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Question: BARRIERS TO THE UPTAKE OF CATARACT SURGERY IN A RURAL POPULATION OF SOUTH KARNATAKA, INDIA -

Purpose: To analyse the barriers to the uptake of cataract surgery in patients aged over 50 years in a rural set up and suggest possible remedial measures. Methods: Sixty one clusters of 50 people aged over 50 years were selected by probabilityproportionate to size sampling. All participants were evaluated using standard Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness ( RAAB ) methodology. People with unilateral or bilateral cataract were interviewed about the reasons for not having undergone surgery. Results: Of the 3050 people enumerated, 2907(95.3%) were examined. Among them 1360(47%) were males and 1547(53%) were females. Out of them, 73(2.51%) were bilaterally blind due to cataract(vision < 3/60). The main barriers noted in bilateral cataract blind were "No one to accompany" and "Waiting for maturity"(27.2% each). Conclusion: Augmenting the outreach programmes accompanied by information and motivational campaigns will reduce barriers to uptake of cataract surgery and in turn reduce the cataract blindness.

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THE NEED TO OBTAIN TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN HIGHWAY LANDSCAPING IS PRESENTED. IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THIS AIM, ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS MUST BE ESTABLISHED WHICH TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE TOTAL EFFECT OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN THE URBAN AND RURAL AREAS SERVED BY THESE ROADS. /CGRA/


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Question: The Magnetic Study of CuFe_2O_4 Nanoparticles and CuFe_2O_4 Self-Formed Ferrofluids

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The magnetic behavior of CuFe_2O_4 nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation and their self- formed ferrofluids is measured at room temperature.The results show that the saturation magnetization of CuFe_2O_4 powder is less than that of other ferrite nanoparticles and that both the powder and the ferrofluids exhibit superparamagnetism.The experimental results are analyzed with Langevin theory,and the differ- ences in behavior of deviation from Langevin theory for the powder and the ferrofluids are explained with interaction between particles.

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Abstract : Contents: Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs superlattices, Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa(2), Electronic structure study of the Pt-Ga intermetallic thin films on GaAs (100) using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, RHEED Studies of Epitaxial Growth of CoGa on GaAs by MBE-Determination of epitaxial phases and orientations, Internal Photoemission in CoGa/GaAs Schottky Barriers, Possible Injection of Electrons into the L Valley, Chemistry of Metal/ Compound-Semiconductor Interfaces, Phase Stability Versus The Lattice Mismatch of (100)Co1-xGa(x) Thin Films on (100)GaAs, Electrical resistivity of ultrathin, epitaxial CoGa on GaAs, and Growth and Annealing of Co(1-x)Ga(x) Thin Films on GaAs (100).


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Question: Functions of Infection Hospital in Earthquake Rescue

After the Wenchuan earthquake had been taken placed,to keep the health of the soldiers and the civil- ian,the infection hospital tried its best to finish the rescue tasks which would be helpful to insure the service quali- ty and efficiency.In the paper,the methods to improve reaction and service power were discussed for the infection hospital.

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MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


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Question: Microwave assisted polymer stabilized synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its application in the degradation of environmental pollutants

Abstract Graft copolymers of polyacrylamide (PAM) and dextran (Dx) are synthesized by grafting PAM chains onto a Dx backbone (Dx-g-PAM) with ceric ion induced solution polymerization technique. Partial hydrolysis of Dx-g-PAM is carried out with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain HDx-g-PAM. To synthesize silver nanoparticles dispersed copolymer nano-composite (Ag-HDx-g-PAM), reduction of silver ions with HDx-g-PAM is carried out using microwave heating. The environmentally benign and biodegradable copolymer, HDx-g-PAM acts as both stabilizer and reducing agent. The copolymer nano-composite, Ag-HDx-g-PAM is characterized by FT-IR, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. Further, the catalytic activity of Ag-HDx-g-PAM nano-composite towards the reduction of environmental pollutants like phenosafranine dye and aromatic nitro compounds are studied.

A plant-mediated, green method of synthesizing copper and gold nanoparticle was successfully performed by employing the bark extract of Mitragyaa parvifolia and Adina Cordifolia. It was found out that the various biomolecules present in the bark extract were responsible for the formation and stability of the copper and gold nanoparticles. The CuNPs and AuNPs size, morphology, crystalline structure, and the stability were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM analysis respectively. An effective antimicrobial activity of synthesized copper and gold nanoparticles against gram-positive (Basillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria is observed. The potential in vitro anticancer activity of gold nanoparticles is observed against the MFC-7 cell line. In conclusion to be found effective drugs for the antibacterial activity and breast cancer.


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Question: Lee Smolin Five Great Problems and Their Solution without Ontological Hypotheses

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Solutions of Lee Smolin Five Great Problems from his book {\it The Trouble with Physics: the Rise of String Theory, the Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next} are described. This solutions is obtained only from the properties of probability without any ontological hypotheses.

Introduction: The Play of Musement, and the Musement of Play The Dynamics of Play The Pragmatics of Play The Futuristics of Play Selected Bibliography Index


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Question: IP and Development: A Road Map for Developing Countries in the Twenty-First Century

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Many developing countries have adopted strong IP laws hoping that it would assist in their social and economic development. For these laws to be effective, they need to be translated into implementing strategies. This chapter gives a brief introduction to the theory of IP and development that is gaining more interest by IP scholars and commentators. It discusses the theory of IP and development and provides policy and practical recommendations that developing countries can adopt to serve their social and economic objectives.

INTRODUCTION: INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION ON EMERGING NOTIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS 1. Corporate Human Rights Obligations under Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights 2. Globalization, Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic: An Interface between Free Trade and the Right to Culture 3. Freedom of Religion in a Globalized World: The European Experience 4. Globalization, Terrorism and Human Rights: The Mouse that Roared 5. Globalization and Its Effects on the Emerging Jurisprudence on the Right to Education in South Africa and Nigeria 6. The Emergence of the Human Right to Water in a Globalized Scenario and its Implications to International Investment Law 7. Interface between the Third Generation Human Rights and the Good Governance in a Globalized World 8. The Place of Capitalism in the Pursuit of Human Rights in the Globalized Relationships of States INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHY ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS


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Question: Yellow garnets in roman amphorae—a possible tracer of ancient commerce

Abstract The composition of yellow (melanitic) garnets occurring in wine amphorae has been investigated using an electron microprobe. Two distinct compositional groups occur which can be distinguished by their Manganese oxide (MnO) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) contents. The origin of the garnets is most probably in the volcanic rocks of the Roman province and Vesuvius area. The eventual concentration of these minerals was made in stream beds or beach sands. Amphorae samples from Yemen, Cyprus, Italy and France were investigated. They are of the Dressel types Ia, Ic, 2–4 and Graeco-Italic form. It is proposed that a more detailed investigation of the problem could lead to an interesting tracer for commercial relations.

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Grapes appear rather early in temperate Europe: even in the cool north of Sweden, their pips occur in the Neolithic.- With grapes go wine, and with wine go the artefacts of wine, amongst them the cauldron on wheels - a grand and an odd artefact type of Bronze Age Europe.


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Question: Flavonols: Pigments Responsible for Ultraviolet Absorption in Nectar Guide of Flower

The petals of the black-eyed susan (Compositae: Rudbeckia hirta) contain three flavonol glucosides (6,7-dimethoxy-3',4',5-trihydroxyflavone-3-O-glucoside, patulitrin, and quercetagetin). These compounds, which show intense spectral absorption at 340 to 380 nanometers, are restricted in distribution to the petal bases, which are ultraviolet absorbing as a result. Such ultraviolet-absorbing petal zones, known as "nectar guides," are invisible to us, but are visible and of orientation value to the pollinating insect that lands on the flower in search for food. This is the first time that ultraviolet absorption in a nectar guide has been interpreted in chemical terms. In view of the widespread occurrence of flavonols in flowers, it is suggested that these pigments serve specifically for demarcation of ultraviolet petal patterns visible and relevant to insects.

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Nutritional Ecology of Forb Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Insect Folivores of Woody Plants: Nitrogen, Water, Fiber and Mineral Considerations Nutritional Ecology of Grass Foliage-Chewing Insects Nutritional Ecology of Phytophagous Mites Nutritional Ecology of Lichen/Moss Arthropods Nutritional Ecology of Arthropod Gall-Makers Nutritional Ecology of Bruchid Beetles Nutritional Ecology of Seed-Sucking Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product Insects Nutritional Ecology of Stored-Product and House Dust Mites Ecology of Nectar and Pollen Feeding in Lepidoptera.


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Question: Juvenile amaurotic family idiocy: Features suggestive of precocious senility

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A clinical and pathological study of juvenile amaurotic idiocy is presented with an illustrative case report. The case described had the classical criteria of retinitis pigmentosa, progressive mental deterioration and a convulsive component as evidenced by the electro-encephalogram.

A case of chronic bulb-pontine paralysis with deafness, with early onset, coursing along nine years is reported. There seem to be histopathologic and electromyographic evidences on which is concluded to be a variant form of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Van Laere form).


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Question: Theoretical analysis of memory correlator convolver in diode array

The theoretical analysis of surface acoustic wave memory correlator in the flash mode is presented,by establishing the circuit model for charging process of diode array.The important factors that influence the device performance are also analyzed.The results can be used for the design and optimization of the device.

The article introduces the m×n S shape scanning field division method and the arbitrary scanning field division method.


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Question: The optical communication system

An optical communication system (10) comprises a plurality of interconnected rings bidirectional optical waveguides (20,30,40,50,60), with the spread of the radiation in these rings modulated traffic. Radiation is divided into 32 different frequency bands. In the traffic propagating in the ring from one ring to another ring system (10) includes an interface (70,80,90,100,110,120). Each interface (70) capable of providing an all-optical reconfigurable band communication link between the rings. Each interface, when the communication traffic from one ring to another ring does not need to convert optical radiation into corresponding electrical signals, so as to provide a comparison with the conventional optical communication system, a potentially larger communication bandwidth system .

This paper analyzes the PLC system of the general-purpose material handing robot and focus on the design and application of the system.


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Question: Reviews: Current Concepts in Alzheimer's Disease: A Multidisciplinary Review

This comprehensive, pedagogically-oriented review is aimed at a heterogeneous audience representative of the allied disciplines involved in research and patient care. After a foreword on epidemiology, genetics, and risk factors, the amyloid cascade model is introduced and the main neuropathological hallmarks are discussed. The progression of memory, language, visual processing, executive, attentional, and praxis deficits, and of behavioral symptoms is presented. After a summary on neuropsychological assessment, emerging biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid assays, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, and electrophysiology are discussed. Existing treatments are briefly reviewed, followed by an introduction to emerging disease-modifying therapies such as secretase modulators, inhibitors of Abeta aggregation, immunotherapy, inhibitors of tau protein phosphorylation, and delivery of nerve growth factor.

1. Cardiovascular Status 2. Cardiovascular Syndromes 3. Specific Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Heart Disease, Valvular Heart Disease, Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 4. Delivery of Cardiac Care


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Question: Adaptive Fuzzy Fitness Granulation in Structural Optimization Problems

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Computational complexity is a prohibitive factor in evolutionary optimization of sufficiently large and/or complex problems. Much of this computational complexity is due to the fitness function evaluation that may either not exist or be computationally very expensive. Here, we investigate the use of fitness granulation via an adaptive fuzzy similarity analysis as applied to two different hardware design problems that are evaluated using finite element analysis. The first design problem is a relatively simpler 2-D truss frame design with 36 parameters while the second problem is piezoelectric voltage and pattern arrangement design for static shape control in which 200 parameters are optimized. In comparison with standard application of evolutionary algorithms, statistical analysis reveals that the proposed method significantly decreases the number of fitness function evaluations while finding equally good or better solutions. Additionally, this more improvement is indicated with higher problem complexity.

Preliminaries.- An Overview of Empirical Process Optimization.- Elements of Response Surface Methods.- Optimization Of First Order Models.- Experimental Designs For First Order Models.- Analysis and Optimization of Second Order Models.- Experimental Designs for Second Order Models.- Statistical Inference in Process Optimization.- Statistical Inference in First Order RSM Optimization.- Statistical Inference in Second Order RSM Optimization.- Bias Vs. Variance.- Robust Parameter Design and Robust Optimization.- Robust Parameter Design.- Robust Optimization.- Bayesian Approaches in Process Optimization.- to Bayesian Inference.- Bayesian Methods for Process Optimization.- to Optimization of Simulation and Computer Models.- Simulation Optimization.- Kriging and Computer Experiments.- Appendices.- Basics of Linear Regression.- Analysis of Variance.- Matrix Algebra and Optimization Results.- Some Probability Results Used in Bayesian Inference.


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Question: Universal Basic Income and Helicopter Money

A unique opportunity for testing whether universal basic income (UBI) on the European level is a realistic option could be provided by its monetary financing as an alternative to “traditional” fiscal financing. Fiscal financing of UBI would namely request a much larger European “federal” budget financed by a specific European tax or by participation of the “federation” on some of the existing tax bases, and by agreed upon allotment of the accumulated “federal” fiscal revenues. Though ensuing redistribution of GDP would be relatively modest, the European UBI without an alternative to the tax revenues requirements remains illusionary. Helicopter money (HM) replacing quantitative easing (QE) might provide such an alternative. Modalities of its implementation differ and the idea raises questions of its compliance with the legal regime of the ECB and opens many other topics such as the effectiveness of “QE for the people” and its long-run consequences.

Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


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Question: Centrifugal Casting and Characterisation of Primary Silicon and Mg2Si Dispersed Aluminium Functionally Graded Materials

Aluminium based FGM rings, reinforced by in-situ primary Si and primary Si/ Mg2Si hybrid reinforcement were successfully fabricated by centrifugal casting and micro structural, chemical, hardness and corrosion characteristics were evaluated. It was observed that in Al-20Si ring the primary Si particles were present mostly in inner region and few in outer region where as in Al-20Si-3Mg ring both the primary silicon and Mg2Si were completely found in the inner region only resulting in a graded FGM structure. The hardness values were measured along radial direction of samples and variations corresponding to micro structural variation were analysed. Optical Emission spectroscopic studies have revealed the remarkable compositional changes along radial direction. Corrosion characteristics were also evaluated both in particle rich and depleted regions.

Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


Question: Short screening tests for dementia in the elderly population. II. The combined use of more than one test

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In the present report, the effects of combining two or more of four short screening tests for dementia in the elderly population were studied using GMS-AGECAT organic levels as the criterion. Both the combined cut-off scores and the summed test scores appeared to have clear advantages over the use of one test for the efficacy of case detection and for the comparability of studies. Costs and benefits of this procedure are discussed. In population-based studies the addition of another screening test to the MMSE is recommended.

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', '540 Background: Acquired endocrine resistance to both SERMs and AIs, is a major clinical problem and a leading cause of treatment failure in post menopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Trilostane (Modrenal) has been shown to modulate binding of estrogen to both estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and block cell proliferation in breast cancer cells mediated through both ERE and AP1-dependent pathways. Methods: A total of 714 post-menopausal women with assessable progressing advanced breast cancer were treated with trilostane in eleven centers world-wide. All patients had received prior endocrine and/or chemotherapy. Results: Of the 714 patients, 616 (86%) were known or assumed to be ER+ and of these, 164 (27%) had an objective response (OR = CR + PR = 3 mths) and a further 65 (10%) had disease stabilisation (DS = 6 mths), giving an overall clinical benefit rate (CBR) of 37%. Within this ER+ cohort, 453 patients received trilostane for >12 weeks and achieved an OR of 36% an...']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'Trilostane, an effective signal transduction inhibitor for advanced ER+ve and ER-ve post-menopausal breast cancer']"

Missing items in the Mini Mental State examination are dealt with in different ways. The main aims of this study were to calculate a weighted item score for organic disorder on the basis of the item score of the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE) test regardless of the completeness of the test and to compare the criterion validity of the weighted scores with the ordinal scores for the SMMSE test. With a participation of 91%, the study included 100 nursing residents. All residents were tested with the SMMSE test and concurrently diagnosed in accordance with the ICD-10 by a consultant psychiatrist. The two assessments were mutually blinded. Multiple conditional forward logistic regression was used to select the items that most strongly predicted organic disorder as assessed by the psychiatrist. The weighted score had significantly better validity parameters, performed better on a receiver operating curve (ROC), and was better at dichotomizing the population into organic disorder than the com...


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Question: Effect of Violation of the Continuity of Materials by Dispersed Microcracks on the Electroelastic Parameters of Piezoceramics

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A continual model of deformation of piezoelectric materials weakened by a system of microcracks dispersed over the bulk of the material is constructed with use of the energy method. This method is based on the assumption of equivalence of the strain energy of the cracked electroelastic medium and the strain energy of a continuum modeling the indicated medium. A generalization of the Eshelby principle is used to determine the strain energy of microinhomogeneous media with inclusions.


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Question: [Isolation and characterization of two marine algicidal bacteria against the Phaeocystis globosa].

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The algae-lysis bacteria Y01 and Y04 were isolated from seawater, during a red tide survey of the Zhuhai Estuary in southern China. The algae-lysis bacteria Y01 and Y04 were Gram-positive bacteria which can remove P. globosa in 6 days. The lysing process was observed by microscope and SEM, both of them could directly lyse P. globosa. The strains were identified by the sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. The length of the two bacteria's sequences were 1 468 bp and 1 548 bp (strain Y01: DQ531607; strain Y04: DQ531608). The DNA sequence similarity searches showed that share more than 99.7% sequence homology with some strain of Bacillus. The algae-lysing bacteria would provide a possibility to control P. globosa red-tide by microbial agents.

Resting cell formation in algae and cyanobacteria is one of the strategies developed for withstanding adverse environmental conditions. This note informs about the different capacities of such resting cells to germinate after long-term dark preservation at 4 °C in Anabaena variabilis (Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyta) and Haematococcus lacustris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales).


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Question: Speedch training of cerebral palsy of children

Nealy 80％ cerebral palsy infant are accompanied with speech obstacle at different degree,which always lead to intelligent and communication difficulties,much attention should be paid on special training.This arcle will introduce the four main aspects types of speech obstacle,the reason of speech obstable,the examination and evaluation of speech obstacle,and treatment of speech obstacle.

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The authors in this papers gives review on some deficits perceptual abilities of children, especially risk born children. The perceptual-motorics deficits are noticed in case of prematurely born children, risk born children , children with cerebrale disfunction, autistic and emotionaly deranged children, children with phyisical anomalies and some combined conditions. Assessment of perceptual-motorics abilities is separately important in total evaluation of development abilities primary school with consideration that deficits in that field social, emotional, academic and physical consequeces. Key words: deficits, perceptual abilities, risk born children.


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Question: Optimal inspection policy with two types of imperfect inspection probabilities

Abstract We discuss a typical inspection model taking account of the following two imperfect inspection probabilities: Consider a system whose failure can be detected only by inspection. However, two kinds of imperfect inspections are possible; (a) the system may be regarded as its failure even if it is normally operating due to imperfect inspection, (b) the system may be incapable of detecting its failure due to imperfect inspection. For this model, we obtain the structure of the optimal policy, and discuss the optimal policy which minimizes the total expected cost up to the detection of system failure. Finally, we give the numerical examples.

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Burn-in is a widely used engineering method to screen out defects before the product is shipped to the customer. We investigate the two-stage burn-in procedure as a means of improving the outgoing product quality. The first stage involves a high stress level burn-in to screen out material defects, and the second stage involves a low stress level burn-in to detect manufacturing defects. Repairable and nonrepairable system burn-ins are discussed. A cost model is formulated to derive the optimal burn-in plan.


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Question: General Medicine: Nifedipine Better Than Biofeedback for Raynaud's Phenomenon

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The symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) are rarely dangerous but sometimes are sufficiently annoying to warrant treatment. Researchers designed this

Progress in Alzheimer's Disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Familial Alzheimer's Disease and Biology of Presenilins. Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in Alzheimer's Disease. Clinical Evaluation of Alzheimer's Disease. Progress in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Novel Drug Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibitors. New Treatment on the Horizon in Alzheimer's Disease. Progress in Parkinson's Disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis. Familial Parkinson's Disease. Clinical Topics in Parkinson's Disease. Progress in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Dopamine Agonists. Mechanism and Treatment of Motor Complications. Treatment of Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Surgical Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. New Treatment on the Horizon in Parkinson's Disease. Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Familial Frontotemporal Dementia and Related Disorders.


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Question: Mapping a diffraction field close to an obstacle

Demonstrates the effectiveness of the optically modulated scatterer technique as a probe for EMC measurements. As a practical test, the authors have measured the spatial distribution of the known microwave field caused by diffraction by a half-plane. The field was produced by directing linearly polarized 10 GHz radiation from a horn antenna on to the edge of a plane conducting sheet with an angle of incidence of approximately 45/spl deg/ and with the electric field parallel to the edge. The amplitude and phase of the electric field were measured on both sides of the sheet at distances from the edge down to a small fraction of a wavelength, and the results were compared with a modified form of Sommerfeld's classical theory in which the source is a line current parallel to the edge. The spatial phase pattern matched well everywhere; in regions of small phase gradient the phase agrees to within 10/spl deg/. The amplitude pattern was reproduced with an accuracy of about 5%. >

This paper discusses on holographic imaging based on six lateral phase derivatives. Six lateral derivatives are generated ::: by a high-resolution reflection mode holographic grating that is designed in a “kite” configuration. The integration of the ::: derivative yields the phase and the optical thickness. Demonstration of the proposed approach is carried out for the case ::: of the analysis of the supersonic flow of a small vertical jet, 5.56mm in diameter.


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Given ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Synthesis and Characterization of Nano SnO2 Modification on LiNi0.8Mn0.1Ni0.1O2 Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries'], a positive would be ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract: The precursor material of Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 was prepared by a co-precipitation method to obtain the layered cathode materials LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (811) through roasting with LiOH·H2O. Then the SnO2-modified samples were obtained by adding tin oxide into the ball mill. It was found by XRD characterization of the original and modified samples, that the addition of SnO2 did not change the layered structure of the raw materials. Microstructure and distribution of the SnO2 were analyzed with SEM and EDS. Charge/discharge tests indicated that the SnO2-modified phases improved the cycling stability and rate capability. The results of CV test showed that the polarization of SnO2 modified electrode was smaller. AC impedance showed that SnO2/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 electrode had smaller Rct and Rf value. The above test results indicate that the modification of SnO2 improves the electrochemical performance of cathode material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2.'] & a negative would be ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Announcement Concerning Article RetractionThe following paper has been withdrawn from the database of Mater. Trans., because a description based on a misinterpretation of the experimental results was found by the authors in advance of publication after acceptance.Mater.Trans. 52(2011) Advance view.Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Biomedical β-Type Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy while Maintaining Low Young’s Modulus through Optimizing ω-Phase Precipitation']

Question: The Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions and the seminiferous tubule interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 system.

The testis consists of convoluted seminiferous tubules embedded in a connective tissue matrix, called the interstitium. The seminiferous tubule, in which spermatozoa are produced, comprises the germ cells, the non-proliferating Sertoli cells and the peritubular cells, which surround the Sertoli and germ cells. The seminiferous epithelium consists of continually dividing germ cells and Sertoli cells, which stop dividing during puberty. The interstitium contains a mixture of blood and lymph vessels, nerves, fibroblast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, occasionally mast cells, and Leydig cells. The last produce androgens crucial for differentiation of the embryonic male reproductive organs, sexualisation of the hypothalamus and brain, and for the formation and control of accessory sex organs, secondary sexual characteristics and spermatogenesis.

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Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK),as a member of serine/threonine protein kinases,play important roles in the regulation of various life activities,including cell growth,development,differentiation and apoptosis after activation. Some components of MAPK pathway,such as cytokines of interleukin-6 (IL-6),fibroblast growth factor (FGF); protein kinase C (PKC),extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK),p38 and substrate of sperm tubulin,could directly or indirectly regulate the sperm motility. Studies on MAPK signal transduction pathway will be beneficial for exploring molecular mechanism of asthenospermia and seeking for new methods of asthenospermia therapy.


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Question: Response to individual selection for age at sexual maturity in Atlantic salmon

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Abstract Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that mature sexually at 1 year of age (as parr or precocious males), at 4 years of age (after two winters in the sea) and at 5 years of age (after three winters in the sea) were used to study response to individual selection for age at sexual maturity. Six mating groups were made: between fish of the same age (4 × 4 and 5 × 5); reciprocal matings between 4- and 5-year-old fish (4 × 5 and 5 × 4); and matings between 1-year-old precocious males and 4- and 5-year-old females (1 × 4 and 1 × 5). Parental age at sexual maturity was found to influence markedly the offspring age at sexual maturity. The heritability for age at maturity in the sea was estimated at 0.48 ± 0.20 from the offspring—dam regression. It is concluded that there is considerable opportunity to alter the age at sexual maturity in Atlantic salmon through selection. Evidence was found that maturation of parr is a heritable trait and that it is independently inherited from maturation in the sea.

Erratum to: Differences in mate location behaviours between residents and nonresidents in a territorial butterfly


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Question: Pyridine N-oxide complexes of Cu(II) ions with pseudohalides: Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization

Abstract The presented work describes the synthesis of copper(II) thiocyanate and dicyanamide complexes with pyridine-N-oxide ligands in water/methanol solution at ambient temperature. The synthesized compounds, [Cu(SCN)2(pyrO)2] (1), [Cu(SCN)2(bypO2)] (2), [Cu(dca)(PF6)(bypO2)2(H2O)]n (3) and [Cu(bypO2)3](BF4)2·4H2O (4) where pyrO, bypO2 and dca are pyridine-N-oxide, 2,2′-bipyridine-N,N′-dioxide and sodium dicyanamide, were characterized by microanalyses and physico-chemical methods. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that complexes 1, 2 and 4 are mononuclear, while complex 3 is polynuclear, in which copper(II) ions are linked by μ1,5-dca bridges.

Heterometallic complexes have been synthesized by the interaction of TiIV and SnIV chlorides with NiII and CoII enaminoketonates and enaminoiminates. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility and i.r. spectroscopy. The catalytic properties of the complexes in the preparation of linear low density polyethylene have been studied.


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Question: Index generation program and search program

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To minimize filter noise for a target filter for a string search with respect to document data in one aspect. According to one embodiment, depending on whether or not a document element having at least a predetermined number of subelements exists in a document file, a computer: switches between a control process involving determining whether to include data in the document file in any of a plurality of blocks for each document element in a hierarchy of the subelements, or for each document element or each document element in a hierarchy of elements that are higher than the document elements; and, according to said control process, which corresponds to the switching, divides the document file into the plurality of blocks, and for each data item thereby obtained, generates index information indicating whether or not each data item includes prescribed character information.

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The operating system and method of domain profile using the database in the core framework for SDR terminal is disclosed. And many managers are logged domain profiles needed to install and run the application in a database text files instead of recording to an existing XML file in the SCA core framework of the SDR terminal with a base of software architecture (Software Communications Architecture) stored in the database and management. If you put your application on the device, SDR terminal multiple managers within the core framework for their execution and load the DB database text file first, to reduce the parsing time to quickly look up the domain profile from the database to improve the system performance. SD Al, S ssieyi, domain profile, parsing, database


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Question: Community planning of social services in the Central Bohemia region

The community planning of social services (CPSS) method focuses at planning the development of social services at a local and regional level. CPSS ensures the effective functioning of social services and allows for the efficient use of funds. The goal is to provide accessible services at a level of higher-quality, which respond to the current needs of users and are transparent, with funding allotted only to those services which are really needed etc.

Keep moving: Improving the mobility of older people. : An example of research collaboration in Europe.


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Question: Discussion on Sports Arbitration, Non Litigation Adjudication and Reconsideration and Its Construction

From the point of sports arbitration and reconsideration, this paper discusses the construction and application of sports arbitrary and reconsideration system. The result shows that it is the main trend of judicial arbitration for sports dispute. We should pay attention to sports arbitration and reconsideration system construction and concrete implementation.

Lobbying Towards a Global Standard-Setter A Fair Go for Fair Value The Behavior Modification Impact of International Accounting Standards on Decision-Making and Risk Management Fair Value-The Basis of International Financial Reporting Standards Fair Value Accounting under IAS/IFRS: Concepts, Reasons, Criticisms Adopting and Implementing International Financial Reporting Standards in Transition Economies International Convergence A Meta-National Perspective on Accounting and Auditing in Nonprofit Organizations How About Performance Audits For Public Companies


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Question: Necessity of parametric conditions for monotonic TSK fuzzy systems

Input-output monotonicity is an important property found in many physical systems. This paper reviews parametric conditions of monotonic Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy systems, and discusses its sufficiency and necessity. In author's previous work, the sufficiency of the conditions was shown, but the necessity has remained an open question. This study analytically proves that the necessity holds when a single-input TSK fuzzy system employs two rules. For the cases of three rules, counter examples are provided to verify that the necessity of the conditions violates.

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This paper proves the capability of approximation by four-layer regular fuzzy neural networks on the set of all level continuous fuzzy-valued functions according to level convergence. A numerical example is given to illustrate the results.


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Question: Analysis of New Current Source GTO Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive

A new current source GTO thyristor inverter is analyzed with an induction motor as a load. Characteristics of the inverter are described as a result of experiments and simulations. Furthermore, this inverter is compared with the conventional current source inverter.

Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: Method of Measurement of Cross Sections of Heavy Nuclei Fission Induced by Intermediate Energy Protons

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For example, '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title.', 'We present a supervised machine learning system capable of matching internet devices to web cookies through filtering, feature engineering, binary classification, and post processing. The system builds a reasonably sized training and testing data set through filtering and feature engineering. We build 415 features in total. Some of these features were engineered to be O(n) time, stand alone classifiers for this problem. Other features use various natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Meta features are created by ridge regression and Adaboost. Then binary classification through two different gradient boosting (XGBoost with logarithmic loss) models is performed. A post processing pipeline connects devices and cookies in a way that maximizes F_0.5 score. Our machine learning system obtained a private F_0.5 score of 0.849562 for a final rank of 12th/340 on the ICDM 2015: Drawbridge Cross-Device Connections challenge.']' should be close to '['', 'Connecting Devices to Cookies via Filtering, Feature Engineering, and Boosting']'

A method of measurement of total fission cross sections and an experimental set-up are described. Experiments are carried out at the 1 GeV synchrocyclotron of PNPI with an updated beam system which allows one to obtain proton beams of various energies from 200 to 1000 MeV with intensity up to 107 protons/s. The proposed measurement method is based on the registration in coincidence of both fission fragments by two parallel plate avalanche counters. The counters together with the target to be investigated are placed directly on the proton beam which provides a large solid angle acceptance. The beam monitoring is performed by scintillation telescopes. The first preliminary results on energy dependences of total fission cross sections of 238U, 235U, 209Bi and natPb are presented.

Introduction 230 I. Investigation of the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays with Soviet Satellites and Space Rockets 230 1. Procedure 231 2. Chemical Composition of Cosmic Rays. Fluxes of Nuclei of Different Groups and Their Energy Spectra 234 3. Variations of the Flux of the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays and Nuclei of Solar Origin 249 II. Use of Artificial Satellites and Rockets to Investigate the Primary Cosmic Radiation 260 4. Nuclear Component of Galactic Cosmic Rays 260 5. Solar Cosmic Rays and High-latitude Cutoff 262 6. Electron-positron Cosmic-ray Component 263 Literature 266


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Question: Muscle Function Is Impaired in Patients With “Asymptomatic” Primary Hyperparathyroidism

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Background ::: Patients with “asymptomatic” primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) often describe improvement after surgery.

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To give you a sense - "['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title\n\n\nExamples:\nProvided: "A practical synthesis of 1 involving a catalytic enantioselective construction of the quaternary carbon from imine 10 (derived from 13 and 14) and alkyl iodide 5 using Maruoka’s chiral catalyst 11 is described. This asymmetric alkylation followed by hydrolysis to amino acid 9 was accomplished in good yield with high chemical purity (>98%) and chiral purity (>96% ee). The improved synthesis enabled production of 1 in seven chemical steps (six isolations) in an overall yield of 22%." Match: "A Practical Synthesis of a Chiral Analogue of FTY720"', 'Abstract The electro-optical Kerr effect of optically active liquids has been studied theoretically, applying the lamellar model of Jones, and experimentally, by measurement of the solution Kerr constant B12 of a series of solutions of d-and dl-camphor in carbon tetrachloride. Equations are presented which allow the intrinsic phase retardation, δ, associated with the Kerr effect to be determined using the Senarmont method in conjunction with either dc or pulsed electric fields. The method of determining δ, using pulsed electric fields is particularly useful for solutions having an appreciable electrical conductivity. The time-dependent behaviour of a relaxing system, measured using quadratic detection of the optical transient resulting from the application of a pulsed rectangular electric field, is predicted to be essentially unaffected by optical activity over a wide range of δ and optical rotation.']" should be close to "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract:', 'The Electro-Optical Kerr Effect of Optically Active Liquids']"

Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


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Question: Non-contact measurement of oxygen saturation with an RGB camera.

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A novel method (Sophia) is presented to track oxygen saturation changes in a controlled environment using an RGB camera placed approximately 1.5 m away from the subject. The method is evaluated on five healthy volunteers (Fitzpatrick skin phenotypes II, III, and IV) whose oxygen saturations were varied between 80% and 100% in a purpose-built chamber over 40 minutes each. The method carefully selects regions of interest (ROI) in the camera image by calculating signal-to-noise ratios for each ROI. This allows it to track changes in oxygen saturation accurately with respect to a conventional pulse oximeter (median coefficient of determination, 0.85).

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An application of a commercially available ratiometric voltage to frequency convertor to the problem of light source fluctuations in optical absorption spectroscopy is described. The performance of the device is evaluated using a tungsten-halogen lamp and a xenon arc source.


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Question: Luminescence of Si-Based C_(60)Mesoporous Compound Material

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The mesoporous compound materials of C 60 adjacent to porous silicon or Si based nanoporous alumina are fabricated and characterized by using the photoluminescence(PL) and photoluminescence excitation(PLE)spectra.It is observed that the deposition of C 60 can affect the PL spectra of porous silicon,can affect while C 60 has no effect on the PL spectra of Si based nanoporous alumina,as can be explained with the luminescence mechanism of the Si based porous materials.

Abstract : Contents: Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs superlattices, Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa(2), Electronic structure study of the Pt-Ga intermetallic thin films on GaAs (100) using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, RHEED Studies of Epitaxial Growth of CoGa on GaAs by MBE-Determination of epitaxial phases and orientations, Internal Photoemission in CoGa/GaAs Schottky Barriers, Possible Injection of Electrons into the L Valley, Chemistry of Metal/ Compound-Semiconductor Interfaces, Phase Stability Versus The Lattice Mismatch of (100)Co1-xGa(x) Thin Films on (100)GaAs, Electrical resistivity of ultrathin, epitaxial CoGa on GaAs, and Growth and Annealing of Co(1-x)Ga(x) Thin Films on GaAs (100).


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Question: Labor Productivity and Work Sampling: The Bottom Line

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This paper describes the relationship between labor productivity and direct work as reported in work‐sampling studies. Seven data bases, collected primarily from nuclear‐power‐plant construction projects, are used. Investigations of a 30‐project data base show that direct work is better in the winter than during the rest of the year, is best during the start‐up and testing phase, and has improved since the Three Mile Island accident. It is concluded that these results are illogical. Using linear regression models, the paper shows that direct work is not related to productivity. This conclusion is based on three assumptions: Reducing wait time leads to increased direct‐work time, increased direct‐work time leads to better productivity, and better productivity is accompanied by less time spent waiting. Each assumption is tested, and the model statistics show very poor correlations and predictive capabilities. The most reliable data base, consisting of 46 data points, yielded an ra2 value of 0.00 and a stand...

From Misconception to Indifference Cash Management by Default The Fundamentals of a Cash Management Program Implementation The Quick Fix and Final Control Automation Future Trends in Cash Management Cash, The Equalizer.


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Question: Unsupervised classification for multi-sensor data in remote sensing using Markov random field and maximum entropy method

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For example, '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'The advances of research on citrinin in Chinese red yeast rice is reviewed in this paper.Meanwhile the writer gives a detail discussion on the physical and chemical characteristic of citrinin,biosynthetic pathway of citrinin in Monascus spp.,toxicity of citrinin and red yeast rice,particularly,on determination methods of citrinin and how to decrease the content of citrinin in Chinese red yeast rice.']' should be close to '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Advances of research on citrinin in red yeast rice']'

Employs a multi-stage algorithm that makes use of spatial contextual information in a hierarchical clustering procedure for unsupervised image segmentation. The hierarchical clustering algorithm is based on similarity measures between all pairs of candidates being considered for merging. The multi-stage algorithm involves a local segmentor and a global segmentor. The data from individual sensors are integrated into a set of multidimensional data and it is then applied to the hierarchical clustering algorithm based on linear statistics under the assumption of an additive noise model.

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This book chapter presents recently developed approaches for object tracking in video combining the structural similarity measure with particle filtering techniques.


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Question: Effects of isoproterenol on the dense core and perigranular membrane of atrial specific granules

Following subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO), atrial cells present a large number of partly degranulated or completely clear "specific granules" enclosed by an intact membrane. Such profiles were never encountered in normal controls and might suggest ISO-induced release of a secretory product. Permeability of perigranular membrane was tested using the extracellular macromolecular tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Reaction product was entirely absent within granules of atrial cells in which the sarcolemma was made permeable to HRP molecules by the ISO injections. This seemed to be the case even in heavily labelled cells in which the peroxidase had penetrated the mitochondrial membranes. In atrial cells impermeable to the tracer, the specific granules closely apposed to the sarcolemma were always HRP-negative. The release mechanism of a possible secretory substance from the specific granules is discussed.

Neuronal perikarya, dendrites, extraglomerular neuropil, and synaptic glomeruli were examined by electron microscopy in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd) of the mouse. Particular attention was paid to boutons containing “flattened” synaptic vesicles.


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Question: Report by John H. Bonner on the Palmer-Marsh House

report by John H. Bonner, an attorney in Washington, NC, tracing the ownership of the lots on which the Palmer Marsh house stands. Worth including.

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Photo of Norma and Buzzie Perry. The photo was taken by Woltz, Des Moines. From Group 13 (the Perry Family) of the Henry Homer Sears Estate Albums.


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Question: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology reviewer acknowledgement 2014

Contributing reviewersThe editors of BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology would like to thank all of our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 15 (2014).

Article in Health promotion journal of Australia: official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals 3(3):10-14 · January 1993


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Question: Damage Assessment System of Linear Infrastructure Objects during Flooding using Probabilistic Graphical Models

In the thesis, a damage assessments system for linear infrastructure objects during flooding based on probabilistic graphical models is developed. The focus of the work is the fusion of several information sources, such as remote sensing imagery, digital elevation models and water gauge measurements. The developed probabilistic graphical models provide a consistent statistical framework for the fusion of the data and simultaneously consider the topology of the infrastructure objects.

Traditional Management and Management Engineering.- Dynamic Supply and Demand Balance Problems.- Linear and Probabilistic Resource Optimization and Allocation Problems.- Forecasting of Time Series.- Business Intelligence and Data Mining.- The Use of Game Theory.- Summary of Some Fundamental Management Engineering Principles.- Concluding Remarks.


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Question: Markov Modeling of Colonoscopy Gestures to Develop Skill Trainers

Colonoscopy is a complex procedure which requires considerable skill by the clinician in guiding the scope safely and accurately through the colon, and in a manner tolerable to the patient. Excessive pressure can cause the colon walls to distend, leading to excruciating pain or perforation. Concerted efforts by the ASGE have led to stipulating guidelines for trainees to reach necessary expertise. In this paper, we have analyzed the motion of the colonoscope by collecting kinematics data using 4 electromagnetic position sensors. Further, 36 feature vectors have been defined to capture all possible gestures. These feature vectors are used to train Hidden Markov Models to identify critical gestures that differentiate expertise. Five expert attending clinicians and four fellows were recruited as part of this study. Experimental results show that roll of the scope shows maximum differentiation of expertise.

Introduction Overview, R.R. Hoffman and A.B. Markman Angels of Regard: Psychology Meets Technology in the Perception and Interpretation of Non-literal Imagery, R.R. Hoffman and A.B. Markman The Communication of Topographic Perspectives and Forms Human Factors in the Interpretation of Physiology by Symbolic and Numerical Representations within an Expert System, D.P. Argialas and G. Ch. Miliaresis Scenes into Numbers: Facing the Subjective in Landform Quantification, R.J. Pike Seeing the Invisible On the Psychophysics of Night Vision Goggles, W.R. Uttal and R.W. Gibb Human Perception of Sensor-Fused Imagery, E.A. Essock Seeing the Dynamics Components of Expertise in the Perception and Interpretation of Meteorlogical Charts, R.L. Lowe The Role of Remote Sensing Displays in Planetary Atmospheric Research, A.D. Del Genio The Skilled Interpretation of Weather Satellite Images: Learning to See Patterns and Not Just Cues, H.M. Mogil


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Question: Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas

Abstract Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas are unusual tumors. Three such cases are reported.

Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare, so clinicopathologic features are not fully elucidated. We report a large extragastrointestinal stromal tumor of the lesser omentum mimicking a liver tumor.


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Question: Mode I type interlaminar fracture toughness of Cu plated Gd-YBCO coated conductor

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Abstract The mode I type fracture toughness tests using DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) specimens were applied for a newly developed Gd- YBCO coated conductor with modified buffer layers in order to quantitatively characterize the delamination resistance. The fracture toughness values were about 5 to 10 J/m2. EDS, XPS and AES analyses of the delaminated surface showed that the fracture location of the layered structure was categorized as the following two parts; Gd-YBCO layer and GZO/Hastelloy interface. Since the delamination locations were localized within rather brittle components, the delamination toughness of this Gd-YBCO coated conductor was rather low.

Paper detailing the temperature and volume fraction effects on the erosion-oxidation of Ni-Cr/WC metal matrix composites.


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Question: Implementation of virtual control strategies for natural rehabilitation of arm with visual and force feedback

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Robotic training following stroke is an emerging rehabilitation technique to facilitate neuromuscular plasticity for regaining functional movements. Most existing training robots follow a defined task-based trajectory in assistive or resistive mode. Whilst this approach may be effective in certain cases it does not allow training of arm or leg in a natural way as the motion is precisely guided by the robot or exoskeleton. The ideal training would be to allow arm/leg follow a trajectory naturally without any augmented support and bring it back when the limb is diverted significantly from the goal. This paper presents implementation of this approach in a virtual environment using a simple force feedback joystick. This will guide the arm within a tunnel of trajectory by providing assistance or resistance depending on location of the arm. The technique can be extended for 3-dimensoional arm movement which can help learn neural plasticity naturally.

We solve the direct problem of mathematical modelling as it applies to the shaping part of autocompensation systems implementing the principles of combined control of radio-signal amplitude.


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Question: Does the work of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) have any relevance for the United States

The growing emphasis on evidence-based decision- making in health care, especially regarding health technologies, has generated notable debate and discussion in the U.S. around establishing a more formalized process or system for conducting comparative effectiveness research. In the eyes of many observers, this is quite similar to the HTA programs existing in a number of European countries. The National Institute for three types of guidance, including technology appraisals, clinical guidelines, and interventional procedures. In mid-2005, NICE also assumed the responsibilities of the Health Development Agency (HDA), which provided the Institute with authority to develop guidance on public health interventions or programmes.

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This article uses public policy objectives formulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to demonstrate the ways in which the Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health (SASH) operates as a sexual health organization.


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Question: Transformer-less Series Voltage Sag Compensator Without Energy Storage Capacitor for Three-phase three-line Systems

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Examples:
Provided: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Applying modified vertical-line method,rational width of protective coal-seam for expressway over 1312 mining face of Sanyuan Colliery was obtained by calculating movement angle of rock. Surface movement and stress of overlying strata was simulated with FLAC3 Dso as to determine rational width of protective coal-seam. Theoretical calculation was nearly the same with numerical simulation result,it was finally determined as 245 mm.']" Match: "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Application of Modified Vertical-line Method in Protective Coal-pillar for Expressway']"

A novel main circuit topology of transformer-less series voltage sag compensator is proposed. The sagged voltages are compensated by half bridge inverters, which are directly connected in series with the residual voltages and are charged by the residual line-to-line voltages. The proposed compensator can compensate symmetrical three-phase sags down to 37%, or one or two phase sags down to zero if at least one phase is rated voltage. Besides the excellent compensation property related to the compensating depth, the proposed system only need small capacitance in the inverters because they are continuously charged by the residual voltages during the sags. In fact the capacitors are not energy storers but filters, so there is no limit on their compensating time interval. Theoretical analysis is done and the concerned results are derived. Simulation results on resistance loads demonstrated the compensating performances.

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Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: Electron transfer reactions in microporous solids. Progress report, September 1990--January 1993

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Basic thrust the research program involves use of microporous solids (zeolites, clays, layered and tunnel structure oxide semiconductors) as organizing media for artificial photosynthetic systems. Purpose of the microporous solid is twofold. First, it induces spatial organization of photoactive and electroactive components (sensitizers, semiconductor particles, electron relays, and catalysts) at the solid-solution interface, enhancing the quantum efficiency of charge separation and separating physically the ultimate electron donor and acceptor in the electron transport chain. Second, since the microcrystalline solid admits only molecules of a certain charge and size, it is possible to achieve permanent charge separation by sieving chemical photoproducts (e.g., H{sub 2} and I{sub 3}{sup {minus}}, or H{sub 2} and O{sub 2)} from each other. Spectroscopic and electrochemical methods are used to study the kinetics of electron transfer reactions in these hybrid molecular/solid state assemblies.

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Activities of the Explosives Group of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory for the months of September, October, and November 1958 are presented.


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Question: How PAs help practices in rural areas, during holidays

Physician assistants can improve the quality of care and reduce physicians’ burden, especially when they want to take a vacation.

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Expanding behavioral health offerings helps increase access to mental well-being support and treatment.


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Question: Talking about the policemen's spirits in the new time

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The author was talking about the connotation and the action of the policemen's spirits, and setting forth the importance or the necessity which training the policemen's spirits. At last, the author was pointing out the basic thinking which training the policemen's spirits, namely, building the police by politics, manage the police by morals, manage the police by law, training the police by culture and so on.

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It was Chinese Communist Party in 1930s that tried to investigate circumstances of staff members in Shanghai. In 1941, Authority of public settlement set about similar survey. Chinese Communist Party's knowledge about movement committee of staff members came from participation in survey. Being different from Communist Party, authority of public settlement made use of statistical sampling in the survey.


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Question: Multi-mJ Energy, Multi-MW Peak-Power Photonic Crystal Fiber Amplifiers with Near-Diffraction-Limited Output

We report on large-core (up to 100 mum diameter) Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifiers delivering ~1 ns pulses of pulse energy/peak power up to 4.2 mJ/ 4.5 MW, in output beams of high spatial quality (M2 < 1.3).

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Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Stem cell differentiation is a fundamental biological process of particular interest for regenerative medicine. Differentiated cells have been characterised using mid-infrared FTIR microscopy but the use of spatially unresolved spectroscopy remains unexplored. Evanescent waveguide sensing may allow non-contact, label-free and real-time monitoring of differentiation. We report preliminary FTIR-ATR measurements which successfully distinguish between lysates of cells grown under different conditions and initial results on the fabrication of mid-infrared Ta2O5 waveguides. We also identify potential routes to a wholly self-contained analytical device.']" Match: "['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Mid-infrared Ta2O5 waveguides for evanescent sensing of stem cell differentiation']"

This chapter contains sections titled: The Vernier Effect DBR-Type Laser Structures Interferometric Structures Codirectionally Coupled Laser Diodes Combination of Techniques Comparison of Widely Tunable Monolithic Laser Structures This chapter contains sections titled: References


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Question: Development and preliminary validation of an ageism scale for dental students

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PURPOSE/AIM:This work presents the preliminary validation of a novel scale assessing ageism attitudes among dental students. METHOD AND MATERIALS:A 27-question scale was created based on existing ageism scales. The new ageism scale was applied to 144 dental students. Content validity was achieved by experts' consensus. Questions whose deletion increased the overall α, loading < 0.40, loading on more than one factors, or those unexpectedly grouped in another factor were thoroughly examined. Principal Component Analysis assessed internal structure of the measure. RESULTS:The final ageism scale included four items in a single factor that explained 58.5% of the overall variance with substantially higher reliability than other factors. The Cronbach's α for this single four-items factor was 0.75. CONCLUSIONS:This preliminary analysis of a novel ageism scale for dental professionals pointed to four items achieving high reliability, providing guidance for a future definitive validation study with a larger sample.

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Purpose ::: The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a brief family screener, identifying families at universal or elevated risk for psychosocial problems. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and usability of the electronic PAT (ePAT) in pediatric cancer care.


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Question: Singaporean Cultures of Migration and Media

In chapter 2, I encouraged us to develop a cosmopolitan approach to study our experiences of migration and media. I also introduced my approach of “glocal cosmopolitanism.” In designing this approach, my thinking has been greatly enriched by our advanced resources on cosmopolitanism. But although we have developed sophisticated concepts of cosmopolitanism, these concepts reflect predominantly Western views of a globalized “interconnected world,” views from the “old ‘core’ of the modern world system” (Calhoun, 2010, p. 597). To further cultivate our cosmopolitan thinking, we need to include a broader diversity of worldviews.

A Helping Hand for Arts, Drama,Music And Film Students! General Tools and Research Information


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Question: Three-effect composite oxide catalyst and its preparing process

A three-effect composite oxide catalyst uses cellular cordierite ceramics as the first carrier and the alumina coating as the second carrier. Its active component is composed of composite metal oxides with perovskite structure as internal layer and Pd as external layer. Its preparing process includes first dipping the second carrier coat on the first carrier, then dipping the said internal layer active component, further dipping the said external layer active component, and finally introducing hydrogen for reduction. Its advantages include high effect on conveying CO, HC and NOx in exhausted gas to CO2, H2O and N2, low igniting temp., good thermal stability and long service life.

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The present invention relates to a novel carbon nanotube powder comprising carbon nanotubes having a hoisting-shaped structure. The present invention further provides a novel carbon nanotube having a hoisting-shaped structure, and novel method of manufacturing the carbon nanotube powder and carbon nanotubes, and their use as additives or materials for various applications.


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Question: Michelangelo the Last Judgment: A Glorious Restoration

Michelangelo's The Last Judgment (1534), painted on the rear wall of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, is considered by many to be the artist's masterpiece and one of the most important works in the history of art. In this book, the newly cleaned and restored fresco is presented in all its powerful complexity. Richly illustrated with 150 magnificent full-color images- showing the painting both in its entirety and in many close-up details-the book offers an in-depth study of the work itself and of the restoration process. -- CCI=IC

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Introduction Flight From Freedom Flight From Confrontation The "Niggar" Situation of Egyptian Women Joy in Life and Love of This World Degradation of True Faith Flight from Political Realities Coping with the Absurdity of Existence Mahfouz's Spiritual Contribution Appendix: Mahfouz's Life, His Works, and the Critical Reaction Selected Bibliography Index


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Question: The influence of external factors on morphology of graphite in grey cast iron

One of the methods, which improved unification of structure may be application of forced movement in time of metal crystallization. In studies to generating of forced movement of liquid metal was applied electromagnetic filed. In aim of determination of electromagnetic field influence on morphology of graphite was made a comparison between microstructure of cast iron ingots, which were poured in conventional conditions and with action of electromagnetic field. The results of studies show improvement in graphite morpholgy on condition that suitably slow process of casting solidification.

This publication comprises a comprehensive collection of articles - also suggesting promising directions for future research, such as an increase in fundamental work on the control of the microstructure of the iron-rich matrix, and studies aimed at a better understanding of graphite growth from the liquid phase.


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Question: Flexible Staffing Arrangements and Employers' Short-Term Adjustment Strategies

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E.g.:
['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Accurate fault diagnosis is a crucial success factor in achieving system dependability. The unambiguity of a diagnosis is critically dependent on the number of observations available for the inference process. Observability, therefore, significantly determines diagnostic quality. In this paper we introduce the notion of a temporal and a spatial dimension to observability of Model-Based Diagnosis, and study their impact on diagnostic quality. We use uncertainty, measured as the expected entropy of a diagnosis after observation, as quality metric. Empirical results confirm that for both dimensions an increase in observability always leads to a reduction of expected, diagnostic entropy. However, the temporal and the spatial reduction factors differ in that they decrease and increase respectively with increasing observability. The results from this study are useful for performing practical trade-offs between additional sensor placements and longer measurement horizons.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Temporal versus Spatial Observability in Model-Based Diagnosis']

This paper reports new evidence from a survey of over 408 U.S. employers concerning their use of temporary and on-call workers. More than 90 percent of responding organizations reported reliance on these flexible staffing arrangements. They accounted for an average of 1.5 percent of total labor input at user organizations during 1985; at some organizations, they accounted for 10 percent or even 20 percent of total labor input. Four-fifths of survey respondents indicated that flexible staffing arrangements play an important role in absorbing workload fluctuations. Moreover, organizations with highly seasonal or highly cyclical demand made significantly greater use of flexible staffing arrangements during 1985 than organizations with less seasonal or less cyclical demand. The use of flexible staffing arrangements appears to be a more important component of employers' short-term adjustment strategies than has previously been recognized.

Introduction Part I: Causes of Interest Group Competition1. Competition and Interest Group Politics2. The Competitive Model3. Studying Contentious Policies4. An Empirical Analysis of Group Competition Part II: Consequences of Interest Group Competition5. Competition in Coalition Politics6. Institutional Constraints on Lobbyist Conflict7. Competition and Gridlock8. Competitive Interest Groups and Deliberative Democracy Appendix 1 Appendix to Chapter 3Appendix 2 Appendix to Chapter 4 ReferencesIndex


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'['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Determination of Several Major and Trace Elements in Copper Lutetium by ICP-AES']' == '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The samples were treated by microwave digestion,and the contents of several major and trace elements in copper lutetium were determined by ICP-AES.The recoveries were from 96.5%—107.0%,and the relative standard deviations were less than 4.0%.The method is simple, rapid and reliable.']' != '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Development of Hydrometallurgical Processes. Industrial Hydroxyoxime Extractants and Their Characteristics. Physicochemistry of Metal Extraction with Hydroxyoximes. Potential of Metal Extraction and Separation with Hydroxyoximes. Application of Hydroxyoximes in Membrane Processes. Processing of Copper Ores. Index.']'

Question: A Study on Green Input-output Model of Large Coal Enterprise

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The traditional input-output table of the coal enterprise,which would better explain the technical and economic relationships between the various departments,can not reflect large quantities of waste generated in the production process,and the environmental damage.The paper adds pollution emission and control into the input-output table,and build the green input-output model of large coal mining company,which can green input-output model of the enterprise system to support the establishment of the coal mine.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Long-Distance Carriers, Mass Transit Systems, Where There Is High-Volume Multimodal Use, True Multi-Modal Transit and the Theory of Rapid Transit


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Question: All the Local Newspapers Played an Influential Role to Upgrade Society Environmentally by Publishing News Related to Specific Fields Involving Local Governmental Institutions: a Critical Study

1. Abstract Media has a massive role in communicating information in various kinds. Particularly, the print media is serving society powerfully with their development in various fields including technological aspects. Within the sharp competition each media wants to hold their audience with continuous innovative items. Environment is such a contemporary subject which has a fair demand. The space is so valuable. In this study, the status of the English and the Bengali dailies in connection with environmental journalism, especially the most available ‘categories’ in local newspapers have been scrutinized. All the local newspapers played an influential role to upgrade society environmentally by mentioning the proper way of balancing environment preferring news related to ‘Law’ and ‘Research / Study / Invention / Discovery / Testing etc.’ involving local governmental institutions.

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For example, ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'AbstractIn 2007, Prime Minister Stephen Harper launched the Americas Strategy, which made the Americas a priority region in Canadian foreign policy. This article reviews the implementation of the strategy, and argues that it is best explained by a combination of domestic factors (such as changes in partisan politics and dominant class interests in Canada) as well as the recent shift towards a “posthegemonic” Americas, resulting from the decline of US power in the region.'] should be similar to ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Canada in the posthegemonic hemisphere: evaluating the Harper government’s Americas strategy']

1. A Theory of Risk for Securitization 2. The Policymakers: Logics Behind the Bilateral Relationship 3. The Policymakers: Risk Analysis of Documents 4. The Progressive Intellectuals: Brief Historical Synopsis 5. The Progressive Intellectuals: Logics Behind the PIDG 6. The Progressive Intellectuals: Risk Analysis of Documents 7. Conclusion


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Question: LibGuides: Taxonomy: Citing Sources

This pathfinder will guide you through the process of researching and comparing a variety of organisms.

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This page describes the contents on the other tabs of the Info Erica subject guide: Subject Guides, Video & Printable Help Guides, and HELP!!!


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Question: A conservative approach to reattach fractured anterior tooth fragment

Dental trauma to the anterior maxillary teeth is common in children, which may result in fracture or tooth dislocation. One of the options for managing coronal tooth fractures when the tooth fragment is available is reattachment, which can provide good and long-lasting aesthetics. This article reports on coronal tooth fracture case that was successfully treated using tooth fragment reattachment. Reattachment of a tooth fragment is a viable technique that restores function and aesthetics with a very conservative approach.

Treatments for complete and incomplete, vertically and obliquely fractured posterior teeth are described. The complexity of fractured posterior teeth makes necessary a different treatment approach for each type of fracture. A review of the literature and treatments for obliquely and vertically directed complete and incomplete fractures are given.


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Question: Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase isoenzyme forms and lipoproteins in normal and pathological sera.

The molecular nature of serum (from normal subjects and from patients affected by various hepatobiliary diseases) gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) isoenzymes has been studied by selective lipoprotein precipitation. Some fractions co-precipitate with LDL + VLDL (pre-beta-, beta-, beta/gamma-, gamma-, and dep-GGT fractions) or with HDL (partial precipitation of alpha 1-GGT in cirrhosis). Alpha 1-GGT + alpha 2-GGT in normal subjects, and Alb-GGT did not precipitate with either of the precipitation treatments. Total GGT and its isoenzymes were stable at 4 degrees C and at -20 degrees C for at least 20 days, with the exception of Alb-GGT which at -20 degrees C decreased by 20%. The percentage of GGT associated with LDL + VLDL appeared to be a possible marker to discriminate liver tumors from cirrhosis. A cut-off value of 20 U/L of this marker yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 87% and a diagnostic specificity of 85%.

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Background ::: The main risk factors for atherosclerosis patients are not fully explicated. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of blood lipid and glycosylated lipoprotein in patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis and healthy individuals and to study the relationship between the glycosylated lipoprotein and atherosclerosis.


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Question: Legal Issues on Adjustment of Agricultural Structure of Beijing

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Based on the characteristic of the agricultural structural adjustment of Beijing,this paper has probed into such legal issues as the conflicts of agricultural structural adjustment and peasants' rights of land contract and management,restriction of the land use control towards agricultural structural adjustment,the interests relation and contracts relation in this process,legal regulation on government's behavior,etc,and has put forward the legislative suggestions on the local regulation of agricultural structural adjustment.

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Mining Non-ferrous Metals The Environmental Impact of Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon Revegetation of Metalliferous Wastes and Land After Metal Mining Vegetative Remediation at Superfund Sites Green Coal Mining Methane Emissions from Coal Mining Constructing Ecosystems and Detecting their Connectivity to the Larger Ecological Landscape The Discharge of Waters from Active and Abandoned Mines Environmental Best-practice in Metals Production. Subject Index.


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Question: Optimization of FDM Manufacturing Parameters of a Biodegradable Thermoplastic (PLA)

Fused deposition modeling FDM is an additive manufacturing technology (AM) at fast growing and that could enhance manufacturing because of its ability to create functional parts and highly innovative with suitable mechanical properties having a complex geometric shape. Various process parameters used in FDM affect the quality of the prototype. The control of these specific parameters involved during the manufacturing is an important activity. For this, the parameters of the 3D printer must be identified and controlled in order to study and optimize their influence on the mechanical properties of prototypes printed using the Taguchi method. The thickness of the layer and the filling orientation are the most influential on the modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength, respectively. Furthermore, the thermomechanical behavior by DMA tests and the requirements to optimize the factors generated by the FDM technology.

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Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


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Question: A probabilistic index for estimating frequency response of a power system with high wind power penetration

Frequency response is a key concern for power system security. Usually, it is estimated in a deterministic approach. But in most cases, power systems behave stochastically. Moreover, presence of wind power imposes further variability on generation profile of a power system. Hence, it appears more pragmatic to address these uncertainties during an evaluation of frequency response. This paper develops an index to assess frequency response of a power system with high wind power penetration. A probabilistic method is used for this purpose. K-means algorithm, a well-known data mining technique is employed. The developed index is called a ‘probabilistic frequency response index’. A realistic interconnected power system is investigated for a case study. Impact of increased wind power penetration on probabilistic frequency response index is analysed.

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This paper investigates the use of plug-in parking lots (SmartPark) as integral energy storage to improve small-signal stability using plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The paper establishes the Phillips-Heffron model of a power system for a SmartPark solution. Based on this model, SmartPark-based stabilisers have been designed based using phase compensation to improve power system oscillation stability. The effectiveness of stabilisation superimposed on the active and reactive power regulators is verified by simulations obtained from a multi-machine power system model with SmartPark and a large-scale wind farm inclusion.


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Question: Pursuing sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: when is it too late?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive disease. In patients with paroxysmal AF at initial clinical evaluation, progression to persistent forms is documented in approximately 10% at 1 year, 25% to 30% at 5 years, and >50% beyond 10 years despite pharmacologic therapy ([1–6][1]). Once AF becomes

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a 4-5 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke and a doubled mortality risk and so its prevention is thus of great importance. There are conflicting data if obesity is a risk factor for AF. ::: ::: What are the predictors of development of persistent AF in obese


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Question: The highest ever recorded floods in the major Indian rivers - a brief appraisal

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A catalogue of the highest ever recorded floods in 52 major Indian rivers at 212 gauge sites have been presented on the basis of flood data upto and including the year 1985.

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For example, ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Algal-fungal interactions are observed due to nutritional ::: interdependency in both the species. Lichens are known for a highly ::: complex algal-fungal symbiosis. Fungal populations are benefitted'] should be similar to ['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Algal Biomass as The Bioenergy Source in Meeting the Fast-Growing Energy Requirements of India: Break-through on Way to Ensure Clean Energy']

River sand mining is widespread in most of the developing and developed countries. Of the different types of fluvial systems, small rivers (catchment area <10,000 km2) are the worst affected due to indiscriminate sand mining than large rivers as the area available for dissipation of negative externalities is low in small river basins. This chapter deals with a brief account of the environmental effects of river sand mining reported from different parts of the world like Arizona, Italy, Kenya, Jamaica and Costa Rica, Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives and India.


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Question: Special Issue on Smart Applications for Smart Cities - New Approaches to Innovation: Guest Editors' Introduction

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper E.g. ['Represent', 'Review(s) of: Environmental and planning law in New South Wales (2nd Edition), by Rosemary Lyster, Zada Lipman, Nicola Franklin, Graeme Wiffen and Linda Pearson, the Federation Press, 2009: 727 pp.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Environmental and planning law in New South Wales (2nd Edition) [Book Review]']

Cities are complex, networked and continuously changing social ecosystems, shaped and transformed through the interaction of different interests and ambitions. Employment, sustainable development, inclusion, security and quality of life are important concerns and in this respect many cities are confronted with a wide range of challenges. Cities, particularly in rural areas, are also facing the implications of ageing population in combination with economic decline [9]. However cities also represent a promise for the future: a vision of freedom, creativity, opportunity and prosperity [4]. More than half of the global population is now urban and projections estimate that this percentage will even grow towards 70 % in 2050 [13]. At the same time, technology is currently promoting unprecedented changes in urban areas, which are often labelled as

1. An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems and Participatory Geographical Information Science 2. A Micro-Macro Framework for Participatory Decision Situations 3. Methods and Tools for Participatory Spatial Decision Support 4. Social Behavioural Research Strategies for Investigating the Use of Participatory Geographical Information Systems 5. Collaborative Spatial Decision Making in Primary Health Care Management 6. Transportation Improvement Program Decision Making 7. Collaborative Decision Making About Habitat Restoration 8. Conclusions and Prospects for Future Research


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Question: Numerical Simulations of Wave–Structure–Soil Interaction of Offshore Monopiles

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AbstractOcean energy converters (OECs) are becoming a more popular source of electricity generated from the ocean. The main obstacle associated with the use of OECs is their high initial installation cost. In light of this, geotechnical engineers have been challenged with revisiting the foundation system, aiming toward more economical design. In this study, finite-element (FE) modeling was used to examine the influence of wave-induced lateral loads on a monopile, a common foundation system for OECs, where wave–structure–soil interaction was considered explicitly. Measured data were used to arrive at two different wave scenarios in conjunction with both regular and irregular wave-surface profiles; the wave-induced lateral forces on the monopile foundation were calculated for each case using diffraction theory and used as input loads in the FE model. A parametric study was then undertaken to examine the influence of a range of wave characteristics and pile/soil parameters on monopile response. The results o...

Wind Characteristics: Strong Winds and Tropical Cyclones. Wind Characteristics: Long Term Wind Statistics. Wind Loading of Tall Buildings. Wind Loading of Low Rise Structures. Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques for Wind Loading. Safety and Risk: Wind Codes Low Rise Building Wind Resistant Design. Wind Loading of Chimneys and Cooling Towers. Wind Loading of Bridges. Wind Loading of Cables and Transmission Lines. Wind Loading of Towers and Offshore Platforms. Fundamentals of Bluff Body Aerodynamics. Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Mathematical Models of Wind Loading. Internal Pressures, Natural Ventilation and Heat Losses Due to Wind. Topographic Modelling, Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants. Wind Environment and Shelter. Wind Characteristics: Structure and Statistics. Wind Characteristics: Flow Over Hills and Ridges. Wind Power Systems. Appendices.


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Question: Method for manufacturing a matt ceramic

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The invention relates to a method (1) for fabricating a matt ceramic part (13, 14, 15, 17, 19) comprising the following steps: a) fabricating (2) a ceramic part; b) sand blasting (7) portions of the ceramic part to make them matt; According to the invention, the method includes the following final step: c) lapping (9) the matt portions in order to level out the surface of the matt portions. The invention concerns the field of timepieces.

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A black second layer containing xylene, petrol and tungsten powder is provided on an unsintered first insulating layer of aluminium oxide and polyvinyl acetate of a filament of an indirectly heated cathode.