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Question: Optically modulated rapid electrokinetic patterning for micro and nano particles

We show an optically induced AC electrokinetic technique that rapidly and continuously accumulates colloids on an electrode surface resulting in a crystalline-like monolayer aggregation. We demonstrate colloidal aggregation for particles ranging from 100 nm to 3 µm. Electrothermal hydrodynamics produce a microfluidic vortex that carries particles in suspension towards its center where they are trapped by low-frequency AC electrokinetic forces. We characterize the rate of particle aggregation as a function of the applied AC voltage and hence characterize trapping kinetics of this technique. We show that inter-particle distance varies with frequency and we explain this in the light of available theory.

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Real-time analysis of living cells requires microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with multiple detection and fluidic capabilities. In this paper we present progress towards a modular architecture for life-on-a-chip microsystems. Capabilities explored for use in MEMS modules include efficient mixing of fluids, genetically engineered reporters, microformat sensor patches, dielectrophoretic capture and cell manipulation, and electroimpedance spectroscopy.


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Question: Phytonutrients: structure-function relationship, health benefits, stability, and fate during processing

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Abstract Phytonutrients are abundant and extremely variegated compounds, able to perform several biological functions both in the producing organisms, and in those that utilize phytonutrients after absorption and assimilation. They have gained researchers' attention due to their unquestionable health-promoting properties and multiple possible uses in industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The high variability in chemical structure makes them excellent dyes, protein modulators and antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anticancer and anti-inflammatory compounds. The industrial processing for the transformation of raw products can induce either an increase, or, most commonly, a decrease in their total amount; although the application of modern transformation techniques has remarkably reduced the loss and/or the production of undesirable secondary products.

Proteomics is emerging as a valuable tool in nutritional research. Proteome analysis from plasma and blood cells can identify thousands of proteins that can potentially provide valuable new biomarkers for health, reveal early indications for disease disposition, assist in dietary responders from nonresponders, and enable the discovery of mechanisms of beneficial food component effects. This review discusses the latest developments in plasma, platelet and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomics, specifically in the field of nutritional proteomics, including issues relating to study design, sample preparation and data interpretation.


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Question: Agricultural seasonal unemployment, the standard of living, and women's work

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This paper was published as: Women's Work: The English Experience 1650-1914 / Sharpe, Pamela (editor), pp. 73-121.

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Human resources programs are evaluated by comparing the productivity of individuals who have benefited from a specific program to the productivity of similar individuals who have not had this benefit. To implement such an evaluation may require a model of the demand of households and individuals for several distinct forms of human capital, of how public agencies and private firms work with households to produce these forms of human capital, and of how these investments increase the lifetime productivity of individuals and thereby contribute to ecnomic growth and socio-demographic development. This paper proposes to estimate an integrated wage function that provides the policymaker with a basic tool for simulating the private and social returns to human resource stocks, specifically those in schooling, vocational experience, child nutrition, migration, adult health and nutrition and family planning.


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Question: Potential for use of gas flux measurements in surface exploration for geothermal resources

Soil gas fluxes to/from the atmosphere have been measured at Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, Beowawe and Steamboat Springs, Nevada. Methane was measured in all three areas during the summer of 1995. Methane, CO{sub 2} and stable carbon isotopes were measured at Roosevelt Hot Springs in the winter of 1996. A subtle relationship between CH{sub 4} fluxes and the geothermal anomalies was found and seasonal contrast exists because of methanotrophic oxidation in soils. The existence of methanotrophic oxidation was confirmed by stable carbon isotopic evidence. A strong positive CO{sub 2} flux existed over the entire KGRA at Roosevelt, and stable carbon isotopic data supported the existence of geothermal CO{sub 2} in the shallow soil gas. This geothermal CO{sub 2} was diffusing to the atmosphere where it was detected as a positive flux. The use of gas flux measurements has potential for reconnaissance geothermal exploration.

The geothermal aquifer of Daruvar supplies water to the springs near the centre of the town. Due to continuous pumping and utilization of geothermal water, there arose a necessity for thorough understanding of the system. Results of recent hydrogeological and hydrochemical research are described.


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Question: Conjugate thermal and mass diffusion effect on natural convection flow in presence of strong cross magnetic field

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Abstract Analysis of magnetohydrodynamic natural convection boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid along a heated vertical flat plate in the presence of strong cross magnetic field has been discussed. The boundary layer equations governing the flow are transformed to a convenient dimensionless form by using stream function formulation (SFF) and the numerical solution of which is obtained by employing an efficient marching order implicit finite difference scheme over the entire range of local Hartmann parameter, ξ. The behavior of ξ is also studied near the leading edge of the plate by embracing series solution method. However, asymptotic solution for large values of ξ is established analytically, based on the inverse coordinate expansion method. Here, consideration has been given to those fluids which served as liquid metals, by taking Pr

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Two-dimensional unsteady natural convection of a non-linear fluid represented by Criminale–Erickson–Filbey (CEF) fluid model in a square cavity is studied in the fluid for Rayleigh–Benard convection case. The governing vorticity and energy transport equations are solved numerically either simple explicit and ADI methods, respectively. The two-dimensional convective motion is generated by buoyancy forces on the fluid in a square cavity, when the vertical walls are either perfectly insulated or conducted with Biot boundary conduction condition. The contributions of the elastic and shear dependent characteristics of the liquid to the non-Newtonian behaviour are investigated on the temperature distribution and heat transfer. The effect of the Weissenberg (which is a measure of the elasticity of the fluid), Rayleigh and Biot numbers on the temperature and streamline profiles are delineated and this has been documented first time for the viscoelastic fluid.


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Question: A method and apparatus for controlling interference between the micro cell and a macro cell

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The present invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling interference between the micro cell and a macro cell in a minute area of the home base station. Specifically, in the case of detecting the presence of at least one injured macro user equipment, according to the home base station of the present invention to transmit power control within a defined by the upper and lower sections, thereby reducing interference on the victim macro user device At the same time, also ensure that the communications equipment and home users can meet the performance requirements. In addition, there is at least a victim indoor macro user equipment according to the present invention, the home base station is detected, and the corresponding interference control based on the detection result.

A wireless communication device is configured as an in-home node-B (H(e)NB). The H(e)NB is configured to perform a locking function to control modification of carrier and user controlled parameters, and also configured to detect a change in location.


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Question: Defects, a challenge for graphene in flexible electronics

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Abstract In this work we present the effect of defects in graphene on its potential for application in flexible electronics. We visualize defects at the grain boundaries, transfer defects and local atomic defects. We show that these defects are currently determining the gas barrier properties of graphene. Under strain up to only 2% we show that these defects lead to cracks in the graphene thereby deteriorating its conductivity.

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The development of e-textiles and conductive fabrics is strongly supported by the rapid growth of wearable electronics. Unfortunately, the fast development of production technologies for smart text...


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Question: Revisiting the association between endometriosis and bipolar disorder.

Abstract Objective We sought to study the association between endometriosis and bipolar disorder. Methods Using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, the prevalence of bipolar disorder was compared in 27 patients with endometriosis and 12 women with pelvic pain not related to endometriosis who were seen at a specialty gynaecology clinic for women with chronic pelvic pain. Results A significantly greater proportion of women in the endometriosis group were found to have bipolar disorder and a poorer quality of life than women with pelvic pain not related to endometriosis. Conclusion There may be an association between endometriosis and bipolar disorder An optimal approach to managing endometriosis should include evaluation and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity, particularly bipolar disorder.

Psoriasis used to be known as a skin disorder; however, it can now be considered as a systemic disease with the involvement of multiple organs. Neurological and psychiatric disorders are some of the associated problems that can be observed in patients with psoriasis. Stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizure, migraine, restless leg syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and myasthenia gravis are the reported neurological diseases, while depression, bipolar mood disorder, anxiety, psychosis, cognitive impairment, personality disorders, sexual disorders, sleep disturbance, and eating disorders are the recognized psychiatric presentations in patients with psoriasis. Herein, the neurological and psychiatric disorders of psoriasis are described.


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Question: Low temperature thermal conductivity of TGS

Abstract Thermal conductivity of triglycine sulphate single crystals has been studied. Measurements over a wide temperature range (5 to 300 K) have been performed with the samples at intervals of about 0.5 K to 10 K. No anomalies being observed in the range from 10 K to room temperature. It is therefore most probable that there is no low temperature phase transition in TGS crystals.

Abstract Depolarizing field arising in a ferroelectric on exposure to different factors brings about field emission of exoelectrons (FEE). The FEE phenomenon has been used to observe specially produced domain structure of TGS. An emission image of the polar surface of a TGS crystal subjected to a thermal shock using a CO2-laser is given.


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Question: A Highly Efficient, Large-Scale, Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction Employing Simple Threonine Derivatives as Recoverable Organocatalysts in the Presence of Water.

The catalyst is easily prepared in a single step, only 5 mol% are used, it is easily recovered and reused without significant loss of activity or stereoselectivity and the aldol reaction can be performed on a large scale.

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: Synthesis of a novel diene from a cyclobutane precursor: an entry to 2,9-disubstituted [2]diadamantanes

In the gas-phase thermolysis (350 °C) of heptacyclic cyclobutane 2 , n =1, (the [2+2] dimer of noradamantene) two isomeric dienes (the symmetric 5 , n =1 and the asymmetric 6a ) and the reduction product [2]diadamantane ( 7-H ) are formed. Computations suggest that at 350 °C a diradical intermediate ( 8 , n =1, derived from C–C bond cleavage of 2 , n =1) gives rise to 5 , n =1. Diradical 8 , n =1 is also likely to abstract allylic hydrogens from 5 , n =1 affording 7-H , and also to isomerize 5 , n =1 to give the diene 6b from which 6a can result as the more stable diene of a Cope rearrangement. The gas-phase thermolysis of 2 , n =1, in the presence of iodine affords 7-H at 350 °C and the new compound 2,9-diiodo-[2]diadamantane ( 7-I 2 ) at 150 °C. 7-I 2 can be easily prepared at room temperature by the iodination of 2 , n =1 in CH 2 Cl 2 and affords in a synthetically useful way diene 5 , n =1 by reduction with Na/Hg at room temperature.

Electrophile-induced ether transfer reactions of alkoxymethyl ether protected homoallylic alcohols with cyanide quench provide cyanoether adducts in high yield and excellent 1,3-syn-stereoselectivity. Subsequent base-mediated cyclization then provides the corresponding 2,4,6-trisubstituted cyano-tetrahydropyran.


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Question: Safe intrinsic evolution of Virtex devices

The new Virtex device is for many people the solution to the long term problem of implementing random configurations on digital electronic devices as is required in the paradigm of evolvable hardware. It has previously been shown that evolvable hardware was possible on these devices and that it can be accomplished using partial reconfiguration to speed up the configuration process. Unfortunately the circuit did not have any feedback paths, meaning that any time based circuits could not be implemented. This paper attempts to address this problem by using an array of xc6200 like cells within the Virtex device. Two applications are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of these ideas.

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Three-dimensional structure handling reactions and synthesis property prediction and analysis integrated systems.


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Question: Length Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Products: A Sensitive and Reliable Technique for the Detection of Mutations in KIT Exon 11 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the digestive tract. These tumors express the c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase, and many have activating mutations in the juxtamembrane region coded by the exon 11 of KIT. Detection of these mutations has prognostic and thera

Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


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Question: Friction compensation in the Furuta pendulum for stabilizing rotational modes

This paper is devoted to the problem of friction compensation in the underactuated Furuta pendulum. It is of interest to construct and stabilize the non-trivial periodic motions of the system. It is assumed that the friction phenomenon has a dynamical nature, which is covered by the LuGre friction model. Based on this assumption, it is shown how to construct an interesting class of periodic solutions for the Furuta pendulum via feedback. Finally, it is shown how to achieve an analytical solution to the asymptotic orbital stabilization problem in the presence of friction.

Abstract : Contents: Oscillations and stability of shafts on an oil film; Influence of the oil layer in plain bearings on the stability and critical speeds of high-speed rotors; Oscillations of a rotor on an oil film; Investigation of natural oscillations of a flexible rotor on plain bearings; Operational dynamics of flexible rotors of turbogenerators on built-in plain bearings; Investigation of the influence of elastic and damping properties of oil film on critical speeds of rotors of ship turbines; Forced oscillations of shaft leads of turbine units; Dynamics of rotor hydrostatic bearings; and Lubrication of packaging of rotors of turbogenerators; Calculation of thrust bearings and butt packings of rotors of turbogenerators; The question of the oscillation of rotors in slot packings of hydromachines.


Question: A Review of Carbamazepine's Hematologic Reactions and Monitoring Recommendations

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Early case reports of fatal hematologic effects attributed to carbamazepine (CBZ) resulted in extensive monitoring recommendations by the manufacturer. The rarity of blood dyscrasias led many authors to question the manufacturer's guidelines. Thus the manufacturer removed specific monitoring guidelines, allowing physicians to monitor CBZ using their clinical judgment. This article reviews case reports and studies of CBZ's hematologic effects. Due to their rapid onset, daily laboratory checks would be necessary to monitor for aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. These adverse effects are best monitored by informing patients and physicians to carefully watch for signs and symptoms. Leukopenia develops more slowly, occurring in approximately 12 percent of children and 7 percent of adults. Its onset is typically within the first three months of treatment, with patients at risk having a low or low-normal pretreatment white blood cell (WBC) count. Leukopenia often reverses, even if CBZ is con...

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Overview of Aging, Emotional Health and Behaviour. Section I: Prevalence and Diagnosis. Prevalence of Mental, Behavioural and Neurobehavioral Disorders among Older People with Intellectual Disabilities. Psychopathology and Older Age. General Etiological Issues. Assessment of Behavioural and Psychiatric Disorders. Depression in Adults and Aging Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Cognitive Decline and Aging. Behavioural and Psychiatric Overlays from Physical and Medical Conditions. Emotional Health and Aging in Adults with Down Syndrome. Section II Treatments and Interventions. Psychotherapy and Other Psychological Interventions. Aging--Related Behavioural Interventions. Psychotropic Medications. Dynamics of Bereavement and Grief Reactions. Section III Service System Issues. Community Mental Health and Support Services: Planning Principles and Models. Prevention Strategies and Community Education. Future Directions and Challenges


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Question: Mobile phone based social relationship identification for target vaccination in mobile healthcare

In general, vaccination is believed to be the best method to protect humans against diseases. Many works suggest that outbreaks can be controlled by target vaccination strategies without resorting to the traditional mass vaccination. In this paper, we explore the use of mobile phone records for extracting user social relationship information, which is then employed in target vaccination. In particular, we investigate the influence of vaccination through the social network on disease control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to consider the diffusion of vaccination influence. We evaluate our approach over real world data and simulation results indicate that our approach outperforms well employed methods by reducing not only the number of infections but also the cost of vaccination.

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Objective ::: To introduce a methodology for planning preventive health service research that takes into account geographic context.


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Question: Highly accelerated, free-surface flows

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Accelerations exceeding 20 g in surface waves have been observed both in experiments and in numerically computed flows with a free surface. The present paper describes a family of analytic solutions which display such behaviour. They are expressible in parametric form as z=F sinh ω+iG cosh ω+γω+iH, where F, G and H are functions of the time t only, and γ is linear in t. ω is a complex parameter which is real at the free surface. The functions F(t) and G(t) satisfy two nonlinear, coupled ODEs, which can be solved numerically. Typically the solutions pass through an «inertial shock», or singularity in the time, where the displacements vary as t 2/3 , the velocities as t -1/3 and the accelerations as t -4/3

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A full multigrid procedure is incorporated in a finite volume solution for predicting fully developed fluid flow in a streamwise periodic geometry.


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Question: Time constant measurement in technical superconductors: A theoretical solution of the problem

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Time constant measurements are a useful method for characterizing technical superconductors. The interpretation of measured pickup voltages may, however, lead to misleading results, because the signals are composed of an infinte number of exponentials. The complete theoretical solution is given using a slab model approach. With some modifications, the theory is also valid for superconducting wires. Comparison with experiments shows good agreement.

An analytical model to calculate the potential at the surface and at the center of silicon layer for long-channel Junctionless transistors is derived and explained the basic details. The analytical model is compared with the numerical solution of the fundamental equations showing the validity of the assumptions considered.


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Question: The Effect of Alkali Metal Ions on the Photoluminescence Properties of SrCl_2 : Eu~(2+) Phosphors

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Eu and alkali metal ions co-doped SrCl2 : Eu2+ ,R+ (R = Li,Na. K) phosphor was prepared by solid state reaction at moderate, lower-heating temperature. Its structure, photoluminscent properities and valent state of Eu ion were characterized by XRD, PL, XPS respectively. The results revealed that under excitation of 262 nm or 330 nm ultraviolet light, this phosphor emits strong blue fluorescence, with emission peak at the range from 405 nm to 416 nm. The co-doping of alkali metal ion may act as diluting ion for the activator. On the other hand, this co-doping enhanced the crystal field and covalency, which resulted in the increasing of emission intensity of SrCl2 : Eu2+ ,R+. The reduction mechanism of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in SrCl2 matrix, which may be due to the unequivalent substitution of Eu3+ for Sra+ , is also discussed.

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Abstract : Contents: Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs superlattices, Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa(2), Electronic structure study of the Pt-Ga intermetallic thin films on GaAs (100) using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, RHEED Studies of Epitaxial Growth of CoGa on GaAs by MBE-Determination of epitaxial phases and orientations, Internal Photoemission in CoGa/GaAs Schottky Barriers, Possible Injection of Electrons into the L Valley, Chemistry of Metal/ Compound-Semiconductor Interfaces, Phase Stability Versus The Lattice Mismatch of (100)Co1-xGa(x) Thin Films on (100)GaAs, Electrical resistivity of ultrathin, epitaxial CoGa on GaAs, and Growth and Annealing of Co(1-x)Ga(x) Thin Films on GaAs (100).


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Question: Nonisolated Coupled-Inductor-Based High Step-Down Converter With Zero DC Magnetizing Inductance Current and Nonpulsating Output Current

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A nonisolated coupled-inductor-based high step-down converter with zero dc magnetizing inductance current and nonpulsating output current is presented. Since the dc magnetizing inductance current is zero, the magnetizing current can be positive and negative. Therefore, the entire core B–H loop can be used, ranging from the first quadrant to the third quadrant. That is, the utilization of the coupled inductor can be improved and, hence, the core loss can also be reduced. Moreover, due to a discrete output inductor, the proposed converter also features a nonpulsating output current, which makes the output current ripple smaller. In this paper, detailed theoretical analyses and experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter.

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List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Basic Transmission Line Theory. 3. Evaluating the Transient Response of Linear Networks. 4. Mosfet Current-Voltage Characteristics. 5. Figures of Merit to Characterize the Importance of on-Chip Inductance in Single Lines. 6. Effects of Inductance on the Propagation Delay and Repeater Insertion Process in RLC Lines. 7. Equivalent Elmore Delay for RLC Trees. 8. Characterizing Inductance Effects in RLC Trees. 9. Repeater Insertion in Tree Structured Inductive Interconnect. 10. Dynamic and Short-Circuit Power of CMOS Gates Driving Lossless Transmission Lines. 11. Exploiting On-Chip Inductance in High Speed Clock Distribution Networks. 12. Accurate and Efficient Evaluation of the Transient Response in RLC Circuits: The DTT Method. 13. On the Extraction of On-Chip Inductance. 14. Conclusions. Bibliography. Appendices. Index. About the Authors.


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Question: [Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) in patients with retinal vein occlusions].

Two cases of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) use are reported. The drug promotes resolution of macular edema and ensures a long-term improvement of visual acuity. The latter may depend on such factors as the duration of the disease and localization of the occlusion. Application of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant provides new opportunities for the treatment of retinal vein occlusions.

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Inflammatory choroidal neovascularization is a severe but uncommon complication of uveitis, more frequent in posterior uveitis such as punctate inner choroidopathy, multifocal choroiditis, serpiginous choroiditis, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Its pathogenesis is supposed to be similar to the wet age related macular degeneration: hypoxia, release of vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal cell derived factor 1-alpha, and other mediators seem to be involved in the uveitis-related choroidal neovascularization. A review on the factors implicated so far in the pathogenesis of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization was performed. Also we reported the success rate of single studies concerning the therapies of choroidal neovascularization secondary to uveitis during the last decade: photodynamic therapy, intravitreal bevacizumab, and intravitreal ranibizumab, besides steroidal and immunosuppressive therapy. Hereby a standardization of the therapeutic approach is proposed.


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Question: History Of The Baltimore And Ohio Railroad

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Introduction Innocence Lost Family Matters In the Gym and Boardroom Higher Learning Coming to America Something Old, Something New Bibliography Index


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Question: On the nature of fluctuation holes in a simplest model of relaxation in amorphous polymers

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An approach is developed, according to which the formation of free volume (i.e., holes) in a liquid or in an amorphous solid is related to limiting displacements of certain kinetic units (atoms or atom groups) from their equilibrium positions as a result of density fluctuations. This mechanism of hole birth and migration removes the obstacles in explaining some phenomena, including the temperature variation of viscosity for a fixed volume of the system. The known relationships of the free volume model are interpreted within the framework of the fluctuation hole theory. It is shown that, in the domain of the glass transition in liquids, the accessible fraction of the free fluctuation volume (f g ≃ 0.025) accounts for only a small proportion of the total free fluctuation volume (ΔαT g =≃ 0.1).

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First-order phase transitions in ultradisperse systems were studied theoretically. The results obtained are used to discuss crystallization in amorphous metals


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Question: Complete Genome Sequence of Solvent-Tolerant Clostridium beijerinckii Strain SA-1

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequence of Clostridium beijerinckii SA-1, derived by directed evolution from C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052, selecting for enhanced solvent tolerance. This sequence allows for accurate placement of SA-1 as C. beijerinckii, permits functional analyses of mutant phenotypes, and suggests methods for distinguishing SA-1 from its parent.

Abstract Large secondary alcohols, 5-[4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin ( 1a ) and the zinc complex 1b , designed on the basis of the transition-state model recently proposed by us, were subjected to the lipase-catalyzed transesterifications. The alcohols were resolved using lipases from Pseudomonas cepacia (lipase PS), Candida antarctica (CHIRAZYME L-2), Rhizomucor miehei (CHIRAZYME L-9), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (lipase LIP) with high enantioselectivities ( E > 100).


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Question: The Influences of Service Quality and Satisfaction on Loyalty Intention: A Study of An Online Bookstore in Malaysia

This study was aimed at confirming the dimensionality, relevance and quality of an online shopping service in Malaysia. Moreover, perceptions of service quality dimensions were assessed along with customer satisfaction.

A Cross-National Investigation of An Extended Technology Acceptance Model in The Online Shopping Context: A Study Case of Online Apparel Industry Across ASEAN Member States - Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Online Shopping, ASEAN, Intention.


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Question: A simple formulation for quasistatic solutions of elliptical, cylindrical and asymmetrical coplanar strip lines

Simple, analytic CAD-oriented expressions for calculating the quasistatic TEM parameters of asymmetrical coplanar strip lines (ACPS), elliptical coplanar strip lines (ECPS), and cylindrical coplanar strip lines (CCPS) using the conformal mapping method are presented. Derived expressions are accurate and very simple to use in antennas and microwave integrated circuits. Comparisons are also made between the results of this paper and ones available in the literature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 18–21, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20032

This paper presents an analytical treatment of the boundary value problem of an isotropic elastic bimaterial full space with interfacial tension subjected to an axisymmetric body force. The interfa...


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Question: Improved excimer laser annealing of thin film

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The present disclosure relates to a new generation of laser crystallization method can be crystallized Si films for large displays with dramatically increased effective crystallization rate. Particular manner to present to this aspect of the present disclosure is referred to as modified excimer laser annealing (AELA) method, which is a variety of available, so as to produce a large OLEDTV using proven technology components it can be easily constructed. As in the case of ELA, the effective it is primarily is a partially / nearly complete melting regime based crystallization method, in the end, more than one order of magnitude than the conventional ELA techniques utilize the same laser source it is capable of achieving an increase in the crystallization rate. .FIELD 14A

Damage-profile tailoring using multi-energy ion implants can produce smooth side walls and deeper etched features with ion-bombardment-enhanced wet etching of LiNb03 than is possible with a single-energy implant. High ion fluences can produce buried microcracks which may contribute to propagation losses commonly observed in ion-implanted waveguides.


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Question: Microstructures and properties of friction stir welded 409L stainless steel using a Si3N4 tool

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) was performed on 409L ferritic stainless steel using a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) tool. FSW was performed at a tool rotation speed of 700 rpm and a travel speed of 60 mm min −1 . In this study, the microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, and corrosion properties in the weld were examined. The stir zone (SZ) had equiaxed grains with ferrite structures due to dynamic recrystallization. Any precipitates, such as Cr-carbide (Cr x C y ), were not observed in the SZ and heat affected zone (HAZ). The joint had similar intergranular corrosion resistance as that of the base metal (BM) due to the non-sensitive HAZ during welding. Also, the mass loss of the joint by pitting corrosion was similar to that of the BM. The mechanical properties in the weld were similar to that of the BM. In this regard, FSW is a proper welding process for 409L stainless steel.

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The dry sliding wear behaviour of the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb alloy and the AZ91–2.0Ca–0.3Sb–xSiCnp nanocomposites have been investigated. The wear rate is lower for all the nanocomposites compared to the...


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Question: An Approach to Reduce Soft Error Rate of SRAM-Based FPGA via Partial Redundance Mitigation and Particle Swarm Optimization

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Soft Error is a big challenge for FPGA-based digital systems' reliability and life in radiation environments. In this paper, we present an approach to for reducing soft error rate (SER) in SRAM-based FPGA. The entire VHDL is divided into multiple modules according to function. The SER of each module is calculated by an analytic estimation method. And then we introduce the r/KPSO to determine the mitigation strategy rather than performing mitigation for all the modules. Only parts of whole modules are implemented with redundance mitigation which is determined by r/KPSO with maximum redundant area constrains. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach can provide one order of magnitude of SER reduction with about 70% redundant area cost.

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Provided: "['Represent the input', 'BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Body weight is negatively associated with adolescent Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Despite this well-established relationship, some adolescents with obesity do not ...']" Match: "['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about!', 'When ignorance is bliss: weight perception, body mass index and quality of life in adolescents']"


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Question: Experimental Studies on Crazing Damage in Stressed PMMA

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This paper presents an optical technique to quantify the creep crazing damage in stressed transparent glassy polymeric sheet of PMMA.Craze area density in this article is defined by ratio of crazing area and the overall area of the region selected.The specimens are loaded for a defined period of time under creep condition with defined temperature,after which the craze densities are measured with an optical microscope.Finally,this paper aims to find out the relation among craze area density and stress and time.

Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


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Question: Self-refreshing SOM fordynamic process state monitoring ina circulating fluidizedbed

Recentstudies haveshownthatintelligent systemsapproaches havepotential forsolving complex industrial problems. Inaddition, process dataisvaluable for theprocess state monitoring andknowledge management of theprocess anditcanbe usedfortheoptimization of productivity. Inthispapernovelapproach fordynamic process statemonitoring ispresented andapplied ina circulating fluidized bedenergy plant. Theproposed method isbasedonself-refreshing modification oftheself-organizing mapwherepreviously learned datawasusedrecursively to avoidcatastrophic forgetting. Theresults ofthesimulations showedthatmethodisauseful toolformonitoring process states ofdynamic processes andproduced reasonable results also inthecaseofacirculating fluidized bedenergy plant. IndexTerms- Self-refreshing SOM,dynamicprocess statemonitoring, circulating fluidized bedenergyplant, industrial applications

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The thesis advances a software fault-tolerant technology.This technology consists of the following seven software fault-tolerant functions:software process monitor, software text monitor,software text test,software text error localization,software text repair,software text reconfiguration and software process reconfiguration.The software process reconfiguration consists of multistage reconfiguration ofsystematical organization and multistage reconfiguration of systematical performance.With this technology we have initiated the following four useable fields:(a) softwaremaintenance tool of automatical test and automatical repair;(b)fault-tolerant operatingsystem;(c) multi-processor system of automatical reconfiguration;(d) storage system ofautomatical reconfiguration.


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Question: [Transmissive drug resistance and virulence of "epidemic" strains of S. typhimurium].

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A total of 59 "epidemic" strains of S. typhimurium and 52 cultures isolated from the cases with sporadic diseases were studied with respect to the nature of their resistance to 10 antibiotics and virulence for albino mice under conditions of subcutaneous and oral inoculation. The virulence of the cultures isolated from the cases with sporadic diseases was higher in the strains sensitive to antibiotics. The "epidemic" strains were characterized by the lowest virulence for the mice and resistance to 8-10 antibiotics simultaneously with the transmissive nature of resistance to 1-5 drugs. The transmissive nature of resistance to antibiotics and its spectrum may serve an additional epidemiological marker of the strains.

Ten pathogenic bacteria were isolated from liver, spleen and ascites in obscure puffer Fugu obscurus and identified as commonly Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas trotra, Aeromonas hvdrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio damsela, Vibrio parahacmelyticus, Vibrio metschnikevii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Plesiomonas shigelloides. The drug sensitivity tests showed that neomycin and ofloxacin are effective for treatment of these bacteria.


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Question: Stability constants of mixed ligand complexes of vanadium(III) with cysteine and the amino acids serine, threonine, methionine and phenylalanine

Abstract The formation of the ternary complexes of Vanadium (III)- l -cysteine with the amino acids serine (HSer), threonine (HThr), methionine (HMet) and phenylalanine (HPhe) in aqueous solution was studied by means of emf(H) electromotive force measurements under the conditions: 3.0 M KCl and temperature (25.0 ± 0.1) °C, in order to know the speciation of these systems. The data obtained through potentiometric measurements were analyzed using the computer program generalized least squares LETAGROP, which indicate the formation of ternary complexes of the type [V(Cys)(HL)]+, V(Cys)(L) and the hydrolysis products [V(Cys)(L)(OH)]− and [V(Cys)(L)(OH)2]2 −, where L represents the amino acids studied (L = Ser, Thr, Met, Phe ). The spectrophotometric studies indicate the presence of six-coordinated and heptacoordinated complexes for the V(III)-H2Cys-HThr system. The Δ log K″ indicated that the ternary complexes are more stable than the binary ones.

The preparation of some anilides, esters and amides of N-acetyl and N,S-diacetyl-cysteine is described. Of the compounds synthesized, particular interest was aroused by the p-hydroxyanilide derivatives of N-acetyl and N,S-diacetyl-L-cysteine owing to their analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity.


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Question: (129)I dispersion in Argentina: concentrations in fresh and marine water and deposition fluences in Patagonia.

Measurements of total iodine (I) and iodine-129 ((129)I) concentrations in rivers and lakes of Argentina are presented. Their latitudinal distribution can be explained by taking into account their main sources (oceanic emissions and biomass burning for I, and atmospheric nuclear tests for (129)I), transport mechanisms, and fallout patterns. From the measured (129)I concentrations in the studied lakes, deposition fluences for their catchment areas were estimated. These results agree with a model of the global deposition pattern due to the (129)I released by atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and with other fluences reported for the southern hemisphere. In addition, the first measurements of (129)I in shallow seawater from the South Atlantic Ocean are presented and discussed.

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Results of analysis of the content, size, and chemical composition of metallic impurities in dispersed ore gold particles from different deposits are presented.


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Question: Catalysts for Synthesis of Light Alkenes From Carbon Dioxide Through Hydrogenation With One-Step Method

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CuO-ZnO/SAPO-34 composite catalyst was prepared by hydrothermal method,and applied in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to light olefins in one-step process.CuO-ZnO was used to synthesis methanol from CO2,while SAPO-34 molecular sieve take the catalytic role of methanol dehydration to light olefins.The properties and catalytic activity of composite catalyst were investigated by XRD,TEM,SEM,IR and fixed bed response evaluation.When the reaction condition is reaction temperature 270 ℃,the reaction pressure 3.5 MPa,molar ratio of hydrogen/carbon dioxide 4,volumetric space velocity 1 600 h-1,the catalyst shows good activity and selectivity.The conversion rate of CO2 can reach 18.71%,and the yields of ethylene and propylene can reach 9.27% and 4.76%.

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


Question: The deep femoral artery and branching variations: a case report Arteria profunda femoris ve dallarinin varyasyonu: olgu sunumu

The deep femoral artery is the major branch of the femoral artery. Its branches and branching show various variations. For this reason, an extensive knowledge about the anatomy of the deep femoral artery is indeed important in vascular reconstructive surgery involving the groin. In this investigation, a case with variations of the deep femoral artery origin and branching has been presented. The case was a 45-year old male cadaver and the arterial variation was noted during routine dissection. The right and left origins of the deep femoral artery varied. When the midpoint of the inguinal ligament was taken as a reference, the right artery originated at 5.58 cm and the left artery at 2.22 cm. In the left, the ascending branch and transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery originated. At a joint root and the descending branch originated directly at the deep femoral artery. Also in the left, it was observed that there were eight perforating arteries.

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Liposarkom, en sik gorulen malign tumorlerden olmasina karsin, bas-boyun bolgesinde, ozellikle de orbital kavitede oldukca nadirdir. Bu makalede, literaturdeki en genc vakalardan biri olan, yanlis klinik tani ve yetersiz histopatolojik degerlendirme nedeniyle tedavisi geciken 14 yasinda bir kizda rastladigimiz orbital liposarkom sunulmustur.


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Question: Gas čerenkov detector for low energy gamma ray astronomy

Abstract The gas-Cerenkov balloon-borne cosmic gamma ray detector described here has a variable energy threshold and is sensitive down to 15 MeV with a half-angle resolution of 5° to 7°. Gamma rays are detected by a coincidence between light pulses from a scintillator plate, where the gamma rays convert and Compton-scatter, and a mirror that collects the Cerenkov radiation emitted as the gamma ray-produced electrons move through a 2 m gas column between the scintillator plate and the mirror. The detector's efficiency and angular response were calculated by a Monte Carlo program and used to predict minimum detectable source intensities.

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Reviews: developments in particle physics; cosmology; solar neutrinos; astroparticle theory; new methods and projects in underground physics (gallium-germanium solar neutrino detector SAGE, underground Scintillation Telescope, EAS array "carpet"); dark matter; and double beta decay searches.


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Question: The effect of environmental factors on the absorption of amino acids by isolated gill tissue of the bivalve, Mya arenaria (L.)

Abstract The absorption of amino acids by isolated gill tissue of Mya arenaria (L.) was examined under conditions in which the environmental temperature, salinity, and pH were varied experimentally. A decrease in salinity resulted in a fall in amino-acid uptake. The V max of L-histidine uptake increased with temperature, the Q 10 for the range 5° to 15 °C being 2.64. No significant effect of pH on amino-acid absorption was observed over the pH range 6.2–8.8. These results emphasize the need clearly to specify the experimental conditions when substrate uptake values are used to calculate the contribution made by any extra-alimentary absorption route to the nutritional economy of an animal.

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A combined molecular biological, (bio)chemical and immunocytochemical study was carried out on the role of neuropeptides in the control of the biannual reproductive cycle in the female lobster.


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Given ['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'The closely related homomeric and heterodimeric mannose-binding lectins from garlic are encoded by one-domain and two-domain lectin genes, respectively'] it matches with ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Lectin cDNA clones for two different lectins from garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs, ASAI and ASAII (ASA, Allium sativum agglutinin), were isolated and characterized. The first lectin, ASAI, is a heterodimer composed of two different subunits of 11.5 kDa and 12.5 kDa. It is translated from an mRNA of 1400 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 306 amino acids with two very similar domains. N-terminal sequencing of the two polypeptides of the mature lectin confirmed that both subunits are derived from the same precursor and that each corresponds to one of the two domains in the sequence. In contrast to ASAI, the second garlic lectin, ASAII, is a homodimer of two identical 12-kDa subunits. It is translated from an mRNA of approximately 800 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 154 amino acids. Interestingly, the coding region of the ASAII cDNA clones is almost identical to that of the second domain of the ASAI cDNA clones.'] but not with ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title.', 'At least two different receptor molecules have been described that are capable of binding tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cytokine that plays an important role in inflammation and antitumor activity. Comparative analyses at the nucleotide sequence level suggest that these receptors are members of a newly defined protein family that also includes human and rat nerve growth factor receptors. In this study, we determine the chromosome assignments of the human TNF alpha receptor genes, one of which may have evolved as part of a conserved Hox locus-containing chromosome segment.']

Question: Exploration of the Elective Courses of Interventional Cardiology

This paper outlines some ideas about offering elective courses of interventional cardiology to medical students,and raises a series of practical means in this process.With the establishment of elective courses,the teaching reform ideas are explored.It provided greater free development space for the students,and train high-quality clinical personnel for Yunnan Province to meet the needs of the community.

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This presentation was part of the session : Partnerships to Enhance Continuing Engineering Education Curriculum and Quality


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Question: Relationship of instrumental assessment of spaghetti cooking quality to the type and the amount of material rinsed from cooked spaghetti

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The total organic matter (TOM) test of D’Egidio et al. ( Cereal Foods World 27 (1982) 367), which determines the amount of material that can be obtained by exhaustive rinsing of drained, cooked spaghetti, related very closely to instrumental evaluation of cooked spaghetti stickiness, firmness and elasticity. The TOM test was scaled down successfully to analyse samples comprising about 25 g of spaghetti, thus making the test a viable low-cost alternative to instrumental methods for use in quality screening programs. Spaghetti stickiness and TOM results were highly sensitive to the hardness of the cooking water, thus making standardization of the cooking water essential. Better discrimination of differences in stickiness and TOM values among samples was achieved at higher values of cooking water hardness. Examination of the components within TOM solutions suggested that high concentrations of amylose on the surface of cooked spaghetti may contribute to stickiness.

Twenty-six food products which are commonly consumed in Korea were classified according to the method of Oldfield et al., based on the physical and rheological properties, and subjected to the measurement of textural characteristics by the General Foods Texturometer. It was found that the measurement conditions, texturometer curves and parameters differed depending on the food group such as gelatinous, heterogeneous gelatinous, fatty emulsion, cellular textured, fibrous, spongy and porous solid food products. Diverse texturometer curves were obtained from the same kinds of food products, especially among the porous solid food products.


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Question: Counting of Spanning Trees in Complete Graph K_p of Even Order

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"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Combining with specific engineering example,this paper introduces the application of soil nailing support technique in foundation pit engineering,respectively expounds matters needing attention in earth excavation,drainage facilities arrangement,support construction technology and so on,and then proposes the construction points of soil nailing supporting technique in foundation pit engineering,so as to provide references for future similar engineering construction.']" == "['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Application of soil nailing support technique in foundation pit engineering']"

The definition of spanning subgraphs is given.The counting theorem and constraction theorem of spanning subgraphs are proved.The counting method and construction method of spanning trees are proposed.The counting and the construction of spanning subgraphs with cycle and a cyclic spanning trees in a complete graph Kp are presented.

The sections in this article are ::: ::: ::: 1 ::: Asymptotic Equipartition Property ::: ::: 2 ::: Information Stability Property ::: ::: 3 ::: Application to Source Coding Theory ::: ::: 4 ::: Application to Channel Coding Theory ::: ::: 5 ::: Final Remarks


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Question: Adsorption of volatile organic compounds in pillared clays: Estimation of the separation factor by a method derived from the dubinin-radushkevich equation

In this work the results of adsorption of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs), namely, methanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethylene, in pillared clays are analyzed by a modelrecently proposed to estimate the separation factor of a selected pair of molecules in a given adsorbent. Although the precise design of the process of selective adsorption of VOCs would need more elaborated methodologies, the present model has the advantage of being developed for microporous adsorbents, the parameters and the calculations involved are accessible, and, in this way, it could provide useful information to material scientists during the work of optimization of the adsorption properties of a given adsorbent for a particular system that involves adsorption and/or recovering of noxious volatile organic compounds.

Kinetic modeling of the catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) over a palladium supported on alumina was evaluated. On the basis of previous studies on the effect of temperature, inlet TCE and oxygen concentrations, and the space velocity on the reaction rate, a five-step reaction network scheme, based on an Eley−Rideal-type mechanism, provided an accurate correlation of the experimental data, determined by a nonlinear least-squares regression.


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Question: The effect of brain- derived neurotrophic factor on regeneration of nerve fibers after crush injury

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Objective To explore the effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)on regeneration of distal axon in sciatic nerve after cfrush injury.Method Distal axon was assessed by quantitavtive and qualitative analysis of pathology Result Light microscope indicated the density of large diameter of peroneal－ nerve was higher in study group compared with control group(P0.01).No differences in density of little diameter fiber were found between study and control group.EM showed the density of non－ medullated fibers with diameter0.5μ m in study group was higher than that of control group.The numbers of layer in myelin was positively related to transverse axonal area(P0.01). The regression codfficient in study group wsa higher compared with control group(P=0.0023). Conclusion BDNF may promoted maturation of sensoy nerve and formation of the myeline.

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Fewshot example: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Research results of comparative analysis of the carrying capacity of brazed lap joints and brazed double-strap joints of different kinds are given. It is shown that brazed double-strap joints ensure the load-carrying capacity higher than lap joints. The constructions of brazed joints with disc straps as well as in the form of ball segments which have low material capacity are suggested.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Improving the efficiency of design of brazed joints']"

Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside with a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities. Recently, it has been shown that aucubin prevents neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats with diabetic encephalopathy. In addition, it has protective effects on H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. We have shown here that aucubin promotes neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth in neural stem cells cultured primarily from the rat embryonic hippocampus. We also investigated whether aucubin facilitates axonal elongation in the injured peripheral nervous system. Aucubin promoted lengthening and thickness of axons and re-myelination at 3 weeks after sciatic nerve injury. These results indicate that administration of aucubin improved nerve regeneration in the rat model of sciatic nerve injury, suggesting that aucubin may be a useful therapeutic compound for the human peripheral nervous system after various nerve injuries.


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Question: Nickel-catalyzed regioselective allylation of allylic alcohols

Abstract Regioselective allylmetallation of allylic alcohol has been accomplished by treatment with allylzinc in the presence of a nickel catalyst. Benzylic protective group of allyl alcohol facilitates the allylmetallation.

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The preparation of the unnatural bicyclic alpha-amino acids 7 and 8 is described along with their utility as chiral ligands in the copper-catalyzed enantioselective allylic oxidation of cylohexene ...


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Question: A Study on Total Factor Energy Efficiency of Coal-fired Power Plants Considering Environmental Protection

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In this study, we measure the total-factor energy efficiency under the constraint of environment of 13 coal-fired power plants in Hebei province over the period of 2009 to 2011 using the DEA model which based on the environmental production technology and the directional distance function. The results indicate that the total factor energy efficiency of sample power plants is still at sub-optimal level of around 0.84 and the efficiency is over estimated when without looking at environmental impacts. This indicates that undesirable outputs have a significant influence on energy efficiency of power plants. Poor performance of few power plants is due to their ability to manage the undesirable outputs need to be improved. In order to improve energy efficiency and achieve sustainable development, plants should concentrate on both energy saving and emission reduction at the same time.

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Environmental Challenges, Regulations and Institutions in Saudi Arabia.- Environmental Concerns and Policies in Saudi Arabia.- Environmental Investments.- Incentive Structures.- Environmental Business Channels.- The Way Forward.


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'['', 'A Comparative Study on Machine Learning Classification Models for Activity Recognition']' == '['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Activity Recognition (AR) systems are machine learning models developed for cell-phones and smart wearables to recognize various real-time human activities such as walking, standing, running and biking. In this paper, the performance (accuracy and computational time) of several well-known supervised and unsupervised learning models including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors’, Naive Base, ’Decision Tree’ and Random Forest are examined on a dataset. It is shown that Random Forest model outperforms other models with accuracy over 99 percent. It is shown that PCA significantly improved the performance of Artificial Neural Network with one hidden layer and SVM models in both accuracy and time, while PCA showed to have negative impacts on Random Forest or Decision Tree models by increasing the running time and decreasing the prediction accuracy.']' != '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Traditional Management and Management Engineering.- Dynamic Supply and Demand Balance Problems.- Linear and Probabilistic Resource Optimization and Allocation Problems.- Forecasting of Time Series.- Business Intelligence and Data Mining.- The Use of Game Theory.- Summary of Some Fundamental Management Engineering Principles.- Concluding Remarks.']'

Question: Study on faulty feeder selection methods of single-phase earthed fault in non-solidly grounded systems

When a single-phase earthed fault happened in non-solidly grounded systems, it is very important to select the faulty feeder rapidly in order to improve the power supply reliability. All currently used detection principles of single-phase earthed fault are analyzed in the paper. The advantages and disadvantages of each selection principle are also summarized. Finally, it presents my view on single-phase earthed fault detection: detection methods using transient signals have better sensitivity than that using steady state signals; it is not only applicable for Peterson coiled systems, but also applicable for intermittent arc earthed fault. With the development of modern microelectronic technique, the transient signal generated by earthed fault can be easily recorded and processed by complicated digital algorithm; hence, transient detection method must be more applicable in the future faulty feeder selection devices.

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The on-line technology for monitoring temperature increase of switch contact of cubicle switchboard and the countermeasures for its overheating faults were discussed by taking the KYN28A indoor steel-clad removable handcart switchboard as example.


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Question: Unionized Contracts with Fixed Wage Rates and State-Contingent Employment Levels

represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title! For instance, <<['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Natural language is an easy and effective medium for describing visual ideas and mental images. Thus, we foresee the emergence of language-based 3D scene generation systems to let ordinary users quickly create 3D scenes without having to learn special software, acquire artistic skills, or even touch a desktop window-oriented interface. WordsEye is such a system for automatically converting text into representative 3D scenes. WordsEye relies on a large database of 3D models and poses to depict entities and actions. Every 3D model can have associated shape displacements, spatial tags, and functional properties to be used in the depiction process. We describe the linguistic analysis and depiction techniques used by WordsEye along with some general strategies by which more abstract concepts are made depictable.']>>  to <<['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'WordsEye: an automatic text-to-scene conversion system']>>

A union sets a state-independent wage, the firm sets employment along the state-contingent demand-for-labor curve. The union's maximand is the welfare of its cu rrent members. However, it sets a wage at which outsiders are recruit ed in good states, so as to protect insiders' employment prospects in bad states. If these newly recruited workers join the union, there m ay exist an equilibrium membership. Comparative statics results are o btained for government policy measures. Copyright 1988 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.

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AbstractThe following sections are included:Chairman Greenspan Uses the Unemployment Rate to Enforce the Speed Limit on Economic GrowthDownsizing: The Path to Recovery From Junk Bond DebtBondholders Contribute to Trade Deficits and Still More Downward Pressures on Jobs and WagesA Weakened Asia and Russia Adds to U.S. Financial Volatility and Greenspan's VulnerabilityDownsizing the Middle Class at the MillenniumNotes


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Question: Synthesis and Analysis of Medical Intermediate 2-(p-chlorobenzyl) Pyridine

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p-chlorobenzyl) pyridine is prepared from 4-chlorobenzyl chloride and pyridine hydrochloride via condensation. The affection to the yield of some factors, such as material proportion, catalyst quantity, reaction time, reaction temperature and the persistent time of the temperature, are discussed, and the preferable process condition is determined. Under the preferable technological condition, the molar yield of 2-(p-chlorobenzyl) pyridine is about 58.4%. The resultants of the whole synthesis system are analyzed by gas chromatography with temperature programmable column oven, which gets ideal effects.

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1. ::: ::: A series of quinones containing acetylenic substituents in the quinone ring have been synthesized by oxidizing acetylenic derivatives of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene and 1,4-dimethoxynaphthalene with Ce(NH4)2 (NO3)6. ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 2. ::: ::: 2,5-Bis(3′-N-morpholino-1′-propynyl)-1,4-dimethoxybenzene on reaction with Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 undergoes oxidative deamination to the dialdehyde, 2,4-di(formylethynyl)-1,4-dimethoxybenzene.


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Question: Bayesian Conjugate Analysis for Transition Probabilities of Non-Homogeneous Markov Chain: A Survey

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The present study surveys Bayesian modeling structure for inferences about transition probabilities of Markov chain. The motivation of the study came from the data that shows transitional behaviors of emotionally disturbed children undergoing residential treatment program. Dirichlet distribution was used as prior for the multinomial distribution. The analysis with real data was implemented in WinBUGS programming environment. The performance of the model was compared to that of alternative approaches.

Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps in Rd.- Martingale Theory and the Stochastic Integral for Point Processes.- Brownian Motion, Stochastic Integral and Ito's Formula.- Stochastic Differential Equations.- Some Useful Tools in Stochastic Differential Equations.- Stochastic Differential Equations with Non-Lipschitzian Coefficients.- Applications.- How to Use the Stochastic Calculus to Solve SDE.- Linear and Non-linear Filtering.- Option Pricing in a Financial Market and BSDE.- Optimal Consumption by H-J-B Equation and Lagrange Method.- Comparison Theorem and Stochastic Pathwise Control.- Stochastic Population Control and Reflecting SDE.- Maximum Principle for Stochastic Systems with Jumps.


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Question: SelInv---An Algorithm for Selected Inversion of a Sparse Symmetric Matrix

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We describe an efficient implementation of an algorithm for computing selected elements of a general sparse symmetric matrix A that can be decomposed as A = LDLT, where L is lower triangular and D is diagonal. Our implementation, which is called SelInv, is built on top of an efficient supernodal left-looking LDLT factorization of A. We discuss how computational efficiency can be gained by making use of a relative index array to handle indirect addressing. We report the performance of SelInv on a collection of sparse matrices of various sizes and nonzero structures. We also demonstrate how SelInv can be used in electronic structure calculations.

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These invited talks discuss the following: STG Decomposition and Its Correctness; Asynchronous Network-On-Chip and its Potential.


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Question: trade and sociability: balanced reciprocity as generosity in the New Guinea highlands

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Analyses of material exchanges have concentrated on ceremonialized forms. Approaches to trade are poorly developed and are materialist and utilitarian. After presenting a distinction between prestations and trade based on actors' interpretations, this paper explores aspects of the sociable dimensions of Maring trade. While trade is indigenously defined as self-interested and pragmatic, it actually has the capacity to express and construct social relationships through the appearance of generosity in otherwise balanced transactions. [economic anthropology, exchange, trade, generosity, New Guinea, Maring]

The creation of a large artificial lake in i968 that flooded a large part of the Sekani homeland has led to change in the political outlook of the reorganized Sekani villages. In particular, there has been a reemergence of a universalist social-political philosophy, pan-Indianism, that had as its precursor the cultural-political category of phratry. The association between disruption and the emergence of this system of categorization is historically grounded. The particular problem addressed is why the Sekani speak English when there is little direct contact with EuroCanadians and no particular advantages, in terms of adaptation to the new economic regime, in doing so. Changes in Sekani English in the political sphere and in relationship terms are examined within the context of maintaining a commitment to pan-Indianism/universalism. (Language loss, bilingualism, political culture, ways of speaking, British Columbia, Athapaskan languages)


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Question: Electricity demand scenarios for Ghana's long term development plans

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Ghana in the mid-1990s launched a long-term development plan to transforms its low-income country status into an upper middle-income economy by 2020. The plan envisaged accelerating the average annual real GDP growth of about 4.4% in the 1990s to around 8.3% per annum by 2020. The sustainability of the energy required by the economic transformation was investigated by Energy Commission which in 2006 released Ghana's first long term energy plan called Strategic National Energy Plan (SNEP) to propel the long term economic growth vision. The SNEP2006-2020 has been updated to 2016–2030 following among other factors the debasing of the country's economy from 1993 to 2006. Electricity demand is projected to increase at an average annual growth rate of 6.57.7% from about 16,500 GWh in 2016 to 40,000–52,000 GWh in 2030, the global SE4ALL target-year, depending upon the performance of the economy. The sectoral demands have also been investigated.

In this article, the author builds on previous work in the area of electricity restructuring to pay special attention to proposals to privatise the electricity sector in New South Wales, Australia. The privatisation initiative is assessed in the context of moving to a low carbon economy under an emissions trading scheme. The economic, environmental and social implications of privatisation are considered in the context of key reports to the New South Wales and Commonwealth governments on the electricity sector’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and energy security.


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Question: Teaching Robotics Software With the Open Hardware Mobile Manipulator

The open hardware mobile manipulator (OHMM) is a new open platform with a unique combination of features for teaching robotics software and algorithms. On-board low- and high-level processors support real-time embedded programming and motor control, as well as higher-level coding with contemporary libraries. Full hardware designs and software source codes are available under free licenses enabling the community to adapt and update the design as the field (and available hardware) evolves. Digital manufacturing (3-D printing and laser cutting) methods, now available as low-cost Internet services, enable OHMM to be easily modified and to be built from scratch for a competitive price. Five hands-on curriculum modules are presented that use OHMM to teach robotics software and algorithms at the undergraduate and graduate levels, and results are presented based on student performance and feedback.

This chapter contains sections titled: Information and its Symbols Codes for the Computer Channels of Communication Babbage and the Computer Babbage and the Countess The Route to the Electronic Computer Colossus Versus Enigma??-??the Code War ENIAC Time and Progress Computer Capabilities What Computers Do Programmers and Computer Languages The Microprocessor Signal Conversion Games People Play Computers and the Human Mind For Further Reading


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Question: Pitzer Parameters of Potassium Tetraborate in Aqueous Solution at 298.15K

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Thermodynamic properties of borates are important because its particular behavior.The Pitzer's single electrolyte parameters with respect to various polyborate anions for potassium tetraborate based on osmotic coefficients data in literatures are given in this report.The osmotic coefficients calculated with the parameters using the Pitzer's model have been compared with the experimental data.

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3 Introduction 4 Objectives and Overview 4 Governing Equations 6 Mass Balance Equations 6 Momentum Balance Equation 7 Energy Balance Equations 8 Boundary and Initial Conditions 8 Phase Change of Water 9 Acrylamide Formation 9 Input Parameters 11 Model Validation 12 Model Results 13 Acrylamide Content 14 Potato Frying in Space (70kPa) 15 Conclusion 15 Future Work 15 Appendix: Figures 17 Bibliography 25


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Question: Modeling and suppression of transmitter leakage in concurrent dual-band transceivers with carrier aggregation

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In this paper, a dual-basis envelope-dependent sideband distortion model is proposed to characterize the distortion induced by transmitter leakage in concurrent dual-band transceivers. It is constructed by first generating a nonlinear basis function that maps the inputs to the target frequency band where the distortion is to be cancelled, and then weighting it with envelope-dependent nonlinearities. Experimental results demonstrated that excellent cancellation performance can be achieved with very low implementation complexity by employing the proposed model.

We propose a novel all-optical structure of phase lock loop for locking two semiconductor lasers with a stable microwave offset for use in phased-array antenna systems.


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Question: The Role of Vaporization in High Percentage Oil Recovery by Pressure Maintenance

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Gas cycling is generally considered a much less efficient oil-recovery mechanism than waterflooding. However, recoveries from some fields have been exceptionally high as a result of gas cycling. Recovery from the Pickton Field, for example, was calculated to be 73.5% of the stock-tank oil originally in place. In evaluating pressure maintenace projects, determining how much of the recovery is due to displacement by gas, and determining how much is due to vaporization of the immobile oil in the flow path of the cylced gas is very difficult. Even though most of the oil is recovered by displacement, the success of a project may depend on the amount of oil vaporized.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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The query could be '['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Anonymous, Secure and Fair Micropayment System to Access Location-Based Services']' and should be close to '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Some Internet service providers establish a fare for each access to the service. Micropayments are useful for the payment of low value services. One kind of service that can be benefited from the micropayment is the group of services based on location. Brand new mobile devices are capable to access data networks and also they can execute complex applications. Furthermore, these devices implement location systems like GPS. The combination of both capabilities can be useful to build new ubiquitous applications based on user location. These applications provide valuable information related to their location to the customers of the service.']' but very far from '['Represent this text', 'Engaging Customers for More Profitable Business with ARC: a Business Model Creation of Outsourced CRM for Better Customer Centric Brand - Outsourced, Customer Relationship Management, Retail Industries']'

Question: Colonial Affairs Bowles Burroughs And Chester Write Tangier

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TIM WAGONER & BILL BLUE YOUNDER - Make It Rain – Blues Rock Rockin' Blues – BluesMen Channel


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Question: Error detection performance in a proportion estimation task

This study established some baseline data in an error detection task involving proportion estimation. Stimuli consisted of a standard random arrangement of 100 “+” signs with a variable number of + signs circled. With each stimulus presentation, Ss attempted to detect an error or difference between the actual number of + signs circled and a numerical estimate provided with the presentation. The detection data were utilized to calculate differential thresholds for error detection. Performance was superior with proportions less than 50%. Ss detected negative errors, i.e., when the numerical estimate provided was less than the actual number of + signs circled, better than positive errors.

The usefulness of quantifying a human subject's tracking performance by means of a temporal correlation technique has been investigated using a pursuit tracking device.


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Question: The construction and testing of a simple, slow delivery-rapid quench apparatus.

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A simple, inexpensive, slow delivery-rapid quench apparatus is described. The apparatus can be used to mix small volumes (about 50 mul) of equilibrium mixtures of enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes with a quenching solution, ideally to inactivate the enzyme more rapidly than such complexes can be inconverted. The efficiency of the apparatus is tested by (a) injecting basic solutions of an indicator dye into acid and observing the length of the unbleached plume of dye produced at the delivery tip and (b) by forming an enzyme-substrate complex with 32P-labeled phosphoglucomutase and measuring the extent of label transfer prior to inactivation by the quenching solution. Problems that may be encountered in attempts to inactivate equilibrium mixtures of enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes without producing quenching artifacts are considered.

Describes the design and operation of a simple high-resolution differential thermal analysis unit.


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Question: Victim Kaleidoscopes: A Dynamic Pattern with Serious Harms

This chapter looks at the dynamics, manifestations and effects of violence against women in the home from the victim's point of view, and then studies the ways in which cultural attitudes towards domestic violence combine with the legal and criminal response to trivialize the problem. This failure to address the problem leads to the further transmission of domestic violence through the generational cycle.

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Preface Action: Problem, Concepts, Explanation, Methods, and Theory Research Procedures for Using Action Theory in Applied Research Action Theory Research Application of Action Theory: Research Reports Empowerment, Praxis, and Action Theory in Health Promotion Research by Judith M. Lynam and Richard A. Young The Reasoning of Parents and Children in Conversation about Marital Transitions by Deanna Bader and Richard A. Young Attempted Suicide Stories: Suicide Career, Suicide Project, and Suicide Action by Ladislav Valach, et al. Action Theoretical Perspective in Rehabilitation by Ladislav Valach and Jaye Wald Conclusion Reference Appendix: The Family Health Promotion Project Research Manual


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Question: Distribution of Functionality and Levels of Functionality as a Solution to the CONOPS Problem.

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Abstract : This document is the final report to study the distribution of functionality within a distributed system so as to provide the system with graceful degradation. In addition, overall system capabilities were studied in an effort to describe system performance as system resources were alleviated due to failure.

Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: Characterizing Extravascular Neutrophil Migration In Vivo in the Iris

Extravascular neutrophil migration is poorly characterized in vivo. To test the hypothesis that this migration is a non-random process, we used videomicroscopy to monitor neutrophils in irises of living mice with endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Paths of individual cells were analyzed. Nearly all of these cells were moving in divergent directions, and mean displacement plots indicated that the predominant movement was random. The paths of some cells were fit to bivariate autoregressive integrated moving average models that revealed at least two modes of movement: random search and linear trend. Cell speed was significantly reduced by the actin inhibitor, cytochalasin D. The pattern of migration for neutrophils is in marked contrast to what we previously described for antigen-presenting cells in the iris, but somewhat resembles recent descriptions for T cells within a lymph node. Characterization of extravascular migration of neutrophils has important implications for understanding infection and immunity.

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Biomimetic Systems: Concepts, Design, and Emulation, Robert J. Fisher Transport/Reaction Processes in Biology and Medicine, E. N. Lightfoot Microvascular Heat Transfer, James W. Baish Fluid Dynamics for Bio Systems: Fundamentals and Model Analysis, Robert A. Peattie and Robert J. Fisher Animal Surrogate Systems, Michael L. Shuler, Sarina G. Harris, Xinran Li, and Mandy B. Esch Arterial Wall Mass Transport: The Possible Role of Blood Phase Resistance in the Localization of Arterial Disease, John M. Tarbell and Yuchen Qiu Transport Phenomena and the Microenvironment, Robert J. Fisher and Robert A. Peattie Transport and Drug Delivery through the Blood-Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid, Bingmei M. Fu Interstitial Transport in the Brain: Principles for Local Drug Delivery, W. Mark Saltzman Surfactant Transport and Fluid-Structure Interactions during Pulmonary Airway Reopening, David Martin, Anne-Marie Jacob, and Donald P. Gaver III Index


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Question: Virtual Vouchers: Prototyping a Mobile Augmented Reality User Interface for Botanical Species Identification

the tools that botanists require for field-work must evolve and take on new forms. Of particular importance is the ability to identify existing and new species in the field. Mobile augmented reality systems can make it possible to access, view, and inspect a large database of virtual species examples side-by-side with physical specimens. In this paper, we present prototypes of a mobile augmented reality electronic field guide and techniques for displaying and inspecting computer vision-based visual search results in the form of virtual vouchers. Our work addresses head-movement controlled augmented reality for hands-free interaction and tangible augmented reality. We describe results from our design and investigation process and discuss observations and feedback from lab trials by botanists.

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Contents: The Information Society - The Digital Divide - The Digital Practice Perspective - The Digital Practice of Weak Tie Development - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Family Ties via Mobile Phone - The Digital Practice of Maintaining Digital Enclaves - The Digital Practice Perspective and Social Policy: Improving the Social, Cultural, and Civic Quality of the Digital Environment - Conclusion: Smart Mobs, Flash Mobs, Flash Robs and the Revolutionary Potential of the Digital Environment.


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Question: STUDIES ON PYRAZINE DERIVATIVES. XL. SYNTHESIS, REACTIVITY, AND TUBERCULOSTATIC ACTIVITY OF 4-HYDROXYALKYL-5-PYRAZINYL4H-[1,2,4]-TRIAZOLE-3-THIONES

In the reactions of pirazinoyldithiocarbazoic acid monoester with aminoalcohols, 4-hydroxyalkyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones were obtained. Their susceptibility to alkylation, as well as the condensed heterocyclic 1,3-thiazacycloalkyl[3,2-b]-1,2,4-thiazoles 1 formation ability, were examined. Some of the compounds obtained were tested for their tuberculostatic activity.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


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Question: Treatment of woman abundant breast from liver and kidney

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Given ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The traditional input-output table of the coal enterprise,which would better explain the technical and economic relationships between the various departments,can not reflect large quantities of waste generated in the production process,and the environmental damage.The paper adds pollution emission and control into the input-output table,and build the green input-output model of large coal mining company,which can green input-output model of the enterprise system to support the establishment of the coal mine.'], a positive would be ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'A Study on Green Input-output Model of Large Coal Enterprise']

The breasts have developed too small or flat in women,s youth development period,called small breast disease.Its etiology and pathogenesis is complex and multiterminal,but ‘kidney qi deficiency’ is the major cause of the initiating,‘liver collaterals impeded’ is the key to its pathogenesis.In the paper we discussed that ‘kidney qi deficiency’ and ‘liver collaterals impeded’ was important etiology and pathogenesis of the small breast disease,and tried to elaborate the importance of ‘regulating liver and tonifying kidney’ in abundant breast treatment.

pHGF from fresh suckling pig liver or breast-feeding in fresh new liver after the extraction and purification of small molecules from the peptide active substances. Clinical commonly used in a variety of adjuvant treatment of severe viral hepatitis, adverse reactions rare, rare cause anaphylactic shock, I will now use the hospital in 2007 pHGF of one case of anaphylactic shock following report.


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Question: The Use of BS7799 Information Security Standard to Construct Mechanisms for the Management of Medical Organization Information Security

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According to surveys, 80 % of security related events threatening information in medical organizations is due to improper management. Most research on information security has focused on information and security technology, such as network security and access control; rarely addressing issues at the management issues. The main purpose of this study is to construct a BS7799 based mechanism for the management of information with regard to security as it applies to medical organizations. This study analyzes and identifies the most common events related to information security in medical organizations and categorizes these events as high-risk, transferable-risk, and controlled-risk to facilitate the management of such risk.

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"['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', '1DB713A9A7CE4901PQ/1?accountid=11225 Irvine, J. (2003). Educating teachers for diversity: Seeing with a cultural eye. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'The Obama Effect on African American High School Males']"

How to Think About R&D Quality. Organizing for Quality in R&D. Measuring R&D Quality. Assessing R&D Quality Status. Intellectual Property Management Process Improvement. Implementing Quality in Research: A Case Example. Views and Lessons Learned at the Top. References. Index.