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Question: Analytic stress intensity factors for finite elastic disk using symplectic expansion

An analytic method to determine the stress intensity factors of finite elastic disk in polar coordinates is introduced with extension to various geometric domains using least-square method. It first finds the symplectic eigenfunctions after expressing the governing equilibrium equations in a Hamiltonian form for variable separation. The displacements and stresses are expanded by the symplectic eigenfunctions with coefficients determined from the boundary conditions. The stress intensity factors are actually the first two coefficients of the series and no post-processing is required. The higher coefficient gives the T-stress. Examples for discontinuous boundary conditions are included and new results are given.

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The Cosserat Spectrum theory is briefly summarized and applied to two-dimensional thermoelasticity. The discrete Cosserat eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the first bound ary value problem for a solid cylinder and a cylindrical rigid inclusion in an infinite space are derived. The problem of uniform heat flow past a cylindrical cavity is reviewed within the frame of the Cosserat Spectrum theory. The displacement fields caused by an arbitrary harmonic temperature field and a nonharmonic heat source around a cylindrical rigid inclusion are solved by the Cosserat Spectrum theory.


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Question: Allelotoxic effect of parthenin on cytomorphology of broad bean (Vicia faba L.)

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Abstract Parthenin is a natural constituent of Parthenium hysterophorus with phytotoxic and allelopathic properties. The present experiment was undertaken to determine the allelotoxic effect of parthenin on cytomorphology of Vicia faba L. The seeds were treated with different concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 μM) of parthenin for 8 h. The higher concentrations significantly reduced germination and seedling growth. A significant reduction in mitotic index was observed in seeds exposed to parthenin compared to control which decreased with an increase in concentration of parthenin. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that all parthenin concentrations significantly affect the cytomorphology of V. faba , while higher concentrations of parthenin were found to be more mutagenic and cytotoxic.

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Fewshot example: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The new proposition of "establishing a harmonious socialist society" is a significant development of Marxist theory in China\'s socialist construction. It is closely related with the idea of scientific development view and well-off society.they influence each other and form an organic unity.Every harmony-oriented type of reform must reflect the general requirements of establishing a harmonious socialist society.The principles of harmony orientation can also be applied to public finance."Harmonious finance" is the concrete embodiment of the "harmony-oriented" reform toward public finance reform.It is realized through the construction of system harmony,policy harmony and operation harmony.']" == "['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Public Finance and Harmonious Society']"

Abstract El Sawi, N.M., Geweely, N.S., Qusti, S., Mohamed, M. and Kamel, A. 2010. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Nerium oleander extracts. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 37: 25–31. The antimicrobial properties of the crude and pure extracts of Nerium oleander were investigated against three Gramve bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis), three Gram +ve bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and six fungal species (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus oryzae). The crude extract of N. oleander was more effective than purified compound. The maximum antimicrobial activities (15 and 20 mm inhibition zone) was exhibited by the crude extract of N. oleander against the most sensitive isolates (B. subtilis and A. flavus), respectively, while all pure constituents showed trace to no antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. The lowest value (25 μg/ml) of min...


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Question: Proof interpretations with truth

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This article systematically investigates so-called “truth variants” of several functional interpretations. We start by showing a close relation between two variants of modified realizability, namely modified realizability with truth and q-modified realizability. Both variants are shown tobe derived from a single “functional interpretation with truth” of intuitionistic linear logic. This analysis suggests that several functional interpretations have truth and q-variants. These variants, however, require a more involved modification than the ones previously considered. Following this lead we present truth and q-variants of the Diller-Nahm interpretation, the bounded modified realizability and the bounded functional interpretation (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The article is about using margin in a certain interval of function to repl ace univalent reciproced to generalize median principle of Larg range principle.


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Question: Effects of fasting on the hypoxia-induced erythropoietin production in rats

In order to test the hypothesis that the early cessation of erythropoietin (Ep) production during hypobaric hypoxia is induced by lowered food intake, we have compared the plasma Ep titer of rats after exposure to continuous hypoxia (42.6 kPa 2259 700 m altitude) for 4 days with that in fed or fasted rats after exposure to discontinuous hypoxia. We found that plasma Ep was rather low after 4 days of continuous hypoxia. However, the Ep titer significantly rose again, when rats were maintained normoxic for 18 h and then exposed to repeated hypoxia for 6 h. Because this was also found in rats which were deprived of food during the normoxic interval and the second hypoxic period, we conclude that the fall of the Ep titer during continuous hypoxia is not primarily due to reduced food intake. In addition, our findings show that fasting per se lowers the Ep-response to hypoxia in normal rats but not exhypoxic rats.

Objectives ::: To determine mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction (ED) during the course of arthritis and to investigate the link between cytokines, chemokines and osteoprotegerin.


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Question: Upper body power as a determinant of classical cross-country ski performance

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between short (< or =60 s) and long duration (4-12 min) measures of upper body power (UBP) and mass start classical cross-country ski performance. Several experienced skiers (eight men, five women) completed three separate tests of UBP on a double poling ergometer: two tests of highest average power output for 10 s (UBP(10)) and 60 s (UBP(60)), and an incremental test to exhaustion to measure peak oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK)) and peak power output (UBP(PEAK)). Lastly, subjects competed in a 10-km classical cross-country ski race from which race speed (RS) was computed. RS correlated highly with UBP(10) (r = 0.93; P < 0.05), UBP(60) (r = 0.92; P < 0.05), and UBP(PEAK) (r = 0.94; P < 0.05); the correlation was lower but still significant for VO(2PEAK) (r = 0.88; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that both short and long duration measures of UBP are important determinants of mass start classical ski race performance.

This study aims to determine the effect of flexibility exercises combined with plyometrics in hurdles race, on physical fitness, motor skills (MS) and hip range of motion.


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Question: Impacts of new development projects on Sudanese culture and heritage

Sudan is currently undergoing a crisis of catastrophic proportion. Often described as ''ethnic cleansing'' or ''genocide'', the situation is life threatening and unstable. Instigating factors of one of Africa's longest civil wars include religion, identity, ethnicity, and natural resources. Consequently, tension has accumulated over who is "in control" of the Sudanese conflict - the Sudanese government, the African Union, or the United Nations. International media has fixated on murders, rapes, starvation, refugees and displacement, political instability, foreign relations, and peace talks. Less attention has been focussed on social and environmental issues or cultural heritage and the implications of its destruction. Hence, this article will explore some of the impacts of a new development project on social and environmental matters, and cultural heritage sites in Sudan.

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The identification and planning of tourism’s actual and perceived economic impacts in rural areas as destination community in accordance with the...


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Question: The influence of structural defects on the optical properties of synthetic opals

We demonstrate the influence of structural defects present in opals on the Bragg reflection, the fluorescence and the Raman spectra. Based on the real opal structure, the relative ordering parameter is suggested as a criterion of sample quality. A 1D model of a periodic layered structure containing the defects typical for the synthetic opals is developed. Using a comparison of experimental and simulated reflection spectra, we show that the model can be brought closer to the real conditions if the elastic multiple scattering is taken into account within the model. To study the influence of defects on the spontaneous emission and the inelastic scattering, we have measured the fluorescence spectra of the dye R6G and the Raman spectra of Bi12SiO20 incorporated in the synthetic opal. Amplification of both the fluorescence intensity for R6G and the Raman intensity for Bi12SiO20 is observed for synthetic opal templates.

Scanning probe techniques reveal an intricate interplay between the formation of structural domains in strontium titanate and electronic transport effects at oxide interfaces.


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Question: Congenital fistulisation of Meckel’s diverticulum in omphalocele sac: case report

Fistulisation of Meckel's diverticulum in the top of an omphalocele sac is very rare. To our Knowledge, three cases were reported in the literature. We presente in this report a new case of this uncommon presentation.

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Umbilical cord anomalies are rare. The differential diagnosis for a cystic structure around the umbilical cord and its insertion include pseudocyst, omphalomesenteric duct cyst, haemangioma, omphalocele or anterior abdominal wall defects. Although cord anomalies can be detected through antenatal ultrasound scans (US), very often a definitive diagnosis cannot be made. This may affect the management of the infant at birth. In cases where antenatal US was not diagnostic, current evidence supports the use of MRI to help in making an accurate diagnosis. We report two cases of umbilical cord anomalies. The first case was diagnosed in antenatal US as an omphalocele, but was found to be an allantoic cyst with hamartoma on postnatal diagnosis. The second case was not detected on antenatal US, and was diagnosed postnatally as a small omphalocele with vitellointestinal duct remnants.


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Question: Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Epoxy Resin/Polytetrafluorethylene Coated TiNi Arch Wires

Epoxy resin/polytetrafluorethylene coating TiNi arch wires have been fabricated by dipping method.The vickers hardness,adhesion force,the maximum static friction force and biocompatibility also have been examined.The results show that the vickers hardness,adhesion force and the maximum static friction force increase with the increase of the content of epoxy resin.And the epoxy resin/polytetrafluorethylene coatings are nontoxic.

Announcement Concerning Article RetractionThe following paper has been withdrawn from the database of Mater. Trans., because a description based on a misinterpretation of the experimental results was found by the authors in advance of publication after acceptance.Mater.Trans. 52(2011) Advance view.Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Biomedical β-Type Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy while Maintaining Low Young’s Modulus through Optimizing ω-Phase Precipitation


Question: Phase segregation kinetics in segmented linear polyurethanes: Relations between equilibrium time and chain mobility and between equilibrium degree of segregation and interaction parameter

The kinetics of phase segregation of segmented linear polyurethanes, from a homogeneous single-phase system into a two-phase one, have been studied by measuring the heat capacity change at the glass transition of the soft phase. The extent of phase segregation at equilibrium is a linear function of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χ. For χ lower than about 3, no segregation can take place. This value, higher than expected theoretically, indicates forced compatibility due to chemical links between soft and hard blocks of the segmented polyurethanes. The time required to attain equilibrium is not a function of thermodynamic parameters but of the chain mobility. A linear relation is proposed between the logarithm of equilibrium time and the viscosity of the pure soft phase.

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Homopolymers and blends of polycarbonate/ThermX have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, density measurements, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The study focuses on the chain mobility and free volume in the amorphous miscible regions of the blends and how this mobility and free volume are affected by increasing crystallinity. It is proposed that judicious annealing, which results in increasing crystallinity (while avoiding ageing or transesterification), induces a constraint on the amorphous region leading to an increase in Tg and coalescence of free volume sites. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


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Question: Wigner phase‐space description above and below the classical threshold for the H+H2 reaction

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The Wigner phase‐space representation offers a semiclassical way of describing molecular collisions. In this paper the collinear H+H2 exchange reaction is studied using the Wigner phase‐space approach. The general behavior of the calculated Wigner reaction probabilities as a function of the collision energy is consistent with that of the exact quantum‐mechanical probabilities reported in the past. Quantitative disagreements between the Wigner and quantum‐mechanical probabilities arise mainly from the neglect of ‘‘dynamical’’ tunneling in the Wigner approach due to the use of real‐valued classical trajectories. Nevertheless, the Wigner approach is capable of describing some aspect of tunneling as the high momentum tail of the initial Wigner distribution function is likely to exhibit tunneling. Thus the approach yields a nonzero reaction probability below the classical threshold energy.

Abstract For heavy ion-atom collisions at low energies, rotational coupling of the 2pπ-2pσ molecular Orbitals is known to be responsible for K-vacancy production in the lighter collision partner, while 3dδ-3dπ-3dσ rotational coupling is responsible for L-vacancy production in both collision partners. We use the screened classical-path impact parameter formalism to set up and solve the coupled-state equations for the vacancy transfer probability amplitudes in these two cases.


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Question: Determination of Ground Effect from Tests of a Glider in Towed Flight

Report presents the results of an investigation made to find the effect of ground on the aerodynamic characteristics of a Franklin PS-2 glider. The lift, the drag, and the angle of attack of the glider in towed flight were determined at several heights from 0.14 to 1.19 span lengths and at various speeds for each height. Two wing arrangements were tested: the plain wing, and the wing with a nearly full-span 30-percent-chord split flap deflected 45 degrees. The experimental results for the plain wing were in good agreement with theoretical values calculated by the method of Wieselsberger for both the angle of attack and the drag coefficient at a height of 0.21 span length; Tani's refinements of the theory had a practically negligible effect on the computed values in this case.

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Experimental Studies Were Carried Out With Ejectors Having 2D And Multi Jet Nozzles To Determine If They Could Be Adopted To Drive A Low Speed Tunnel .A Model Tunnel Was Constructed And Results Obtained From Different Ejector Configurations Have Been Compared. ::: ::: The Study Suggests That An Annular Ejector Is Promising As A Candidate Configuration For Further Work Leading To An Application As A Wind Tunnel Drive.


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Question: Crystal structure of (1S,2R,4S)-1-[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane-1,2-diol

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H25NO3, contains two independent molecules with similar geometry. The morpholine and cyclohexane rings of both molecules adopt a chair conformation. Intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds are observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains parallel to the [101] direction. The chains are further connected through C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming undulating layers parallel to the (-101) plane. The absolute configuration was assigned by reference to an unchanging chiral centre in the synthetic procedure.

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By cycloaddition of arylazides to acetylacetone are obtained derivatives of 1,2,3-triazole. In the reaction of 1-[5-methyl-1-(R-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl] ethanones (IIa–IIe) and 1-[4-(4-R-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl] ethanones (VIIa-VIIe) with isatin are obtained 2-[1-(R-phenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-4-quinolinecarboxylic acids (IIIa–IIIe) and 2-[4-(4-R-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl] -4-quinolinecarboxylic acids (IXa, IXb), respectively. We found that 1-[5-methyl-1-(R-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl] ethanones (IIa–IIe) readily transform into [5-methyl-1-(R-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl] acetic acids (IVa–IVc) by the method of Wilgerodt-Kindler. The (5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)acetic acid reacts with 5-phenyl-4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol affording 6-[(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methyl]-3-phenyl[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazole (VI).


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Question: Effect of gonadal steroid hormones on the metabolic rate of the cold-acclimated gonadectomized male and female Chalcides ocellatus (Forskal).

Male and female Chalcides ocellatus were gonadectomized and cold acclimated at 15 degrees for 1 week. Lizards were injected with testosterone and estradiol, and their oxygen consumption was determined at 15 degrees. Testosterone and estradiol caused a significant increase in the whole body rate of oxygen consumption in male and female lizards, respectively.

A combined molecular biological, (bio)chemical and immunocytochemical study was carried out on the role of neuropeptides in the control of the biannual reproductive cycle in the female lobster.


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Question: New Applications & Recent Research

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Computer games and simulations for children aged three to 11 are being produced for Sesame Place, a theme park project initiated by Children's Television Workshop. Planned in various locations in the US, the first park is scheduled to open in Oxford Valley, Pennsylvania, in May 1980.

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MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


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Question: Synthesis and thermoluminescence of boron-doped germanium nanowires

Boron doped germanium nanowires were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with Au nanoparticles as nucleating centers, germanium tetrachloride as the source of germanium and B2H6 gas as source of boron impurity. Au nanoparticles were deposited on Si using 3-aminopropyltriethylsilane (APTES). The single crystal Ge nanowires with diameters ranging from 19 to 200 nm were grown in a controllable manner. Effects of Au nanoparticle size, argon gas flow, temperature and duration of growth on diameter and length of nanowires were investigated. This is the first report on thermoluminescence (TL) properties of boron doped germanium nanowires. Glow curves were fitted using computerized glow curve deconvolution program and seven overlapped peaks were obtained. Further the response of synthesized nanowires to different dose levels of UV was studied and linear response regime was determined.

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High sensitivity of gold nanoparticles co-doped with Gd 2 O 3 mesoporous silica nanocomposite to nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells


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Question: Identification of Repeated Denial of Service Attacks

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Denial of Service attacks have become a weapon for extortion and vandalism causing damages in the millions of dollars to commercial and government sites. Legal prosecution is a powerful deterrent, but requires attribution of attacks, currently a difficult task. In this paper we propose a method to automatically fingerprint and identify repeated attack scenarios—a combination of attacking hosts and attack tool. Such fingerprints not only aid in attribution for criminal and civil prosecution of attackers, but also help justify and focus response measures. Since packet contents can be easily manipulated, we base our fingerprints on the spectral characteristics of the attack stream which are hard to forge. We validate our methodology by applying it to real attacks captured at a regional ISP and comparing the outcome with header-based classification. Finally, we conduct controlled experiments to identify and isolate factors that affect the attack fingerprint.

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Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Complications of blepharoplasty.

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Although blepharoplasty is a technically straightforward procedure, many postoperative complications may occur. Some of the untoward effects may be only a transient nuisance for the patient, such as mild ocular dryness, whereas other sequelae can lead to severe visual loss. An extensive review of the prevention, diagnosis, and management of complications associated with blepharoplasty is presented.

A new trocar has been developed that increases the ease and accuracy of Lester Jones tube placement using the Cox system in conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) surgery.


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Question: ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EMISSION CHANEL FOR ION SOURCE

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The results of investigations of the ion current dependence on potential and emission channel geometry indicate that the ion current from a plasma source is limited by space charge. The maximum ion flux for a given emission channel cross section is reached at V/sub a/, where the plasma emission boundary is distributed inside the channel. The obtained data on the mean plasma density distribution and the electron temperature permits an approximate evaluation of the magnitude and density of the current in the channel and the efficiency of the working gas. (R.V.J.)

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A MICROWAVE TRANSITION BETWEEN TWO ORTHOGONAL GUIDED STRUCTURES AND MICROWAVE CIRCUIT INCLUDING SUCH THAT ON TRANSITION PROCESS TO CUTTING IN MASS, AS A FIRST STEP MILLING, A PAN 30 IN THE ANGLE FORMED BY A WALL OF GUIDANCE oRTHOGONAL STRUCTURE THE FIRST STRUCTURE WITHOUT TILT ONE OF STRUCTURES. APPLICATION TO MICROWAVE CIRCUITS FOR MILLIMETER WAVES.


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Question: Resource/accuracy tradeoffs in software-defined measurement

Previous work on network measurements have explored several primitives of increasing complexity for measurement tasks at individual nodes, ranging from counters to hashing to arbitrary code fragments. In an SDN network, these primitives may require significant bandwidth, memory and processing resources, and the resources dedicated to these can affect the accuracy of the eventual measurement. In this paper, we first qualitatively discuss the tradeoff space of resource usage versus accuracy for these different primitives as a function of the spatial and temporal measurement granularity, then quantify these tradeoffs in the context of hierarchical heavy hitter detection.

In this article the author shows how to design, analyze, and evaluate the perfomance of two-sided geometric-based control charts.


Question: Meningitis with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in cerebrospinal fluid. A case report.

A case of meningitis due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus occurred after neurosurgery. The cerebrospinal fluid cytology showed intracellular diplococci that strongly resembled Neisseria meningitidis. However, subsequent bacteriologic studies revealed a bacterium identical to A. calcoaceticus. It is of practical importance for cytology laboratories to recognize this diplococcal form of organism.

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Abstract:Achalasia is a common adult disorder that rarely manifests in children and infrequently can be associated with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections. We describe here the first case of Mycobacterium goodii pulmonary infection associated with achalasia in a pediatric patient. Hell


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Question: Management of follicular and Hürthle cell neoplasms of the thyroid gland.

Management of follicular and Hiirthle cell neoplasms of the thyroid gland is a common clinical problem. A diagnosis of follicular or Hiirthle cell carcinoma cannot be made from a fine-needle aspiration biopsy alone because it requires histologic demonstration of capsular or vascular invasion. Thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy is adequate treatment of benign follicular or Hiirthle cell adenoma and minimally invasive follicular carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy, radioiodine ablation, and thyrotropin-suppressive doses of thyroid hormone is advocated for the invasive subtype of follicular carcinoma and all Hiirthle cell carcinomas. Monitoring of serum thyroglobulin levels postoperatively is important for detection of recurrent disease.

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E.g. ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'A thesis presented to the School of Graduate Studies ::: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial ::: fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) degree, 2009'] == ['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'The effects of rural banks’ credit scheme on small-scale food crop farming in Ghana: a case study of the Jomoro Rural Bank']

A seventy five year old gentleman with the clinical diagnosis of renal tuberculosis was found to have renal squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical presentation and management are being discussed.. Key words: Squamous cell carcinoma, Renal tuberculosis, kidney.


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Question: New exact exponents for two-dimensional self-avoiding walks

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The author establishes using standard Coulomb gas methods, the values of a new set of geometrical exponents that have been previously conjectured. These exponents give, for any p, the number of configurations of p two-dimensional self-avoiding walks of the same length l which are attached by their ends.

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Provided: "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'We augment a standard dynamic general equilibrium model with financial frictions, in order to quantify the macroeconomic effects of the credit deepening process observed in Latin America in the last decade - most notably in Brazil. In the model, a stylized banking sector intermediates credit from patient households to impatient households and entrepreneurs. Motivated by the Brazilian experience, we allow the credit constraint faced by households to depend on labor income. Our model is designed to isolate the effects of credit deepening through demand-side channels, and abstracts from potential effects of credit supply on total factor productivity. In the calibrated model, credit deepening generates only modest above-trend growth in consumption, investment, and GDP. Since Brazil has experienced one of the most intense credit deepening processes in Latin America, we argue that the quantitative effects that hinge on the channels captured by the model are unlikely to be sizable elsewhere in Latin America.']" Match: "['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Macroeconomic Effects of Credit Deepening in Latin America']"

We compute the first three terms of the 1/d expansions for the growth constants and one-point functions of nearest-neighbour lattice trees and lattice (bond) animals on the integer lattice Zd, with rigorous error estimates. The proof uses the lace expansion, together with a new expansion for the one-point functions based on inclusion-exclusion.


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Question: Using Spring MVC to Realize Data Pagination Display Processing

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Combined with resource query demand,the paper discusses the ideas and skills of using Spring MVC to realize data paging display programming.Based on the introduction of the Spring MVC process,the paper analyzes design process of resource query paging processing.Controller could transfer paging information through URL parameter,the business logic could pass the paging information through the method parameter,and through the SQL statement,relational query processing could be restricted only from the database to read the current page data.In addition,in view display,data could be obtained through the EL expression from the model.The method proposed in this paper has great versatility and good efficiency in realizing paging query processing.

1. Book Overview -- 2. Spring Bean Lifecycle and Configuration -- 3. Testing Spring Applications -- 4. Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) in Spring and AspectJ -- 5. Transactions, Persistence and Database Access -- 6. Web programming with Spring MVC and Annotations -- 7. Application Testing -- 8. Advanced topics: Spring Remoting, Beans with JMX, JMS Messaging -- 9. Mock exams. .


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Question: Study on improve thermal stability of polyurethane materials

The common methods were briefly introduced to improve heat-resistant property of the polyurethane(PU)materials,including these modificatory methods and studies progress of the organic heterozygous cycles,the heat-resistant polyols,metal ions,mixture and interpenetrating polymer network(IPN).It will be prospect that development trend of the heat-resistant PU materials.

Polynylon66, as a kind of important engineering plastics, is widely used in various fields. In this work, we studied the interfacial interactions between polynylon66 and single-walled carbon nanotu...


Question: The Contribution of Psychiatric Epidemiology to Planning Better Health Care: Lessons from Scandinavia

Australia is in an exciting phase of development of psychiatric health care, supported by a Second Mental Health Strategy. Psychiatric epidemiology is a major tool in the development of better health care through accurate measurement of disorders, their prevalence, mortality and morbidity and life-time expectancy of the disorder. Epidemiology thus lays the foundation for accurate costing of health care at a national level [1]. It is also necessary in order to establish a baseline for evaluation of services and for prevention. Without an accurate knowledge of the current situation, it is impossible to estimate whether improvements have been made or whether preventive measures have been effective.

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Overview of Aging, Emotional Health and Behaviour. Section I: Prevalence and Diagnosis. Prevalence of Mental, Behavioural and Neurobehavioral Disorders among Older People with Intellectual Disabilities. Psychopathology and Older Age. General Etiological Issues. Assessment of Behavioural and Psychiatric Disorders. Depression in Adults and Aging Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Cognitive Decline and Aging. Behavioural and Psychiatric Overlays from Physical and Medical Conditions. Emotional Health and Aging in Adults with Down Syndrome. Section II Treatments and Interventions. Psychotherapy and Other Psychological Interventions. Aging--Related Behavioural Interventions. Psychotropic Medications. Dynamics of Bereavement and Grief Reactions. Section III Service System Issues. Community Mental Health and Support Services: Planning Principles and Models. Prevention Strategies and Community Education. Future Directions and Challenges


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Question: Who is where?: Matching People in Video to Wearable Acceleration During Crowded Mingling Events

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We address the challenging problem of associating acceleration data from a wearable sensor with the corresponding spatio-temporal region of a person in video during crowded mingling scenarios. This is an important first step for multi-sensor behavior analysis using these two modalities. Clearly, as the numbers of people in a scene increases, there is also a need to robustly and automatically associate a region of the video with each person's device. We propose a hierarchical association approach which exploits the spatial context of the scene, outperforming the state-of-the-art approaches significantly. Moreover, we present experiments on matching from 3 to more than 130 acceleration and video streams which, to our knowledge, is significantly larger than prior works where only up to 5 device streams are associated.

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Contents: The Information Society - The Digital Divide - The Digital Practice Perspective - The Digital Practice of Weak Tie Development - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Family Ties via Mobile Phone - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Digital Enclaves - The Digital Practice Perspective and Social Policy: Improving the Social, Cultural, and Civic Quality of the Digital Environment - Conclusion: Smart Mobs, Flash Mobs, Flash Robs and the Revolutionary Potential of the Digital Environment.


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Question: Reflected scheme for doubly reflected BSDEs with jumps and RCLL obstacles

We introduce a discrete time reflected scheme to solve doubly reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with jumps (in short DRBSDEs), driven by a Brownian motion and an independent compensated Poisson process. As in Dumitrescu-Labart (2014), we approximate the Brownian motion and the Poisson process by two random walks, but contrary to this paper, we discretize directly the DRBSDE, without using a penalization step. This gives us a fully implementable scheme, which only depends on one parameter of approximation: the number of time steps $n$ (contrary to the scheme proposed in Dumitrescu-Labart (2014), which also depends on the penalization parameter). We prove the convergence of the scheme, and give some numerical examples.

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Using the technique of moving domains, and classical direct stochastic calculus, we construct the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process, as well as its squareroot, with additional skew reflection on a deterministic time dependent curve.


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Question: A SIMPLE FILTERING-ANTENNA WITH COMPACT SIZE FOR WLAN APPLICATION

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This paper presents a simple microstrip flltering-antenna with compact size for WLAN application. The T-shape resonator through an inset coupling structure can be treated as the admittance inverter and the equivalent circuit of the flltering-antenna is exactly the same as the bandpass fllter prototype. With a little extra circuit area, the proposed flltering-antenna has almost twice wider bandwidth, good skirt selectivity and high suppression in the stopband compared to the conventional microstrip antenna.

FROM A LONG-RANGE VIEWPOINT, USE OF WIDEBAND COAXIAL-CABLE SYSTEMS OFFERS A PROMISING MEANS OF ACCOMMODATING EXISTING AND FUTURE COMMUNICATIONS, SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS ON MAJOR HIGHWAYS. INTEGRATION OF A NUMBER OF POINT-TO-POINT AND VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS MAY BE ACCOMODATED IN A WIDEBAND SYSTEM EXTENDING ALONG THE RIGHT- OF-WAY. RESTRICTION IN SYSTEM TRANSMISSION RANGE OF SIGNALS TO AND FROM VEHICLES IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE SIGNALS ARE CONFINED PRIMARILY WITHIN THE HIGHWAY AREA MAY BE PROVIDED BY A COMBINATION OF CABLE-MULTIPLEX TECHNIQUES AND INDUCTION-RADIO TRANSMISSION METHODS. /AUTHOR/


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E.g. '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Diary of a parliamentary intern']' == '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Parliamentary intern Gabrielle Laing explains how MPs and peers interact with stakeholders through the all-party parliamentary groups.']' != '["represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper\n------\nFor instance, <<Frameset for county pages of the 'Gazetteer of Market and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516' which provides information on the establishment and operation of markets and fairs from 7th century to 1516. Compiled from printed primary source material, most of which consists of the records of the royal administration.>>  to <<Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs to 1516: frameset for county pages>>", 'Whilst this is a work of fiction it is based on real events What to do before, during and after a nuclear strike.']'

Question: The Impact of Vehicular Antenna Placement on Polarization Diversity

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In this paper we describe a series of urban measure- ments designed to characterize the MIMO channel when antenna arrays with dual-polarized elements are placed on the sides of the mobile receiver. It is seen that the received signal power is highly dependent on the physical environment local to the receiver and on the position of the vehicular mounted array elements relative to the transmitter. These factors, combined with the channel's propagation characteristics, result in a spatial power imbalance across the arrays as well as cross polarization discrimination (XPD). When the spatial array power imbalance (API) exceeds the XPD polarization diversity can be exploited to improve the system performance. However, when the XPD is greater than the API spatial diversity results in improved performance. Index Terms—MIMO measurements, mobile communications, polarization diversity

Abstract : Contents: Routing and Acknowledgement Schemes for the Packet Radio System; System Capacity and Data Rate Considerations; Radio frequency Channel Capacity Considerations; Measurement Program for Packet Radio Channel Characterization; Dynamically Allocated Multiple-Channel Network Concept; Notes on Radar Test; Modulation Waveform Types; Synchronization Preambles; Impact of Channet Options on Repeater Design; Power Budget Analysis; Powers Sources for Repeaters and Terminals; Criteria of Code Selection in Minimum Shift Keyer Sense; and Microprocessor Components.


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Question: The Matter with de Clérambault: On the Baroque Obscene

AbstractIn Gilles Deleuze's terms, the Baroque is not limitable to a particular historical period of art, but instead manifests more a mode of thinking, an operation of traits. The fold, for him, is its persistent figure, and it is in an attempt to investigate the meanings and proliferations of Deleuze's attention to that form that this article turns to an interpretation of G. G. de Clerambault, an early-twentieth-century psychiatrist for whom drapery possessed especially potent fascinations. Interested in particular in the undulations of display, spectacle, and concealment that the concept of drapery contains, the article brings three broader contexts to its analysis: the pleasures of deception afforded by the cinema; the spirit-world material, or “stuff,” of ectoplasm seances and their often theatrical stagings; and, lastly, in reference to Deleuze's mentioning of an “Islamic Baroque,” the operations of veiling.

Preliminary Table of Contents: Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Emptiness: Ontological, Theatrical, Theatro-psychic 2. Surrealist Inner Space: Theatre of the (Empty) Mind 3. Beckett's Pursuit of Emptiness: The Concentrated (Empty) Image Behind the Fragmented Story In the Late Plays 4. Avatars of the Hypersubjective Dramatic Character 5. The Hypersubject Avatar Manque 6. TheHypersubjective Marionette-like Legacy of Pierrot: From the Social Space of the Commedia to the Empty Space of Nouveau Theatre Conclusion Works Cited


Question: Analysis and pruning of nonlinear auto-association networks

In the paper, an analysis of a three‐layer nonlinear auto‐association network with linear output neurons and sigmoidal hidden neurons is carried out. Simulations have shown that the hidden layer neurons of this network operate mainly in their linear region. By studying the statistical relations governing the operation of such a network, the nearly linear behaviour of the sigmoidal hidden neurons was verified. Dealing with the network as being totally linear, a pruning algorithm is proposed to find out the minimum number of hidden neurons needed to reconstruct the input data within a certain error threshold. The performance of the pruning algorithm is illustrated with two examples.

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This paper presents clustering techniques (K-means, Fuzzy K-means, Subtractive) applied on specific databases (Flower Classification and Mackey-Glass time series) , to automatically process large volumes of raw data, to identify the most relevant and significative patterns in pattern recognition, to extract production rules using Mamdani and Takagi-Sugeno- Kang fuzzy logic inference system types.


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Question: Controller design for interleaved bidirectinal DC-DC converter with coupled inductors

This paper represents design procedure of control system for interleaved bidirectional dc-dc converter. Dynamic model of the converter was compiled with help of steady-state analysis. The theoretical results were verified by means of modeling in PSIM package.

A zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) Boost converter with DC motor load is proposed. It consists of a ZVS boost converter stage and a ZVS half-bridge converter stage and two stages are merged into a single stage. The ZVS boost converter stage provides a continuous input current and ZVS operation of the power switches. The ZVS half-bridge converter stage provides a high voltage gain in DC Motor Load. The principle of operation and system analysis are presented. Theoretical analysis of the proposed converter wer verified on a Matlab Simulation using operating at 108 kHz switching frequency.


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Question: Perspectives on Dual Targeting Delivery Systems for Brain Tumors

Brain tumor remains one of the most serious threats to human beings. Different from peripheral tumors, drug delivery to brain tumor is largely restricted by the blood brain barrier (BBB). To fully conquer this barrier and specifically deliver drugs to brain tumor, dual targeting delivery systems were explored, which are functionalized with two active targeting ligands: one to the BBB and the other to the brain tumor. The development of dual targeting delivery system is still in its early stage, and attentions need to be paid to issues and concerns that remain unresolved in future studies.

Proposal For Development Of Artificial Oxygenators For Relief And Treatment Of Chronic Lung Diseases, 1977.


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Question: Smoking and Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk in Women United States

Objective: Smoking has received little consideration as a risk factor for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in women, despite recent significant findings in men and gender differences in HL incidence. We investigated the association of HL with lifetime cigarette smoking and household environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in women.

Increasing Rate of Mortality Due to HIV/AIDS in Iranian Chil-dren: An Alarm for Health Policymakers


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Question: Acridinium salts as metal-free electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Abstract Here we report the purely organic metal-free electrocatalyst — acridinium salt 9-phenyl-10-methylacridinium iodide for hydrogen evolution reaction. A controlled potential electrolysis experiment in present 9-phenyl-10-methylacridinium iodide with a simultaneous gas chromatographic analysis confirmed the catalytic production of molecular hydrogen. The behavior of the catalytic wave is typical for a “total catalysis”. A mechanism involving initial reduction of PhAcr + /PhAcr and subsequent protonation is proposed.

Abstract Ferric dichromate, polyvinylpyridine supported zinc and ferric dichromates complexes are prepared and used as stable, mild, and efficient oxidizing reagents for the oxidation of different organic compounds. Ferric dichromate complex is more efficient.


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Question: Enhanced optical transmission through an array of compound unit with multiple concentric or eccentric annular apertures

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Abstract In this paper, transmission properties through an array of compound unit with multiple concentric or eccentric annular apertures are numerically studied. It is demonstrated that the transmission of the compound structure is not a simple superposition of that of each annular aperture array but exhibit substantial changes in both the position and intensity of resonant peaks. It is also found that the gap plasmon resonance exhibit split peaks when the symmetry is broken, which can be well explained from the view of charge oscillation. These properties provide a method to achieve enhanced transmission in multi-frequencies simultaneously and are of significant applicable value to the design of tunable optical devices.

A novel fabrication route is reported for the generation of substrate-supported symmetric and asymmetric metal nanostructures. We combine a colloidal template and angled evaporation to deposit in situ mask materials for subsequent lithographic pattern transfer. The technique is demonstrated for the fabrication of concentric and nonconcentric gold rings and crescents. Optical properties of localized plasmon resonances in such structures are studied by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy and finite-difference time domain simulations during the transition from rings to crescents revealing the development of strong quadrupolar modes


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Question: Therapeutic peptide vaccines for treatment of autoimmune diseases.

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Recent advances in immunology have led to exciting new possibilities in medicine. We now understand how to design vaccine capable of resetting the balance between immune effector and regulatory cells in people suffering from autoimmune and allergic diseases. These approaches are effective while avoiding the side effects associated with non-specific immune suppression.

The present invention discloses a 2-fluoro-fumarate (Formula I) and its preparation method. Experiments have shown that such compounds can significantly inhibit TNF-α induced NF-kB transcriptional activity, and thus may be useful in treating NF-kB mediated diseases such as: psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, eye inflammation, or allergy, asthma , lupus erythematosus, and when used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation.


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Question: U.S. spent nuclear fuel management: Political, fiscal, and technical feasibility

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Successful U.S. spent nuclear fuel management policy must satisfy political, fiscal, and technical constraints. Technical requirements have been thoroughly investigated in the United States and Nordic countries for volcanic tuff, salt, and granite. Fiscal planning requires an inflation-adjusted revenue stream and predictable real interest rate earnings on fund balances. A prompt solution satisfying political constraints requires compromise between the overlapping but distinct goals of seven different sets of interests at the federal level. Absent such compromise, there will be delay until sufficient support for one of three strategies evolves: (1) force the Yucca Mountain repository on Nevada, (2) open a centralized storage facility without coupling to repository licensing, or (3) follow a “consent-based” process for repository licensing. Formulations of each of these strategies to overcome impediments to their success are described.

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Biotechnology has the potential to meet the ever-increasing demand for enhanced food production. However, several factors besides scientific and agricultural advances can disrupt the progress of this field. This article reviews the interactions between political, regulatory, international, activist, consumer, and scientific entities. A discussion of the precautionary principle is included.


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Question: Hall conductivity of amorphous solids

Abstract Quantum transport quantities, based on the fracton-electron interaction, are calculated by using the Ha¨nsch-Mahan quantum transport equation. Compared with those given by the first order and second order interaction of the fracton-electron, a Hall conductivity expression at all temperatures is presented for any fractal structure.

An analysis is made of the relationship between the susceptibility to external pressure and the structural characteristics of perovskite-like halide ferroelastics


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Given ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Wording and Meaning(s): EU-Israeli Political Cooperation according to the ENP Action Plan'], a positive would be ['Represent text.', "Although the war between Israel and Hizballah of summer 2006 and the persistent violence in Israeli-Palestinian relations have been attracting much attention, this article investigates the envisaged bilateral relations between the European Union (EU) and Israel according to the EU-Israel Action Plan of December 2004. Negotiated in the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), the document is notably vague on the envisaged political cooperation, thus reflecting the need to reconcile divergent positions on the desirable type of relations in general, and the EU's role in Middle East peace making in particular. Moreover, the expectations raised by the initial ‘wider Europe’ initiative on the Israeli side, along with EU-internal divergences on the ‘right’ approach toward Israel and the Palestine conflict, affected the negotiations on the Action Plan. However, while the bilateral Action Plan must be seen in the context of the EU's increased assertiveness on the international stage, implementing the ..."] & a negative would be ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Preface Acknowledgements Introduction 1. The EU: A Regional System of Integrative Governance 2. The Theoretical Dialogue Concerning the Study of European Integration 3. European Union Foreign Policy 4. The EU Foreign Policy System: Development of Institutions, Instruments and Practices 5. Contemporary Trends in EU Foreign Policy 6. Transatlantic Case Studies: Networks in the EU Foreign Policy Making Final Thoughts on EU Foreign Policy Bibliography Index.']

Question: WAVE HEIGHT LIMITS FOR THE STATICALLY STABLE ICELANDIC-TYPE BERM BREAKWATER

The Icelandic-type berm breakwater has been developed through a number of breakwater projects over the past two decades for a design wave height up to Hs = 7.5 m. Some of the structures have experienced waves close to or even exceeding design wave conditions and reshaping has been within the design criteria. Since the year 2000 several projects have made use of extra large stones, a class of stones heavier than 15 to 20 tonnes. This has been made possible through reliable quarry yield prediction. Recently several projects have called for modification of the design for waves exceeding 8.0 m. The paper describes some recent breakwater projects in Iceland and Norway and a project that calls for a design for a wave height Hs = 9.2 m.

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SEVERAL ASPECTS, BOTH PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL, OF THE WAY TO OBTAIN INTEGRAL AND INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR SUSPENSION BRIDGE PROBLEMS ARE ANALYSED. BOTH THE CASE OF EQUAL LOADING ON THE CABLES AND TORSION EFFECTS ARE DEALT WITH, EMPHASIZING THE CONVENIENCE OF THE APPROACH FOR DIGITAL COMPUTER CALCULATION. APPLICATION IS MADE TO THE CASE OF A SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH A CONSTANT OR VARIABLE RIGIDITY STIFFENING TRUSS. /RRL/A/


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Question: Grief, multiple loss and dementia

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Abstract Alzheimer's disease and the other dementias bring with them multiple losses for the person with dementia, their spouse and family, and professional caregivers. The person with dementia will experience the major losses of memory, role and autonomy, and ultimately of identity and selfhood. Their spouse and other family members may lose the person they knew and loved, as well as their hopes and expectations for the future, and even their home, social networks and other important sources of identity and support. Their bereavement may start long before the person dies. Professional caregivers too may experience loss when a long-term relationship with a client and their family is brought to a sudden end by the death. This article reviews these losses and how bereavement counsellors and supporters can help.

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Journals, search strategies, books, websites, and organizations to enhance practitioner cultural competency The intersection of mental health and physical health


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Question: Use of biologics and chemotherapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer

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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an additional risk of developing cancer compared with the general population. This is due to local chronic inflammation that leads to the development of gastrointestinal cancers and the use of thiopurines, associated with a higher risk of lymphoproliferative disorders, skin cancers, or uterine cervical cancers. Similar to the general population, a previous history of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease patients increases the risk of developing a secondary cancer. Large studies have not shown an increased risk of cancer in patients treated with biologics. In this review we discuss the prevention and treatment of cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Keywords Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, anti-TNF, chemotherapy, cancer Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29 (2): 127-136 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20524/aog.2016.0004

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The German guideline for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was updated using GRADE methodology. The guideline is based on a systematic literature review completed on December 1, 2016, and on a formal consensus and approval process. The second part of this short version of the guideline covers the following special patient populations and treatment situations: tuberculosis screening before and during psoriasis treatment, choice of psoriasis treatment for individuals wishing to have children, as well as during pregnancy and breast-feeding, and patients with joint involvement and vaccinations. In addition, recommendations on the choice of treatment are presented for patients with the following comorbidities: hepatitis and other hepatic impairment, HIV, malignancies, neurological and psychiatric disorders, ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, renal impairment and inflammatory bowel disease.


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Question: Volatilisation of triallate as affected by soil texture and air velocity.

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For instance, <<['Represent this text', 'The pathological basis of the formation of phlegm is the deficiency of Zang-Fu organs where as phlegm is the output of unbalance of Zang-Fu functions,Qi and blood,the circulation of the food stuff and the body fluid.In the process of human aging,the stagnation of phlegm and deficiency of Zang-fu organs both are the effect and the cause.The characteristics of pathological changes ,the anti-senility function due to precaution and treatment of phlegm are discussed.']>>  to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'THE STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN PHLEGM AND SENILITY']"

The rate of volatilisation of the formulated herbicide triallate was investigated in a wind tunnel under controlled wind-speed conditions. An experimental set-up is described which allows the monitoring of wind speed (w.s.), soil-water content, and the temperature of air and soil. A system controlling soil-water content is also described. The influence of air velocity and soil texture was investigated measuring the cumulative volatilisation losses of triallate from soil. The herbicide volatilisation losses after application ranged from 40% at 3 m/s to 53% at 9 m/s for loam soil and from 60% at 3 m/s to 73% at 9 m/s for sandy soil.

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Experiments to study the role of the soil organic matter in the transfer of radioactivity are described. Results shown that organic matter can temporarily retain part of a recent deposition in the soil. The magnitude of the effect will depend on the presence and the ratio of organic matter and clay fractions in the soil.


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Question: A short proof of Alexandroff's theorem

A SHORT PROOF OF ALEXANDROFF S THEOREM by Steve Fesmire and Paul Hlavac A. D. Alexandroff proved that there is a linear isometry between C (T) and the space of regular, bounded, additive set functions defined on a field 3 of subsets of T. Here C (T) is the dual of the space of bounded, continuous functions on a topological space T. 3 is the field generated by the zero sets of T. Dunford and Schwartz have given a simple proof of this duality theorem in the case when the underlying topological space is a normal Hausdorff space. In this note we use the methods of Dunford and Schwartz to give an elementary proof of Alexandroffs result. A SHORT PROOF OF ALEXANDROFF S THEOREM by Steve Fesmire and Paul Hlavac

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Popoviciu ( 1935) proved his result for Bernstein Polynomials. We tested the degree of approximation of function by our newly defined Bernstein type Polynomials, and so the corresponding results of Popoviciu have been extended for Lebesgue integrable function in by our newly defined Bernstein type Polynomials where


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Question: A Collocation Method for Volterra Integral Equations with Diagonal and Boundary Singularities

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We propose a smoothing technique associated with piecewise polynomial collocation methods for solving linear weakly singular Volterra integral equations of the second kind with kernels which, in addition to a diagonal singularity, may have a singularity at the initial point of the interval of integration.

Inversion of Finite Toeplitz Matrices.- Inversion of Finite ToeplitzMatrices Consisting of Elements of a Noncommutative Algebra.- Matrix Integral Operators on a Finite Interval with Kernels Depending on the Difference of the Arguments.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. I. The Resultant Operator for Matrix Polynomials.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. II. The Continual Analogue of the Resultant Operator.- The Spectrum of Singular Integral Operators in L p Spaces.- On an Algebra Generated by the Toeplitz Matrices in the Spaces h p .- On Singular Integral Equations with Unbounded Coefficients.- Singular Integral Equations with Continuous Coefficients on a Composed Contour.- On a Local Principle and Algebras Generated by Toeplitz Matrices.- The Symbol of Singular Integral Operators on a Composed Contour.- One-dimensional Singular Integral Operators with Shift.- Algebras of Singular Integral Operators with Shift.


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Question: Biological Evaluation of Styrene Oligomers for Endocrine-Disrupting Effects

In order to evaluate the endocrine-disrupting effects of the styrene oligomers in polystyrene, used in cups for instant noodles, we examined the effects of styrene monomer (SM), styrene dimers (SD: NSD-01, 08, 09) and styrene trimers (ST: NST-01, 02, 03) on the estrogen receptor (ER) binding assay, the androgen receptor (AR) binding assay, the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, the steroidogenesis in Leydig cells of rats and the uterotrophic assay of immature rats. SM, SD and ST did not significantly bind to ER or AR of rats, did not induce the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, did not inhibit testosterone production in Leydig cells of rats, and did not induce estrogen-like alteration in the uterus and vagina of immature female rats. Therefore, it appears that these SM, SD and ST have no endocrine-disrupting effects through ER, AR and steroidogenesis mechanisms.

1 Overview of Forensic Drug Analysis 2 Immunoassay Technologies For Drugs-of-Abuse Testing 3 Cannabis: Methods of Forensic Analysis 4 Analysis of the Hallucinogens 5 Cocaine: Methods of Forensic Analysis 6 Opioids: Methods of Forensic Analysis 7 Amphetamines: Methods of Forensic Analysis 8 Illicit Drug Manufacture (with an Emphasis on Cladestine Methamphetamine Production): Synthetic Methods and Law Enforcement Concerns


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Question: Game of two passions: a football fan's autoethnography

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of autoethnography within the context of sports fandom. This paper advocates the use of such qualitative methodologies to enable a greater understanding of sports fans. The paper also aims to provide greater understanding of sports fandom.Design/methodology/approach – The research moves away from traditional methodologies of studying sports fandom from an objective viewpoint and uses an evocative autoethnography to provide an account of the lived experience of a sports fan.Findings – By writing himself into his research it has been possible to gain a deeper insight into sports fandom. The subject of passion arises and while the Dualistic Model of Passion was explored as a mechanism for dealing with obsessive passion it is suggested that attempting to move away from a state of obsessive passion may diminish the enjoyment of being a sports fan.Practical implications – This paper highlights the benefits that methodologies such as autoethnography can h...

Why did Art in Ruins, a once prominent art collective, suddenly fall off the art world map? Did they run out of ideas, move on to other territories or simply withdraw in disgust? During brief lulls in their frenetic peregrinations around the glittering international art circuit, a loose group of artists, curators, critics and other art professionals discuss the mysterious disappearance of Art in Ruins, maintaining a sober tone of inquiry even as they encounter herds of bison, anomalous Richard Serra walls and security personnel steeped in art theory. Using actual dialogue from interviews with art professionals who knew Art in Ruins, Eva Weinmayr constructs a hypothetical play as an anti-documentary or anti-biography.


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Question: A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR UNILATERAL MATERIALS IN FINITE DEFORMATIONS, PART II: FINITE ELEMENT IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS

The implementation of the model for unilateral no-Tension materials described in part one in a standard isoparametric nonlinear finite elements code is described and discussed. A formulation based on the tensorial components of the Cauchy-Green deformation tensor has been used. Explicit expressions for the components of the material and geometric tangent stiffness matrices and for the equivalent internal nodal forces are furnished. Special attention has been focused on the material tangent stiffness matrix, in order to obtain satisfactory convergence properties. Some examples complete the paper.

THE METHOD DESCRIBED IN THIS ARTICLE IS AN EXTENSION OF THE ANALOGY OF THE STATICALLY INDETERMINATE GRID, WHICH TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE RIGIDITY OF THE NON-FISSURED ZONE AND THAT OF THE BRACKETS BETWEEN THE SUCCESSIVE CRACKS. THIS ARTICLE GIVES A SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN THE NON-FISSURED ZONE BASED ON CONDITIONS OF INTERNAL EQUILIBRIUM. AN ANALYSIS IS ALSO MADE OF THE STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS IN LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENTS AND OF THE DIFFERENT CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH DIFFERENT TYPES OF RUPTURE OCCUR. SOME NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS ARE APPENDED.


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Question: Comprar Peptide Drug Discovery And Development: Translational Research In Academia And Industry | Miguel Castanho | 9783527328918 | Wiley

Tienda online donde Comprar Peptide Drug Discovery And Development: Translational Research In Academia And Industry al precio 133,81 € de Miguel Castanho | Nuno C. Santos, tienda de Libros de Medicina, Libros de Farmacia - Farmacia

The Cardiovascular System, 2nd Edition Systems of the Body Series - Libros de Medicina - Sistema Cardiovascular - 25,59


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Question: His Master's Voice: Correspondence

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Response to essay by David Marr, 'His Master's Voice: the corruption of public debate under Howard' (Quarterly Essay 26).

Today and Tomorrow Vol 23 Art & Architecture includes Balbus, Or the Future of Architecture by Christian Barman, Heraclitus, Or the Future of Films by Ernest Betts, Euterpe, Or The Future of Art by Lionel R McColvin and The Future of Futurism by John Rodker. 342pp


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Question: Cecilia Betham (1843-1913): Ireland's first female international sports star

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Asked to name a female Irish international sports star, individuals such as the athletics all-rounder Mary Peters, the athlete Sonia O’Sullivan, the swimmer Michelle Smith de Bruin or the boxer Katie Taylor would spring to mind. Few would have heard of Cecilia Betham.

John Houston, writer in residence at University of Tasmania August 1991, talks about crafts.


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Question: Cotrimoxazole for prenatal treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis?

Congenital toxoplasmosis is still one of the most frequent causes of fetal death. Despite a significant improvement in diagnosis, particularly in utero diagnosis, maternal treatment is only partially effective in preventing transmission to the fetus and treating fetal infection. Maternal treatment is based on drugs developed 50 years ago, which may have limited efficacy (spiramycin) or serious side-effects (pyrimethamine). Data on the use of cotrimoxazole in mouse models of toxoplasmosis and for preventing toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients suffering from AIDS have led Francis Derouin and colleagues to consider the potential of cotrimoxazole for prenatal prevention and treatment of toxoplasmic fetal death.

Cyproterone acetate versus a continuous monophasic oral contraceptive in the treatment of recurrent pelvic pain after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis Metformin therapy improves ovulatory rates, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome Association of thrombocytopenia and delivery method with intraventricular hemorrhage among very-low-birth-weight infants Randomized trial of concurrent oxytocin with a sustained-release dinoprostone vaginal insert for labor induction at term Factors associated with an increased risk of prevalent and incident grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer among women with Papanicolaou tests classified as grades I or II cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Adverse perinatal outcomes are significantly higher in severe gestational hypertension than in mild preeclampsia Risk of Uterine Rupture during Labor among Women with a Prior Cesarean Delivery


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Question: Corporate social responsibility and performance of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)

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The paper aims to explore the impact of CSR on market-oriented performance and financial performance of SMEs. To do this, the sample selection is 620 SMEs. Results found that there is a significant contribution to the literature review, which the interest of the CSR creates the growth of the market-oriented performance, in which the sales growth, the productivity growth and the labour force growth are enclosed. This study answered the doubts about the impacts of the labour union organisation on SMEs. Although many adjustments on labour union laws, but invisible, this finding does not bring any result for SMEs' performance.

Ellili, N. O. D. (2013). The ownership structure, the board of directors and the quality of accounting information. Corporate Ownership and Control, 10, 420-433.


Question:
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E.g.
['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'The speculative e ciency hypothesis'] == ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'A percutaneous intradermal electrical connection system and implant device, the implant device including a flange and a neck extending from the flange. The neck has a cavity in its end and is provided with a lip for inhibiting the growth of epithelial or connective tissue over the neck cavity. A connecting device is partially housed within the neck cavity and allows a lead connected to the implant device to rotate through 360 DEG . The entire surface of the implant device may be electrically conductive and connected to the lead or, alternatively, the implant device may be provided with a separate electrode portion with the remainder of its surface being electrically insulated from the lead. In a preferred embodiment, the implant device is a unitary titanium member whose surface may be partially anodized to provide an insulated surface and establish the separate electrode portion. A preferred connecting device embodiment is magnetic.'] != ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Comparing other ways in recovery to promote,this article suggests that the technology from open-are to underground might reduce the cost of deploiling ore.']

Question: A discussion on the shrinking property of topology spaces

The paracompactness of a topology space is important,in order to discuss the paracompactness of a topology space and the generalizations of it,the shringking property of a topology space is discussed.The following result is got.A space is shrinking if and only if it is normal and there is a σ closed rifinement for its any increasing open cover.The result is to deepen the results of this aspect and unify the methods of this aspect.

Here we present our actual point of view on the canonical superenergy tensors.


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Question: Insights and Innovations in Teaching ESL for Rural Students - A Case Study

The importance of English language learning cannot be under estimated in the backdrop of neo- liberal industrial background of India. In this connection an English teacher teaching in rural area confronts with two distinctly paradoxical situations. First the opportunities that are available in the market are abound for trained people in industries. Secondly the inability of the student's to catch up to the expectations of the industry due to lack of communication skills and English comprehensive skills.

Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Speech encoding apparatus and speech encoding method

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If the correlation between a plurality of channels of stereo audio is small even efficient stereo audio speech coding device capable of coding a. In this device, a monaural signal generation unit (110) generates a monaural signal using the first channel signal and second channel signal included in the stereo signal. Encoding channel selection unit (120) selects one of the first channel signal and second channel signal. Monaural signal encoding unit (112), the 1ch encoding unit (122), the encoding unit containing the 2ch encoding unit (124) and a switch unit (126), the generated monaural signal is encoded, core layer with obtaining the coded data to obtain enhancement layer encoded data by encoding the selected channel signal, corresponding to the core layer encoded data.

The invention discloses a control device, which comprises a main decoding module, an auxiliary decoding module, a main coding module, au auxiliary coding module, a display control module and a local clock module used for supplying clock signals for the modules. The invention also discloses a fault reporting system utilizing the control device and a fault reporting method. Adopting the device and the system as well as the method can rapidly find out the system faults, so as to treat the faults in time.


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Question: Enantioselective synthesis of polyzonimine and nitropolyzonamine, spirocyclic compounds from the defensive glands of a millipede, Polyzonium rosalbum

Abstract Asymmetric Michael addition of the enamine derived from 2,2-dimethylcyclopentanecarboxaldehyde and ( S )-prolinol methyl ether to nitroethylene afforded the adduct of 76% ee, which finally yielded enantiomerically pure (+)-polyzonimine and (+)-nitropolyzonamine, compounds from the defensive glands of a millipede, Polyzonium rosalbum . The absolute configuration of (+)-polyzonimine was determined as S .

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One new compound, palmarumycin LP1 (I), is isolated together with three known spiro-dioxynaphthalene compounds, related to palmarumycins.


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Question: Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Foot and Ankle—Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOOT AND ANKLE DEFORMITY AND DISEASE DURATION IN 50 PATIENTS

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For example, '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!', 'Based on the high concentration of organic matter in biogas slurry from anaerobic digestion of blue-green algae,a combined process of oxidation ditch and aquatic plant filter bed was used to treat the biogas slurry.The study found a high complementarity between the oxidation ditch and aquatic plant filter bed,which improved the treatment effect of the biogas slurry.The average concentrations of COD,NH3-N,TN and TP in the effluent were 50 mg/L,1.6 mg/L,6 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L,respectively,meeting the first level A criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002).Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) analysis showed that the oxidation ditch was efficient in refractory organics removal,and the aquatic plant filter bed performed water purification through plant uptake,microbial degradation and filtration.Microorganisms in the coupled system could effectively degrade microcystins to 1 μg/L in the biogas slurry.']' should be close to '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Oxidation Ditch and Aquatic Plant Filter Bed for Treatment of Biogas Slurry from Anaerobic Digestion of Blue-green Algae']'

Rheumatoid arthritis frequently results in synovitis and deformity of the ankle and foot. Rheumatoid vasculitis presents with skin ulceration, digital ischemia, nodules, and mononeuritis multiplex. The relationship of disease duration and deformity is discussed in 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

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iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: THE PALEOLITHIC DISEASE BASELINE AND THE “OLD FRIENDS” HYPOTHESIS 11 CHAPTER 3: THE FIRST EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION: A RISE IN EPIDEMIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE 18 3.1 INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS: SYMPTOMS AND VIRULENCE 20 CHAPTER 4: COMPLEX, CHRONIC DISEASE 27 4.1 NUTRITION 28 4.2 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 30 4.3 TYPE II DIABETES AND INSULIN RESISTANCE 31 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 36 REFERENCES 39


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Question: A GDPR Controller for IoT Systems: Application to e-Health

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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) targets personal data protection of the European Union citizens, with a strong input on the rights of people to control their data. Current GDPR solutions are adhoc and are still challenging for scalable systems like Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we propose a general solution of a GDPR Controller in IoT systems. The controller gives the data owner a full control of his data: setting security policies, modifying them on run time, tracking data flow and notifying him for any illicit access. The controller architecture is validated and evaluated using an e-health use case with acceptable overhead on the system performance.

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionThe Information Sharing to Make Use of an ICT SystemThe Evaluation Function of the ICT SystemThe Value Propagation Chain Caused by the ICT SystemActive Use of the Evaluation Function in KPMAn Example of Visualizing the Effect of Risk Distribution on InvestmentSample calculationDiscussionConclusionReferences


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Question: Concrete bridge construction and methods.

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The concrete over-bridging construction (1,2,3,4,5) comprises a body which extends over a lower located ground surface and/or water and incorporates a transport system upon it. It comprises an upper body and an under body, connected together by at least two connecting bodies. A space between the connecting body, the under body and the upper body is empty or is filled with a fuller medium of low density. The construction longitudinally has a pre-tensioned reinforcement (12,13). This reinforcement is located in the under body, the upper body and/or the connecting body. At least a part of the reinforcement in the connecting body is non-linear under pre-tension (14,15). It is fitted in at least two directions under pre-tension. In the overbridging body the non-linear reinforcement is fitted in the longitudinal direction and in a further direction under pre-tension.

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Basic electric schemes and installations for testing machines of a direct current are considered.


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Question: The Role of the Victim during Criminal Court Proceedings

The increasing interest and concern for victims of crime in the past few years has led many victim advocates to argue that the exclusion of victims from a formal role in proceedings has resulted in their alienation from the criminal justice process. In order to alleviate these problems, victim advocates argue that more rights should be accorded to victims during the criminal justice process, including greater participation in proceedings and the introduction of victim impact statements and some State governments, seeing political advantage in supporting victims of crime, moving towards providing substantive rights for victims during court proceedings.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title Given ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Objectives:To investigate the strategy for early diagnosis in clinical treatment of primary gallbladder carcinoma.Methods:36 patients with primary gallbladder carcinoma were enrolled,Eligible patients had been histologically or cytologically confirmed.A retrospective clinical review was performed of the patients.Results:The clinical manifestation of primary gallbladder carcinoma was atypical in the early stage,75% of all the cases were accompanied with gallstones.Conclusions:primary gallbladder carcinoma is prone to be misdiagnosed for no specific clinical features in the early stage.There is a correlation between primary gallbladder carcinoma and longstanding gallstones.Ultrasound should be the first selection for the early diagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma.Ultrasound and/or Computed tomography (CT) and histopathology should be performed among highrisk population in early screening for primary gallbladder carcinoma.'], a positive would be ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'The Clinic Analysis of 21 Cases with the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma']

Children as Witnesses in Court Issues and Dilemmas In the Eye of the Beholder Reactions to Children as Legal Witnesses The Developing Child A Psycholegal Perspective Children in Court Issues of Comprehension, Memory, and Communication With Liberty and Justice for All Protecting the Rights of Child Witnesses, Defendants, and the Public Resolving the Dilemmas The Marriage of Social Science and the Law In the Aftermath of McMartin Society's Rights to Accurate Testimony


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Question: Williston Basin Paleozoic Unconformities: ABSTRACT

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The Williston basin is primarily a Paleozoic basin. Regional Paleozoic unconformities are present in the basin at the base of the following: Cambrian, Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Lower Mississippian, Middle Pennsylvanian, and Middle Permian. The unconformity at the base of the Mississippian is the most pronounced of the regional unconformities. Regional stratigraphic sections and isopach maps are used as illustrations. End_of_Article - Last_Page 946------------

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Mining Non-ferrous Metals The Environmental Impact of Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon Revegetation of Metalliferous Wastes and Land After Metal Mining Vegetative Remediation at Superfund Sites Green Coal Mining Methane Emissions from Coal Mining Constructing Ecosystems and Detecting their Connectivity to the Larger Ecological Landscape The Discharge of Waters from Active and Abandoned Mines Environmental Best-practice in Metals Production. Subject Index.


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Question: The Study of Electret Performance of Melt-blow Nonwovens Material as Medical Protective Mask

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In this experiment the melt-blown material were processed with external corona electret with different process parameter,such as voltage,time,and different sides.Through this we can analyse and discuss the effect of different parameters on the air permeability performance and filter performance.In addition,we keep the filter material under the normal condition for 480 and 960 hours,then we analyse the stability of the charges.In conclusion when I raise the voltage and time the breathe performance will weaken;but the filter performance improved as I raise the voltage,two sides;when I process the material for a longer time,the filter performance will raise first then weaken for a little;when I keep filter material for a longer time,the charge will weaken and exhibit a lower lever of filter performance.

Biomaterials * Optical Components * Construction Materials * Nuclear Waste Containment * Ceramic Superconductors * Archeologically Significant Articles.


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Question: Creating A Borderless World of Education for Refugees

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Today, there are 16.1 million refugees worldwide under the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ mandate. Among the refugee population, half of them are children and six million are of primary and secondary school-going age. The number of displaced people around the world has reached unprecedented levels in the recent years since the Syrian crisis escalated. Refugees, because of language and other barriers, face a particularly difficult challenge in attaining even a basic education. Keeping the barriers and challenges in mind, education is now seeking the help of technology to create new and sometimes unexpected opportunities for pathways to education for refugees. This chapter will highlight the contribution of University of the People, a tuition-free, non-profit, American accredited, online university that has been working with refugees to enable access to higher education for those living in refugee camps and other displaced people around the world.

Snapshots of a Shrinking Work Force. The New Worker. The Work Force Revolution. Mother, Daughter, Worker, Wife. Moving Into the Mainstream. Cultural Matchmaking. Opening Doors to the Disabled. When Old Isn't. Making 20-20 Management Work. Beyond the Company's Doors.


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Question: HOW ARE SPEED LIMITS SET? AN EXAMPLE FROM TXDOT

Like many other states, Texas is raising the speed limit on its freeways and interstates to 113 kph (70 mph) following the federal government's repeal of the 88 kph (55 mph) national maximum speed limit. Texas' new speed limit is based on the 85th percentile speed rule, which means that 85 percent of motorists will be driving at or below a reasonable speed for existing conditions. Research has shown that motorists select their speeds based on the driving environment--roadway geometry, traffic conditions, weather, and pedestrians. A common argument against raising the speed limit is that more accidents will occur; however, this argument has not held up under scrutiny.

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THE FEASIBILITY WAS DEMONSTRATED OF A TECHNIQUE THAT RELIES ON PASSING MOTORISTS TO REPORT VEHICLES NEEDING HELP. THE SYSTEM IS NAMED FLASH, WHICH IS AN ACRONYM FOR FLASH LIGHTS AND SEND HELP. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF THE FIRST INSTALLATION ON INTERSTATE 4 BETWEEN LAKELAND AND ORLANDO, FLORIDA. /AUTHOR/


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Question: The Effective Research of Comprehensive English Teaching Mode in the Network-based Multimedia Environment

Based on the constructivism theory,the paper combines with teaching requirements of the comprehensive English,constructs the comprehensive English teaching mode in the network-based multimedia environment,improves the students' English comprehensive application ability through the implementation of the teaching mode.

Contents: Part I:The Foundation for Reform. The New Liberal Arts. Media Education and Technology. The New Professionalism and the University: A Blueprint for Renewal. The New Professionalism and the Media Practitioners: A Blueprint for Reconstruction. Part II:Building for Reform. Frameworks for the Enriched Major. Building Toward the New Professionalism. Teachers and Students on the Front Line of Reform. Accountability and Accreditation.


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Question: Maternal western diet primes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adult offspring in mice (1085.4)

Metabolic programming via the maternal diet during gestation may play a role in the development of different aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Using a mouse model we aimed to characterise the role of maternal western type diet in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the offspring. Female mice were fed either a western (W) or low-fat control (L) semi-synthetic diet before and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, male offspring were assigned either the W or the L diet, generating four experimental groups: WW, WL, LW and LL offspring. Biochemical, histological and epigenetic indicators were investigated at 29 weeks of age. Male offspring exposed to prenatal and post-weaning western-style diet (WW) showed hepatomegaly combined with accumulation of hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides. This was associated with up-regulation of de novo lipid synthesis, inflammation and dysregulation of lipid storage. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of advanced steatohepatitis...

Rats recover from copper-induced liver damage and subsequently become tolerant to the metal; an adaptation associated with changes in the subcellular distribution of copper within the liver (Haywood, Loughran & Batt, 1985).


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Question: Cross-phenotype meta-analysis reveals large-scale trans-eQTLs mediating patterns of transcriptional co-regulation

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Genetic variation affecting gene regulation is a central driver of phenotypic differences between individuals and can be used to uncover how biological processes are organized in a cell. Although detecting cis-eQTLs is now routine, trans-eQTLs have proven more challenging to find due to the modest variance explained and the multiple tests burden of testing millions of SNPs for association to thousands of transcripts. Here, we successfully map trans-eQTLs with the complementary approach of looking for SNPs associated to the expression of multiple genes simultaneously. We find 732 trans- eQTLs that replicate across two continental populations; each trans-eQTL controls large groups of target transcripts (regulons), which are part of interacting networks controlled by transcription factors. We are thus able to uncover co-regulated gene sets and begin describing the cell circuitry of gene regulation.

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Soumya Raychaudhuri, Buhm Han and colleagues present a statistical method to distinguish whether shared genetic risk variants among complex traits are driven by whole-group pleiotropy or a subset of individuals who constitute a genetically heterogeneous subgroup. They use the method to examine genetic sharing among autoimmune diseases and between major depressive disorder and schizophrenia and find that most genetic sharing cannot be explained by subgroup heterogeneity but that, in contrast, seronegative rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous condition.


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Question: RF characterization and modeling of various wire bond transitions

This paper presents radio-frequency (RF) characterization and modeling of various wire bond transitions between chips and packages. Test modules composed of Si chips and alumina packages are fabricated in conductor-backed (CB) structures, and they are characterized at frequencies up to 20 GHz. It is shown that the parallel plate resonance of the CB coplanar waveguide (CPW) persists in wire bonding transitions, and narrower-ground CPW-CPW transitions show better characteristics than wider-ground CPW-CPW transitions. The results of three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulation on the test modules reproduce the measured results with a reasonable accuracy. Simple equivalent circuit modeling can reproduce the measured results of the narrower ground CPW transition with no resonance structures. Finally, the effects of bond wire length and impedance mismatch on RF performance are investigated.

Wire bond packaging for semiconductor devices has been the choice of low cost implementation to memory interface and high-speed transceivers. However, accurate characterization for wire bond package remains challenging owing to lack of consistent probing methodology. Meanwhile, semiconductor devices tend to have increasingly higher density of I/O, logic circuits and transceiver circuits yet shrinking die size. Therefore, the bonding die pads have to be allocated ever closer to accommodate more I/Os, transceivers and powers. This has made any 2-port transfer function measurement involving link between die pad through wire to BGA balls next to impossible. In this paper, an innovative measurement technology, surrogate chip substrate is proposed to enable accurate and consistent wire bond package measurements for multiple High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) channel, Double Data Rate (DDR) interface, and wire bond implementation of Power Distribution Networks (PDN)