and AFC"]"

Images, Windows and Operators. Methodical Fundamentals. Algorithmic Fundamentals. Coordinate Transformations and Geometrical Operators. Gray Scale Transformations and Point Operators. Window Functions and Local Operators. Global Operators. Glossary. Index.


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Question: Statistical Methods for Clinical Validation of Follow-On Companion Diagnostic Devices via an External Concordance Study

ABSTRACTTo date there are a number of FDA-approved companion diagnostics for use with specific corresponding therapeutic products. Hence, opportunities exist for device manufacturers to develop follow-on companion diagnostic devices. A follow-on companion diagnostic is intended to be used with the therapeutic product in the indicated patient population, as in the labeling of the comparator companion diagnostic. Thus, information provided by a follow-on companion diagnostic device is essential for the safe and effective use of the corresponding therapeutic product in the comparator companion diagnostic. However, the manufacturer of a follow-on companion diagnostic device may not have a therapeutic partner to conduct a new clinical trial, or there may lack the patient samples from the original clinical trial, where the comparator and therapeutic product were evaluated. As such, an external concordance study is conducted to assess the concordance between the comparator and the follow-on device. Difficulty an...

1-2 Acknowledgements 3 Introduction 5-13 Overview of Sickle Cell Disease 5 Elevated Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity 7 Elevated TRV in Children With Sickle Cell Disease 9 Treatment of Elevated Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity 10 Pathogenesis and Study of Outcomes Associated with Elevated TRV 11 Sickle Cell Nephropathy 12 Elevated TRV and Proteinuria 13 Statement of Purpose, Specific Hypotheses and Specific Aims of the Thesis 14 Methods 15-19 Patient Population 15 Echocardiography 16 Study of the Natural History of TRV in Children with Sickle Cell Disease.........17 Study to Determine if Elevated TRV is Associated with Proteinuria 18 Results 20 Study 1. Natural History of TRV in Children with Sickle Cell Disease 20 Study 2. Is Elevated TRV Associated with Proteinuria? 25 Discussion 27-32 References 33-42 Appendix 1: Publication 43-46 Appendix 2: Comment on Publication 47-48


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Question: Making Sense of Persistently High Inflation in India

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The rising prices of two product groups - primary articles and fuel - have been responsible for the build-up in headline inflation between December 2009 and August 2013. The most worrisome aspect is the high inflation in a majority of food articles in the last six years or so despite a favourable domestic food supply situation and low global food prices. Based on the analysis of the food expenditure pattern during 2004-12, this article points out that rising domestic demand pressures have contributed to a surge in the prices of six high-value food commodities - pulses, milk, egg, fish, meat and edible oil. Another possible reason for stubborn food prices is the rising cost of production of food commodities.

Farm Spending and Local Selling: How Do They Match Up?; Changing Fiscal Patterns for Minnesota County Governments


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E.g. "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'A Bidirectional Three-Phase Push–Pull Converter With Dual Asymmetrical PWM Method']" == "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'This paper proposes a new bidirectional three-phase push–pull converter that has a simple structure and achieves zero-voltage switching turn-on of switches. Also, due to use of a single inductor, an imbalance among phase currents on the low-voltage high-current side is trivial in the proposed converter although no current sharing control is employed. In this paper, a new dual asymmetrical pulse width modulation (PWM) switching method is proposed for bidirectional power flow control with seamless mode change. The proposed switching method offers reduced circulating current and makes the converter easier to implement compared to the PWM plus phase shift-based control method since it is a general PWM method having two independent duty cycle controls on each side. Experimental results from a 3-kW prototype are provided to validate the proposed concept.']" != "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.']"

Question: Web Site Building Procedure and Problems

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For example, '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:', 'In this paper, we present a framework for Shared Memory Architectures that makes designing of parallel applications easier. We use the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) approach and integrate new metamodels in Gaspard for each step of the design flow. The targeted model is an OpenMP metamodel, from which we immediately derive a source code in OpenMP Fortran or OpenMP C. This approach based on models allows a better reuse and also gives a better and more hierarchic view of the application so that it can better fit the architecture.']' should be close to '['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'A Graphical Framework for High Performance Computing Using An MDE Approach']'

The Paper introduces the genetic procedure of web site building for the minitype and medium-sized enterprises. The article also includes the problems easily easily occurred in the procedure.

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MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


Question:
represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

E.g. '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'On the Strength of the Coupling Constant and the Stability of the Vacuum']' == '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Recently in connection with the S matrix theory of strong interactions, Chew and Frautschi conjectured that the strength of the coupling constant may be determined from the unitarity condition and the postulate of the maximal analyticity of the scattering amplitude. Here it is shown, by use of the Bethe- Salpeter equation, that the upper bound of the strength of the coupling is to be determined for some simple models within the framework of quantum field theory on the postulate that the vacuum should be stable. (W.D.M.)']' != '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper\nFewshot example: "To order to achieve the application of synthetic aperture ladar (SAL) in target detection, the characteristics and strong points of SAL in returning wave signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), detecting range, synthetic aperture time and linear frequency modulation orad demodulation were theoretically analyzed based on the signal transmission model and returning wave model. The performances were compared with traditional heterodyne ladar and synthetic aperture radar(SAR). The results show that SAL has higher returning wave SNR and farther detecting range than traditional heterodyne ladar, and the imaging speed is faster than SAR, which benefit the application of SAL on long range target detecting, tracking and fast early warning." == "Target detection based on synthetic aperture ladar"', 'The Functional Integration Method Collective Excitations in Superfluid Fermi-Systems with s-Pairing Superfluid Phases in 3He The Model of 3He Collective Excitations in the B-Phase of 3He Collective Excitations in the A-Phase of 3He Stability of Goldstone Modes Influence of Dipole Interaction and Magnetic Field on Collective Excitations Influence of Electric Field on the Collective Excitations in 3He and 4He The Order Parameter Distortion and Collective Modes in 3He Collective Excitations in 2D-Phase Collective Excitations in the A1-Phase Experiments on Collective Modes in Superfluid 3He Superfluidity of Two-Dimensional and One-Dimensional Systems Bose Spectrum of Superfluid Solutions 3He-4He Novel Sound Phenomena in Impure Superfluids Collective Modes in Unconventional Superconductors Other Applications of the Theory of Collective Excitations.']'

Question: 4-Acetoxy-3-[1-(2-arylamino-1-hydroxy)ethyl]azetidin-2-one s: Intermediates for the Synthesis of Novel Carbapenems

3-Vinyl- and 3-isopropenyl-azetidin-2-ones are ::: transformed into the corresponding ::: 4-acetoxy-3-[1-(2-arylamino-1-hydroxy)ethyl]azetidin-2-ones and ::: 4-acetoxy-3-[1-(2-arylamino-1-hydroxy)propyl]azetidin-2-ones, ::: intermediates for the synthesis of novel carbapenems.

1. ::: ::: When reacted with boron trifluoride etherate, the 8-carbomethoxy- and 8-chloromethyl-6-acetyl-2, 9-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes are respectively rearranged to the 5-carbomethoxy- and 5-chloromethyl-3-γ-acetoxypropylisoxazolines. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: When reacted with BTE, 6-acetyl-8-phenyl-2,9-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane is rearranged to spiro [N-acetyl-5-phenylisoxazolidine-3,2′]tetrahydrofuran.


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Question: Multi-objective route search for electric vehicles using ant colony optimization

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In this paper, a temporal multi-objective ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed to generate the routing plan for electric vehicles to fulfill the various requirements of drivers under a time-dependent stochastic traffic environment. The algorithm optimizes the route length, traveling time, energy, battery recycling lifetime and cabin temperature integrally, and meets constraints on arrival time and state of charge limitation. Simulation experiments are conducted and three different evaluation indexes are adopted. The performance of the algorithm is compared with two other multi-objective ACO methods. The proposed algorithm is proven to process higher convergence performance, and the solutions are also widely distributed, which suggests the effectiveness of this newly presented algorithm.

The wireless sensor network has recently become an intensive research focus due to its potential applications many years. Sensor placement is one of the most important issues in wireless sensor networks. An efficient placement scheme can enhance the quality of monitoring in wireless sensor networks by increasing the coverage rate of interested area. This paper presents an efficient method based on parallel genetic algorithms to solve a sensor placement optimization problem. We modify the general master-slave parallel genetic algorithm to improve the convergence rate of this optimization method. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with genetic algorithm, general parallel genetic algorithm, and some well-known evolutionary algorithms.


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Question: Niacin deficiency and cancer in women.

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A new interest in the relationship between niacin and cancer has evolved from the discovery that the principal form of this vitamin, NAD, is consumed as a substrate in ADP-ribose transfer reactions. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, an enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks, is the ADP-ribosyltransferase of greatest interest with regard to effects on the niacin status of cells since its Km for NAD is high, and its activity can deplete NAD. Studies of the consequences of DNA damage in cultured mouse and human cells as a function of niacin status have supported the hypothesis that niacin may be a protective factor that limits carcinogenic events. To test this hypothesis in humans, we used a biochemical method based on the observation that as niacin nutriture decreases, NAD readily declines and NADP remains relatively constant. This has been demonstrated in both fibroblasts and in whole blood from humans. Thus, we use “niacin number,” (NAD/NAD+NADP) × 100% from whole blood, as a measure of niacin status. Healthy c...

Review on Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), with data on clinics, and the genes involved.


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Question: Elements underlying the specification of requirements

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------

For example, ['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Sulfide precipitation flotation of copper iron bearing acidic waste water from a large copper mine and the stimulated waste water were studied. The pH of the waste water was 2.2, with 130 mg/L Cu 2+ and 500 mg/L Fe 3+ (Fe 2+ ). Results show that, when Na 2S was added as precipitating agent, sodium butylxanthate as collector and at pH 2.0, the removal of copper could be as high as 99.7% and the residual copper decreased to 0.2 mg/L, however, almost no iron was removed. When the floated solution was neutralized to pH=8.0, more than 98% iron was precipitated and the residual iron was less than 10 mg/L. In experiment on actual mine effluents, after the use of precipitate flotation technology to recover copper and pH neutralization to precipitate iron, the treated waste water does meet the emission standards for sewage and valuable floating copper graded 37.12%. The chemical calculation and mechanism of solution were also presented.'] should be similar to ["represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract\n------\nE.g. 'Acupuncture-moxibustion Imaging Study:a New Subject for Research on Mechanism of Acupuncture-moxibustion Action and Compatibility of Points' == 'This article first proposes the idea of acupuncture-moxibustion imaging study and discusses its classification, research content, method and category. In view of shortcomings in present researches on Chinese herbs and its compound prescription, the advantages of the application of acupuncture-moxibustion imaging study into research on acupuncture-moxibustion meridians and points and the problems it will solve are dealt with to promote the introduction of modern science and new techniques and the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.' != 'Objective: to Explore Effects of Different Physical Activity Levels on the Risk of Chronic Disease among Middle-Aged Teachers in Local Universities, and to Provide Empirical Reference for the Intervention of Physical Activity in Chronic Disease among Middle-Aged Teachers and the Improvement of Quality of Life. Methods :a Total of 103 Effective Data Were Measured, Aged From45 to 59,the International Physical Activity (Pa)Questionnaire Was Adopted to Define the Levels of Pa, High Physical Activity Level Group(Hg, n=19),Moderate Physical Activity Level Group(Mg, n=47),Low Physical Activity Level Group(Lg, n=37).the Indexes of Common Cardiovascular Diseases Such as Osteoporosis and Arteriosclerosis Were Tested,One-Way Anova Was Used to Investigate the Effects of Different Levels of Pa on Indicators of Chronic Diseases among This Group, Correlation Analysis between Osteoporosis Disease Risk Factors and Pa Was Analyzed by Spearman Correlation, Using Spss19.0 Software, and the Significance Level Was P'", 'Sulfide precipitation flotation for treatment of acidic mine waste water']

As more and more complex computerdbased systems are built, it becomes increasingly more difficult to specify or visualize the system prior to its construction. One way of simplifying these tasks is to view the requirements from multiple viewpoints. However, if these viewpoints examine the requirements using different notations, how can we know if they are consistentq This paper describes the elemental concepts that underlie all requirements. By reducing each view of requirements to networks of these elemental concepts, it becomes possible to better understand the relationships among the views.

Analyze the basic theory, basic thoughts, model and implementation of the condition teaching of physics.


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Question: Some Optimal Quadrature Formulas and Error Bounds

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The corrected quadrature rules are considered and the estimations of error involving the second derivative are given. The numerical examples which provides that the approximation in corrected rule of a optimal quadrature formula in sense Nikolski is better than in the original rule are considered.

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Preface. 1. On Regularization of Linear Equations on the Basis of Perturbation Theory. 2. Investigation of Bifurcation Points of a Nonlinear Equations. 3. Regularization of Computation of Solutions in a Neighborhood of the Branch Point. 4. Iterations, Interlaced Equations and Lyapunov Conbex Majorants in Nonlinear Analysis. 5. Methods of Representation Theory and Group Analysis in Bifurcation Theory. 6. Singular Differential Equations in Banach Spaces. 7. Steady-State Solutions of the Vlasov-Maxwell System. Appendices. A: Positive solutions of the nonlinear singular boundary value problem of magnetic insulation. References. Index.


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Question: On an intermediate bivariant theory for $C^*$-algebras, I

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We construct a new bivariant theory, that we call $KE$-theory, which is intermediate between the $KK$-theory of G. G. Kasparov, and the $E$-theory of A. Connes and N. Higson. For each pair of separable graded $C^*$-algebras $A$ and $B$, acted upon by a locally compact $\sigma$-compact group $G$, we define an abelian group $KE_G(A,B)$. We show that there is an associative product $KE_G(A,D) \otimes KE_G(D,B) \to KE_G(A,B)$. Various functoriality properties of the $KE$-theory groups and of the product are presented. The new theory has a simpler product than $KK$-theory and there are natural transformations $KK_G \to KE_G$ and $KE_G \to E_G$. The complete description of these maps will form the substance of a second paper.

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E.g.:
['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The damage to and corrosion phenomena of outdoor zinc castings and promising protective coatings were investigated. The sculptures exhibit various surface corrosion products e.g. Zing oxide, carbonates and sulphates in basic chlorides. Also nitrate and phosphate were found in the corrosion crusts. Copper-plated zinc objects show corrosion pittings caused by galvanic local elements. The tearing of soldering joints, the corrosion of inner iron armatures, micro and macro fissures in the zinc sheets and grain coarsening or intercrystalline corrosion of the metal support the destabilisation and corrosive destruction of the figures. Laboratory stress tests of coating formulated for the application on zinc showed acrylics on air abraded or brushed surface and polyurethane resin on air abraded surface as the material with good conservation properties.'] == ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Conservation of cast zinc sculptures in outdoor exposure']

Using Rieffel's construction of projective modules over higher dimensional noncommutative tori, we construct projective modules over some continuous field of C*-algebras whose fibers are noncommutative tori. Using a result of Echterhoff et al., our construction gives generators of K_0 of all noncommutative tori.


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Question: Experimentally determined dynamic shears in a sixteen-story model

Summary The paper discusses the dynamic behavior of a 16-story building model representing an idealized office building. The model is subjected to “standardized” types of ground motion, and the dynamic shears between adjacent stories are measured. The rigidity of the first story is varied so that the effect of a “flexible” first story on the dynamic shears is demonstrated. It is concluded that flexibility in the first story decreases the dynamic shears everywhere in the building when the same degree of “tuning in” with the ground-motion frequency is postulated. Moreover, it is concluded that current practice design rules are in fair agreement with the shears that may be expected when the building is vibrating in or near its fundamental mode, but that current practice does not allow for shears due to the higher modes unless a comparatively flexible first story is used.

Experimental investigation into sets of fissures is conducted in brittle layer under uniform biaxial tension and in model of a mine working at contraction of points of a circle in radial direction.


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Question: The ESA's Earth Observation Open Science Program [Space Agencies]

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The world of Earth observation (EO) data is rapidly changing, driven by exponential advances in sensor and digital technologies. Recent decades have seen the development of extraordinary new ways of collecting, storing, manipulating, and transmitting data that are radically transforming the way we conduct and organize science. This convergence of technologies creates new challenges for EO scientists and data and software providers to fully exploit large amounts of multivariate data from diverse sources. At the same time, these technological trends also generate huge opportunities to better understand our planet and turn big data into new types of information services. This article briefly describes some of the elements of the European Space Agency's (ESA) EO Open Science program, which aims to enable the digital transformation of the EO community and make the most of the large, complex, and diverse data delivered by the new generation of EO missions, such as the Copernicus Sentinels.

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14 slides.-- Presentation delivered at the Topic Session "CRIS in a University IT Environment (II)"


Question: WiZizz: Energy efficient bandwidth management in IEEE 802.11ac wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a new power save operation as well as the corresponding protocol, called WiFi in Zizz (WiZizz), which judiciously exploits the characteristic of the channel bonding defined in IEEE 802.11ac and efficiently handles the channel bandwidth in an on-demand manner to minimize the traumatic energy spent by IEEE 802.11ac devices. Our extensive measurement and simulation show significant performance improvement (up to 73% energy saving) over a wide range of communication scenarios. In addition, the feasibility of easy implementation is demonstrated by a prototype with a commercial 802.11ac device. To the best of our knowledge, WiZizz is the first IEEE 802.11ac-congenial energy efficient bandwidth management while other existing approaches require costly modifications of the IEEE 802.11ac specification.

The 1st International Workshop on Decentralized Resource Sharing in Mobile Computing and Networking aims to provide a forum where researchers from the wireless networking community and the distributed systems community can discuss and present new research relevant to the intersection between the two communities. In particular, MobiShare focuses on the applicability and transfer of decentralized/peer-to-peer techniques to multihop wireless networks (wireless mesh networks, opportunistic (ad hoc) extensions to the Internet, vehicular networks, etc.).


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Question: Top-down proteomics reveals novel protein forms expressed in methanosarcina acetivorans

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Using both automated nanospray and online liquid chromatography mass spectrometry LC-MS strategies, 99 proteins have been newly identified by top-down tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in Methanosarcina acetivorans, the methanogen with the largest known genome [5.7 mega base pairs (Mb)] for an Archaeon. Because top-down MS/MS was used, 15 proteins were detected with mispredicted start sites along with an additional five from small open reading frames (SORFs). Beyond characterization of these more common discrepancies in genome annotation, one SORF resulted from a rare start codon (AUA) as the initiation site for translation of this protein. Also, a methylation on a 30S ribosomal protein (MA1259) was localized to Pro59–Val69, contrasting sharply from its homologue in Escherichia coli (rp S12) known to harbor an unusual β-thiomethylated aspartic acid residue.

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For instance, <<['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The integration of feature selection techniques within the modeling process of a time series forecaster can improve dealing with some usual important problems in this type of tasks, such as noise reduction, the curse of dimensionality and reducing the complexity of both the problem and the solution. In this paper we show how a convenient combination of feature selection procedures with soft computing techniques can be used to solve satisfactorily a real world problem. The problem is a rather hard one and consists of forecasting the amount of incoming calls for an emergency call center, so that the center managers can make a better resource planning.']>>  to "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Feature Selection for Time Series Forecasting: A Case Study']"

The methanotrophic bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) grows on pure methane. However, in a single cell protein production process using natural gas as methane source, a bacterial consortium is necessary to support growth over longer periods in continuous cultures. In different bioreactors of Norferm Danmark A/S, three bacteria consistently invaded M. capsulatus cultures growing under semi-sterile conditions in continuous culture. These bacteria have now been identified as a not yet described member of the Aneurinibacillus group, a Brevibacillus agri strain, and an acetate-oxidiser of the genus Ralstonia. The physiological roles of these bacteria in the bioreactor culture growing on natural, non-pure methane gas are discussed. The heterotrophic bacteria do not have the genetic capability to produce either the haemolytic enterotoxin complex HBL or non-haemolytic enterotoxin.


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Question: The train has left: Can surgeons still get a ticket to treat structural heart disease?

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Abstract With the disruptive advancement of catheter-based technologies and minimally invasive techniques in structural heart disease, surgeons must obtain necessary skills to continue to serve this large patient population. We believe that surgeons are uniquely positioned to offer the full spectrum of therapy in structural heart disease (transcatheter, minimally invasive, and complex redo interventions), making them comprehensive valve specialists. Given the variability in structural heart training, we urgently recommend the establishment of a standardized curriculum and pathways for surgical trainees to gain proficiency in transcatheter technologies.

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Could advances in diagnostics and digital technologies help to make patients equal partners in their care? Where does that leave doctors’ role? Jacqui Wise reports


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Question: Physical characterization of succinylated type I collagen by Raman spectra and MALDI-TOF/MS and in vitro evaluation for biomedical applications

Abstract In this study, we report on physical and in vitro biological characterization of succinylated collagen (SC). SC was prepared by succinylation of type I bovine tendon collagen. SC swells and dissolves in physiological pH buffers (pH 7.4) Biocompatibility of SC to collagen for fibroblasts was comparable but L6 myoblasts showed pronounced proliferation and differentiation with SC. Using the MALDI-TOF/MS technique, SC was found with increased molecular mass by 16,359 Da per molecule which corresponds to about 54 succinyl groups covalently linked to the collagen strand. Raman spectroscopy revealed the retention of triple helical structure conformation in the presence of linked succinyl groups. New peaks near 1737, 1675 and 1420 cm −1 and decreased intensities near 2440 and 488 cm −1 provides the most convenient marker bands for succinylation of collagen. The intense band regions near 2856–2934, 2724, and 1445 cm −1 also confirms the existence of succinyl groups.

Silk sericin is the gum-like protein surrounding the fibroin in silk fibers, and generally it is removed during the fiber processing to produce fabrics. Like other silk proteins, the silk of tasar silkworms is also composed of sericin and fibroin. In this study tasar silk sericin was extracted and was confirmed to be a 70 KDa protein by SDS PAGE. The use of sericin in the field of biomedical applications has increased their use for various purposes, the extracted silk sericin was pegylated with activated PEG (MW 5000) and the conjugated product was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, CD, DSC, XRD, and AF TEM and self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared.


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Question: Antibody Response against the Type Specific Capsular Polysaccharide in Pneumococcal Pneumonia Measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for estimation of the IgG and IgM antibody responses against 13 type specific pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides, individually and in a pool, in 52 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and in 20 control patients with non-pneumococcal pneumonia or enterobacterial septicemia. By use of the isolated type 3 polysaccharide as antigen a ≥50% increase in absorbance from acute to convalescence phase serum, equivalent to a doubling in antibody titer, was seen significantly more often in 22 patients with type 3 pneumococcal pneumonia than in the 20 control patients (for IgG 14 vs. 3, p< 0.01; for IgM 14 vs. 4, p< 0.01). However, for an acceptable degree of specificity to be obtained (≤10% control patients positive) a doubling of the IgG or IgM absorbance values had to be demanded. With this criterium only half of the patients infected with pneumococcal types included in the antigen set up used, showed a type specific antibody response and only one third of a...

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Section One Methods and Problems in Immunochemistry.- 1 Electrophoresis and Immunoelectrophoresis.- 2 Radial immunodiffusion and rocket Immunoelectrophoresis.- 3 Automated immunoprecipitation and laser nephelometry.- 4 Antiserum requirements.- 5 Problems encountered in immunochemical technique methodology.- 6 Specific protein measurement and standardization.- 7 Quality control.- Section Two Specific Proteins in Laboratory Diagnosis.- 8 Structure and function of the immunoglobulins.- 9 Immunoglobulins in blood transfusion.- 10 Monoclonal proteins.- 11 Iron binding proteins.- 12 Albumin.- 13 The complement system.- 14 Alphafetoprotein in obstetrics.- 15 Alphafetoprotein in oncology.- 16 ?1-Antitrypsin.- 17 Haptoglobin and orosomucoid in lung and breast tumours.- Section Three Immunochemistry of Other Body Fluids.- 18 Urinary proteins.- 19 Immunochemistry of CSF proteins.- Discussion.


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Question: The method of forming a polysilicon layer, a thin film transistor, a display device and manufacturing method

The present invention discloses a method of forming a polycrystalline silicon layer, a thin film transistor (the TFT), and a device manufacturing method. The method of forming a polycrystalline silicon layer comprises the steps of: providing a substrate; forming a buffer layer on a substrate; forming an amorphous silicon layer on the buffer layer; forming a groove in the amorphous silicon layer; forming a capping layer on the amorphous silicon layer; forming a metal catalyst layer on the capping layer; and annealing the substrate and the amorphous silicon layer is crystallized into a seed region having adjacent grooves formed in the polysilicon layer.

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PURPOSE: A system in-packaging method of a semi-active focal plane array(SA-FPA) sensor using a diode switching process is provided to attach an SA-FPA sensor chip and an output control integrated circuit chip on the same wafer level by separately arranging the SA-FPA sensor chip and the output control integrated circuit chip, thereby detecting a malfunction of an output control integrated circuit in beforehand. CONSTITUTION: An insulating film(110) is laminated on a substrate(100). An ROIC(Read-Out Integrated Circuit) cap(120) and a bolometer array cap(130) are arranged side by side on the surface of the insulating film. The ROIC cap packages an output control integrated circuit chip. The bolometer array cap packages a bolometer array. An ROIC and the substrate are connected to each other using a wire bonding process and/or a flip chip bonding process.


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Question: Study on the Development Status and Countermeasure of Xinjiang Jujube Industry

Based on the survey for Xinjiang jujube industry status,the main problems of Xinjiang jujube industry were discussed,including large differences between varieties,unreasonable planting area distribution,incomplete industry chain,increasing pressure on the growth of local enterprises,imperfect agricultural social service system,low level industrial organization,inadequate brand maintenance,imperfect marketing system,remote geographic,inconvenient transportation,ethnic enclaves,difficult investment,surge trends of supply,market price with risk,limited scale of other agricultural products,increasing risk of agricultural industrialization,not obvious income effect,a decline in value of contribution.To promote the development of Xinjiang jujube industry healthily,faster and effectively,some countermeasures like adjust the industry structure,support the development of local agriculture enterprises,stronger the jujube brand strategy,perfect social service system of agriculture were put forward.

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The synthetic technologies, producers and applications of profenofos and deltamethrin are detailed. The profenofos producers located in China are as follows: Inner Mongolia Hongyu Pesticide Co., Ltd, Taiyuan Chemical Industry Group Phosphate Fertilizer Factory, Nantong Dyestuff Plant, Yixing Biochemical Plant, Qingdao Pesticide Plant and Jining Chemical Experiment Plant. The enterprises producing deltamethrin are Aogefu (Tianjin) Co., Ltd, Hubei Sanonda Co., Ltd. Tianmen Agrochemical Plant, Tongshan Pesticide Plant, Wujin No.3 Pesticide Plant, Redsun Group Co., Ltd, Changzhou Fenghua Pesticide Plant,Jiangsu Bailing Pesticide Factory, Zhejiang Welldone Chemicals Co.,Ltd.


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Question: Notice of RetractionDeveloping Chinese low-carbon economy: Based on the triple helix theory

As a kind of economic structure based on low-carbon emissions, low consumption and pollution, low-carbon economy is the most important way to shift the growth pattern and lifestyles from high energy consumption, high material consumption and high emission to the sustainable development models. Triple helix of University-Industry-Government, since 1996 (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, 1996) has been a model for innovation. It refers to the interactions among the institutions and the dynamics to achieve innovation, and then can provide a better reference framework of organization system for low-carbon economic growth. The essay uses survey method and other research methods to apply triple helix theory to conceive the development of low-carbon economy in China. We should rely on the guidance of government, the practice of industry and the promotion from universities based on the triple helix theory.

ABSTRACTThis paper applies a knowledge-based approach to study the role of circular economy (CE) for sustainable development. An analysis of publications from practice-oriented CE advocates is depl...


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Question: Improvement in Radio‐Sounding Balloons: A Short Cycle Radiosonde

A new radiosonde has been constructed. Every four seconds it transmits information as to pressure, temperature and relative humidity. The thermometer scale, from −60°C to +40°C, is divided into 100 equal divisions of 1°C each. The barometer scale is divided into 100 divisions, corresponding to equal increments of height (850 feet each, up to 85,000 feet). The scale of the hygrometer is divided into 50 equal divisions. Provided that the thermometer and the barometer themselves follow the changes of the weather elements with sufficient accuracy, this means that the maximum error of the thermometer is ±0.5°C and the maximum error of the barometer 425 feet (the average errors being only half as great). Because of the fact that the cycle of readings is only four seconds long, each reading is repeated many times in succession. This allows one to estimate temperature and altitude within about 0.1 percent of the total range of the scale of each instrument. The carrier wave is modulated and the signals are given i...

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Abstract : Contents: Routing and Acknowledgement Schemes for the Packet Radio System; System Capacity and Data Rate Considerations; Radio frequency Channel Capacity Considerations; Measurement Program for Packet Radio Channel Characterization; Dynamically Allocated Multiple-Channel Network Concept; Notes on Radar Test; Modulation Waveform Types; Synchronization Preambles; Impact of Channet Options on Repeater Design; Power Budget Analysis; Powers Sources for Repeaters and Terminals; Criteria of Code Selection in Minimum Shift Keyer Sense; and Microprocessor Components.


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Question: Mega trends in business create mega changes for training and education

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the input', 'The classical Hotelling game is played on a line segment whose points represent uniformly distributed clients. The n players of the game are servers who need to place themselves on the line segment, and once this is done, each client gets served by the player closest to it. The goal of each player is to choose its location so as to maximize the number of clients it attracts.']" should be close to "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Hotelling Games with Random Tolerance Intervals']"

Four mega-trends for business organizations are clearly emerging: globalization, computerization, information economy, and management. These mega-trends will have a profound impact on the human resources of business organizations, particularly related to new skill requirements that will be more complex, more in-depth, and broader in scope. New skill requirements, coupled with new technological advances in the delivery of employee development programs, will have significant ramifications for internal training departments and educational institutions. This paper explores the ramifications for those involved in the training and education of employees in business organizations.

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IBP exposes a need for adoptions of organizational structures and a need for new capabilities and skill sets. We explain briefly the role of internal and external talent acquisition, elements of talent retention, and career development which you should consider in organizational design. We set emphasis on the importance of IBP organizational design as key success factor in the sustainability of the IBP transformation. Many companies rely on projects and do not create IBP CoE or needed leadership to make IBP happen but even more important to make IBP a living organism adapting to new business challenges and helping organization to sustain achieved change and evolve its maturity. We bring to your attention the potential role of IBP Center of Expertise models and fundamental role of leadership.


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Question: Feedback Invariants of Restrictions. A Polynomial Approach

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Abstract The possible feedback invariants of a linear time-invariant dynamical system, represented by a pair of matrices (A, B), are studied when the only information about the system is that it has an (A, B)-invariant subspace, S, whose restriction is an autonomous system and the quotient is controllable.

Foreword - Philip K. Maini List of Figures List of Notation Introduction and Outline On the Origin of Patterns Mathematical Modeling of Biological Pattern Formation Cellular Automata Random Movement Growth Processes Adhesive Cell Interaction Alignment and Cellular Swarming Pigment Cell Pattern Formation Tissue and Tumor Development Turing Patterns and Excitable Media Discussion and Outlook Appendix A. Growth Processes: A Mean-Field Equation Appendix B. Turing Patterns Appendix C. Excitable Media: Complete Interaction Rule Appendix D. Isotropy, Lattices, and Tensors References Index


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Question: Ray tracing for ophthalmic optics: specific developments for GRIN materials

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In this work we present the developments for the simulation of image formation through an ophthalmic lens. The procedure is, essentially an exact ray tracing taking into account the particular mobility conditions of the exit pupil. This leads to the computation of astigmatism as a function of the field angle considered. In the computer program, the use of a commercial glass with a gradient in the refractive index (GRIN material) is foreseen. This latter feature proves to be useful for two practical objectives: modifying the power and the astigmatism of the lens. To illustrate these points, an example based on a lens made by deforming a plane parallel plate of GRIN material will be presented.

From automotive headlamps to zoom lenses, traditional lens design codes fall short when modelling both imaging and nonimaging aspects of complex optical systems.


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Question: Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl Hydrazine with Phase Transfer Catalysis

4-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl hydrazine was synthesized using 4-chloro-2-fluoroaniline as raw material by the reaction of diazotization,reduction,acid and alkaline hydrolysis.PEG-400 was used as phase transfer catalyst(PTC) in the process of diazotization while CH3COOH was chosen as cosolvent.The total yield of 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl hydrazine was 74%.The influence of the amount of catalyst,reaction temperature of reduction and hydrolysis on yield of 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl hydrazine was investigated.The corresponding reaction temperatures of diazotization,reduction and hydrolysis were chosen to be 0 ℃,75 ℃ and 85 ℃.The optimized conditions were as follows: n(4-chloro-2-fluoroaniline)∶n(NaNO2)∶n(HCl)∶n(NaHSO3)= 1∶1.05∶3∶2.20(molar ratio),m(4-chloro-2-fluoroaniline)∶m(PEG-400)=1∶0.03(mass ratio).

This account relates our quest for effective syntheses of 3-acyltetramic acids and also presents examples of our group’s increasing audacity to tackle the more intricate structural varieties of this compound class. 1 Introduction 2 A New Wittig-Based Access to Tetramic Acids 3 3-Acyltetramic Acids with Linear Side Chains 4 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acids 5 O - and N -Glycosylated 3-Acyltetramic Acids 6 Macrocyclic 3-Acyltetramic Acids 7 Miscellaneous Reactions 8 Whither to go from Here?


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Question: Ultraviolet (uv), and plasma enhanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method

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The present invention, for the tape production of HTS-coated, high-throughput, ultraviolet (UV) excitation metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The UV excitation MOCVD system of the present invention, the deposition zone is irradiated, including a UV light source for improving the film growth rate. The MOCVD system further to optimize the reaction rate, increase the excitation of the precursor vapor, utilizing the air conventional dioxygen (O In another embodiment, microwave plasma injector, an alternative of the UV light source.

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Jenano research group studies various fields, it focuses on nanotechnology and related processes (e.g.atomic layer deposition (ALD), cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS), machining (heat pipe and manufacturing fields), renewable energy and engineering (solar, ge


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Question: Principle and Stability Analysis of Thermorelay Bimetallic Element

The principle that the bimetallic element affected by the heat bends was introduced. Mathematical models of displacement and thrust were bulit. The bimetallic element was investigated by the coupled thermalelectrical-mechanical analysis with finite element analysis software Ansys. The images of displacement and stress were obtained. The welded bimetallic element was heat treated and heat verified. The results show that the performance of thermo relay trip system meets with the requirement,and it also proves the veracity of stability analysis.

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This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Hazards For Fiber Optics In The Medical Application Environment

Fiber optic devices such as endoscopes have been in general use in the medical field for some time. More recently many doctors and instrument companies have begun developing fiber optic sensing systems and fiber optic laser power delivery systems to accomplish less traumatic surgery or localized irradiation treatment. These new systems are primarily single fibers rather than the coherent fiber bundles used in endoscopes, and thus the effects of the environments the fiber will encounter during fabrication/preparation, and during storage and use, must be considered more thoroughly. The changes arising from sterilization procedures and power delivery, specifically those associated with the fiber's strength and some of the effects related to optical degradation, will be discussed. Often the fiber must meet unique strength, fatigue and optical criteria to provide satisfactory performance in the particular medical application.

Proposal For Development Of Artificial Oxygenators For Relief And Treatment Of Chronic Lung Diseases, 1977.


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Question: Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Reaction-Bonded Carbon Fiber/Si/SiC Composites

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"['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract Last year, Mexico’s Supreme Court issued a momentous decision pertaining to the so-called legislative omission. It represented a groundbreaking judgment not only for its effects on freedom of speech and of the press and separation of powers in Mexico, but also – and perhaps more saliently- for its implications in the way in which the Court is asserting its powers in interpreting the Constitution.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about:', 'Mexican Supreme Court: Legislative Omission – Analysis on Congress’ Failure to Enact Legislation Regulating Official Advertising in Mexico']"

Two types of low-density carbon/carbon preforms which had different fiber volume fractions and fiber orientations, i.e., a carbon woven fabric (≈55vol%)/carbon and a chopped carbon fiber (≈40vol%)/carbon composites, were reaction-bonded with a silicon melt at 1750°C in vacuum to fabricate dense carbon fiber/Si/SiC composites. The reaction-bonding process increased the density to -2.1g/cm3 from 1.6 and 1.15g/cm3 for carbon woven and chopped carbon preforms, respectively. All of the composites fractured with extensive fiber pullout. The higher the density, the higher the stiffness and proportional limit stress. The carbon woven fabric/Si/SiC composites with a density of 2.06g/cm3 exhibited a -120MPa ultimate strength and a -80MPa proportional limit in bending test.

Announcement Concerning Article RetractionThe following paper has been withdrawn from the database of Mater. Trans., because a description based on a misinterpretation of the experimental results was found by the authors in advance of publication after acceptance.Mater.Trans. 52(2011) Advance view.Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Biomedical β-Type Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy while Maintaining Low Young’s Modulus through Optimizing ω-Phase Precipitation


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Question: A method for preparing a multi-layered polymeric composite and a multi-layered composite produced thereby

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The present invention relates to a process for preparing a capstock layer, the method of the ground floor of a multi-layer manufacturing a multilayer polymeric composites of the capstock layer, and each cap is formed from which the stock layer and multi-layer composite body comprising a comb copolymer.

The present invention relates to an acoustical tile that includes a core and a surface treatment. The surface treatment comprises a formaldehyde-free latex binder, the binder including at least one formaldehyde-free biocide. The present invention also provides a process of manufacturing an acoustical tile.


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Question: $\omega$-limit sets for porous medium equation with initial data in some weighted spaces

We discuss the $\omega$-limit set for the Cauchy problem of the porous medium ::: equation with initial data in some weighted spaces. Exactly, we show that there ::: exists some relationship between the $\omega$-limit set of the rescaled initial ::: data and the $\omega$-limit set of the spatially rescaled version of solutions. ::: We also give some applications of such a relationship.

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Uniform estimates are obtained for the monotone approximation of the functions from the generalized Babenko classes.


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Question: A genetic algorithm designed for robot trajectory planning

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In this work, we deal with a class of problem of trajectory planning taking into account the smoothness of the trajectory. We assume that we have a set of positions in which the robot must pass. These positions are not assigned in the time axis. This kind of result can be found in many works of trajectory planning. Thus, this result is not complete in the sense that we do not have the complete trajectory and, we do not have any idea about the whole time to move. In this work, we propose a formulation of this problem, where the total length of the trajectory and the total time to move from the initial to the final position are minimized simultaneously. In order to avoid abrupt movement, we should ensure the smoothness of the trajectory at the position, the velocity and the acceleration levels. Thus, the position function must be at least two times differentiable. We use a genetic algorithm to resolve this problem and we show the efficiency of the proposed technique by simulation.

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Presents a tool for designing locomotion plans and controlling their execution, suited for mobile robots with an extensive set of command and perception primitives. The use of this tool is illustrated by its application to RAMI, a four-tiltable-track robot fitted to a large scope of applications requiring high locomotion agility. A discussion of plan robustness follows, based on a locomotion plan example. >


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Question: Deformation twinning in LiAlO2 at elevated temperatures

Abstract High temperature compressive tests were carried out on γ-LiAlO 2 single crystals along their [1 0 0] and [0 0 1] directions. It was found that the LiAlO 2 crystal deformed via a twinning process while compressed along [1 0 0]. The twinning elements for the observed deformation twin are summarized as K 1 : ( 1 1 ¯ 2 ) , K 2 : ( 1 ¯ 1 2 ) , η 1 : [ 1 ¯ 1 1 ] , η 2 : [ 1 1 ¯ 1 ] , and s = 0.305. No dislocation slips were observed associated with the twinning. When the crystal was compressed along [0 0 1], no twins but cracks were observed.

Resistively heated diamond-anvil cells have been used together with synchrotron x-ray diffraction to investigate the phase diagram of calcium up to 50 GPa and 800 K. The phase boundaries between th ...