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represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

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'['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', "Treatment of children's varicocele under laparoscope:27 cases report"]' == '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', "AIM:To study the clinical value of high ligation of vena spermatica interna in treatment of children's varicocele under laparoscope. METHODS: High ligation treatment under laparoscope was adopted for 27 children with varicocele. RESULTS: All operations were successful (100%), with average operation time as 25 minutes. The average hospitalization time was 5.5 days after operation. The follow-up visits ranged from 1 to 20 months, with a mean of 14 month, and no recurrence was found. CONCLUSION: The method is easily operated, lightly invasive, effective, and safe. Therefore, the method deserves generalization."]' != '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The cause of intussusception in children is mainly idiopathic and non-surgical management is the first-choicetreatment if there is no contraindication. There are various methods of non-surgical management and still in debate. Wereviewed the currently used methods of these techniques, advantages and disadvantages, successful reduction rate as wellas complication rate. The novel techniques are also discussed. Key words: Childhood, Intussusception, Non-surgical treatment, Reduction']'

Question: Curative Effect of Acupuncture at Jiaji Points Combined with Blood-Letting Puncture and Cupping on Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation

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Objective: To observe acupuncture at Jiaji points combined with blood-letting puncture and cupping for treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.Methods: Sixty cases of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion were randomly divided into acupuncture of Jiaji points combined with blood-letting puncture and cupping group with the routine acupuncture group,in the course of treatment after one week two and after two weeks for clinical efficacy and the degree of pain assessment,and the comparative analysis.Results: Acupuncture at Jiaji points combined with blood-letting puncture and cupping had a better curative effect and the degree of pain assessment was better than that of conventional acupuncture,and there was a significant difference(P 0.05,P 0.01).Conclusion: Acupuncture at Jiaji points combined with blood-letting puncture and cupping is effective in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation,and it is worth clinical application and popularization value.

Introduction: Acupuncturein Context. History and TCM. Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology. Applied Physiology. Methods of Acupuncture. Trigger Point Acupuncture. Segmental Acupuncture. Periosteal Acupuncture. Neuropathic Pain. Acupuncture for Rheumatological Problems. Acupuncture in a Pain Clinic. Acupuncture Through the Systems. Electroacupuncture and Acupuncture Analgesia/ Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Laser Therapy. Acupuncture for the Withdrawal of Habituating Substances. Acupuncture for Nausea and Vomiting. Side Effects and Complications. Acupuncture in Clinical Research Methodology. The Future


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represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

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For example, '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about:', 'Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell senescence: cause or consequence?']' should have a representation like '['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The mitochondrial theory of aging remains to date one of the most popular theories of aging. One major model of aging is replicative senescence, where the irreversible loss of division potential of somatic cells occurs after a more or less constant number of cell divisions. Few data are available concerning the role of mitochondria in this model. Here, we review evidence supporting the involvement of mitochondria in replicative senescence and a possible link to telomere biology. Moreover, we suggest that this process might be more complex than originally formulated, because variations in nuclear gene expression involved in mitochondrion nucleus cross-talk are observed in both senescence and immortalization.']' but very far from '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper!', 'Introduction ::: The antioxidant Taurine found to display antineoplastic effect through down regulation of angiogenesis and enhancement of tumor cell apoptosis. It has been found that progressive inhibition of apoptosis and induction of angiogenesis may contribute to tumor initiation, growth and metastasis in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.']'.

Question: Sum of Ratios of Products for alpha - µ Random Variables in Wireless Multihop Relaying and Multiple Scattering

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The sum of ratios of products of independent α-μ random variables (RVs) is approximated by using the Generalized Gamma ratio approximation (GGRA) with Gamma ratio approximation (GRA) as a special case. The proposed approximation is used to calculate the outage probability of the equal gain combining (EGC) or maximum ratio combining (MRC) receivers for wireless multihop relaying or multiple scattering systems considering interferences. Numerical results show that the newly derived approximation works very well verified by the simulation, while GRA has a slightly worse performance than GGRA when outage probability is below 0.1 but with a more simplified form.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Designing a C/M Scheme: The Gaussian Channel Perspective Wireless Channel: A New Perspective Flat Independent Fading Channel Block-Fading Channel Interference-Limited Channel Conclusions This chapter contains sections titled: References


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Question: Position-sensitive detector of thermal neutron based on the micro-channel plate

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Reviews the position-sensitive thermal neutron detector (PDS). The latter being based in gas-discharge counters or on scintillators doesn't achieve high efficiency, and good positional and temporal resolution at the same time. PSD using micro-channel plates and foil converter possesses good positional (dX >

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The test beam performance of a low-pressure micro-strip gas chamber with a thick CsI secondary-electron emitting surface as the source of primary ionization is presented. A study of the secondary-electron yield of Csl and KCI coated surfaces are discussed, as well as a promising new technique, CsI-treated CVD diamond films.


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Question: Ambulation-abduction treatment in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD).

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Ambulation-abduction treatment in LCPD was proven to be highly successful under conditions of careful selection and proper application. Biologic plasticity of the regenerating capital femoral epiphysis is responsive to the molding forces of a normal acetabulum when the epiphysis is properly centralized. Anatomic studies indicate that less than 50% of the articular surface of the femoral head is in contact with the acetabular surface at a given time, leading to points of high pressure on the contacting surfaces which may adversely affect anatomic recovery. Accordingly, recent trends have been toward ambulation-abduction with preserved motion in the hip joint. This article is a report of 2 recent series of patients treated by ambulation-abduction; one group was treated with a fixed device and the other with a mobile device. The results suggest superior anatomic restitution when some degree of hip motion is allowed in the orthosis.

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COMMENTARY ON: Song K-J, Choi B-W, Kim G-H, Song J-H. Usefulness of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage with plate augmentation for anterior arthrodesis in traumatic cervical spine injury. Spine J 2010;10:50–57 ( in this issue ).


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Question: A scalable molecular-dynamics algorithm suite for materials simulations: design-space diagram on 1024 Cray T3E processors

Abstract A suite of scalable molecular-dynamics (MD) algorithms has been developed for materials simulations. The linear scaling MD algorithms encompass a wide spectrum of physical reality: (i) classical MD based on a many-body interatomic potential model; (ii) environment-dependent, variable-charge MD; (iii) quantum mechanical MD based on the tight-binding method; and (iv) self-consistent quantum MD based on the density functional theory. Benchmark tests on 1024 Cray T3E processors including 1.02-billion-atom many-body and 22 500-atom density functional MD simulations demonstrate that these algorithms are highly scalable. A design-space diagram spanning seven decades of system size and computational time is constructed for materials scientists to design an optimal MD simulation incorporating maximal physical realism within a given computational budget.

A block base sparse approximate inverse preconditioner for the electric field integral equations is documented and tested. It utilized the Kokkos library for performance portability and shows superior performance when compared to a direct method, 36x faster for a 112K DOF problem. Furthermore, due to the abstractions available in the Kokkos library it allows one to migrate from CPU to GPU in a trivial way.


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Question: Anisotropic structure affects thickness measurement of laser cladding coating with surface ultrasonic wave based on cross-correlation function

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AbstractThickness evaluation of laser cladding coating with surface ultrasonic wave method was introduced in this research. Two surface ultrasonic wave transducers with 5 MHz frequency, distance between which was constant, were employed as signal emitter and receiver. Based on cross-correlation theory, the difference in time of flight between surface ultrasonic signals corresponding to different coating thickness was calculated. The relationship between the difference in time of flight and coating thickness is obtained. The results show that coating thickness evaluation is affected by microstructure of laser cladding coating, and accuracy of coating thickness evaluation increases as step length increases until it attains one cycle. In addition, influence of waveform distortion caused by microstructure of laser cladding coating on coating thickness evaluation is discussed. At last, verification test is carried out and the error is in the allowance range.

This study suggests a simple, convenient and non-destructive method for investigation of the Young's modulus detection in stepped shafts which only utilizes the first-order resonant frequency in flexural mode and dimensions of structures. The method is based on the impulse excitation technique (IET)...


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represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

The provided query could be '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Mitotically active cellular fibroma of the ovary: a case report and a review of the literature.']' and the positive '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', 'Mitotically active cellular fibroma (MACF) is characterized by increased cellularity, mitotic activity, and less frequently, nuclear atypia, which comprises 10% of ovarian fibromatous tumors. The authors report the case of a 76-year-old woman who presented at the present hospital with a two-month pelvic mass. B ultrasound disclosed a 75 x 52 x 41 mm mass in the right accessories. A hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a densely cellular proliferation of fibrolastic-like cells with bland nuclear features and arranged in a fascicular pattern. There were more than four mitotic figures per ten high-power fields (HPFs). The histological diagnosis for the mass of the right ovary was MACF. MACF should be distinguished from ovarian fibrosarcoma. MACF is a recent histopathologic entity. Despite the high count of mitotic figures, the clinical course of the tumor is typically uneventful. Long-term clinical follow-up is recommended.']' and the negative '['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', ': We report a rare case of primary osteosarcoma of the breast in a postmenopausal patient without any association to either trauma or an underlying tumor. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic illustrations as well as a review of the literature are presented.']'

Question: In Vitro Selection of Cathepsin E-Activity-Enhancing Peptide Aptamers at Neutral pH

The aspartic protease cathepsin E has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells under physiological conditions. Therefore, cathepsin E-activity-enhancing peptides functioning in the physiological pH range are valuable potential cancer therapeutic candidates. Here, we have used a general in vitro selection method (evolutionary rapid panning analysis system (eRAPANSY)), based on inverse substrate-function link (SF-link) selection to successfully identify cathepsin E-activity-enhancing peptide aptamers at neutral pH. A successive enrichment of peptide activators was attained in the course of selection. One such peptide activated cathepsin E up to 260%, had a high affinity (K(D); ∼300 nM), and had physiological activity as demonstrated by its apoptosis-inducing reaction in cancerous cells. This method is expected to be widely applicable for the identification of protease-activity-enhancing peptide aptamers.

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Demonstration of the Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Substance P (NK 1 ) Receptor Antagonist in Major Depression


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Question: Magnetoplastic effects in crystals in the context of spin-dependent chemical kinetics

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Possible mechanisms of a number of magnetoplastic effects in magnetically disordered crystals are analyzed in the context of the chemical kinetics of reactions occurring in a system of structural defects upon plastic deformation. Particular attention is given to spin-dependent reactions between real-structure elements containing paramagnetic centers (dislocation cores, impurity centers, electronic excitations, and so on). It is shown that reactions of several types may occur between these elements, and, in some cases, the relative deformation rate can be related to the rate constants of intracrystalline spin-dependent reactions.

Scanning probe techniques reveal an intricate interplay between the formation of structural domains in strontium titanate and electronic transport effects at oxide interfaces.


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Question: The Empirical Deduction of Pure Aesthetic Judgments:Kant's Theory of Art and Genius

Art is generally divided into common art and art of beauty.There is a difference between art and artificial nature,and art is also different from science and craft.The truly art should be "art of beauty",which is the most fundamental and pivotal difference that separates art from other activities.Kant divides art into the mechanic and the aesthetic(perceptual),and the latter is sub-divided into art of pleasure and art of beauty.The art of beauty gives people pleasure,a sense which does not belong to personal enjoyment,but is common and conveyable.The art of beauty is the art of genius,which is characterized by originality,exemplariness,unconsciousness and irregularity.These four features precisely reflect the four aspects of genius,namely,the quality,the quantity,the relation and the modality.

Contents: Readers, Realities, and Narrative Structure - Reading as Reaffirmation: Auerbach and Freytag - Social Convention and Narrative Refraction: Fontane - Narration as Disorientation: Raabe.


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Question: A note on warped string compactification

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Abstract We give a short review of a large class of warped string geometries, obtained via F-theory compactified on Calabi–Yau fourfolds, that upon reduction to 5 dimensions give consistent supersymmetric realizations of the RS compactification scenario.

We give a very short proof of uniqueness of solutions of equations regarding observation congruence, the main notion of equality, over Milner's process calculus.


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Question: Development of high quality, direction controlled ADP single crystals and the effect of impurities on their growth

Good quality direction controlled ADP single crystals has been grown. Effects of various dopants and additives on the solubility, growth rate, structural, optical, mechanical, dielectric properties, crystalline perfection and second harmonic generation efficiency of the crystals have been investigated. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction study shows that the crystalline perfection of the doped crystal is good. The relative SHG efficiency measurements revealed that the dopant has enhanced the efficiency.

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Abstract Acoustic generation using class 6mm crystals is discussed before describing a method of depositing thin single crystal piezo-electric transducers of ZnO for converting microwave electromagnetic energy to phonon energy. The effects of varying substrate temperature and vapour pressure on the crystal structure, physical characteristics and electromechanical coupling factor are discussed.


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Question: Thin films nanoorganises a basic polysaccharide copolymers have blocks for nanotechnology applications.

A material (M) includes a substrate one of the surfaces of which is covered with a layer based on a block copolymer having a block (B) consisting of a polysaccharide and to its uses for electronics, in order to prepare organic electroluminescent diodes (OLEDs) or organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) or for designing detection devices (nanobiosensors, biochips).

The paper introduced several technical routes for the production of potasium feitilizer and extraction of potasium prom alcohol waste liquids of molasses.


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Question: Pedestrian detection based on background modeling and head-shoulder recognition

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Pedestrian detection is of much importance for its practical applications. This paper develops a novel pedestrian detection system which consists of three stages: motion region detection based on background modeling, feature extraction in the guidance of prior information, and map-based classification applying support vector machine (SVM) and Adaboost. First of all, an adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model is proposed to reduce the search for human targets in the background region. Secondly, the paper extracts a variant of HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) and Haar-like feature to describe pedestrians, according to the prior information of human's relatively stable head-shoulder structure in various views. Thirdly, for the best performance of feature descriptors, this paper applies the combination of SVM (Support Vector Machine) and Adaboost, separately for HOG and Haar-like feature, as the final classifier. Experiment results validate the effectiveness of our method.

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Motion analysis is based on the extraction of the human target. The purpose of motion target detection is extract the human target for the background from a video sequence, requiring extract the complete human outline and reflect the morphological characteristics of the human target. Effective extraction of motion targets is very important for the next steps of action recognition. Here are several motion object detection methods: background subtraction method, temporal difference method, optical flow method.


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Question: Filtering of Linear Systems With Unknown Inputs

State estimation of linear systems under the influence of both unknown deterministic inputs as well as Gaussian noise is considered. A Kalman like filter is developed which does not require the estimation of the unknown inputs as is customarily practiced. Therefore, the developed filter has reduced computational requirements. Comparative simulation results, under the influence of various types of unknown disturbance inputs, show the merits of the developed filter with respect to a conventional Kalman filter using disturbance estimation. it is found that the developed filter enjoys several practical advantages in terms of accuracy and fast tracking of the system states.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: A comparison of transpositional neurovascular skin flaps for reconstruction of diabetic heel ulcerations.

The diabetic heel ulcer is a common, yet difficult, entity to manage. Conservative and surgical treatments are frequently unsuccessful. Transpositional neurovascular skin flaps offer a relatively new and effective method for reconstruction of this defect. The medial plantar, dorsalis pedis, and lateral calcaneal flaps are discussed and compared for use in the diabetic patient with heel ulceration.

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A 69-year-old woman with a history of mastectomy and radiotherapy for breast carcinoma demonstrated extensive anterior thoracic wall radionecrosis 22 years later. The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was chosen to repair two distant ulcerative defects. Chest wall coverage was performed by dividing the muscle into two separate musculocutaneous flaps. Results were particularly promising 6 months after surgery.


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Question: Method and apparatus for carrying out the measurement of platelet

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The present invention, platelets in the blood sample erythrocytes, a blood measurement system for identifying and debris and other particles. This measurement system, using optical trigger, collecting data at the position relative optical sensor with respect to the optical axis of the laser beam irradiating the flow cell. Axial sensor measures the axial light loss caused by the particles in the irradiation opening of the flow cell. Furthermore, the measurement system may include an RF unit for generating electrical parameters into the flow cell, for example a DC and RF parameters. Blood samples can be prepared without the use or use sphering agent.

We solve the direct problem of mathematical modelling as it applies to the shaping part of autocompensation systems implementing the principles of combined control of radio-signal amplitude.


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Question: Optimization of MBR hydrodynamics for cake layer fouling control through CFD simulation and RSM design.

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Membrane fouling is an important issue for membrane bioreactor (MBR) operation. This paper aims at the investigation and the controlling of reversible membrane fouling due to cake layer formation and foulants deposition by optimizing MBR hydrodynamics through the combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and design of experiment (DOE). The model was validated by comparing simulations with measurements of liquid velocity and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a lab-scale submerged MBR. The results demonstrated that the sludge concentration is the most influencing for responses including shear stress, particle deposition propensity (PDP), sludge viscosity and strain rate. A medium sludge concentration of 8820mgL-1 is optimal for the reduction of reversible fouling in this submerged MBR. The bubble diameter is more decisive than air flowrate for membrane shear stress due to its role in sludge viscosity. The optimal bubble diameter was at around 4.8mm for both of shear stress and PDP.

The membrane bioreactor, with an increase of biomass concentration in the aeration tank, permit work with low F/M ratio and a reduction in sludge production. The membrane bioreactor potentialities have been tested on a laboratory pilot for domestic wastewater treatment. Various operating conditions (HRT, SRT) were applied to investigate organic and nitrogen removal as well as sludge production. Two modeling approaches were tested (maintenance phenomena, single sludge simulation process) with unsuccessfull predictions. Futher investigations are needed to better understand biological kinetics and phenomena in membrane bioreactor and to obtain higher flux on membrane processes.


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Question: Photoelectrolysis of H2S using an n-CdSe photoanode

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Fewshot example: "['represent the next text:', 'The valence-band photoemission spectra of Ce, Pr and Nd systems are compared and it is found that they can consistently be explained by assuming that the 4f photoemission leads to one final state screened by a conduction electron and another one screened by the same process and an additional 5d to 4f conversion.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Screening in the valence-band photoemission spectra of light rare earths']"

Abstract A photoelectrochemical cell which makes use of chemically deposited thin CdSe film as photoanode and Pt as cathode has been fabricated to photoelectrolyze H 2 S to produce hydrogen. The cell converts light to stored chemical energy at 1.5% conversion efficiency and can also be used to convert light to stored chemical energy and electricity simultaneously. Under the conditions of co-withdrawal the maximum conversion efficiency is 2.85%. The cell showed 97% current conversion efficiency to hydrogen. If the hydrogen produced in the photoelectrochemical cell is used in a H 2 /air fuel cell for electricity generation, practical efficiency of 10.6% can be achieved. The cell has shown good stability for a time period of more than two weeks.

Stable photocurrents were obtained for p-CuO photoelectrochemical cells in the presence of F2+/Fe3+ redox couple. Easy fabrication method of nano p-CuO films on copper sheets was presented. band gap estimated was ≍ 1.38eV. XRD data revealed that the films produced on copper was entirely CuO. Onset of the photoelectrochemical cell with p-CuO was +0.1V vs AgCl/Ag.


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Question: Lagrangian Formulation and Geometric Control of Switching LC Electrical Networks

Using Lagrangian formalism, switching electrical networks can be modeled as systems varying on Lie groups which evolve according to a finite number of vector fields. In particular, under appropriate assumptions, LC circuits can be modeled as systems on SO(n). The first goal of this report is to formalize the modeling of LC circuits as systems on SO(n) and give precise assumptions under which this is valid. In particular we give assumptions on the graph representing the network. Then, as an example of this formalism, we study controllability and give control algorithms for classes of switching electrical networks. The main ingredients in this analysis are controllability conditions from geometric control and techniques of Lie groups decompositions.

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Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: Fabric Color Difference Identification Based on Fuzzy Membership Criterion

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It is difficult that the detection of printing fabric, because the more complex color and pictorial. This article opted for the fabric color difference detection problem. This article is on the basis of analyzing of the fuzzy color, the fuzzy method can be used to describe it, proposed based on fuzzy membership function method size of the fabric color identification methods, and gave the L * a * b * color in the color model identification steps. Through simulation results show that the method proposed by the color of the fabric printing identification is feasible and effective manner.

1. Spatially Mobilized Plane (SMP) and SMP Criterion 2. Introduction to Cam-Clay Model 3. The Cam-Clay Model Revised by the SMP Criterion 4. Elastoplastic Constitutive Models for Geomaterials using Transformed Stress 5. Concluding Remarks


Question: Structural style of continental rifting in Ethiopia: Reverse decollements

Quickening crustal extension since the Late Miocene in the Ethiopian rift is a response to forcible jacking apart at a progressively weakening lithospheric suture, rather than a passive reaction to regional stress in the African plate. Rates have increased from less than 1 mm/yr to integrated Holocene values that locally reach 4 mm/yr at the axis of the rift floor. Middle Miocene-Early Pleistocene faulting of the rift margins is now largely substituted for by intense faulting and Assuring along the rift floor axis, concurrent with increased strain in the lower crust and lithospheric mantle. Unlike the detachment models advocated for the Basin and Range Province, the North Sea, and now the Kenyan rift, the new hypothesis advanced here envisions Ethiopian and Kenyan rifting to be a response to diapiric injection of anomalously hot and mobile asthenosphere that has most recently breached the upper crust.

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We present balanced and restored cross-sections across the Western Cuba fold and thrust belt,based on MCS profiles, field data and balancing techniques. The cross-section intersects the Los PalaciosBasin, the Sierra del Rosario antiformal stack, the Bahia Honda unit, the frontal imbricated thrustsheets, the foredeep basin and a buried, geometrically inferred duplex. The minimum calculated shorteningis 130 km. Syntectonic deposits and a forward kinematic model provide a good constraint for theCenozoic tectonic evolution of the orogen, from the emplacement of the Bahia Honda unit to the finalinfill of the foredeep.


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Question: A modified probability distribution of ejection state of sand grains in equilibrium aeolian sand transport

Equilibrium sand transport is simulated by stochastic Lagrange particle tracking method combined with probability distribution of initial ejection state of sand grains. Comparing the simulated vertical profile of horizontal sand mass flux and the experimental profiles, a modified exponential distribution is suggested to describe ejection speed and angle of sand grains in equilibrium sand transport. This modified exponential distribution is proved to be reasonable in slow wind velocity.

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This paper proposes a new method of using a plane wall jet destroying density current. Through flume experiments, a detailed study is made on the phenomenon of plane wall jet destroying density current and the effects of sediment trapping and sluicing sand. And the expression of jet flow velocity is derived which requires the wall jet to destroy density current under different water sand conditions.


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Question: Wavelet thresholding and adaptation

This chapter treats in more detail the adaptivity property of nonlinear (thresholded) wavelet estimates. We first introduce different modifications and generalizations of soft and hard thresholding. Then we develop the notion of adaptive estimators and present the results about adaptivity of wavelet thresholding for density estimation problems. Finally, we consider the data-driven methods of selecting the wavelet basis, the threshold value and the initial resolution level, based on Stein’s principle. We finish by a discussion of oracle inequalities and miscellaneous related topics.

The paper proposes two complementary methods for change analysis and feature extraction: A time evolution analysis of satellite images and using the correlation coefficient together with conditional information.


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Question: The Method of Increasing Reliability of RS-485 Interface

This paper introduces the practical application of the standard interface of RS - 485, in which such questions as the reliability design of its hardware, network disposition, invalidation protection, photoelectricity insulation , and the power and grounding of the interface circuit must be paid attention to.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: Inhibitory Activity of the Extracts of Macleaya cordata,Reynoutria japonica and Scutellaria baicalensis on Plant Pathogens

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Crude extracts of Macleaya cordata,Reynoutria japonica and Scutellaria baicalensis were studied for their inhibitory activity against three plant bacterial pathogens and six plant fungal pathogens.All the plant extracts showed strong activity on plant pathogens.Among them,R.japonica extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity on Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Xanthomonas vesicatoria.The extract from M.cordata showed the strongest inhibitory activity on the test fungi with a median effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.04-0.76 mg/mL.

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Abstract The following fungi are recorded in New Zealand for the first time: Elsinoe parthenocissi Jenkins and Bitancourt on Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb, and Zucc.) Planch (Virginia creeper), Venturia circinans (Fr.) Sacc. on Geranium molle L. (crane’s-bill); V. enteleae n. sp. on Entelea arborescens R. Br.; Griphosphaeria corticola (Fckl.) Hoehnel on Rosa sp., on Rosa rubiginosa L. (sweet briar), on R. idaeus L. (raspberry); Cryptosporella viticola Shear on Vitis vinifera L. (grape); Sclerotinia minor Jagger on Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce), and on Lotus sp., on Plantago lanceolata L., on Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, (tomato); Pyrenchaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorenz, Walker, and Larsen on Allium cepa L. (onion); Colletotrichium trifolii Bain and Essary on Medicago sativa L. (lucerne); Botrytis byssoidea J. C. Walker on onion; Cercospora althaeina Sacc. on Modiola caroliniana D. Don.; C. eupatorii Peck on Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng; C. haloragi n. sp. on Haloragis erecta (Banks ex Murr.) Eichl.; C....


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Question: Coherent Decomposition of Fully Polarimetric Radar Data

This paper presents a coherent decomposition scheme for a few scattering matrix data. A simple model-fitting decomposition method is applied to retrieve scattering mechanism or identify scatterers based on the coherency matrix. The decomposition results are compared with some experimental data obtained by fully polarimetric FM-CW radar. It is shown the scattering mechanisms are well recovered and the orientation angles of wire scatterer are precisely measured.

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This report contains sections describing: Monte Carlo Calculation of Chemical Potential of a Stockmayer Fluid, Fractional Brownian Diffusion in Molecularly Thin Films, On Spectral Measure and Monte Carlo Approaches to Flow in Heterogeneous Media, Shear Melting of Molecularly-Thin Confined Films, Nonlocal Diffusion and Strain-Induced Liquification at Particulate Media, Hierarchical Problems: Some conceptual Difficulties in the Development of Transport Equations, Application of Multiple-Angle-of-Incidence Ellipsometry to the Study of Thin Films Adsorbed on Surfaces, On Adsorption and Diffusion at Rough Surfaces: A Comparison of Statistical Mechanic, Molecular Dynamics and Kinetic Theory, Fluids in Micropores: Self-Diffusion in a Slit-Pore with Hard Rough Walls, and Nonlocal Transport Theories for Media with Microstructure.


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Question: A fuzzy adaptive PID controller for longitudinal attitude control of a small UAV

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A fuzzy adaptive PID controller was developed for longitudinal attitude control of a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).The proposed controller effectively implements longitudinal attitude and trajectory tracking control.Simulation results showed that the proposed fuzzy logic controller provides quicker response,smaller overshoot,higher precision,better robustness,and better adaptive ability than traditional PID controllers.It better satisfies the needs of autonomous flight.

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A backstepping nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control with the extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the uncertain factors of nonlinear spinning missile. Based on Lyapunov stability...


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Question: Digital Terrain Models Derived from Airborne LiDAR Data

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Abstract: This chapter focuses on the automatic generation of Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) on the basis of the three-dimensional (3D) point clouds generated by airborne topographic LiDAR sensors. A DTM is a mathematical representation (model) of the ground surface, most often in the form of a regular grid, in which a unique elevation value is assigned to each pixel. Thus, objects, including permanent off-ground components such as vegetation and buildings, can be detected. When the latter are included, reference is made to the digital surface model (DSM), used to analyze the ground surface visible from the sky (i.e. the surface which can be obtained natively in standard optical imagery).

Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.


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Question: e-Health Complexity and Actor–Network Theory

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e-health constitutes the use of digitally enabled technologies to facilitate the exchange of clinical, administrative, and transactional healthcare data ubiquitously and has the potential to offer enormous value to all actors operating in healthcare. Delivering healthcare benefits by way of e-health solutions, however, remains an elusive goal for e-health entrepreneurs. The inherent complexity of modern healthcare settings has much to answer for this. In attempts to improve current understanding, this chapter argues how e-health research can be enhanced using actor–network theory (ANT) as an appropriate and powerful tool that can enable researchers to “follow the actors” and, in the process, tackle the underlying complexities of modern healthcare environments.

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AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionThe Information Sharing to Make Use of an ICT SystemThe Evaluation Function of the ICT SystemThe Value Propagation Chain Caused by the ICT SystemActive Use of the Evaluation Function in KPMAn Example of Visualizing the Effect of Risk Distribution on InvestmentSample calculationDiscussionConclusionReferences


Question: Cosmetic composition containing extracts of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara, Angelica tenuissima and crude drugs

The present invention is a cosmetic composition exhibiting excellent antioxidant effect and skin moisturizing effect by including a mixture of the herbal extracts, such as the processing by utilizing the shot processing technology Posay wheat its samgwa the bed of wheat extract and the herbal medicine in jigolpi and mokdanpi as an active ingredient It relates. Posay, milja, Blackening, gobon, jigolpi, mokdanpi, antioxidants, moisturizing cosmetic

The invention provides a medicinal composition for treating rheumatic diseases which is prepared from Chinese medicinal herbs including astragalus root, Chinese angelica root, eucommia bark, Ligusticum wallichii, notopterygium root, pubescent angelica root, ledebouriella root, homalomena rhizoma, achyranthes root, safflower, spatholobus stem, orienavine, Chinese flowering quince, atractylodes rhizome, earthworm, poria cocos wolf through the steps of white spirit immersion and boiling.


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Question: Multi-tenant Hybrid Slicing with Cross-layer Heterogeneous Resource Coordination in 5G Transport Network

We proposed a multi-tenant slicing scheme with multi-domain, multi-layer and multivendor (M3) features. The experimental demonstration shows the slicing created and modified around in 353ms and 150ms, with the hybrid resource isolation has offered.

Part 1: Application Mapping and Communication Infrastructure: Virtualization in NOCs--Enhanced MPSOC Robustness and Performance Verification.-HW Support to Exploit Parallelism in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Multicore System-on-Chip.-PALLAS: Mapping Applications onto Manycore.-Part 2: Reconfigurable Hardware in Multiprocessor Systems: Adaptive Multiprocessor System on Chip Architecture.-Designing FPGA Systems with Many Processors.-Part 3: Physical Design of Multiprocessor Systems: Design tools and methods for chip physical design.-Challenges in Physical Design for Multi- and Manycore Hardware Architectures.


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Question: Low‐frequency Raman‐active modes and temperature dependences in oligo‐oxyethylene

Raman spectra have been recorded for monodisperse and polydisperse samples of oligooxyethylene at several temperatures in the range 310–77 K. Four scattering peaks are found with frequency dependent on temperature. One at 92–80 cm−1 is unaffected by changes in chain length and is assigned to a lattice mode. The others are chain-length dependent and are assigned either to the longitudinal acoustical modes (LAM-1 and LAM-3)or, less certainly, to a transverse acoustical mode.

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Near-monodisperse, submicrometer-sized, colloidally stable polyacid particles containing phosphate groups were synthesized by free radical dispersion polymerization of acid phosphoxy polyoxyethylen...


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Question: Epidemiological perspective of breastfeeding and acute respiratory illnesses in infants.

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Pneumonia is now the leading cause of infant deaths in many parts of the world. There is an urgent need to develop strategies to reduce serious morbidity and mortality resulting from acute respiratory infections. Protection afforded by breastfeeding against diarrheal diseases and death in infants in developing countries is accepted1,2. Protection against acute lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) is less convincing. Epidemiologic studies of the relationship of breastfeeding to LRI have had varying results. The purpose of this report is to explore the bases for the varying conclusions of these studies, and to develop hypotheses for enhancing the protective effects.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE ::: The objective of this systematic review is to identify the association between multiple exposure to general anesthesia and the development of specific learning disorder in pediatric patients aged two years and younger.


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Question: An exerimental study of the flow in a sharp-heel draft tube

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The goal of the Turbine 99 Draft Tube experiments is to provide extensive experimental data on a well-defined sharp-heel draft-tube flow. The data bank has served as calibration data for the simula ...

A full multigrid procedure is incorporated in a finite volume solution for predicting fully developed fluid flow in a streamwise periodic geometry.


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Question: Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a progressive, genetically determined fibro-fatty infiltrative myocardial disease with an estimated prevalence in the general population to be 1:5,000 to 1:10,000. ARVD leads to electrical instability that may predispose to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. We reviewed the pathological substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, ECG findings and treatment modalities in ARVD. Importantly, novel techniques such as electroanatomic and voltage mapping has greatly improved the identification of the scared substrate in the settings of ARVD and have improved safety and efficacy of VT ablation procedures associated with this entity.

The American Heart Association(AHA)proposed a new definition and classification of cardiomyopathies.The new definition involved not only myocardial mechanical dysfunction,but also cardiac primary electrical disease(ion channelopathies).Cardiomyopathies were divided into two major groups based on the situation of predominant organ involved.Primary cardiomyopathies were those solely or predominantly confined to myocardium and relatively few in number.Secondary cardiomyopathies showed pathological myocardial involvement as part of a large number and variety of generalized systemic(multi-organ)disorders.Primary cardiomyopathies were further divided into three groups:genetic,mixed(genetic and nongenetic)and acquired.The mixed cardiomyopathies included dilated cardiomyopathy and primary restrictive cardiomyopathy.The acquired cardiomyopathies included myocarditis and stress cardiomyopathy(Tako-Tsubo syndrome)and so on.


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Question: Improvement of partial interference cancellation receiver using variance from matched filter for weight factor assignment and adaptation in multirate CDMA cellular mobile communication systems

The objective of this article is to propose a new method to adapt the weight factor applying for partial interference cancellation in multirate CDMA cellular mobile communication systems. The proposed scheme in weight factor decision utilizing matched filter output variance from the previous stage is compared with groupwise weighted PIC (GW-PIC) and standard PIC (SPIC). The simulation results show that performance of the proposed method is better than that of the GW-PIC and the SPIC.

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Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Report of the results of treatment in 1380 cases with trigeminal neuralgia and 14 cases with glosso-vago-pharyngeal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia was treated by percutaneous thermorhizotomy in 960 cases and by open micro-approach to the cerebellopontine angle in 420 cases. In cases treated by microsurgical vascular decompression, cure rate was 91%, partial relief 5%, failure 4%. Recurrence occurred in 6%. Glossopharyngial neuralgia was treated by percutaneous thermocoagulation of the Andersch ganglion in 3 cases and by a direct approach to the jugular foramen in 11 cases, in 9 of them with micro-vascular decompression. With microsurgical vascular decompression, all cases had total pain relief without recurrence.']" Match: "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Microsurgical vascular decompression (MVD) in trigeminal and glosso-vago-pharyngeal neuralgias. A twenty year experience.']"

In this paper, applications of MFSK and GMSK modulations in short wave frequency-hopping spread-spectrum communication system are discussed, and the performance is simulated. For MFSK, the performance of selective frequency diversity and coding for FH/MFSK system with Rayleigh fading channels and partial band jamming is researched. For GMSK, combined with Viterbi algorithm noncoherent modulation, the performance of frequency-hopping system is simulated. Finally, the performances of the two modulations are compared.


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Question: ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon.

The technique of quadrupled semitendinosus autograft for ACL reconstruction using the EndoButton for femoral fixation has been described. Dr. Rosenberg, this article's senior author, has used this for over 10 years with no known instance of fixation failure at the femur or tibia. This technique using QST reconstruction has little morbidity, low reoperation rate, and excellent clinical results.

Subscapularis contracture is a significant challenge facing the shoulder arthroplasty surgeon. Debate continues as to the best technique to restore external rotation in the setting of the osteoarthritic shoulder undergoing arthroplasty. The authors' rationale for subscapularis release as favored over lengthening is presented. A discussion of the technique for anatomic reattachment of the tendon with a lesser tuberosity osteotomy is included as well.


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Question: Monte-Carlo modeling of isotopic kinetics

An algorithm for direct Monte Carlo modeling of the isotopic kinetic is described. The nuclear reactions, including those that change the isotopic composition (n, α), (n, 2n), and others, are recorded for each neutron or group of neutrons when performing a Monte Carlo calculation of neutron transport. At the same time as the neutron transport calculations, the change of the concentration of the nuclides and the irradiation time are calculated on the basis of the number of recorded interactions and energy released. The computational results presented show that it is in principle possible to apply this approach to isotopic kinetic problems.

The reaction that takes place under irradiation can be distinguished from that that takes place after irradiation during reheating from the irradiation temperature up to the fusion temperature by the calorimetric study of the radiopolymerization of solid acrylonitrile. (tr-auth)


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Question: Short Messages Receiving-sending System Based on AT89S52 and GSM Technology

This paper introduces a system which is based on the monolithic integrated circuit and the GMS module and used for receiving and sending short messages.Through the serial port correspondence,this system makes it possible for data transferring between monolithic integrated circuit and the GMS module.Simultaneously it completes the procedure development of PC host computer,which is based on VB language,so that,in the environment of PC host computer,many other kinds of functions such as compilation,reading,transmission,deletion of short messages are realized.This system has the strong points of low cost,small power consumption and convenient operation.It has high value in use and project guiding.

Debugging Of Large-scaled Data Processing Systems Like Supercomputers Is Becoming More Difficult. One Of The Causes Of The Trouble Is A Long Time For Reproducing VlSI's To Change Logic Design. An Automated On-chip Direct Wiring Modification System, Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) And Laser CVD, Was Developed. It Reduced The Logic Change Period To One Day. The Debugging Time Of The Newest Mainframe Computer M880 Was Shortened By A Few Months.


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Question: Studies on the accumulation of cadmium by a strain of Proteus mirabilis

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A bacterium isolated from a wastewater plant sludge, identified as Proteus mirabilis, was tested for cadmium tolerance and accumulation capacity. The organism was able to grow in the presence of Cd2+ up to 300 mg l−1. ::: ::: Accumulation of cadmium is reported for growing and non-growing cells of the organism. In non-growing cultures a 70% removal of cadmium was observed when the initial concentration of Cd2+ was 1 mg l−1 whereas at the same concentration the removal by growing cells was only 22%. The metal was shown to be associated with the cell envelope (80%) and accumulated in the cytoplasm (20%).

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ABSTRACTSecretion of a novel bacteriocin-like substance from Enterococcus durum M-3 is described for the first time. The bacteriocin was named duracin. The growth characteristics of the producer strain, as well as the type of production and the primary characteristic of the peptide are investigated. It was found that the molecule has a very low molecular weight, its secretion is growth-phase dependent and it shows activities against other enterococci, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii B2 but not against E. coli.


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Question: Experiences in FRG in Aerospace Application

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Although carbonfibres are wellknown technical products since T. A. Edison, it took them a long while to become a candidate for structural application. In the time before CFC glassfibre components had demonstrated quite a lot of favourable properties, but there was no braod application in aerospace due to the limitations in stiffness.

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Radio Chinese - Calm Radio Feng Shui - OnLine the Internet Translation from Canada Markem - №70


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Question: Regulation of the charge of components in circulation mixers

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It is noted that zones of increased concentrations of components tending to segregation are formed within the vessel when multi-component mixtures of granular materials are prepared. Well-regulated charging of components of the mixture into a circulation mixer is the most rational means of solving this problem. A design of mixers, in which various alternate schemes for the charging of key components into the mixer are technically feasible in practice, is patented. Results of numerical experiments indicated that variation in the charging rate of key components will make it possible to improve the quality of the finished product by 30–40%. A similar method of optimizing the conditions under which the process proceeds can also be used for other types of circulation mixers.

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Summary form only given . Switching fields and mechanisms of particles with various shapes were examined by using computer simulation.


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Question: An examination of flexible spending accounts.

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Abstract This paper develops a framework for analyzing flexible spending account (FSA) participation and usage. We explore patterns of FSA usage using data from a benefits firm for 1996 including an examination of types of FSA expenditures and their timing. We estimate some simple econometric models of the participation decision and also the decision of how much to put into an FSA. Several pieces of evidence suggest that much of an FSA election amount is based on foreknowledge of expenditures. We also find that participants tend to spend their election amount early, thus obtaining an interest-free loan.

This page shows resources for exploring different aspects of federal electoral campaigns and elections.


Question: Carrying Out Environment Protection Concept to Achieve Zero-excavation in Tunnel Portal Construction

Taking Xiaohe～Ankang section of Baotou～Maoming highway as project case,the authors expatriate on the design concepts and construction methods of "zero-excavation" of tunnel portal construction in different terrains and geological conditions so as to set up the new concept of harmonic development between the construction of the highway infrastructure facilities and the protection of the environment so that the ecological environment can be properly utilized and protected and the adverse impact of the construction activities,such as the tunnel portal slope cutting,on the natural ecology can be minimized.The paper can provide reference for the design and construction of highway tunnels in the future.

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Mining Non-ferrous Metals The Environmental Impact of Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon Revegetation of Metalliferous Wastes and Land After Metal Mining Vegetative Remediation at Superfund Sites Green Coal Mining Methane Emissions from Coal Mining Constructing Ecosystems and Detecting their Connectivity to the Larger Ecological Landscape The Discharge of Waters from Active and Abandoned Mines Environmental Best-practice in Metals Production. Subject Index.


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Question: Quantum electrical transport in samples of limited dimensions

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The ability to make electrically conducting structures of ever smaller size by nanofabrication techniques (the playground of mesoscopic physics) has brought with it entry into a wonderful new range of unexpected quantum phenomena. Interpretation of these phenomena requires full recognition of the wave nature of electrons and requires keeping track of the phase coherence of the electron wave functions and/or the discreteness of electron energy levels in samples of interest. Happily, many of the phenomena can be observed through the use of very straightforward experimental probes—commonly the dc electrical conductivity or conductance, and the Hall effect. The phenomena are observed in samples with one or more dimensions comparable to either the electron wavelength (up to 40 nm for carriers at the Fermi energy in some semiconductors) or the inelastic scattering length of the carriers (as large as many microns in some systems at low temperatures). Ohm’s law is no longer a firm guide to current–voltage relatio...

Using Sn-I-Sn-I-Sn-I-Sn triple tunnel junctions, some spatial inhomogeneous states in superconducting tin films were observed under strong phonon injection.


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Question: Traumatic neuralgias: complex regional pain syndromes (reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia): clinical characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms and therapy.

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Complex regional pain syndromes (CPRS) may develop as a disproportionate consequence of a trauma affecting the limbs without (CRPS I, reflex sympathetic dystrophy) or with (CRPS II, causalgia) obvious nerve lesions. The clinical picture of CRPS consists of asymmetrical distal extremity pain, swelling, and autonomic (sympathetic) and motor symptoms. Changes in the peripheral and central somatosensory, autonomic and motor processing, and a pathologic interaction of sympathetic and afferent systems are discussed as underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies include pharmacologic pain relief, sympatholytic interventions, and rehabilitation.

Posttraumatic smell and taste deficits are seldom appreciated as potential sources of Impairment and resultant functional disability. This article reviews information regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis of posttraumatic olfactory and gustatory deficits. Recent findings demonst


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Question: Whitney reduction networks for process discovery

The author presents an application of Whitney's embedding theorem to the data reduction problem, and introduces a new reduction technique motivated, in part, by a constructive proof of the theorem. In this setting, we introduce the notion of a "good projection". We show it is useful to optimize empirical projections with respect to their inverses, i.e., these should be well-conditioned. One possibility is computation of the singular vectors of the secants of the data. This may be improved upon by using an adaptive algorithm. A method for constructing the nonlinear inverse of the projection and a discussion of its properties are also presented. Finally, well-known methods of data reduction are compared with our approach within the context of Whitney's Theorem.

Under more conditions, we obtain a unique solution for volterra integral equation in abstract space


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Question: Technique for dynamic range reduction for Landsat ratio images

The LANDSAT ratio image, obtained by dividing one MSS band by another on a point-by-point basis, has become an established tool for geological applications over the past several years. Display of such images can be difficult since the dynamic range can extend from zero to infinity. A scheme for dynamic range reduction, based on a mathematical model of the multispectral image, is presented. It can be implemented on stand-alone digital image processing systems as well as general purpose computers. This technique also has potential application in machine classification of geological data. Digital image processing examples are presented in which this new scheme is compared with other commonly used techniques for dynamic range reduction.

Real time, passive mm wave and Terahertz imaging generally requires arrays of receivers in the system focal plane, resulting in high component count and cost. This papers gives an alternative approach based on image data fusion where low frame rate Terahertz imagery is combined with video frame rate optical data to give an apparently video rate Terahertz data stream.


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Question: Generation of Walking Motions for the Biped Ascending Slopes Based on Genetic Algorithm

This study aims to generate the optimal trajectories for the biped walking up sloping surfaces after ensuring the minimum energy consumption by using genetic algorithm (GA) and motion/force control scheme. During optimization, the step length, the maximum height of swing foot and walking speed were optimized with the seven-link biped model. The impactless bipedal walking was investigated for walking on the ground level and slopes with different gradients, respectively. The results showed that the biped consumed more energy when the optimal walking speed increased for walking on the same slopes. There were no great differences in optimal step length when the biped changed the walking speed. The results showed that the proposed approach is able to generate optimal gaits for the biped simply by changing boundary conditions with GA.

An Introduction to Evolutionary Computing, M. Russo and L.C. Jain Exploring the Design Space of Artificial Self-Replicating Structures, J.D. Lohn and J.A. Reggia Evolution of Concurrent Systems, B.J. Ross Evolutionary Approaches to the Learning of Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems, O.Cordon, M.J.del Jesus, and F. Herrera Some Experiments in the Evolution of Robot Sensors, K. Balakrishnan and V. Honavar Evolution of Neural Networks using a Two-Dimensional Approach, J.C.F. Pujol, and R. Poli Evolution of Neural Network Modules: Artificial Brain Project, H.de Garis, A. Buller, M. Korkin, F. Gers, N.E. Nawa, and M. Hough VLSI CAD and the Integration of Evolutionary Techniques, R Drechsler and N. Drechsler


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Question: Selection of Feeding Mode in Programming of Numerical Control Milling Based on Cimatron

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "Ned Lebow's new project is not so much a cultural theory of international relations as an affective praxis of modernity. Lebow seeks to elucidate the psychical drivers of intersubjective identity formation that dynamically constitute status hierarchies in societies. And through this understanding Lebow holds that present-day possibilities of structural transformations in international relations might be clearly guided by practical reason. In what follows I mount a sympathetic critique of Lebow's affective praxis based upon its effective circumscription of psychical life to elite European men. Lebow pays hardly any attention to the psychic drivers of colonisation and decolonisation as felt by the colonised. Using the work of Frantz Fanon, I shall suggest that shifting the focus to the colonial and post-colonial world brings to light a set of considerations on the psychic sources of affect in modernity that remain obfuscated when the European elite man is conflated as the modern subject."]" should be close to "['Represent the next text', "A Fanonian Critique of Lebow's A Cultural Theory of International Relations"]"

In this paper, five feeding models of automatic programming of Cimatron software in NC miller process are introduced. By using cases, this paper analyzes setting method and merits and drawbacks of two vertical knife input models and a spiral knife input model, and furthermore, gives their optimization schemes, respectively.

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Question: Preparation of ZnS nanotubes via surfactant micelle-template inducing reaction

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Semiconductor ZnS nanotubes, with outer diameters in the range of 37–52 nm and lengths up to 3 microns, have been successfully synthesized from solutions containing a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (t-octyl-(OCH2CH2) x OH, x = 9,10). The as-synthesized nanotubes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The growth mechanism of nanotubes has also been discussed.

Mesostructured alumina nanocomposites, with 10 nm pores after 500 °C calcination, have been synthesized by reverse-microemulsion route.


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Question: Soil and vegetation characteristics of some tree windthrow features in a South Westland rimu forest

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Abstract The effects of tree windthrow on soil properties and vegetation were studied in an area of rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) forest on a dissected glacial outwash surface in Saltwater State Forest, South Westland, New Zealand. Tree windthrow and the resulting formation of surface pits and mounds caused a redirection of pedogenesis, particularly on relatively better-drained low ridges; there, the normal development of a gleyed yellow-brown earth profile was altered towards organic soils in the pits and podzolised yellow-brown earths on the windthrow mounds. In poorly drained backswamps, organic soils also formed in the pits, while gleying processes predominated in both the windthrow mound soil and the adjacent unmodified soil. The sequence of vegetation development was different on windthrow pits compared with mounds. Mounds were rapidly colonised by ground-cover plants, especially ferns and tree ferns. These were subsequently replaced by broadleaved trees, particularly kamahi (Weinmannia racemosa). Pi...

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Two dominant central European tree species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst.), in a mixed culture in semi-open glass domes, were used to simulate the reaction of forests to long-term ...


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Question: Decompositions of Boolean functions and hypergraphs

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Boolean functions are closely reltated to hypergraphs. In fact, Ibaraki and Kameta (1993) sutudied relations between coteries (intersecting simple hypergraphs) and positive Boolean functions. In this paper, we shall show that the set of all simple hypergraphs is lattice-isomorphic to the set of all positive Boolean functions. A decompositions of a given function into a conjunction of self-dual functions were studied by Ibaraki, Kameta (1993) and Bioch, Ibaraki (1995). For a given dual-minor function, using a certain corresponding hypergraph, we shall give the general condition for the decomposition.

Some combinations of submatrices of circuit matrices are established as unimodular and associated with subgraphs. An interpretation of the inverse of a submatrix of a circuit matrix is established. Particular submatrices of circuit matrices are established as maximum rank and unimodular.


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Provided: ["represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about\nFewshots:\n'Validation of the Korean version of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™) generic core scales in school children and adolescents using the rasch model' == 'Background ::: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) is a child self-report and parent proxy-report instrument designed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in healthy and ill children and adolescents. It has been translated into over 70 international languages and proposed as a valid and reliable pediatric HRQOL measure. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Korean translation of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales.' != 'Objective ::: Homebound older adults are at high risk for depression and anxiety. Systematic screening may increase identification of these difficulties and facilitate service usage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory—18 (BSI-18) for use as a screening instrument for depression and anxiety with homebound older adults and to examine if the BSI-18 could be shortened further and exhibit comparable psychometric properties.'", 'Investigation of Wake Effects on the Energy Production of Small Wind Turbines'] Match: ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:', 'This paper examines the impact of natural and man-made obstructions on local wind conditions and the performance of small wind turbines when impacted by wake effects. The rural site used for this research contains three Skystream 3.7 turbines in close proximity to each other and several buildings. A 13 m meteorological tower with wind speed and direction sensors was installed in a nearby open area. An empirical analysis was conducted to provide a comparison of turbine performance and measured wind speed for each turbine as a function of localized disturbances caused by turbine placement. Turbine proximity to nearby buildings was observed to cause an overall reduction in power production, although cases of apparent wind speed-up induced by the buildings, and increased relative power output, were also observed. A reduction in wind turbine power output due to the wake of an adjacent turbine was observed. Overall, the turbine closest to the buildings produced about 10% less energy during the measurement perio...'] Hard Negative: ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper\n\nTo give you a sense - "The moduli of elasticity of reinforced plastics with uni-directional filaments either parallel or normal to an applied force are evaluated in terms of the material composition. Expressions are then derived which relate its moduli of elasticity and Poisson\'s ratios for an arbitrary filament orientation with its material properties in the direction of and normal to the unifilament orientation with its material properties in the direction of and normal to the unidirectional filaments. Filaments. The stress-strain relations of filament reinforced plastics are also derived." should be close to "Material properties of reinforced plastics"', 'Wind Characteristics: Strong Winds and Tropical Cyclones. Wind Characteristics: Long Term Wind Statistics. Wind Loading of Tall Buildings. Wind Loading of Low Rise Structures. Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques for Wind Loading. Safety and Risk: Wind Codes Low Rise Building Wind Resistant Design. Wind Loading of Chimneys and Cooling Towers. Wind Loading of Bridges. Wind Loading of Cables and Transmission Lines. Wind Loading of Towers and Offshore Platforms. Fundamentals of Bluff Body Aerodynamics. Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Mathematical Models of Wind Loading. Internal Pressures, Natural Ventilation and Heat Losses Due to Wind. Topographic Modelling, Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants. Wind Environment and Shelter. Wind Characteristics: Structure and Statistics. Wind Characteristics: Flow Over Hills and Ridges. Wind Power Systems. Appendices.']

Question: Suppression of self-trapped exciton luminescence in La3+- and Nd3+ -doped BaF2

The self-trapped exciton (STE) luminescence at 300 nm with a decay time of 620 ns in pure BaF2 can be suppressed by La3+ or Nd3+ doping. Crystals were studied with La concentrations ranging from 0.2 mol.% to 22 mol.% and Nd3+ concentrations between 0.15 and 11 mol.% X-ray induced emission spectra at temperatures from 90 K to 430 K and decay-time spectra are presented. Information about trapping of electrons by La3+ ions and the activation energy for thermal quenching of STE luminescence is obtained from a fit of the experimental data to a model calculation. The conclusions obtained for La3+ -doped crystals can also be employed for explaining similar aspects of the STE luminescence observed for the Nd3+ -doped BaF2 crystals.

A new class of solid-state tunable lasers based on Cr3+in low ligand field materials is described. Spectroscopic and calculated laser properties have been obtained for the4T 2 emission in two low field crystals: K 2 NaSc 1-x Cr x F 6 and Al 1-x Cr x (PO 3 )3. A comparison is made with two d3laser materials (Cr3+: alexandrite and V2+:MgF 2 . The prospect of expanding this class of materials is assessed.


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Question: Scientometrical measurement and evaluation on international collaboration of basic research in China

On the basis of Science Citation Index, we have established the data base and its statistics system about international co authored articles between China and 33 countries. Adopting the normative scientometrics indicators of international scientific collaboration, we have systemically measured and evaluated the current situation of international collaboration of Chinese basic research from six aspects. It is that international co authored articles increase and their disciplines distribution, comparison internationalization degree among the disciplines' output, country's distribution of important international collaboration partners, disciplines distribution of cooperation study between China and some representative countries, Chinese important institutions participating in international cooperation study. This study's conclusion has been applied in constituting the five years plan of international collaboration of Chinese basic research.

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This artide attempts to deal with the strategies and measures of the development of human resources by exploiting some new ways of service in the library


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Question: Research Guides: Psychology: Getting Started

This guide will assist users in researching and reviewing information in the field of Psychology.

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Guide to Library resources available at the U. of Lethbridge Library related to Archaeology.


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Question: A Restudy of the Quality of Chinese Characters

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As far as the quality of Chinese characters is concerned, the researchers' opinions in the past century vary very much, and no unanimous conclusion can be drawn. The major viewpoints regard the Chinese characters as pictograph, ideograph, ideo-phonemic language, morphemic language, picot-phonemic language, syllabic language and phonography, etc. If a single Chinese character is considered from the perspectives of pictograph, ideograph and phonology, a Chinese character is a syllabic language integrating character with word.

Preface Action: Problem, Concepts, Explanation, Methods, and Theory Research Procedures for Using Action Theory in Applied Research Action Theory Research Application of Action Theory: Research Reports Empowerment, Praxis, and Action Theory in Health Promotion Research by Judith M. Lynam and Richard A. Young The Reasoning of Parents and Children in Conversation about Marital Transitions by Deanna Bader and Richard A. Young Attempted Suicide Stories: Suicide Career, Suicide Project, and Suicide Action by Ladislav Valach, et al. Action Theoretical Perspective in Rehabilitation by Ladislav Valach and Jaye Wald Conclusion Reference Appendix: The Family Health Promotion Project Research Manual


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Question: Increased lactate threshold after five weeks of treadmill aerobic training in rats

The aim of the present study was to analyse the lactate threshold (LT) changes in rats submitted to an aerobic treadmilltraining programme. Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a sedentary control group (CG), and a trained group (TG) submitted to an aerobic training during 5 weeks. All the animals were submitted to an incremental treadmill exercise test in order to determine LT. There was an increase in the maximum running speed in the TG (from 32.25 ± 1.27 to 47.75 ± 3.13 m.min –1 – p = 0.001), and running speed at LT (from 26.21 ± 1.15 to 35.30 ± 2.24 m.min –1 – p = 0.004), a part from the reduction in blood lactate at LT. LT can be determined in rats, and aerobic training induced positive oxidative physiological adaptations in the animals.

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To improve performance of short time high-intensity exercise, it is important to enhance anaerobic energy systems. High intensity intermittent exercise training stresses the anaerobic energy systems in order for improvements to occur. In addition, it is suggested that high intensity intermittent exercise under hypobaric hypoxia (HX) as well as reductions in arterial CO2 pressure (hypocapnia: HC) induced by voluntary hyperventilation could enhance anaerobic metabolic rate more effectively [1]. However, it is unclear whether the effects on anaerobic metabolic rate differ between HX and HC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether HX and HC have similar effects on metabolic response during high intensity intermittent exercise.


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Question: Psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease assessed with the SCL-90R self-reported questionnaire

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The frequency of psychopathological symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is often underestimated because of the lack of comprehensive evaluation tools. A total of 486 consecutive non-demented PD patients completed the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R) self-reported questionnaire, a validated tool for the assessment of psychopathological symptoms on nine dimensions. Somatization, depression, anxiety and obsessive–compulsive behaviors were reported by nearly half of the PD patients. They were more likely to occur in females. Disease-related factors such as duration, severity and daily dosages, but not type of dopaminergic medications, were associated with the occurrence of these symptoms. Psychopathological features are frequent in PD and their occurrence is underlined by disease-related factors.

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Omega-3 fatty acids have received increasing interest due to their effects in stabilizing plasmatic membranes and regulating cell signaling. The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in psychiatric disorders, in particular mood disorders, has been studied. There have been two trials on eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) in the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The present 12-week controlled trial aimed to assess the efficacy of the association of EPA and DHA with valproic acid, compared to single valproic acid, in 43 consecutive BPD outpatients. Participants were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks with: Clinical Global Impression – Severity (CGI-S), Hamilton Scales for depression and anxiety (HAM-D, HAM-A), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), borderline personality disorder severity index (BPDSI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale – version 11 (BIS-11), Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) and Dosage Record Treatment ...


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Question: On construction of harmonious campuses of vocational colleges

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Construction of harmonious campuses of vocational colleges plays an important role in building China into a harmonious society,and the construction aims at meeting the requirement of put- ting the people-orientated and scientific-development outlook into effect and cultivating high-quality professionals.In a harmonious campus of a college,there should be a harmonious building environment which is the foundation for the development of the college,a harmonious administration system which is the operation organization for the development for the college,a harmonious relationship between teach- ers and students which incarnates the harmonious spirit of the college,and a harmonious social environ- ment under which the healthy development of the college could be guaranteed.

It is in accordance with the modern educational ideology to provide a PE course in higher educational institutions on how to survive in the field, which is also intended to meet the demands of further reform on PE curriculum as well as a fundamental means to reach the aim of PE education in colleges and universities.


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Question: The Poetics of Meditation: Whitman's Meditative Catalog

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Provided: "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Abstract In this paper, the problem of controlling MIMO plants where the pattern of measurements sampling and control actions delivering is not regular is tackled. Multirate control, time delay systems, missing data environments as well as limited computing and communication resources are on the grounds of these problems. There is an extensive literature on these topics. Different models are reviewed and, from the control viewpoint, model-based control design techniques are reported and new algorithms are proposed. Among the main challenges are the achievement of good performance and the avoidance of intersampling ripple. Both issues are considered and some results are discussed.']" Match: "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Non-uniform sampled-data control of MIMO systems']"

Whitman uses the meditative catalog to depict and convey his subjective experiences to the reader. We argue that this type of catalog is a poetic realization of the meditative technique of mindfulness. In analyzing examples of such a catalog, using a cognitive-poetic approach, one can illuminate both the process of mindfulness and its literary depiction. Apart from being a depiction of ongoing perceptual experience, one especially involving the visual, auditory and olfactory senses, the catalog also presents instances of physiognomic perception and other syncretic phenomena. It is from the poet's detailed depiction of his own subjective experience that one can glean insight into the meditative experience.

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Introduction: The Problem of Writing and Nature for Jung and Evolution. The Problem of the Body In/Out of Nature for Jane Austen and Seamus Heaney. The Problem of Heaven and Hell for Emily Bronte. Re-figuring Evolution for Children's Literature. Hunting Signs with the Trickster Detectives. Shakespeare's Magical Power. The Writer and the Underworld.


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Question: Genetic algorithm application on a tightly coupled array antenna

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Provided: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The effects of methionine on fragmentation and vacuolation in Acremonium chrysogenum was examined during growth on different carbon sources. Cells exhibited a filamentous form during exponential growth phase, which was followed by a yeast-like morphology in the stationary stage. Cultures also underwent a vacuolation process, monitored by the average cell diameter. The first phenomenon was correlated with growth, the latter seemed to be related to the sugar consumption rate. Methionine addition increased growth rate by accelerating sugar consumption, enhanced the vacuolation process, and increased the specific cephalosporin-C production rate.']" Match: "['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract!', 'Methionine enhances sugar consumption, fragmentation, vacuolation and cephalosporin-C production in Acremonium chrysogenum']"

A synthesis of a GA and an EM application to guide the design and optimisation of tightly coupled phased array antennas is proposed. Some analysis and tested results are provided. This technique is biased to satisfy certain desired specifications subject to the mid-frequency SKA radio astronomy. Tightly coupled arrays are a practical realisation of the current sheet model (CSA) for an array with a wideband characteristic. However, the analysis aims for an optimal impedance matching response. Technically, the EM programme computes the electrical property of the antenna design in an implemented MATLAB optimisation loop. The design is verified using both simulations and measurements of a manufactured prototype. A wide bandwidth was achieved exceeding the design specifications set out.

A model evaluation has been undertaken by considering a diagnostic evaluation of the distance dependent structure of a single source footprint.


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Question: Nonequilibrium chiral perturbation theory and pion decay functions

We extend chiral perturbation theory to study a meson gas out of thermal equilibrium. Assuming that the system is initially in equilibrium at T-i < T-c and working within the Schwinger-Keldysh contour technique, we define consistently the time-dependent temporal and spatial pion decay functions, the counterparts of the pion decay constants, and calculate them to next to leading order. The link with curved space-time QFT allows to establish nonequilibrium renormalisation. The short-time behaviour and the applicability of our model to a heavy-ion collision plasma are also discussed in this work.

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Abstract The rho meson propagator with coupling to an in medium modified π + −π − is calculated in nuclear matter within a phenomenological vector dominance model. Special care with constraints from gauge invariance is taken and the ensuing rho mass spectrum is displayed. The relevance for dilepton production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is discussed.


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Question: Driving power supply for enamel electroluminescent panel

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The invention discloses a small high-frequency electric energy transducer used as a driving power supply for an enamel electroluminescent element and other electroluminescent elements. The invention has the main technical characteristic that an electric energy high-frequency conversion driving power supply is formed by combining a ferrite transformer and a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit, wherein a PWM waveform generation circuit is connected with a power driver element, the ferrite transformer and the enamel electroluminescent element in series; one end of a parasitic oscillation cancellation circuit is connected with the power driver element; and the other end of the parasitic oscillation cancellation circuit is connected with the ferrite transformer to form the PWM circuit; and the modulation frequency of the PWM circuit is between 20 KHz and 2 MHz.

Production method of the fluorinated metal phthalocyanine in the axial direction and their use in photovoltaic devices It discloses.


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Refactoring Methods for Knowledge Bases

The manual development of large knowledge systems is a difficult and error-prone task. In order to facilitate extensions to an existing knowledge base the structural design of the implemented knowledge needs to be improved from time to time. However, experts are often deterred even from important design improvements since some restructurings are too complex to handle. In this paper, we introduce a framework that allows for automated refactorings. Refactoring methods are well-defined and are executed in a semi-automated way. In this manner, the developer is supported during the process of restructuring of even large knowledge bases. Refactoring methods are usually applied to improve the design of the knowledge base; in this paper, we sketch some design anomalies that identify poor design of the knowledge base.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Establishment and Epitope Mapping of Anti-Diacylglycerol Kinase α Monoclonal Antibody DaMab-8 for Immunohistochemical Analyses

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Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) converts diacylglycerol (DG) into phosphatidic acid (PA). DGKα, 1 of the 10 DGK isozymes, is involved in T cell function. In the present study, we describe a specific mo...

Demonstration of the Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Substance P (NK 1 ) Receptor Antagonist in Major Depression


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Question: Physician job satisfaction as a public health issue

In Hirschman’s classic formulation, physicians can signal discontent with their conditions of work by “exiting” (leaving the profession or not entering it in the first place) or by giving “voice” to their concerns (e.g. complaining, protesting, bargaining collectively, or conducting work actions and strikes). This Commentary reviews the findings of a survey of Israeli neonatologists by Moshe et al. Survey respondents were satisfied with their careers but not with salary, patient care demands, and leisure time, a pattern that has been seen in other countries, particularly within “small, acute care specialties” (SACS). One question for policymakers is how to help physicians in SACS maintain work-life balance and avoid burnout while providing superb patient care. The Commentary considers several possible solutions while advocating for rigorous and comprehensive monitoring of physician satisfaction over time.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of social trust in public risk communication in St Elizabeth, Jamaica. From a cultural rationality approach is social trust assumed to affect the publ ...


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Question: A simple criterion for global exponential stabilizability of nonlinear multiple time-delay singularly perturbed systems

A simple criterion for global exponential stability of a class of nonlinear multiple time-delay singularly perturbed systems, without the so-called ‘interconnection conditions’, is proposed in this paper. A globally exponentially stabilizing composite feedback control is also proposed such that the chosen design manifold becomes an exact integral manifold and the trajectories of the closed-loop systems, starting from any initial states, are steered along the integral manifold to the origin exponentially for all sufficiently small singular perturbation parameters e. The composite control technique is adopted in this paper.

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In this paper the Leray–Schauder nonlinear alternative combined with semigroup theory is used to investigate the existence of mild solutions for first-order impulsive semilinear functional differential equations in Banach spaces.


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Question: SLOW INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF ANTISERUM TO PREVENT ACUTE ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

From the beginning, the great bane of serum therapy has been serum sickness, the occurrence and severity of which can never be predicted. Individuals who do not give a history of previous sensitization often give reactions varying from death to an uncomfortable urticaria in certain diseases in which repeated doses of serum are given; and on the occurrence of successive infections, each of which call for serum treatment, the serum sickness is much more likely to occur and with greater severity. Since the recognition of the fact that serum disease is a phenomenon of protein sensitization, or anaphylaxis, much research work has been done to find a means to prevent it, and as a result many suggestions have appeared in the literature, most of which have proved worthless or impracticable. On the basis of the fact that most anaphylactic phenomena are due to the contractions of plain muscle fibers, the

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.