Question: represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract

Question: Variance Analysis of Wind Characteristics for Energy Conversion

Abstract Variance analysis of hourly wind data is utilized to assist in wind characteristic assessment for direct energy conversion systems. Feasibility of large-scale wind energy utilization, as well as sitting, sizing and operating policy, depend on the variability of the wind. Several Midwestern sites are used to illustrate a temporal study of variance sources that leads to the evaluation of equivalent independent hours. For the sites considered these vary from two to three per day. This information is utilized to determine duration of survey requirements for stated confidence levels and desired accuracy. Reasonably reliable and accurate estimates of the mean seasonal wind can be obtained in one or two years for the sites analyzed. Autocorrelation and cross-correlation analysis confirms the existence of significant correlation in the wind at a single site for a period of 8–12 h and between sites for similar time lags and separations up to 100 km or more. Meaningful prediction of variation from the mean...

Solar Resource Assessment Workshop, Denver CO, Oct 29, 2008 presentation: Uncertainty for Satellite and Station Solar Data in the Updated NSRDB,


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Question: Shadow codes and weight enumerators

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The technique of using shadow codes to build larger self-dual codes is extended to codes over arbitrary fields. It is shown how to build the codes and how to determine the new weight enumerator as well. For codes over fields equipped with a square root of -1 and not of characteristic 2, a self-dual code of length n+2 can be built from a self-dual code of length n; for codes over a field without a square root of -1 and not of characteristic 2 a self-dual code of length n+4 is built from a self-dual code of length n; and for codes over fields of characteristic 2 the length of the new self-dual code depends on the presence of the all-one vector in the subcode chosen. In certain cases using the subcode of vectors orthogonal to the all-one vector, the new weight enumerator can be calculated directly from the original weight enumerator. Specific examples of the technique are illustrated for codes over F/sub 3/, F/sub 4/, and F/sub 5/. >

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Kuldeep Kumar and Sukanto Bhattacharya Introduce an unexpected quality in natural numbers that can help to detect faked data


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Question: Counterfactual Spatial Distributions

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The influential contributions of DiNardo, Fortin, and Lemieux (1996), Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009), Machado and Mata (2005), and Donald, Green, and Paarsch (2000) provide researchers with a useful toolbox to estimate counterfactual distributions of scalar random variables. These techniques have been widely applied in the literature. Typically, the dependent variable of interest has been a scalar and little consideration has been given to spatial factors. In this paper we propose a simple method to construct the counterfactual distribution of the location of a variable across space. We apply the spatial counterfactual technique to assess 1) how much changes in individual characteristics of Hispanics in the Washington, DC, area account for changes in the distribution of their residential location choices, and 2) how changes in the average characteristics of shareholders account for changes in the spatial distribution of new firms in Quito, Ecuador.

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E.g. ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The review presents data of the most common complication after hemithyroidectomy — hypothyroidism, as well as postoperative hypothyroidism: its subclinical and manifest forms, incidence, the time of occurrence after the surgery, factors affecting the development of postoperative hypothyroidism, among the main ones — the preoperative level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, the age and presence of antithyroid antibodies. The risks of nodulation in the vicarious part of the thyroid gland after hemithyroidectomy were also analyzed. In general, there was no nodule development in the remaining lobe in the short-term period.'] == ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Managing patients with manifest, subclinical and postsurgical hypothyroidism (literature review)']

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Power Losses In Lamellar Gratings

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Power losses in lamellar gratings per groove length are obatined by integrating the square of the tangential component of the magnetic field, obtained from the infinite conductivity solutions, along the grating profile. The groove fields for the perfectly conducting grating are generated by matching a superposition of diffracted plane waves above the grating to an exact solution of the groove boundary value problem for each polarization. Diffraction effects in the groove energy density and in the power losses are clearly evident.

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Introduction: One Is the Lonelist Number The Civic Catechism Agoraphobia The Rite Stuff The Bawdy Politic Selected Bibliography Index


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Question: A study on the efficiency of transportation equipments at automated container terminals

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Since the vessels are getting larger and the efficiency of container terminals is more required, highly automated container terminals are being developed and operated. The ECT in Netherlands and the CTA in Germany - fully automated container terminal (ACT) - have improved productivity through automated yard and transportation areas. But after building these terminals, Automated Shuttle Carriers (ASCs) were developed to make up for the weak points of Automated Guided vehicles (AGVs) through technical development. And these ASCs are in operation at Brisbane berth 7 in Australia. This study presents important considerations to be taken in the design of ACT using ASCs through the analysis of ASC characteristics. It also analyzes and compares the performance of two equipments by using a simulation method.

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The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate and propose a solution for how the material handling of steel rods produced by a metal cutting machine could be automated. The intention of the a ...


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'['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Temperature and volume fraction effects on the erosion-oxidation of Ni-Cr/WC metal matrix composites']' == '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'Paper detailing the temperature and volume fraction effects on the erosion-oxidation of Ni-Cr/WC metal matrix composites.']' != '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'The dry sliding wear behaviour of the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb alloy and the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb–xSiCnp nanocomposites have been investigated. The wear rate is lower for all the nanocomposites compared to the...']'

Question: XSWRL, an Extended Semantic Web Rule Language and prototype implementation

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Although the OWL (Web Ontology Language) and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) add considerable expressiveness to the Semantic Web they do have expressive limitations. For some reasoning problems it is necessary to infer the existence of new individuals satisfying stated condition. This kind of problems can not be fully resolved by OWL and SWRL. We present the XSWRL (Extended Semantic Web Rule Language), an extension to SWRL, to overcome these problems. XSWRL introduces existentially quantified variables to rules. XSWRL extends SWRL in a syntactically and semantically coherent manner. We show that while the expressiveness of the Semantic Web language is improved, the undecidability and infinite chains are brought on. We define the inseparable set of atoms to separate XSWRL rules, and discuss a prototype implementation of reasoning support for XSWRL.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title
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"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:', 'Abstract After a prolonged cold storage treatment of the quinea pig taenia caecum, a low concentration of potassium caused muscle relaxation and membrane hyperpolarization. This inhibitory action of potassium was prevented if the taenia was pretreated with oua-bain or incubated in a Li + medium. Reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine and adrenoceptor blocking agents had no effect on the inhibitory action of potassium. It is suggested that the activation of the electrogenic sodium pump by potassium elicits the membrane hyper-polarization and the accompanied relaxation of the cold stored taenia caecum.']" == "['Represent', 'The inhibitory action of potassium on the mechanical and membranal activities of taenia from guinea pig caecum']"

The current paper presents a solution of the Program Understanding: A Reengineering Case for the Transformation Tool Contest using the VIATRA2 model transformation tool.


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Question: Intrinsic Buffer Hydroxyl Radical Dosimetry Using Tris(Hydroxymethyl)Aminomethane

Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins (FPOP) is a powerful covalent labeling tool that uses hydroxyl radicals generated by laser flash photolysis of hydrogen peroxide to footprint protein surfaces. Because radical production varies with many experimental parameters, hydroxyl radical dosimeters have been introduced to track the effective radical dosage experienced by the protein analyte. FPOP experiments performed using adenine optical radical dosimetry containing protein in Tris buffer demonstrated unusual dosimetry behavior. We have investigated the behavior of Tris under oxidative conditions in detail. We find that Tris can act as a novel gain-of-signal optical hydroxyl radical dosimeter in FPOP experiments. This new dosimeter is also amenable to inline real-time monitoring thereby allowing real-time adjustments to compensate for differences in samples for their quenching ability.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title
Fewshot example: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'We present a new Bayesian network modeling that learns the behavior of an unknown system from real data and can be used for reliability engineering and optimization processes in industrial systems. The suggested approach relies on quantitative criteria for addressing the trade-off between the complexity of a learned model and its prediction accuracy. These criteria are based on measures from Information Theory as they predetermine both the accuracy as well as the complexity of the model. We illustrate the proposed method by a classical example of system reliability engineering. Using computer experiments, we show how in a targeted Bayesian network learning, a tremendous reduction in the model complexity can be accomplished, while maintaining most of the essential information for optimizing the system.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about!', 'Efficient Bayesian Network Learning for System Optimization in Reliability Engineering']"

1. ::: ::: The reaction of magnesium with p-dibromobenzene and chlorotrimethylsilane was investigated and it was shown that there is simultaneous formation of p-bromophenyltrimethylsilane and p-bistrimethylsilylbenzene in the proportions of 4.4∶1. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: The new compounds, p-bromophenylchloromethylphenylsilane and p-bromophenylethoxymethylphenylsilane, were synthesized.


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Question: Preparation of inner asymmetric composite microspheres

Novel inner asymmetric composite microspheres were prepared by encapsulating surface-modified magnetic particles via mini-emulsion polymerization. Most of the surface-modified magnetic particles encapsulated into the polymer matrix aggregate in one side of each microsphere, while only a few particles randomly disperse in the remaining part. The magnetic content of these novel asymmetric composite microspheres is 46.7% and the saturation magnetization is 23.8 emu g−1. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

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The results of the synthesis and the investigaiton of a number of multipodal and branched siloxane and silsesquixane liquid crystals is reported.


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Question: Beliefs and practices of writing instruction in Japanese elementary schools

ABSTRACTFocusing on writing instruction within an era of international curricular reform, this study analysed classroom observations, educator interviews, and documents related to Japanese elementary writing instruction. A deductive approach using discourses of writing framework and an inductive approach to Japanese cultural practices uncovered beliefs and practices of writing instruction. Discourses of writing such as skills, creativity, process, genre, and social practice were found within cultural practices such as repetition, experience, and inner-most heart. These discourses influenced Japanese writing instruction, yet also created tension between cultural practices and current reform efforts aimed at expression and independent thinking.

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Abstract A three-phase format, with distinctive objectives and activities, is the basis for designing educational experiences in social issues awareness at the University of Massachusetts.


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Question: INDUCED TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM GRAVITY WITH GENERAL ACTION

The two-dimensional quantum gravity with general action consisting of local and non-local parts is investigated. It is shown that in the light-cone gauge there exists a symmetry which leads naturally to the SL(2,ℝ) Kac–Moody current algebra. The structure of the renormalization is discussed.

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A MICROWAVE TRANSITION BETWEEN TWO ORTHOGONAL GUIDED STRUCTURES AND MICROWAVE CIRCUIT INCLUDING SUCH THAT ON TRANSITION PROCESS TO CUTTING IN MASS, AS A FIRST STEP MILLING, A PAN 30 IN THE ANGLE FORMED BY A WALL OF GUIDANCE oRTHOGONAL STRUCTURE THE FIRST STRUCTURE WITHOUT TILT ONE OF STRUCTURES. APPLICATION TO MICROWAVE CIRCUITS FOR MILLIMETER WAVES.


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Question: Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals in Italy

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In Italy the price setting of medicines reimbursed by the National Health Service is regulated at the central level by AIFA, the national regulatory authority. Prices of non reimbursed medicines are indeed freely established, with some limitations, by pharmaceutical companies. To contain pharmaceutical expenditure and rationalise the whole sector the following measures have been introduced in the past years: a threshold to public pharmaceutical expenditure (PPE); a reference price system (RPS) for off-patent medicines; a pay-back mechanism as an alternative to price cut. In 2008 Italy launched a reform of the pharmaceutical expenditure governance system with the aim to introduce stability and promote development and competitiveness in the pharmaceutical sector.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title

For example, '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', "We determined the attitudes of men and women in the Islamic Republic of Iran to the husband's presence in the delivery room. We randomly selected 150 couples awaiting delivery in 2002 and interviewed them with a standardized questionnaire. Mean ages and standard deviations (SD) of women and men were 26 (SD 4) and 30 (SD 5) years respectively. Most had high school diplomas or higher. Most women (58.1%) were employed and most men (77.6%) had non-educational jobs. Mean attitude scores were 100 (SD 15) for women and 97 (SD 16.5) for men. Attitude scores were significantly related to age, job and education (P< 0.0001). Most women (88.4%), men (82.1%) and couples (76.9%) had positive attitudes to the husband's presence in the delivery room. Providing facilities to accommodate husbands and training for their presence in the delivery room is recommended."]' should be close to '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', "Couples' attitudes to the husband's presence in the delivery room during childbirth."]'

Patent and regulatory hurdles combined with low returns on investment are stifling antibiotic R&D in the pharmaceutical industry.


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Question: OAuth 2.0 support for the Kerberos V5 Authentication Protocol

This draft proposes an OAuth2.0 profile for Kerberos v5. We compare ::: the Kerberos protocol flow with the OAuth protocol flow and as far as ::: possible map the relevant parameters in Kerberos to OAuth parameters. ::: We propose the use of the OAuth 2.0 message flows and its tokens to ::: carry Kerberos TGTs and Service Tickets in an opaque manner.

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This document covers requests to the netmod and netconf Working Groups ::: for functionality to support requirements to implement the I2RS ::: architecture.


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Question: Interest Rate Lift-Off in the US: Moderate Impact to Date but Emerging Markets Should Brace Themselves

For the first time in almost a decade, the US Federal Reserve raised interest rates at the end of 2015 - an initial step toward normalizing monetary policy which has been very expansive since the onset of the financial crisis. Ahead of the move, it was feared that the interest rate reversal might have a considerable impact on emerging markets because the hike would lead to more capital flows being diverted to the US. The present study concludes that this was not in fact the case: greater turbulence on the financial markets failed to materialize immediately after the first rate hike and the financing conditions for emerging markets did not initially deteriorate significantly. However, the interest rate will be raised further. In order to come through the contractionary cycle of US monetary policy unscathed, emerging economies with large current account deficits or those dependent on commodity exports in particular should brace themselves for possible fallout.

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title
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For example, ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'To research the transmission characteristic of low power signal optical pulse outside the stop band of uniform periodic structure,the theory analysis was run by the numerical result of the nonlinear Schr\ue56edinger equation.The relation curve of pulse width and peak power against the transmission,and the slow light delay of pulse with difference frequency deturning were shown.Results show:pulse waveform will experience a very remarkably evolution,and the peak power of output pulse will hold comparative to that of the incident pulse when the incident pulse has appropriate initial chirp parameter.The theory results obtained will produce importance reference value in experiment.'] should be similar to ['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Slow light transmission of low power signal optical pulse in uniform periodic structure']

1. The Awakening Problem 2. The Problem Grows 3. A Deepening Problem 4. No Solution in Sight 5. Continuing Gloom 6. A Glimmer of Hope 7. Hope is Succoured 8. Signs of Progess 9. Other Priorities 10. Hope Renewed 11. Partial Resolution 12. An Eye to the Future


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Question: The Economics of Agricultural Marketing: A Survey

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Three distinctive schools present diverse interpretations of agricultural marketing. One of these derives from the economics of the farm business and casts marketing as all that happens to products past the farm. A second centres on marketing's co-ordinative role. A third is in allegiance to market development. Contemporary problems, beginning with those of the 1920 price reductions in the United States and accentuated by the worldwide depression of the 1930's, primarily explain the periods of heightened interest in marketing. In the early 1970's the common thread is institutional change in marketing, which originates in events as diverse as declining importance of assembly markets for price discovery, and the redesign of marketing within trading blocs such as the European Common Market.

The Problem Situation The Contemporary Situation of Economic Development The Problems of Economic Development Business Cycles: Comments on Method The Theory of Economic Development Stages of Economic Growth The Business Cycle: Concepts and Tools The Liquidity Function: Money, Prices, and Interest The Business Cycle: Dynamic Equilibrium and Three Theories of Growth The Business Cycle: Dynamic Disequilibrium and Growth The Contemporary Challenges to Economic Growth and Development The Paradox of Industrialization The International Utility Function Economic Growth and Development: Political Considerations Conclusion Selected Bibliography Index


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E.g.
['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Development of Aqueous Metathesis Catalysts'] == ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Recent developments (and some historical aspects) of protic solvent metathesis using ill-defined catalysts [e.g., RuCl3·H2O and Ru(H2O)6(tos)2] and also the more easily handled, well-defined ruthenium-based alkylidene complexes (based on 15, 16, and 17) are highlighted. Modification of these catalysts has been achieved for applications in protic solvents with the introduction of water-solubilizing ligands and by immobilization onto a suitable support. The introduction of water-solubilizing cationic and anionic phosphines is synthetically straightforward with various catalysts having been prepared in this way (see 18, 19, 29–32, 36). Immobilzation methods include tethering to a water-soluble polymeric support (see 39, 40) and modification of the benzylidene group (see 43–46). Ionic tags have also been attached to the benzylidene group (see 48–50, 52, 53). Several other approaches have also been reported as discussed here to prepare modified catalysts that display good activity in protic media (see 54–59).'] != ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'Characterization of Linear Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) and Cloud Points in its Aqueous Solutions']

Question: Electromagnetic radiation emitted by supersonic Langmuir turbulence in active experiments in space

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Abstract Experimental evidence of supersonic Langmuir turbulence has been reported by Pulinets and Selegey (1986; J. atmos. terr. Phys.48, 149) and Shuiskaya et al. (1987; Report, Space Research Institute of the U.S.S.R.) in the vicinity of a satellite when high-power radio waves were transmitted for topside sounding of the ionosphere. It is shown that, in the presence of supersonic Langmuir turbulence, electromagnetic radiation near the local electron plasma frequency can be emitted through the electromagnetic parametric instabilities driven by intense Langmuir waves. The growth rates of these electromagnetic parametric instabilities are shown to be identical to the corresponding growth rates of the electrostatic Langmuir parametric instabilities. It is suggested that the stimulated electromagnetic emission can become a useful diagnostic technique for active experiments in space.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:

For example, ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', '43 brain cavernous angiomas (CA) were clinically and morphologically studied. The presence of smooth muscles and endotheliocytes in the trabeculae was confirmed. The sources of blood supply and the nature of medullary changes at the CA periphery were clarified. The hypothesis of CA hormonal dependence has been rejected.'] should be similar to ['Represent this text', '[Intracranial cavernous angiomas: ultrastructural and immunochemical study].']

The electron cooling and ion heating processes in a positive column of an Ar DC discharge are discussed here. The Particle-In-Cell Monte Carlo (PIC MC) method is used which describes the kinetics of electron and ions in plasma-wall interface. The Langmuir probe is applied to study a flame front propagation under the laminar and turbulent mode of combustion.


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Question: Chromosome Behavior in a Cross between Wheat and Rye.

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Page 331, second line of summary, for "with other" read "with certain other." ::: ::: Page 317, line 4 from bottom, for "is always 7 so far as known" read "is 7." ::: ::: Page 330, first line of last paragraph, for "proportion" read "proportions of,' and for "generation" read "generations

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Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-0428 / Structural Frontal Abnormalities in Idiopathic Dystonia Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging" by: "H. M. Sakr; Cairo/EG"


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Question: Nutrients in Australian agro-industrial residues: production, characteristics and mapping

ABSTRACTAustralia is a net food exporter, but relies heavily on imported agricultural nutrients. There is scope to recycle nutrients from agro-industrial residues, but this has not been assessed in detail. The assessment reported identified significant potential for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to be recovered from different Australian agro-industrial residues. Suitable sources of residues were cattle feedlots, piggeries, poultry (layers), poultry (meat), sugar cane processing, meat processing, dairies, coal mining, milk processing, fish processing, urban waste and electricity generation. Significant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sources were municipal waste, sugarcane processing, cattle feedlots and sewage wastewater. A total of 246 kt N, 88 kt P, and 359 kt K was produced as residues in 2010, representing 23% of N and P, and >100% of K in relation to the annual national agricultural consumption. Australian agro-industrial nutrient source–sink maps revealed that the best potential residual nut...

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The performance of an anaerobic digestion plant is compared with aeration systems with direct and heat pump energy recovery on the basis of energy production and utilization. The success of the plants in production of fertilizer and pollution control is also discussed in terms of chemical changes of the manure, crop growth, weed control and odour reduction.


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Question: Ultrastructure of cardiac myocytes in the greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica).

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Cardiac myocytes in the left ventricle and atrium of the greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The fine structure showed typical features of mammalian cardiac myocytes. In atrial myocytes, however, the areas occupied by mitochondria were much smaller than that filled with myofibrils. The decrease in mitochondria and the abundance of myofibrils are thought to be an ultrastructural adaptation to the large body size of this species. Many conducting myocytes were observed in both atrium and ventricle. The atrial conducting myocytes were ultrastructurally different from the Purkinje fibers of the ventricle. We suggest that the abundance and the ultrastructural variation of conducting myocytes are related to the physiological aspects, such as body size, of this animal.

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Small mammals were surveyed along a deforestation gradient in southern Gansu, China (2300-2600 m altitude), a high endemicity area for human alveolar echinococcosis. Rodent distribution was assessed using removal trapping in six habitat types from timbered forest to farmland and villages, by index transects, and by the collection of specimens by local people. Species captured were 2 shrews: Anourosorex squamipes, Sorer sinalis; 12 rodents: Eozapus setchuans, Microtus limnophilus, Cricetulus longicaudatus, Tscherskia triton, Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus draco, Apodemus peninsulae, Micromys minutus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Nivienter confucianus, Myospalax fontanieri; and 1 lagomorph Ochotona thibetana. On the basis of trap success four rodent assemblages were recognized. Species richness decreases after deforestation, especially in the intermediate stage (scrubland-grassland).


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Question: Gorgias-C: Extending Argumentation with Constraint Solving

GORGIAS-C is a system implementing a logic programming framework of argumentation that integrates together preference reasoning and constraint solving. ::: ::: The framework of argumentation with preference reasoning [1,2] was first implemented in the GORGIAS system which hasmainly been used in the multi-agent domain [2,3,4], medical informatics [5] and network security [6].

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Argument-Based Reasoning.- Personality-Based Practical Reasoning.- Argumentation Based Resolution of Conflicts between Desires and Normative Goals.- A Constrained Argumentation System for Practical Reasoning.- An Argumentation Framework Based on Strength for Ontology Mapping.- Contextual Extension with Concept Maps in the Argument Interchange Format.- Argumentation and Dialogue.- Command Dialogues.- Argumentation and Artifact for Dialogue Support.- Co-ordination and Co-operation in Agent Systems: Social Laws and Argumentation.- Annotation and Matching of First-Class Agent Interaction Protocols.- Strategic and Pragmatic Issues.- Argumentation- vs. Proposal-Based Negotiation: An Empirical Case Study on the Basis of Game-Theoretic Solution Concepts.- Argumentation-Based Information Exchange in Prediction Markets.- An Argumentative Approach for Modelling Coalitions Using ATL.- A Dialogue Mechanism for Public Argumentation Using Conversation Policies.


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Question: Inertial navigation in space using quaternion regular equations of astrodynamics

The new quaternion equations of perfect functioning of the spatial inertial navigation systems with azimuthally stabilized platform and with gyrostabilized platform which retains its orientation in an inertial reference frame, and the quaternion equations of perfect functioning of the strapdown inertial navigation systems in regular four-dimensional Kustaanheimo-Stiefel variables are proposed. These INS equations have a dynamic analogy with the quaternion regular equations of the perturbed spatial two-body problem, which makes it possible to use the results, obtained in the theory of regular celestial mechanics and astrodynamics, in space inertial navigation. This paper discusses the development of INS algorithms using the proposed quaternion equations of INS perfect functioning. This paper develops the results, derived in [1, 2].

In this paper we present a new computational approach for nonlinear dynamic inversion based on an ?homotopy technique? applied to the exact tracking problem for the spherical inverted pendulum on a periodic curve in ?3, non necessarily planar.


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Question: A mobile terminal and controlling method

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A mobile terminal and a control method of the mobile terminal are disclosed. A mobile terminal and a control method of the mobile terminal according to the present invention comprises a memory storing captured stereoscopic images; a display displaying the stored stereoscopic images; and a controller obtaining at least one information of a user viewing the display and changing attributes of the stereoscopic images according to the obtained information of the user and displaying the attribute-changed images. The present invention, by changing attributes of stereoscopic images according to obtained information of a user and displaying the attribute-changed images, can provide stereoscopic images optimized to a user watching a display apparatus.

Various embodiments of the present invention relates to a beacon additional services of the electronic device a method and an electronic device, according to the method of operation of an electronic device, an operation that in the operation method of an electronic device, extracting the additional information in the beacon signal; And it may be, including an operation to access the resource by using the additional information, the extracted. Moreover, various embodiments of the invention include other embodiments the above-described examples and.


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Question: Device and method for driving the dynamic compressor and method for determining gain values for a dynamic compressor

An apparatus for driving a dynamic compressor (520) of a hearing aid comprising a Kombinationssignalanalysator (100) for determining the binaural similarity (110) of a left and right audio signal (170, 180) and a gain adjuster (140) for providing a gain value (145) for a Volume of the left or right audio signal in response to the binaural similarity (110) and a level (130) of the left or right audio signal in the band.

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This application relates to a device for detecting a current that flows through a passage means. The device comprises a current mirror which includes the passage means and a scaled replica of the passage means, wherein control terminals of the pass device and the scaled replica are connected, a digital processing circuit that is adapted to perform digital processing on a signal between a voltage difference a voltage at an output side of the passage means and a voltage at an output side of the scaled replica indicating and to generate based on a result of the digital processing a control signal for controlling the current flowing through the scaled replica, and a current control circuit for controlling the amperage flowing through the scaled replica, at least partly on the basis of the control signal. The application further relates to a method for detecting a current that flows through a passage means.


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Question: Basic Issues in the Operational Requirements Demonstration of Weapons and Equipment

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The development of weapons and equipment is driven by requirements and technology. As vital aspect of the developmental requirements, the operational requirements play the roles of direction, leading, verification and effect-increasing in the development of weapons and equipment. In our army, the operational requirements demonstration began so late that it has not achieved perfect theoretical system and methodology. With these considerations, the paper discusses the basic modes and main contents of the operational requirements demonstration, based on the analysis of its implications. By adopting the integration concept of combination of tactics and technology, knowledge and experience, qualification and quantification, it establishes a basic method for the operational requirements demonstration of weapons and equipment——integration of analysis, discussion and support.

1. An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems and Participatory Geographical Information Science 2. A Micro-Macro Framework for Participatory Decision Situations 3. Methods and Tools for Participatory Spatial Decision Support 4. Social Behavioural Research Strategies for Investigating the Use of Participatory Geographical Information Systems 5. Collaborative Spatial Decision Making in Primary Health Care Management 6. Transportation Improvement Program Decision Making 7. Collaborative Decision Making About Habitat Restoration 8. Conclusions and Prospects for Future Research


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Question: The Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Prevention of Severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

Purpose:The role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was evaluated.

Natural History of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Pathogenesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: Standards and Guidelines.- Assessing Treatment Results for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Urodynamic Assessment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.- Transurethral Incision of the Prostate.- Balloon Dilatation of the Prostate.- Prostate Urethral Prostheses.- Prostatic Heat Treatments.- Laser Prostatectomy.- ?- Adrenergic Blockade in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Flutamide and Aromatase Inhibitors in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.- Finasteride: A 5?-Reductase Inhibitor.


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Question: The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on oxygen transport in cardiac surgery

Objective: To examine the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on oxygen transport in cardiac surgery. Methods: 15 patients who underwent selective cardiac surgery under CPB were included in this study. The concentration of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in erythrocyte and P50 (oxygen tension when hemoglobin was 50% saturated) were measured before surgery and after CPB. The morphology of erythrocytes was observed under scanning electron microscope. Results: The content of 2,3 DPG in erythrocyte increased significantly at end of CPB [preoperative, (6.39±1.27) μmol/ml vs. postoperative, (7.82±1.55) μmol/ml, P 0.05]. The measurement of P50 value showed there was no obvious changes during the procedure. The normal erythrocytes underwent an echinocytic shape transformation during CPB. Conclusion: Although shape of erythrocytes changed, the ability of oxygen transport of erythrocytes was not affected by CPB in cardiac surgery.

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Appropriately applied, hypothermic cardioplegia allows an excellent surgical setting that can significantly reduce the myocardial ischemic injury resulting from anoxia. One thousand eighty adult and pediatric patients underwent a variety of corrective cardial surgical procedures utilizing cold potassium cardioplegic solution injected into the coronary arteries via the aortic root. Myocardial septal temperature was maintained at 18--20 degrees during arrested time. This group of patients was compared to a group of 220 patients that underwent intermittent normothermic ischemic arrest to perform cardiac surgical procedures. Significant reduction in morbidity, mortality, perioperative myocardial infarction was noted in favor of the cardioplegic group. Metabolic coronary sinus blood analysis in the group undergoing surgery with cardioplegia revealed favorable changes in myocardial lactate and oxygen extraction.


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Question: Precursor-product relationships between thymidine nucleotides and DNA in mammalian cells. II. Studies with dTDP and dTTP on cells partially lysed by Brij-58.

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Cells from Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures were partially lysed with Brij-58 and incubated in a reaction mixture containing deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and permitting semiconservative DNA replication. The reaction mixture was supplemented with [3H]dTTP and [14C]dTDP or, alternatively, with [14C]dTTP and [3H]dTDP, and at different times, 3H and 14C specific activities of dTTP and dTDP, as well as 3H/14C ratios in DNA were determined. Isotope ratios in DNA were in good agreement with those expected if dTTP but not dTDP was used as the proximate precursor for DNA synthesis. These data support the conclusion that the thymidine nucleotide used as proximate substrate for DNA replication is dTTP.

Abstract A method combining DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and cellulose thin-layer chromatography is described which separates nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, NMN, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, and P i , as well as the products formed when NADH and NADPH are treated with trichloroacetic acid. An application of this procedure to nicotinamide-7- 14 C plus 32 P i incorporation into NAD by adipose tissue and liver is presented.


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Question: KBS in Fault Diagnosis in Applications Using Human Operators

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Abstract The main emphases of KBS with human operators are to enhance their skills and to promote ownership of the systems to maximise success. This is achieved through the knowledge acquisition especially in the HCI. Fault diagnosis is considered for both continuous system operation and off-line applications and appropriate presentations are discussed. The extra diagnoses available from KBS as opposed to SCADA are demonstrated.

Why Data Mining is Important: What is Customer-Centric Data Mining? How Data Mining Can Enhance Your Services and Products Data Mining Can Solve Your Most Difficult Problems The Data Mining Process Pillars of the Data Mining Framework: The Information Technology of Business Intelligence The Data in Data Mining The Mathematics of Data Mining Data Mining Techniques: Knowledge Discovery Data Mining Techniques: More Knowledge Discovery Data Mining Techniques: Predictive Models Data Mining Management: Common Reasons Data Mining Projects Fail Overcoming Obstacles Successful Data Mining Project Management Data Mining in Practice--Case Studies: Data Mining in: Customer Service, Retail, Insurance, Financial Services, Health Care and Medicine, Telecommunications, Transportation and Logistics, Energy, and Government Glossary Bibliography Appendixes: Vendor Information "STAT 101" Techniques Listed by Methodology Phase


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Question: A New Approach in Bloggers Classification with Hybrid of K-Nearest Neighbor and Artificial Neural Network Algorithms

Blogs are one of the effective tools of web2 which are considered as one of the major module and of social and interactive capabilities in making IT world wonderful for the cyber and virtual living. Two methods were used in this paper: K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). These methods are classified based on Kohkiloye and Boyer Ahmad province bloggers dataset considering input features of each blogger to the other methods and previously provided algorithms as more optimal. Our simulation and experiments not only provide hopeful results but also higher anticipation and classification rate.

A. Filippidis, M. Russo, L.C. Jain: Novel Extension of ART2 in Surface Landmine Detection.- M. Blume: An Efficient Mapping of Fuzzy ART onto a Neural Architecture.- M. Blume, D.A. Van Blerkom: Fuzzy ARTMAP Modifications for Intersecting Class Distributions.- A.-H. Tan: Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory and Rules.- G. Bartfai, R. White: Incremental Learning and Optimization of Hierarchical Clusterings with ART-Based Modular Networks.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part I - Architectures and Algorithms.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part II - Applications.- T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips.


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Question: A Transferred-Electron Frequency Memorizer

Transferred-electron oscillators capable of single frequency operation at any of a large number of closely spaced frequencies are being developed for microwave frequency memory applications. Switching between different frequency states has been achieved with pulsed RF input signals as short as 0.1 mu s in X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz).

OAK B204 Novel Glassy Nematic Liquid Crystals for Non-destructive Rewritable Optical Memory and Photonic Switching


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Question: Hopf type formulas for cyclic homology

We fit the cyclic homology of associative algebras into the context of cotriple homology of Barr and Beck. Consequently, we describe the cyclic homology of associative algebras in terms of the generalised Hopf type formulas. This Note is part of a joint project with Donadze about derived functors in cyclic (co)homology. To cite this article: N. Inassaridze, M. Ladra, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 346 (2008).

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Abstract This note presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of generalizations of m-adic residue codes in Abelian group algebras.


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Question: Enhanced interface for voice and video communications

An enhanced interface for voice and video communications, in which a gesture of a user is recognized from a sequence of camera images, and a user interface is provided include a control and a representation of the user. The process also includes causing the representation to interact with the control based on the recognized gesture, and controlling a telecommunication session based on the interaction.

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This paper is presenting design and implementation of web based e-learning synchronization protocol. The protocol is HTTP/TCP based and specifically designed to increase the cognitive productivity of learning session conducted over the internet in analogous scheme to real classroom interaction. The presenting protocol is holding an innovative technique to enhance the performance of broadcasting whiteboards and classrooms to distributed students over narrowband networks. In narrowband networks race condition is raised between multimedia streams in gaining network bandwidth. Throughout presented protocol; multimedia streams are packetized and synchronized in a compatible model for the cognitive natural learning mechanisms for the human being where actions drag attention and continuous interaction maintain the focus. Keywords: virtual class, WebSocket, HTML5, Servlet, HTTP, JSpeex, Whiteboard CODEC, e-learning, synchronous and Asynchronous learning


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Provided: ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'On the Interactive Logic between Ruling Ability Construction and the Important Ideology of"Three Representatives"'] Match: ['Represent this text', 'Ruling ability construction and the important ideology of"three representatives"are interdependent with internal unity. There is benign interactive logic between them. To implement the important ideology of "three representatives" is conducive to strengthening the ruling ability construction of the Party,while to strengthen the ruling ability construction of the Party is propitious to implementing the important ideology of"the representatives".'] Hard Negative: ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The Democratic Deficit of Knowledge Economies S.Sorlin & H.Vessuri Knowledge, Power and Politics: The Role of the Intellectual In An Age of Transition I.Wallerstein Modes of Knowledge and Patterns of Power M.Kogan Knowledge, Theory, and Tension Between Local and Universal Knowledge R.F.Retamar Universities and Society: Whose Terms of Engagement? M.Singh Knowledge Functions and the Role of the University A.Arimoto Knowledge, Culture, and Politics: The Status of Women in the Arab World F.Charaffeddine The Hybridization of Knowledge: Science and Local Knowledge in Support of Sustainable Development H.Vessuri Knowledge, Globalization, and Hegemony: The Production of Knowledge in the 21st Century P.T.Zeleza']

Question: Calculations of Above-threshold ionization electron spectrum of One-dimensional atom in the intense laser field with pseudospectral method

Solving time-dependent Shrdinger equation of one-dimensional atom in intense laser fields with pseudospectral method by introducing the nonlinear space transformation and the eigen functions which are constructed from the linear combination of the B-spline functions and the truncated Fourier series, We calculate above-threshold ionization electron spectrum of one-dimensional atom in intense laser fields. Our results are in very good agreement with those of split-operator method.

We study the anisotropy of anomalously broadened Hα lines in a low-current Townsend discharge in hydrogen. Monte Carlo simulation based on the best available data was used to predict angular distributions of heavy particles and spatial dependence of line profiles due to heavy-particle excitation at 10 kTd.


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Question: MODULATION AWARE CONNECTION ADMISSION CONTROL AND UPLINK SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR WIMAX NETWORKS

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Given ['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Concordant changes in the level of energy metabolism and specific growth rate of axolotls have been revealed. Several periods of ontogeny are distinguished, which differ in the ratio of energy metabolism to body weight and, therefore, are described by different allometric equations. It is suggested that the specific growth rate of an animal determines the type of dependence of energy metabolism on body weight.'], a positive would be ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Specific Growth Rate and the Level of Energy Metabolism in the Ontogeny of Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum(Amphibia: Ambystomatidae)']

Mobile WiMAX standard defines air interface for mobile broadband wireless access (BWA) systems and aimed to provide high data rate with seamless mobility while maintaining the quality of service (QoS). However, QoS of real-time applications depends on the link quality, which necessitate the channel-aware connection admission control (CAC) and scheduling schemes. In this paper Modulation aware CAC scheme and base station (BS) uplink scheduling algorithm are proposed to improve the system capacity and QoS performance respectively. The proposed CAC scheme aims to increase the admission of higher priority real time services by degrading the bandwidth of admitted lower priority connections on the basis of their channel status without deteriorating their QoS performance much. The performances of proposed algorithms are evaluated through simulation by considering the metrics like throughput, delay and number of connections admitted.

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FROM A LONG-RANGE VIEWPOINT, USE OF WIDEBAND COAXIAL-CABLE SYSTEMS OFFERS A PROMISING MEANS OF ACCOMMODATING EXISTING AND FUTURE COMMUNICATIONS, SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS ON MAJOR HIGHWAYS. INTEGRATION OF A NUMBER OF POINT-TO-POINT AND VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS MAY BE ACCOMODATED IN A WIDEBAND SYSTEM EXTENDING ALONG THE RIGHT- OF-WAY. RESTRICTION IN SYSTEM TRANSMISSION RANGE OF SIGNALS TO AND FROM VEHICLES IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE SIGNALS ARE CONFINED PRIMARILY WITHIN THE HIGHWAY AREA MAY BE PROVIDED BY A COMBINATION OF CABLE-MULTIPLEX TECHNIQUES AND INDUCTION-RADIO TRANSMISSION METHODS. /AUTHOR/


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Question: Breaking into the plate: A 7.6 Mw fracture-zone earthquake adjacent to the Central Indian Ridge

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[1] On 15 July 2003 an extremely large (7.6 Mw) strike-slip earthquake initiated on or near the end of an active transform along the northern Central Indian Ridge. The event propagated away from the plate boundary along the typically inactive fracture zone, with a sense of slip that opposes the active transform slip direction. Seismically and hydroacoustically determined aftershock locations delineate a 210 ± 25 km long mainshock rupture. The seismic moment and rupture dimensions imply a stress drop of 4.5-6.5 MPa and a mean slip of 3.0 ± 0.5 m. The largest aftershock (5.6 Nw) occurred on the active portion of a neighboring transform at a distance of ∼160 km, where mainshock-induced static stress changes are predicted to promote failure. Near-axis fracture-zone earthquakes may promote and inhibit ridge-parallel diking along different spreading segments, perhaps contributing to inter-segment variability in the rate and asymmetry of spreading.

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Faults related to the tsunamigenic 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake (Mw 9.0) were investigated by using multichannel seismic reflection data acquired in 1999 and submersible seafloor observations from 2008. The location of the fault system interpreted in the seismic reflection profile is distributed around the area with largest slip and tsunami induction of the 2011 event. Cold-seep communities along the trace of the branch reverse fault and a high scarp associated with the trace of a normal fault suggest current activity on these faults. We interpret the fault system in the seismic profile as a shallow extension of the seismogenic fault that may have contributed to the resulting huge tsunami.


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Question: Modelling plastic stress relaxation in shaped sapphire crystal growth

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Thermally induced stresses in growing shaped sapphire crystals are modelled using transient finite element simulations. Boundary conditions and mass changes are fixed on an expanding remeshed and updated grid. The actual stresses are obtained taking into account plastic relaxation through dislocation glide along basal, prismatic and pyramidal slip planes. For this purpose, phenomenological creep laws available for this material are implemented in the frame of thermally activated plasticity. The model is calibrated by comparison with directional mechanical tests, and validation is performed by growth simulations and dislocation density measurements on as-grown crystals.

This paper presents a combination of numerical and experimental methods used to characterize defect clusters in multicrystalline silicon solar cells.


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Question: How long is the diagnosis of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) delayed in a region where FMF is common in Turkey?

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Background and question Similar to other autoinflammatory diseases, diagnosis of FMF is often missed and markedly delayed, particularly when its prevalance is very low in a community. It’s reported that diagnosis of FMF might be delayed more than 20 years. Although Turkey is one of the countries with a high prevalence of FMF, the diagnosis of the disease is markedly delayed in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to investigate the delay of diagnosis in patients followed up due to, or new diagnosed with FMF in the newly established Rheumatology Unit of a big tertiary medical center located in Corum region. Corum province is one of the region where FMF is very common in Turkey.

Microcytic hypochromic red blood cells (RBC) were discovered in a 31 year-old Bangladeshi man. Additional laboratory data revealed only slight elevations of LDH and transaminase activities. The patient was clinically asymptomatic and showed no signs of anemia. On this basis, along with biochemical genetic analysis of hemoglobin, a diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy (HbE) was made. HbE is common in southeast Asia with over 30% of the population affected. Most people are asymptomatic. In northern Asia, including Japan, HbE is found in only 0.001% of the population. With ther recent influx of southeast Asians to Japan, care must be taken not to overlook the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies.


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Question: Kawasaki Disease in a Tertiary Pediatric Referral Center in Athens, Greece and Review of the Literature

Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute febrile mucotaneous lymph node syndrome, was initially described as a distinct clinical entity in 1967 by the Japanese physician, Dr Tomisaku Kawasaki (Kawasaki et al., 1974). Today the disease is recognized as an acute self limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that predominantly affects young children of all racial and ethnic groups (Shulman et al., 1987). It is characterised by prolonged fever unresponsive to antibiotics, a polymorphous skin rash, erythema of the oral mucosa, lips and tongue, erythema of the palms and soles, bilateral conjunctival injection and cervical lymphadenopathy. This disease has become the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in the developed world, with coronary artery aneurysms occurring in up to 25% of untreated cases (Newburger & Fulton, 2004).

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Increasing Rate of Mortality Due to HIV/AIDS in Iranian Chil-dren: An Alarm for Health Policymakers


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Question: On the Writing and the Interpretation of Contracts

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The major theme of this article is that the interpretation of contracts -- their possible amplification, correction, and modification by adjudicators -- is in the interests of contracting parties. The general reasons are (a) that interpretation may improve on otherwise imperfect contracts; and (b) that the prospect of interpretation allows parties to write simpler contracts and thus to conserve on contracting effort. A method of interpretation is defined as a function whose argument is the written contract and whose value is another contract, the interpreted contract, which is what actually governs the parties' joint enterprise. It is shown that interpretation is superior to enforcement of contracts as written, and the optimal method of interpretation is analyzed.

1. A Theory of Risk for Securitization 2. The Policymakers: Logics Behind the Bilateral Relationship 3. The Policymakers: Risk Analysis of Documents 4. The Progressive Intellectuals: Brief Historical Synopsis 5. The Progressive Intellectuals: Logics Behind the PIDG 6. The Progressive Intellectuals: Risk Analysis of Documents 7. Conclusion


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Question: Quantum Liouville theory from topologically massive gravity: 1 + 1 cosmological constant as square of 2 + 1 graviton mass

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Abstract The connection between two-dimensional quantum gravity (Quantum Liouville theory) on the boundary ∂M of the three-dimensional manifold M and three-dimensional Topologically Massive Gravity (TMG) on the manifold M is considered. The two-dimensional cosmological constant is proportional to the square of the topological mass of the three-dimensional graviton, which establishes a connection between world-sheet and bulk scales. Different physical applications are discussed.

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The critical values of the Yang-Yang functional corresponding to the vacuum states of the sine-Gordon QFT in the finite-volume are studied. Two major applications are discussed: (i) generalization of Fendley-Saleur-Zamolodchikov relations to arbitrary values of the sine-Gordon coupling constant, and (ii) connection problem for a certain two-parameter family of solutions of the Painleve III equation.


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Question: Size-Relative Effectiveness of Clove Essence as an Anesthetic for Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum)

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2 Abstract: The purpose of this work was to investigate the size-relative effectiveness of clove essence as an anesthetic for kutum. In total, 30 kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) (two groups of 20-24 and 30-34 cm mean fork length) were anaesthetized at different clove essence concentrations of 50, 200, 400 ppm for kutum. Results showed that the induction time and recovery time among experimental groups were more size- dependent. The hematological parameters were not significantly influenced by the anesthetic at all concentrations used (p>0.05). As a result, clove essence was effective, producing minimum stress and zero mortality and can be recommended as an effective anesthetic.

Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-0428 / Structural Frontal Abnormalities in Idiopathic Dystonia Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging" by: "H. M. Sakr; Cairo/EG"


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Question: People, Computers, and The Hot Mess of Real Data

In practice, end-to-end data analysis is rarely a cleanly engineered process. Acquiring data can be tricky. Data assessment, wrangling and feature extraction are time-consuming and subjective. Models and algorithms used to derive data products are highly contextualized by time-varying properties of data sources, code and application needs. All of these issues would ideally benefit from an organizational view, but are often driven by individual users. Viewed holistically, both agile analytics and the establishment of analytic pipelines involve interactions between people, computation and infrastructure. In this talk I'll share some anecdotes from our research, user studies, and field experience with companies (Trifacta, Captricity), as well as an emerging open-source project (Ground).

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Introduction Innocence Lost Family Matters In the Gym and Boardroom Higher Learning Coming to America Something Old, Something New Bibliography Index


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Question: Regularity for Variational Inequalities — A Survey of Results

We give an overview of the methods to prove regularity results for variational inequalities emphasizing application to elasticity.

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Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps in Rd.- Martingale Theory and the Stochastic Integral for Point Processes.- Brownian Motion, Stochastic Integral and Ito's Formula.- Stochastic Differential Equations.- Some Useful Tools in Stochastic Differential Equations.- Stochastic Differential Equations with Non-Lipschitzian Coefficients.- Applications.- How to Use the Stochastic Calculus to Solve SDE.- Linear and Non-linear Filtering.- Option Pricing in a Financial Market and BSDE.- Optimal Consumption by H-J-B Equation and Lagrange Method.- Comparison Theorem and Stochastic Pathwise Control.- Stochastic Population Control and Reflecting SDE.- Maximum Principle for Stochastic Systems with Jumps.


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Question: GROUND ICE IN UTOPIA PLANITIA: A LATE AMAZONIAN MARINE ORIGIN

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Introduction: The inability to identify paleshorelines in the northern hemisphere, for example, in Utopia Planitia, is an important constraint on the viability of a northern ocean hypothesis. Here we identify periglacial features consistent with two things: 1. the occurrence of near-surface ice-rich ground; and, 2. the antecedent saturation of near-surface regolith by marine processes, possibly in the late Amazonian. We suggest that the marine transgression-recession hypothesis associated with the formation of massive ice at Ellesmere Island in the Canadian high arctic [1] is a good analogue for the late Amazonian emplacement of water and the formation of ice-rich regolith in the midlatitudes of Utopia Planitia.

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QUARARIBEA YUNCKERI SUBS. IZABALENSIS IS DESCRIBED AS A NEW SUBSPECIES FROM THE SIERRA SANTA CRUZ, IZABAL, GUATEMALA, WHERE IT IS KNOWN FROM SIX LICALITES IN LOWLAND RAIN FOREST.


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Question: psytabs: Produce well-formatted tables for psychological research

Psytabs (version 0.5) produces well-formatted tables in .rtf or .html, which largely conform to "psychological style".

This repository contains the data necessary to plot each figure from 1 to 4, and S1 and S2. Also in folder Haploview_Slider_PopArt_data, we include the nucleotide alignments and and output data from haploview, and input data for popart, slider and dnasp5. In the root, we included two excel files. Raw scores of haplotypes and data procesing for generating input files for haploview and phase.


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Question: Medicare program; end-stage renal disease (ESRD) payment exception requests and organ procurement costs--HCFA. Final rule.

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These final regulations specify the criteria HCFA uses to determine if a facility that furnished dialysis services to Medicare patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) qualifies for a higher payment under an exception to its prospectively determined payment rate and the procedures HCFA uses to evaluate ESRD payment exception requests. These regulations also revise the way HCFA computes acquisition costs for organs that are transplanted into Medicare beneficiaries.

This notice sets forth the names, addresses, service areas or modified service areas, and dates of qualification or expansion of entities determined to be Federally qualified health maintenance organizations (FQHMOs) during the period April 1, 1992 through September 30, 1992. It also includes the service expansion area for one FQHMO that had been inadvertently omitted from the previous Federal Register notice that covered the period August 6, 1991 through March 31, 1992. Additionally, it sets forth compliance actions taken by the Office of Prepaid Health Care Operations and Oversight for the period April 1, 1992 through September 30, 1992. This notice is being published in accordance with our regulations set forth at 42 CFR 417.144 and 417.163, which require publication in the Federal Register of certain determinations relating to FQHMOs.


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Question: Quantitative 4D Flow MRI during Hypoxia Identifies Non-uniform Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Young Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) increases the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases (e.g. stroke). We tested the hypothesis that MetSyn impairs cerebral dilation to hypoxia, and the attenuation would be observed primarily in the middle cerebral arteries. Macroscopic cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with a novel 4D Flow MRI approach at 3T using radial undersampling to quantify regional vasodilation to isocapnic hypoxia in 10 healthy controls (Con, 29±4 yrs) and 8 MetSyn patients (38±8 yrs). Blood pressure, O2 Saturation (SaO2), end-tidal CO2 was measured and Cerebral Vascular Conductance (CVC=CBF/blood pressure*100mmHg) was calculated for five intracranial arteries: Middle [MCA] x2, Anterior [ACA] x2, and Basilar [BA] (ml/min/100mmHg). Hypoxia (5 min steady state) lowered SaO2 to ~85±2% (Fi O2 =0.1). End-tidal CO2 was maintained (36±1 mmHg). Baseline CVC was 25% lower in MetSyn (750±57 Con vs. 562±75 MetSyn, p=0.03). Hypoxia increased total CVC (p<0.001) but the increase was 50% lower in MetSyn (Δ ...

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Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


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Question: Heavy-Atom Isotope Effects in Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions

Various methods are used for studies of enzyme mechanisms. Heavy-atom isotope effects are unique among kinetic methods in the extent to which they provide specific information about the rate-determining step* and other relatively slow steps in the mechanism. Because of this specificity, they are complementary to the usual steady-state and rapid-kinetics techniques.

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: Hybrid Noise Reduction for Audio Captured by Drones

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Recently, advances in technology have reduced the sizes, lowered prices, and increased commercial use of drones. In the market, drones have become an inexpensive and accessible way to accomplish many tasks such as filming, surveillance, agriculture, delivery, and broadcasting. Such applications typically require a video recording for their operations. However, due to the noise generated by propellers and rotors of a drone, the quality of sound in a video recorded by the drone is quite limited. In order to solve the noise problem of drones, this paper proposes a novel hybrid noise reduction technique combining Active Noise Control and Spectral subtraction methods. Experimental results show that the proposed technique produces a speech signal with up to 67.5% similarity to the original signal. It outperforms Active Noise Control and Spectral Subtraction with similarities of 53.1% and 39.6%, respectively.

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Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: "Secrets" of Effective Offense: Survival Strategies for Self-Defense, Martial Arts, and Law Enforcement

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Examples:

"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SULFUR DIOXIDE GAS BURNING TO FORM NASO AND TO REDUCE THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF NASO HEAT EXCHANGERS 16, 18, 20, 22, IN WHICH COMPOUND SODIUM IS INJECTED IN THE HOT BURNING GAS FORMING THE NASO LIQUID IN REACTION GAS-GAS AND GAS OBTAINED CONTAINING NASO IS COOL bELOW APPROXIMATELY 1150K FOR FORMING PARTICLE NASO BEFORE YOU COME IN CONTACT WITH AT LEAST ONE EXCHANGER HEAT 16, 18, 20, 22, COOLING IS MADE OF rECYCLING GAS BURNING ZONE COOL 30 DOWNSTREAM OF THE INTRODUCTION OF GAS COOLING.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'An apparatus and method for removing sulfur oxide from combustion gases']"

An intense martial arts primer with a concentration on techniques of offence, strategy, and pre-emption, rather than defence and reaction. There are many self-defence books on the market, all of which stress reaction in the face of an attacker's aggression, and few of which are not hampered by invalid assumptions derived from carefully constrained martial sports. The emphasis is overwhelmingly on reactive technique, rather than proactive strategy. But, as any football fan knows, most often the best defence is a strong, unpredictable offence. With a slavish dedication to the wrong training paradigm and unrealistic goals and attitudes, a fighter who suddenly faces the fight of his life has to make a complete shift, or fail. The truth is, it's usually too late - on the street, in particular, but also in the ring. Reaction time is seldom as fast as the time it takes to attack.

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Part I. Physical Fitness and Activity for All Part II. Aerobics, Sports, Recreation and Flexibility Exercises Part III. Muscle Fitness, Body Composition and Planning.


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Question: On Construction of First-class University andIdeological and Political Works

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To build a first class university in the world is the biggest politics of the universities that have entered into "985" project universities.Implementing a sustainable development strategy will bring about various ideological thinkings.It is necessary for the universities to consider the process of first class university development as part of the ideological and political works for obtaining the grandiose objectives,and to push the two undertakings collaboratively and coherently.

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionThe Information Sharing to Make Use of an ICT SystemThe Evaluation Function of the ICT SystemThe Value Propagation Chain Caused by the ICT SystemActive Use of the Evaluation Function in KPMAn Example of Visualizing the Effect of Risk Distribution on InvestmentSample calculationDiscussionConclusionReferences


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Question: Preformed Modular Sub-surface Drainage System

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A drainage channel system is constructed from one-piece plastics channel liner sections 2. Each section 2 defines a pipe portion 4 and upstanding projections 6 which terminate in a common horizontal plane. The projections 6 are sized and spaced such that conventional concrete reinforcing mesh 60 may be installed. Internal shaping (50, figs. 8 and 9) may be employed to induce swirl in the drainage water and thereby facilitate the channel's self-cleaning tendencies. Crack inducer boards 30 are fitted around the channel liner section 2 in order to encourage the concrete slab surrounding the channel liner section 2 to crack at controlled intervals. Steel bar formed into hoops (22, fig 1) act as crack-stopping members. These are supported on longitudinal bars (24, fig 1). The liner 2 is installed in a trench, with the reinforcing mesh 60. The trench is then back-filled with concrete. After curing, the tops of the projections 6 are opened by cutting out their closed-off tops.

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Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: On Markedness in Systemic Functional Linguistics

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Markedness Theory firstly put forward by Prague School for describing phonological oppositions is widely used in phonetics,semantics,syntax,typology and so on.Markedness relying on the idea of probability in Systemic Functional Linguistics argues that what becomes the marked is special and vice versa.The paper attempts to eludicate the markedness which appear in the thematic structure,informational structure and transitivity system.

Systems: Origin and Evolution, Terms and Concepts. Systems and Complexity. Systems and Measurement. Systems and Modeling: Diagrams and System Identification. Systems View of Management and Organizations. Systems Approach to 'Problem Solving'. Systems Theory in International Relations. Systems Models of Dynamic Processes. Quantitative Cybernetics. System and Model Decomposition. Systems Science: Making Sense of the Philosophical Issues. Index.


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Question: Gynaecological illness after sterilization.

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For example, '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "As a modern writer with life consciousness,D.H.Lawrence embraced a broad vision and delved into the spiritual predicament of modern mankind.In his works,Lawrence managed to give due priority to and considerations on life,which is reflective of his consciousness of modern humankind and human life.By sampling Lady Chatterlay's Lover,this paper attempts to expound on Lawrence's interest in and considerations on life in terms of life reality,human spirit and social advancement in his works."]' should be close to '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', "A Study of Lawrence's Life Consciousness from the Perspective of Lady Chatterlay's Lover"]'

A total of 374 patients were followed up for at least 10 years after tubal ligation, and 43% required further gynaecological treatment. Major gynaecological surgery was needed by 25%. There seems a good case for the selective use of hysterectomy as a method of sterilization.

Aim:Although it is well-known that there is a negative correlation between the immun response and the cardiopulmonary bypass, the relation between the cardiopulmonary bypass and the parasites is not well established. This subject was evaluated on the basis of a case in this article. Subject:The case was in the operation theater to undergo coronary surgery and did not have any symptoms associated with Taneia saginata. During the anaesthetic induction it was observed that, the parasites, Taenia saginata, expelled from the anus and the operation was postponed. Result: Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, existence of parasites should be a contraindication for operation because of their passible side-effects. The nutritional behaviors of our population should be evaluated on this basis. Key words: Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Taenia Saginata, Immun Deficiency, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery, Open Heart Surgery


Question: A Method of Parallel Robot Time Optimal Trajectory Planning

A method of time-optimal trajectory planning is proposed in order to improve the Delta robot movement speed.Dividing the robot working area,it selects the center point of each area as a standard,and converts them into the joint space through the inverse kinematics.It uses 5th order B-spline interpolation to constructed joint space curve.Fractional particle swarm optimal method is used to optimize the global optimum point and plan time optimal motion curve.Under the premise of the joint angular velocity,angular acceleration,angular jerk smooth and constraints,the operating speed is improved.The fuzzy controller is used to divide the distribution of time node.Experimental results show that the method is simple and practical.Delta robot in laboratory picks up object from the work area to the target position,the time range is 0.543 s~0.735 s.So the method overcomes the shortcomings of traditional trajectory planning method speeds.

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['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title!', 'HIV, tuberculosis and histoplasmosis are infectious diseases that affect millions of people world-wide. We describe our efforts to find cures for these diseases using the technique of virtual screening to identify possible inhibitors for essential proteins in these organisms using one of the XSEDE supercomputers. We have completed the virtual screens and have found promising compounds for each disease. Cell culture experiments have supported the likelihood of a number of the compounds being effective for treating both histoplasmosis and tuberculosis.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Attacking HIV, tuberculosis and histoplasmosis with XSEDE resources']

Design of an Isolated Airfoil in an Ideal Incompressible Fluid. Account of Compressibility and Viscosity. Airfoil Design for a Given Range of Angels of Attack. Design of Mechanized Airfoils and Airfoils with Permeable Contour. Design Problems for Airfoils with Partially Given Contour. Airfoil Cascade Design. Aerohydrodynamically Reasonable Velocity Distributions. Regularization and Optimization in Inverse Boundary Value Problems of Hydrodynamics.


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Question: Vibration gyro sensor, control circuit, and electronic apparatus

Provided is a vibration gyro sensor including: a vibration element including a piezoelectric element group which has a first side provided with a drive electrode and a detection electrode and a second side opposed to the first side and provided with a common electrode, which vibrates by a drive signal input between the drive electrode and the common electrode and generates an output signal containing a detection signal corresponding to Coriolis force from the detection electrode; a bias section applying a bias voltage to the detection electrode; an oscillation circuit outputting the signal for causing vibration of the vibration element to the drive electrode as the drive signal based on the output signal generated by the detection electrode; and a phase inversion circuit outputting an inversion signal obtained by inverting a phase of the drive signal output from the oscillation circuit to the common electrode.

The invention relates to a vehicle communication device, a road communication system and a method for generating communication signal, wherein the invention can provide a vehicle-vehicle communication device, vehicle-road communication device and a method for generating communication signal, to realize accidence alarm, belonging to the IST intelligent traffic technique, wherein said invention is formed by micro processor, radio receiver/sender, antenna, driving direction device, keyboard, distanced emitting, distance judgment, micro accelerator, accelerator/speed converting, sound alarm, and LED display; the communication signal is generated by the driving direction, road type and driving channel parameter; and the invention can automatically remotely test and display safe distance, speed difference, etc, and realize sound alarm.


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Question: Escape into war? : the foreign policy of imperial Germany

Introduction - the theme reflected in recent German research, G. Schollgen the foreign policy of imperial Germany and the outbreak of the First World War, F. Fischer the foreign policy of imperial Germany and the outbreak of the war in the historiography of the GDR, W. Gutsche a nation state against history and geography - the German dilemma, M. Sturmer opportunities and limits of German foreign policy in the Bismarckian era, 1871-1890 - a system of stopgaps?, K. Hildebrand Germany's reaction to the globalization of international relations, 1890-1898 - a different course, R. Pommerin the German version of imperialism, 1898-1914 - Weltpolitik, I. Geiss Germany's foreign policy in the age of imperialism - a vicious circle?, G. Schollgen contradictory postures and conflicting objectives - the July crisis, G. Schmidt the historical significance of the First World War - a seminal catastrophe, A. Hillgruber.

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Our regular contributor dissects three books and two major reports dealing with the subject of management.


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Question: Use of under Pedestrian Tunnel More Benefitable Than Over Pedestrian Bridge

The concept of this paper briefs about how the under pedestrian tunnel is more suitable and benefit compared to the over pedestrian bridges built nowadays. The under pedestrian tunnel shown in the paper is of the highway where more pedestrians and moving vehicles exist. The under pedestrian tunnel is mainly built for the pedestrians safety as well as for giving them convenient relaxation to reach their destinations. This is the most suitable and conceptual thinking of a perfect civil engineer when the factor of area is more concerned. With the use of this under pedestrian tunnel the pedestrian can travel to larger distances with less efforts. The pedestrian can easily save time while using this pedestrian tunnel to reach the desired destination as compared to over pedestrian bridges.

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Increasing Rate of Mortality Due to HIV/AIDS in Iranian Chil-dren: An Alarm for Health Policymakers


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Question: Optimization Model for Layout of Joint Transport Facilities at Urban Rail Passenger Stations Based on Transfer Utility

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Urban rail passenger stations are the key nodes for transport convergence and conversion between rail and joint transport (bus, taxi, no-motor vehicle, vehicle), and the layout of joint transport facilities are the key factors affecting the operating efficiency at stations. To coordinate the spatial layout of joint transport facilities, from the view of trip utility, the paper analyzes that the transfer utility was the internal factor. Based on the BPR model of transfer impedance, from the aim of the resource layout to obtaining maximum transfer utility, the optimization model was formulated with least impedance. The example application showed that the model could optimize the spatial layout, which provided a quantitative analysis method of overall program of joint transport facilities at urban rail passenger stations.

Traditional Management and Management Engineering.- Dynamic Supply and Demand Balance Problems.- Linear and Probabilistic Resource Optimization and Allocation Problems.- Forecasting of Time Series.- Business Intelligence and Data Mining.- The Use of Game Theory.- Summary of Some Fundamental Management Engineering Principles.- Concluding Remarks.


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Question: Dendritic cell defects in the colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic alterations of the genome. However, also the formation of an inflammatory milieu plays a pivotal role in tumor development and progression. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a relevant role in tumor by exerting differential pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic functions, depending on the local milieu. Quantitative and functional impairments of DCs have been widely observed in several types of cancer, including CRC, representing a tumor-escape mechanism employed by cancer cells to elude host immunosurveillance. ::: ::: Understanding the interactions between DCs and tumors is important for comprehending the mechanisms of tumor immune surveillance and escape, and provides novel approaches to therapy of cancer. This review summarizes updated information on the role of the DCs in colon cancer development and/or progression.

The purpose of this study is to review the potential causal role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. The method used for the study is literature review. The microbiome plays a major role in educating the immune response. The microbiome is strongly implicated in inflammatory bowel disease which has clinical and genetic overlap with spondyloarthritis. The microbiome also plays a causal role in bowel and joint disease in HLA B27/human beta 2 microglobulin transgenic rats. The mechanism(s) by which HLA B27 could influence the microbiome is unknown but theories include an immune response gene selectivity, an effect on dendritic cell function, or a mucosal immunodeficiency. Bacteria are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Studies to understand how HLA B27 affects bacterial ecosystems should be encouraged.


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Question: Are you willing to pay the price? The impact of corporate social (ir)responsibility on consumer behavior towards national and foreign brands

This research examines how the country of origin (national vs. foreign) affects the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumers' willingness to pay and purchase intention. In the study, we adopted a first-price sealed bid auction approach, using money in a “real-world” setting. The results showed that CSR/corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) affects consumer behavior and, particularly, consumers' willingness to pay and purchase intention. The study supports both the moderation hypothesis of country of origin in the relationship between CSR/CSIR and willingness to pay and between CSR/CSIR and purchase intention. In the globalization context, these results have important implications for brands' communication and marketing strategy and can stimulate important insights in organizations. Future research directions and limitations are also discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore how the internet introduces opportunities for customer value and effectiveness when developing integrative logistics operations between alliance par ...


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Question: Improving the efficiency of design of brazed joints

Research results of comparative analysis of the carrying capacity of brazed lap joints and brazed double-strap joints of different kinds are given. It is shown that brazed double-strap joints ensure the load-carrying capacity higher than lap joints. The constructions of brazed joints with disc straps as well as in the form of ball segments which have low material capacity are suggested.

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This article discusses the construction of highly efficient algorithms of vision system to control the appearance of nonmetallic tubular products.


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Question: Research on the Evolution and Characteristic of Leisure Consumption Behavior of Chinese Urban Households

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The distinct discrepancy of leisure consumption between Chinese urban households and rural households makes the research on leisure consumption behavior of Chinese urban households an instant need.Exterior environment and internal elements of consumers are discussed to form the theoretical foundation of the study on the characteristic of leisure consumption behavior.The author then identifies three phases of behavior change of Chinese urban households in their leisure consumption,and makes a systematic analysis of the behavior features of each phase.On the basis of this analytical work,the paper generates a new hypothesis,that is,leisure consumption behavior of Chinese urban households is dominated by income strata.

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Outlook of Agricultural Development to 2050 and the Demand for Science and Technology.- Roadmap and Goals of Agricultural Science and Technology in China.- Roadmap of Plant Germplasm Resources and Modern Plant Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Animal Germplasm Resources and Modern Breeding Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Resource Saving Agricultural Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Production and Food Safety Science and Technology Development.- Roadmap of Agricultural Modernization and Intelligentization Science and Technology Development.- The Institutions and Policy Support for Agricultural Science and Technology Development in the Future.


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Question: Renewed prosperity for the country boats of Bangladesh

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper For example, ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', "Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome is a theory of children's reactions to sexual abuse. It describes the process by which some children disclose sexual abuse and the factors that may affect children's willingness to disclose and maintain allegations of sexual abuse over time. It includes the following five components: (a) secrecy; (b) helplessness; (c) entrapment and accommodation; (d) delayed, conflicted, and unconvincing disclosure; and (e) retraction. Considerable controversy exists regarding the theory, and it has been the focus of much debate in the psychological and legal fields. Debate has focused on three main issues: (a) whether the model can be used accurately to diagnose sexual abuse, (b) the appropriate use of the model in legal contexts, and (c) whether there is empirical support for child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome. ::: ::: ::: Keywords: ::: ::: forensic psychology; ::: child abuse; ::: child maltreatment; ::: children; ::: eyewitness testimony; ::: victim"] should be similar to ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome']

Abstract The country boats of Bangladesh provide a vital transportation network in a country of waterways and regular flooding. Traditionally they have relied exclusively on renewable energy inputs for their motive power. In recent years they have suffered severe economic decline due to competition from trucks and buses running on new road systems. This decline has been reversed by the use of small diesel engines for propulsion. The boatmen are now enjoying renewed prosperity and enhanced social status, changes which could not have occurred if they had continued to rely on renewable energy sources.

A first systematic survey and analysis of the movement of craft production in the wake of urbanism and the opening of new markets by Hanseatic traders in late medieval to early modern northyern Europe, and in particular the Baltic Sea region.


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Question: Experiments on ring wave packet generated by water drop

The propagation of ring wave packet (composed of carrier waves modulated by an envelope) generated by a water drop was studied experimentally. It is a localized wave packet propagating with constant velocity and low diffusion. The wavelength, the amplitude and the waveform of the carrier waves, the velocity of the carrier waves and the packet have been measured. The measured wavelength λe of the carrier waves and the measured group velocity Cge of the packet are near the minimum point of the dispersion curve of group velocity, which may be the main reason why the packet can propagate with low diffusion.

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We describe a new phenomenon, namely, the onset of self-induced spatial turbulence in the propagation of an intense wave in a periodically coupled waveguide.