Question:
represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract
E.g. ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on oxygen transport in cardiac surgery'] == ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Objective: To examine the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on oxygen transport in cardiac surgery. Methods: 15 patients who underwent selective cardiac surgery under CPB were included in this study. The concentration of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in erythrocyte and P50 (oxygen tension when hemoglobin was 50% saturated) were measured before surgery and after CPB. The morphology of erythrocytes was observed under scanning electron microscope. Results: The content of 2,3 DPG in erythrocyte increased significantly at end of CPB [preoperative, (6.39±1.27) μmol/ml vs. postoperative, (7.82±1.55) μmol/ml, P 0.05]. The measurement of P50 value showed there was no obvious changes during the procedure. The normal erythrocytes underwent an echinocytic shape transformation during CPB. Conclusion: Although shape of erythrocytes changed, the ability of oxygen transport of erythrocytes was not affected by CPB in cardiac surgery.'] != ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Appropriately applied, hypothermic cardioplegia allows an excellent surgical setting that can significantly reduce the myocardial ischemic injury resulting from anoxia. One thousand eighty adult and pediatric patients underwent a variety of corrective cardial surgical procedures utilizing cold potassium cardioplegic solution injected into the coronary arteries via the aortic root. Myocardial septal temperature was maintained at 18--20 degrees during arrested time. This group of patients was compared to a group of 220 patients that underwent intermittent normothermic ischemic arrest to perform cardiac surgical procedures. Significant reduction in morbidity, mortality, perioperative myocardial infarction was noted in favor of the cardioplegic group. Metabolic coronary sinus blood analysis in the group undergoing surgery with cardioplegia revealed favorable changes in myocardial lactate and oxygen extraction.']

Question: Catalyst modification by metal deposition: the deposition of silver on platinum at underpotential and overpotential

It is demonstrated that platinum catalysts can be modified by electrochemical means. The deposition of silver is described at both underpotential and overpotential. Although the deposition reactions can be quantified, the electrode kinetics cannot be investigated because of the simultaneous formation and reduction of platinum oxides.

An investigation was carried out in the electro-oxidation of methanol on a carbon-supported ternary PtRu catalysts in half cell experiments, by cyclic voltammetry and stationary current-voltage measurements.The materials were prepared by formic acid reduction and impregnate of metal oxide collodial sols.Using stripping charge of saturated CO coverage as determination of specific electrochemical surface area , the results demonstrated that MoOx , WOx had no adsorption on CO. It was found that the introduction of metal oxidation (MoOx , WOx ) led to the improvement of catalytic activity towords methanol electro-oxidation.


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Question: Spatial Light Modulators And Applications For Optical Information Processing

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A review of spatial light modulator technologies is presented, including the description and performance parameters of the main devices, and their main applications for optical information processing. The various performance trade-offs and their impact on emerging new technologies and future trends of spatial light modulators are discussed.

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OAK B204 Novel Glassy Nematic Liquid Crystals for Non-destructive Rewritable Optical Memory and Photonic Switching


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Question: Microstrip-strip feed transparent ceramic rectangular dielectric resonator antenna

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A transparent ceramic (TC) material with low relative dielectric constant of 7 has been used to form a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) working at the frequency of 5.05GHz. The TC-RDRA is fed by using a microstrip-strip structure. The performance of such an antenna has been investigated experimentally and by simulation. The experimental and simulation results have shown a good agreement.

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This paper reviews some recently developed compact wideband bandpass filters based on the multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology, including multilayer lump-element bandpass filter, multilayer multiple-mode filter and multilayer lump-element-resonator bandpass filter. Miniature techniques using the multilayer topologies on multilayer liquid crystal polymer substrates are described with some examples, which can be explored for reducing the size of the modern high density communication systems.


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Question: Controllable generation of highly stripped ions with different charges by nanosecond laser ionization of clusters at different wavelengths

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We report an effective method to selectively produce highly charged ions by photoionization of cluster beams using commercial nanosecond Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet lasers at different wavelengths. He-like ions of C4+, N5+, O6+, S6+ and highly charged Xeq+(q∼19) ions are produced when cluster beams of benzene, ammonia, acetone, hydrogen sulfide, and xenon are irradiated, respectively, by 1064 nm laser with intensity of ∼1011W∕cm2. While the cluster beams are irradiated by 532 nm laser of similar intensity, the ions of the highest charge state switch to C3+, N3+, O3+, S4+ and Xe11+, respectively.

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Visible optical emission from electronically excited molecular N/sub 2//sup +/ or CO/sup +/ ions was successfully exploited to investigate focusing properties of ion deceleration lens in our ion beam deposition (IBD) system. Yellow or blue light emission was clearly observed at the exit of the deceleration lens when N/sub 2//sup +/ or CO/sup +/ ions was decelerated from 25 keV down to 10 eV or below. The use of these molecular ions is very useful in designing a deceleration lens not only for IBD systems but also for low energy ion implantation systems for shallow junction formation.


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Question: [Charles W. Williams in South Korea at the DMZ, 1991]

Photograph of Charles W. Williams in U.S. Navy uniform. He is shown in front of a historical display in South Korea. A sign is on the left, and a sand-bagged tunnel entrance is behind him.

Back of photograph: Junk Yard on Poyntz Ave.and Manhattan Ave., Manhattan, Kansas. June 20, 1937


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Question: Features of the development of oil refineries in China and their impact on army petroleum procurement

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Military oil supply is ensured by army petroleum procurement.Along with the development of the international and domestic oil markets,domestic oil refineries have shown some new features of development,such as large-scale production,market-oriented production and sale. Those features of development have brought new problems and challenges to army petroleum procurement.Based on an analysis,the impacts of the development of oil refineries in China on army petroleum procurement were studied in this paper.In addition,suggestions for solving the army petroleum procurement problem were proposed.

The paper analyses the status of the problems and difficulties faced by the packaging industry in west china, and proposes practical tactics of how to upgrade the competence of the industry.


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Question: Gatekeeping and the Melting Pot: Interaction in Counseling Encounters

To what extent do junior college counselors advise students on the basis of nominally objective criteria such as grades, aptitude scores and available job or college slots? To what extent do they judge students' potential on other grounds generated interactionally, such as race, ethnicity, appearance or communication style? This article explores the relationship of social identity, cultural communication style and the gatekeeping process. By analyzing films, videotapes and the participants' reactions, the author tested the hypotheses that the more alike counselors and students were in terms of social identity and communication style, the more smoothly the counseling interaction would proceed and the more special help counselors were likely to give students. While the hypotheses were confirmed in general, the author found that race, ethnicity and cultural style could be overridden by other factors. After a discussion of the theories behind interactional dynamics, the author presents the data collected in t...

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Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


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Question: Mirror-Image Gene Transcription and Reverse Transcription

Summary The flow of genetic information between DNA, RNA, and protein lays the molecular foundation of life. Here, we show the transcription of a mirror-image gene into L-RNA and reverse transcription into L-DNA by synthetic D-polymerases based on designed mutants of the DNA polymerase Dpo4. Furthermore, the reverse-transcribed L-DNA was amplified by mirror-image PCR and sequenced by nucleobase-specific chemical cleavage. As a step toward the synthesis of a mirror-image ribosome, we enzymatically transcribed full-length mirror-image 5S rRNA. The realization of a comprehensive mirror-image transcription, reverse transcription, PCR, and sequencing toolbox will enable the directed evolution of nuclease-resistant L-RNA aptamers and ribozymes and spur the development of other functional mirror-image molecular systems.

Debugging Of Large-scaled Data Processing Systems Like Supercomputers Is Becoming More Difficult. One Of The Causes Of The Trouble Is A Long Time For Reproducing VlSI's To Change Logic Design. An Automated On-chip Direct Wiring Modification System, Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) And Laser CVD, Was Developed. It Reduced The Logic Change Period To One Day. The Debugging Time Of The Newest Mainframe Computer M880 Was Shortened By A Few Months.


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Question: Study of Virtual Driving Simulation Model Based on Vehicle System Dynamics

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Based on vehicle system dynamics,an automobile emulated driving model was established,which includes engine model,speed model,transmission system model,clutch model,brake system model and steering system model.Based on the above model,the development of vehicle virtual driving simulation system could accurately simulate vehicle states of various driving conditions such as starting,accelerating,turning,braking and ramp driving and vehicle dynamic response.The above model has provided a complete virtual vehicle dynamics model for vehicle driving simulation system.Furthermore,this model can also be used for automobile digital design,testing the vehicle dynamic performance.

1. Spatially Mobilized Plane (SMP) and SMP Criterion 2. Introduction to Cam-Clay Model 3. The Cam-Clay Model Revised by the SMP Criterion 4. Elastoplastic Constitutive Models for Geomaterials using Transformed Stress 5. Concluding Remarks


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Question: Mapping of three self-fertility mutations in rye (Secale cereale L.) using RFLP, isozyme and morphological markers

Three mutations determining self-fertility at the S, Z and S5 self-incompatibility loci on chromosomes 1R, 2R and 5R of rye, respectively, were mapped using three different F2 populations. There was a close linkage of one isozyme and four RFLP markers, and no recombinant plants were detected. These markers are Prx7, Xiag249 and Xpsr634 for the S locus (1R), Xbcd266 for the Z locus (2R) and Xpsr100 for the S5 locus (5R). Linkage data for markers associated to the self-fertility mutations at the S, Z and S5 loci were calculated and compared with genetic maps computed by MAPMAKER multipoint analysis.

Momordica charantia is a monoecious plant of the Cucurbitaceae family that has both male and female unisexual flowers. Its unique gynoecious line, OHB61-5, is essential as a maternal parent in the production of F1 cultivars. To identify the DNA markers for this gynoecy, a RAD-seq (restriction-associated DNA tag sequencing) analysis was employed to reveal genome-wide DNA polymorphisms and to genotype the F2 progeny from a cross between OHB61-5 and a monoecious line. Based on a RAD-seq analysis of F2 individuals, a linkage map was constructed using 552 co-dominant markers. In addition, after analyzing the pooled genomic DNA from monoecious or gynoecious F2 plants, several SNP loci that are genetically linked to gynoecy were identified. GTFL-1, the closest SNP locus to the putative gynoecious locus, was converted to a conventional DNA marker using invader assay technology, which is applicable to the marker-assisted selection of gynoecy in M. charantia breeding.


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Question: Limitations in the Use of Barrier Buckets in a Beta Beam Decay Ring

Beta Beam, the concept of letting accelerated radioactive ions generate a pure and intense (anti‐) neutrino beam by beta decay, is the basis of one of the proposed next generation neutrino oscillation facilities, necessary for a complete study of the neutrino oscillation parameter space. The first CERN based scenario, using 18Ne and 6He as νe and νe emitters respectively, has shown a shortfall in 18Ne production. We have now entered the era of the studies of an alternative CERN based baseline. This alternative investigates how the ions 8B and 8Li can be produced in high quantities in a “Production Ring,” accelerated and then accumulated in a “Decay Ring.” The idea of an alternative RF scheme for the Decay Ring, to use RF barriers to collect all ions in one “Barrier Bucket,” has been tested. Longitudinal phase space simulations show that with the Barrier Bucket method it is unfeasible to optimize between ion intensity in the bucket and the duty cycle the bucket occupies. Therefore the prior RF scheme, whi...

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Surgical management of diffuse hemorrhage from gastric mucosa.

Abstract The role of the vagus nerves in gastric microcirculation and the efficacy of vagotomy with direct spray of a polymerizing agent on bleeding gastric mucosa were studied. To assess the efficacy of vagotomy in diffuse hemorrhage from the gastric mucosa, microcirculatory responses of the stomach prior and after vagotomy were studied using an ultropak intravital microscope and microangiohistologic technics with silicon rubber injection compound in dogs. Vagotomy opened arteriovenous shunts and reduced the hemorrhage from the mucosa. Vagotomy followed by the application of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive spray which polymerized at the bleeding mucosal surface provided complete hemostasis without ill effects.

We report a case of perihepatic adhesion due to severe endometriosis.


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Question: Cytotoxic Sesquilignans from the Roots of Saururus chinensis

structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of 7′′R,8′′S-saucernol (I) and saucerneol J (7′′R,8′′S-configuration) (II) along with six known compounds

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Abstract The following fungi are recorded in New Zealand for the first time: Elsinoe parthenocissi Jenkins and Bitancourt on Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb, and Zucc.) Planch (Virginia creeper), Venturia circinans (Fr.) Sacc. on Geranium molle L. (crane’s-bill); V. enteleae n. sp. on Entelea arborescens R. Br.; Griphosphaeria corticola (Fckl.) Hoehnel on Rosa sp., on Rosa rubiginosa L. (sweet briar), on R. idaeus L. (raspberry); Cryptosporella viticola Shear on Vitis vinifera L. (grape); Sclerotinia minor Jagger on Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce), and on Lotus sp., on Plantago lanceolata L., on Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, (tomato); Pyrenchaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorenz, Walker, and Larsen on Allium cepa L. (onion); Colletotrichium trifolii Bain and Essary on Medicago sativa L. (lucerne); Botrytis byssoidea J. C. Walker on onion; Cercospora althaeina Sacc. on Modiola caroliniana D. Don.; C. eupatorii Peck on Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng; C. haloragi n. sp. on Haloragis erecta (Banks ex Murr.) Eichl.; C....


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Question: PLCγ, G-protein of the Gαq type and cADPr pathway are associated to trigger the fertilization Ca2+ signal in the sea urchin egg.

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In all species, fertilization triggers in the egg a rapid and transient increase of intracellular free calcium (Cai), but how this signal is generated following sperm and egg interaction has not been clearly characterised yet. In sea urchin, a signalling pathway involving tyrosine kinase and PLCγ has been proposed to be at the origin of the fertilization Cai signal. We report here that injection of src homology-2 (SH2) domains of the sea urchin PLCγ inhibits in a competitive manner the endogenous PLCγ, alters both the amplitude and duration of the fertilization Cai wave, but does not abrogate it. Our results suggest that PLCγ acts in conjunction with a cADPr pathway and G-proteins of the Gαq type to trigger the fertilization Cai wave, and reinforce a crucial role for PLCγ at mitosis and cytokinesis.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene CCH1 (ORF YGR217w) shows high homology with animal calcium channel alpha1-subunit genes. Knock-out mutants were constructed of Cch1 and of Mid1 which is known to mediate Ca2+ influx in response to the alpha-mating pheromone. Cch1 is involved in calcium influx and the late stage of the mating process. The cch1 mutant sensitivity against the alpha-mating pheromone can be reduced by the addition of extra calcium. The product of this gene is likely to interact with the MID1 gene product in Ca influx or its control.


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Question: Motives for Playing Pokémon GO and Their Associations with Problematic and Health Behaviors

Pokemon GO has been increasingly popular since its first release in July 2016. Due to the massive success of this game, a growing body of research has accumulated in recent years investigating the motives for playing Pokemon GO. This chapter provides an overview of empirical studies that aimed to explore a wide range of motives that drive players to use and re-use this popular augmented reality game. Overall, 14 studies have been identified, and 8 main motives were classified based upon this literature: social, physical/outdoor activity, nostalgia, fun/enjoyment, competition/achievement, exploration/curiosity, boredom, and trendiness. In addition, players were motivated to collect all Pokemon species, experience the advantages of AR games, and escape from reality. The associations of these motives with adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are also discussed in this chapter, alongside with the possibilities for future research.

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Contents: The Information Society - The Digital Divide - The Digital Practice Perspective - The Digital Practice of Weak Tie Development - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Family Ties via Mobile Phone - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Digital Enclaves - The Digital Practice Perspective and Social Policy: Improving the Social, Cultural, and Civic Quality of the Digital Environment - Conclusion: Smart Mobs, Flash Mobs, Flash Robs and the Revolutionary Potential of the Digital Environment.


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Question: Internal Cation Mobilities in Molten Lithium—Potassium Fluoride

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Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Abstract 1. 1. Collagen fibrils were isolated and purified from the body wall tissue of the starfish, Asterias amurensis . 2. 2. The fibrils were elongated spindle-shaped and heterogeneous in size. They were similar in shape, while different in size and chemical composition, to sea cucumber fibrils (obtained from Stichopus japonicus ). 3. 3. Variety in the properties of body wall tissue among echinodermal animals presumably depends on variety in the properties of the constituent collagen fibrils.']" Match: "['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Shape, size and amino acid composition of collagen fibril of the starfish Asterias amurensis']"

Relative differences between internal cation mobilities in molten (Li, K) F have been measured by countercurrent electromigration (Klemm method) at 1023 K. Internal mobilities of K+ are larger than those of Li+ in all composition on which we have measured so far. More striking feature is that the isotherms have minimum of mobilities at ca. xK=0.5. The local structural parameters would be highly related to the ionic conduction behavior in molten fluorides.

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Characterization of Linear Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) and Cloud Points in its Aqueous Solutions


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Question: Vehicle accessory battery charging system

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide an auxiliary battery charging system for monitoring and regulating the flow of energy to an auxiliary battery provided in a vehicle. More specifically, the auxiliary battery charging system of the present disclosure, a monitoring control device that is configured to work with a plurality of sensors, a display device and a battery charger to the battery conditions (such as temperature, voltage, time of the last load) indicate the to initiate charging of the auxiliary battery if the auxiliary battery voltage reaches a predetermined minimum voltage, and to turn off the charging process when the auxiliary battery voltage has reached an optimal level.

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Analysis is made the common-seen malfunctions that occur to the engine retrofire system, and given the trouble-shootings.


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Question: Cloning and Sequencing of the Chaetocin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster

How a fungus does it: The epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) fungal alkaloids, which include gliotoxin, have garnered much attention since their initial isolation. The cloning and sequencing of the biosynthetic gene cluster for another ETP, chaetocin A were used to suggest a route towards dimerization and sulfur incorporation in these molecules.

Perspectives and Summary 227 Structure 228 Reductases 230 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formaldehyde ...... 233 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formate 240 Reaction of the One-Carbon Unit at the Methyl Leve/ of Oxidation 244 Pterin-Dependent Hydraxy/ations 245


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Question: Energy-Saving Emission Reduction and Equipment in the Field of Theromechanical Processing

Based on the analysis of energy-saving emission reduction status in the field of mechanical manufucturing industry,new technology,new processing and equipments are proposed,such as digitial manufacturing process into casting and forging,development of new foundry materials by decrtement,near net shaping in the casting and forging field,and special technology to shorten the process of casting and forging,melting trend of energy-saving process,automation and control to promote the cleaner production of casting and forging. These new technologies and new equipments can provide strongly support for the machinery industry to achieve energy saving and environmental protection,clean production. With the development of machinery manufacturing process towards digitization,precision,flexiblity,intelligenence and greenization,a large number of high-quality,high efficiency,low or non-cutting new manufacturing technologies are increasingly emerged,and are progressively used in the casting,forging,heat treatment.

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Need for Condition Monitoring and Maintenance Management in Industries. Cost Effective Benefits of Condition Monitoring. Condition Monitoring Techniques. Machinery Fault Diagnosis. Vibration Condition Monitoring. Condition Monitoring of Gear Systems. Condition Monitoring of Hydraulic Systems. Condition Monitoring of Pneumatic Systems. Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machinery. Condition Monitoring of Turbomachinery. Wear and Oil Debris Monitoring. Artificial Neural Networks in Condition Monitoring. Infrared Thermography in Condition Monitoring. Expert Systems in Condition Monitoring. Corrosion Monitoring. Environmental Monitoring - Legal Aspects. Cost Effective Benefits of Maintenance. Reliability Centred Maintenance. Total Productive Maintenance. Modern Maintenance Management Techniques.


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Question: Research on Game Optimized Artificial Fish-Swarm Algorithm of Communication Signal Processing

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With the development of communications technology, it is an issue that how to properly handle the communication signals. In response to this problem, this paper presents an artificial fish-swarm algorithm optimized by game theory, through the study of max-min strategy in game theory, the artificial fish-swarm algorithm is optimized by the adaptive strategies to achieve the optimization of communication signal processing. Simulation results indicate that the artificial fish-swarm algorithm optimized by game theory is a potential optimization algorithm, which is easy and convenient to programme.

Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: Mapping of ER gene CpG island methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.

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Southern analysis has shown that DNA from 25% of primary estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-negative breast tumors displays aberrant methylation at one site within the ER gene CpG island. To examine more sites and increase sensitivity, we developed a methylation-specific PCR assay to map methylation of the entire ER CpG island. The island was unmethylated in normal breast tissue and ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, but extensively methylated in all ER-negative cell lines and breast tumors examined. In addition, some of the ER-positive/progesterone receptor-negative and ER-positive/progesterone receptor-positive tumors (about 70% and 35%, respectively) displayed methylation of the ER CpG island, suggesting that this heterogeneity within tumor cell populations could potentially shed light on the etiology of ER-negative recurrent tumors arising from ER-positive tumors.

In skeletal muscle, DNA methylation contributes to the suppression of gene expression in several biological processes and diseases. A protocol for the detection of methylated cytosine was thus established based on methylation-sensitive enzymes, immunoprecipitation, and bisulfite conversion. DNA methylation analysis, with bisulfite conversion and sequencing, enables the quantification of methylation at each single base position. Here, we describe a basic method of bisulfite sequencing that can be used to analyze local DNA methylation status to confirm genome-wide DNA methylation analysis or correlation of gene expression regulatory mechanisms.


Question: ON SOME INEQUALITIES OF PROBABILISTIC NUMBER THEORY

Let Q+ denote the set of positive rational numbers. We define discrete probability measures νx on the σ -algebra of subsets of Q+. We introduce additive functions f : Q+ → G and obtain a bound for νx (f (r) � X + X − X) using a probability related to some independent random variables. This inequality is an analogue to that proved by I. Ruzsa for additive arithmetical functions.

THIS REPORT IS IN THREE PARTS: (1) EVOLUTION IN LIVING MATTER FROM THE ATOM OF HYDROGEN TO THE APPARITION OF MAN; (2) EVOLUTION IN GROUPS OF HUMAN BEINGS (CAMPSITES, CITIES, TOWNS, METROPOLIS, ETC) AND IN SOCIETY THROUGH THE AGES; (3) COMMENTS ON TRENDS IN TOMORROW'S CITIES. A STUDY IS MADE OF DISEQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE HUMAN POPULATION, IN THE DESTRUCTION OF NATURE, DETERIORATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND PROGRESSIVE DESTRUCTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES. BASED ON THE FUNCTION AND CAPACITY OF ADAPTATION OF MAN THROUGH HIS EVOLUTION IN HISTORY, BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES ARE GIVEN FOR THE ORGANIZATION, DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-CONTROL OF FUTURE URBAN COMMUNITIES. FOR THE COVERING ABSTRACT, SEE IRRD ABSTRACT NO 106219.


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Question: The Betrayed Generation? Intra-Household Transfers and Retirement Behavior in South Korea

We consider the nexus of intra-household transfers, the sex composition of the sibship, and parental retirement behavior in Korea. We provide evidence that the cost of raising sons is higher than it is for daughters in Korea. In the absence of sufficient transfers from adult sons to parents, this implies that parents will increase their labor supply to fund earlier investments in their sons. Consistent with this, we show that parents with more adult sons delay their retirements. In particular, an elderly parent with all sons has a retirement probability that is 7-10 percentage points lower than a comparable parent with all daughters. Elderly parents also work between 1.8-2.7 hours more per week when their sibship consists of all sons. These effects are the most pronounced when the first born is a son as well as for poorer households.

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The Economics of Residential Property Theoretical Building Blocks for the Analysis of Housing Markets Housing and the Wider Economy in the Short and Long Run House Price Shocks and Consumption with Forward Looking Households Housing Wealth, Bequests and Financial Liberalization in the Major Economies The Theory of Economies in Transition Assessing the Impact of Financial Liberalization and Income Shocks on Consumption Evidence from Aggregate Data Consumption, Human Capital and Housing Wealth Evidence from Household Data Financial Liberalization and the Design of Mortgage Contracts Policy Issues.


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Question: The preparation and homogeneity study of synthetic multi-element standards (SMELS) for QC/QA of k0-NAA

Three new synthetic multi-element standards (SMELS) were developed for testing the performance of the k0-standardization neutron activation analysis (k0-NAA) method when implemented in a laboratory. SMELS consist of a phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix spiked with different groups of elements according to the half-lives of the formed radionuclides. They are classified as Type I for short-, Type II for medium- and Type III for long-lived radionuclides. This article presents the preparation of SMELS including different aspects such as choice of the matrix and spiking elements, chemical compounds, target concentrations, purity of the matrix and spiking procedure and the homogeneity study for all the spiked elements in order to demonstrate the quality of the produced materials.

Experimental results of coral dating and paleoenvironment studies by using the thermal ionization spectrometry (TIMS) uranium series method were introduced. The TIMS result for BKM-4 standard coral measured by the MAT-262 MS instrument is consistent with that by α spectrometry method.


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Question: Strategy Study of Price Setting Policy upon Intermediate Business within Commercial Banks

As long as the reform of the commercial bank goes on, commercial banks can use their advantages, such as information and technology, to supply more intermediate business for the market. But how the banks will charge for these services becomes a major point that not only banks but financial consumers will concern. This study is to make some research upon the price setting policy of these bank services.

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E.g.:
['', 'Abstract We consider a class of planar differential equations which include the Lienard differential equations. By applying the Bendixson–Dulac Criterion for l -connected sets we reduce the study of the number of limit cycles for such equations to the condition that a certain function of just one variable does not change sign. As an application, this method is used to give a sharp upper bound for the number of limit cycles of some Lienard differential equations. In particular, we present a polynomial Lienard system with exactly three limit cycles.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'A New Criterion for Controlling the Number of Limit Cycles of Some Generalized Liénard Equations']

Volume I: Theory of the Multinational Enterprises Volume II: Joint Ventures and Modes of Entry Volume III: Strategic Management of Multinationals Volume IV: Multinationals in a Social and Regional Context


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Question: Influence of early psychological in tervention on mental health in hemiplegias after stroke

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For instance, <<['represent the following document', "The world of Earth observation (EO) data is rapidly changing, driven by exponential advances in sensor and digital technologies. Recent decades have seen the development of extraordinary new ways of collecting, storing, manipulating, and transmitting data that are radically transforming the way we conduct and organize science. This convergence of technologies creates new challenges for EO scientists and data and software providers to fully exploit large amounts of multivariate data from diverse sources. At the same time, these technological trends also generate huge opportunities to better understand our planet and turn big data into new types of information services. This article briefly describes some of the elements of the European Space Agency's (ESA) EO Open Science program, which aims to enable the digital transformation of the EO community and make the most of the large, complex, and diverse data delivered by the new generation of EO missions, such as the Copernicus Sentinels."]>>  to <<["represent the next text\n------\nE.g.\n'Intestinal microflora in Asiatic cholera. 3. Studies in pediatric cholera.' == 'During the 1968 cholera epidemic in Calcutta, a series of investigations were undertaken in adult patients with acute cholera to determine the microflora of the small and large bowel. Fecal effluent and small bowel specimens obtained by tube aspiration were subjected to quantitative and qualitative bacteriologic analysis. Acute cholera in children differs from the adult form in at least 2 important aspects: (i) the electrolyte composition of fecal effluent [1], and (2) the mortality rate (it is considerably higher in the younger age group) [2]. For these reasons, a comparison of the bacteriology of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adults with acute cholera was undertaken.' != 'Abstract 1. 1) The distribution of Salmonella types in Ibadan, Nigeria, up to 1956, is given: 68 serotypes including 10 new Salmonella types were isolated. 2. 2) Previous literature on salmonellae isolated in Nigeria is noted. 3. 3) The epidemiology of salmonellosis in Ibadan is briefly discussed.'", "The ESA's Earth Observation Open Science Program [Space Agencies]"]>>

AIM:To observe the influence of psycholo gical intervention on mental health of hemiplegias after stroke.METHODS:82hemiplegias after stroke were divided into control and interventi on groups in certain conditions.Patients in control group received only routine treatment,while patients in interv ention group received psychological intervention as well.Symptom Checklist was adopted to measure the mental health of patients.RESULTS:The scores of panic,anxiety,depression and stubborn in intervention group were sign ifi-cantly lower than that in control (P0.05or P0.01).CONCLU-SION:Early psychological intervention c an improve the mental health of hemiplegias after stroke.

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AbstractObjective: The aim of this research was to assess psychosocial history and psychological functioning in women who use drugs during pregnancy and determine how drug exposure affects child de...


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Question: Twistor equation in a curved spacetime

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The twistor equation is studied in a four-real-dimensional spacetime. All the metric tensors which locally admit a solution are found. They either belong to the Fefferman class or are given by the Trautman-Kerr-Schild anzatz by using a non-twisting null conformal Killing vector field in the Minkowski spacetime. The corresponding solutions are derived.

We extend the non-commutative coordinates relationship into other than the Minkowski space-time. We clarify the non-commutativity dependency to the geometrical structure. As well as, we find an inverse map between Riemann's normal and global coordinates. Furthermore, we show that behavior of the corresponding coordinates non-commutativity like as a tensor. All results summarized for the Schwarzschild metric. And they summarized for the space-time in the presence of weak gravitational waves.


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Question: Distributions and Long-Range Correlations in the Trading of US Stocks

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We analyze the sequence of time intervals between consecutive stock trades of five large companies representing different sectors of the US economy over a period of four years. We show that independent of the industry sector and average level of activity, the series of intertrade times exhibit common statistical features. Specifically, we find that: (1) the tail of the probability density function of intertrade times may be fit by a stretched exponential form; (ii) the probability densities of the intertrade times for all five companies collapse onto a single curve when appropriately resealed, and (iii) the intertrade times exhibit correlated behaviour over hundreds of trades within a trading day and an even greater degree of correlation over longer time scales.

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Open Challenges on the Stability of Complex Systems : Insights of Nonlinear Phenomena with or without Delay


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Question: Watching development: an easy ex ovo culturing method to directly observe late-staged chicken embryos

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The ability to view an embryo in vivo during development is important for the teaching of developmental biology. Viewing vertebrate embryos that are protected by a shell presents a challenge. Resea...

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This study is concerned with the finding of cytoplasmic annulate lamellae in normally developing avian somatic tissues. Annulate lamellae were observed in hepatic parenchymal and pancreatic beta cells of the chick embryo on days five and eleven, respectively, of egg incubation. The presence of this cytoplasmic membrane system in normal embryonic tissues supports the view that annulate lamellae may represent normally occurring, transitory organelles common to virtually all cells during early embryonic differentiation.


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Question: Influence of the thermal modification of controlled porosity glass on the affinity chromatography of fungal proteins

The properties and the coverage density of chemically bonded phases depend among others on the properties of their supports. Controlled-porosity glasses (CPG) are materials used as a support of bio-active ligands. Their network mainly consist of SiO2 as well as of a small amount of B2O3 and Na2O. The characteristic feature of porous glasses is the possibility of a change in the surface boron concentration leading to the change of the properties of their surface.

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For instance, <<['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Abstract In this paper finite element analysis of the large deflection behaviour of skew plates has been done. A high precision conforming triangular plate bending element has been used. The central deflection, bending and membrane stresses have been reported for simply supported and clamped rhombic plates. The variations of these quantities have been studied for different skew angles.']>>  to <<['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Nonlinear analysis of skew plates using the finite element method']>>

Rheological properties of aerosil suspensions in chitosan solutions and the effect of the fi ller content of these suspensions and mechanical activation on the strength and sorption capacity of aerosil-chitosan fi lms produced from these suspensions were studied.


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Question: Temporal profile of betatron radiation from laser-driven electron accelerators

The temporal profile of X-ray betatron radiation was theoretically studied for the parameters available with current laser systems. Characteristics of the betatron radiation were investigated for three different configurations of laser wakefield acceleration: typical self-injection regime and optical injection regime with perpendicularly crossed injection and drive beams, both achievable with 100 TW class laser, and ionization injection regime with a sub-10 TW laser system that was experimentally verified. Constructed spectrograms demonstrate that X-ray pulse durations are in the order of few tens of femtoseconds and the optical injection case reveals the possibility of generating X-ray pulses as short as 2.6 fs. The X-ray pulse duration depends mainly on the length of the trapped electron bunch as the emitted photons copropagate with the bunch with nearly the same velocity. These spectrograms were calculated using a novel simplified method based on the theory of Lienard-Wiechert potentials. It takes adva...

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The use of toroidal magnetic field as a lens system is proposed for producing intense ion beam. The characteristics of the lens system are obtained both analytically and numerically. Some examples of ray-trajectories are presented for different focal lengths. The system is applicable to neutral beam injection heating and micro-pellet implosion for nuclear fusion, and to the other fields such as ion beam X-ray lasers.


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Question: Comparative study on the apical sealing ability according to the obturation techniques

For good endodontic obturation, a canal system that has been cleaned and shaped in all its dimensions is necessary. However, once this has been accomplished, the complete seal of the root canal system is an essential component in assuring longterm clinical success as it is this seal that maintains the barrier between the oral environment and the periradicular tissues. The essentials of an excellent barriComparative study on the apical sealing ability according to the obturation techniques

Perforation is one of the most common complications in endodontic treatment and can result in significant negative effects. It occurs when practitioners are trying to create an access pathway to the pulp chamber. Contamination from the perforation site to the root canal decreases healing ability; therefore, perforation must be treated as soon as it happens. The aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine™ as materials for treatment of access perforation. Microleakage was evaluated by using a stereo microscope to assess methylene blue 1% solution penetration between the restoration material and the perforation site. The data was analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Based on statistical analysis of the data, there is no significant difference in microleakage between MTA and Biodentine™ as a material for treatment of access perforation.


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Question: Patient cooperation in taking medicines. A study involving isoniazid and aminosalicylic acid.

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Fifty patients from the outpatient clinics of the University Hospitals of Cleveland were followed up with multiple urine tests for isoniazid (INH) and aminosalicylic acid (PAS) during a six-month period to discover the extent of patient cooperation. Fifteen (30%) of 50 patients receiving isoniazid and 14 (42%) of 33 patients receiving aminosalicylic acid were uncooperative. Isoniazid and aminosalicylic acid were equally acceptable to patients who were taking both drugs; however, isoniazid was more frequently omitted by those taking both drugs than by those who took isoniazid alone. The study demonstrates the pitfalls of relying on clinic attendance, prescription pick-up data, and response to therapy in assessing patient cooperation. Because of the experience of this study and that reported in the literature, it is urged that those who evaluate drugs determine whether patients take the drug in question and restrict their study groups to those who do.

Opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) require hematotoxic drugs. Neutropenia and anemia are the major hematologic abnormalities attributed to zidovudine (AZT). Concomitant medications associated with an increased frequency of toxicity are trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole), sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, ganciclovir. AZT is stopped during initial treatment then reintroduced at full dosage with cotrimoxazole, at reduced dosage with sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine or ganciclovir.


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Question: System and method for providing a transaction interface

(57) Abstract: trader to provide a system and method for building possible commerce interface capable of transmitting a quick and easy transaction command commerce system. Using the above system and method, trader, using a variety of commerce interfaces, exchanges of commerce command to construct various display functions and settings default command, it is possible to control the verify level command input . The verify level of the command input, is provided in order not to enter the transaction command incorrect inadvertently.

FIELD: instrument making. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to diagnosis of field devices. Disclosed is a method of interacting with a process control system, method comprising steps of bringing a personal field tool into physical proximity of a field device; coupling personal field tool to a digital process communication channel of field device; initiating a client software application on personal field tool; and using digital process communication channel to communicatively couple client software application to a resource management application remote from both personal field tool and field device. EFFECT: technical result is possibility of controlling access to factory medium at industrial networks, as well as possibility of starting client application by means of portable field tool, which establishes communication with a host application. 17 cl, 6 dwg


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Question: Application of Selective Non-catalytic Reduction denitrification techniqueon Circulating Fluidied Bed flue gas denitrification project

The technological principle,characteristics,spray gun and influencing factors of SNCR denitrificafion technology in the project are summaried.The necessity and feasibility of adding the denitrification equipment on the Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB) boiler are discussed.Considering actual requirements of engineering projects,the CFB boiler SNCR denitrification system is introduced.

Reburning technology,fuel-lean reburning technology and mechanism of NOxreduction in reburning combustion were reviewed.The study also analyzed effect of several parameters such as mass ratio of reburn fuel to total fuel,reburning region temperature,equivalence ratio,residence time on reburning De-NOxefficiency.Taking into account the characteristics such as fluid in the tube and structure of petrochemical tube furnace,reburning or fuel-lean reburning DeNOx technology could be applied to petrochemical tube furnace without increasing the furnace height by taking full advantage of the recirculation in furnace.


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Question: A 3.3 V 32 Mb NAND flash memory with incremental step pulse programming scheme

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While the performance of flash memory exceeds hard disk drives in almost every category, the cost of flash memory must come down in order to gain wider acceptance in mass storage applications. This paper describes a 3.3 V-only 32 Mb NAND flash memory that achieves not only high performance but also low cost with a 94.9 mm/sup 2/ die size, improved yields, and a simple process with 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Die size is reduced by eliminating high voltage operation on the bitlines through a self boosted program inhibit voltage generation scheme. Incremental-step-pulse programming results in a 2.3 MB/s program data rate as well as improved process variation tolerance. Interleaved data paths and a boosted wordline results in a 25 ns burst cycle time and a 24 MB/s read data rate. Maximum operating current is less than 8 mA.

This brief presents a negative bias temperature instability (BTI)/positive BTI-aware write-wordline (WWL) voltage control technique for improving degraded cell stability of half-selected cells without extra power consumption. After BTI aging, the proposed lowering WWL voltage recovers the degraded cell stability without scarifying the write margin. Finally, we also present a sample circuit implementation of the proposed WWL voltage control scheme.


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Question: Evaluation of a Proposed Underwater Swimmer's Life Jacket.

Abstract : The requirements for a Scuba Life Preserver for use at depths to 100 ft. are studied along with the characteristics of the existing UDT Life Preserver and the Submarine Life Preserver. It is concluded that a Scuba Life Preserver having 15 pounds positive buoyancy at 100 ft. and 24 pounds buoyancy at the surface is feasible and specific recommendations are made for the construction of prototype units. (Author)

Introduction Overview, R.R. Hoffman and A.B. Markman Angels of Regard: Psychology Meets Technology in the Perception and Interpretation of Non-literal Imagery, R.R. Hoffman and A.B. Markman The Communication of Topographic Perspectives and Forms Human Factors in the Interpretation of Physiology by Symbolic and Numerical Representations within an Expert System, D.P. Argialas and G. Ch. Miliaresis Scenes into Numbers: Facing the Subjective in Landform Quantification, R.J. Pike Seeing the Invisible On the Psychophysics of Night Vision Goggles, W.R. Uttal and R.W. Gibb Human Perception of Sensor-Fused Imagery, E.A. Essock Seeing the Dynamics Components of Expertise in the Perception and Interpretation of Meteorlogical Charts, R.L. Lowe The Role of Remote Sensing Displays in Planetary Atmospheric Research, A.D. Del Genio The Skilled Interpretation of Weather Satellite Images: Learning to See Patterns and Not Just Cues, H.M. Mogil


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Question: The Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome results from mutations of the TP63 gene

The Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome (RHS, MIM 129400) corresponds to a rare form of anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia, which shares some features with the ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome (EEC, MIM 604292) resulting from TP63 mutations. We report here, in two unrelated patients with RHS, the identification of two distinct TP63 mutations, corresponding to a novel frameshift mutation (1709DelA, exon 14) located downstream the sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain and to a missense mutation (R279H, exon 7) within the DNA binding domain. Functional analysis of the R279H mutation, which had previously been reported in several EEC families, shows that this mutation disrupted the dominant negative activity of the DeltaNp63alpha and gamma isoforms on the transcriptional activity of TP53. This report shows, on a molecular basis, that RHS is also an EEC-like syndrome resulting from mutations of the TP63 gene, and highlights the wide phenotypic spectrum associated to TP63 mutations.

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The neuronal isoforms of bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPAG1, and also known as dystonin) are a group of large cytoskeletal linker proteins predominantly expressed in sensory neurons. The major neuronal isoforms consist of the spectraplakins (BPAG1/dystonin-a1, -a2, -a3), which have an N-terminus actin-binding domain and a C-terminus microtubule-binding domain. These proteins have crucial roles in cytoskeletal organization and stability, organelle integrity, and intracellular transport. BPAG1 loss-of-function in mice results in a lethal movement disorder known as dystonia musculorum (dt), which is likely caused by rapid sensory neuron degeneration. A human disease termed hereditary and sensory autonomic neuropathy type VI was also identified to be associated with mutations in the BPAG1 gene (DST). This chapter provides an overview of the type of experiments used for analysis of the different isoforms of BPAG1.


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Question: Studies on Ester Sulphates. 18. Ester Sulphate Formation in the Germfree Rat.∗

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Summary1. It was shown that adult germfree rats did not excrete detectable amounts of phenyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphate. Total urinary excretion of phenol by this type of animal was also low. 2. Urinary excretion of a large number of other ester sulphates was uninfluenced by bacterial activity in the gut. 3. No difference in the activity of liver enzymes sulphurylating phenol and dehydroepiandrosterone was found in germfree and conventional rats within the same age group. Nor were there differences between these 2 types of rats with respect to the capacity of their sulphate-activating liver enzymes.

Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.


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Question: Method of making interpolymers and products made therefrom

Step of in the presence of at least one high molecular weight catalyst and for one or more low molecular weight catalyst in a single reactor for contacting at least one olefin comonomer; Method for producing an olefin polymer comprising the polymerization reaction causes the olefinic comonomers in the reactor to obtain an olefin polymer. Preferably, it has the capability of the two catalysts are all mixed with substantially the same amount of comonomers in the olefin polymer. The polymers produced by the above method is formed of a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution, that is, while maintaining the MWD of less than about 6, relatively high levels of long chain branching. The inter-polymer is also similar to LDPE or while exhibiting a more excellent processability and has physical properties similar to the metallocene catalyst as the polymer-metal. Inter polymer, the molecular weight control, the metallocene catalyst

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Stained heart / sheath polyamide-containing fibers is disclosed. Furthermore, a method of producing the stained heart / sheath polyamide-containing fibers is disclosed. Articles containing the stained heart / sheath polyamide-containing fiber is also disclosed.


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Question: A High-Sensitivity Fusion Index for Delamination Identification of Composite Laminate Structures

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A significant obstacle that hinders the extensive application of large composite structures in the aerospace industry is the lack of valid identification methods for composite damage, where the delamination damage is the most common one. In this paper, a high-sensitivity fusion index (HSFI) is proposed for detecting, locating, and quantifying damages in aerospace polymer composite structures. The proposed fusion index is developed based on modern information fusion of three vibration-based indexes: modal strain, modal flexibility and static strain indexes. And its advantage is high sensitivity and strong noise immunity. By detecting the delamination damage in a composite laminate plate, it is verified that this fusion index is highly sensitive for delamination position and size in both cases of little and large damage in the presence of 2% level noise.

Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


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Question: Passive, Adaptive and Active Tuned Vibration Absorbers—A Survey

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An overview of the recent development of tuned vibration absorbers (TVAs) for vibration and noise suppression is presented. The paper summarizes some popular theory for analysis and optimal tuning of these devices, discusses various design configurations, and presents some contemporary applications of passive TVAs. Furthermore, the paper also presents a brief discussion on the recent progress of adaptive and semi-active TVAs along with their on-line tuning strategies, and active and hybrid fail-safe TVAs.

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Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: Description of Thai as an isolating language

The article illustrates morphosyntactic characteristics of Thai, an isolating language, in contrast to the modern European languages. Thai is characterized as a topic-prominent language, where the voluntary–spontaneous contrast rather than transitive–intransitive one plays significant roles in forming basic sentence constructions. By assuming non-hierarchical serial verb constructions as its basic sentence structures, the author claims that the modern hierarchical view of language structure is not appropriate for Thai. In Thai, verbs are serialized to denote not only successive actions or an action and its objective, but also a cause and its result, an action and its evaluation. Furthermore, causative and passive constructions are analyzed as part of verb serializations which are structurally identical, but antiparallel to each other in the direction of affectedness.

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Critique of Bruce Fraser's "Interpretation of Novel Metaphors" in Ortony 1979. Eliciting interpretation of metaphors in "langue" outside a communicative context ("parole") is an artificial academic exercise.


Question: Draft Genome Sequences of the Multiresistant Escherichia coli C20 Strain, Isolated from Domestic Chicken Gut Microbiota

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli C20, isolated from domestic chicken gut microbiota, demonstrated multidrug resistance to the tested antibiotics. Here, we present the draft genomic sequences of E. coli C20, along with that of its plasmid. The final assembly yielded a chromosome of 4,640,940 bp and plasmid of 277,380 bp, with average coverages of 146.95-fold and 35.63-fold, respectively.

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Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


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Question: [The dynamics of antibody formation to a vaccinal strain of Francisella tularensis in different immunization regimens].

The use of different schemes of albino mice immunization either by living or by killed preparations of the vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis when obtaining monoclonal antibodies to the tularemia microbe made it possible to reveal definite regularities in the dynamics of antibody formation. The highest titres of antibodies in sera of animals-donors of splenocytes were obtained during the daily (for 3 days) intraperitoneal immunization of mice with living vaccine or with its thrice administration to the spleen thrice with the interval of 10 days. Revaccination against a background of high titres of antibodies decreased their quantity in blood serum of mice, while that against a background of low titres increased them.

Summary Circulating interferon was shown to protect mice against intracerebral challenge with encephalomyocarditis or vesicular stomatitis viruses, against intraperitoneal challenge with Germiston virus and intradermal infection with vaccinia virus. The possibility that circulating interferon provides similar protection during natural infection, is considered.


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Question: Finite Element Analysis on Coupled Vehicle-Bridge Vibration Based on the Sprung Mass Model

Based on the theoretical analysis on the coupled vehicle-bridge vibration, this paper simulates the action of the moving vehicle load on a bridge structure with a sprung mass model, and obtains the dynamic response of the simply-supported bridge structure under the moving vehicle load through computation by finite element method (FEM). Through checking computations of classic examples, this paper proves the applicability of this computation method.

1. Spatially Mobilized Plane (SMP) and SMP Criterion 2. Introduction to Cam-Clay Model 3. The Cam-Clay Model Revised by the SMP Criterion 4. Elastoplastic Constitutive Models for Geomaterials using Transformed Stress 5. Concluding Remarks


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Question: Very strong negative differential resistance real‐space transfer transistor using a multiple δ‐doping GaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic heterostructure

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We present the observation of an effective real‐space transfer process of hot electrons resulting in a very strong negative differential resistance in GaAs/In0.25Ga0.75As/GaAs pseudomorphic heterostructure by growing symmetrically double δ‐doping layers on both sides of the InGaAs channel. By Hall measurements, the proposed structure shows carrier mobility as high as 4500 (14 100) cm2/V s at 300 (77) K which is suitable for high‐frequency operations. Meanwhile, this structure with a 5×100 μm2 emitter channel reveals extremely sharp charge injection, broad current valley range (≳3 V), high transconductance (over 23.5 S/mm), high current driving capability, and high peak‐to‐valley current ratio (up to 156 000). We also carried out secondary‐ion mass spectrometry profiles to confirm the quality of the proposed structure.

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------
For example, ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'This is a special issue of the International Journal of Bilingualism. This special issue brings together approaches to transfer in L2 learners, bilinguals, multilinguals and attriters. Researchers working in SLA are often unaware of research done on transfer in bilinguals and vice versa, and this special issue bridges important gaps between researchers from a range of fields.'] should be similar to ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'New perspectives on transfer among bilinguals and L2 users']

Gas‐source molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaxIn1−xAsyP1−y layers lattice matched to GaAs is reported. X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and Hall measurements show that the layers are of good quality. High‐quality GaAs/GaxIn1−xAsyP1−y heterojunction and (In)GaAs/GaxIn1−xAsyP1−y quantum well structures have also been prepared, as deduced from the device characteristics of heterojunction diodes and quantum well lasers.


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Question: USE OF SODIUM POLYACRYLATE IN TREATING REFRACTORY JEJUNAL FISTULA

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The use of sodium polyacrylate by scattering to refractory labial fistulas of the jejunum with high output dischrge successfully provided the protection for the skin and exposed intestine surrounding fistulas. A 55-year-old man who had undergone a distal gastrectomy developed panperitonitis due to anastomosis leakage resulting in large exposure of the intestine (8×4cm) with labial fistulas and surrounding skin erosions, 6 months after the operation. After he was transferred to our hospital, various commercial products for stoma care were used to treat the wounds but were not effective. Sodium polyacrylate, which is usually added to chemical products and is safe in humans, was inevitably administered for protection of the exposed intestine and skin with the patient's approval. The treatment provided remission in the local and systemic symptoms. The patient was able to undergo a radical surgery 4 months after the treatment.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


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Question: Automated determination of anti-streptolysin O antibodies by a kinetic hemolytic method.

An automated method which uses oxidized Streptolysin O and determines the anti-Streptolysin O titer in whole blood without dilution of the sample is described. The addition of a reducing agent starts the hemolysis at an initial rate which is inversely proportional to the anti-Streptolysin O titer of the sample. An instrument (Taso-matic), designed to automatically execute all of the procedures, was used. Comparison between the described method and the classical hemolytic method gave the following linear regression slope y = 1.06x-13 (r = 0.974). Precision of the method at two different anti-Streptolysin O titers (200 and 500 IU), expressed as relative standard deviation, was 12.1 and 4.7% in the between-run procedure and 10.1 and 4.9% in the within-run procedure, respectively.

Nitrocellulose membranes were used as carriers of antigen for rapid screening of specific monoclonal antibodies or as carriers of the monoclonal antibody (in a crude form) for a simple and economic determination of isotype of the antibody by a modification of enzymoimmunoassay.


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Question: Connecting India: the rise of standards in service offshoring

This paper explores the role of international standards in the globalisation of the service economy. Various strands of economic analyses consider that core attributes of services affect their ability to be reliably delocalised, industrialised, and standardised. In contrast, international political economy (IPE) approaches draw attention to power configurations supporting conflicting use of standards across industries and nations. The paper examines the case of the Indian service industry in business process outsourcing to probe these opposing views. The findings suggest that standards matter in types of services conventionally identified as unlikely to be standardised, and that their use raises little conflict. An IPE perspective on service standardisation highlights, however, the importance of potential power issues likely to be included in more progressive forms of standardisation.

Importance of emerging markets, differentiated products and priority to managing hotel facilities abroad without any need for real estate investment.


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Question: Sound radiation from a cylindrical housing.

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E.g. ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'Ever since environmental issues came on the agendas in the 1960ies the interaction between economy and environment has been of interest. In the beginning it was often stated that environmental measures should be “within reason” with respect to their economic and technical feasibility. Later the polluter pays principle was established. During the following years the knowledge of the interaction increased and several concepts and tools came into use such as Environmental Management Accounting (EMA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Eco-efficiency. Several studies showed that there may also be benefits from environmental management in companies, especially for some types of firms. Decreased risks, decreased material costs, increased innovation and productivity are examples'] == ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', 'Interactions between economic and environmental performance in companies']

Three kinds of calculation methods to estimate easily the sound directivity in the plane perpendicular to the principal axis of a cylindrical housing, which represents a vibrating housing of planetary gearing, are provided and experimentally verified. One method is to apply the theoretical solution of the sound field produced by a point source placed on a sphere which replaces the housing of the same radius. The other two methods are based on an approximation in which point sources are placed on several infinite baffles attached to the cylinder surface. The former one gives very good estimation for the radiation. The latter two methods, causing irregular deviations in the resultant directivity, can be used sufficiently as the simplest way of calculation.

A method for estimating the temperature of a Trockengutcharge in a treatment chamber of a clothes dryer.


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Question: Room temperature CO oxidation catalysed by supported Pt nanoparticles revealed by solid-state NMR and DNP spectroscopy

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A series of 1 and 2 nm sized platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) deposited on different support materials, namely, γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and fumed silica are investigated by solid-state NMR and dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP). DNP signal enhancement factors up to 170 enable gaining deeper insight into the surface chemistry of Pt-NPs. Carbon monoxide is used as a probe molecule to analyze the adsorption process and the surface chemistry on the supported Pt-NPs. The studied systems show significant catalytic activity in carbon monoxide oxidation on their surface at room temperature. The underlying catalytic mechanism is the water–gas shift reaction. In the case of alumina as the support the produced CO2 reacts with the surface to form carbonate, which is revealed by solid-state NMR. A similar carbonate formation is also observed when physical mixtures of neat alumina with silica, fumed silica and titania supported Pt-NPs are studied.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title Fewshot example: "['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!', 'Aspergillus sydowii MG49 produces a 30-kDa exosplitting xylobiohydrolase during growth on xylan. A specific chemical modification and substrate protection analysis of purified xylanase provided evidence that tryptophan and carboxy and amino groups are present at the catalytic site of this enzyme. Thermal inactivation of the xylanase occurs because of irreversible polymolecular aggregation, which is slower in the presence of glycerol.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Purification and Some Properties of a Xylanase from Aspergillus sydowii MG49.']"

Photochemical behavior of platinum(II) sulfoxide-containing complexes in methyl chloride was studied by polarimetry and 1H NMR spectroscopy.


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Question: Novel design and verification of a 16 x 16-b self-repairable reconfigurable inner product processor

A novel self-repairable and reconfigurable inner-product processor with low-power, fast CMOS circuits and DFT techniques is presented. It takes the advantage of recently proposed decomposition based arithmetic circuit design approach for simple implementation of the reconfigurations, component replacements, and high-quality tests.The processor can be dynamically reconfigured for two types operations: 4 x 8 x 8-b inner product computation and 16 x 16-b multiplication. The self-repair is provided by choosing a fault-free one from 17 possible architectures during the test, which covers more than 52% transistors for the specified faults. Only one extra bit is needed for all reconfigurations, repairs, and tests. The proposed exhaustive DFT technique greatly reduces the test vector length, from 17*232 to 1.5*213, which is as short as that required by the pseudo-exhaustive DFT method recently reported in literature.

Hardware simulation study has been carried out to determine the BER performance and worst case latency of scalable Reverse Data Vortex (RDV) interconnection network with SOA based cascading switching nodes and compared with DV results.


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Question: Structures of Mitochondrial P450 System Proteins

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Mitochondrial P450 type enzymes are generally involved in the metabolism of cho lesterol derived steroidal compounds. The reactions catalyzed by these enzymes include cholesterol conversion to pregnenolone, 11-beta and 18 hydroxylation reactions in adrenal steroid biosynthesis, C-27 hydroxylation of cholic acid in bile acid metabolism, and 1al pha and 24 hydroxylations of vitamin D. These P450 mediated reactions require molecular oxygen and two electrons donated by NADPH. The electrons of NADPH are transferred to P450 by an electron transfer system that includes a specific flavoprotein, adrenodoxin reductase, and an iron-sulfur protein, adrenodoxin. These proteins are not specific for indi vidual P450s and serve as electron donors for different P450 in different tissues. This review presents an overview of the major sequence and structural characteristics of the mitochondrial P450 system proteins.

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Perspectives and Summary 227 Structure 228 Reductases 230 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formaldehyde ...... 233 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formate 240 Reaction of the One-Carbon Unit at the Methyl Leve/ of Oxidation 244 Pterin-Dependent Hydraxy/ations 245


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Question: Plasticity of Chromatin Organization in the Plant Interphase Nucleus

Genomes are organized as chromatin into complex 3D structures in interphase nuclei, and the relation of these structures to gene function is the subject of much current debate and research. In this chapter, we describe key landmarks that have led to our present understanding of interphase nuclear architecture, with particular emphasis on model and crop plants, such as wheat, rice and Arabidopsis. We discuss the significance of the plasticity of interphase chromosome organization in relation to transcriptional state, epigenetic regulation and environmental influences. We describe our current understanding of in vivo chromatin dynamics down to molecular resolution. Finally, we consider the prospects for using an understanding of chromatin organization and behaviour to improve plant performance in challenging environmental conditions.

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Gene Regulatory Networks Orchestrating B Cell Fate Specification, Commitment, and Differentiation.- Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Lymphocyte Lineage Determination.- Ikaros-Family Proteins: In Search of Molecular Functions During Lymphocyte Development.- Biochemistry of V(D)J Recombination.- The Pre-B Cell Receptor in B Cell Development: Recent Advances, Persistent Questions and Conserved Mechanisms.- Transcriptional Control of B Cell Activation.- Expression of MHC II Genes.- Class Switch Recombination: An Emerging Mechanism.- Blimp-1, Immunoglobulin Secretion, and the Switch to Plasma Cells.- Wnt Signaling in Lymphopoiesis.- Subject Index.


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Question: Unusual methods of suicide: complexities in investigation

Differentiation between suicide and homicide often becomes difficult owing to the unusual methods of suicide used by the victim and the complexities thus posed. Investigating the cases of unusual suicides provides a considerable challenge to the authorities concerned. The issue of homicide should often be ruled out in such cases, which require careful evaluation. This is best done by correlating the morbid anatomical findings at autopsy with the death scene analysis coupled with psychological autopsy. Many forensic practitioners have reported unusual methods of suicide at their respective workplaces. Various types of unusual methods of suicide and the complexities involved in their investigation are presented and discussed.

Several points based on my own experience over the last two years are submitted here with regard to two subjects: the scientific approach in geography and a note on the spatial dimension of politics and power.


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Question: Plasmonics: visit the past to know the future

Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of free electrons localized at surfaces of structures made of metals. Since the surface plasmons induce fluctuations of electric charge at surfaces, they are accompanied by electromagnetic oscillations. Electromagnetic fields associated with surface plasmons are localized at surfaces of metallic structures and significantly enhanced compared with the excitation field. These two characteristics are ingredients for making good use of surface plasmons in plasmonics. Plasmonics is a rapidly growing and well-established research field, which covers various aspects of surface plasmons towards realization of a variety of surface-plasmon-based devices. In this paper, after summarizing the fundamental aspects of surface plasmons propagating on planar metallic surfaces and localized at metallic nanoparticles, recent progress in plasmonic waveguides, plasmonic light-emitting devices and plasmonic solar cells is reviewed.

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Solar cells use freely available sunlight to make electricity. At the present time, solar electricity does not come cheap, because solar panels are rather expensive. Now imagine that we could reduce costs by printing solar panels like we print newspapers! We can do just that with plastic solar cells. In this article, we explain the basic working principles of these novel plastic solar cells and then show how a stunning threefold increase in solar energy efficiency can be achieved by including a special additive to the printing ink. The function of such a special additive seems almost magical, but as scientists we know that true magic is really rare and we simply had to find out why and how it works. That was the subject of our recent investigations and in this article we describe how we divulged the secret of the special additive.


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E.g. given '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Electrodeposition and properties of Ni–B/SiC nanocomposite coatings']' it should be close to '['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title\n\nE.g. A new species of the mytiloidean freshwater bivalve is described from Baengnyong Cave, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangweon-do. Limnoperna coreana n. sp. belongs to the genus Limnoperna Rochebrune, 1882 with the byssus. This species has a small shell with the glossy surface and rounded-triangular and differs morphologically from all of its congeners. == Limnoperna coreana n. sp.(Bivalvia: Mytiloidea: Mytilidae) from Baengnyong Cave, Gangweon-do, Korea', 'ABSTRACTNi–B/SiC composite coatings were electrodeposited using trimethylamine borane as a boron source. The effects of bath composition and operating parameters on the microstructure and properties of the composite coatings were investigated. The results show that Ni–B/SiC composite coating exhibits uniform structure with a desirable interface. Incorporation of SiC particles led to a signiﬁcant increase in hardness. Both boron and SiC content in the coating increases initially and then decreases as the current density increased. Incorporation of inert SiC particles also enhanced their corrosion resistance, which attributed to the dense structure, barrier effect and the reduction in the active surface area of Ni–B matrix. XPS analysis indicated that the as-deposited coating contains metallic nickel, oxide or hydroxide nickel, and the SiC particles. Owing to dispersion hardening of the added SiC particles and the reduction in the active surface area of Ni–B matrix, Ni–B/SiC composite coating shows superior...']' but not to '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper\n\nE.g.:\nComparative acute and subacute toxicity of Dentamet gel and Metrovagin suppositories manufactured by ZAO Altaivitaminy was studied with using analogous drugs, i. e. Metrogil Denta, a gel for the gingivae, manufactured by Unique Pharmaceutical Laboratories (India), and Flagil manufactured by Haupt Farma Livron (France) as the reference drugs. It was shown that the drugs induced no changes in the exterior, hair state, body weight and mobility of the experimental animals vs. the control. The pharmacokinetic study of Metrovagin vaginal suppositories vs. the registered analogous drug Flagil showed that Metrovagin was bioequivalent to Flagil. The relative bioavailability of the new drug vs. the control was 103.13%. == [Preclinical investigation and standardization of metronidazole soft dosage forms].', 'The dry sliding wear behaviour of the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb alloy and the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb–xSiCnp nanocomposites have been investigated. The wear rate is lower for all the nanocomposites compared to the...']'.

Question: The crystal structure of arsenic at 4.2, 78 and 299°K

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The lattice constants and the atomic position parameter, z, of a high purity, low strain, single-crystal of arsenic have been determined. Low extinction reflections of filtered Mo Kα and Ag Kα radiation were used for the determination of z. The Bond precision technique with Mo Kα radiation was used for the determination of the unit-cell dimensions a and c. Average values for a and c in A, and for z are: 4.2°K z = 0.22764 a = 3.7597 c = 10.4412; 78°K z = 0.22754 a = 3.7595 c = 10.4573; 299±3°K z = 0.22707 a = 3.7598 c = 10.5475. The estimated standard deviation of z is ±0.00004 at 4.2°K, ±0.00002 at 78°K and ±0.00005 at 299°K. The precision of a is estimated to be ±0–0001 A and that for c to be ±0.0002 A. The results for As are compared with those reported earlier for Sb and Bi.

Abstract Rate constants for the addition of alkyl radicals to allylstannanes lie in the range of 10 4 –10 5 M- 1 s- 1 at 50–80 °C.


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Question: Comprehensive genomic profiling of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate.

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187 Background: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (NCAP) is an aggressive high grade malignancy that often presents as metastatic disease. Current treatments of this tumor have only modest benefit leading investigators to query whether comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) would have potential to discover novel targets of therapy. Methods: DNA was extracted from 40 microns of FFPE sections from 37 consecutive cases of relapsed/metastatic NCAP. CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation based libraries to a mean coverage depth of 583X for up to 315 cancer-related genes plus 37 introns from 14 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Genomic alterations (GA) included base substitutions (SUB), INDELs, copy number alterations (CNA) and fusions/rearrangements. Clinically relevant GA (CRGA) were defined as GA linked to drugs on the market or under evaluation in mechanism driven clinical trials. Results: The median age of the men in this study was 65.1 years (range 43 to 83 years). All (1...

5107 Background: The purpose of this study was to compare molecular marker expression and clinical outcomes in patients treated for malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMT) of the ovary with previou...


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Question: Trump promises to reduce drug prices but drops campaign promises

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President Donald Trump has outlined measures to reduce the prices US consumers pay for prescription drugs through a program called American Patients First,1 but he did not follow through on two campaign promises. ::: ::: During his campaign Trump had promised to allow the government to negotiate drug prices for the Medicare insurance program, which provides drugs for about 60 million older people, and to allow US consumers to import drugs from Canada. Stock prices of drug and healthcare companies immediately rose after the new announcement.2 ::: ::: The United States had the world’s highest per capita spending on pharmaceutical drugs in 2015 …

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Election-year politics will color a range of legislative and policy developments affecting drug development, production, and reimbursement in the coming year, as efforts to reduce government spending on healthcare prompts all parties to search for opportunities to do more with less. Looming over the political landscape is the upcoming Supreme Court decision on the constitutionality of the Obama health reform legislation.


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Question: Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Terminalia catappa

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The biosynthesis of nanocrystals in various size and shapes have become an area of significant interest due to their potential biomedical applications. Here, we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in aqueous medium using Terminalia catappa (Almond) leaf extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent. On treating silver nitrate solution with Terminalia catappa leaf extract, reduction of Ag+ ions was observed leading to the formation of triangular, hexagonal, decahedral and spherical silver nanoparticles in the solution.

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Objective ::: To identify the antiviral, antioxidant and toxicological evalution of the mangrove plant from South East coast of India.


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Question: An accurate method for estimation of the intracellular aqueous volume of Escherichia coli cells.

The intracellular aqueous volumes (V-in) of microorganisms are fundamental data that can be used for estimating absolute cellular enzyme and metabolite concentrations. Because traditional methods are time-consuming and costly, the V-in data have been largely estimated ambiguously. Here we developed an NAD(+) concentration-dependent method and demonstrated its usefulness for accurate estimation of the V-in value of Escherichia coil cells. The V-in value of E. coli BL21(DE3) cells was determined to be 1.9 mu L.mg(-1), which is 17% lower than that of the commonly assumed data. Similarly, the V-in value of Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL1 cells was determined to be 1.8 mu L.mg(-1). Because NAD(+) is routinely quantified during metabolite analysis, it may be integrated into metabolomic data collection with little additional time and labor expenditure. This method should also be applicable to estimate the V-in data of other prokaryotic microorganisms. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Paper discussing the application of pulsed electric fields to eliminate Escherichia coli from collagen biomatrices.


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Question: Optical Resolution by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Using Polysaccharide Derivatives as Chiral Stationary Phases

Polysaccharides such as cellulose and amylose are the most accessible optically active polymers. The polysaccharides themselves show rather low chiral recognition, but their derivatives show high chiral recognition and afford useful chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for HPLC. In this review, optical resolution by cellulose esters, especially benzoates, and by various phenylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose is discussed. Chiral recognition abilities of aralkylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose are also evaluated.

47. Quantum Chemical Studies of Molecular Structures and Potential Energy Surfaces of Porphyrins and Hemes. 48. Models for the Electronic Structure of Metalloporphyrins from High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction and Ab Initio Calculations. 49. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Applied to Porphyrin Chemistry. 50. Molecular Simulations and Normal-Coordinate Structural Analysis of Porphyrins and Heme Proteins. 51. Resonance Raman Spectra of Heme Proteins and Model Compounds. 52. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Petroporphyrins. 53. Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Heme Proteins and Model Systems. 54. Mass Spectrometry of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins.


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Question: Analyzing of the fallen of freshwater capacity for Alfa Laval JWP-26-C80 freshwater generator

The No.2 freshwater generator in a TTC ship(space tracking,telemetering and command ship)generated far less freshwater than the designing capacity,15 t per 24 h.Based on the monitoring and analyzing,too much feed seawater caused the fallen of freshwater capacity.This analysis proves practical for diagnosing condition of flowing in pipes and heat-changers,etc.

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This paper introduces that turbulence generating bars installed on the Nanping PM3 PM4(3 150mm)and their running effect.


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Question: In vivo evaluation of posterior eye elasticity using shaker-based optical coherence elastography

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease and becomes the leading cause of blindness. It is well established that early detection is the key to preservation of functio...

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In vivo non-invasive methods are presented for the objective quantification of histamine-induced cutaneous edema based on hyper-spectral imaging and 3D profilometry. The measured parameters include extracellular water accumulation, hemoglobin concentration, edema height, and edema volume.


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Question: A Fragile Watermarking Algorithm Based on CRC

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A fragile watermarking algorithm is presented in the paper, which is used to ensure the credibility of precious work. The characteristic of this algorithm is fragile watermark detection can be done without original watermark. Theories and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has very strong capability of authentication.

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Debugging Of Large-scaled Data Processing Systems Like Supercomputers Is Becoming More Difficult. One Of The Causes Of The Trouble Is A Long Time For Reproducing VlSI's To Change Logic Design. An Automated On-chip Direct Wiring Modification System, Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) And Laser CVD, Was Developed. It Reduced The Logic Change Period To One Day. The Debugging Time Of The Newest Mainframe Computer M880 Was Shortened By A Few Months.