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Question: Neurological features and computed tomography of the brain in children with ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency.

The clinical features and the computed tomographic appearances of the brain in seven children with ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency are described. Episodic vomiting and drowsiness, acute encephalopathy, failure to thrive and developmental retardation were common, but focal neurological symptoms and signs were also observed. The CT appearances were non-specific with generalised or focal changes. They were related to the severity, the duration and the age of onset of the hyperammonaemia. Since the CT changes may suggest conditions other than metabolic disease, the emergency investigation of a child with an encephalopathy should include the estimation of plasma ammonium and, if elevated, the appropriate investigations to establish the cause.

. A Japanese neonate with fatal pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is described. The patient lapsed into a coma shortly after birth with severe metabolic acidosis caused by accumulation of lactate and pyruvate. Hyperammonemia was also present and found to be the cause of the coma. Despite intensive treatment, the patient died at 93 hours of age. Enzyme study showed that the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase was not detected in either the liver or the kidneys. This is the third reported case of fatal pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and hyperammonemia is described for the first time in this condition.


Question: On Teaching of Ancient Chinese History in Environment of Information Technology

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We can think teaching of the ancient chinese history in the environment of information technology in two aspects.Firstly,the teacher must improve his methodology.He not only has traditional skills,but also use the modern information technology.Secondly,the teacher must change his teaching ideas,must explore and practice the investigative teaching.

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Contents: Virtual Worlds - History of Virtual Worlds - Virtual Worlds and Language Learning Theory - Varieties of Virtual World Environments - Language Learning in Second Life.


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Question: Method of production of packaging materials made of the control device

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The present disclosure relates to a filling and sealing machine, particularly to a method to change one or more parameters of the machine. The method includes identifying the feed material for use with fill and seal machine configurations, such as by receiving a user input, the characteristic of automatic detection material and / or receive data on such characteristics of the material from the sensor. Once identified configuration, the method comprising receiving a selection of the feed material and the configuration of the feed material is pre-stored corresponding manufacturing method of determining a set value or one or more machine operating parameters of the production method wherein .

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A process for preparing a millboard material for the manufacture of glass pulling roll, the millboard material through burning, reduce or eliminate to the maximum extent of the weight loss during operation. Also disclosed is a method of making and using such a pulling roll.


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Question: On the Entropy Change in the Course of the Biological Evolution

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This paper briefly summaries the definition and the principle of entropy.And it holds that the entropy is a dialectical dynamic course in the biological evolution.

Foreword - Philip K. Maini List of Figures List of Notation Introduction and Outline On the Origin of Patterns Mathematical Modeling of Biological Pattern Formation Cellular Automata Random Movement Growth Processes Adhesive Cell Interaction Alignment and Cellular Swarming Pigment Cell Pattern Formation Tissue and Tumor Development Turing Patterns and Excitable Media Discussion and Outlook Appendix A. Growth Processes: A Mean-Field Equation Appendix B. Turing Patterns Appendix C. Excitable Media: Complete Interaction Rule Appendix D. Isotropy, Lattices, and Tensors References Index


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Question: Performance of nanofluid-cooled shell and tube gas cooler in transcritical CO2 refrigeration systems

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Abstract The theoretical performance analyses of the nanofluid cooled shell-and-tube gas cooler in transcritical CO 2 refrigeration cycle have been done to study the performance improvement of gas cooler as well as CO 2 cycle using Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , CuO and Cu nanofluids and effects of various design and operating parameters. Use of nanofluid as coolant in shell-and-tube gas cooler of CO 2 cycle improves the gas cooler effectiveness, cooling capacity and COP without penalty of pumping power. The CO 2 cycle yields best performance using Al 2 O 3 –H 2 O as coolant in shell-and-tube gas cooler followed by TiO 2 –H 2 O, CuO–H 2 O and Cu–H 2 O. The maximum cooling COP improvement of transcritical CO 2 cycle for Al 2 O 3 –H 2 O is 26.0%, whereas that for TiO 2 –H 2 O is 24.4%, for CuO–H 2 O is 20.7% and for Cu–H 2 O is 16.5% for the given ranges of study. Study shows that the nanofluid may effectively use as coolant in shell-and-tube gas cooler to improve the performance of transcritical CO 2 refrigeration cycle.

Thermochemical sorption refrigeration powered by low-grade thermal energy is one of the energy-saving and environment friendly green refrigeration technologies. The operation principle of sorption refrigeration system is based on the thermal effects of reversible physicochemical reaction processes between sorbents and refrigerants. This paper presents the developing study on the different thermochemical sorption refrigeration cycles, and some representative high-efficient thermochemical sorption refrigeration cycles were evaluated and analyzed based on the conventional single-effect sorption cycle. These advanced sorption refrigeration cycles mainly include the heat and mass recovery sorption cycle, double-effect sorption cycle, multi-effect sorption cycle, combined double-way sorption cycle, and double-effect and double-way sorption cycle with internal heat recovery. Moreover, the developing tendency of the thermochemical sorption refrigeration is also predicted in this paper.


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Question: Mass transfer and kinetics of ion exchange

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These papers were written by leading scientists and technologists working in the field of ion exchange, and they discuss the synthesis, equilibria, transport phenomena, kinetics and design of ion exchange resins and membranes, both systematically and progressively. This volume also reflects recent developments in the field, with sections dealing with novel areas of application for ion exchange, such as, pollution control, energy conservation and the recovery and recycling of non-renewable materials.

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Potential applications of flameless atomic absorption high-pressure liquid chromatograph are diverse, dependent upon solid phase materials and eluents, sample types, and separation conditions. Quantitative characterization of the stability constants, kinetics of dissociation of metal complexes and complexation of natural waters appear possible in toxicity and biological uptake studies.


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Question: Islamization of Iranian Society

I began this section with two distinctive observations that were made centuries apart, however both are extremely revealing. First, Ibn Khaldun offers a reason as to why Persians plunged into disintegration:

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History government and politics social groups the Welfare State the State and the economy the cultural dimension Denmark and the world.


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Question: Strict Geometry of Interaction Graph Models

We study a class of “wave-style” Geometry of Interaction (GoI) λ-models based on the category Rel of sets and relations. Wave GoI models arise when Abramsky’s GoI axiomatization, which generalizes Girard’s original GoI, is applied to a traced monoidal category with the categorical product as tensor, using “countable power” as the traced strong monoidal functor !. Abramsky hinted that the category Rel is the basic setting for traditional denotational “static semantics”. However, Rel, together with the cartesian product, apparently escapes Abramsky’s original GoI construction. Here we show that Rel can be axiomatized as a strict GoI situation, i.e. a strict variant of Abramsky’s GoI situation, which gives rise to a rich class of strict graph models. These are models of restrictedλ-calculi in the sense of [HL99], such as Church’s λ-I-calculus and the λβ KN -calculus.

These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


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Question: 2009 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference Awards Comments by the Chairman

It is a longstanding tradition of the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) to honor the Outstanding Conference Paper and the Outstanding Data Workshop Presentation. In recent years recognition has also been given to the best paper presented and first-authored by an IEEE Student Member. The awards process not only rewards authors for particularly high quality and important work, but also encourages all authors to produce presentations and manuscripts of high technical quality, clarity of presentation, and significance to the community.

Remarks at the Economic Press Briefing on Private For-Profit Institutions in Higher Education, New York City.


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Question: A method, an apparatus and a computer-readable medium for indexing a document for document retrieval

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Various embodiments provide a method for indexing a document for document retrieval. The document may include: generating a document vector indicating if each of a plurality of terms are present in the document; calculating a document semantic inference vector for each of the plurality of terms present in the document using the document vector and a semantic relation matrix, the semantic relation matrix identifying semantic relationships between different terms of the plurality of terms; and, indexing the document using a document semantic context inference vector calculated based on the document semantic inference vectors. Various embodiments provide a corresponding apparatus and computer readable medium.

Abstract: A technical system for emulating user interaction in a computer-aided design data exchange environment is disclosed. In one embodiment, a system includes a computer-aided design module that provides a graph-design function, a graph image server that communicates with the computer-aided design module, a cursor device, a display device, a graph image server and a computer-aided design module. A proxy that is communicatively connected to the proxy, captures data and control signals between the proxy, evaluates the data and control signals captured by the proxy, emulates user interaction with a computer-aided design module, and performs computer-aided design. It comprises an interpreter that sends data and control signals addressed to the module. Also disclosed are methods for accomplishing the same, both involving an intermediate interpreter.


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Question: Moderator for Chinese Firms Internationalization:Exploitation and Exploration Perspective

This paper extends the prior usage of the model of exploitation and exploration provided by March(1991) from its original organizational learning perspective to a broader perspective that the activities are adapted by firms for finding international market opportunities.Drawing on the exploitation-exploration framework,this paper attempts to analyze how network and international market orientation influence the international speed and scope,how these international activities are shaped by China institutional environment.In the dynamic process of network,the paper also investigates the relationship between network and international market orientation.

Volume I: Theory of the Multinational Enterprises Volume II: Joint Ventures and Modes of Entry Volume III: Strategic Management of Multinationals Volume IV: Multinationals in a Social and Regional Context


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Question: Gas Sensor MEMS Platform for Harsh Conditions

We present a novel approach to the fabrication of MEMS devices, which can be used for gas sensors operating in harsh environment in wireless and autonomous information systems. MEMS platforms based on ZrO2/Y2O3 (YSZ) and alumina membranes are applied in these devices. The methods of fabrication of these ceramic MEMS devices are considered. It is shown that the application of such membranes permits a decrease in MEMS power consumption at 450 0 C down to ~75 mW at continuous heating and down to ~ 1 mW at pulse heating of gas sensor. The application of the platforms is not restricted by gas sensors: they can be used for fast thermometers, bolometric matrices, flowmeteres and other MEMS devices working under harsh environmental conditions.

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Abstract : Partial contents:Problem Statement, Technical Objective, Technical Background Current Coatings, Technical Background, Technical Background - Polysiloxane, Technical Background - Polyuretidione, Technical Background Cyclic Carbonate, Technical Approach, Task 1 Benchmarking, Task 2 Initial Formulation Development, Task 3 Initial CARC Testing, Task 4 Targeted Development, Chemspeed Autoplant A100TM, Task 5 Formulation CARC Testing, Task 6 Optimization, Task 8 Transition Planning, Year 1 Project Plan, Overall Project Plan, Project Funding, Deliverables.


Question: Pneumoperitoneum caused by tubo-ovarian abscess in an elderly patient

Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract may present with abdominal pain and imaging demonstrating pneumoperitoneum. These findings usually require exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis and treatment. Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease presenting as an encapsulated inflammatory mass, but it can occasionally involve other pelvic organs. TOA is most commonly seen in females of reproductive age. Here we report a case of a 63-year-old female presenting with abdominal pain, fever and vomiting. Chest x rays and computed tomography scan revealed pneumoperitoneum. Emergent exploratory laparotomy was performed, and the findings were consistent with TOA and intact bowel. The patient recovered well after surgery with antibiotic therapy. In conclusion, while pneumoperitoneum is mostly caused by perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, other possibilities such as gynecological complications should be considered.

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E.g. ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Background and Aims: Previous studies have found association between cognitive development at 4 years old and several early life determinants such as maternal social class, maternal smoking during ...'] == ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', '4-YEAR-OLD NEURODEVELOPMENT AND EARLY LIFE DETERMINANTS ARE LONGITUDINALLY ASSOCIATED TO 11-YEAR-OLD ATTENTION FUNCTION']

Transmural migration of a sponge without symptoms of peritonitis is very rare. We report a case of a retained surgical sponge in the abdominal cavity, which caused intestinal obstruction 1 month after


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Question: An overview: Context-dependent acoustic modeling for LVCSR

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is used for accurate and efficient conversion of speech signal into a text message. Generally, speech signal is taken as input and it is processed at front-end to extract features and then computed at back-end using the GMM model. GMM mixture selection is quite important depending upon the size of dataset. As for concise vocabulary, use of triphone based acoustic modeling exhibit good results but for large size vocabulary, quinphones (quadraphones) based acoustic modeling is expected to give better performance. This paper presents an overview to use quinphones based acoustic modeling to reduce error rate.

The robustness and intelligibility of automatic speech recognition system (ASR) is a great challenge still today due to the variability involved with acoustic signals. Almost all the speech processing systems usually support noise free environments and are designed to recognize the words from predefined vocabulary. However, in the real world environment, out of vocabulary words (OOVs) as well as the background interference are the major sources of errors in recognizing the spontaneously spoken utterances. a novel approach by using speech enhancement technique such as RASTA at front-end and confidence measuring at back-end, to cope with noise and OOVs collectively is proposed in this paper. This new framework combines the long and short term features, and by taking the advantages of neural networks and statistical Gaussian mixtures by joining them in a single system. The experimental results, applied on Hindi language show a significant improvement over conventional system.


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Question: Granular L10 FePt (0 0 1) thin films for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording

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Abstract Granular L1 0 FePt (0 0 1) thin films were deposited on a Si substrate with Ta/MgO underlayers by rf sputtering. The effects of in-situ heating temperatures (350–575 °C), pressures (2–40 mTorr), and sputtering powers (15–75 W) on texture and microstructure were investigated for the FePt films. We obtained films with grain densities approaching 50 teragrains per in. 2 , grains sizes down to 2.2 nm with center-to-center spacing of 4.2 nm and coercivity of 24 kOe. The order parameters for the L1 0 FePt thin films were derived and calculated to be as high as 0.91. Although the grain size is small, the spacing between grains is too large for practical heat assisted magnetic recording media. To reach the desired results, we propose that layer-by-layer growth should be promoted in the FePt layer by inserting another underlayer that provides a better lattice match to L1 0 FePt.

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For example, '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "This paper presents a wideband 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS frequency multiplier at 200-245 GHz. The balanced multiplier results in a low first harmonic component, and uses a reflector at the base nodes to reflect the second harmonics to transistors for improved efficiency. The measured output power is > -2 dBm at 200-245 GHz with a peak value of +2 dBm at 224-228 GHz and a conversion gain of -15 dB. To the author's knowledge, this is the highest power wideband doubler at 200-250 GHz."]' should be close to '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'A 200-245 GHz Balanced Frequency Doubler with Peak Output Power of +2 dBm']'

Abstract : Contents: Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs superlattices, Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa(2), Electronic structure study of the Pt-Ga intermetallic thin films on GaAs (100) using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, RHEED Studies of Epitaxial Growth of CoGa on GaAs by MBE-Determination of epitaxial phases and orientations, Internal Photoemission in CoGa/GaAs Schottky Barriers, Possible Injection of Electrons into the L Valley, Chemistry of Metal/ Compound-Semiconductor Interfaces, Phase Stability Versus The Lattice Mismatch of (100)Co1-xGa(x) Thin Films on (100)GaAs, Electrical resistivity of ultrathin, epitaxial CoGa on GaAs, and Growth and Annealing of Co(1-x)Ga(x) Thin Films on GaAs (100).


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Question: Computer Design of Automotive Lamps with Faceted Reflectors

In many automotive lamp designs a paraboloidal reflector directs images of a light source (filament) toward a fluted lens which shifts and spreads these images to form a prescribed pattern. A design concept is described in which the reflector is divided into segments (facets) in such a manner that the reflector alone produces the pattern and lens fluting is eliminated. The optical prescription for these facets was generated with computer programs which simulate the light images from each facet and “builds-up” the desired light pattern. Although a fog lamp design is outlined wherein the reflector elements were simple circular cylinders, the computer aided optical design concept can be applied to head lamps, driving lamps and signal lamps.

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This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Children’s Sexual Cognition and Its Implications for Children’s Court Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

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SynopsisIncreasing publicity about court cases in which children appear as witnesses, particularly regarding child sexual abuse, has drawn attention to the reliability and accuracy of children giving evidence, especially if they appear to be the only witness in a case where they have been sexually abused by adults. This paper reviews the incidence and age range of child sexual abuse and the range of basic cognitive task demands required of them in giving believable court evidence. These are identified as knowledge of adult male and female sexuality, adult and children’s genitalia of both sexes, sexual intercourse, and an adequate sexual vocabulary. A review of the limited research available indicates specific child abuse preventive programs to be inadequate. Given a necessary basis of sex education in families and schools it is posited that even young children can master the cognitive tasks necessary to be reliable witnesses.

Part I: Introduction Ch. 1 Introduction to Family Violence and Social Work Part II: Child Abuse and Neglect Ch. 2 Background of Child Abuse & Neglect Ch. 3 Identifying and Investigating Child Abuse and Neglect Ch. 4 Working within the Criminal Justice System Ch. 5 Consequences of Child Maltreatment and Continuum of Care Ch. 6 Intervening with Maltreated Children and Adult Survivors Part III: Domestic Violence Ch. 7 Background of Domestic Violence Ch. 8 Dynamics of Domestic Violence Ch. 9 Criminal Justice and Domestic Violence Ch. 10 Intervening in Domestic Violence Ch. 11 Child Witnesses of Domestic Violence Ch. 12 Perpetrators of Domestic Violence Ch. 13 Working with Diverse and At-Risk Populations Part IV: Elderly Abuse Ch. 14 Background of Elderly Abuse.


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Question: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of glipizide

SummaryStudies on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of glipizide in man are reviewed. Using 14C-labelled material, glipizide was compared with glibenclamide in 2 healthy normal volunteers. Results show that glipizide is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, and its faster rate of absorption compared to glibenclamide in the same dose suggests that glipizide has better bioavailability. Glipizide diffuses mostly in plasma with minimal extravascular diffusion: glibenclamide has a greater extravascular diffusion. Both compounds are almost completely eliminated through metabolic transformation, very little of either being excreted unchanged in the urine. Glibenclamide metabolites are excreted equally in the urine and faeces, and glipizide metabolites mostly in the urine. Further studies on patients with renal insufficiency showed that the metabolism and kinetic pattern of unchanged glipizide is independent of kidney function.

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AbstractThe goal of the current study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile, tissue distribution and adverse effects of long-circulating liposomes (LCL) with curcumin (CURC) and doxorubici...


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Question: Proton resonance spectra of some crystals containing nitrogen and fluorine

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Abstract The preparation and analysis of a pure sample of ammonia-boron trifluoride is described. The proton and fluorine magnetic resonance spectra of this compound and also of ammonium fluorotitanate and ammonium fluorogermanate have been measured. The spectra from the fluorine nuclei at 90°K are consistent with a rigid arrangement of the fluorine nuclei in the lattice. The proton resonance spectra are, however, narrower than is possible in a rigid lattice structure and require reorientation of the NH 3 group and of the ammonium ions even at 20°K. This indicates a surprising weakness in the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen and fluorine atoms. Other evidence which supports this conclusion is assembled in the discussion.

Abstract The title compounds have the four oxygen atoms of the β diketones and the basic atom of the adduct in an approximately pentagonal disk around and perpendicular to the uranyl moiety. Each β-diketone therefore has two non-equivalent trifluoromethyl groups. The chloride, bromide, azide, fluoborate, perchlorate and tetrahydrofuran adducts were prepared. From fluorine magnetic resonance studies it was shown that trifluoromethyl averaging occurs by both intramolecular and intermolecular adduct migration. Correlations of the energy barriers to exchange and the crystal structures of the adducts will be presented.


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Question: Degradation of fish meal and apparent digestibility coefficient of eel formulated feed by two strains of eel intestinal bacteria

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Two strains of intestinal bacteria A40209CDC4 and A31009NA separated from cultured eel degraded fish meal and the effects of them on the apparent digestibility coefficient (DAC)of eel formulated feed were studied. The results showed that the free amino acid content, total free amino acid, oligopeptide + free amino acid content and water-soluble protein of test group by A40209CDC4 and A31009NA were significantly increased to compare to control group. The DACs of dry matter and crude protein of eel formulated feed were increased 30.96%, 10.04%, 42.96% and 13.11% by strain A40209CDC4 and A31009NA bacterium respectively. Which indicated that the exploration and application of eel intestinal bacteria A40209CDC4 and A31009NA for microflora feed additive of were promising.

Exposure to a solid diet at weaning can lead to changes of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) fermentation processes which can affect the intra-lumen conditions and the health status of piglets. Fermentation can be manipulated by including fermentable carbohydrates in the diet (Williams et al., 2001). Different substrates are fermented in different ways and rates in the various tracts of the intestine. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate in vitro, the kinetics of gas production and other fermentation parameters of four almost indigestible carbohydrates sources when incubated with two inocula based on ileal contents (small intestine) and faeces (large intestine) of suckling piglets........


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Question: Influence of inhibitors of alternative respiration pathway and oxygen on growth and proton secretion

A possible involvement of the alternative oxidase pathway in proton translocation was investigated. Net H+ efflux- and elongation-rates were simultaneously and continuously measured by means of a pH-stat and an angular position transducer. Disulfiram, an inhibitor of the alternative path, reduces the IAA- and Fusicoccin-induced as well as endogenous proton secretion and growth. Fusicoccin-induced H+ secretion is very sensitive to reduced oxygen concentration values far apart from the Km of cytochrome oxidase. The sensitivity of non stimulated proton secretion to reduction of oxygen concentration depends on the age of plant material. It is proposed that more than one system is responsible for proton translocation across the plasmalemma. One of them has a high sensitivity to reduced oxygen concentration which is within the same range of the high Km value of the alternative oxidase.

A variable effect of Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions on the intensity and localization of the SDH activity was cytochemically detected in the Malpighian tubule cells of the blood-sucking insect, Triatoma infestans. Unaffected and decreased enzyme activities as well as a change in the spatial distribution of mitochondria were detected on the basis of the cytochemical localization of the enzyme. It is assumed that these metal ions could affect not only the mitochondrial performance but also other cell functions which require a specific mitochondrial distribution.


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Question: Structure reactivity correlations of azo reactive dyes based on H-acid. IV. Investigations into the light fastness in the dry state, in the wet state, and in presence of perspiration

Abstract In this paper we report on substituent effects on the light fading of azo reactive dyes based on H-acid on cellulose in the dry state, in the wet state, and in the presence of perspiration. Dyes containing strongly electron donating substituents tend to always fade oxidatively, while dyes with strongly electron withdrawing substituents prefer a reductive degradation pathway. In the dry state, a reductive fading mechanism prevails. In the presence of water, the fading becomes oxidative, while the fading of dyes containing electron donor substituents greatly enhanced. In the presence of artificial alkaline perspiration, the reductive fading is greatly accelerated. Thus, dyes containing an electron withdrawing substitution pattern have poor fastness properties to perspiration and light, while they fade reductively. The amino acid histidine, which is a component of perspiration, is concluded to be responsible for the enhanced reductive light fading in the presence of perspiration.

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Polyamide-6/cotton fabric blend was modified by chemical treatments using citric acid (30 g/L) as acrosslinker, an acrylate binder (10 g/L), Na-hypophosphite (6 g/L) as a catalyst in the presence of basic dye or pigment colorant (15 g/L) employing a pad-dry-cure technique (wet-pickup 80%, 80 °C/5 min and 180 °C/2 min respectively). Combined modifying and dyeing of the treated fabric samples resulted in a significant improvement in the extent of coloration along with a remarkable improvement in the imparted functional properties namely UV-B protection and antibacterial function. The change in K/S value as well as in the fastness properties ratings of the obtained dyeings along with variation in their functional properties depend on the ester-crosslinker/catalyst concentration, type and concentration of the coloring agent as well as thermo-fixation temperature. Mode of interaction was reported, and surface modification was also confirmed by SEM analysis.


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Question: Electrochemical dimerization of 4-methylesculetin: Synthesis and kinetic study of a highly-oxygenated dimer

This paper describes the electrochemical dimerization of 4-methylesculetin via anodic oxidation. The voltammetric data show that electrochemically generated ortho-benzoquinone participates in Michael addition reaction with starting molecular (4-methylesculetin) forms the corresponding highly-oxygenated dimer. The mechanism of dimerization has been studied in water/acetonitrile mixture using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. The electrochemical synthesis of this highly-oxygenated dimer has been successfully performed in an undivided cell in good yield and purity. Furthermore, the observed homogeneous rate constants of the chemical reaction between ortho-benzoquinone and 4-methylesculetin were estimated by comparing the experimental cyclic voltammetric curves with the digitally simulated ones.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

E.g. ['represent the natural language.\n\n\nExamples:\n\n\n"A process for recovering crystals from a mother solution works so that stock solution is placed in a crystallizer. By controlling and / or regulating the temperature (θ) is brought about a supersaturation of the mother liquor. Seed crystals are added in a seed point (Sp) of the mother liquor. Through process control the seed crystals as nuclei are enlarged, and finally taken out as crystals from the process. They are the product yield. The formation of crystal nuclei in the mother liquor is counteracted by steps in the process control. a determination of the position of the boundary (M) the formation of secondary nuclei as a value of the concentration (c) and the temperature (θ). This determined position of the boundary (M) the formation of crystal nuclei will be used for the process control of the crystallization." == "A process for recovering crystals from a mother liquor and for suitable crystallization apparatus"', 'With growing development of IT,improving management efficiency is a major work in colleges and universities.The paper introduces the developing process of the integrated file management system,discussing in details needs analysis,system analysis,outline design,detailed design,testing and debugging.'] == ['Represent this', 'VB.NET-based Integrated File Management System in Colleges and Universities']

Phenanthrenequinone undergoes highly efficient proton transfer processes in the presence of a thiourea-functionalised polystyrene copolymer whereas interactions with a similar benzyl-thiourea monomer show strong redox modulation of the quinone without proton transfer.


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Question: System identification for generic model control

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Given ['represent text.', 'The spectral harmonics of common-mode currents induced on high-speed differential cables operating at 1.0625 and 2.125 Gb/s were investigated using an analytical model and an experiment. Modeling of a differential clock type signal using waveforms with exponential rise and fall and adjustable delay skew and duty cycle allowed prediction of the spectral content of the resulting common-mode voltage waveform. A shielded test board was constructed to allow generation of a differential signal with selectable amounts of delay skew. Using an IC driver on the board as a differential source, common-mode current was measured at the source end of a long cable that was at the far end for both the differential and the common-modes. Modeled and measured results show that the fundamental frequency of the clock type waveform and the higher harmonics increase with increasing delay skew.'], a positive would be ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'Common-mode current harmonics on differential pair cable shields operating in a regime as high as 2.125 Gb/s']

System identification methods build mathematical models of dynamical systems based on observed data. The intended use of the model should always be reflected in the methods and techniques we use for identification. In this paper we derive an identification scheme for the case where the model is going to be used for GMC controller design. The aim of GMC control is to make the output approach a set-point along a given desired trajectory. This is reflected in the identification scheme which is nonstandard in two ways. Firstly, the emphasis is on the output trajectories of the models, and secondly we try to make the difference between the output of the model and the observed output follow a trajectory which is determined by the controller parameters.

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This paper analyzes the PLC system of the general-purpose material handing robot and focus on the design and application of the system.


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Question: Methods for Human Sleep Deprivation Experiments

One approach to understanding the importance of sleep in human function involves experimental manipulation of the duration and timing of sleep opportunities. The impact of sleep deprivation (extended wake episodes) and sleep restriction (multiple short sleep episodes) can inform how sleep contributes to normal physiology, cognition, mood, and performance. Here we review common techniques involved in human sleep loss experiments conducted in an inpatient setting. We also discuss important considerations for interpreting the results of inpatient sleep experiments.

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'We present a certified compiler from the simply-typed lambda calculus to assembly language. The compiler is certified in the sense that it comes with a machine-checked proof of semantics preservation, performed with the Coq proof assistant. The compiler and the terms of its several intermediate languages are given dependent types that guarantee that only well-typed programs are representable. Thus, type preservation for each compiler pass follows without any significant "proofs" of the usual kind. Semantics preservation is proved based on denotational semantics assigned to the intermediate languages. We demonstrate how working with a type-preserving compiler enables type-directed proof search to discharge large parts of our proof obligations automatically.']" should be close to "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', 'A certified type-preserving compiler from lambda calculus to assembly language']"

1. An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems and Participatory Geographical Information Science 2. A Micro-Macro Framework for Participatory Decision Situations 3. Methods and Tools for Participatory Spatial Decision Support 4. Social Behavioural Research Strategies for Investigating the Use of Participatory Geographical Information Systems 5. Collaborative Spatial Decision Making in Primary Health Care Management 6. Transportation Improvement Program Decision Making 7. Collaborative Decision Making About Habitat Restoration 8. Conclusions and Prospects for Future Research


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Question: Application of Mixed Solvent Solubility Parameter in the Separation of Aluminum and Plastic Composite

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) и Cu(II), для которых имеются литературные данные.By using DFT B3LYP method with 6-31G(d) basic set and Gaussian09 program, a calculation of geometric parameters of molecular structure of M(II) complexes with macrocyclic ligand phthalocyanine has been carried out (M = 3d-element ion). The bond lengths and angles between various atoms in each of above-mentioned complexes have been presented. Results of calculation have been compared with the most modern available in the literature structural data for the compound indicated. The good consent between the calculated and literary data testifying to capacity of the given method for calculation of structural parameters of macrocyclic metalchelates, has been noted for Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes for which there is literature data.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'About of possibilty of using hybrid method DFT B3LYP for calculation of molecular structures of macropolyazacyclic complexes of 3d-elements']"

Mixed solvents including benzene-ethanol-water,toluene-ethanol-water and styrene-ethanol-water were used as a separating agent to separate aluminum and plastic composite.The volume ratio of each component of the mixed solvent used for completely separating the aluminum and plastic composite was investigated;the solubility parameter range of the organic adhesive used in the composite could be obtained through calculating the solubility parameter of the mixed solvent.The results showed that the ideal range of solubility parameters of organic adhesive is 29.1 to 34.8;the required volume ratio of toluene is least when using toluene-ethanol-water solvent as the separating agent.

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Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.


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Question: Exploring photophysical properties of metal-free coumarin sensitizers: an efficient strategy to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

An efficient strategy was provided by adopting different numbers of electron-deficient units (pyrimidyl and quinolyl) into parent coumarin sensitizers to obtain excellent absorption in the short-wavelength region (B2 band), which eventually improves the performance of DSSCs. Density functional theory calculations were performed on both free dyes and dye–TiO2 complexes. As expected, introducing a single electron-deficient unit results in a positive influence on the power conversion efficiency (η) of DSSCs because of the larger short-circuit current density (Jsc is proportional to optical absorption (φLHE), charge separation, dye regeneration (φreg) and electron injection (φinject)) and the higher open circuit voltage (Voc). The introduction of more pyrimidine facilitates charge separation and favors effective electron injection, whereas the second quinoline displays the opposite effect. The results give guidance to design promising candidates for future DSSCs applications.

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For example, ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The literature on new political parties is vast but often neglects strategic aspects that are important in the formation period. In this article I develop a simple incomplete information game consisting of the interactions between an established party and a potential new party. The game shows that higher ‘costs’ for forming a party decrease the likelihood of new actors appearing on the electoral scene. Apart from this intuitive result the paper also shows that important demands from potential new parties are less likely to be taken seriously by the established party than more modest demands. Consequently, established parties often change their policies only marginally and are likely to refuse important modifications to their platform.'] should be similar to ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'The emergence of new political parties from a game theoretic perspective']

The stabilization of high oxidation state nanoparticles by N-heterocyclic carbenes is reported. Such nanoparticles represent an important subset in the field of nanoparticles, with different and more challenging requirements for suitable ligands compared to elemental metal nanoparticles. N-Heterocyclic carbene coated NaYF4 :Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticles were synthesized by a ligand-exchange reaction from a well-defined precursor. This new photoactive material was characterized in detail and employed in the activation of photoresponsive molecules by low-intensity near-infrared light (λ=980 nm).


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E.g.
['', 'A review of power converter topologies for wind generators'] == ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Wind energy conversion systems have become a focal point in the research of renewable energy sources. This is in no small part due to the rapid advances in the size of wind generators as well as the development of power electronics and their applicability in wind energy extraction. This paper provides a comprehensive review of past and present converter topologies applicable to permanent magnet generators, induction generators, synchronous generators and doubly fed induction generators. The many different generator–converter combinations are compared on the basis of topology, cost, efficiency, power consumption and control complexity. The features of each generator–converter configuration are considered in the context of wind turbine systems.'] != ['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title\n\n\nFor instance, <<Supported liquid membrane technology is a separation technology with high selectivity.This paper reviews the development and application of supported liquid membrane technology,including the research on carriers and the instability mechanism.The methods to improve SLM stability and the research progress on SLM are also reported.>>  to <<Advances in supported liquid membranes>>', 'This paper presents a new conceptual electromagnetic induction eddy current-based stainless steel plate spiral type heater for heat exchanger or Dual Packs Heater in hot water producer, boiler steamer and super heated steamer, which is more suitable and acceptable for new generation consumer power applications In addition. an active clamped edge-resonant PWM high frequency inverter using trench gate IGBTs power module, can operate under a principle of zero voltage soft commutation with PWM is developed and demonstrated for a high efficient induction heated hot water producer and boiler in the consumer power applications This consumer induction heater power appliance using active clamp soft switching PWM high-frequency Inverter is evaluated and discussed on the basis of the simulation and experimental resulis']

Question: Information Modeling for Sustainable Manufacturing Assessment

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For sustainable manufacturing, energy consumption, air and waste emission, and environmental impact of product and process are analyzed in product and process development. The sustainability assessment is realized based on complete, structured information models of product, process and manufacturing resources, which are proposed in this paper. After analyzing the process of unit assembly and machining, two information models of unit assembly operation and unit machining process are given in UML representation. Besides the basic process parameters, the sustainable manufacturing related information such material consumption, energy usage, wastes and greenhouse air emission are also considered in the models. The manufacturing resource mode is core model to relate process and sustainability indicators. The resource information model of machining tool is proposed with process parameters and unit data of indictors. A sustainability assessment process is given in the end.Copyright © 2014 by ASME

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Question:
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Given ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Efficiency of a gearbox lubricated with wind turbine gear oils'], a positive would be ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract In this study a two stage multiplying gearbox with helical gears and four fully formulated wind turbine gear oils were tested, on a back-to-back gearbox test rig with recirculating power, at low input speeds (100–500 rpm) and high input torques (500–1000 Nm). The gearbox oil sump temperature was set free. A numeric power loss model simulating all the relevant power loss mechanisms was implemented, aiming to evaluate the relative influence of each power loss component. The experimental results have shown that each wind turbine gear oil formulation generated different power loss resulting in distinct stabilized operating temperatures.'] & a negative would be ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The lipid extract prepared by solvent extraction of micro-organisms when added to lubricating oils improve the load carrying, anti-oxidant, and anti-corrosion properties of the oils.']

Question: Imaging of fibrous lesions of the thorax: radiologic-pathologic correlation

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Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-2036 / Imaging of fibrous lesions of the thorax: radiologic-pathologic correlation" by: "M. I. Garcia Gomez Muriel, C. F. Gomez Barbosa, L. Gorospe, A. Fernandez Orue, M. Navarro Fernandez-Hidalgo, H. Pian; Madrid/ES"

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A 68 year old woman with primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma, impairement of general status and right upper quadrant pain was diagnosed with liver tumor by sonography, CT scan and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Angiograms showed a hypervascular tumor. The patient was treated by hepatic transplantation but died 15 days after operation. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was established by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies; the primary nature was confirmed by necropsy. Diagnostic and therapeutic features of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma--the 19th case reported in the literature--are discussed.


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Question: Monitoring and Analysis of the Jacking Force of the Large Diameter GRP pipe-jacking in soft soil

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Glass reinforced plastic mortar pipe(GRP pipe) is used more and more widely in sewerage because of its advantages as light weight,erosion resistant,small friction,longevity and so on.In this paper,the jacking force of the large diameter GRP pipe in Shanghai soft soil is studied by field monitoring and analysis.The jacking force of GRP pipes are field tested in two experimental pipe jacking projects.The friction resistance of pipe-soil interface and friction coefficient are obtained from the soil pressure monitoring results.Therefore,the experimental formula for the jacking force of the larger diameter GRP pipe-jacking in soft soil are presented which can be used in jacking force design.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: Information Resources Allocation under Market Economy

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This paper analyzes principle and means of information resources allocation, and discusses the mode and methods of information resources allocation under market economy.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Multipliers on Hilbert spaces of functions on R

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For example, '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'We have developed the new multi-scan display method without buffer memory which can realize low cost and low power consumption of driving circuits for TFT-LCD monitor. We have realized the line expansion display by multiple line selection or asynchronous line data latch and the dot expansion display by multiple dot data latch.']' should be close to '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', '45.2: A New Multi-Scan Driver LSI for TFT-LCD Monitor']'

For a Hilbert space H included in L^1_{loc} (R) of functions on $R we obtain a representation theorem for the multipliers M commuting with the shift operator S. This generalizes the classical result for multipliers in L^2(R) as well as our previous result for multipliers in weighted space Lw^2(R). Moreover, we obtain a description of the spectrum of S.

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In this paper it is proved that an invariant subspaces in the bidisc Hardy space H2(T2) could be generated by sums of Quasi wandering subspaces pMTzN+pMTwN under certain condition.


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Fewshots:
'['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Control of luciferase synthesis in a newly isolated strain of Photobacterium leiognathi']' == '['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'In previous studies with luminous bacteria of all different species it has been reported that the synthesis of luciferase is autoinducible: during growth at low cell densities synthesis is effectively repressed while after induction, at higher cell densities, the rate of synthesis of enzyme is up to five times the growth rate. In this paper we report on newly isolated strains of Photobacterium leiognathi which show continued luciferase synthesis irrespective of the cell density. The specific synthesis rate may nevertheless differ from the rate of growth and depends on the luciferase content of the inoculated cells. A ratio of 1 was established for cells having a maximum luciferase content varying to a ratio of about 2 for cells that contained only 1% of the maximum.']' != '['Represent the next text.', 'We have stably transformed both Haloarcula vallismortis and Haloarcula hispanica with the halobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors pWL102 (based on the Haloferax volcanii pHV2 replicon) and pUBP2 (based on the Halobacterium halobium pHH1 replicon). Haloferax volcanii, Halobacterium halobium, and Haloarcula vailismortis are equally distant from one another and span the phylogenetic depth of the halophilic Archaea; thus, these vectors may be generally useful for the halophiles. Both Haloarcula vallismortis and Haloarcula hispanica exhibit previously unreported complex life cycles and are therefore significant as genetically approachable models of cellular differentiation within the Archaea.']'

Question: Clinical implication of expression of progesterone receptor form A and B mRNAs in secondary spreading of gynecologic cancers

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This study was designed to determine the clinical implication of expression of progesterone receptor form A (PR-A) and B (PR-B) mRNAs in secondary spreading of gynecologic cancers. Approximately equal expression of PR-A and PR-B mRNAs was designated as type AB and dominant expression of PR-B mRNA as type B. Alteration from type AB to type B in the metastatic cancers occurred in 3/8 cases of uterine endometrial cancers, 2/8 cases of uterine cervical cancers, and 2/8 cases of ovarian cancers. Other cancers revealed type B regardless of primary or metastatic status. Thus, all metastatic cancers studied revealed type B. These results suggest that transcription of PR-A mRNA may be damaged, which might lead to uncontrolled overexpression of PR-B mRNA in metastatic lesion, and that the type B status could reveal a highly malignant phenotype in these three gynecologic cancers.

High apoptotic indices have been described in pseud-opalisading areas of glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytoma grade 4). In order to explore further the role of apoptosis in regulating the proliferation in central nervous system (CNS) tumors, we used TdT-mediated dUTP-nick endlabeling (TUNEL) methods to compare the frequency and distribution of apoptotic cells in 32 cases of metastatic carcinoma and 54 cases of primary diffuse astrocytomas. Frequencies of apoptotic cells and Bcl-2 positive cells in metastatic carcinoma were low compared with those observed in high-grade diffuse astrocytomas and did not correlate with the expression of the p53 protein. These findings suggest that apoptosis does not have a major role in regulating proliferation in metastatic carcinoma of the CNS.


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Question: Field induced superconductivity in magnetically modulated films

Abstract The transport properties of Al superconducting thin films covering arrays of Co/Pt pinning centers of two different sizes are measured and compared. Detailed magnetization characterization of the dots allow us to gain control over the average magnetization of the dots through the application of an external magnetic field. By increasing the magnetization of the dots a gradually increasing shift of the superconducting phase boundary is observed. This shift is explained in terms of vortex–antivortex pair generation. It is shown that the resulting field-induced-superconductivity is strongly dependent on the size of the magnetic dots.

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Scanning probe techniques reveal an intricate interplay between the formation of structural domains in strontium titanate and electronic transport effects at oxide interfaces.


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Question: De-noising by Wavelet Transform Based on Edge Detection

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Image de-noising via wavelet transform is one success of wavelet applications.Because of its simple algorithm and small computation quantity,de-noising by thresholding can obtain the widespread application.This article proposes a algorithm based on the edge detection.It can apart the edge information from the noise and obtain a better result.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Real wavelet-based power measurement approaches Application of real wavelet methods Concept using complex wavelet based power definitions Examples References ]]>


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Question: Unconventional fractional quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene

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Examples:

"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The endothelial cell of Amphioxus has an endocytotic capability since both ferritin and horseradish peroxidase, when injected into the endostylar artery, became localized within endothelial cell cytoplasmic vesicles. The endothelial cells also contain vesicles within which the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase has been localized. Because of the presence of an endocytotic capability and lysosomes, these cells possess both the means and the method for the acquisition and disposal of exogenous proteins.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'The circulatory system of amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae)']"

Recent experimental progress in Hall measurements in bilayer graphene in the so-called open-face configuration of boron nitride encapsulated samples, together with the earlier technique of suspended samples, allows for precise observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) in all 4 subbands of the Lowest Landau level (with n = 0 and n = 1) and in the next LL subbands (with n = 2) in the bilayer system. Many newly observed FQHE features do not agree with a conventional model of composite fermions and reveal a different hierarchy in comparison to monolayer graphene or GaAs 2DEG. We explain the peculiarity of the FQHE hierarchy in the bilayer system in the framework of a topological approach, which includes the composite fermion model as its special case. Inclusion of a topological effect caused by the hopping of electrons between the two sheets in the bilayer system allowed for an explanation of the FQHE hierarchy in the graphene bilayer in satisfactory accordance with the experimental observations.

Atomic-scale helices exist as motifs for several material lattices. We examine a tight-binding model for a single one-dimensional monatomic chain with a p-orbital basis coiled into a helix. A topologically nontrivial phase emerging from this model supports a zero-energy mode localized to a boundary, always embedded within a continuum band, regardless of termination site. We identify a topological invariant for this phase that is related to the number of zero energy end modes by means of the bulk-boundary correspondence, and give strict conditions for the existence of the bound state. Another, non-topological, gapped edge mode in the model spectrum has practical consequences for surface states in e.g. trigonal tellurium and selenium and other van der Waals-bonded one-dimensional semiconductors.


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Question: Shear-induced isotropic-to-lamellar transition.

Reciprocating shear is found to increase the isotropic-to-lamellar transition temperature in a symmetric diblock copolymer melt. The temperature at which the isotropic state becomes unstable rapidly approaches the ordering transition as the shear rate increases. Shear-induced ordering results in lamellae orientation with wave vectors directed normal to the shear and velocity gradient directions. These results are anticipated by a recent theory that accounts for the suppression of fluctuations by a symmetry breaking field in this class of weakly first-order phase transitions.

Abstract The field around a line defect along the axis of an angularly inhomogeneous, elastically anisotropic medium with piezoelectric, piezomagnetic and magnetoelectric coupling has a surprisingly simple form.


Question:
represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

E.g. given '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Adaptive waveform diversity for cross-channel interference mitigation']' it should be close to '['', 'In this paper we investigate the impact of the presence of an interfering radar on the target direction of arrival (DOA) estimation performed by the reference radar. The DOA estimator is a modified version of the pseudo-monopulse technique that, using adaptive waveform diversity in transmission, can mitigate the dependence of the estimation accuracy on the interfering signal. The importance of using proper coding in multi-user radar system is highlighted with reference to a simple scenario of two radars and the root-mean square error (RMSE) of the estimator is numerically evaluated in different operational conditions.']' but not to '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Space-time (ST) coding offers an effective transmit diversity technique to combat fading, but most existing space-time coding schemes assume flat fading channels that may not be valid for wideband wireless mobile communications. For multiuser transmissions over multipath environment (frequency-selective fading channel), ST coding is challenging due to the presence of not only MAI (multiple access interference) but also ISI (intersymbol interference). In this paper, a novel ST block coding scheme based on block processing is proposed for TD-CDMA systems in frequency-selective channels, and block linear joint detection algorithms are developed. Then, we simplify these algorithms and get a low cost but good performance joint detection algorithm for spacetime block-coded TD-CDMA systems.']'.

Question: Research on the Formalization of Framework

The use of framework and design patterns can facilitate the reuse of software system, but they are usually describe by informal ways such as graph, natural language etc. Being lack of refined semantics has limited their reuse. The paper use Z\|notation describe some design patterns' semantics, including the component of design pattern, their connection , Composite and integration into a framework.

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Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Related to a Congenital Pericardial Defect and Left Atrial Appendage Herniation

Congenital pericardial defects (CPDs) are infrequent anomalies that are usually asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during unrelated interventions. Here we report the case of a CPD with herniation of an enlarged left atrial appendage identified during total thoracoscopic ablation (TTA) for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). The persistent AF was successfully treated with a hybrid procedure, in which TTA was followed by an electrophysiological study.

Management of Bleeding Using Recombinant Factor VIIa in a Patient Suffering from Bleeding Tendency due to a Lupus Anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia Syndrome -


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Question: HPLC fingerprints of Herba Artemisiae scopariae

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For example, '['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', "Starting from the classical Newton's second law which, according to our assumption, is valid in any instantaneous inertial rest frame of body that moves in Minkowskian space-time we get the relativistic equation of motion $\\vec{F}=d\\vec{p}/dt$, where $\\vec{p}$ is the relativistic momentum. The relativistic momentum is then derived without referring to any additional assumptions concerning elastic collisions of bodies. Lorentz-invariance of the relativistic law is proved without tensor formalism. Some new method of force transformation is also presented."]' should be close to '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', "Derivation of the relativistic momentum and relativistic equation of motion from Newton's second law and Minkowskian space-time geometry"]'

Objective To establish HPLC fingerprints of Herba Artemisiae scopariae and offer some information for the quality control of Herba Artemisiae scopariae.Methods and Results The fingerprints of Herba artemisiae scopariae from different habitats and batches were established by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.The sample was analyzed on a Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column under gradient elution.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and H2O(0.2% H3PO4) and the flow rate was 1.0 mL · min1.The detection wavelength was 327 nm.The stability,accuracy and credibility of this method were good.Conclusion This method offers some information for the quality control of Herba Artemisiae scopariae.

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Litsomentol, a new tetracyclic triterpene, isolated from Litsea tomentosa. Heyne, has been shown to have strocture Ia by degradation and correlation with agnosterol.


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Question: An EXCMG accelerated multiscale multigrid computation for 3D Poisson equation

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Abstract Multiscale multigrid (MSMG) method is an effective computational framework for efficiently computing high accuracy solutions for elliptic partial differential equations. In the current MSMG method, compared to the CPU cost on computing sixth-order solutions by applying extrapolation and other techniques on two fourth-order solutions from different scales grids, much more CPU time is spent on computing fourth-order solutions themselves on coarse and fine grids, particularly for high-dimensional problems. Here we propose to embed extrapolation cascadic multigrid (EXCMG) method into the MSMG framework to accelerate the whole process. Numerical results on 3D Poisson equations show that the new EXCMG–MSMG method is more efficient than the existing MSMG method and the EXCMG method for sixth-order solution computation.

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A non-conformal finite element tearing and interconnecting-like FETI-like domain decomposition approach DDA of the hybrid finite element-boundary integral-multilevel fast multipole algorithm FE-BI-MLFMA is presented by integrating a series efficient techniques for computing electromagnetic scattering/radiation problems. The Robin transmission condition is employed to cement the non-conformal meshes on the interconnected surfaces between the interior and exterior regions and between sub-domains in the interior region. The FETI-like technique is applied to reduce the FE-BI matrix equation. Furthermore, a preconditioner is constructed to accelerate the convergent speed of this non-conformal FETI-like DDA. The numerical performance of the presented non-conformal FETI-like DDA-FE-BI-MLFMA is studied for scattering/radiation problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


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Question: Design of Drying Temperature Control System for Malt Based on Lab VIEW

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A real-time temperature controlling system was designed by using USB-6009 data acquisition card produced by NI Company as the hardware,taking Lab VIEW 8.5 and its PID tool package as software design platform.The system can acquire the signal of real-time temperature on spot by data acquisition card,then analyze and process the signal in software platform.PID neural network control algorithm was used for the real-time temperature control on spot.Finally,Matlab simulation software was used to simulate the drying system.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: Regulation of Sulfur Metabolism in Plants:First Molecular Approaches

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Sulfate assimilation is a fundamental biological process in which sulfate is reduced to the thiol level and incorporated into a C skeleton, thus forming cysteine in photosynthetic and prokaryotic organisms (Schmidt and Jager 1992; Kredich 1996), or homocysteine in fungi (Cherest and Surdin-Kerjan 1992; Cherest et al. 1993; Thomas et al. 1992; Brzywczy and Paszewski 1993, 1994; Fig. 1).

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1. Profound and Useful Discoveries.- 2. Comparison of the Efficiency of Nitrate and Nitrogen Fixation in Crop Yield.- 3. Nitrate Uptake, Production and Transport in the Whole Plant.- 4. Carbon and Nitrogen Partitioning in the Whole Plant - a Thesis based on Empirical Modeling.- 5. Relationships between Nitrogen Metabolism and Photosynthesis.- 6. Photosynthate Limitation of Symbiotic N2 Fixation.- 7. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism.- 8. Seed Storage Proteins: Genetics, Synthesis, Accumulation and Protein Quality.


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Question: RF MEMS Capacitive Switches for Wide Temperature Range Applications Using a Standard Thin-Film Process

In this paper, the design, fabrication, and measurements of a capacitive RF microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) switch with very low sensitivity to thermal stress is presented. The switch is built by thin-film technology (0.8-μm Au) and shows <;50-mV/°C variation in the pull-down voltage at 25 °C-125 °C. The effects of the residual biaxial stress and stress gradients are studied in detail and the final switch design is very tolerant to a wide range of stress. The switch exhibits excellent RF and mechanical performances, and a capacitance ratio of about 51-57 (Cu = 54-66 fF, Cd = 3.1 - 3.4 pF) is reported. The mechanical resonant frequency and quality factor are fο = 105 - 115 kHz and Qm ≈ 8, respectively, with a measured switching time of about 3-3.8 μs. The applications areas are in low-loss RF MEMS, phase shifters, and reconfigurable networks.

Overview of the OMVPE Process. Thermodynamics. Physical Processes Occurring on the Surface. Source Molecules. Kinetics. Hydrodynamics and Mass Transport. Design of the OMVPE Process. Specific Materials. Superlattice Structures. Devices.


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Question: Anomalous properties of crystals with ferroelectric phase transition induced by off-center ions

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It is given the theoretical study of some properties of strongly polarizable dielectric crystals in which off-center impurity ions induce ferroelectric phase transition. The spontaneous polarization, transition temperature, soft mode frequency, dielectric susceptibility, ultrasonic attenuation, nuclear spin-lattice relaxation are analyzed. The theory explains observed in K1−xLixTaO3 saturation of remanent polarization with off-center Li+ concentration increasing, close to x dependence of phase transition temperature, the anisotropy of ultrasonic attenuation, the absence of anomalies of Li nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate near Tc.

The full strain state at room temperature of MnAs nanocrystals embedded in a GaAs matrix (GaAs:MnAs) is obtained through x-ray diffraction mapping of the GaAs:MnAs reciprocal space, including x-ray reflections from the nanosized MnAs crystallites. The constrained MnAs clusters are found to hold remarkably large and anisotropic strain. Based on the room-temperature experimental results, Eshelby's 'equivalent-inclusion' concept is used to predict the thermal variation of the cluster lattice parameters in the temperature range from -50 up to 300 deg. C, in particular, across the MnAs magnetostructural phase transition. Strain-driven grain-boundary-mediated rotation and/or (imperfect) oriented attachment of MnAs clusters appear to be operative mechanisms of deformation and particle growth in granular GaAs:MnAs films.


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Question: Mobile payment method and device

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The invention discloses a mobile payment method. The mobile payment method includes that a connection is established between a U-key and a mobile terminal through a communication interface of the mobile terminal; the U-key obtains an input instruction from the mobile terminal, runs a built-in program of the U-key according to the input instruction, and executes the input instruction to obtain a corresponding mobile payment result through processing, and the U-key built-in program has non-erasability; and the U-key outputs the mobile payment result to the mobile terminal so as to display the mobile payment result through the mobile terminal. The invention further displays the U-key. By means of the mobile payment method, a mobile payment process is completed through the U-key built-in program, security of the payment process is improved, and property security of mobile payment is guaranteed.

The operating system and method of domain profile using the database in the core framework for SDR terminal is disclosed. And many managers are logged domain profiles needed to install and run the application in a database text files instead of recording to an existing XML file in the SCA core framework of the SDR terminal with a base of software architecture (Software Communications Architecture) stored in the database and management. If you put your application on the device, SDR terminal multiple managers within the core framework for their execution and load the DB database text file first, to reduce the parsing time to quickly look up the domain profile from the database to improve the system performance. SD Al, S ssieyi, domain profile, parsing, database


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Question: Analysis of quality of life and rural development: evidence from some Ghanaian rural communities

This paper examines the indicators that rural people use to define their quality of life, how relevant the integrated quality of life theory is to the Ghanaian rural setting and the effect of rural development projects on the quality of life of beneficiaries. Using a mixed method and a sample of 354, data was collected via interviews and questionnaire. Both thematic analysis and paired sample t-test were used to analyse the data. Although the empirical results were generally consistent with the theoretical predictions, there were differences in how satisfaction of life and spirituality were defined by respondents. Existential quality of life was found to be the most important aspect of the integrative quality of life among the respondents. Additionally rural development projects were found to improve the quality of life of respondents. It was recommended that these indicators are further researched into.

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ABSTRACTThe study investigates the influences of demographic and infrastructural covariates that drive the household water demand in the 198 municipal wards of Bangalore, India. In contrast to prev...


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Question: Effect of Suspended Particulates on the Measurement of Gas Velocity Using a Pitot-static Tube

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To determine the effect of dust burden on Pitot-Static readings, experiments were carried out on three different sized materials; graded sand, graded limestone, and pulverized coal, at air velocities up to 36m m{-1} and solid mass concentrations up to 38 per cent. The results indicate that, as far as pitot-static measurements are concerned, the gas solids mixture behaves as a gas having a density equal to p{q} (l+ku) where p{q} is the density of the pure gas and it is the solids/air mass ratio, k was found to vary between 0 and 1.5 depending on the material used and was independent of the gas velocity. It is shown that k can be calculated from known properties of the suspension by using the analysis based on the momentum interchanges between the gas and the particles. The theoretical predictions were found to be in general agreement with the experimental results.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Summarization on PKI/CA Technology

Public key infrastructure (PKI) is one of the important techniques for solving network security problem. The typical PKI application system includes security Web server, registration Authority (RA) server, certificate Authority (CA) server, LDAP server and database server. After validated the requisition from user, RA submits it to CA. Then CA creates certification and puts it into the certification database and LDAP database after the integrity of RAs requisition and the legitimacy of RAs signature is certified. America, Canada, Europe, korea and Japan have made scientific researches on PKI successively since 1993. China have ranked PKI as the 15th 863 Program in 2001 and set about to solve the problem of the PKI standardization and the critical technique of interlink and communication of CAs.

Group 5's collection of small collectrions Placeholder Description for the Liberal Arts Collection


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Question: Synthesis and Mesophase of a Chiral Triphenylene-Based Discotic Liquid Crystal

A chiral triphenylene-based compound 2-(2-octyloxy)-3,6,7,10,11-penta-pentyloxy triphenylene was synthesized by Mitsunobu reaction as shown in Fig.1. The structure of compound was determined by 1HNMR and FT-IR spectrum and its mesomorphism was clarified by DSC and POM methods.

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Characterization of Linear Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) and Cloud Points in its Aqueous Solutions


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Question: On the minimum detectable activity of β spectrometers and selective radiometers

A method of β-ray spectrometry is described that consists in measuring the activity of a particular radionuclide in a mixture of a few β-emitting nuclides. The activity of radionuclides simultaneously emitting β and γ rays is determined with a γ spectrometer, and their contribution to the total β spectrum is calculated. Formulas for finding the minimum detectable activity and the error of these measurements are derived. A frequently occurring specific case is considered in which the activity of 90Sr radionuclide in equilibrium with 90Y is measured against the background of 137Cs and 40K. The minimum activities that can be measured by the phoswich detector and a detector based on a plastic scintillator are compared. The main sources of errors inherent in this measuring technique are analyzed.

Abstract A γ-γ-coincidence detector with good efficiency at moderate costs for cosmogenic positron emitters (like 22 Na and 26 Al) is described. The influences of different operation modes on sensitivity and background are discussed.


Question: Narrating Descent: Popular Science, Evolutionary Theory and Gender Politics

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For instance, <<['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technique for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communications. As users with good channel conditions can serve as relays to enhance the system performance by using successive interference cancellation (SIC), the integration of NOMA and cooperative relaying has recently attracted increasing interests. In this paper, a NOMA-based cooperative relaying system is studied, and an analytical framework is developed to evaluate its performance. Specifically, the performance of NOMA over Rician fading channels is studied, and the exact expression of the average achievable rate is derived. Moreover, we also propose an approximation method to calculate the achievable rate by using the Gauss-Chebyshev Integration. Numerical results confirm that our derived analytical results match well with the Monte Carlo simulations.']>>  to <<['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'On the Performance of NOMA-Based Cooperative Relaying Systems Over Rician Fading Channels']>>

This article examines a narrative dilemma that popular texts on evolution face. On the one hand, popular science tends to privilege linear and culturally familiar narrative structures, as previous studies of popularization have often emphasized. On the other hand, however, the Darwinian idea of natural selection resists linear narration, as narrative theorist H. Porter Abbott has argued. This resistance arises from the fact that evolution by natural selection lacks proper narrative entities and narrative events and that it relies on two parallel narrative levels, the levels of species and organism. This paper explores how two popular science books on evolution negotiate this narrative dilemma by introducing a third narrative level. Both texts appropriate characteristics from the narrative levels of species and organism and project them on molecular and minute scales by portraying evolution as a micro-narrative that takes place in chromosomes, genes, cells and microscopic details of human organs. While thi...

* Foreword by Rajae El Aoued * Acknowledgments * Introduction: Colonial Embodiments * Chapter 1. Healing the Body, Healing the Umma: Sufi Saints and God's Law in a Corporeal City of Virtue * Chapter 2. Medicine and the Mission Civilisatrice: A Civilizing Science and the French Sociology of Islam in Algeria and Morocco, 1830-1912 * Chapter 3. The Many Deaths of Dr. Emile Mauchamp: Contested Sovereignties and Body Politics at the Court of the Sultans, 1877-1912 * Chapter 4. Frederic Le Play in Morocco? The Paradoxes of French Hygiene and Colonial Association in the Moroccan City, 1912-1937 * Chapter 5. Harem Medicine and the Sleeping Child: Law, Traditional Pharmacology, and the Gender of Medical Authority * Chapter 6. A Midwife to Modernity: The Biopolitics of Colonial Welfare and Birthing a Scientific Moroccan Nation, 1936-1956 * Epilogue. Epistemologies Embodied: Islam, France, and the Postcolonial * Notes * Bibliography * Index


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Question: Improved access to nonambulatory dental patients using extension tubing.

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Summary ::: ::: In the absence of mobile equipment, access to dental services for nonambulatory people can be aided. A method of construction is described for both high-speed, air-water and high velocity evacuation. The extension device requires minimal maintenance and has not needed repairs. The extension devices also improved comfort of the dental staff.

This audit was performed in surgical units and evaluates several factors of quality of health care services provided by teaching hospitals.


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Question: On Western Marxist Scholars' Dialectics ——Arguing Against the Opposition Between Marx and Engels

Most of the western Marxist scholars deny the view that Marxist philosophy is composed of dialectic materialism and historical materialism, holding that Marxist philosophy is just historical materialism and denying natural dialectics so as to create the fable that Marx is against Engels. Therefore, this paper, beginning with Marx's real attitude towards natural dialectics, is to argue that Marxist natural view is consistent with Marxist historical view to respond to the western scholars' argument; meanwhile, this paper is to criticize western Marxist criticism of Engels' natural dialectics, arguing that historical dialectics is consistent with natural dialectics.

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Carpentras: The Attack on Memory The Moral Imperative of Remembrance The Two Thirty Years' Wars The Charismatic Leader and the Significance of the Enemy The Jew as "Hostis": The Enemy Par Excellence, the 'Diverse' to Exterminate The Myth of Aryan Eurocentrism The Responsibilities of Europe and Its Possible Redemption The Ambiguous Role of Intellectual Avant-Gardes Race, the Tabu Word Man Is a Memory and a Project for Man The Holocaust as a Problem of Mankind Races and Cultures Races: Not To Be Confused with Cultures Beyond Racism: For the Victims, But Also for the Racists Multicultural Society: Hypotheses and Prospects For Further Reading Index


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Question: The Application Study on Data Fusion Technology in Classifying of Internal Component of Shells

To classify and identify the component of abandoned shells, a design method of using ultrasonic to detect artillery shells’ internal component based on data fusion method is presented. Firstly, ultrasonic detector is used to collect the sample data of internal component of a large number of artillery shells.Secondly, using data fusion techniques to set up neural network fusion model for data processing and feature extraction, such as the first wave amplitude,frequency,and eventually realizing the identification of shells. Experiments showed that the method is accurate and reliable.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: A review of power converter topologies for wind generators

Wind energy conversion systems have become a focal point in the research of renewable energy sources. This is in no small part due to the rapid advances in the size of wind generators as well as the development of power electronics and their applicability in wind energy extraction. This paper provides a comprehensive review of past and present converter topologies applicable to permanent magnet generators, induction generators, synchronous generators and doubly fed induction generators. The many different generator–converter combinations are compared on the basis of topology, cost, efficiency, power consumption and control complexity. The features of each generator–converter configuration are considered in the context of wind turbine systems.

This paper presents a new conceptual electromagnetic induction eddy current-based stainless steel plate spiral type heater for heat exchanger or Dual Packs Heater in hot water producer, boiler steamer and super heated steamer, which is more suitable and acceptable for new generation consumer power applications In addition. an active clamped edge-resonant PWM high frequency inverter using trench gate IGBTs power module, can operate under a principle of zero voltage soft commutation with PWM is developed and demonstrated for a high efficient induction heated hot water producer and boiler in the consumer power applications This consumer induction heater power appliance using active clamp soft switching PWM high-frequency Inverter is evaluated and discussed on the basis of the simulation and experimental resulis


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Question: Molecular Dynamics Calculation for the Complexes of a Macrotricyclic Receptor with Organic Substrates

Molecular dynamics calculation was performed in order to obtain structural information about the complexes of a macrotricyclic receptor (1), which has crown ether and cyclophane subunits as binding sites, with organic substrates, ω-(phenylalkyl)ammonium picrates (2; the methylene number, n=4, 5, 7), taking account of solvent effect. The resulting equilibrium structures were in good agreement with experimental data; among the three complexes, the complex of 1 with 2 (n=5) gave the largest stability constant. Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation of the difference in Gibbs free energy between two complexes, calculated by the perturbation method, was also consistent with the experimental data.

This account relates our quest for effective syntheses of 3-acyltetramic acids and also presents examples of our group’s increasing audacity to tackle the more intricate structural varieties of this compound class. 1 Introduction 2 A New Wittig-Based Access to Tetramic Acids 3 3-Acyltetramic Acids with Linear Side Chains 4 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acids 5 O - and N -Glycosylated 3-Acyltetramic Acids 6 Macrocyclic 3-Acyltetramic Acids 7 Miscellaneous Reactions 8 Whither to go from Here?


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Question: A history of the SNOBOL programming languages

Development of the SNOBOL language began in 1962. It was followed by SNOBOL2, SNOBOL3, and SNOBOL4. Except for SNOBOL2 and SNOBOL3 (which were closely related), the others differ substantially and hence are more properly considered separate languages than versions of one language. In this paper historical emphasis is placed on the original language, SNOBOL, although important aspects of the subsequent languages are covered.

Introduction and discussion of current issues at the meeting on geographical information systems.


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Question: Thin-walled space frame analysis with geometric and flexible connection nonlinearities

Abstract The effect of nonlinear flexible connection behavior on the response of space frames composed of doubly symmetric thin-walled sections including warping deformation and first-order geometric nonlinearity (beam-column and P-delta effects) is considered. The nonlinear flexural connection behavior is modeled using a Ramberg-Osgood moment-rotation relationship. Partial torsion and warping torsion resistance is assumed to respond elastically. Numerical results are presented to examine space frame behavior, which includes both flexible connection and first-order geometric nonlinear behaviors.

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This paper introduces the design and analysis of anisotropic arch-type folded plate structures. The internal forces are analyzed by using the force method of finite element plate. Three sets of formulas for the calculation of deflections are given, and the bending moment at each edge of the folded plate is obtained.


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Question: Maternal medical compromise during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes

AbstractObjective: To examine the outcomes of pregnancy and newborn following an event of maternal medical compromise during pregnancy.Methods: A retrospective study was performed on all patients hospitalized following an event of medical compromise during pregnancy. Medical compromise was divided to acute or chronic bleeding, major or complicated operations, and admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Data collected included maternal, fetal, neonatal and child’s follow-up.Results: The study included 51 pregnant patients and 58 fetuses. The study group had increased risk of preterm deliveries (35.0 versus 6.5%, p < 0.001), cesarean delivery (55.0 versus 22.7%, p < 0.001) and low Apgar scores (5.0 versus 0.45%, p = 0.002). Patients with acute bleeding had higher rates of cesarean sections, preterm deliveries, admissions to neonatal ICU and neonatal mortality. Two cases of fetal abnormalities included brain abnormalities and pericardial effusion. Three terminations of pregnancies were performed: two in pati...

Rationale: Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is a significant cause of maternal an...


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Question: Elasto-Plastic Failure Analysis of Composite Bolted Joints

An elasto-plastic finite element analysis of pin loaded joints in laminated composites has been investigated and comparisons made with both existing 2-D linear elastic plane stress analytical solutions and experimental results for a graphite/epoxy laminate. The finite element analysis included nonlinear material behavior after initial failure by assuming an elastic-perfectly plastic bimodular material model. Laminated plate theory was used to obtain lamina stresses and the Hill yield criterion applied in each layer to create a ply-by-ply failure analysis. The effect of including friction forces along the fastener hole interface on the stress distribution around the hole was also studied. Based upon the results, failure criteria are proposed for each of the basic failure modes, bearing, shearout and net-tension. Failure maps for each ply were developed to characterize the damage progression and identify critical failure strength and mode. For the [0i/±45j/90k] family of laminates the elasto-plastic finite ...

Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension