Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Length-Weight and Length-Length Relationships of Gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) in the Dinor River Kermanshah, Iran

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Length-weight and length-length relationships were derived for Gambusia holbrooki in the Dinor River Kermanshah of Iran. Sampling was done between April to November of 2011 using beach seine with a mesh size of 5 mm. The relationship between total and standard lengths (TL and SL) was determined according to the power regression model. Regression coefficient (b) value in the length-weight relationship differed significantly between males and females (t-test, P<0.05). We determined a positive allometry power length-weight relationship for females as: W=0.06×L (r =0.99, n=59) and for male determined an isometry as: 3.49 2

P. Day and M. Strauss, Part I: Summary: J.E. Thorpe, G.A.E. Gall, J.E. Lannan, C.E. Nash, and B. Ballachey, The Need to Manage Fish and Shellfish Genetic Resources. Human Interventions and Genetic Risks. The Conservation of Genetic Resources through Risk Management. Status of Aquatic Genetic Resource Management. References. Appendix. Part II: Management Studies: J.E. Thorpe and L. Stradmeyer, The Atlantic Salmon. D. Hedgecock, The Cupped Oyster. G.W. Wohlfarth, The Common Carp and Chinese Carps. A.E. Eknath, The Nile Tilapia. References. Subject Index.


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Targeting siRNA to arrest fibrosis

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Vitamin A–mediated targeting of small interfering (si)RNA to stellate cells reverses liver cirrhosis.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Pancreatic β cells synthesize and secrete insulin to increase anabolic metabolism in an organism, and insulin synthesis has long been suspected to inhibit β cell replication. Recently in Cell Metabolism , Szabat et al. (2015) present evidence that deletion of Insulin genes alleviates ER stress and promotes mature β cell replication.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The Influence of Different Way of Fixation and Decalcification on the Conventional Slide of Bone Tissue

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Objective:Through comparing different fixation and decalcification methods for bone specimens,to explore the adaptive fixation and decalcification method for bone tissue.Methods:Three different ways including decalcification after fixation (DAF),decalcification while fixation(DWF),decalcification before fixation(DBF) were conducted on 50 cases of bone specimens and the results were compared.Results:The routine HE staining results of the DAF group was better than that of the DWF group while the difference was not statistically significant(P 0.05 ).The routine HE staining results of the DAF and DWF group were better than that of the DBF group with significantly difference(P 0.01).Conclusion:For the routine HE slide of bone tissue,the way of fixation is very important.Decalcification should be conducted before fixation or performed simultaneously with fixation.The DBF method is not recommended.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: PUMA-V: An interactive visual tool for code optimization and parallelization based on the polyhedral model

Taking advantage of multi-core processing has become crucial in realizing significant performance gains for most applications. When it comes to performance optimization, this has led to a delicate balancing act between parallelism and locality. Furthermore, exposing parallelism can require some non-trivial transformations. Although tools exist to automatically identify good transformations, a user guided exploration can often yield substantially better performance. We have developed a visualization interface, called PUMA-V, which combines user and machine efforts to optimize parallel code performance. By conveying information related to the structure of the code and performance characteristics, the user can focus on a subset of transformations to alleviate performance bottlenecks. Combining automatic optimization techniques with interactive visualizations helps the user perform this exploration rapidly.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

This is an experience report on the automatic and hidden usage of program synthesis in several application domains. The structural synthesis of programs has been implemented in an object-oriented programming environment NUT and used for development of simulation software, engineering calculations software, implementing a benchmark for safety critical systems and development of highly interactive visual modeling of radar coverage of landscape.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: A Passage-Time Preserving Equivalence for Semi-Markov Processes

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

An equivalence for semi-Markov processes is presented which preserves passage-time distributions between pairs of states in a given set. The equivalence is based upon a state-based aggregation procedure which is O(n2) per state in the worst case.

Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps in Rd.- Martingale Theory and the Stochastic Integral for Point Processes.- Brownian Motion, Stochastic Integral and Ito's Formula.- Stochastic Differential Equations.- Some Useful Tools in Stochastic Differential Equations.- Stochastic Differential Equations with Non-Lipschitzian Coefficients.- Applications.- How to Use the Stochastic Calculus to Solve SDE.- Linear and Non-linear Filtering.- Option Pricing in a Financial Market and BSDE.- Optimal Consumption by H-J-B Equation and Lagrange Method.- Comparison Theorem and Stochastic Pathwise Control.- Stochastic Population Control and Reflecting SDE.- Maximum Principle for Stochastic Systems with Jumps.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract:

Question: Process Reengineering on China's National Assets Management in Coal Mining Enterprises

Business process reengineering is used in state-owned assets management of the existed coal mining enterprises,which can be divided into equipment basic management subsystem,equipment heavy repair management subsystem,equipment lease management subsystem,equipment fittings management subsystem.The detailed work process,requirement and constituents are thoroughly analyzed.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.

Volume I: Theory of the Multinational Enterprises Volume II: Joint Ventures and Modes of Entry Volume III: Strategic Management of Multinationals Volume IV: Multinationals in a Social and Regional Context


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: [Paroxysmal dyskinesias as the initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis].

We herein report two patients with paroxysmal dyskinesias (PD) as the initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). PD can occur in clinically definite MS or rarely be the presenting symptom. They are produced by demyelinating lesions at any level in the motor pathway or in the thalamus. MRI disclosed an area of demyelination in the posterior limb of the internal capsule contralateral to the PD in the patients reported herein. PD associated with MS do not adjust completely to the accepted classifications of PD, therefore they should be considered a special category of dyskinesias.

PURPOSE ::: To report a case of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy with multiple-sclerosis-like symptoms. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: Observational case report. A 34-year-old man was found to have Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and a mutation at position 11778 of the mitochondrial genome. The progression of vision loss and onset of weakness in the right leg warranted neuroimaging. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: Magnetic resonance imaging documented multiple lesions in the brain and spinal cord. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: Although rarely reported, progression of optic neuropathy over months has been previously documented in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. The emergence of multiple sclerosis-like symptoms and signs in our patient may be part of the spectrum of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy or a coincidental occurrence.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: ‘Gender hates men’: untangling gender and development discourses in food security fieldwork in urban Malawi

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:

AbstractThis article examines the social construction and contestation of gender and gender roles in the city of Blantyre in Malawi. In fieldwork on gendered household roles related to food security, interviews with men and women revealed a distinct set of connotations with the word gender, which reflected Malawians’ historical and contemporary engagement with concepts of development, modernity, and human rights. We denote the Malawian concept of gender as gender in order to distinguish the word participants used in interviews from the more widely accepted conventional definition. We then use this distinction to highlight the ways in which ideas of gender equality have been introduced and received in the Malawian context. The urban setting of the research is key to drawing out the association of gender with Westernization, bringing into focus the power dynamics inherent in the project of translating global discourses of gender rights and gender equality into meaningful social change in developing countrie...

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

In Social Transformation in Post-Conflict Nepal: A Gender Perspective, Punam Yadav explores the unintended positive impacts of conflict on the position of women in Nepal, drawing on comprehensive interviews with 57 women. The book is a compelling and accessible must-read for those researching social transformation and gender in post-conflict societies, writes Ashleigh McFeeters.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Severe toxicity of skin rash, fever and diarrhea associated with imatinib: case report and review of skin toxicities associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by a Philadelphia chromosome which contains an oncogene, bcr-abl. This oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase which is constitutively activated. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been widely used in the treatment of CML. Dasatinib and nilotinib were recently approved for the treatment of CML. Other TKIs, such as bosutinib, erlotinib, and sunitinib, are under study for the treatment of CML as well as other hematologic and solid malignancies. Skin rash has been reported as one of the most common side effects of the TKIs. Here we present a case of severe skin rash together with unusual symptoms of high fever and diarrhea induced by imatinib in a CML patient. The dermatologic toxicities from a variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are reviewed and general principles of management are also discussed.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a skin eruption that is primarily drug induced and characterized by the formation of numerous acute and sterile pustules on an erythematous background as mentioned by Weinblatt et al. (1999). We present a case of AGEP, following administration of etanercept, an antitumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ) antibody, in a patient with psoriasis. Recognition of this reaction pattern is important given the frequent reliance on etanercept in treating psoriasis.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Position Estimation of Underwater Target Using Proximity Sensor with Bearing Information

Proximity sensor networks are aimed at estimation kinematic state of target using estimated position of the target by each sensor node or target parameter. To analyze the kinematic state of target, traditional approaches require detections on multiple sensors, very large number of sensors to achieve acceptable performance. In this paper, we propose a novel method which can estimate predicted position of the underwater target using minimum proximity sensor with bearing information to this problem. The proposed algorithm was verified performance through simulation.

Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Can postoperative continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prevent pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery?

Twenty-four patients underwent elective cholecystectomy. They were randomized into two groups, one consisting of 13 patients having CPAP* by face-mask for 4 h after surgery and the other, consisting of 11 patients serving as control. The patients were all given intravenous anesthesia and were manually ventilated during anesthesia without using PEEP. The groups were comparable as concerns sex, age, weight, smoking-habits, preoperative pulmonary status, type of surgery and anesthesia-time. The study showed that both groups had a reduction in VC and PaO2 and a high percentage of them developed chest X-ray changes. In none of the variables mentioned was there any significant difference between the groups after surgery. Hypoxemia after abdominal surgery can thus not be prevented by only using CPAP for 4 h postoperatively.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Background ::: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical impact and outcome of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.

Question: [Evaluation of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma].

Forty-two cases of bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma were examined. Thirty of the cases had bone metastases at the time of renal cell carcinoma. Bone metastasis appeared after treatment of the primary site in 12 cases. Fifteen cases had only bone metastasis and another 27 had metastasis in multiple organs. The total cause-specific survival curve of these patients was 10% at 5 years. All patients with bone metastases died of cancer within 5 years after the bone metastases had developed. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between patients with bone metastases and patients with lung metastases. We investigated the prognostic value of laboratory studies in bone metastases of renal cell carcinoma. However, no significant markers were detected for bone metastases. The 6 patients were treated with decompressed laminectomy (2), wide resection (3) and excision of the metastatic lesions (3). The quality of life was improved in all the patients although they died of cancer.

SUMMARY The ovary is a common metastatic site for many neoplastic transformations of both gynecologic and non- gynecologic origins. The morphologic and clinical similarities between metastatic and primary tumors of the ovary often render confusion for clinicians at diagnosis. The bile duct is an extremely rare source of metastases (Krukenberg tumor). We present here a rare case of recurrent cholangiocarcinoma with metastatic adenocarci- noma of the ovary. (International Journal of Gerontology 2008; 2(2): 76-78)


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract:

Question: Saving Lives: A Review of the Record

I present evidence on the cost-effectiveness of 76 regulatory actions promulgated by the Federal government from 1967 to 2001 by updating similar work published by the author in 1986. The paper first responds to several critiques of the original article recently published in prominent law journals by showing that most of the specific criticism is based on misrepresentations and mistakes. Wide differences in cost-effectiveness indicate we could save lives more effectively. Regulations aimed at reducing safety and cardiovascular risks have been more cost-effective than regulations aimed at reducing cancer risks. I suggest several potential regulations that could save lives more cost-effectively than the vast majority of regulations issued to date. Copyright 2003 by Kluwer Academic Publishers

This chapter contains sections titled: Defining the Terms, Children First, 2002 Update: Standards Issue—The Supreme Court, Community Standards, and the Internet


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract:

Question: Image Inpainting Algorithm Based on Prediction of GM(1,1)

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Based on the analysis of the reasons and the features of the data loss when images are transferred,the paper makes use of the idea of the grey prediction and comes up with a new algorithm when images are repared.The new algorithm is to apply the grey prediction method to image inpainting,which basically meets the needs of image restoration and attains the applicable conditons for the algorithm through the experiments.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction System Description and Problem Formulation Sequential Monte Carlo Methods Joint Single-Target Tracking and Classification Multiple-Target Tracking and Classification Sensor Selection Simulation Results Conclusion Appendix: Derivations of (14.38) and (14.40) References


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Exploring the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Background: Breastfeeding is a crucial strategy in improving child health and reducing infant mortality, but the majority of women still do not practise exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Aims: This study aimed to assess the barriers to implementation of EBF among nursing women in Ibadan North, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 210 nursing women were selected using a purposive sampling technique, in two health centres in Ibadan North, Nigeria. The study questionnaire had a reliability of 0.77. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Findings: The main barriers reported were: occupation (90.00%), insufficient milk (71.43%), spouse's influence (66.19%), influence of extended family (62.38%) and inadequate time (54.76%). Participants with good knowledge of EBF were more likely to practise EBF. Conclusions: This study suggests a need for women to be empowered through informal education on the benefits of EBF. Regular prenatal counselling is advocated, bot...

Background ::: Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) is one of the nine strategies recommended for prevention and control of HIV globally. In this study, we assessed the awareness and utilisation of VCT services among residents of the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality (LMKM) in the Eastern Region of Ghana.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Extended glottal LPS with mixed excitation

A speech-modelling scheme that is capable of reproducing voiced fricatives, plosives, etc. with good accuracy, as well as purely voiced or unvoided sounds is presented. The scheme results in a speech coder with great ability and flexibility in the source modelling. Since it conserves the timing of the source, it can be interpreted as a waveform model, as well as a speech modelling scheme. The scheme requires input speech recorded under good conditions, and an adequate analog preprocessing. Moreover, the analysis time is on the same order as that of the glottal linear predictive coder. These two major limitations make the scheme suitable for applications such as speech storing, etc. From preliminary experiments the bit rate needed in coding the parameters in this model is estimated at 5 kb/s. >

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

A number of investigators have identified both VOT and F1 cutback as major cues for voicing contrasts. At recent meetings we have presented evidence that sinusoidal analogs to isolated F1‐cutback stimuli are perceived in a relatively discrete fashion with category boundaries corresponding to those found for synthetic speech continua. In contrast to nonspeech analogs to VOT continua (both tone‐onset‐time for stationary and nonstationary stimuli, and noise‐onset‐time for noise‐buzz stimuli), the sinusoidal analogs to F1 cutback exhibit a dependency of the category boundary on spectral frequency. Furthermore, the category boundary locations for the F1‐cutback analogs correspond to the voicing contrast boundary locations for speech stimuli. Our current research examines the perception of the F1‐cutback analog presented in conjunction with various configurations of tone‐onset‐time and noise‐onset‐time continua. In all current conditions, the degree of F1‐cutback analog and the relative onset asynchrony in the ...


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Construction Method in the Edge of General M-J Sets and its Fractal Dimension

The fractal edge of general M-J set and Its fractal dimension are studied.The properties of escape time algorithm,Lyapunov exponent algorithmand inverse function algorithm are analyzed.The algorithm based on edge detection is put forward to build the edge of general M-J set and box dimension of fractal edge are calculated.The experimental result show that both universal and high definition can be acquired with the new algorithm.The new algorithm can be used to building of the fractal edge for general M-J sets.

Inversion of Finite Toeplitz Matrices.- Inversion of Finite ToeplitzMatrices Consisting of Elements of a Noncommutative Algebra.- Matrix Integral Operators on a Finite Interval with Kernels Depending on the Difference of the Arguments.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. I. The Resultant Operator for Matrix Polynomials.- The Resultant Matrix and its Generalizations. II. The Continual Analogue of the Resultant Operator.- The Spectrum of Singular Integral Operators in L p Spaces.- On an Algebra Generated by the Toeplitz Matrices in the Spaces h p .- On Singular Integral Equations with Unbounded Coefficients.- Singular Integral Equations with Continuous Coefficients on a Composed Contour.- On a Local Principle and Algebras Generated by Toeplitz Matrices.- The Symbol of Singular Integral Operators on a Composed Contour.- One-dimensional Singular Integral Operators with Shift.- Algebras of Singular Integral Operators with Shift.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract:

Question: - the key role of x-ray observations

Although General Relativity had provided the physical basis of black holes, evi- dence for their existence had to await the Space Era when X-ray observations first directed the attention of astronomers to the unusual binary stars Cygnus X-1 and A0620-00. Subse- quently, a number of faint Ariel 5 and Uhuru X-ray sources, mainly at high Galactic latitude, were found to lie close to bright Seyfert galaxies, suggesting the nuclear activity in AGN might also be driven by accretion in the strong gravity of a black hole. Detection of rapid X-ray variability with EXOSAT later confirmed that the accreting object in AGN was almost certainly a supermassive black hole.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

For example, '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Preliminaries.- An Overview of Empirical Process Optimization.- Elements of Response Surface Methods.- Optimization Of First Order Models.- Experimental Designs For First Order Models.- Analysis and Optimization of Second Order Models.- Experimental Designs for Second Order Models.- Statistical Inference in Process Optimization.- Statistical Inference in First Order RSM Optimization.- Statistical Inference in Second Order RSM Optimization.- Bias Vs. Variance.- Robust Parameter Design and Robust Optimization.- Robust Parameter Design.- Robust Optimization.- Bayesian Approaches in Process Optimization.- to Bayesian Inference.- Bayesian Methods for Process Optimization.- to Optimization of Simulation and Computer Models.- Simulation Optimization.- Kriging and Computer Experiments.- Appendices.- Basics of Linear Regression.- Analysis of Variance.- Matrix Algebra and Optimization Results.- Some Probability Results Used in Bayesian Inference.']' should be close to '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Process Optimization: A Statistical Approach']'

The chapter deals with the issue of context definition in ::: adaptive cartography for the flood event.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: The influence of light Alternaria zinniae and dark on attack of bean leaves by

Bean leaves inoculated with spores of Alternaria zinniae showed small purplish brown lesions after incubation in light for 3 days. After incubation in darkness for 1-3 days necrotic spots were formed, the size of which increased with increasing length of the period of incubation in darkness. Application of culture filtrates of A. zinniae to the leaves caused the same symptoms as did inoculation with spore suspensions.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

SUMMARY ::: ::: H. rostochiensis (British pathotype A) increased the severity of the disease caused by Verticillium dahliae in potato plants grown in pots when there were more than ten eggs/g of soil and both pathogens parasitized the root system together. The growth-suppressing chemical CCC, which severely stunted plants, prevented the disease and decreased H. rostochiensis reproduction. An estimate of foliage symptoms measured the effects of the disease more precisely than did tuber yields.


Question: represent the natural language

Question: Rectus fascia colpopexy in posthysterectomy vaginal prolapse: Analysis of 18 cases

Posthysterectomy prolapse of the vaginal vault is a complicated and uncommon occurrence in gynecology. The treatment is surgical and may be either vaginal or abdominal. The great variety of techniques described indicates that there is disagreement about the ideal route or technique to be used. The authors present their experience in surgical correction using colpopexy with rectus abdominal muscle fascia.

Background ::: Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair has been confirmed as an effective procedure in several studies but is considered technically demanding. Separating the hernial sac and spermatic cord is difficult when a large sac inguinal hernia is encountered. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a combined open and laparoscopic TEP repair of large sac inguinal hernias.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Support vector machines for visual gender classification

Support vector machines (SVM) are investigated for visual gender classification with low-resolution "thumbnail" faces (21-by-12 pixels) processed from 1755 images from the FERET face database. The performance of SVM (3.4% error) is shown to be superior to traditional pattern classifiers (linear, quadratic, Fisher linear discriminant, nearest-neighbor) as well as more modern techniques such as radial basis function (RBF) classifiers and large ensemble-RBF networks. Surprisingly, SVM also out-performed human test subjects at the same task: in an experimental study involving 30 human test subjects ranging in age from mid-20s to mid-40s, the average error rate was 32% for the same "thumbnails" and 6.7% with high-resolution images (still nearly twice the error rate of SVM). The difference between low and high-resolution inputs with SVM was only 1% thus demonstrating a degree of robustness and relative scale invariance.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

Examples:

"['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!', 'AbstractOnce dubbed the food basket of Southern Africa in the 1990s by the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Zimbabwe, over the last two decades, has failed to live up to its name and reputation. An erratic land reform policy by the ZANU PF-led government marked the downfall of the agricultural sector. Commercial farming collapsed ushering in an era of semi-commercial farming and subsistence farming which did little to live up to the expectations of SADC and let alone its people. Once an agro-based economy, Zimbabwe started to show signs of collapse when it embroiled itself in continuous failure to feed its own people. The country has been marred by poverty and hunger. However, the discovery of minerals such as diamonds in Chiadzwa and gold marked a new era in the economic revival and resuscitation of Zimbabwe. Focus now shifted from an agricultural-based economy to a mineral resources-dependent economy. All of this was part of the efforts to revive an impoverished country. This article delve...']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', '‘From an Agro-Based to a Mineral Resources-Dependent Economy’: A Critical Review of the Contribution of Mineral Resources to the Economic Development of Zimbabwe']"

We are interested in methods for building cognitive vision systems to understand activities of expert operators for our ActIPret System. Our approach to the gesture recognition required here is to learn the generic models and develop methods for contextual bias of the visual interpretation in the online system. The paper first introduces issues in the development of such flexible and robust gesture learning and recognition, with a brief discussion of related research. Second, the computational model for the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is described and results with varying amounts of noise in the training and testing phases are given. Third, extensions of this work to allow both top-down bias in the contextual processing and bottom-up augmentation by moment to moment observation of the hand trajectory are described.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: A Music Analysis on Atomospheric Sounds in Japanese Sci-Fi Anime

In this research, we focused on Japanese Sci-Fi animation, and conducted a survey of 12 titles and 83 scenes, mainly on contents since the 00's. As a result, the relation with the various editing techniques is deep as the video expression technique, and sound including abundant dissonance and non-integral next harmonic was abundantly used as the sound production technique. Furthermore, when compared with overseas contents, the use rate of electronic sound was remarkably high.

Introduction Signs Fiction Realism and Reality Science Fiction's Crazy Prose The Death and Deconstruction of Sf Fictions in the Slipstream Terrible Angels: Science Fiction and the Singularity Transreality: Living What You Write Rudy Rucker and the Future of Transrealism Bibliography


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: The Role of Flower Inclination, Depth, and Height in the Preferences of a Pollinating Beetle (Coleoptera: Glaphyridae)

Amphicoma (Glaphyridae) beetles are important pollinators of red bowl-shaped flowers in the Mediterranean. The role of color and shape in flower choice is well studied but the roles of inclination, depth, and height have seldom been investigated. Under field conditions, models were used to experimentally manipulate these three characters and visitation rates of beetles were recorded. Models with red horizontal surfaces were visited significantly more often than models with red vertical surfaces. Shallow flower models were visited significantly more than deeper equivalents. Models below or at the height of natural flower populations elicited significantly more landings than models above the height of flowers. Inclination, depth, and height characteristics are all likely to be important components in the flower preferences exhibited by pollinating beetles.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Nutritional Ecology of Forb Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Insect Folivores of Woody Plants: Nitrogen, Water, Fiber and Mineral Considerations Nutritional Ecology of Grass Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Phytophagous Mites Nutritional Ecology of Lichen/Moss Arthropods Nutritional Ecology of Arthropod Gall-Makers Nutritional Ecology of Bruchid Beetles Nutritional Ecology of Seed-Sucking Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product and House Dust Mites Ecology of Nectar and Pollen Feeding in Lepidoptera.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Direct laser writing of complex photopolymer structures using diffractive optical elements

In this paper we describe the direct laser writing of complex structures in a multifunctional acrylate polymer system using fan-out and grey-scale diffractive optical elements (DOE). The effective writing speed of waveguides was successfully increased using a fan-out DOE element. The DOEs to produce greyscale outputs (such as an intensity ramp) and other complex outputs (such as Heriot-Watt University logo) were used to fabricate greyscale and complex structures in polymer. Quantitative fabrication results of these structures are presented in this paper.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

The optical tweezers effect offers the potential for all-optical control of microfluidic and optofluidic devices. Several possible means for applying optical tweezers to optofluidics are described including the use of polymers to tether transversely trapped microspheres and eliminate the need for axial trapping. Also covered is the use of optically trapped cantilevers to make durable devices and to allow the optically actuated elements to be integrated into the devices during manufacture. Self-aligning fibre-optic confocal detection of backscattered light is used to measure the position of the trapped object with respect to the axis of the trap for application to force sensing.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as with most other forms of intracranial inflammatory or infectious diseases, is a powerful though largely nonspecific diagnostic tool. For imaging of these complex patients with the varied and numerous pathologies they may harbor, the standard protocol is utilized to include gadolinium-enhanced sequences. This unit presents optional imaging sequences, including magnetic resonance diffusion (dMRI), magnetic resonance perfusion (pMRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), that can be employed should patient tolerance allow and if specific the clinical situation requires further clarification.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.

© 2008 Elsevier 0196-4399/00 (see frontmatter) 45 (CMV IgG) avidity and relationship of avidity to CMV IgM levels. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9:824-827. 23. Prince, H.E. et al. 2005. Utilization of follow-up specimens from viremic blood donors to assess the value of West Nile virus immunoglobulin G avidity as an indicator of recent infection. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12:1123-1126. 24. Fox, J.L. et al. 2006. Immunoglobulin G avidity in differentiation between early and late antibody responses to West Nile virus. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 13:33-36. 25. Wong S.J. et al. 2003. Immunoassay targeting nonstructural protein 5 to differentiate West Nile virus infection from dengue and St. Louis encephalitis virus infections and from flavivirus vaccination. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:4217-4223.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Azido and dimethylamino derivatives of tellurium hexafluoride

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

It has been established by 19F NMR spectroscopy that TeF6 and Me3SiX (X = N3 or NMe2) react to form compounds TeFnX6 –n(n= 1–5). Reaction of TeF6 with Me3SiNMe2 in a 1 : 2 ratio gave a mixture of TeF5(NMe2), cis-TeF4(NMe2)2 and fac-TeF3(NMe2)3. With a 1 : 4 ratio, TeF4(NMe2)2(both isomers), TeF2(NMe2)4(both isomers) and TeF(NMe2)5 were obtained. Reaction of TeF6 with Me3SiN3 in a 1 : 1 ratio gave TeF5(N3) and cis-TeF4(N3)2 as the major components with minute quantities of trans-TeF4(N3)2 and fac-TeF3(N3)3. A 1 : 2 reaction initially led to all members of the series except mer-TeF3(N3)3, with TeF5(N3) and trans-TeF4(N3)2 gradually disappearing. An unidentified tellurium(IV) species appeared in both of the azide reactions and often obscured the signal due to cis-TeF2(N3)4. With azide ion, TeF6 gave [TeF5]–, [TeF7]– and nitrogen.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

E.g. ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Current transformer used for measuring the current in the main substation, which is very helpful in the operational ac- tivities at substation as current control and analysis of the disturbance in the electricity system grid operation. Cur- rent transformer is intended to measure the magnitude of high ows to hundreds of Amperes that owing in a high voltage electrical network. If the currents that want to be measured owing in high voltage networks, although the magnitude is below 5A, then the measurement cannot be done with using ammeters, because this method will en- danger the operator. And also dangerous to use ammeters because ammeters tapes are not designed for high voltage and the low current capacity measurement. Similarly, if the current measured owing in low voltage network and the amount is measured to hundreds of Amperes, then the measurement cannot be done directly by using ammeters. The current transformer will be discussed at this writing is the current transformer in outdoor tanks type.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER AT. PLN UPT Gandul']

Abstract [Bis(trimethylsilyl)]amino- N -t-butylphospha(III)azene is made in a two step synthesis. It can be oxidized by sulfur and selenium to a stable monomeric metathio- and metaselenophosphoric acid derivative and it forms with methanol the bis(amino)phosphine derivative which can be oxidized by CCl 4 to the aminophospha(V)azene derivative.


Question:
represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract
E.g. "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Upper body power as a determinant of classical cross-country ski performance']" == "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between short (< or =60 s) and long duration (4-12 min) measures of upper body power (UBP) and mass start classical cross-country ski performance. Several experienced skiers (eight men, five women) completed three separate tests of UBP on a double poling ergometer: two tests of highest average power output for 10 s (UBP(10)) and 60 s (UBP(60)), and an incremental test to exhaustion to measure peak oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK)) and peak power output (UBP(PEAK)). Lastly, subjects competed in a 10-km classical cross-country ski race from which race speed (RS) was computed. RS correlated highly with UBP(10) (r = 0.93; P < 0.05), UBP(60) (r = 0.92; P < 0.05), and UBP(PEAK) (r = 0.94; P < 0.05); the correlation was lower but still significant for VO(2PEAK) (r = 0.88; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that both short and long duration measures of UBP are important determinants of mass start classical ski race performance.']" != "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!', 'This study aims to determine the effect of flexibility exercises combined with plyometrics in hurdles race, on physical fitness, motor skills (MS) and hip range of motion.']"

Question: Taxation Law: Security Deposits to Guard Against 'Phoenix Companies' - Is This Really Necessary?

Earlier this year, the government introduced into Parliament the Tax Laws Amendment (Transfer of Provisions) Bill 2010. Its principal aim is to remove swathes of sections from the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 and integrate them into the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (TAA). Sounds innocuous, right? Or even boring?

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Introduction. PART I: DOING YOUR HOMEWORK: PREPARING FOR THE VENTURE CAPITALISTS. The Venture Capital Revolution. Venture Capital FAQ: Is the Game Right for You? The Market Risk. The People Risk--Part I: Management Teams and Boards. The People Risk--Part II: Strategic Alliances. The Master of the Keiretsu: An Interview with Pete Musser. The Technology Risk. The Money Risk. PART II: GETTING FUNDED. How to Value Your Company. Writing Effective Business Plans. Which Venture Capitalist Is Right For You? Show Time: Presenting to the Venture Capitalists. Negotiating the Term Sheet: The Art of the Deal. Surviving the Due Diligence Process. Epilogue: Life After the Deal. Appendix A: Directory of Interviewees. Appendix B: Sample Confidentiality Agreement. Appendix C: Sample Term Sheet. Appendix D: TL Ventures Due Diligence Checklist. Appendix E: Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement. Appendix F: Select Online Entrepreneurial Resources. Appendix G: VC Resources for Women and Minorities. Notes. Index.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE EVALUATED: THE END OF AN ILLUSION

“What is important can be evaluated and what has been evaluated is important.” This apparent evidence omits the methodological questions of what and how should be evaluated. Against current reductionism in evaluating intercultural competence it will be argued that intercultural encounters are basically “corporeal” (not corporal) communication. The instruments of this analysis are provided by the New Phenomenology of Hermann Schmitz.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:

CRITICISM OF ADOPTING A SPECIALIZED UNIT APPROACH RATHER THAN INTEGRATING APPROACH INTO ENTIRE DEPARTMENT.


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Philosophy and Computer Science: Problems and Applications

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

From the Publisher: ::: This volume is divided into four main areas of philosophy: logic, epistemology (theory of knowledge); philosophy of mind; and ethics. Each chapter within these four areas examines a particular issue both from the philosophical perspective as well as the computer science/ AI perspective.

Contents: Virtual Worlds - History of Virtual Worlds - Virtual Worlds and Language Learning Theory - Varieties of Virtual World Environments - Language Learning in Second Life.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Mice act differently around mutants

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Transmission of behaviours between littermates could confound results. Transmission of behaviours between littermates could confound results.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper
For instance, <<['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The present invention, products are sensitive to suspended moisture and oxidation nonaqueous liquid, as well as desiccant polymer strip or storage container containing a desiccant film. Products are sensitive to moisture and oxidation, it may be a lactic acid producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri). Further, by using a specific water absorption technique, a method of extending the probiotic lactic acid producing shelf life of bacteria formulated in an oil.']>>  to <<['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract:', 'Products containing lactic acid bacteria and desiccant']>>

![Figure][1] ::: ::: Resisting infection takes a lot of strength, and sometimes that strength comes at a cost. For example, the growth of newborns exposed to infection can be restricted. But newly hatched chicks aren't completely unprotected from infection; they emerge with antibodies supplied by the


Question: Dynamic Composition of Web Service Based on Cloud Computing

Traditional web service discovery composition technology is hard to get adapted to dynamic, flexible modern business workflow. Due to the advantage of Cloud computing, dynamic, distributed, heterogeneous and autonomous nature to solve this problem provides a new way of thinking. This paper proposes a cloud computing environment that supports dynamic application service composition model, and in order to meet the real dynamic workflow environment, proposed cloud computing Web Service workflow management system CCB_WSFMS.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Foundations of Semantic Web Reasoning.- Composing Frameworks and Components for Families of Semantic Web Applications.- Semantic Web Logic Programming Tools.- Web Rules Need Two Kinds of Negation.- Reasoning in Practice.- Towards the Adaptive Semantic Web.- On Reasoning on Time and Location on the Web.- Reasoning about Communicating Agents in the Semantic Web.- Query and Rule-Languages.- A Visual Language for Web Querying and Reasoning.- XML Document Adaptation Queries (XDAQ): An Approach to Adaptation Reasoning Using Web Query Languages.- On Types for XML Query Language Xcerpt.- Integrating Description Logics and Answer Set Programming.- Semantics and Knowledge Representation.- Extracting Mathematical Semantics from Documents.- Reasoning in Attempto Controlled English.- Systematics and Architecture for a Resource Representing Knowledge about Named Entities.


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: The Reception (in Sociology) of Recent French Social Theorists

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Over the last two decades sociology's theoretical agenda has been highly impacted by a range of influences including the work or a range of recent French theorists. Some of the key sociologically relevant points of Derrida's writings are described and their relative impact on sociology and intellectual life more generally are examined in relation to the broader array of French theorists. The exegetical literature is referenced to identify some of the mechanisms by which some theorists have a more widespread impact, and how different intellectual communities inter-relate with each other.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Chapter One: Introduction Chapter Two: The Historical Context: Origin of Critical Pedagogy Chapter Three: The Theoretical Context: Culture and Cultural Politics Chapter Four: Alternative Projects of Critical Pedagogy Chapter Five: Education of Resistance against Globalization Chapter Six: Alternative Models of Society Chapter Seven: Conclusion References Index


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Polarization ray picture of coherence for vectorial electromagnetic waves

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:

We elucidate a ray picture of coherence for vectorial electromagnetic waves by using the Stokes parameters for light rays defined by the optical Wigner function. Paraxial propagation is formulated as a complementary Huygens principle. We show that the degrees of coherence are averages of the phase difference where the weights are the Stokes parameters for light rays. We analyze the van Cittert-Zernike theorem for vectorial waves in terms of ray propagation. We show that simple polarization measurements in a Young interferometer determine the degrees of coherence for vectorial electromagnetic waves.

The generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral for misaligned asymmetric first-order optical systems is derived by using the canonical operator method, which enables us to study propagation properties of anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model (AGSM) beams through misaligned asymmetric first-order optical systems. It is shown that under the action of misaligned asymmetric first-order optical systems AGSM beams do not preserve the closed property. Therefore generalized partially coherent anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model beams called decentered anisotropic Gaussian Schell-model (DAGSM) beams are introduced, and AGSM beams can be regarded as a special case of DAGSM beams.


Question: Represent text

Question: On the analysis of complex thermoluminescence glow curves

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.

Given ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'No proven increase in overall survival when bevacizumab is added to carboplatin and gemcitabine, but significant, sometimes fatal additional adverse effects.'], a positive would be ['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Bevacizumab and relapsed ovarian cancer: too many serious and life-threatening adverse effects.']

A method for analyzing complex thermoluminescence glow curves is reported. It allows the fitting of the experimental curves with the proposed kinetic equations in such a way as to verify their capability to represent the process under examination. The values of activation energy, frequency factor, and other relevant parameters can be obtained. An application is made to the glow curve of NaCl x-irradiated at room temperature. (22 references) (auth)

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Preparation methods and physical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon semiconducting alloys having one-dimensional structure are discussed using experimental data on infrared absorption spectra, gas effusion spectra, ESR, optical reflectance and transmittance spectra, photo-acoustic spectra PAS and photoluminescence spectra.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Multi-functional silicone stamps for reactive release agent transfer in UV roll-to-roll nanoimprinting

A study is presented on the transfer of low surface tension reactive monomers such as monomethacryloxypropyl-terminated poly-dimtheylsiloxane (mPDMS) from a host bi-layer hard-PDMS (h-PDMS)/PDMS silicone mold to cured resin coated web surfaces in situ during UV roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography. Here the bi-layer silicone mold plays a dual role as both a lithographic template as well as a release agent transfer vehicle, accomplishing both tasks without additional in-line processing steps. This paper is thus an early investigation into large area multi-functional silicone stamps designed especially for production of low surface energy polymer resin molds via roll-to-roll processing.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Optimized ps laser processing improves direct laser engraving of embossing rollers and high power fiber laser combined with ultrafast modulation and scanning techniques enable for digital print applications based on laser induced forward transfer (LIFT).


Question: Represent the following document

Question: Research on the Model for Weighted Mean Temperature of the Atmosphere Based on Matlab

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

The approach to the remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor is to determine the precipitable water vapor by means of tropospheric zenith wet delay.A transfer coefficient which is the function of the weighted mean temperature is required when making conversion between the two physical quantities.In order to obtain the higher temporal resolution and accuracy of water vapor,the experiment of weighted mean temperature model which is adapted to Hohhot has been presented by way of Matlab,based on meteorological observation data of the automatic observation station in Hohhot during June 30th 2007—June 30th 2008.It will offer references for the business of the remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor in other areas

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: System and method time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography and perfusion images

It provides a method of magnetic resonance angiography and perfusion imaging using the same pulse sequence. Time-resolved image data is obtained when the contrast agent to pass therethrough. The image data, the central region of k-space or included in one of a plurality of different sets of radial sectors extending outwardly from the central region thereof, is obtained by sampling the Cartesian point of k-space . The image data so as to form an individual image frame data set to be reproduced so as to form a time series of image frames are combined. From this time series, MR angiography and perfusion map is formed. In addition the acquisition of calibration data, T1 relaxation parameters are estimated, quantitative perfusion map is formed.

We demonstrate in vivo volumetric OMAG at 200 volumes/s by an inter-volume analysis to contrast dynamic cerebral blood flow. Speed, sensitivity and temporal resolution become possible for a direct 4D observation of microcirculations.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Meta-analysis of patients taking statins before revascularization and aortic valve surgery.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.

Statin intake before cardiac surgery is associated with favorable outcomes. We sought to analyze the evidence for statin pretreatment before isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery and aortic valve replacement surgery. In this meta-analysis, we demonstrate beneficial results for the endpoints mortality, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and length of stay in hospital in 36,053 statin-pretreated coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients compared with control subjects retrieved from 32 studies, but fail to detect relevant advantages through preoperative statin therapy for 3,091 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement from four trials. Strict adherence to guidelines recommending statin treatment before CABG surgery is therefore mandatory.

Highlights •Most type B aortic dissections that are medically managed progress to aneurysms. •Aneurysms increase the incidence of aorta related adverse events and mortality. •Early thoracic endovascular aortic repair improves the rate of favorable aortic remodeling, which is protective against aneurysm formation. •Randomized trials are needed to further define the benefits of early thoracic endovascular aortic repair in type B aortic dissection.


Question:
represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract:
------
E.g.
'['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency']' == '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'It is the first book to give a clear and concise overview of how this group of conditions affects adult patients, a that topic will become a growing imperative for physicians across primary and specialized care.']' != '['', 'Perspectives and Summary 227 Structure 228 Reductases 230 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formaldehyde ...... 233 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formate 240 Reaction of the One-Carbon Unit at the Methyl Leve/ of Oxidation 244 Pterin-Dependent Hydraxy/ations 245']'

Question: Heavy states of hadron string as weak interacting massive particles for Dark Matter

Massive states (of order 10 Gev and more) of hadron string (with scale 1 Gev) can have very small coupling constants with usual baryons of the Universe. Corresponding mean times for them are found to be order and even more than the age of the Universe. They are proposed as possible candidates for weak interacting massive particles (WIMP) of Dark Matter.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

It is shown that the hypothesis that bound states are generated by weak interactions between leptons might be at the origin of Yang--Mills gauge fields; and it is shown how the Abelian or nonAbelian gauge transformations of the gauge fields might be due to that of the constituent spinor fields when the Wilson shortdistance behavior of the spinor field representing the constituent leptons is considered. (JFP)


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.

Question: Influence of fluctuating networks on the structural-mechanical properties of diphilic copolymer solutions☆

The fluctuating networks of an amorphous nature, arising in any polymer solution having a concentration near the inverse intrinsic viscosity [1], determine in many ways the structural-mechanical properties of the solutions. It is very difficult to separate their effect from that of other parameters because of the changes of all the other parameters when diluting the solution to the extent necessary to eliminate these networks. A direct observation of the amorphous networks by the available means is still more difficult, chiefly because of their fluctuating nature. Their modelling [2,3] by diphilic copolymer solutions, which give an opportunity of controlling the formation of the inter-chain hydrogen bonds, is a promising method, which makes possible a definite evaluation of the network effects on the structural-mechanical properties of solutions.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Biomineral-inspired hybrids forming helically ordered structures are developed by T. Kato and co-workers on page 5127. These helical hybrids consist of liquid-crystalline chitin and CaCO3 . They resemble the structures of crustacean cuticles such as the exoskeleton of a lobster or crayfish. These hybrids are formed through CaCO3 crystallization on the liquidcrystalline chitin templates. Polymer-stabilized amorphous CaCO3 is incorporated into the liquid-crystalline chitin templates. This approach is useful for the development of new hierarchical hybrid materials from abundant natural resources.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: The Tensile and Surface Frictional Property of Soybean Protein Fibers

In order to understand the mechanical properties of the soybean protein fibers (simply called SPF) in different processing condition, the tensile and frictional properties of the SPF are measured with different instruments. By the analysis of the results, the following conclusions can be deduced: bleaching has an influence on decreasing tenacity at break for each test modality. Knotted and looped modalities decrease fiber tenacity remarkably in all three samples, and the same occurs with elongation at break. Looped modalities show lower tenacity and elongation at break, the lowest being the bleached fibers in looped modalities.

Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.

Question: Coffee straw can replace Hader bar for bar retained overdentures--a clinical report.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.

Bar attachment system provides retention and support for the overdenture. Retention of a mandibular denture can be achieved by an implant-retained or natural tooth-retained bar and stud attachment in the anterior segment of the mandible. A simple and cost effective treatment for more complex implant overdenture is the concept of conventional tooth-retained overdentures. The authors present a clinical report of a patient treated with a mandibular tooth-borne overdenture with a bar. The bar was fabricated using a coffee straw.

Through clinical and in vitro evaluations clinical significance of continued use of a beta 2m removal membrane was validated.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Efficient Numerical Continuation and Stability Analysis of Spatiotemporal Quadratic Optical Solitons

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

A numerical method is set out which efficiently computes stationary (z-independent) two- and three-dimensional spatiotemporal solitons in second-harmonic-generating media. The method relies on a Chebyshev decomposition with an infinite mapping, bunching the collocation points near the soliton core. Known results for the type-I interaction are extended and a stability boundary is found by two-parameter continuation as defined by the Vakhitov--Kolokolov criteria. The validity of this criterion is demonstrated in (2+1) dimensions by simulation and direct calculation of the linear spectrum. The method has wider applicability for general soliton-bearing equations in (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions.

One dimensional problems.- The Analytical Behaviour of Solutions.- Finite Difference Schemes for Convection-Diffusion Problems.- Finite Element and Finite Volume Methods.- Discretisations of Reaction-Convection-Diffusion Problems.- Layer-Adapted Meshes.- Two dimensional problems.- The Analytical Behaviour of Solutions.- Reaction-Diffusion Problems.- Convection-Diffusion Problems.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Organic Solvent Tolerance of Retro-Friedel–Crafts Hydrolases

Retro-Friedel–Crafts hydrolases are co-factor independent enzymes with unusual reactivity and selectivity. These unique hydrolases are scarcely studied for biocatalytical applications in organic chemistry yet, although many other hydrolytic enzymes (e.g. lipases) are commonly applied as catalysts. Two Friedel–Crafts hydrolases were selected, namely 2,6-diacetylphloroglucinol hydrolase (PhlG) from Pseudomonas fluorescens and phloretin hydrolase from Eubacterium ramulus (Phy), to test the suitability of these enzymes in synthetic applications. The activity and stability of PhlG and Phy as lyophilized cells or lyophilized crude extracts were investigated in the presence of organic co-solvents. It was shown, that by careful selection of the co-solvent the enzymes catalyse C–C hydrolysis in a buffer solvent mixture with improved conversions at 50 mM substrate concentration. However, attempts to catalyze C–C-bond formation in organic solvents were unsuccessful.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

Perspectives and Summary 227 Structure 228 Reductases 230 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formaldehyde ...... 233 One-Carbon Unit Transfer at the Oxidation Level of Formate 240 Reaction of the One-Carbon Unit at the Methyl Leve/ of Oxidation 244 Pterin-Dependent Hydraxy/ations 245


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract:

Question: Role of MgO additive in reaction sintering of bauxite and titania

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Raw bauxite and titania with molar ratio of Al 2 O 3 : TiO 2 as 1.2 : 1 were wet milled with varying amount of MgO. The milled powder after drying was pressed into briquettes, which were then sintered at various temperatures from 1400 to 1550°. MgO additive (about 1%) influenced the extent of sintering and quality of the product to the maximum extent.

Research shows that the use of montmorillonite clay and flotation wastes from coal enrichment permits the production of an effective heat insulator: high-performing claydite. Coal-enrichment wastes facilitate the formation of mullite on firing claydite.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Agricultural development, migrant labor and the resurgence of malaria in Swaziland.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Much of the research on the recent resurgence of malaria in Third World areas has focused on the problem of vector resistance arising out of the widespread use of pesticides in conjunction with the development of large-scale agricultural projects. Evidence from southern Africa, and particularly from Swaziland, where a resurgence of malaria has occurred in the absence of pesticide-resistant strains of Anopheles mosquitoes, suggests that changes in agroecosystems, labor utilization and settlement patterns, which are also associated with large-scale agricultural development, may play an equally important role in the resurgence of malaria. Renewed efforts to control malaria must, therefore, take account of the social and economic, as well as the biological determinants of this disease.

This paper deals with both theoretical and empirical aspects of the link between corruption and decentralization in both developing and emerging countries. O...


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Study on dye-stuff wastewater treatment with dicyandiamide-formaldehyde decolorant

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

A water-soluble,cationic organic flocculent was synthesized with dicyandiamide-formaldehyde as main raw material and with the introduction of additives,which was used in combination with polyaluminium chloride,an inorganic flocculent, to treat the wastewater from dye-stuff production.The effects of the applied quanitity of the decolorant and PAC,of the dosage of the flocculent, as well as of pH value etc.,on the results of the treatment of the wastewater from dye-stuff production were studied, with the primary factors affecting the decolorization rate and optimum conditions for the treatment of the wastewater determined through orthogonal tests.The results showed that when the pH value of the dye-stuf wastewater was 7.5-9.5, the applied quantity of the decolorant was 1.5-2.0 mL/L and that of PAC was 50-90 mg/L.The decolorization rates of the six types of dye-stuff through the tests were all over 92%. The removal rate of COD of different types of dye-stuff varied to some extent,which can be beyond 84%.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

An imidazoline quaternary corrosion inhibitor suitable for oilfield was synthesized. Oleic acid, diethylene triamine, and quaternary ammonium reagents were used in the experiment. The dimethylbenzene was used as water carrying agent. Under the experimental conditions, the inhibition rate of the synthesized corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid can reach to 99.113%. Infrared spectrometer was used for the imidazoline corrosion inhibitor intermediates and the quaternary ammonium and the structures were characterized. The complex with sodium sulfite, potassium iodide, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium pyroantimonate, glycerol, OP-10, propargyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and thiourea were researched. The better mixtures with good synergy were selected and the best ratios were obtained.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Parallels Between the Views of David Ricardo and Karl Marx

The current article is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of philosopher, historian, sociologist, political scientist and economist, the founder of the fundamental work “Capital” – Karl Marx. It follows the author’s views on basic economic categories, namely value and surplus value, salary and rent, realization, and crises, as compared to the same published by British journalist David Ricardo. The undisputed contribution of the ideologist of communism, the creator of historical materialism, the theory of surplus value, and the class struggle theory, Marx, is underscored.

Foreword by Henry Warner Borden Introduction by John Kelsay Foundational Issues Historical Roots and Sources of the Just War Tradition in Western Culture by James Turner Johnson The Sources of Islamic Conceptions of War by Fred M. Donner The Western Moral Tradition on War: Christian Theology and Warfare by John Langan, S.J. The Religious Foundations of War, Peace, and Statecraft in Islam by Richard C. Martin Holy War "Holy War" Appeals and Western Christianity: A Reconsideration of Bainton's Approach by David Little Holy War (jihad) in Islamic Religion and Nation-State Ideologies by Bruce Lawrence International Law The International Law of War as Related to the Western Just War Tradition by William V. O'Brien War and Peace in the Islamic Tradition and International Law by Ann Elizabeth Mayer Select Bibliography Index


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.

Question: Effect of Carbon Promoters on the Performance of Cu-Zn-Al Catalyst Prepared by Complete Liquid-Phase Technology

Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared by a complete liquid-phase technology and characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption,H2 temperature-programmed reduction,and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption.The effects of carbon nanotubes and carbon microspheres as promoters on catalyst performance for alcohol synthesis were investigated.The results indicated that the Cu-Zn-Al methanol synthesis catalysts showed activity for the synthesis of higher alcohols and hydrocarbons.Cu0 particles with larger grain size were conducive to the growth of carbon chains.Adding carbon microspheres can significantly decrease the size of Cu0 particles and improve the selectivity for methanol.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Principle and Configuration of Radio Frequency Card

The concept,configuration,principle and characteristics for RF card RFID was described this article.and it also introduces principle and circuit makeup of microchip on RF card.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.

Question: Comparison of acoustic source localization methods in time domain using sparsity constraints

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:

For example, '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'On the basis of VU and PMR spectroscopic data with the aid of the method of experimental structures and the method of dipole moments it was concluded that the products of the reaction of 1,4-dichlorophthalazine with ammonia, methylamine, and aniline in solutions and in the crystalline form exist primarily as Z conformers of the amino tautomeric form. Conversion to the tautomeric imino form was established for 1-phenylamino-4-chlorophthalazine in a number of solvents. The imines of 2-methyl-4-chlorophthalazine exist as the E isomers.']' should be close to '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Spectra and structure of 1-aminophthalazines']'

This paper deals with source localization techniques in time domain for broadband acoustic sources. The goal is to detect accurately and quickly the position and amplitude of noise sources in workplaces in order to prevent employees from hearing loss or safety risk. First, the generalized cross correlation associated with a spherical microphone array is used to get a raw noise source map. Then a linear inverse problem is defined. Commonly, linear inverse problem is solved with an l2-regularization. In this study, two sparsity constraints are used to solve the inverse problem, the orthogonal matching pursuit and the truncated Newton interior-point method. Synthetic data are used to highlight the abilities of such techniques. High resolution can be achieved for various acoustic sources configurations. Moreover, the amplitudes of the acoustic sources are correctly estimated. Finally, a comparison of computation time shows these techniques are suitable in real scenario.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:

Polarimetric calibration is performed by applying distortion matrices acting on transmit and receive. Two different approaches to determine these distortion matrices are compared to each other, a statistical one, and an approach that uses radar reflectors. The effect of polarimetric calibration is demonstrated by means of two examples pertaining to polarimetric detection, and to feature based target recognition.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Henry Maunsell (1806–1879): An early community physician

The story of the ancestry of academic community medicine has been confounded by the persistent interchange of titles of the specialty which over the years has included, hygiene, state medicine, sanitary science, public health, and social and preventive medicine. Nevertheless the subject can be identified by its aims (the promotion of the health of the general public) and its methods (community diagnosis and intervention among total populations). These criteria support the claim for Henry Maunsell as the first professor of the subject in these islands.

Rosamond born 31/3/1907, therefore this photograph dates from around August 1907. Lancelot Giles was British Pro-Consul then Acting Consul at Xiamen (Amoy) between 1907 and August 1909.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Macroeconomic Effects of Credit Deepening in Latin America

We augment a standard dynamic general equilibrium model with financial frictions, in order to quantify the macroeconomic effects of the credit deepening process observed in Latin America in the last decade - most notably in Brazil. In the model, a stylized banking sector intermediates credit from patient households to impatient households and entrepreneurs. Motivated by the Brazilian experience, we allow the credit constraint faced by households to depend on labor income. Our model is designed to isolate the effects of credit deepening through demand-side channels, and abstracts from potential effects of credit supply on total factor productivity. In the calibrated model, credit deepening generates only modest above-trend growth in consumption, investment, and GDP. Since Brazil has experienced one of the most intense credit deepening processes in Latin America, we argue that the quantitative effects that hinge on the channels captured by the model are unlikely to be sizable elsewhere in Latin America.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.
Examples:
Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', "Annual final report submitted June 28, 2018 by the chair of SASCO, records the committee's charge, project descriptions, goals, and objectives for the coming year"]" Match: "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'New Membership Roundtable: Student and Student Chapter Outreach Committee (NMRT SASCO) Final Report']"

Contents: Foreword Preface Part I: Agenda 1. Is the Flying-Geese Theory Passe-or Still Relevant? Part II: Real-Sector Growth: Industrial Upgrading 2. Akamatsu's Flying-Geese Theory - in the Rough 3. A Dynamic Stages Model of Structural Upgrading, Industrial Transplantation, and Knowledge Diffusion 4. Comparative Advantage Recycling in Labor-Driven Growth: An Unprecedented Opportunity for the Poor to Rise? 5. Structural Upgrading, Infrastructure Development, and Insatiable Quest for Natural Resources 6. The Asian Model for Latin America? A Tale of Two Regions Part III: Money/Finance Dimension of Flying-Geese-Style Growth 7. Borrowed Growth: Balance of Payments, Capital Flows, and Development Finance 8. Creating the World in America's Own Image? Bibliography Index


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Inhibition of ethionine pancreatitis in the rabbit by DL-BETA-3 thienylalanine pretreatment.

Beta-3 thienylalanine, an inhibitor of zymogen formation, was studied in the experimental model of ethionine pancreatitis in the rabbit. Beta-3TA pretreated and nonpretreated rabbits were given ethionine for six days and controls were given chow only. Animals were killed and serum amylase values determined. Pancreatic tissue was studied by light and electron microscopy. Beta-3TA pretreated rabbits on ethionine showed normal amylase values, while those receiving only ethionine showed high values. Microscopic examination showed severe pancreatitis in the nonpretreated group but only mild vacuolization of cells in the Beta-3TA pretreated animals. Electron microscopy demonstrated integrity of rough endoplasmic reticulum in pretreated animals and severe distortion of cytoplasmic organelles in nonpretreated animals.

3-Pyridine-carboxaldehyde and 3-pyridine-aldoxime were effective and specific inhibitors of the uptake of both nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (ND) by Bordetella pertussis, although neither compound inhibited the growth of the bacteria in liquid medium or the oxidation of glutamate by washed suspensions. In contrast, the following pyridine derivatives did not inhibit uptake of NA or ND: iso-NA, iso-ND, isoniazid, 6-amino-NA and 6-amino-ND, 3-acetyl-pyridine, 3-pyridyl-acetic acid, N,N-diethyl-ND and 3-pyridine-sulphonic acid. 3- Pyridyl-carbinol was inhibitory, but less so than the first listed compounds.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.

Question: Development of Monitoring Program Based an Automotive GPS/DR Integrated Navigation System for Lane Departure Warning

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title!

In this paper, integrated navigation algorithm is designed for land transport sector which is needed high accuracy and monitoring program is developed for lane departure warning. High accuracy position information which is possible lane separation is needed for lane departure warning, so position detection algorithm based GPS/DR which combine GPS with dead reckoning is proposed. For the verification of the designed integrated navigation algorithm, we drived to acquire data and showed post-processing experiment results with monitoring program. Vehicle driving movie and aerial photograph in monitoring program is designed to show lane keeping and lane separation.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Experimental and numerical results obtained for a scaled RPV and a full size aircraft

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

This paper describes a series of tests of remotely piloted vehicles (RPV) and full scale aircraft from which most of the performance information and selected dynamic characteristics normally required for aircraft operation can be obtained. The main goal of the paper is to compare corresponding characteristics of RPVs and full scale aircraft and establish if RPV testing can help and influence an early stage design project in order to optimise its aerodynamic configuration and predict its static and dynamic characteristics. This paper presents basic similarity transformations, including mass scale, force scale, power scale, linear acceleration scale, Reynolds number scale etc. as functions of linear scale. It was found that tests in steady conditions are difficult to perform, time‐consuming, and do not offer significant advantages over the classical wind tunnel tests. RPV tests in unsteady conditions are much easier to perform and quite accurate.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

The report describes the CFD work performed at DLRs Institute of Aerodynamic and Flow Technology under contract to Airbus France. The study is assign to Task 1.1 of the LAGOON project on the assesment of the influence in aerodynamic performances for a simplified landing gear model located in two different wind tunnels. The flow around an identical model in the free jet Cepra19 WT and in the F2 closed test section tunnel is simulated, as well as the free stream setting.Due to the lack of previous free jet tunnel simulations some initial studies of the empty Cepra19 WT flow were performed.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Impedance Eduction with an Extended Search Procedure

process in which impedance of the sample lining, duct termination impedance, and mean flow Mach number are set and the acoustic field is predicted. A search algorithm varying 5 degrees of freedom (real and imaginary parts of the twoimpedancesandMachnumber)isusedtobest fitthepredictedacoustic fieldtothemeasuredacoustic field.With Mach number as a search parameter, substantially improved data fitting is achieved as compared with the use of an a priori assumption of effective Mach number presumed to account for real flow effects. Published NASA Langley Research Center grazing incidence tube data are used in benchmark examples. Data from the Spirit AeroSystems flow duct facility are used to emphasize the quality of results achieved.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Dipole Basic Characteristics Partial Sleeve, PIFA, and Patch Loops Dielectric Resonator Antennas References


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Application study of a bivariate extremal distribution in flood frequency analysis

A bivariate extremal distribution is adopted to analyze the joint distribution between the annual flood peak Q and flood volume V observed at a hydrological station of the Yangtze River. The parameters of this joint probability distribution are calibrated by using the observed data. The results display that the calibrated bivariate extremal distribution of (Q,V) fits the empirical distribution quite well. With the joint distribution of (Q,V) , it will be easy to derive the probability of the co-occurrences of flood peaks and flood volumes, or to find the occurring probability of either of two events (e.g., a flood peak), if the probability of another event (e.g., a flood vlume) is given. The application of the bivariate extremal distribution in flood frequency analysis will enhance our understanding of statistical properties of the extreme hydrological events.

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!

The performance of a building material degrades as time goes by and the failure of the material is often defined as the point at which the performance of the material reaches a pre-specified degraded level. Based on a stochastic deterioration model, a performance based service life prediction method for building materials and components is developed. As a stochastic degradation model, a gamma process is considered and lifetime distribution and service life of a material are predicted using the degradation model. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the use of the proposed service life prediction method.


Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Design of an industrial product platform based on the Witkey mode

Based on the Witkey mode, an industrial product platform is designed under the scientific and technical principle, which uniquely integrates the displaying, learning, and trade in a trinitarian manner. We first analyze the possible shortcomings of the existing industrial design platforms, and then elaborate on the overall design and module design of our platform, inspired by the fast development of internet and the intriguing characteristics of the Witkey mode. This synthesized platform we proposed overcomes possible issues in the traditional industrial design platforms, complies with the trend of converting intelligent work to economic payoff, and is also in accord with the tide of modern internet development.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

This document describes the design, development and implementation details of the software package developed for real-time plotting of flight parameters for ELS.


Question: represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: Analysis of steam channeling mechanism in cyclic steam stimulation of super heavy oil in block Du84 and research of anti-channeling measures

This paper studies steam channeling in cyclic steam stimulation of super heavy oil and its harmfulness, analyzes reservoir and development factors relating to steam channeling, discuses the practice of anti-channeling in block Du84, and puts forward anti-channeling measures suitable to cyclic steam stimulation of super heavy oil.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!

Tahe Oilfield is the first super-deep and super-heavy carbonate reservoir discovered in China so far,with a buried depth of 5350-6600m and 80% of the reserve is super-heavy oil.There is a huge difficulty in developing such a kind of reservoir.Based on nearly 10 years′ developing experience,the influencing factors of the mechanism of light oil blending for viscosity reduction and the operating practices widely used in this field at present are analyzed in detail.Research indicates conventional thermal methods are not suitable for the Tahe Oilfield,and light oil blending,large-scaled operation,hot light oil blending,compound relay pump,chemical viscosity reducers are effective techniques proposed in practice.The development of Tahe oilfield provides adaptable experience in developing super deep and heavy oil reservoir.


Question: Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: New phosphides of IVa and Va group metals with TiNiSi-type

Abstract New phosphides ZrTiP, HfCrP, HfMnP, TaVP, TaCrP and TaMnP with TiNiSi-type structure have been synthesized for the first time. Atomic parameters for TaMnP structure have been refined up to R=0.099 using X-ray powder data. Solubility of Ti in the compound V2P has been determined. Details of the formation of MM′P phosphides with TiNiSi-type structure in the (Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)–(Ti,V,Cr,Mn)–P systems are discussed.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

The present study reports the thermal conductivity and electrical transport properties of Mo2Ga2C, which is the first member of double-A-layer MAX phases. Dense bulk samples of Mo2Ga2C were prepare...


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Nonprofit Organizations and Human Services in Greece: The Residual Segment of a Weak Sector

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

The majority of Greek nonprofit organizations active in the field of human services belong in two categories: the first is homes for the elderly that provide assisted living to seniors and the second is philanthropic societies, which primarily fight against poverty. This paper argues that this sector is small in terms of membership, voluntary performance, beneficiaries, and budget. Nonprofit organizations have succeeded in developing close relationships with local communities, as well as in providing essential alleviation quickly and flexibly. On the other hand, organizations are very dependent on the state and they keep beneficiaries away from decision making; moreover, their contribution to building social capital is trivial and participation in policy-making minimal. The lack of collective representation prevents an open society and hinders communication with government.

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

Contents: The Information Society - The Digital Divide - The Digital Practice Perspective - The Digital Practice of Weak Tie Development - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Family Ties via Mobile Phone - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Digital Enclaves - The Digital Practice Perspective and Social Policy: Improving the Social, Cultural, and Civic Quality of the Digital Environment - Conclusion: Smart Mobs, Flash Mobs, Flash Robs and the Revolutionary Potential of the Digital Environment.


Question:
represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract
For instance you may be given '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'The Protection and Inheritance of Non-material Cultural Heritage in the Oroqen Ethnic Group——For the Example of Mosukun']' and it should match with '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Mosukun is a very popular kind of folk art in Oroqen people,which has been included in the first batch of non-material cultural heritage list.Mosukun is mainly spread in Heilongjiang place,whose lyrics and tunes are very unique art its value can not be neglected.This thesis makes an inquiry and puts forward the countermeasures to Mosukun state.']' but not with '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Translator\'s Preface Introduction 1. Japan\'s "Sole Road for Survival": The Range of Views Within the Guandong Army over the Seizure of Manchuria and Mongolia 2. Transforming Manchuria-Mongolia into a Paradise for Its Inhabitants: Building a New State and Searching for State-Building Ideals 3. Toward a Model of Politics for the World: The Banner of Moral State Creation and the Formation of Manzhouguo Politics 4. "The Long-Term Policy of National Management Will Always Be in Unison with the Japanese Empire": The Paradise of the Kingly Way Stumbles and the Path Toward the Merging of Japan and Manzhouguo 5. Conclusion: Chimera, Reality, and Illusion Afterword Interview: How Shall We Understand Manchuria and Manzhouguo? Appendix: On the Historical Significance of Manchuria and Manzghouguo Chronology on the Modern History of Manchuria and East Asia Notes Index']'.

Question: The story of Bob Marley's Wailers : wailing blues

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

The story of The Wailers is a litany of betrayal and greed that's rarely been reported elsewhere. Written in collaboration with Family Man and other surviving members, "The Wailers' Story" reveals the truth behind the Marley legacy. The Wailers played with Bob Marley on all of his hit singles and albums - records that have sold an estimated 250 million copies worldwide, and established Marley himself as a cultural and musical icon. This book traces the early lives of the Barrett brothers before they joined Marley in the '60s and discusses how reggae artists like Lee 'Scratch' Perry influenced the band. It includes insider accounts of the assassination attempt on Marley's life and his exile in London. It examines how hits like 'Exodus', 'Waiting In Vain', 'No Woman No Cry', and 'I Shot The Sheriff' were made - songs that have helped change the face of popular music.

Fading fast in Lygon Street the canons of Ramadan the Alexandrian quartet postcards from Cairo the boy from Bandung bed and breakfast in Lakemba little Tripoli the rope of Allah Sheherazade and her suitors Eid-ul-Adha women in white.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: A Feedback Linearization Approach for Panel Flutter Suppression With Piezoelectric Actuation

Panel flutter suppression by exact state transformations and feedback control using piezoelectric actuation is presented. A nonlinear control system is formulated for the nonlinear partial differential equation governing the dynamics of a simply supported rectangular panel with bonded piezoelectric layers based on the von Karman large-deflection plate theory. Distributed piezoelectric actuators and sensors connected to processing networks are used as modal actuators and sensors to actively control panel vibrations. The control inputs are given by the electric fields required to drive the actuators based on piezoelectric actuation. Nonlinear feedback control laws are formulated through a transformation of the nonlinear system into an equivalent controllable linear system. The simulated results show that the resulting closed-loop system based on feedback linearized controllers effectively suppress panel flutter limit-cycle motions.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper

Design of an Isolated Airfoil in an Ideal Incompressible Fluid. Account of Compressibility and Viscosity. Airfoil Design for a Given Range of Angels of Attack. Design of Mechanized Airfoils and Airfoils with Permeable Contour. Design Problems for Airfoils with Partially Given Contour. Airfoil Cascade Design. Aerohydrodynamically Reasonable Velocity Distributions. Regularization and Optimization in Inverse Boundary Value Problems of Hydrodynamics.


Question: Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Valence Transition of YbInCu4 Observed by Photoemission Spectroscopy

Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.

First-order valence transition of YbInCu4 at TV=42 K has directly been observed by photoemission spectroscopy (PES) using wide excitation photon energies from extremely low-energy region (hν=7 eV) to soft x-ray region (hν=800 eV), and further to hard x-ray region (hν=6 keV). The valence transition is more sharply observed in the hard x-ray PES spectra than the soft x-ray PES spectra. We demonstrate that the Yb 3d hard x-ray PES is very suitable for the estimation of the Yb valences with high accuracy, and they have been derived to be ∼2.90 in the high-temperature phase and ∼2.74 in the low-temperature phase. In the low-energy PES spectra, on the other hand, the hybridization band between the conduction-band (CB) and Yb 4f states is observed as a remarkable structure at 47 meV below the Fermi level. This structure suddenly appears below TV, indicating that a degree of the c-f hybridization increases in the low-temperature phase. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2011.90]

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

47. Quantum Chemical Studies of Molecular Structures and Potential Energy Surfaces of Porphyrins and Hemes. 48. Models for the Electronic Structure of Metalloporphyrins from High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction and Ab Initio Calculations. 49. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Applied to Porphyrin Chemistry. 50. Molecular Simulations and Normal-Coordinate Structural Analysis of Porphyrins and Heme Proteins. 51. Resonance Raman Spectra of Heme Proteins and Model Compounds. 52. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Petroporphyrins. 53. Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Heme Proteins and Model Systems. 54. Mass Spectrometry of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins.


Question: Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

Question: The fair use for trackless underground coal vehicle

This article relates the present of the trackless underground coal vehicle in country and overseas.It compares the three different driving mode coal vehicle.And submits leading indicator that how to select the type of vehicle reasonable.At the same time,it points out the adaptive condition.

Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title

Comparing other ways in recovery to promote,this article suggests that the technology from open-are to underground might reduce the cost of deploiling ore.