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Question: Development of a blood pressure monitoring system for home health application

A wireless physiological parameter monitoring system is presented in this paper for home health application. This system includes real time continuous collection and evaluation of physiological parameters like blood pressure, pulse rate and fall of an elderly at home. A reliable wireless personal area network like bluetooth has been used for this purpose. The hardware design of this system consists of sensors, PIC microcontroller, bluetooth module and mobile phone/laptop. This system provides safe and accurate monitoring. It also gives the freedom of movement.

In this study, an electronic home care visit platform: Nurse's e-Bag integrating popular distributed technologies, mobile hardware, and bio sensor was developed. This implementation is based on the service model of the home care center at National Taipei College of Nursing(NTCN) Hospital, which is one of the branch hospitals of National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) and serves as the disposition and case management for long term care. For enhancing the efficiency and quality care for home visiting nurses, e-Bag was introduced to integrate with a mobile electronic home care records system and become one application part of NTUH U-Care system and also an electronic home care visit platform. Light weighted Nurse's e-Bag not only reduces the loading comparing to the traditional home healthcare, but also provides the teleconsultation when home visiting nurse encounters problems at the patient's home.


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Question: Phenomenological modelling : Present .... and future?

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The paper summarizes the present position of second-moment closure and outlines possible directions for future development. It is first argued that a simple form of second-moment treatment that has been widely used for computing industrial flows gives demonstrably superior predictive accuracy than any eddy-viscosity model. More complex schemes, now in the final phases of development, that exactly satisfy various limiting constraints, give a further marked improvement in our ability to mimic the response of turbulence to external inputs. The inclusion of such models into commercial software over the next few years is quite feasible.

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Practices and perspectives of research evaluation, Part 1 ::: ::: From ad hoc evaluation to monitoring systems


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Question: Novel Structural Analogues of Glyphosate Based on Azoles. Part 1. Synthesis of 1H-Imidazoles Containing Carboxyl and Phosphoryl Groups in the Ring.

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A general method for the synthesis of 1H-imidazoles containing a phosphoryl and a carboxyl group is developed and applied to the preparation of glyphosate mimetic (VII).

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This account relates our quest for effective syntheses of 3-acyltetramic acids and also presents examples of our group’s increasing audacity to tackle the more intricate structural varieties of this compound class. 1 Introduction 2 A New Wittig-Based Access to Tetramic Acids 3 3-Acyltetramic Acids with Linear Side Chains 4 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acids 5 O - and N -Glycosylated 3-Acyltetramic Acids 6 Macrocyclic 3-Acyltetramic Acids 7 Miscellaneous Reactions 8 Whither to go from Here?


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Question: The Transformation of Economic Society and the Construction of the Teaching-service-oriented University

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The transformation of economic society will cause the change of higher education.To construct the teaching-service-oriented university is the necessary need of social economy development,science and technology development and higher education development.In the period of the massification of China higher education,the teaching-service-oriented university appeared to promote the integrity of knowledge and local economic social development,to construct the new model of teaching and research,and to set up new organization systems and resource allocation regulation in the university.Then,the teaching-serviceoriented university is of openness,applicability,diversity,and regionality.The key to realize the transformation of teaching-service-oriented university includes the leadership full of service spirit,the school-running pattern of transition,joint training of applied talents,cooperation of application research and experimental development,and the compatible organization system.

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The Democratic Deficit of Knowledge Economies S.Sorlin & H.Vessuri Knowledge, Power and Politics: The Role of the Intellectual In An Age of Transition I.Wallerstein Modes of Knowledge and Patterns of Power M.Kogan Knowledge, Theory, and Tension Between Local and Universal Knowledge R.F.Retamar Universities and Society: Whose Terms of Engagement? M.Singh Knowledge Functions and the Role of the University A.Arimoto Knowledge, Culture, and Politics: The Status of Women in the Arab World F.Charaffeddine The Hybridization of Knowledge: Science and Local Knowledge in Support of Sustainable Development H.Vessuri Knowledge, Globalization, and Hegemony: The Production of Knowledge in the 21st Century P.T.Zeleza


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Question: The evaluation of the design and operation of the 400MW evaporative cooling hydrogenerator in LiJiaXia hydropower station

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The 400MW evaporative cooling hydrogenerator in Lijiaxia hydropower station has been serving for more than 15 years. This paper gives a comprehensive evaluation of this unit from cooling mode selection, electrical magnetic scheme design, operating practice and temperature distribution. The application of the evaporative cooling technology to 400MW-grade hydrogenerator shows great advantages comparing with the same capacity air cooling units, which demonstrates the correct of design and the stability and safety of long-term operation.

With the rising demand for on-line ash fouling monitoring of heating surfaces of utility boilers,fouling monitoring models of furnace,convective heating surfaces are established.An on-line ash fouling monitoring system of boiler surfaces has been developed and successfully applied for the 1025t/h boiler in a power plant 300MW unit.


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Question: Performance of stochastic Runge-Kutta Methods in approximating the solution of stochastic model in biological system

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Recently, modelling the biological systems by using stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are becoming an interest among researchers. In SDEs the random fluctuations are taking into account, which resulting to the complexity of finding the exact solution of SDEs and contribute to the increasing number of research focusing in finding the best numerical approach to solve the systems of SDEs. This paper will examine the performance of 4-stage stochastic Runge-Kutta (SRK4) and specific stochastic Runge-Kutta (SRKS) methods with order 1.5 in approximating the solution of stochastic model in biological system. A comparative study of SRK4 and SRKS method will be presented in this paper. The non-linear biological model will be used to examine the performance of both methods and the result of numerical experiment will be discussed.

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Preface.- 1 Auxiliary Materials.- 2 Global attractors for autonomous evolution equations.- 3 Verifying life science models containing diffusion, transport and interaction of species.- 4 Positivity criterion for systems of stochastic PDEs.- Existence and longtime behaviour of a biofilm model.- 6 The blood coagulation cascade in a perfusion experiment: example from pharmaceutical industry.- Index.


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Question: New Demands and Alternative Resources for a More Ambitious EU Budget

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The stabilisation of business cycles is a recognized task within any economic union. Against this background, EU stabilisation policy does not only need new instruments on the expenditure side, but would also benefit from a reform of budgetary revenues. In order to strengthen the role of the stabilisation objective, some proposals for alternative resources are summarized in the paper. Furthermore it is argued that - in the medium term - it would be useful to combine new genuine EU resources such as a surcharge on corporate taxes or a Tobin tax with the existent GNI-based resource. While the first two have several advantages derived from fiscal theory, the GNI-based resource would politically still be needed in order to level off disproportionate effects between Member States. At the same time it should be feasible for the EU budget to abandon the VAT-based resource.

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Preface * Introduction: Civil Society and Transnational Action * Consumers Unite Internationally * Trade Unions in a Changing World: Challenges and Opportunities of Transnationalization * Campaign to Increase Access to HIV/ARIDS Drugs * Jubilee 2000: Laying the Foundations for a Social Movement * The Age of Protest: Internet-Based 'Dot Causes' and the 'Anti-Globalization' Movement * World Social forum: Making Another world Possible? Campaign for a 'Robin Hood Tax' for Foreign Exchange Markets * Conclusions: Globalizing Civic Engagement * References and Interviews * Index


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Question: Glymatrix revealed: New collagen implant shows safety, durability

A new collagen implant safely and effectively corrects nasolabial folds for up to a year, according to a pivotal trial.

The ability to apply nanomaterials as targeted delivery agents for drugs and other therapeutics holds promise for a wide variety of diseases, including many types of cancer. A nanodelivery vehicle must demonstrate in vivo efficacy, diminished or no toxicity, stability, improved pharmacokinetics, and controlled-release kinetics. In this issue, Lee et al. construct polymer nanobins that fulfill these requirements and demonstrate effective delivery of doxorubicin in vivo to breast cancer cells. This Perspective explores the outlook for these nanobins as well as other technologies in this field and the challenges that lie ahead.


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Question: Novel Variant of the Androgen Receptor Gene in a Patient With Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Polyorchidism

Introduction: Complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS) in 65–95% cases is caused by pathogenic allelic variants (mutations) in the gene encoding androgen receptor (AR gene) and is characterized by female phenotype development with a male karyotype (46, XY). Patients are usually diagnosed during puberty and undergo gonadectomy due to increased testicular germ cell tumor risk. Only a few outcomes have been reported in older individuals with postponed gonadectomy. ::: ::: Case presentation: A 48-year-old CAIS patient presented with polyorchidism (four testes) without gonadal malignancies. Genetic testing identified a novel allelic variant in the AR gene [c.2141T>G (p.Phe805Cys)] causing the clinical symptoms. ::: ::: Conclusion: We have described a unique patient with CAIS and polyorchidism without malignancies in her late 40's bearing a novel likely pathogenic variant in the AR gene.

Management of Bleeding Using Recombinant Factor VIIa in a Patient Suffering from Bleeding Tendency due to a Lupus Anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia Syndrome -


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Question: The isomorphism of Chinese universities alongside its expansion: An analysis of its trend, dynamics and consequences

One of the consequences of the expansion of China's higher education (HE) section is the isomorphism of universities in terms of subject, disciplines and course arrangements. Many questions arise: To what extent has the isomorphism become a matter in Chinese universities? What are the major causes for such isomorphism? What are the consequences on the development of the HE sector, and on the employment and career development of HE graduates? These questions will be considered through a combination of secondary data analysis based upon national education statistics and a case study of Shaanxi-a leading province in HE development in China.

China began its Master of Education (EdM) programmes in 1997. There has been remarkable progress as well as certain challenges. The article reviews the development of EdM programmes in China through the focus of curriculum development.


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Question: Library: HWST 255 - The Hawaiian Kingdom: Origins & Settlement

Selected information resources on the development of Hawaiian political systems through the 19th century Austronesian & Polynesian origins & settlement of the Hawaiian Islands

Table of Contents - 6 List of Tables, Figures, and Photographs - 8 Acknowledgements - 10 Introduction - 12 1. Opening Reflections: Northeastern Thai Ethnoregionalism Updated - 18 2. Transforming Agrarian Transformation in a Globalizing Thailand - 30 3. Local Leaders and the State in Thailand - 40 4. Roots of Ongoing Conflict: Reflections on Andrew Turton's Analysis of Thailand in the 1970s - 48 5. Censorship and Authoritative Forms of Discourse: A Reconsideration of Thai Constructions of Knowledge - 60 6. 'Modernising Subjects': Moral-Political Contests in Thailand's Drive Toward Modernity - 76 7. An Early Critical Foray into Participationin Thailand - 90 8. Thai Institutions of Slavery: Their Economic and Cultural Setting - 104 9. British Diplomatic Missions to Tai States in the Early Modern Period: A Reappraisal - 116 Appendix - 128 Notes on Contributors - 134 References - 138 Index - 154


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Question: Dreams as a Reflection of Progress: A Case of Paranoid Schizophrenia

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A client I will call Eric had an active relationship with a team of mental health workers. I worked in collaboration with them doing homeopathy and energy work with Eric for 4 years. The vividness of his dreams provided a reflection of his internal state of being. This article will track the progress of the case by the content of his dreams. Changes in his dreams and hallucinations indicated his improvement; this information was instrumental in reducing and finally eliminating all medications and restoring health.

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Willner: Methods for Assessing the Validity of Animal Models of Human Psychopathology. Lyon: Animal Models with Parallels to Schizophrenia. Schmajuk/Tyberg: The Hippocampal Lesion Model of Schizophrenia. Martin-Iverson: An Animal Model of Stimulant Psychoses. Ellison: Animal Models of Hallucinations: Continuous Stimulants. Lyon: Animal Models for the Symptoms of Mania. Rosengarten/Schweitzer/Friedhoff: Animal Models in Tardive Dyskinesia. Pierce/Epling: Activity Anorexia: An Animal Model and Theory of Human Self-Starvation. Feldon/Weiner: An Animal Model of Attention Deficit. Ellison/See: A Computerized Methodology for the Study of Neuroleptic-Induced Oral Dyskinesias. Index.


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Question: View Invariant Action Recognition using ANFIS

Nowadays action recognition is very important for many applications such as video surveillance, event detection, human–computer interaction, and etc. Especially view-invariant action recognition is hot and difficult as well in this field. In this paper, a video-based view-invariant action to be recognized using ANFIS. The recognition process divided into three stages. First, motion detection is used to extract motion information from videos, which is much more efficient than traditional background modeling and tracking based methods. Second, as for feature representation, we exact variety of statistical information from motion and view-invariant feature based on cross ratio. Finally, in the action modeling, to apply a Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. To model motion patterns and view invariants, using ANFIS approach. It learns the rules and membership functions from motion and view-invariant action.

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These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


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Question: Simultaneous occurrence of adult celiac disease and lymphocytic thyroiditis.

A 28-year-old woman evaluated for paresthesias, chronic diarrhea, and an enlarged thyroid gland proved to have celiac sprue and lymphocytic thyroiditis. The immunopathologic similarities of these two disorders may be more than coincidental.

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A patient with allergy to insulin experienced reactive lymphadenopathy and, later, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy; all occurred within 18 months. It is suggested that insulin may be added to the list of drugs associated with the appearance of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.


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The provided query could be '['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Gertrude and Elizabeth: Letters, Lives and Fictions']' and the positive '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'This paper was first given as the Dorothy Green lecture at the Conference of the Association for the Study of Australian Literature at James Cook University, Cairns, in July 2002. That ASAL has chosen to honour the work of a woman whose achievements, both academic and creative, were not, perhaps, in her lifetime given the institutionalized, public recognition they warranted is significant, and has a bearing on the topic of this paper. It draws on epistolary theory, and theories of epistolary fiction, of women’s letter writing, of autobiography and autobiographical memory. Concerned as it is with women’s letters, lives and fictions––specifically Elizabeth Jolley’s Georges’ Wife trilogy —it became a tribute not only to Dorothy Green, but also to Elizabeth Jolley herself.']' and the negative '['', 'Acknowledgements - Introduction - Family Fluidity - Time and Thought -Visions of Childhood - Literacy and Learning - The Single Girl - Love and Marriage - Births and Babies - Fertility Limitation - Conclusions - Bibliography - Index']'

Question: Bankruptcy, Investment, and Financial Constraints: Evidence from the Czech Republic

Using investment–cash flow sensitivity to analyze financial constraints over the period 2006–2011 in the Czech Republic, we find that healthy companies were financially constrained both before and after the 2008 crisis. There is robust evidence that both the cash flow and the level of debt have a positive and significant impact on the investment rate. Although companies going bankrupt had significantly higher levels of external debt and bank loans, they did not manifest any investment–cash flow sensitivity in the pre-crisis period, which indicates that they were probably not financially constrained at all. After the 2008 crisis, companies that would later declare bankruptcy began to become financially constrained as well.

Contents: Foreword Preface Part I: Agenda 1. Is the Flying-Geese Theory Passe-or Still Relevant? Part II: Real-Sector Growth: Industrial Upgrading 2. Akamatsu's Flying-Geese Theory - in the Rough 3. A Dynamic Stages Model of Structural Upgrading, Industrial Transplantation, and Knowledge Diffusion 4. Comparative Advantage Recycling in Labor-Driven Growth: An Unprecedented Opportunity for the Poor to Rise? 5. Structural Upgrading, Infrastructure Development, and Insatiable Quest for Natural Resources 6. The Asian Model for Latin America? A Tale of Two Regions Part III: Money/Finance Dimension of Flying-Geese-Style Growth 7. Borrowed Growth: Balance of Payments, Capital Flows, and Development Finance 8. Creating the World in America's Own Image? Bibliography Index


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Question: Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration

So far our discussion has been about systems that are either at rest or in a state of uniform motion. This topic introduces the idea of accelerated motion but, for the moment, without any reference to the forces that cause it.

This chapter contains sections titled: Concept of Frequency Important Parameters of Frequency Distribution Theory of Probability Probability Distribution Model Sampling Theory Statistical Decision Making Conclusions References


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Question: A rare case of disseminated cysticercosis

Cysticercosisis a common tropical disease. One of the uncommon manifestations and a rare complication is its disseminated form. Here we report a patient who presented with the history of headache, vomiting, convulsions and altered sensorium. On examination found to have multiple non tender nodular lesions palpable over muscles of limbs and subcutaneous tissue of the body. CT and MRI of brain, whole body screening, Biopsy and histopathology of subcutaneous nodules, Serology all reports were suggestive of cysticercosis. Patient was diagnosed as a case of disseminated cysticercosis (DCC) and treated accordingly.

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We report a case of perihepatic adhesion due to severe endometriosis.


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Question: Disseminated intravascular coagulation.

The diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with intracranial pathology is discussed. This pathological entity is characterized by a diffuse bleeding diathesis. Laboratory studies suggest a consumption of all clotting and fibrinolytic factors with an elevation of fibrin split products as a sign of the fibrinolytic activity. The treatment consists of the administration of packed platelets and fresh frozen plasma to replace the consumed coagulation factors. Heparinization is recommended early to prevent further consumption of coagulation factors and epsilon-aminocaproic acid is recommended later after acute fibrinolysis is diagnosed. Constant coaguloanalytic monitoring is necessary. Although the etiology with massive injury to brain tissue is possibly secondary to autotransfusion of brain tissue thromboplastin, other causes such as hypotension, anoxia, acidosis and hemolysis must be considered.

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Described here is an autopsy case of a 30-year-old woman with systemic hemangiomatosis accompanied by coagulopathy and mlcroanpiopathfc hemoly-tic anemia. She had hepato-splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplaetin time, and fibrinogenopenia. A splenectomy was performed and a diffuse angioma of the spleen was found. Postmortem examination revealed cavernous hemanguomas and hemangioendotheliomatous lesions in the liver, bone marrow, inteetine, and lymph nodes. Coagulation studies suggested that exacerbation of coagulopathy occurred due to Liniac (10MV X-ray) irradiation. Our observation raised the possibility that the irradiation might lead to chronic localized consumption coagulopathy, which was confined to the hemangioma, to acute disseminated types of intravascular coagulation.


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Question: Jacobian-determinant equation in the critical Besov spaces

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Let Ω be a bounded domain in ℝn with smooth boundary. Here we consider the following Jacobian-determinant equation ::: ::: $$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\det \nabla u\left( x \right) = f\left( x \right),}&{x \in \Omega ;} \\ {u\left( x \right) = x,}&{x \in \partial \Omega ,} \end{array}} \right.$$ ::: ::: where f is a function on Ω with minΩf = δ > 0 and ∫Ωf(x)dx = |Ω|. We prove that if \(f \in B_{p1}^{\frac{n}{p}}\left( \Omega \right)\) for some p ∈ (n,∞), then there exists a solution \(u \in B_{p1}^{\frac{n}{p} + 1}\left( \Omega \right) \subset {C^1}\left( \Omega \right)\) to this equation. On the other hand, we give a simple example such that u ∈ C01(ℝ2,ℝ2) while det∇u does not lie in \(B_{p1}^{\frac{2}{p}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^{}}} \right)\) for any p < ∞.

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Sufficient conditions of convergence and rate of convergence for Lagrange type interpolation in the weighted Lp norm on an arbitrary system of nodes are given.


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Question: A NOTE ON THE LANGLANDS CLASSIFICATION AND IRREDUCIBILITY OF INDUCED REPRESENTATIONS OF p-ADIC GROUPS

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In this paper, we present a proof of the Langlands classification of the irreducible admissible representations of reductive p-adic groups. Then we deduce certain irreducibility results for parabolically induced modules from discrete series representations.

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SEVERAL ASPECTS, BOTH PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL, OF THE WAY TO OBTAIN INTEGRAL AND INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR SUSPENSION BRIDGE PROBLEMS ARE ANALYSED. BOTH THE CASE OF EQUAL LOADING ON THE CABLES AND TORSION EFFECTS ARE DEALT WITH, EMPHASIZING THE CONVENIENCE OF THE APPROACH FOR DIGITAL COMPUTER CALCULATION. APPLICATION IS MADE TO THE CASE OF A SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH A CONSTANT OR VARIABLE RIGIDITY STIFFENING TRUSS. /RRL/A/


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Question: The Hague district court dismisses excessive pricing claim against former legal monopolist publisher (Stichting SDU Gedupeerden / SDU Uitgevers)

On 4 March 2015, the The Hague district court ruled on an excessive pricing claim brought against SDU, a former legal monopolist and a publisher of government and company information . Applying…

Research protocol Fatigue in Brain Tumor Patients (Short Title in Dutch: Vermoeidheid bij Patienten met een Hersentumor). Final version, 31 July 2012.


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Question: The (In)validity of Supercrip Representation of Paralympian Athletes

This article provides a critical overview of the viability of the “supercrip” iconography as an appropriate representation of Paralympic athletes. It focuses on its validity as a vehicle for the empowerment of individuals with impairments both within the context of elite sport and broader society. This type of representation may be seen by the able moral majority as enlightened. However, supercrip narratives may have a negative impact on the physical and social development of disabled individuals by reinforcing what could be termed “achievement syndrome”—the impaired are successful in spite of their disability. The authors will focus on the implications of the use of language and images embodied in supercrip iconography, relying on examples of two European Paralympic awareness campaigns disseminated through mainstream media.

1. Prologue: Exchange, Diaspora, and Globalization 2. Maori Rugby and Subversion: Creativity, Domestication, Oppression and Decolonization 3. Rugby, Pacific Peoples, and the Cultural Politics of National Identity in New Zealand 4. Changes in Assumptions about Australian Indigenous Footballers: From Exclusion to Enlightenment 5. Transnational Understandings of Australian Aboriginal Sporting Migration: Sporting Walkabout 6. Pacific Islanders and American Football: Hula Hula Honeys, Throwin' Samoans and the Rock 7. Performing Polynesian Masculinities in American Football: From 'Rainbows to Warriors' 8. Surfing in Early Twentieth-Century Hawai'i: The Appropriation of a Transcendent Experience to Competitive American Sport 9. Epilogue: Colonial Legacies, Postcolonial Predicaments


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Question: Trace Element Geochemistry of Black Shales in Singhbhum Mobile Belt, Eastern India: Implications For Source Rock and Paleoredox Conditions

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Studied black shales from Singhbhum Mobile Belt (SMB), eastern India are enriched in chalcophile elements such as Cu, Ni, Co, V and Cr and radioactive elements such as Th and U relative to North American Shale Com- posite (NASC). Their chondrite normalized light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment and heavy rare earth element (HREE) deple- tion indicates that the rare earth element (REE) concentrations decreased gradually from Gd to Lu rather than severely affected by the diagenesis and weathering processes. The comparison of immobile element ratios (Th/Sc, Th/Co, Th/Cr, Cr/Th, and La/Sc) of studied samples with those of sediments derived from felsic rocks, basic rocks, Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and Post Archean Aus- tralian Shale (PAAS) showed that the source of studied shales were generally felsic in nature. High U (0.39 to 11) content, significant negative Ce anomaly and ratios (Ni/Co, V/Cr and V/(V+Ni)) supports in favour of their reducing depositional environment.

Mining Non-ferrous Metals The Environmental Impact of Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon Revegetation of Metalliferous Wastes and Land After Metal Mining Vegetative Remediation at Superfund Sites Green Coal Mining Methane Emissions from Coal Mining Constructing Ecosystems and Detecting their Connectivity to the Larger Ecological Landscape The Discharge of Waters from Active and Abandoned Mines Environmental Best-practice in Metals Production. Subject Index.


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Question: Digital Processing of Speckle Images

Abstract : A digital simulation of an image with speckle noise from coherent illumination was developed and verified by comparison with experimentally obtained imagery. The digital simulation was then used to obtain detection probability statistics and to evaluate the utility of several digital filtering techniques for speckle reduction. Homomorphic Wiener filtering produced the best noise reduction with the least degradation in image resolution.

Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.


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Question: Developing Asia and the Electricity Sector: Dynamics, Trends and Policy Implications

A comparison of the electricity sectors in 14 developing Asian economies (DAEs) shows that DAEs are increasingly relying on coal to meet electricity needs, while most of them are far below the world average in terms of nuclear energy and renewable power utilization; East Asian economies generally perform better than the world median on operational efficiency but below the world median on electric energy intensity reduction; and South Asian economies in general, are below world medial levels on both the two measures.

Environmental Challenges, Regulations and Institutions in Saudi Arabia.- Environmental Concerns and Policies in Saudi Arabia.- Environmental Investments.- Incentive Structures.- Environmental Business Channels.- The Way Forward.


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Question: Accommodation energy of formation and dissolution for a misfitting precipitate in an elastic - plastic matrix

Hydride precipitation and dissolution in a zirconium matrix have been simulated numerically using a finite element technique. The evolution of the accommodation energy associated with such phase transformations has been evaluated for isotropic and anisotropic misfitting hydrides in an infinite stress-free body. It was found that there is an optimal hydride shape for which the accommodation energy required for hydride precipitation or dissolution is a minimum. It was also found that the accommodation energy gap (i.e. the free energy gap) that exists between hydride precipitation and dissolution is smaller than the value previously calculated.

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ABSTRACTOrdered B2 precipitates typically nucleate at the grains-boundaries of fcc-based high entropy alloys. Here, we report a novel mixed-mode coupled displacive-diffusional transformation result...


Question: Theoretical zenith angle distribution of atmospheric MeV gamma radiation at high balloon altitudes

A simple model is developed in order to interpret the recently measured zenith angle distribution of MeV γ rays in the upper atmosphere, which shows a maximum of intensity at angles around 120° (upward moving direction). Because γ ray production by electron bremsstrahlung is by far the most important process in this energy range, an attempt has been made to derive the γ ray source functions within the atmosphere from measured electron fluxes. The transport of γ rays from their source position to the detector altitude is simulated in a Monte Carlo calculation. The calculation shows that the observed maximum around zenith angles of 120° is caused by those γ rays which were originally ejected preferentially in the horizontal direction but which were Compton-scattered on their way to the detector. Because the mean Compton scattering angle and the scattering probability depend on energy, the maximum in the zenith angle distribution varies with energy: with increasing energy it is more and more shifted toward 90°.

The Muon charge ratio at the Earth’s surface has been studied with a Geant4 based simulation for two different geomagnetic locations: Atlanta and Lynn Lake. The simulation results are shown in excellent agreement with the data from NMSU‐WIZARD/CAPRICE and BESS experiments at Lynn Lake, At low momentum, ground level muon charge ratios show latitude dependent geomagnetic effects for both Atlanta and Lynn Lake from the simulation. The simulated charge ratio is 1.20 ± 0.05 (without geomagnetic field), 1.12 ± 0.05 (with geomagnetic field) for Atlanta and 1.22 ± 0.04 (with geomagnetic field) for Lynn Lake. These types of studies are very important for analyzing secondary cosmic ray muon flux distribution at Earth’s surface and can be used to evaluate the parameter of atmospheric neutrino oscillations.


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Question: A microstrip patch antenna as a standard transmitting and receiving antenna

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The possibility of using a microstrip patch antenna as a standard transmitting or receiving antenna is discussed. The intrinsic properties of the substrate used for the antenna are determined by careful impedance measurements. Experimental results indicate that the transmitting characteristics of a microstrip antenna can be theoretically determined from its geometry. The microstrip patch antenna discussed is physically small (20-cm/sup 2/ for 450 MHz) and can be well matched to a 50- Omega power delivery system (SWR=1.17). >

The accuracy of the power gain and the effective area of the horn antenna are of primary importance for the class of the EMF standard in which the antenna is applied. Horn antenna work above 1 GHz frequency range. Horn antennas are usually fed from a waveguide; the simplest “horn antenna”is an open end of a waveguide. Possible estimation errors and measurements are discussed in this chapter.


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Question: Preparation of ordinary pressure chromatographic columns by natural settling method

A natural settling method was used in preparing ordinary pressure chromatographic columns. Compared with traditional methods, the new method showed better stability and repeatability.

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Silica gel and silica paste have been used as anticonvection media in zone electrophoresis. Rapid methods for preparing gels and pastes containing the appropriate electrophoretic buffer, and their use in zone electrophoresis, are given.


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Question: Creating Self-Efficacy In Internal Auditors For Information Technology Audits: An On-The-Job Training Perspective

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"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', "The Bureau of Mines has developed several techniques for draining methane from coalbeds in advance of mining. Drilling long horizontal holes from an underground location is one such technique, which was successfully demonstrated in the Pittsburgh and Sunnyside Coalbeds. The same technique has now been applied in the Mary Lee Coalbed at Jim Walter Resources, Inc.'s No. 4 Mine, Brookwood, Ala., where two holes were drilled horizontally--one to a depth of 1,010 feet (308 m) and the other to 540 feet (165 m). The 1,010-foot (308-m) hole proved successful in degasifying a portion of the Mary Lee Coalbed."]" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Degasification of the Mary Lee Coalbed, Brookwood, Alabama. Report of investigations/1982']"

The objective of this study is to investigate how to create self-efficacy in internal auditors for information technology (IT) audits. This research conducts a case study to demonstrate that eight constructs affect internal auditor self-efficacy and performance. These constructs are personal factor, behavioral factor, environmental factor, verbal persuasion, emotional arousal, mastery experiences, modeling, and efficacy in an IT audit. This research applies social cognitive and motivational theories and analyzes these theories with the data collected from participants working at two telecommunication and two agricultural companies. The results indicate that the eight constructs affect self-efficacy and trainee performance. A model of creating self-efficacy in IT audit training for internal auditors is proposed from the research findings. Audit managers may consider using the modeling to boost self-efficacy in internal auditors for IT audits.

1. Sound Financial Management Strategies for Achieving Good Corporate Governance Practices 2. The Foundations for Formulating Sound Financial Management Strategies Using an Integrated Financial Optimisation Model 3. Conceptual Framework and Research Methodology 4. An Integrated Financial Optimisation Model for Formulating Sound Financial Management Strategies 5. The Context of the Case Study 6. The Numerical Model, Results and Analysis 7. Implications of the Results for Sound Financial Management Strategies, Corporate Governance, and Managerial and Financial Accounting Perspectives 8. Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Research


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Question: Experience of Improving the Teaching Quality of Construction Mechanical in Higher Vocational School

Mechanical construction is an important professional foundation course for civil construction in higher vocational school,but the students usually have inadequate understanding of the necessity of mechanical construction study and the learning initiative is not high because the objective of study is not clear,the methods and means of teaching are backward,the teaching contents is repetitive,the pursuit of the systematic nature and completeness of its contents are excessive,the assessment methods and other issues,etc.The author,through practial teaching,finds out that the teaching quality of this course can be improved through mobilize the enthusiasm of students learning,integration the teaching content,reform the teaching methods and adjust the means of examination,etc.

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Outlook of Agricultural Development to 2050 and the Demand for Science and Technology.- Roadmap and Goals of Agricultural Science and Technology in China.- Roadmap of Plant Germplasm Resources and Modern Plant Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Animal Germplasm Resources and Modern Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Resource Saving Agricultural Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Production and Food Safety Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Modernization and Intelligentization Science and Technology Development.- The Institutions and Policy Support for Agricultural Science and Technology Development in the Future.


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Question: Stacked Square Microstrip Antenna for 4G System

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A single line feed stacked microstrip antenna for 4G system is presented. The proposed antenna with two properly square patches are stacked. The top patch can perform as a driven element is design on 2.44 GHz and lower patch is also design on 2.44 GHz. The performance of proposed antenna for 4G band frequency (2400-2500 MHz). Also gating the improvement of bandwidth (15%) and antenna efficiency (95%) are very high compared to conventional antenna.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Dipole Basic Characteristics Partial Sleeve, PIFA, and Patch Loops Dielectric Resonator Antennas References


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Question: Towards azimuthal anisotropy of direct photons

Intensive radiation of magnetic bremsstrahlung type (synchrotron radiation) resulting from the interaction of escaping quarks with the collective confining color field is discussed as a new possible mechanism of observed direct photon anisotropy.

Abstract The temperature dependence of the attenuation of fast transverse waves in sapphire and quartz is explained by quasi-collinear phonon interactions excluding anharmonic anisotropy effects.


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Question: On Lady Wang Zhaojun′s Bidding Farewell over the Frontier and Tiku Ridge

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Wang Zhaojun′s spirit is above all praised,with her being righteous,minding the overall situation of the country,brushing aside individual weal or woe and requesting a marriage to the Huns;her achievements have far-reaching impact and historical significance,winning the steady situation on the border and keeping a long-term peace and friendliness between Han-Hun nationalities.The route-crossing Yellow River,then proceeding north and walking from Tiku Ridge to Shahu along Sushui River,Fen River and Sanhe Valley,part of routes of Zhaojun and Huhan xie out of frontier from Chang′an to the door of Chanyu Court,is treasure of valuable and historical cultural resources and investable recourses that can be developed in Tiku Ridge and Hongsha Rock pass.

Introduction Rite of Initiation Class, Education, and Civil Rights Voices and Modes of Representing Consciousness Focalization Stained Glass Windows Women and Children First A Fate Worse than Death Tower of Babel Husbands Lovers Friends? Judgment Day Anna Karenin La Regenta Effi Briest The Awakening O primo Basilio Madame Bovary Conclusion Bibliography Index


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Question: Electrical grounding wire and method of sealing against water

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An electrical ground wire (10) includes a conductor (12) and a coating material (14) on the outside of the conductor (12), wherein a water inlet preventing agent, has which flowability, between the conductor (12) and the coating material (14) to a ground connection terminal side of the electrical grounding wire to ground or earth connection to the circuit is applied in a vehicle.

A fault current limiter for limiting the fault current in the power grid, a series of phase coils located adjacent to the superconducting coil to limit the fault current by the phase short circuit in the power network, the neutral ground fault in the power grid fault current limiter that includes a series of neutral coils located adjacent to the superconducting coil to limit the fault current due to a failure.


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Question: Flavor enhanced chocolate crumb

A process for the preparation of chocolate crumb, a 15-70 wt% of solid milk, mixed with 10-75 wt% of sugar and 0.1 to 10% by weight of milk or vegetable protein hydrolyzate, since the heating become, the preparation method is the weight in terms of the percentage mixture.

The invention relates to a process for preparing bone-fixation capsules and its quality control method, wherein the preparing process consists of disintegrating olibanum, myrrh and Chinese angelica root into coarse powder, extracting volatile oil with aqueous vapor, coating with volatile fluid, disintegrating dragon's blood resin and borax into fines, grilling drynaria, native copper and rheum officinale with water, merging grilling liquid with distilled aqueous solution, filtering, concentrating, charging volatile oil inclusion compound, dragon's blood resin, borax fines and right amount of adjuvant.


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Question: For Sale: Trade Policy in Majoritarian Systems

We provide a theory of trade policy determination that incorporates the protectionist bias inherent in majoritarian systems, suggested by Grossman and Helpman (2005). The prediction that emerges is that in majoritarian systems, the majority party favors industries located disproportionately in majority districts. We test this prediction using U.S. tariff data from 1993, and House campaign contribution data from two electoral cycles. We find evidence of a protectionist bias due to majoritarian system politics that is comparable in magnitude to the payoff from being an organized industry.

The Urgent Need to Look Ahead The Momentum of Tax Reform A View from the Legislative Front Experience from a Century of Change Demographic Shark in the Fiscal Water We're Not Getting Any Younger Taxation in a Small World The Search for Compatible Tax Systems International Tax Law: The Need for Constructive Change International Cooperation Is Possible Developing Countries' Delicate Balances Day of Reckoning Approaches for the European Community Outlook for Japan A Plea for Stable Principles Political Realities in a New Century Faith in Market Forces The US Supply-Side Revolution Another Side to the Supply Side Richer Means Harder to Tax A Second Word About Taxing Affluence A Pollution Tax Makes Sense Forces That Shape Tax Policy Computerized Tax Collecting The Value of Warning.


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Question: Nest Architecture, Life Cycle and Cleptoparasite of the Neotropical Leaf-cutting Bee Megachile (Chrysosarus) pseudanthidioides Moure (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)*

Abstract Reproduction in the leaf-cutting bee Megachile (Chrysosarus) pseudanthidioides Moure was studied by trap nesting in secondary Atlantic rain forests on Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil. Nests were built in borings of hardwood blocks, in small wooden boxes and bamboo canes. The brood cells consisted of an outer layer of overlapping small leaves or pieces of leaves cut oval. They covered a chamber formed of clay. Pieces of flower petals served as the innermost lining of the cells. Nests were constructed October through February. Emergence pattern indicates a bivoltine life cycle with a spring generation emerging December and early January and a second (summer) generation diapausing as prepupae from fall through winter. Metamorphosis then takes place in late winter and imagines emerge only in the following spring, September and October. A cleptoparasitic megachilid, Coelioxys (Acrocoelioxys) tepaneca (Cresson), was found to attack nests of Megachile (C.) pseudanthidioides. This host-parasite re...

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2 Resumen 2 Introduction 2 Materials and methods 3 Results 4 Subgenus Chilicola s. str. Spinola 4 Key to the species of the subgenus Chilicola s. str. Spinola 5 Chilicola (Chilicola) rubriventris Spinola 6 Chilicola (Chilicola) aisenensis Toro and Moldenke 10 Chilicola (Chilicola) colliguay Toro and Moldenke 13 Chilicola (Chilicola) luzmarieae new species 15 Chilicola (Chilicola) pangue Toro and Moldenke 19 Chilicola (Chilicola) venticola Packer 21 Phylogenetic analysis 25 Discussion 27 Acknowledgements 28 References 28 Appendix 29


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Question: Doctors who write guidelines often have ties to the drug industry

About a third of authors who write practice guidelines in the United States have ties to the pharmaceutical industry, a survey by the journal Nature has discovered (2005;437: 1070-1). About 70% of writing panels were affected. ::: ::: Nature 's journalists surveyed 215 guidelines deposited with the US National Guideline Clearinghouse in 2004. All 215 guidelines concerned drugs. But only 90 contained details of the authors' conflicts of interest, and, of these, only 31 guidelines …

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Dr. Robert Steinbrook discusses how progress against gag clauses could be forthcoming, spurred by public concern about medication safety, distrust of the pharmaceutical industry, and advocacy withi...


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Question: The Canadian Malting Barley Technical centre

The Canadian Malting Barley Technical Center (CMBTC) is an independent, nonprofit organization funded by its members from the malting and grain industries. It was established in 2000 by major stakeholders in the industry. Major capital investment was provided by the Canadian Wheat Board, with additional funding and support provided by government agencies. The CMBTC focus is on conducting applied research and pilot-scale malting and brewing tests of registered Canadian barley varieties. The facilities will be used to commercially evaluate the malting and brewing characteristics of new and existing varieties. The CMBTC has a pilot malting plant capable of processing 100 kg of barley and a pilot brewery that has a brew size of 3 hL.

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Presents information on MTTS Ph.D. Student Sponsorship Initiative and Graduate Student Challenge.


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Question: Magnetic properties of chromium (III) oxide nanoparticles

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Cr2O3 nanoparticles of controlled particle size were prepared by calcination of a precursor, Cr(OH)3, obtained by precipitation with sodium hydroxide. Samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Average particle sizes ranged from 20 to 200 nm. The magnetic properties of Cr2O3 nanoparticles show the presence of a net magnetic moment at the surface due to the large surface/volume ratio. This fact modifies the classical behaviour expected for bulk antiferromagnetic particles. Below the Neel temperature, magnetization curves as a function of the applied magnetic field show the presence of coercive forces in the low-field range.

a b s t r a c t Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to study multilayer films contain- ing anionic iron-substituted silicotungstate (SiW11Fe


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"['Represent the next text', 'Influence of Eclipse Effects on the Ne Spectrum Intensity']" == "['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'To observe abnormal phenomena caused between solar\\|terrestial space when eclipse happed, Ne discharge tube was used as light source. The result shows that the fuller and the fuller the eclipse is,the weaker and the weaker the Ne spectrum intensity.']" != "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.']"

Question: Emphasizing Political Affair against Anti-corruption

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Discussion is made for the leadership that adhering to the correct political orientation and standpoint, clinging to the correct ambition and belief, conforming to political disciplines, and promoting political insight and sensitivity are the guarantee against anti-corruption.

AbstractThe following sections are inclulded:AccomplishmentsRole of the Open-Door PolicyRole of the Non-State SectorsIncome InequalityProblems in the Rural EconomyCorruptionHealthcareOld Age and Unemployment InsuranceEnergy and EnvironmentProspects


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Question: Semiconductor device and method for forming the same

A semiconductor device includes a metal line and a metal pad formed at different integration levels of a semiconductor substrate, and an isolation layer by which the metal line and the metal pad are spaced apart from each other. The semiconductor device prevents short-circuit between the metal pad and the metal line although the isolation layer is dislocated.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus and a method for forming on the substrate a film having a uniformity of thickness. Embodiments of the present disclosure include, without knowing the properties of the substrate surface in advance, it may be used to measure the thickness or other properties of the film deposited on the substrate. Embodiments of the present disclosure can be used to measure the thickness or other characteristics of a plurality of layers formed. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure can be used to measure the thickness of the vertical memory stack.


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Question: Synthesis and thermal behaviour of a series of pentacyanoligandferrate(II) complexes

Abstract [MmFe(CN)5L·xH2O] (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu; L = pyridine or pyrazine derivative) have been synthesized, and their UV-vis and IR spectral characteristics are reported. Thermolysis of the solids leads to water release, ligand release and/or decomposition, redox interaction between Fe3+ (or Cu2+) with CN− or L, and redox interaction between M2+ (or Cu+) and CN−, yielding elemental metal and metal carbides.

Recent results are reported on the syntheses and structures of novel six-and eight-membered stannasiloxane rings, of stannasiloxane complexes, and of the first well-defined organoelement oxides containing three different metals/metalloids.


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Question: Ultrashort-pulse generation using VECSELs and MIXSELs

Optically pumped SESAM modelocked semiconductor disk lasers (SDLs) or vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs [1]) (Fig. 1a) are of great interest for applications that require compact and high-power sources with ultrashort pulses and excellent beam quality. The modelocked integrated external-cavity surface emitting laser (MIXSEL [2]) (Fig. 1b) combines the gain of VECSELs with the saturable absorber of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) in a single semiconductor device. Hence, self-starting and stable passive modelocking is obtained in a simple straight cavity formed by the semiconductor chip and a curved output coupler (Fig. 2a). Record high average output power of 6.4 W from a picosecond MIXSEL confirmed the high potential of this technology.

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Generation of narrow microwave signals produced from the mode beating of a DBR laser is presented. The application of this process to the cw-THz wave generation is also demonstrated using a slotted FP laser.


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Question: [Point mutation G-->A nucleotide 1691 factor V gene as a cause of developing thrombotic complications in a family with plasma resistance to activated protein C].

The presence of point mutation G-->A of nucleotide 1691 of Factor V gene (Leiden mutation) is responsible for the resistance of factor Va to activated protein C (APC-resistance) and is associated with an increased risk for thrombosis. Herein, we reported on a case of 20 year male with a two years history of recurrent, extensive deep vein thrombosis. His family history showed grand-mother from mother side, who died from thromboembolic disease many years ago. His laboratory investigation reveals abnormal results of APC-resistance test (R = 1.80) and normalized APC-resistance test sensitivity ratio (0.57). Moreover, on the basis of a sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) a heterozygous from (G/A at 1691 position) of Leiden mutation was found. Family study showed two between 8 others asymptomatic persons with abnormal results of APC-resistance test and heterozygous genotype.

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title!', 'Carbon fiber powder (CFP) instead of the traditional glass fiber (cloth) was used to reinforce epoxy resin for rapid tooling. There are two obvious advantages: one is to utilize the waste materials, which is good for the protection of the environment; another is to simplify the producing process by cast molding. The filling amount and dispersing process of CFP was studied in this paper. The results show that when the amount of CFP was 10 wt%, and the ultrasonic time is more than 15 min, the CFP can be dispersed in the epoxy matrix uniformly, and the mechanical properties can meet the requirement of epoxy molding.']" should be close to "['', 'Carbon Fiber Powder Reinforced Epoxy Composites used for Rapid Tooling']"

Transient nephrotic syndrome, haematuria, and cryofibrinogenuria in a child after anaesthesia were found in association with a plasma cryofibrinogen that precipitated at 35 degrees C. Investigation of the family showed this to be a familial trait probably with dominant inheritance.


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Question: Assessment of power composite system annualized reliability indices based on improved particle swarm optimization and comparative study between the behaviour of GA and PSO

The primary function of a electric power system is to supply customers, with electrical energy as economically as possible and with an acceptable degree of reliability. Therefore fast and accurate power system reliability assessment Techniques is important. This paper presents an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization based method for state sampling of composite power system. In this method, Particle Swarm Optimization is used as a search tool to truncate the probability state space and to track the most probable failure states. PSO stores system states, in which there is fault state, in an array. Then sampled states are used to assessment of Power Composite System Annualized Reliability Indices. The proposed method has been tested on the IEEE RTS-79 using booth GA and improved PSO. Then comparative study between the behaviour of GA and PSO is done.

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Economic load dispatch (ELD) problem is an optimization problem where objective function is highly non linear, non-convex, non differentiable and may have multiple local minima. Therefore classical optimization methods may not convergence or get trapped to any local minima. This paper presents a comparative study of four different heuristic algorithms i.e. classical Particle swarm optimization (CPSO), Particle swarm optimization with Time-varying acceleration coefficients (PSOTVAC), Differential Evolution (DE) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) for solving the ELD problem considering various constraints such as ramp rate limits (RRL), prohibited operating zones (POZ) and valve point effects (VPL). A detailed comparison of the various methods is carried out on three test systems having 3-unit, 13-unit and 40-units. Solution quality, convergence behavior, consistency and speed are used as performance metrics.


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Question: Bifunctional Luminescent Rhenium(I) Complexes Containing an Extended Planar Diimine Ligand and a Biotin Moiety

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We report the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical and electrochemical properties of four bifunctional luminescent rhenium(I) complexes that contain an extended planar diimine ligand and a biotin moiety, [Re(N-N)(CO)3(L)](PF6) (N-N = dipyrido[3,2-a:2‘,3‘-c]phenazine, dppz; L = 4-((biotinamido)methyl)pyridine (py-CH2NH-biotin; 1), 4-(N-((6-biotinamido)hexanoyl)aminomethyl)pyridine, (py-CH2NHCOC5H10NH-biotin; 2); N-N = benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2‘,3‘-c]phenazine, dppn; L = py-CH2NH-biotin (3), py-CH2NHCOC5H10NH-biotin (4)). Upon irradiation, complexes 1−4 exhibit intense and long-lived emission in deoxygenated fluid solutions at 298 K and in low-temperature glass. The luminescence is assigned to a triplet intraligand (3IL) (π → π*) (diimine) excited state. However, the excited state of the dppn complexes 3 and 4 is likely to possess substantial triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) (dπ(Re) → π*(dppn)) character. The interactions of these complexes with double-stranded calf thymus DNA have b...

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This account relates our quest for effective syntheses of 3-acyltetramic acids and also presents examples of our group’s increasing audacity to tackle the more intricate structural varieties of this compound class. 1 Introduction 2 A New Wittig-Based Access to Tetramic Acids 3 3-Acyltetramic Acids with Linear Side Chains 4 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acids 5 O - and N -Glycosylated 3-Acyltetramic Acids 6 Macrocyclic 3-Acyltetramic Acids 7 Miscellaneous Reactions 8 Whither to go from Here?


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Question: The impact of addiction on Afghan youths

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The provided query could be "['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'In most instances of tumour development, genetic instability plays a role in allowing cancer cell populations to respond to selection barriers, such as physical constraints or immune responses, and rapidly adapt to an always changing environment. Modelling instability is a nontrivial task, since by definition evolving changing instability leads to changes in the underlying landscape. In this paper we explore mathematically a simple version of unstable tumor progression using the formalism of Adaptive Dynamics (AD) where selection and mutation are explicitly coupled. Using a set of basic fitness landscapes, the so called canonical equation for the evolution of genetic instability on a minimal scenario associated to a population of unstable cells is derived. The implications and potential extensions of this model are discussed.']" and the positive "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Adaptive dynamics of unstable cancer populations: the canonical equation']"

Drug addiction is a problem in many countries, affecting many lives, damaging the addicted individual and affecting their families and communities. In underdeveloped countries, such as Afghanistan, there are often no appropriate systems for rehabilitating drug addicted people. Most hospitals tend to use detoxification as the main treatment programme, and there remains a large gap between demand and treatment services. In this case study, the author discusses the possibilities for dealing with the various causes of substance abuse and recommends solutions.

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Walking the ethical and legal line when it comes to accessing personal information.


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Question: The Impact of Structural Reforms on Poverty: A Simple Methodology with Extensions

Structural reforms are often designed to change the prices of key goods and services. Since the overall intention of such reforms is the reduction of poverty, it is important to understand how the resulting price changes affect the poor. However, organizations seeking to provide timely advice to policymakers in developing countries often do not have the data and resources needed to undertake the most sophisticated approaches to such analysis. McCulloch outlines a simple methodology based on the analysis of household survey data to estimate the first-order impact of a variety of structural reforms. He also elaborates on the ways in which this methodology may be extended in a flexible way to account for particular features of a country in question. Finally, he outlines the direction of some extensions on the approach to tackle dynamics, risk, and qualitative poverty analysis.

Contents: Foreword Preface Part I: Agenda 1. Is the Flying-Geese Theory Passe-or Still Relevant? Part II: Real-Sector Growth: Industrial Upgrading 2. Akamatsu's Flying-Geese Theory - in the Rough 3. A Dynamic Stages Model of Structural Upgrading, Industrial Transplantation, and Knowledge Diffusion 4. Comparative Advantage Recycling in Labor-Driven Growth: An Unprecedented Opportunity for the Poor to Rise? 5. Structural Upgrading, Infrastructure Development, and Insatiable Quest for Natural Resources 6. The Asian Model for Latin America? A Tale of Two Regions Part III: Money/Finance Dimension of Flying-Geese-Style Growth 7. Borrowed Growth: Balance of Payments, Capital Flows, and Development Finance 8. Creating the World in America's Own Image? Bibliography Index


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Question: Russian Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies: Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) Infestations and Overwintering Survival

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Abstract Honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colonies infested by parasitic mites are more prone to suffer from a variety of stresses, including cold temperature. We evaluated the overwintering ability of candidate breeder lines of Russian honey bees, most of which are resistant to both Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman and Acarapis woodi (Rennie), during 1999–2001. Our results indicate that Russian honey bee colonies (headed by original and supersedure queens) can successfully overwinter in the north, even during adverse weather conditions, owing to their frugal use of food stores and their resistance to tracheal mite infestations. In contrast, colonies of Italian honey bees consumed more food, had more mites, and lost more adult bees than Russian honey bees, even during unusually mild winter conditions.

Nutritional Ecology of Forb Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Insect Folivores of Woody Plants: Nitrogen, Water, Fiber and Mineral Considerations Nutritional Ecology of Grass Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Phytophagous Mites Nutritional Ecology of Lichen/Moss Arthropods Nutritional Ecology of Arthropod Gall-Makers Nutritional Ecology of Bruchid Beetles Nutritional Ecology of Seed-Sucking Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product and House Dust Mites Ecology of Nectar and Pollen Feeding in Lepidoptera.


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Question: A new four-variable refined plate theory for thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates

The novelty of this paper is the use of a new four-variable refined plate theory for thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates. Unlike any other theory, the present new theory is variationally consistent and gives four governing equations. The number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. In addition, the theory, which has strong similarity with classical plate theory in many aspects, accounts for a quadratic variation of the transverse shear strains across the thickness and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. Material properties and thermal expansion coefficient of the sandwich plate faces are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The core layer is still homogeneous and made of an isotropic material. ...

Free vibration of a partially fluid-filled cross-ply laminated composite circular cylindrical shell is investigated using a semi-analytical procedure based on the Reissner–Mindlin theory and compressible fluid equations. The shell is modeled using unaxisymmetric shear deformable circular cylindrical shell elements. The fluid is modeled using column fluid elements. The equation of motion of the partially fluid-filled shell is derived using the Hamilton’s variational principle. Numerical examples are given for free vibrations of partially fluid-filled orthotropic and cross-ply laminated composite circular cylindrical shells with various boundary conditions. Numerical results indicate that the fluid filling can reduce significantly the natural frequencies of orthotropic and cross-ply laminated composite circular cylindrical shells.


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Question: Handbook of thermodynamic high temperature process data

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This handbook presents original computer-generated reference data describing the thermodynamic properties of high-temperature processes. Included are the reduction of chlorides and oxides, pyrolysis and conversion of hydrocarbons, production of nitrides, carbides, oxides and other compounds. Process parameters and thermodynamic properties of dissociation products for various gases are determined over a wide range of variables. Overall, the handbook treats nearly 200 chemical process systems - spanning various temperatures and pressures.

Structural and solid mechanics fluid mechanics general applications of the finite element method mathematical aspects of the finite element method.


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Question: An approach to engineer and enforce context constraints in an RBAC environment

This paper presents an approach that uses special purpose RBAC constraints to base certain access control decisions on context information. In our approach a context constraint is defined as a dynamic RBAC constraint that checks the actual values of one or more contextual attributes for predefined conditions. If these conditions are satisfied, the corresponding access request can be permitted. Accordingly, a conditional permission is an RBAC permission which is constrained by one or more context constraints. We present an engineering process for context constraints, that is based on goal-oriented requirements engineering techniques, and describe how we extended the design and implementation of an existing RBAC service to enable the enforcement of context constraints. With our approach we aim to preserve the advantages of RBAC, and offer an additional means for the definition and enforcement of fine-grained context-dependent access control policies.

This is an experience report on the automatic and hidden usage of program synthesis in several application domains. The structural synthesis of programs has been implemented in an object-oriented programming environment NUT and used for development of simulation software, engineering calculations software, implementing a benchmark for safety critical systems and development of highly interactive visual modeling of radar coverage of landscape.


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Question: Optical Phase Erasure and Wavelength Conversion Using Silicon Nonlinear Waveguide With Reverse Biased PIN Junctions

We demonstrate the optical phase erasure and wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s phase shift keying signal based on the non-transparency four-wave-mixing (FWM) simultaneously using the integrated silicon waveguide with reverse biased PIN junction.

Introduction The Untold Story Biography of Herbert Kroemer The Nobel Lecture Publications List Herbert Kroemer: Oral History Not Just the Blue Sky Reprinted Articles: General Principles of Heterostructures and HBTs Hot-Electron Negative Resistance Effects GaAs and GaP on Si and Related Topics Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrids Herbert Kroemer on Nanotechnology.


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Question: Effect of temperature on the separation of long DNA fragments in polymer solution.

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Electrophoresis of long DNA fragments in polymer solutions is still attractive when performed in short capillaries. Then the separations can be accomplished in minutes rather than hours as is usual in various slab electrophoresis techniques. In this paper we focused on the behavior of large DNA fragments in pulsed field capillary electrophoresis under various temperature conditions. The mobility dependence of fragments of lambda-DNA single-cut mixture on various frequencies at three different temperatures showed that the antiresonance mobility minima are shifted to higher frequencies at higher temperatures. This interesting result is explained in terms of the geometration model of DNA motion.

A computer-aided experimental setup and its application in measuring diffusion coefficients of n-hexane in low density polyethylene film based on the mathematical description of the diffusion process are described.


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Question: A precision curvature-compensated CMOS bandgap reference

A precision curvature-compensated switched-capacitor bandgap reference is described which uses a standard digital CMOS process and achieves temperature stability significantly lower than has previously been reported for CMOS circuits. The theoretically achievable temperature coefficient approaches 10 ppm//spl deg/C over the commercial temperature range and uses a straightforward room temperature trim procedure. Experimental data from monolithic prototype samples are presented which are consistent with theoretical predictions. The experimental prototype circuit occupies 3500 mil/SUP 2/ and dissipates 12 mW with /spl plusmn/5 V power supplies. The proposed reference is believed to be suited for use in monolithic data acquisition systems with resolutions of 10 to 12 bits.

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The range/velocity of static and moving targets have been measured with an FMCW laser radar incorporating an RF excited, intra-cavity modulated, CO 2 laser.


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Question: Evolution of the Chipmunk Genera Eutamias and Tamias

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Experiments using the immunological technique of micro-complement fixation indicate that chipmunks diverged from the tree squirrel lineage during the Oligocene. Three chipmunk lineages (Tamias, Eutamias : Neotamias , and Eutamias : Eutamias ) have been distinct since the late Miocene. Fossil, morphological, karyotypic, and other immunological data are discussed and shown to agree with our conclusions on relationships of these three lineages.

P. Day and M. Strauss, Part I: Summary: J.E. Thorpe, G.A.E. Gall, J.E. Lannan, C.E. Nash, and B. Ballachey, The Need to Manage Fish and Shellfish Genetic Resources. Human Interventions and Genetic Risks. The Conservation of Genetic Resources through Risk Management. Status of Aquatic Genetic Resource Management. References. Appendix. Part II: Management Studies: J.E. Thorpe and L. Stradmeyer, The Atlantic Salmon. D. Hedgecock, The Cupped Oyster. G.W. Wohlfarth, The Common Carp and Chinese Carps. A.E. Eknath, The Nile Tilapia. References. Subject Index.


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Question: Mechanism of the Molisch Reaction

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2-Methyl-1-naphthol was found to develop characteristic color with hexoses and pentoses in concentrated sulfuric acid very sensitively, and was used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the Molisch reaction. The chemical structures of the reaction product of glucose (I) and that of rhamnose (II) were established to be 2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-naphth-1-yl) methyl]-5-[(3-methyl-4-oxo-naphth-1-ylidene) methyl] furan and 5-[(3-methyl-4-oxo-naphth-1-ylidene) methyl]-2-methylfuran, respectively.

Summaries of research accomplished are given for the following areas: Morphological (Diffusional) Stability; A New Algorithm for Numerical Modeling of Non-equilibrium Materials Behavior; A Unified Treatment of Single and Microcrystalline Film Edge Instabilities; and Validation of the Structure Based Grain Boundary Diffusion/Migration Model.


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Question: A Method for Direct Determination of Inelastic Floor Response Spectra

Floor response spectra, which are usually based on the assumption that the behaviour of the primary (building) and the secondary systems (equipment) is linear, are used for the seismic design of equipment in industrial buildings. In general, essential reductions in peak values of floor response spectra can be obtained if inelastic behaviour of the primary system is taken into account. The paper presents the most important results of an extensive parametric study of floor response spectra, taking into account the inelastic behaviour of the primary system and the linear behaviour of the secondary system. Both systems were modeled as single-degree-offreedom systems. The influences of input ground motion, ductility, hysteretic behaviour and natural period of the primary system, as well as damping of the secondary system have been studied. A simple approximate method for direct determination of floor response spectra from the design spectrum is proposed.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Clinical and radiological features of generalised lymphangiomatosis.

Generalised lymphangiomatosis is a rare congenital disorder mainly affecting children. It is believed that the disorder is due to maldevelopment of lymphatic systems during the intrauterine period. Pathologically, it consists of dilated chyle-filled spaces along the lymphatic systems. It can affect a wide range of organ systems including the pleural cavity, peritoneum, spleen, and the musculoskeletal system. Reports concerning the spectrum of imaging findings seen in this disorder are sparse and local reports of this disorder are even more rare. The aim of this report was to illustrate the clinical and radiological features of this rare congenital disorder.

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Summary ::: ::: A 64-year-old man developed a symmetrical erosive polyarthritis affecting the hands and feet in association with a progressive woody induration of the limbs and flexion contractures, Investigations showed peripheral eosinophilia and an inflammatory fibrosis maximally involving the deep fascia. The relationship of eosinophilic fasciitis to morphoea and progressive systemic sclerosis is discussed.


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Question: X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging of Granular Systems

Dynamic compression experiments have proven useful for decades in examining material response at high pressures and providing equation-of-state and other information on numerous phenomena including phase transitions, strength, and kinetics.

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This report contains sections describing: Monte Carlo Calculation of Chemical Potential of a Stockmayer Fluid, Fractional Brownian Diffusion in Molecularly Thin Films, On Spectral Measure and Monte Carlo Approaches to Flow in Heterogeneous Media, Shear Melting of Molecularly-Thin Confined Films, Nonlocal Diffusion and Strain-Induced Liquification at Particulate Media, Hierarchical Problems: Some conceptual Difficulties in the Development of Transport Equations, Application of Multiple-Angle-of-Incidence Ellipsometry to the Study of Thin Films Adsorbed on Surfaces, On Adsorption and Diffusion at Rough Surfaces: A Comparison of Statistical Mechanic, Molecular Dynamics and Kinetic Theory, Fluids in Micropores: Self-Diffusion in a Slit-Pore with Hard Rough Walls, and Nonlocal Transport Theories for Media with Microstructure.


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Question: The Challenge of Simple Questions: Positioning Refugee Mental Health in the Global Health Agenda

To position refugee mental health more effectively on the developing global health and humanitarian agendas requires effective communication in policy‐making processes. The capacity to answer three simple but demanding questions arguably determines the readiness of those working in this field to seek such influence. Reviewing current knowledge on the global context of refugee mental health with respect to the questions ‘What is the need?’, ‘What can we do about it?’ and ‘Will it work?’ suggests significant conceptual advance in this area over the last decade, and increasing consensus on broad intervention strategy. It remains important to document impact more effectively, however, if policy‐makers are to be persuaded to invest more resources in promoting mental health interventions with displaced and war‐affected populations.

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Contents: The Information Society - The Digital Divide - The Digital Practice Perspective - The Digital Practice of Weak Tie Development - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Family Ties via Mobile Phone - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Digital Enclaves - The Digital Practice Perspective and Social Policy: Improving the Social, Cultural, and Civic Quality of the Digital Environment - Conclusion: Smart Mobs, Flash Mobs, Flash Robs and the Revolutionary Potential of the Digital Environment.


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Question: A PREFABRICATED MODULAR TIMBER BRIDGE

Part of the research program of the Transport and Road Research Laboratory in the United Kingdom is the study of road transport problems in developing countries. The unit that specializes in this work has carried out an assessment of a new design of timber bridge. It is a truss type made from prefabricated panels and is appropriate for use in countries that need low-cost bridges, but have only a supply of relatively small-section timber. The design is now being developed and promoted in Honduras, Madagascar, and other countries by the Timber Research and Development Association under sponsorship by the United Kingdom and United Nations Industrial Development Organization.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NATIONAL ROAD N2 NORTH OF CHIASSO NECESSITATED THE PROVISION OF THREE BRIDGE STRUCTURES: THE 440 M LONG VIADUCT OVER THE BISIO PLAIN, THE BRIDGE OVER THE GOTTHARD RAILWAY, AND THE OVERPASS OVER THE GOTTHARD ROAD. A SIMILAR DESIGN WAS SELECTED FOR THE THREE STRUCTURES WHICH ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL.


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Question: A Generalized Classification Model for Information Architecture Specification

This paper presents a formal model for information architecture specification. Because the model has also an interpretation in cell manufacturing formation, and reasonable effective techniques for solving this latter problem are available, these techniques can also be applied to information architecture specification.

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Introduction. LSA and Related Management Processes. Preparing LSA RFP and Contract Requirements. Executing the LSA Tasks. Modeling. Management.


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Question: Pharmacological investigations in space medicine

Abstract The exploration of the Universe, which started with the flight of Yu. A. Gagarin, has brought an awareness of the importance of assuring spacecrew's safety. The main aspect of this problem is the development of pharmacological methods of prevention and therapy of the physiological changes occurring during weightlessness and the readaptation period.

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The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the history of researching programmed cell death, ::: the methodological characteristic and historical lessons in both epistemology and methodology are discussed. The ::: study is of great importance to the explorations of new fields in biology.


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Question: Handwritten Digit Recognition System Based on DSP

This paper introduces a handwritten digit recognition system based on TMS320VC5402.The work principle is presented and the block diagram of hardware and program flow chart are given . At last it describes the used recognition algorithm and the improved training algorithm.

Debugging Of Large-scaled Data Processing Systems Like Supercomputers Is Becoming More Difficult. One Of The Causes Of The Trouble Is A Long Time For Reproducing VlSI's To Change Logic Design. An Automated On-chip Direct Wiring Modification System, Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) And Laser CVD, Was Developed. It Reduced The Logic Change Period To One Day. The Debugging Time Of The Newest Mainframe Computer M880 Was Shortened By A Few Months.


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Question: Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene Biocomposites Reinforced Palm Fruitlet Fiber

Polypropylene (PP) biocomposite containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25wt% of sodium hydroxide treated palm fruitlet fiber (TPFF) were prepared using Z-blade at 180°C at 50rpm. The composite was introduced with 3wt % of maleated anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) as compatibilizer. The composites were characterized by performing tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results indicated that, the present of PP-g-MAH improved the tensile strength as the increasing of treated filler content. The improvement properties of the composite were attributed to better interfacial adhesion between the PFF and PP matrix in the presence of the PP-g-MAH. As for the overall results,5wt% TPFF/PP/PP-g-MAH composite shows the highest value tensile strength, 20wt% TPFF/PP/PP-g-MA composite exhibits the highest in Youngs modulus. While from the observation through SEM, the smooth surface fractured of 5wt% TPFF/PP/PP-g-MA which indicated as high rigidity compare to the other ratios.

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: [Interferon-inducing effect of influenza viruses following aerogenic and oral administration in NMRI mice].

The aim of our study was to investigate the interferoninducing effect of aerogenic or oral uptake of influenza viruses in animals. NMRI-mice were infected with mouse-adapted influenza viruses (A/PR/8/34, H1 N1) by aerogen and oral route. In one-day-intervals interferon titers were determined in lung lavage fluids and in lung tissues within nine days after infection. The aerogenic infection led to an increase in interferon followed by a plateau and followed by a slope. The same course of interferon given in lower values was seen in animals after oral virus uptake. The results support the idea of a stimulation of local defense mechanisms in the lung after oral antigen uptake.

A study was conducted to establish baseline data on Brucella abortus infection induced in 5 strains of mice (CBA/NJ, BALB/c, CD-1, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ). The strains were compared on the basis of immunologic, histopathologic, and bacteriologic responses. There were 4 treatment groups for each strain of mice: (1) vaccinated with homologous lipopolysaccharide and challenge exposed to B abortus strain 2308; (2) not vaccinated but challenge exposed; (3) vaccinated and not challenge exposed; and (4) not vaccinated and not challenge exposed. Results indicated that mice can be used for comparative studies on the pathogenesis and immunogenesis of B abortus infections; strains of mice may vary in their responses to Brucella infection, regardless of their vaccination status. Bacteriologic and immunologic responses in mouse strains BALB/c, CD-1, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ, but not those of CBA/NJ, were extrapolative among strains.


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Question: Study of Load Characteristic and Power Factor Enhance for Pump Oil Machine

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Pump oil machine is the main equipment in the system of oil field. Through analyzing the reality local data measured at oil field, the curve of load characteristic and power factor of asynchronous electromotor have been gained which belong to moveable girder pump oil machine. And a research and explanation are maken in details. At last, combining the example of enhance power factor in Zhongyuan oil field, some methods and technical measures are given.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: The Hg~(2+) enhanced inhibition of Zn~(2+) on discharge of action potential from antennary nerve of crayfish (Cambarus clarkii)

The joint action of Hg~(2+) and Zn~(2+) on the discharge of action potential from nerve of antennule-inner ramus of the crayfish (Cambarus clarkii) was studied using electrophysiological method. When the concentration of Hg~(2+) and Zn~(2+) was 0.000 025mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively, the toxic latency (TL) of the ions on the discharge of antennary nerve was 46.75±22.69 min (N=8), the discharge duration (DD) of the antennary nerve was 115.28±40.95 min, and the b value of regressive linear equation meaning the relation between its discharge frequency (F /F_(1)) and action time was -0.0818. These parameters were not significantly different in comparison with #rho#(Zn~(2+))/0.1mg·L~(-1) which is the highest limited concentration in water bodies of fishery (P>0.1). The results indicated that the toxic action of Zn~(2+) was enhanced by Hg~(2+). It is suggested that this toxic joint action would be considered in evaluating complex water bodies contaminated with heavy metals.

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Membrane-bound (Na,K)-ATPases were exposed to limited papain digestion. We could not find the active (Na,K)-ATPase lacking glycoprotein subunit for the enzymes from three different sources (outer medulla of dog kidney, electric organs of Narke japonica and larvae of Artemia salina). It seemed unlikely that the glycoprotein subunit was selectively removed from (Na,K)-ATPase by papain digestion.


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Question: Biological agents in kidney transplantation: belatacept is entering the field

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Importance of the field: Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage kidney-disease patients. However, despite major breakthroughs in the last decades, and the progresses made with immunosuppressants, the long-term results still need to be improved. This is related to the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, de novo post-transplant malignancies, and chronic kidney disease within the allograft. The last is multifactorial and includes immunological and non-immunological factors. Amongst the last is the calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) (cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus)-related nephrotoxicity. Kidney-allograft function at 1-year post-transplantation is a good surrogate marker of long-term allograft survival.Areas covered in this review: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4)-Ig, a fusion protein, presents as abatacept, which conserves the natural structure of CTLA4, and belatacept, which has enhanced activity thanks to two amino-acid substitutions. Abatacept and belatacept bl...

With the explosion in biologics use in rheumatology, newer and smarter ways of using these drugs in different diseases have been advocated. SLE has to date been at the back of the biologics algorithms. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Evaluation Agency licensed belimumab for use in SLE, the first drug in >30 years. A clinical review of the evidence that underlies the use of belimumab and other biologics in SLE reveals possible reasons why the results are not as spectacular as they are in other diseases.


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Question: Complete blood count and acetylcholinesterase activity of lymphocytes of demyelinated and ovariectomized rats treated with resveratrol

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Resveratrol is a phytoestrogen that has many beneficial actions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the complete blood count (CBC) and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of lymphocytes of ovariectomized rats experimentally demyelinated by ethidium bromide (EB). Forty adult female Wistar rats (60 days, 200–220 g) were divided randomly into five groups (n = 4) to evaluate the demyelination phase and five groups (n = 4) to evaluate the remyelination phase. In each phase, the groups consisted of sham rats–G1; ovariectomized rats, not demyelinated, treated only with vehicle (ethanol 25%)–G2; demyelinated ovariectomized rats treated only with vehicle–G3; ovariectomized rats, not demyelinated, treated with resveratrol–G4; and demyelinated ovariectomized rats treated with resveratrol–G5. Only during the remyelination phase, CBC showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the number of monocytes between G2 and G5 groups. In the demyelination phase, there was a significant decrease (p...

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Objective To study the immunological and antibacterial activity of hemolymph from housefly larva. Method Hemolymph was prepared from tissues homogenate from housefly larva after stab induced or bacterial induced. Hemolymph prepared from uninduced larva was used as control. Standard bacterial strains were used in the determination of the antibacterial activity of hemolymph. Immunological activity was accessed by lymphocyte transformation test. Result The growth of E.coli, methicillin resistant and MRSA Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsialla pneumoniae, Bcaillus subtilis and unicellular fungi Saccharomyces albicans could be inhibited by hemolymph of housefly larva. Klebsialla pneumoniae induced hemolymph shows a higher antibacterial activity and heat stabitily. Conclusion The induced hemolymph has a stronger antibacterial and antifungal activity than the uninduced hemolymph.