Question: represent text For example, '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'The metric dimension of the enhanced power graph of a finite group']' should have a representation like '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper:', 'The enhanced power graph of a finite group G is the graph whose vertex set is G, and two distinct vertices are adjacent if they generate a cyclic subgroup of G. In this paper, we establish an explicit formula for the metric dimension of an enhanced power graph. As an application, we compute the metric dimension of the enhanced power graph of an elementary abelian p-group, a dihedral group and a generalized quaternion group.']' but very far from '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'In this paper, we present properties of connectivities in the case of a symmetric pretopology.']'.

Question: A Survey of prefetching techniques

As the gap between processor and memory speeds increases, memory latencies have become a critical bottleneck for computerperformance. To reducethebottleneck,designershavehadtocreatemethodstohidetheselatencies. Onepopular method is prefetching. This method fetches the data from the memory system before being asked for by the processor, with the expectationthat it will soon be referenced. An effective prefetchingscheme reduces cache miss rates and therefore hides the memory latency. The aim of this paper is to provide a survey of hardware prefetching techniques. To achieve this goal, we provide a brief introduction to the concepts behind prefetching. An overview of software prefetching techniques is also given. We are then in a position to examine a number of instruction and data prefetchingschemes that have previously been proposed.

Three-dimensional structure handling reactions and synthesis property prediction and analysis integrated systems.


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Question: Heat reserving belt and manufacturing method and application thereof

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The invention discloses a heat reserving belt comprising a hollow fiber layer and a resin substrate layer which are stacked mutually. The invention further discloses a manufacturing method of the heat reserving belt. The manufacturing method includes forming the resin substrate layer and the hollow fiber layer which are stacked mutually. The invention further discloses application of the heat reserving belt as an oil delivery or gas delivery heat reserving belt. Heat conducting coefficient of the heat reserving belt can reach 0.03W/(m.k), and the heat reserving belt has high heat-reserving performance and high wear resistance and can be wound without being limited by pipeline shape.

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The mechanism of the vacuum freeze-drying, the basic structure of vacuum freeze driers and their applications in the food industry were reviewed; the current status and the future development trend of the vacuum freeze drying equipment were projected.


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Question: Electronic Strategies to Improve Chinese Reading Skills

This chapter introduces a series of studies carried out with intermediate learners of Chinese regarding the reading of authentic e-materials with hyperlinked dictionaries. The study results indicate that it is practical to let intermediate students read authentic e-materials when aided by hyperlinked dictionaries, which can improve reading comprehension and vocabulary retention. Guided by the findings from these studies, good practices on how to use authentic e-materials and hyperlinked dictionaries to improve reading skills for intermediate students are introduced. It is recommended that in order to achieve optimal results when using technology, instructors need to employ systematic strategies to support and guide students in the reading process.

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Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


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Question: Implementation of declarative framework for decision support system in scheduling problems

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Scheduling problems appear frequently at different levels of decisions. They are usually characterized by many types of constraints, which make them unstructured and difficult to solve (NP-complete). Traditional mathematical programming approaches are deficient because their representation of constraints is artificial (using 0-1 variables). Unlike traditional approaches, constraint logic programming (CLP) provides for a natural representation of heterogeneous constraints. In CLP we state the problem requirements by constraints; we do not need to specify how to meet these requirements. In this paper we propose a declarative framework for decision support system (DSS) for constrained search problems implemented by CLP and relational SQL database. We illustrate this concept by the implementation of a DSS for scheduling problems with external resources in different production organization environments.

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This paper describes an intelligent object model using rough set approach to do data mining on an expanding data set. It also presents the discussion of an example of the traffic control signals.


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Question: Stratified reduction of many-body kinetic energy operators

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The center-of-mass system of many bodies admits a natural action of the rotation group SO(3). According to the orbit types for the SO(3) action, the center-of-mass system is stratified into three types of strata. The principal stratum consists of nonsingular configurations for which the isotropy subgroup is trivial, and the other two types of strata consist of singular configurations for which the isotropy subgroup is isomorphic with either SO(2) or SO(3). Depending on whether the isotropy subgroup is isomorphic with SO(2) or SO(3), the stratum in question consists of collinear configurations or of a single configuration of the multiple collision. It is shown that the kinetic energy operator is expressed as the sum of rotational and vibrational energy operators on each stratum except for the stratum of multiple collision. The energy operator for nonsingular configurations has singularity at singular configurations. However, the singularity is not essential in the sense that both of the rotational and vibr...

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We simulate reaction-diffusion processes with discrete fields. We use a novel algorithm to simulate different autocatalytic processes with trace densities. Anderson localization with a diffusive potential is studied. A reaction-diffusion process with dynamic localization is discussed in a marketing context.


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Question: Comprehensive online Atomic Database Management System (DBMS) with Highly Qualified Computing Capabilities

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The intensive need of atomic data is expanding continuously in a wide variety of applications (e.g. fusion energy and astrophysics, laser-produced, plasma researches, and plasma processing).This paper will introduce our ongoing research work to build a comprehensive, complete, up-to-date, user friendly and online atomic Database Management System (DBMS) namely called AIMS by using SQLite (this http URL)(8). Programming language tools and techniques will not be covered here. The system allows the generation of various atomic data based on professional online atomic calculators. The ongoing work is a step forward to bring detailed atomic model accessible to a wide community of laboratory and astrophysical plasma diagnostics. AIMS is a professional worldwide tool for supporting several educational purposes and can be considered as a complementary database of IAEA atomic databases. Moreover, it will be an exceptional strategy of incorporating the output data of several atomic codes to external spectral models.

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Empirical Molecular Descriptors. Theoretical Molecular Descriptors. Methods for the Development of QSAR/QSPR. Appendix. Index.


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Question: Content Determination of Salidroside in Xinxin Granules

Objective To establish the method to determine the content of Salidroside in Xinxin Granules.Methods HPLC was used with Diamonnsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) as column,acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(7∶93) as the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was at 223 nm,and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.Results In the range of 0.106 4-1.596 μg,the peak area and content of Salidroside had a good linear relationship,RSD of reproducibility was 1.17%(n=6),and the average recovery rate was 98.53%,RSD=1.05%(n=5).Conclusion This method is stable and reliable,with high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and can be used for quality control of Xinxin Granules.

Infantile tuina combined with Jianshen Xiaodao Granula were applied to treat child anorexia. Infantile tuina manipulation could regulate the spleen and stomach,activate spleen-energy and increase appetite. Medicine composition of Jianshen Xiaodao Granula were corium stomachium galli,germinated barley,Hawthorn Fruit,massa medicata fermentata,Dangshen,Atractylodes Rhizome,magnolia bark,magnolia bark,Orange Fruit,Orange Fruit,Rhubarb and so on. This method refers to the type of dys-splenism.


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Question: Using Modern and Scientific Management to Build the Coach Team of Shandong

Through the discussion of the coath system,this article is analyzing the advantages and existing problems of the coach regulation in Shandong,stressing that the coach team must be managed in a scientific way,illustrating that it is very important to give full play to coaches' subjective activity and pay attention to the training of their ability.

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Foreward Ratan N Tata - Ratan N Tata Preface India Inclusive Turning Points Learning Fields Crises of Aspiration Looking for a Crisis of Aspiration Changing Our Clocks New Ways The Tower of Babbling Shaping India Bibliography Index


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Question: Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing same

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The invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing same. The semiconductor device in which an adhesion between a lead and a sealing body (mold sealing body) is improved to prevent the peering is provided. In a semiconductor device having a semiconductor chip (5), a plurality of leads (3) electrically connected to the semiconductor chip and mainly made of metal and a sealing body (2) for sealing the semiconductor chip, in order to improve the adhesion between the lead (3) and the sealing body (mold sealing body), a material combination with good lattice matching is used as a combination of a surface material of the lead (3) and a material of the sealing body (2), and the sealing body (2) mainly made of acene is used.

An exposure head, includes: an imaging optical system; a first light emitting element; a second light emitting element; a first TFT circuit that is connected with the first light emitting element via an interconnection wire; and a second TFT circuit that is connected with the second light emitting element via an interconnection wire, wherein the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are provided between the first TFT circuit and the second TFT circuit, thereby improving the freedom of interconnection wire connected to the light emitting elements.


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Question: 2Tb/s (20×107 Gb/s) RZ-DQPSK straight-line transmission over 1005 km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) without Raman amplification

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E.g. ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Today on Let It Rip Weekend the panel discusses how some states have already banned the use of vaping devices because of recent illnesses and deaths from the flavored e-cigarettes. Meanwhile Michigan has entered the third week in the UAW strike but how will the economy be impacted.'] == ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Let It Rip Weekend: Vaping legislation and the 3rd week of the UAW strike']

By using only C-band EDFAs, we transmitted twenty 200-GHz spaced, 107 Gb/s RZ-DQPSK WDM channels over 1005 km of SSMF with realistically varying span lengths (80 to 100 km), and span losses from 16.5 to 20 dB (average 18.5 dB loss).

We demonstrate the generation and detection of single-carrier electronic time division multiplexing 400 GE signal based on 120-GBd PDM PAM-4 signal. The signal performance is significantly improved by using our novel pre-equalization scheme. A line rate of 480-Gb/s is achieved, which enables 20% forward-error correction overhead to keep the record 400-Gb/s net information rate.


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Question: Genetic Variability in Scotch Pine in the Southeastern Part of Its Range

The main parameters of genetic variability have been determined in an isolated natural Scotch pine population from Chita oblast (Tsasuchei Forest) by analysis of 19 genes coding for nine enzymes: GDH, IDH, LAP, PGM, AAT, ADH, MDH, 6-PGD, and DIA. Polymorphic genes constituted 63.2% of all structural genes studied in the population at the 99% polymorphism criterion. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1.63. The observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.237 and 0.251, respectively. These estimates are close to the corresponding mean values for Scotch pine according to the data on 18 or more structural genes.

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List of Maps List of Tables Preface Introduction Part I. The Global Context 1. The Early Modern World 2. Climate and Early Modern World Environmental History Part II. Eurasia and Africa 3. Pioneer Settlement on Taiwan 4. Internal Frontiers and Intensified Land Use in China 5. Ecological Strategies in Tokugawa Japan 6. Landscape Change and Energy Transformation in the British Isles 7. Frontier Settlement in Russia 8. Wildlife and Livestock in South Africa Part III. The Americas 9. The Columbian Exchange: The West Indies 10. Ranching, Mining, and Settlement Frontiers in Colonial Mexico 11. Sugar and Cattle in Portuguese Brazil 12. Landscapes of Sugar in the Antilles Part IV. The World Hunt 13. Furs and Deerskins in Eastern North America 14. The Hunt for Furs in Siberia 15. Cod and the New World Fisheries 16. Whales and Walruses in the Northern Oceans Conclusion Bibliography Index


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Question: Some Solutions for Improving OPC UA Performance

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The need to exchange more data in industry is growing. Automation requires more and more data to adapt technology to industrial needs correctly. This is visible in both industry (Factory 4.0) and in the Internet of Things (IoT). All these data are produced, transferred, processed and stored for further use. An affordable communication system that permits all of the necessary operations to be performed quickly and reliably is needed. One of the proposals is OPC UA. Unfortunately, there are many situations in which OPC UA is not efficient for various reasons. One of them is the lack of real-time communication in OPC UA. Another situation that is not suited for OPC UA is the setup of the server and incoming data.

Why Data Mining is Important: What is Customer-Centric Data Mining? How Data Mining Can Enhance Your Services and Products Data Mining Can Solve Your Most Difficult Problems The Data Mining Process Pillars of the Data Mining Framework: The Information Technology of Business Intelligence The Data in Data Mining The Mathematics of Data Mining Data Mining Techniques: Knowledge Discovery Data Mining Techniques: More Knowledge Discovery Data Mining Techniques: Predictive Models Data Mining Management: Common Reasons Data Mining Projects Fail Overcoming Obstacles Successful Data Mining Project Management Data Mining in Practice--Case Studies: Data Mining in: Customer Service, Retail, Insurance, Financial Services, Health Care and Medicine, Telecommunications, Transportation and Logistics, Energy, and Government Glossary Bibliography Appendixes: Vendor Information "STAT 101" Techniques Listed by Methodology Phase


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Question: Image storage based on circular-polarization holography in an azobenzene side-chain liquid-crystalline polymer.

Image storage was investigated in a liquid-crystalline azobenzene polymer film based on circular-polarization holographic recording. An image was stored in pure polarization holograms using two orthogonal circularly polarized 532 nm beams and was reconstructed with a 633 nm beam. The polarization holograms showed high stability and a high diffraction efficiency of 31.8%. Moreover, the polarization holograms could convert arbitrary probe polarization state into circular polarization, and the diffraction efficiency was dependent on the probe polarization state, which was favorable for controlling the reconstructed images.

Two azobenzene derivatives carrying benzo-15-crown-5 or benzo-18-crown-6 moiety have been synthesized. One of the crowned azobenzene derivatives, 2,3-[4-(4-octylphenylazo)phenyloxycarbonyl]benzo-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadeca-2-ene, was found to be a monotropic liquid-crystalline compound and the other did not show any liquid-crystalline phase. Incorporation of the benzo-15-crown-5-containing azobenzene derivative into an ionically conducting composite film produced bistable ionic conductivities, which reflected the liquid-crystalline characteristics.


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Question: Design, Fabrication, and Properties of Nanomaterials Using Ultrathin Film Techniques

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The transformation of economic society will cause the change of higher education.To construct the teaching-service-oriented university is the necessary need of social economy development,science and technology development and higher education development.In the period of the massification of China higher education,the teaching-service-oriented university appeared to promote the integrity of knowledge and local economic social development,to construct the new model of teaching and research,and to set up new organization systems and resource allocation regulation in the university.Then,the teaching-serviceoriented university is of openness,applicability,diversity,and regionality.The key to realize the transformation of teaching-service-oriented university includes the leadership full of service spirit,the school-running pattern of transition,joint training of applied talents,cooperation of application research and experimental development,and the compatible organization system.']" should be close to "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract:', 'The Transformation of Economic Society and the Construction of the Teaching-service-oriented University']"

The nanostructure of an ultrathin film is determined by the initial stage of the thin film growth. In addition, the physical properties of ultrathin films are sometimes dominated by the surface/interface properties because of the large surface-to-volume ratio. Focusing on a magnetic ultrathin film, this chapter describes the fabrication techniques for ultrathin films, the magnetic properties of two-dimensionally aligned nanoparticles, and the surface/interface magnetic properties of ultrathin films.

Biomaterials * Optical Components * Construction Materials * Nuclear Waste Containment * Ceramic Superconductors * Archeologically Significant Articles.


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Question: Solar cell having back surface field structures and manufacturing method thereof

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A solar cell and a manufacturing method of the structure having a back-surface field, said battery comprising: a wafer, the dielectric layer, a plurality of back-surface field structure, the metal barrier layer and a conductive adhesive layer. Improved method of the present invention is primarily characterized in that before forming the conductive layer, the first metal barrier layer formed on a surface of the dielectric layer, and the material is silver, molybdenum, titanium-tungsten alloy, tungsten, titanium, chromium, molybdenum tungsten, platinum, gold, nickel, or any combination of the above alloy. By the surface of the barrier metal layer as a barrier dielectric layer can be prevented during sintering of the conductive paste layer material diffuse into the dielectric layer, thus avoiding damage to the dielectric layer of the conductive paste, so that dielectric layer having good quality reduce the efficacy and good carrier recombination rate, can improve the conversion efficiency of the battery.

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A strained silicon-on-insulator structure and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. In accordance with the present invention, an insulating substrate, SiO


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Question: Postpartum Psychosis Forever Changed My Life

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Jennifer is a 47-year-old mother diagnosed with postpartum psychosis and bipolar disorder. In this chapter she discusses her experiences of being hospitalized nine times after the birth of her son, as well as being separated from her family due to the lack of education about mental illness in her community. She is a writer and mental health advocate, and more information about Jennifer can be found at http://www.jennifermoyer.com.

My Daughter Wants/Needs To Diet. The Pursuit of Thinness. Mothers Daughters and Food. Mirror, Mirror On The Wall. Daddy' Girl. Fit or Fanatic. The Thin Commandments. Diet to Disorder: Canaries In The Coal Mine. What's Going On In There? If My Daughter Has A Problem, What Do I Do? So You Want To Go On A Diet? (For a dieting daughter). Dear Mom, and Other Letters. Appendix: Suggested Reading, Eating Disorder Organizations and Referral Sources.


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Question: Impact of fading channel on decision fusion in wireless sensor networks

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Wireless channel of monitoring the outdoor environment is very complex,and gets impacted by many factors such as multipath fading and noise,which deteriorates awfully the quality of signal reception.Further research on fading channel is helpful for receiving better signal and improving system performance.The factors of impacting fading channel were analyzed in detail,and the transmitting performance with fading channel was researched.The impact of fading channel on the probability of system detection was simulated,and the multi-bit local decisions in decision fusion with fading channel were researched.The simulation results suggest that the probability of system detection is lower compared to non-fading channel,and the sensor transmitting a bit decision is optimal.

A performance study of electronic code division multiple access (E-CDMA) based control signaling scheme is presented in terms of power budget for error-free recovery of payload and E-CDMA signals in the presence of several noise sources.


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Question: Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of non-aromatic dialkylated cyanoguanidines on histamine receptor subtypes

The project was focused on the synthesis, structural elucidation and in vitro pharmacology of novel ligands for the histamine receptor subtypes H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R with the aim to further characterize the structure-activity relationships in this field.

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A new series of 1beta-methylcarbapenems 1a-d bearing 5-methyl-4-mercaptopyrrolidinone rings has been prepared and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic parameters. Most compounds showed excellent antibacterial activity and high stability to dehydropeptidase-1. We have synthesized optically active 5-methyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidinones from enantiomerically pure aziridine esters.


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Question: Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Phragmites australis from Dnipro channel

Field and experimental studies of morphological and anatomical leaf parameters of Phragmites australis showed the structural adaptation of these plants to growth under different water supply regimes. The anatomical structure of the leaves of common reed, which grew in shallow water and dry land in the Venice channel of the Dnipro river in Kyiv, was studied with the light microscopy. The obtained results suggest that the anatomical structure and type of mesophyll cells are stable parameters for this species, while the size both of the leaf blade and its cells can be considered as adaptive and labile features varying depending on the conditions of water supply.

Dune communities with dominant Ipomoea pes-caprae (coastal strand vegetation) and communities with dominant Gleicheiniaceae (fern communities of forest borderlines) were distinguished and comparatively studied in Brazil, Malaysia and Singapore, and compared with similar stands around the world. A total of 71 vegetation releves was collected. In coastal dune vegetation, the new associations Ipomoeo pediscaprae-Sporoboletum virginicae was distinguished for Brazil, and the vicariant Wedelio biflorae-Ipomoeetum pedis-caprae is described from Malaysia and Singapore. The vegetation of forest borderlines is characterized in Brazil by the new association Lycopodio cernuui-Gleicheinietum bifidae, which was subdivided in two subassociations (droseretosum capillaris and typicum). A physiognomically similar community was detected and described in Malaysia and Singapore as the new association Lycopodio cernuui-Dicranopteridetum curranii with two subassociations (typicum and dicranopteridetosum linearis).


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Question: Interim management to improve the wearability of body-worn utilitarian objects

The invention concerns an intermediate layer (2) for enhancing comfort of a user wearing usual objects on or in the body. Said intermediate layer comprises at least an element consisting of a heat-sensitive gel having a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Under the influence of the user's body or skin temperature (T), the intermediate layer actively produces a constant modification of the contact point(s) between the usual object and the user's body (3).

The development of e-textiles and conductive fabrics is strongly supported by the rapid growth of wearable electronics. Unfortunately, the fast development of production technologies for smart text...


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Question: Early planktonic larvae of the blackcheek tonguefish,Symphurus plagiusa (Pisces: Cynoglossidae), in the lower Chesapeake Bay

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One hundred ninety-four larvae ofSymphurus plagiusa were taken in the lower Chesapeake Bay during a three-year zooplankton survey 1971–1974. Early larval stages (1.3–6.2 mm NL) are illustrated and described. Recently hatched larvae (1.3–2.8 mm NL) are distinguished by pigment patterns, gut configuration, and a fleshy occipital hump. Later larvae (2.8–6.2 mm NL) are identified by pigmentation, gut configuration and produced dorsal rays.

A practical method for separating eggs of hake, Merluccius merluccius (Pisces: Merlucciidae), from samples of mixed plankton is described.


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Question: Sleeping support having recessed headrest and being mounted on chair back

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Disclosed is a sleeping support having a recessed headrest and being mounted on a chair back. The support comprises: a head backing plate which is a board provided with a soft material (5) allowing the head to be comfortable. The centre thereof has a distinct recess used to accommodate the head, comprising a hole (3), a pit or a recess (41, 42) with several openings and with or without a base. These components are indirectly or directly connected to a chair back (1). The sleeping support means that a user does not need to carry a support when travelling in a vehicle and the head of a user can rest very comfortably thereon.

A three vehicle, the vehicle can be driven with two steering front wheels and two front wheels and one rear wheel are mounted on the unitary base plate made of a plastic. A rear wheel mounted on a car tumbler, the boom may be pivotally rotated at substantially the center of the bottom side of the base plate, the motor vehicle can be parked at the front and two on the front wheel against the rear wheel. There are many base plate purposefully distributed over the periphery of the bottom plate and the upper surface within the periphery of the tubular connecting clip / handle, which is connected by a clamp / handle, various accessories, such as to facilitate the travel of the driver sitting or standing attachments and accessories for protection even in the end plate.


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Question: A multilayered feed forward neural network suitable for VLSI implementation

Abstract A potentially simplified training strategy for feed forward type neural networks is developed in view of VLSI implementation. The gradient descent back propagation technique is simplified to train stochastic type neural hardware. The proposed learning algorithm uses ADD, SUBTRACT and LOGICAL operations only. This reduces circuit complexity with an increase in speed. The forward and reverse characteristics of perceptrons are generated using random threshold logic. The proposed hardware consists of 31 perceptrons per layer working in parallel with a programmable number of layers working in sequential mode.

This paper describes the design of an identification, prediction and estimation algorithm of a two-dimensional (2-D) autoregressive - moving average (ARMA) model using a 2-D innovation process using raw data. This model has been applied to a finite size of electronic healthcare image of human white blood cell chromosomes. An optimum smoothing approach based on this model has been implemented. The mean square error converges in 10 lines, and a steady state estimate of the embedded signal is easily reached. These results point out the desirability of accurate statistical modelling of 2-D or periodic digital data.


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Question: Proposed Use of the Computer as a Tool to Aid Analysis of Properties of Materials in Fixators of Spine

With objective of analyzing the mechanical behavior of the internal fixators of spine and of the bony structure, the pieces and the group were made (it structures bony x internal fixator) with the aid a software of solid modeling. The materials used in the rehearsals had been the titanium, now in the market and a castor oil polyurethane destined to the development of you implant bony.

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MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


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Question: Indigenous education, imagining the future - the role of educators

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A coating agent aqueous dispersion comprising, as solid matters, 20 to 80 wt. %, preferably 29 to 70 wt. %, of PTFE, 10 to 50 wt. %, preferably 14 to 36 wt. %, of acrylic resin, and 10 to 50 wt. %, preferably 20 to 45 wt. %, of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. When the coating agent aqueous dispersion of the present invention is used as a surface-treating agent for rubber-made sealing materials, etc., a reduction in stickiness to the sealing mate material and the prevention of blooming on the surface of the rubber material are obtained. Combined with the flexibility, the adhesion balance between the rubber material and the coating agent is excellent.

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Sami Stories. Art and Identity of an Arctic People is an exhibition created and curated by the Northern Norway Art Museum and Tromso University Museum to commemorate the bicentennial celebrations of the Norwegian Constitution. The exhibition debuted at the Northern Norway Art Museum in Tromso, Norway, before traveling to New York City and Anchorage, Alaska. This paper shares stories to demonstrate the roles that museums can play in the interpretation and representation of Sami cultures. Additionally, the shared discussion will advance educational outreach in Alaska and elsewhere concerning similarities and di erences surrounding the adoption of indigenous concepts, practices, values and worldviews.


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Question: Generating Language Activities in Real-Time for English Learners using Language Muse

K-12 education standards in the U.S. require all students to read complex texts across many subject areas. The Language Muse™ Activity Palette is a web-based language-instruction application that uses NLP algorithms and lexical resources to automatically generate language activities and support English language learners' content comprehension and language skills development. The system's online platform for activity generation, scoring, and feedback is scalable for MOOCs, as well as for other online learning settings.

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Contents: Virtual Worlds - History of Virtual Worlds - Virtual Worlds and Language Learning Theory - Varieties of Virtual World Environments - Language Learning in Second Life.


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Question: Tryptophan biosynthesis genes trpEGC in the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus.

A DNA fragment containing the trpEGC gene cluster was isolated from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. The products of trpE, trpG, and trpC from S. solfataricus were compared to the homologous products from a eukaryote, a eubacterium, and two archaebacteria, namely, a methanogen and an extreme halophile. They appeared to be equally related to the proteins from Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the percentages of conserved amino acids being roughly the same as those measured when comparing the eubacterial and eukaryotic sequences directly. These percentages did not rise significantly when a comparison with the proteins from Haloferax volcanii was drawn, while a slightly closer relationship with the proteins from Methanococcus thermoautotrophicum was found.

We have stably transformed both Haloarcula vallismortis and Haloarcula hispanica with the halobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors pWL102 (based on the Haloferax volcanii pHV2 replicon) and pUBP2 (based on the Halobacterium halobium pHH1 replicon). Haloferax volcanii, Halobacterium halobium, and Haloarcula vailismortis are equally distant from one another and span the phylogenetic depth of the halophilic Archaea; thus, these vectors may be generally useful for the halophiles. Both Haloarcula vallismortis and Haloarcula hispanica exhibit previously unreported complex life cycles and are therefore significant as genetically approachable models of cellular differentiation within the Archaea.


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Question: CAD Based Standard ECL FASTBUS Interface

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We have designed, built and tested 7 different Fastbus boards for the Collider Detector Facility (CDF) trigger system. Each of the boards has by necessity had a somewhat different Fastbus interface; two have block transfer and the number of registers per board varies. In order to facilitate design we have attempted to make schematics in 'building blocks' so that submits of the interfaces are standard, and interfaces for new boards can be built up from existing schematics. The schematics are on a Telesis CAD machine.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: Teachign Exchange: Telephone calls to colleagues

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A brief articel giving advice on how to improve a trainee's telephone communication skills.

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For example, ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract This paper studies an impact of geometric degeneracies on the complexity of geometric objects which are unions and intersections of open regions. We demonstrate a technique, based on the concept of lower semicontinuous functions, for proving that the maximum complexity is achieved on nondegenerate configurations of regions. We discuss in this context the complexity of stabbing regions, and arrangements of Jordan curves.'] should be similar to ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about:', 'A role of lower semicontinuous functions in the combinatorial complexity of geometric problems']

A guide for the students in the Nursing, Anatomy and Physiology first year learning community.


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Question: Analysis of Likelihood of Failure for the Thinning of Hydrochloric Acid Corrosion through Risk-Based Inspection using API-581 BRD

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To propose a cause analysis method of pressurized facilities, a likelihood of failure (LOF) for the thinning module by hydrochloric acid corrosion was analyzed through the risk-based inspection (RBI) using API-581 BRD. For this investigation, the technical module subfactor (TMSF), as a main factor of the LOF, was estimated, and the effects of parameters on the TMSF were analyzed quantitatively. As a result, we found that the TMSF increased with increasing chloride ion concentration and temperature, but it decreased with increasing thickness of the facilities, inspection number and inspection effectiveness. Also, the TMSF showed a relatively low value for the monitoring system implemented and the overdesign factor>1.5. In this condition, the TMSF changed sensitively with the inspection number, the inspection effectiveness and the overdesign factor, and its magnitude varied with the monitoring system.

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Abstract : Partial contents:Problem Statement, Technical Objective, Technical Background Current Coatings, Technical Background, Technical Background - Polysiloxane, Technical Background - Polyuretidione, Technical Background Cyclic Carbonate, Technical Approach, Task 1 Benchmarking, Task 2 Initial Formulation Development, Task 3 Initial CARC Testing, Task 4 Targeted Development, Chemspeed Autoplant A100TM, Task 5 Formulation CARC Testing, Task 6 Optimization, Task 8 Transition Planning, Year 1 Project Plan, Overall Project Plan, Project Funding, Deliverables.


Question: Transnational Legitimacy in a Globalising World: How the European Union Rescues its States

This article addresses claims regarding the limited legitimacy of international institutions. It argues that the two original appointed supranational institutions of the European Union play a crucial, if systematically underestimated, role not merely in providing legitimacy for the Union itself, but also in shoring up that of its constituent member states. We illustrate that supranationalism enhances national legitimacy in functional, political and administrative terms. It does so by helping member states produce outputs they otherwise could not (particularly by enabling them to deal with transboundary policy problems they would struggle to confront if acting in isolation) and by embedding within national political and administrative systems legally enforceable obligations to respect the interests of actors whose voice is excluded or muffled (de jure or de facto) within purely national political processes. The article contends that the claims to legitimacy made by the EU and its member states are of disti...

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INTRODUCTION: INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION ON EMERGING NOTIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS 1. Corporate Human Rights Obligations under Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights 2. Globalization, Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic: An Interface between Free Trade and the Right to Culture 3. Freedom of Religion in a Globalized World: The European Experience 4. Globalization, Terrorism and Human Rights: The Mouse that Roared 5. Globalization and Its Effects on the Emerging Jurisprudence on the Right to Education in South Africa and Nigeria 6. The Emergence of the Human Right to Water in a Globalized Scenario and its Implications to International Investment Law 7. Interface between the Third Generation Human Rights and the Good Governance in a Globalized World 8. The Place of Capitalism in the Pursuit of Human Rights in the Globalized Relationships of States INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHY ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS


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Question: ISO 9000 and supply chain efficiency: Empirical evidence on inventory and account receivable days

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ISO 9000 is the most popular and widely adopted meta-standard for quality and operational improvements in manufacturing supply chains. However, few studies have quantitatively examined its impact on supply chain efficiency. In this paper we measure the material and cash flow efficiency of ISO 9000 certified firms in terms of inventory days and account receivable days. We analyzed changes in these time-based efficiency indicators prior and after ISO 9000 implementation in 695 US-listed manufacturing firms. We found that ISO 9000 certified firms shortened the number of inventory days by 3.68 days 1 year after ISO 9000 implementation. They showed continuous improvement and shortened the number of inventory days by 8.75 days (8.29% shorter) 3 years after certification. Account receivable days and overall operating cycle time also showed similar significant reductions after ISO 9000 implementation. The results reveal that ISO 9000 adoption helps improve the material and cash flows in manufacturing supply chains.

ABSTRACTThis study comprehensively investigates the management’s strategic behaviors in determining the timing and the disclosure medium for earnings announcements, utilizing the empirical setting ...


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Question: Scheduling of generating units maintenance under uncertainty

In a problem of generating units maintenance scheduling usually both the objective function and constraints are formulated as the linear functions. The author explains how the division of planning horizon into discrete time intervals allows one to solve this optimization problem with the use of linear integer programming methods. The dimension of the problem depends upon the number of generating units destined for maintenance and the number of elementary time intervals.

One on the problems to be solved in the rail traffic management is the problem of planning of maintenance requirements of rolling equipment and those assignments by repair facilities. This problem approximates by transportation task and in this paper, decides with using auction method.


Question: Immunity of International Organizations

In December 1958, the General Assembly invited the International Law Commission to consider the question of relations between states and intergovernmental international organizations after undertaking a study of diplomatic intercourse and immunities, consular intercourse and immunities and ad hoc diplomacy. This paper presents a brief overview of the work of the ilc over a period of 30 years, which was led by two Special Rapporteurs: Abdullah El-Erian (1962–1979); and Leonardo Diaz Gonzalez (1979–1992). In 1992, the ilc decided to discontinue its work on this topic: this paper will outline the main reasons given by the ilc for this decision, and draw some conclusions from the work of the ilc in this area.

Introduction Problems and Prospects of Preventing Conflict of Interest in Local Governments in the CEE Countries Chapter 1 The Bulgarian Experience with Building a Framework for the Prevention of Conflict of Interest Situations in Local Governments Chapter 2 The Progress of Regulation of Conflict of Interest in Local Government in Latvia Chapter 3 Difficulties with Implementation of Conflict of Interest Regulation in Polish Local Government Chapter 4 New Ways of Managing Conflict of Interest Problems in Romania Chapter 5 Conflict of Interest in Russian Local Government: Challenges for New Legislation Chapter 6 Waiting for a Conflict of Interest Constitutional Law in Slovakia Index


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Question: Hotelling Games with Random Tolerance Intervals

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title E.g. ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'AbstractDespite impressive progress in experimental studies of ion channels, determinants of their state-dependent geometry are not completely understood. Previous studies of P-loop channels sugges...'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Intersegment contacts determine geometry of the open and closed states in P-loop channels']

The classical Hotelling game is played on a line segment whose points represent uniformly distributed clients. The n players of the game are servers who need to place themselves on the line segment, and once this is done, each client gets served by the player closest to it. The goal of each player is to choose its location so as to maximize the number of clients it attracts.

Foreword - Philip K. Maini List of Figures List of Notation Introduction and Outline On the Origin of Patterns Mathematical Modeling of Biological Pattern Formation Cellular Automata Random Movement Growth Processes Adhesive Cell Interaction Alignment and Cellular Swarming Pigment Cell Pattern Formation Tissue and Tumor Development Turing Patterns and Excitable Media Discussion and Outlook Appendix A. Growth Processes: A Mean-Field Equation Appendix B. Turing Patterns Appendix C. Excitable Media: Complete Interaction Rule Appendix D. Isotropy, Lattices, and Tensors References Index


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Question: Quadratic EKF algorithm enhancements for low cost tightly-coupled AHRS/GPS

Attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) is a three dimensional measurement package including micro-inertial measurement units (MIMUs) and magnetic sensors, which can accomplish the real-time attitude control of moving bodies. When GPS is added to an AHRS, the combined system becomes a micro inertial sensors based INS/GPS. The whole system, in contrast, can output the position, velocity and attitude information in chosen coordinate frames. The tightly-coupled measurement mode that fuses pseudo_range-pseudo_range rate-heading measurements is proposed and intensively illustrated. Due to the large drifts of MIMUs, the quadratic extended Kalman filter (QEKF) algorithm is introduced substituting for conventional EKF, compensating the quadratic truncation error extracted from parameter linearization according to Taylor expanding theory. The simulation under the same condition indicates that the accuracy of the navigation parameters is highly enhanced, better than the ones obtained from the standard EKF scheme.

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This work presents an orientation tracking system for 6D inertial measurements units. The system was modeled with MathWorks Simulink and experimentally tested with the Cube Demo board by SensorDynamics, used to simulate a 3D gyro and a 3D accelerometer. Quaternions were used to represent the angular position and an Extended Kaiman filter was used for the sensor fusion algorithm. The goal was to obtain an integrated system that could be easily integrated within the logic of the new 6D sensor family produced by SensorDynamics. We propose a Kaiman filter simplification for a fixed point arithmetic implementation to reduce the system complexity with negligible performance degradation.


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Question: Does Fluvastatin Improve Arterial Functions in Dyslipidemic RenalTransplant Recipients

Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Arterial stiffness (AS) contributes to the occurrence of CV disease. We aimed to examine the effect of fluvastatin on CV risk factors and AS in RTRs. Fourteen dyslipidemic RTRs were enrolled. They received daily open-label 80 mg fluvastatin therapy for 6 months. Large (C1) and small (C2) vessel compliances of the radial artery were determined by pulse wave analysis at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with fluvastatin. No significant changes in C1 or C2 measurements were observed. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased significantly. Our results suggest that 6-month treatment with fluvastatin in dyslipidemic RTRs was not associated with improvement in AS despite significant improvement of lipid profile.

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Progress in Alzheimer's Disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Familial Alzheimer's Disease and Biology of Presenilins. Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in Alzheimer's Disease. Clinical Evaluation of Alzheimer's Disease. Progress in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Novel Drug Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibitors. New Treatment on the Horizon in Alzheimer's Disease. Progress in Parkinson's Disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis. Familial Parkinson's Disease. Clinical Topics in Parkinson's Disease. Progress in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Dopamine Agonists. Mechanism and Treatment of Motor Complications. Treatment of Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Surgical Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. New Treatment on the Horizon in Parkinson's Disease. Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Familial Frontotemporal Dementia and Related Disorders.


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Question: Siliceous microfossils in a Holocene, High Arctic peat deposit (Nordvestø, northwestern Greenland)

Siliceous microfossils (diatom valves, chrysophyte stomatocysts, and testate amoebae plates) were examined from a 2.6-m thick peat deposit from Nordvesto, northwestern Greenland (76°44′N, 73° 13′W). The moss, predominantly Aplodon wormskioldii (Hornem.) R.Br., began to accumulate approximately 6500 years ago and persisted for about 2000 years. Siliceous microfossils were generally well preserved in the peat, although taxon richness was low (i.e., only 19 diatom taxa, 16 chrysophyte cyst morphotypes, and 4 testate amoebae genera). Despite the paucity of taxa, marked shifts in species composition were recorded. Geochemical analyses and biogenic silica determination on the peat did not show any significant trends. To our knowledge, this study represents the first such combined analysis of a High Arctic peat, so our interpretations should be considered tentative. Environmental variables were not stable during the 2000 years of peat accumulation, as suggested by microfossil assemblage changes. For example, abo...

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An integrative and quantitative assessment of the gold potential of the Nuuk region, West Greenland


Question: Gene regulation by engineered CRISPR-Cas systems.

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The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) arrays and their CRISPR associated (Cas) proteins constitute adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea that provide protection from bacteriophages, plasmids and other mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Recently, the ability to direct these systems to DNA in a sequence-specific manner has led to the emergence of new technologies for engineered gene regulation in bacteria and eukaryotes. These systems have the potential to enable facile high-throughput functional genomics studies aimed at identifying gene function and will be a crucial tool for synthetic biology. Here, we review the recent engineering of these systems for controlling gene expression.

The RNA-guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 cleaves double-stranded DNA targets bearing a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and complementarity to an RNA guide. Unlike other Cas9 orthologs, Corynebacterium diphtheriae Cas9 (CdCas9) recognizes the promiscuous NNRHHHY PAM. However, the CdCas9-mediated PAM recognition mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of CdCas9 in complex with the guide RNA and its target DNA at 2.9 A resolution. The structure reveals that CdCas9 recognizes the NNRHHHY PAM via a combination of van der Waals interactions and base-specific hydrogen bonds. Moreover, we find that CdCas9 exhibits robust DNA cleavage activity with the optimal 22-nucleotide length guide RNAs. Our findings highlight the mechanistic diversity of the PAM recognition by Cas9 orthologs, and provide a basis for the further engineering of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editor nucleases.


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Question: The Wavelength-Locking of High-Power 808 nm Semiconductor Laser

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A distributed feedback (DFB) laser of 808 nm is produced in this paper whose optical power is 2 W, cavity length is 3 mm, and injecting width is 200 μm. A second-order grating formed into an InGaP/GaAs/InGaP multilayer structure provides the optical distributed feedback. The holographic lithography method is adopted to make Bragg gratings in p-waveguide layer (Λ = 240 nm) of the GaAs epitaxial wafers. The best experimental conditions are determined by analyzing the surface morphology and three-dimensional holographic grating. In addition, the output power data and wavelength of the distributed feedback laser emitting at different temperatures are presented. And the wavelength varies with temperature at a rate of 0.062 nm/K. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that this kind of DFB laser has a better temperature stabilized wavelength and narrower line width.

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List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Basic Transmission Line Theory. 3. Evaluating the Transient Response of Linear Networks. 4. Mosfet Current-Voltage Characteristics. 5. Figures of Merit to Characterize the Importance of on-Chip Inductance in Single Lines. 6. Effects of Inductance on the Propagation Delay and Repeater Insertion Process in RLC Lines. 7. Equivalent Elmore Delay for RLC Trees. 8. Characterizing Inductance Effects in RLC Trees. 9. Repeater Insertion in Tree Structured Inductive Interconnect. 10. Dynamic and Short-Circuit Power of CMOS Gates Driving Lossless Transmission Lines. 11. Exploiting On-Chip Inductance in High Speed Clock Distribution Networks. 12. Accurate and Efficient Evaluation of the Transient Response in RLC Circuits: The DTT Method. 13. On the Extraction of On-Chip Inductance. 14. Conclusions. Bibliography. Appendices. Index. About the Authors.


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Question: The Gift, and Death, of Blackness

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In this article, I respond to the idiom of “Black people’s gifts,” a term that is often associated with W. E. B. Du Bois and that was frequently invoked in the wake of the Emmanuel AME Massacre. I contend that there are at least two different ways of thinking about Black gifts, a doubleness that runs throughout Du Bois’s writings. On the one hand, we can read the gift simply as Black people’s positive contributions to U.S. exceptionalism—Black courage, sacrifice, and even death ultimately function to advance and fortify imperial projects. Yet Du Bois also indicates that we might think of the gift of Blackness as that which cuts against these kinds of instrumental logics. To develop this second sense of the gift, I turn to the work of Georges Bataille and Toni Morrison, authors who link the gift of (Black) death with anguish, opacity, and intimacy with the dismembered.

Introduction Innocence Lost Family Matters In the Gym and Boardroom Higher Learning Coming to America Something Old, Something New Bibliography Index


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Question: Effects of phosphoric acid-acetone pretreatment on enzymatic saccharification of rice straw

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To improve lignocellulose energy-oriented use efficiency of the rice straw,rice straw was pretreated with phosphoric acid-acetone.The effects of particle size,materials to liquid ratio,temperature and time on enzymatic saccharification ratio of rice straw were studied.The construction of the rice straw was scanned before and after the pretreatment by SEM.The results showed that when the particle size of rice straw was ≤380 μm,the materials to liquid ratio was 1∶8,the pretreated temperature was 80 ℃ and the pretreated time was 1.5 h,the enzymatic saccharification ratio of rice straw increased from 18.6% to 65.4%.The crystalline structure of the rice straw was destroyed to pieces by SEM,providing good working conditions for the subsequent enzymatic saccharification.The research could provide an effective pretreated way of straw under mildness conditions.

In this work, new halophyte plant biomass is proposed as raw material for bioenergy production. The bioconversion process of lignocellulosic materials into ethanol needs a pretreatment before enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetal material to increase the yield of fermentable sugars. Various mechanical and chemical pre-treatment processes were investigated in an attempt to facilitate the solubilization of large fraction of hemicelluloses.


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Question: International accounting : standards, regulations, and financial reporting

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Lobbying Towards a Global Standard-Setter A Fair Go for Fair Value The Behavior Modification Impact of International Accounting Standards on Decision-Making and Risk Management Fair Value-The Basis of International Financial Reporting Standards Fair Value Accounting under IAS/IFRS: Concepts, Reasons, Criticisms Adopting and Implementing International Financial Reporting Standards in Transition Economies International Convergence A Meta-National Perspective on Accounting and Auditing in Nonprofit Organizations How About Performance Audits For Public Companies

What is integrated reporting? The integrated reporting's main drivers and characteristics. The use of graphs in annual reports. Empirical study on integrated reports.


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Question: Jet induced supernovae: Hydrodynamics and observational consequences

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Core collapse supernovae (SN) are the final stages of stellar evolution in massive stars during which the central region collapses, forms a neutron star (NS), and the outer layers are ejected. Recent explosion scenarios assumed that the ejection is due to energy deposition by neutrinos into the envelope but detailed models do not produce powerful explosions. There is mounting evidence for an asphericity in the SN which is difficult to explain within this picture. This evidence includes the observed high polarization, pulsar kicks, high velocity iron-group and intermediate-mass elements material observed in remnants, etc. The discovery of highly magnetars revived the idea that the basic mechanism for the ejection of the envelope is related to a highly focused MHD-jet formed at the NS. Our 3-D hydro simulations of the jet propagation through the star confirmed that the mechanism can explain the asphericities. In this paper, detailed 3-D models for jet induced explosions of “classical” core collapse supernov...

Twenty years after SN 1987A, the vast international programme of experimental neutrino physics and neutrino astronomy suggests that large detectors will operate for a long time. It is realistic that a high-statistics neutrino signal from a galactic SN will be observed. I review some of the generic lessons from such an observation where neutrinos largely play the role of astrophysical messengers. In principle, the signal also holds valuable information about neutrino mixing parameters. I explain some recent developments about the crucial importance of collective neutrino oscillations in the SN environment.


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Question: Mobile communication device and reception suppressing method

A mobile communication device and a reception suppressing method wherein in a case of two antennas, the frequency bands of which are close to each other, being used to perform communications, the communication using one of the two antennas can be suitably performed without designing the frequency band of the other of the two antennas to be narrow. While at least one of a predetermined signal processing to be performed by a broadcast wave receiving part (100) and a predetermined signal processing to be performed by a communication part (150) is being performed, a reception suppressing part (205) adjusts the frequency of a broadcast signal to be received by a first antenna part (20) in such a manner that it goes away from the frequency of a transport signal transmitted from a second antenna part (151) or that of a received signal received by the second antenna part (151).

The present invention discloses a technique for providing an additional function control system, the system allows telecommunications companies can choose whether to have the additional function available by the communication terminal. Usually when using the communication function of the communication terminal of the communication service, the communication network is connected to the communication terminal. A communication terminal additional function controller manages the additional function, and provides additional functions for controlling the operation of the communication terminal additional function control information. The communication terminal comprising the additional function unit for providing additional functions, and the control information to restrict operation of the additional function unit based on additional function from the additional function controller.


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Question: The Synchronization of Business Cycles and Financial Cycles in the Euro Area

Using a frequency-based filter, I document the existence of a euro-area financial cycle and high- and low-amplitude national financial cycles. Applying concordance and similarity analysis to business and financial cycles, I provide evidence of five empirical regularities: (i) the aggregate euro-area creditto- GDP ratio behaved procyclically in the years preceding euro-area recessions; (ii) financial cycles are less synchronized than business cycles; (iii) business cycle synchronization has increased while financial cycle synchronization has decreased; (iv) financial cycle desynchronization was more pronounced between high-amplitude and low-amplitude countries, especially Germany; (v) high-amplitude countries and Germany experienced divergent leverage dynamics after 2002.

The Economics of Residential Property Theoretical Building Blocks for the Analysis of Housing Markets Housing and the Wider Economy in the Short and Long Run House Price Shocks and Consumption with Forward Looking Households Housing Wealth, Bequests and Financial Liberalization in the Major Economies The Theory of Economies in Transition Assessing the Impact of Financial Liberalization and Income Shocks on Consumption Evidence from Aggregate Data Consumption, Human Capital and Housing Wealth Evidence from Household Data Financial Liberalization and the Design of Mortgage Contracts Policy Issues.


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Question: [Treatment of deep burns and frostbite of the hand and fingers].

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Under observation there were 186 patients with thermal burns and 59 patients with frostbites of hands and fingers. Free skin plasty with a splitted autotransplant was used in 29 patients. Plasty on a temporary feeding pedicle was used in 39 patients. Better results were obtained in remote terms in patients after non-free dermoplasty. In patients with burns and frostbites of the IVth degree no labour rehabilitation was achieved.

Objective To report the treatment procedures and their outcomes in high-pressure injection injuries to the hand in 6 cases. Methods Two or 3 extensive wound debridement in all wounded fingers or hands were performed. All large residual skin defects following debridement were repaired with dorsal hand reversed fascial flaps. Results From October 1998 to October 2001,6 cases of high-pressure injection injuries to the hand were treated in our department. The transferred flap all survived. The wounded fingers had good motor function. Conclusion Multiple (2 or 3) debridements and early flap resurfacing are a key point for good function in the wounded fingers.


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Question: Spectral inclusion properties of some unbounded block operator matrices

In this paper, we give the Gershgorin's theorem of the 2 × 2 unbounded block operator matrix with bounded off-diagonal entries, and use the spectrum and the numerical range of diagonal entries to investigatethe spectral inclusion properties of some unbounded block operator matrices. In particular, for unbounded block operator matrices with symmetric (anti-symmetric) corners, we give more exact localization of spectrum by the quadratic numerical range and the Gershgorin's theorem.

We review our recent work on the Schur transformation for scalar generalized Schur and Nevanlinna functions. The Schur transformation is defined for these classes of functions in several situations, and it is used to solve corresponding basic interpolation problems and problems of factorization of rational J-unitary matrix functions into elementary factors. A key role is played by the theory of reproducing kernel Pontryagin spaces and linear relations in these spaces.


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Question: A three-dimensional cellular automaton designed for simulating tumor growth

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This paper constructs a tumor growth model (TGM) based on three-dimensional cellular automaton. The cells of the TGM are divided into normal cells and abnormal cells by their state values. The abnormal cells mean tumor cells and divided into proliferative cells, nonproliferative cells and necrotic cells by their state values. The TGM unifies the evolution rules of the normal cells and abnormal cells including proliferative and nonproliferative cells and necrotic cells. The cells and its neighborhoods and evolution rules of the TGM completely abide by the design principle of standard cellular automata so that virtual experiment and analysis on the TGM can be carried out with the unified theoretical frame of cellular automata.

The Artificial Reaction Network (ARN) is an Artificial Chemistry representation inspired by cell signaling networks. The ARN has previously been applied to the simulation of the chemotaxis pathway of Escherichia coli and to the control of limbed robots. In this paper we discuss the design of an ARN control system composed of a combination of network motifs found in actual biochemical networks. Using this control system we create multiple cell-like autonomous agents capable of coordinating all aspects of their behavior, recognizing environmental patterns and communicating with other agent's stigmergically. The agents are applied to simulate two phases of the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum: vegetative and aggregation phase including the transition. The results of the simulation show that the ARN is well suited for construction of biochemical regulatory networks. Furthermore, it is a powerful tool for modeling multi agent systems such as a population of amoebae or bacterial colony.


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Question: A Theory of Students’ School Outcomes

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The interpretive investigations of unemployed young adults and of postgraduate students, in the previous chapter, highlight the desirability of adopting life-course perspectives for the analysis of family and school influences on students’ school outcomes. It is through such longitudinal investigations that those unexpected or dramatic experiences, which may eventually be so important in determining life chances, can be identified. In addition, the qualitative studies reinforce the claim that to explain family context differences in young adults’ educational opportunities, it is necessary to have sensitive assessments of family and school educational capital, individual characteristics, students’ aspirations and their engagement with schooling.

Post-Structuralism, Ethnography and the Critical Analysis of Educational Reform What is Policy? - Texts, Trajectories and Toolboxes Education, Majorism and the Curriculum of the Dead Education Policy, Power Relations and Teachers' Work Cost, Culture and Control - Self Management and Entrepreneurial Schooling "New Headship" - Schools Leadership, New Relationships and New Tensions Education Markets, Choice and Social Class: The Market as a Class Strategy in the UK and US Competitive Schooling:. Values, Ethics and Cultural Engineering.


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Question: Methodological aspects of modeling household solid waste generation in Japan: Evidence from Okayama and Otsu cities

This paper presents a quantitative methodology and two empirical case studies in Japan on modeling household solid waste (HSW) generation based on individual consumption expenditure (ICE) and local waste policy effects by using the coupled estimation model systems. Results indicate that ICE on food, miscellaneous commodities and services, as well as education, cultural, and recreation services are mainly associated with the changes of HSW generation and its components in Okayama and Otsu from 1980 to 2014. The effects of waste policy measures were also identified. HSW generation in Okayama will increase from 11.60 million tons (mt) in 1980 to 25.02 mt in 2025, and the corresponding figures are 6.82 mt (in 1980) and 14.00 mt (in 2025) in Otsu. To better manage local HSW, several possible and appropriate implications such as promoting a green lifestyle, extending producer responsibility, intensifying recycling and source separation, generalizing composting, and establishing flexible measures and sustainable...

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ABSTRACTThe study investigates the influences of demographic and infrastructural covariates that drive the household water demand in the 198 municipal wards of Bangalore, India. In contrast to prev...


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Question: Song Hotel Redfern, Sydney - Happy Holidays

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This property offers budget hotel and hostel style accommodation. It is located in the south of the city on the corner of Cleveland and Regent Streets just a short stroll from Prince Alfred Park. Also within 10 minutes walk are Sydney University, Ultimo..

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Party Hall At Party Hall, Kumarakom In Anna Nagar, Chennai. Book Your Space Online At BigFday, Review And Save!


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Question: Financial Liberalisation and Economic Development: An Assessment

The financial sector has always played a central role in economic development, but analysis of its precise role has been hampered by the emphasis on 'real' factors in the main stream of economic thought and the static nature of financial theory. Empirical studies confirm the importance of finance to economic development, but are indecisive on the efficaciousness of the widely advocated policies associated with financial liberalisation. To be successful, strategies for financial liberalisation must deal with problems generated by asymmetric information and have policies to promote competition, the disclosure of information and the maintenance of governmental integrity. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2003.

Environmental Challenges, Regulations and Institutions in Saudi Arabia.- Environmental Concerns and Policies in Saudi Arabia.- Environmental Investments.- Incentive Structures.- Environmental Business Channels.- The Way Forward.


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Question: Taking the Fork in the Road: Retooling Electricity Policy

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Abstract The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission needs to mend fences. It should reaffirm its declaration in Order No. 2000 that formation of regional transmission organizations does not pre-empt state regulation. Only with trust restored between federal and state regulators can the nation make progress toward a policy that will serve the interests of consumers.

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It Isn't Luck The Playing Field: What Business Are You In? Strategies: How Do We Play? The Winning Team Leadership: Dr House, Frank Rijkaard and Pep Guardiola Human Resources: Good Criteria and Hygiene Reasons and Emotions on the Negotiating Table Innovation: Science and Art Back To The Future


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E.g. "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'A Pneumatic Sampling FireDetection System inan Underground Haulageway']" == "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'A multipoint fast responsefire detection systemforun- derground haulageways, theconceptofwhichwas developed bythe US BureauofMines(BOM),hasbeendesigned andfabricated by Brunswick Corporationandisundergoing field testing atPlateau Mine inPrice, UT.Thesystem iscomposed ofa centrally located sampling station whichdrawsairfromvarious haulageway locations through tubing wherethesample isanalyzed bya smokedetector. Anygener- atedalarmsignal, aswell assystem performance data, istransmitted to an aboveground monitoring station fromthesmokedetector. Thesys- temdescription, basic design parameters used, thecontrol system de- sign, andthedataretrieval system utilized arepresented.']" != "['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.']"

Question: Epidemiology of intraocular melanoma.

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Intraocular malignant melanoma (IMM) is a relatively rare tumor, but it affects an estimated 2000 people in the United States yearly. It is the most common primary tumor of the eye in adults (Shields 1983). The incidence of IMM has been studied in descriptive studies of populations and in case reports of individuals and families. Because of the rarity of the disease, few analytic studies have been undertaken. We recently completed a case-control study of 509 IMM patients and equal number of patients with detached retinas seen by Dr. Jerry Shields at the Ocular Oncology Service of the Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia. We include preliminary findings from that study in this review.

Purpose ::: To fully elucidate the relationship of serum fibrinogen and the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.


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E.g. "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Day hospital as a therapeutic environment']" == "['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'U radu se iznose teorijski koncepti i njihova primjena u odnosu na organizaciju rada u dnevnoj bolnici.']" != "['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'New concepts of addiction treatment pay greater attention to the organization of qualitative withdrawal. On the ward U2 of the PUK, over 200 drug withdrawals are carried out each year. We report the demographic characteristics of our patient sample, quantify their withdrawal symptoms and describe the range of therapeutic techniques applied. We emphasize the necessity for an efficacious pharmacotherapy to minimize the drop-out rate.']"

Question: Afghanistan: Soviet Invasion and U.S. Response

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has raised a number of serious issues and choices for the United States. The train of events seem likely to have an important influence on overall American foreign policy in the 1980s. Reassessment of Soviet motives and of U.S. roles in the world are already in progress. Emerging American attitudes, in turn, will shape more specific policy decisions on several issues, which this issue brief discusses.

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Contents: Acknowledgements Key Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations Introduction: Themes and Issues Britain and the Yemen Civil War: Prelude to Intervention The Legacy of Yemeni Irredentism: The Debate over Recognition of the YAR Between Whitehall and the White House: Anglo-American Relations A Constrained Response: The Limits of Covert Action The Mercenary Operations: British Subterfuge and the French Connection A Very British Affair': The Guerrilla Campaign, October 1963-September 1964 Plus ca change, plus la meme chose': The Labour Government, Aden, and the Yemen Civil War From the Jaws of Victory': The Political Defeat of Britain in South Arabia Conclusion: Political Conviction and the BMO Notes Bibliography Index.


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Question: The Effects of Erbao Granules on Gastrin in Juvenile Animal Model with Anorexia

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The juvenile rat model with anorexia was established by imitating the major cause of children anorexia, and then was treated with Erbao Granules. Gastrin in hypothalamous, antrum pyloricum and plasma in the model rats were examined by radioimmunoassay(RIA).The result showed that there was an obvious decrease of gastrin in antrum pyloricum of the model which can be cured by Erbao Granules. It was suggested that Erbao Granules could increase the secretion of gastrin in antrum pyloricumof this model.

Willner: Methods for Assessing the Validity of Animal Models of Human Psychopathology. Lyon: Animal Models with Parallels to Schizophrenia. Schmajuk/Tyberg: The Hippocampal Lesion Model of Schizophrenia. Martin-Iverson: An Animal Model of Stimulant Psychoses. Ellison: Animal Models of Hallucinations: Continuous Stimulants. Lyon: Animal Models for the Symptoms of Mania. Rosengarten/Schweitzer/Friedhoff: Animal Models in Tardive Dyskinesia. Pierce/Epling: Activity Anorexia: An Animal Model and Theory of Human Self-Starvation. Feldon/Weiner: An Animal Model of Attention Deficit. Ellison/See: A Computerized Methodology for the Study of Neuroleptic-Induced Oral Dyskinesias. Index.


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Question: A method for performing an insulation test to an electrical system of an electrically powered vehicle

The invention relates to a method for performing an insulation test on an electrical unit (38) of an electrically driven vehicle, in which a test voltage provided by a vehicle-side insulation monitoring means (10) with which a test isolation of the electrical system (38) is applied, wherein by means of an operating state detection unit, a suitable for carrying out the insulation test operation state of the electrical system (38) is detected (12), a time period for applying the insulation with the test voltage is determined (14), the isolation of the test voltage for the determined period of time applied (16) is detected, a time measuring voltage profile across the insulation and the measured voltage curve evaluated for determining a result of the insulation test (18).

A voltage detector assembly employed in hydraulic systems, comprising a hydraulic power unit having a hydraulic cylinder with a piston, a hydraulic fluid reservoir connected with the hydraulic cylinder, a pump operated by a motor connected with the hydraulic fluid reservoir and a wireless module. A battery is connected to the hydraulic power unit by means of a start solenoid that transfers power from the battery to the motor of the hydraulic power unit. A digital remote is connected to the hydraulic power unit and the battery through the start solenoid. The digital display registers available battery power in volts during upstroke and down stroke of the hydraulic system. The wireless module includes a radio frequency (RF) wireless unit and a Bluetooth transmitter/receiver that allows a user to measure the battery voltage level through wireless communication.


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Question: condensing process for the production of chewing gum based fruit snacks

The present invention relates to food products and methods used in their preparation. The present invention relates to intermediate moisture food products are dried fruit based food products and more particularly to methods used in preparing these products.

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Comprising low density chocolate confectionery products and methods for producing the confectionery product is surrounded by a sugar-based coating. Confectionery products even at elevated ambient temperatures is resistant reservoirs.


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Question: Communication and Dialogue——The way to resolve the conflicts between cultures and religions

The main cause of the world conflicts is no longer the clash between opposing ideologies.The differences between two cultures are increasingly becoming a major cause of disturbances in the world order.In particular,conflicts between different religions have become a profoundly complex element in disturbances in the world.Thus,in today's changeable international situation,communication and dialogue between cultures and between religions have become a vitally important method of arriving at mutual understanding.Communication and dialogue have real strategic meaning for correctly handling relationships between people of different cultures and religions and for allowing these relationships to develop healthily.

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Theoretical framework. Understanding decision making processes: the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Disinformation about the evolving situation in Europe. Dynamic relations between Japan and the USA. Final assessments.


Question:
represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract

E.g.
'['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Filtering of Linear Systems With Unknown Inputs']' == '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'State estimation of linear systems under the influence of both unknown deterministic inputs as well as Gaussian noise is considered. A Kalman like filter is developed which does not require the estimation of the unknown inputs as is customarily practiced. Therefore, the developed filter has reduced computational requirements. Comparative simulation results, under the influence of various types of unknown disturbance inputs, show the merits of the developed filter with respect to a conventional Kalman filter using disturbance estimation. it is found that the developed filter enjoys several practical advantages in terms of accuracy and fast tracking of the system states.']' != '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.']'

Question: Biology Characteristics and Disease Control of Psevdobagrus vachelli

Psevdobagrus vachelli is a mild water fish, with extensive adaptation, quick growth, and omnivorous food. The food resources are very broad. It has a high resistance to fish lousiness, ichthyophthiriasis , enteritis and fungous diseases. Artificial multiplying is still at the exploring stage. This fish can be used as eco fishery variety and has a bright future.

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In the investigation on Bamboo pests, 6 species of parasitic wasps were reared from scale insects and bugs. They are as follows: Anagyrus quadrimaculatus Xu et He, sp. n. from Eriococcus transversus; Ooencyrtus longivenosus Xu et He, sp. n. from Hippotiscus dorsalis; Zaomma eriococci (Tachikawa) from Nesticoccus sinenta (hyperparasicoid) China first recorded; Cheiloneurus claviger Thomson from N. sinensis (hyperparasitoid); Eusemion cornigerum (Walker) from N. sinensis (hyperparasitoid) and Homalotylus flaminius Dalman from Exochomus (Xanthocorus) nigronZaginatus. All specimens are deposited in the Lab of Biologicsl control, Zhejiang Agricultural University.


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Question: Physical and Sensory Properties of Chicken Patties Made with Varying Proportions of White and Dark Spent Fowl Muscle

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Spent fowl was flaked and formulated to include: (1) 100% dark meat; (2) 75% dark meat, 25% white meat; (3) 50% dark meat, 50% white meat; (4) 25% dark meat, 75% white meat; and (5) 100% white meat. Patties were made and half from each formulation were coated with calcium alginate. Proximate analysis of patties before and after cooking, calculation of cooking loss, and evaluations for textual properties and sensory attributes were performed. As the proportion of white meat increased, the samples contained less fat, had less cooking loss and shrinkage, and received higher sensory preference scores. Patties coated with calcium alginate were more desirable in texture, flavor, juiciness, and overall palatability as compared to the controls.

Preface Raw Materials Fats and Oils Processing Fats and Oils Analysis Fats and Oils Formulation Shortening Types Baking Shortenings Frying Shortenings Dairy Analog Shortenings Household Shortenings Margarine Liquid Oils Quality Management Troubleshooting


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Question: Sustained pulmonary hypertension in surgical patients.

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Twenty-two consecutive critically ill surgical patients who had a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter inserted as part of their intensive care unit therapy were studied prospectively. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 17 patients whose pulmonary artery diastolic pressure minus pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PADP-PAWP) gradient was less than 5 mm Hg or if greater than 5 mm Hg persisted for less than 12 hours. Group II was composed of 5 patients whose PADP-PAWP gradient was greater than 5 mm Hg for at least 12 hours or more. The two groups were equally matched in terms of risk factors that predispose to anelevated gradient or factors that falsely lower the gradient

Background ::: Macitentan is a new endothelin receptor antagonist that is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in humans. Treatment of established pulmonary hypertension with macitentan was studied using the monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension.


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Question: An economic analysis of China's food security

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According to the food security defined by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the research by the scholars at home and abroad,the index system indicating food security includes fluctuation index,food reserve ration,food self-sufficiency ratio and per capita grain possession.Judging from the current situation,the grain supply and demand in China will be under tight balance in a long period of time,and supply-demand gap may occur.The crucial factors in the Chinese food security are resource scarcity,low comparative income of farming,low contribution rate of science and technology,natural disaster,population growth and foreign trade.To guarantee the food security of our country,greater efforts should be devoted to protecting the arable making,making the favourable policies,ensuring the steady growth of grain,and refining the sci-technological supporting system.

This study makes a preliminary analysis of the strategies related to the standardization of Chinese sports facilities to provide a base for their development.


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Question: Investigation of Blade Vibration T55-L-11C Compressor Stages 1 and 2,

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Abstract : A vibration survey of the first and second stage compressor blades on the T55-L-11C engine was conducted following the manufacturer's warning that the proposed fitting of locally designed intake screens might lead to blade vibration problems. Vibration tests and a simple analysis indicated a possible resonance region. Special statistical methods for small samples were used to fully define tolerance limits for this region and establish confidence levels in the limits. Operators were initially advised to restrict operation in the potential resonance region. Subsequent intake flow tests demonstrated that the screens generated no abnormal excitation, so the restrictions could be discontinued. (Author)

Experimental Studies Were Carried Out With Ejectors Having 2D And Multi Jet Nozzles To Determine If They Could Be Adopted To Drive A Low Speed Tunnel .A Model Tunnel Was Constructed And Results Obtained From Different Ejector Configurations Have Been Compared. ::: ::: The Study Suggests That An Annular Ejector Is Promising As A Candidate Configuration For Further Work Leading To An Application As A Wind Tunnel Drive.


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Question: The Sugar Tolerance of Alcoholic Patients

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

For example, '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'In this paper we describe the computational and architectural requirements for systems which support real-time multimodal interaction with an embodied conversational character. We argue that the three primary design drivers are real-time multithreaded entrainment, processing of both interactional and propositional information, and an approach based on a functional understanding of human face-to-face conversation. We then present an architecture which meets these requirements and an initial conversational character that we have developed who is capable of increasingly sophisticated multimodal input and output in a limited application domain.']' should be close to '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Requirements for an Architecture for Embodied Conversational Characters']'

Summary and Conclusions The sugar tolerance was studied in a group of 18 alcoholic patients. On admission there was a marked diminution of the sugar tolerance, which improved after one week in the hospital on a normal diet. It is suggested that the diminished tolerance was due to an undernourished state previous to admission.

Increasing Rate of Mortality Due to HIV/AIDS in Iranian Chil-dren: An Alarm for Health Policymakers


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Question: Faraday's law for relativistic and deformed motion of a circuit

In a recent letter, Ares-de-Parga and Rosales (1989) have noted that Faraday's law of induction requires extension in order to apply to situations in which circuits undergo deformation as they move and in which the motion may be relativistic. This paper supplies a new expression for Faraday's law valid in a reference frame in which all parts of a circuit move at relativistic velocities. The expression is rendered as a line integral of the electric field around the circuit contour in the rest frame of a rigidly-moving circuit, or collection of instantaneously co-moving rest frames of the individual segments of a circuit that experiences deformation.

In the present comment, we emphasize the existence of a theorem on the equivalence of a polarized medium with an electric charged system in the dynamic case. This equivalence allows a consistent treatment of the polarization problem for a macroscopic medium.


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Question: The Enlightenment of Urban Management Practices Abroad to Our Country

Urbanization accelerates sharply in our country,urban management is particularly important. This thesis starts from the strict law in France,meticulous urban design in Germany,high level of social service in Iran and people-oriented concept of urban management in Canada,analyzes the successful experience of foreign urban management. And on this basis,the thesis gives full consideration to the development level in our country,puts forward constructive suggestions to improve the social security system,improve the urban management system,improve the participation of public and social organization,enhance the level of science and technology support,innovate city management,gives reference for government management department.

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Introduction: What Is the Challenge? Does China Have an "Infinite" World Market Frontier? Is China Able to Innovate? Is China Capable to Innovate? Can the Chinese Government Accommodate Innovation? Beyond the Last Frontier: Can Global Capitalism be Saved? Conclusions Bibliography Index