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Question: Timescales of relativistic electron enhancements in the slot region

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[1] We present two event studies of significant enhancements of relativistic electron flux in the slot region of Earth's radiation belts during storms, using electron measurements from the Akebono spacecraft at high altitudes and NOAA 15, 16, 17, and 18 at low altitudes. These flux enhancements take place during the main phase of storms, and occur rapidly on timescales of less than 60 min. In association with storm time substorms, the magnetic field at geosynchronous altitude becomes highly stretched, intensifies, and then returns to a more dipolar configuration. The flux enhancements in the slot region are likely associated with these large changes in the nightside magnetic field configuration. The observations imply that rapid particle acceleration and/or transport processes operate in the inner (L < 3) magnetosphere in association with large substorms during the main phase of a storm.

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We study kinetic excitation mechanisms for high-frequency dispersive Alfven waves in the solar corona, solar wind, and Earth’s magnetosphere. The ion-cyclotron and Cherenkov kinetic effects are important for these waves which we call the ion-cyclotron kinetic Alfven waves (ICKAWs). Ion beams, anisotropic particles distributions and currents provide free energy for the excitation of ICKAWs in space plasmas. As particular examples we consider ICKAW instabilities in the coronal magnetic reconnection events, in the fast solar wind, and in the Earth’s magnetopause. Energy conversion and transport initiated by ICKAW instabilities is significant for the whole dynamics of Sun-Earth connection chain, and observations of ICKAW activity could provide a diagnostic/predictive tool in the space environment research.


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Question: A novel controller design approach based on delay random distribution for networked control systems

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['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is used to measure quantitatively the thickness of thin (6–160 A) polyperfluoroether films on silicon and gold surfaces. Linear relationship between ellipsometrically measured thicknesses and integrated SIMS signals is demonstrated. Time dependence of SIMS signals indicates that the polymeric films have a uniform thickness down to the thinnest layers studied. In the lower limit, the fluorocarbon polymers have extended, flat conformation due to polymer-substrate interactions. Sputtering yield and effective sputtering depth of oxygen ions are determined for these liquid polymers. It is also shown that organic adsorbates reside between the solid surface and the low surface tension fluorocarbon films.'] == ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Quantitative secondary ion mass spectrometry of fluorocarbon polymers']

According to the different random distribution characteristics of sensor to controller delay and controller to actuator delay in the networked control system, an asymptotically stable controller design approach is proposed for the nonlinear networked control systems by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method. By introducing delay random distribution characteristics to controller design for the networked control systems, the conservatism of the designed controller has been reduced obviously. Simulation and experiment results have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'We propose a fundamentally new method of heterodyne detection of FIR signals using quantum interference between one- and two-photon absorption. We suggest different implementations of the scheme using multiple QW detectors and evaluate its sensitivity.']" should be close to "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Heterodyning scheme employing quantum interference']"

A backstepping nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control with the extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the uncertain factors of nonlinear spinning missile. Based on Lyapunov stability...


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Question: Synthesis of wideband antenna patterns from narrowband measurements

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Although many antennas are designed to operate with wide instantaneous bandwidths, it is often impractical to measure antenna patterns over wide instantaneous bandwidths. Primarily this is due to limitations in the measurement range. A feasible approach to overcoming this problem is to measure a number of single-frequency antenna patterns and synthesize the wideband antenna pattern from these components. This paper describes a simple approach to this synthesis, derives a rule of thumb for the required number of component antenna patterns as a function of several antenna parameters, and shows the results of simulated wideband antenna pattern synthesis.

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Recently, genetic algorithm/method of moments (GA/MoM) technique has been used as an efficient optimization tool for many antenna design problems. In this paper, a GA/MoM code is developed and used for compressing the size of the wideband log-periodic dipole array (LPDA). The numerical simulations prove that the optimized LPDA with compressed dimensions has nearly the same characteristics of the previously published designs. The optimized LPDA is then applied to a Cantor fractal array design and a multiband behavior is obtained successfully.


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Provided: ['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Combining surface-wave phase-velocity dispersion curves and full microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio for subsurface sedimentary site characterization'] Match: ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title:', 'AbstractWe compute seismic velocity profiles by a combined inversion of surface-wave phase-velocity dispersion curves together with the full spectrum of the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio at two sediment-covered sites in Germany. The sediment deposits are approximately 100 m thick at the first test site and approximately 400 m thick at the second test site. We have used an extended physical model based on the diffuse wavefield assumption for the interpretation of the observed microtremor H/V spectral ratio. The extension includes the interpretation of the microtremor H/V spectral ratio observed at depth (in boreholes). This full-wavefield approach accounts for the energy contribution from the body and surface waves, and thus it allows for inverting the properties of the shallow subsurface. We have obtained the multimode phase velocity dispersion curves from an independent study, and a description of the extracted branches and their interpretation was developed. The inversion resul...'] Hard Negative: ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract To determine the lateral and vertical variations in crustal structure and their influence on the seismicity of the Western North China Craton, the Trans-North China Orogen, and the surrounding regions, the wavelet multi-scale structures, Moho depth, crustal density structures, and isostatic state are modelled using Bouguer gravity anomaly data, topography, and earthquake focal mechanisms. We obtained homogeneous crustal densities and deviations of']

Question: Modeling of fluctuations for the field electron emission current density

This work considers the problem of modeling of current density fluctuations in conditions of field electron emission. The transmission coefficient of the potential barrier at the emitter surface is calculated with the Runge—Kutta—Nystrom method of 12-th order with Dormand—Prince coefficients. The electron supply function is corresponded to metal cathode with tungsten parameters under normal conditions. The emission current density is obtained through the Monte Carlo integration of the external electron distribution. The Shapiro—Wilk normality test for a random current density values is performed. Estimations and confidence intervals for the mean and standard deviation are presented. The dependence of the emission signal noise from the nodes number in a random quadrature formula is constructed.

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Discharge parameters have close correlation to charge voltage and electrode speed. At 800 V correlations coefficient appear extreme values, implying transition threshold point to avalanche process from surface process. An attempt is made for mechanism analysis of the threshold phenomenon shown in electrostatic discharge (ESD) through handheld metal piece from charged human body.


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Question: Research on Intrinsic Safety Behavior of Inductor-Disconnected-Discharge of Boost DC-DC Converters

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Inductor-Disconnected-Discharge (IDD) behavior of the Boost Converter is analyzed, an Equivalent-Resistance-Analysis Method (ERAM) is proposed, which can convert the IDD behavior of the Boost Converter into that of an equivalent Simple-Inductive-Circuit (SIC). According to the energy equivalence, the equivalent inductor-current of the equivalent SIC is obtained. It is indicated that the Equivalent Inductor-Current (EIC) is much more than the maximal inductor-current of the Boost converter, the ignition in the case of IDD may occurs even if the inductor-current of the Boost converter is much lower than that of the SIC, furthermore, the EIC is strengthened with increase of the output capacitance. The proposed analysis method is verified by experiment results.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Dipole Basic Characteristics Partial Sleeve, PIFA, and Patch Loops Dielectric Resonator Antennas References


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Question: A Study of the Impact of Worship Centres on Residential Property in Uyo, Nigeria

This study examined the impact of worship centers on residential property in Uyo metropolis. There was a selection of four neighborhoods, where churches were nearby, for the study. There was also a selection of ten (10) buildings in each of the identified areas for the analysis. There was a collection of data on the rental value, distance in meters to the workshop centers, number of rooms, number of toilets, access, and condition of the properties. A multi-regression analysis was used to analyze the gathered data. The study found that distance to church negatively impacted on rental values in neighborhoods 1,2 and four which were all medium density areas and positively in neighborhood 3 (high-density neighborhood). The findings include that the number of rooms and number of toilets exerted the most significant impact on the rental value. It is the suggestion of the study that planners should consider the adequate spacing of worship centers to reduce their accumulative effect.

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The Architecture of Empowerment: A Survey. ESSAYS. The New Landscape. Convergence, Marginalisation and Inequality: Directions for the Urban Future. Architecture to Change the World? CASE STUDIES. Redeeming the Legacy of the Past. Revitalising the City Centre. Reaching the Poorest: The Rural World. Reaching the Poorest: The Urban World. Upgrading the Slums and Densification. Building New Settlements. Creating Communities. Managing the Urban Environment. Micro-Finance: Reaching the Poorest. Epilogue. Bibliography. Photo Credits and Contributors.


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Question: Comment on “Optimal selling price and energy procurement strategies for a retailer in an electricity market” by A.R. Hatami et al. [Electric Power Syst. Res. 79 (2009) 246–254]

Abstract This paper discusses the optimal selling price and energy procurement strategies for a retailer in an electricity market [Electric Power Syst. Res. 79 (2009) 246–254] while the optimal strategy of a retailer over a time period is presented to decide on the optimal energy purchase portfolio from several sources. The risk is assessed using linearized Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) while CVaR is considered with the coherency properties (translation invariance, sub additivity, positive homogeneity and monotonicity). Indeed, CVaR lacks the monotonicity property. Therefore, this paper intends to prove this issue.

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Abstract We detail numerical corrections for the paper “Scaling properties of the Baxter–Wu model”, Velonakis, I.N., Martinos, S.S., Physica A, 390 (2011) 3369–3384.


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Question: Operation Support System Using Dynamic Simulation for a Combined Batch/Continuous Plant

Abstract Operation of a combined batch/continuous plant generates difficult problems because both discrete and continuous dynamics must be considered in plant operation decision making. In resolving these problems, a dynamic simulator which predicts plant-wide states is useful. This paper illustrates an operation support system with operational guidance derived from the model predictive control concept This system was implemented in an actual plant, yielding considerable productivity increase and continuous unit stability

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Situs Inversus Totalis Associated With a Colonic Cancer -A Case Report-

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A rare case of situs inversus totalis associated with a colonic cancer is reported. A 73-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of general fatigue and severe anemia. Abdominal ultrasonography and chest X-P revealed dextrocardia. Double contrast barium enema study and colonoscopy revealed an advanced cancer in the descending colon. The patient was operated on after his general condition was improved by conservative therapy. Upon operation the left-right reversal position in internal organs and a tumor in the descending colon were confirmed. Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital malformation, but it is no morbid importance. However it may present difficulty to perform an operation. This paper shows that this technique can be safely, speedy and effectively applied in the setting of situs inversus totalis, although attention must be paid to the details of the left-right reversal, anatomical assessment of the lesions, organs and vessels.

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Proposal For Development Of Artificial Oxygenators For Relief And Treatment Of Chronic Lung Diseases, 1977.


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Question: Canadian and American Treatment of the Nikkei, 1890–1949: A Comparison

For many Japanese people, the 49th parallel was only a line on a map, yet there were differences for the Japanese residents in the United States and Canada. The two nations had different concepts of citizenship and constitutions but, in what has been called “hemispheric orientalism,” prejudice knew no border. Both countries severely restricted immigration from Japan. In the United States, immigrants, the Issei, were aliens ineligible for citizenship. Thus, states could deny their access to commercial fishing and the right to own or lease land. Because the American constitution bestows full citizenship on the native-born, their American-born children, the Nisei, could vote and acquire land, but experienced discrimination especially in employment. On paper, the Canadian Issei had more civil rights since they could become naturalized but this provided few advantages apart from the rights to own land and to fish commercially. The Canadian Nisei had no more rights than their parents. In British Columbia, where...

In Perspectives in Mexican American Studies, Vol. 6, 1997, "Mexican Americans in the 1990s: Politics, Policies, and Perceptions".


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Question: Pars-plana fluid aspiration for positive vitreous cavity pressure in anterior segment surgeries

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Positive vitreous pressure due to misdirection of aqueous or choroidal effusion leads to shallowing of the anterior chamber (AC) before or during anterior segment surgeries. This shallow AC if not addressed makes surgery difficult and increases the risk of surgical complications. Methods to prevent and manage this condition described in literature are not without problems. We describe a minimally invasive technique of passing a 30G needle through the pars-plana to aspirate misdirected fluid from vitreous cavity either as a prophylaxis just before surgery or during it, thereby decreasing positive vitreous pressure. This technique, used in 12 eyes, seems to be effective in patients with angle-closure glaucoma, malignant glaucoma, and per-operative sudden increase in vitreous pressure during surgery. Small-incision surgeries are ideally suited for this procedure. This minimally invasive technique is simple to perform and complications are unlikely to be more than what is seen with intravitreal injections.

A retrospective analysis including data from a consecutive series of 1575 eyes shows that intravitreal placement of triamcinolone/moxifloxacin during cataract surgery is a safe and effective method for preventing inflammation, endophthalmitis, and cystoid macular edema.


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Question: Mouth gaping behavior in Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi

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Mouth gaping in sharks has been considered to be either a threat display or a response to sharksucker irritation, but has never been examined in greater detail. Another form of gaping was observed frequently around feeding scenarios, primarily when sharks swam away from the food source. This form of a yawn-like behavior of Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi, was videotaped during both standard feeding and non-feeding scenarios, and examined for both proximate causation and function. This type of gaping reflects a simulated bite process, including all bite phases, but differs from actual bites in that the duration is as great as 10 times longer, with the expansion phase disproportionally prolonged and a pause at the gape's peak. Of all the possible functions discussed, a maintenance behavior to reposition the jaw elements after feeding fits all of the measured parameters.

Background ::: In order to understand feeding ecology and habitat use of coral reef fish, fatty acid composition was examined in five coral reef fishes, Thalassoma lunare, Lutjanus lutjanus, Abudefduf bengalensis, Scarus rivulatus and Scolopsis affinis collected in the Bidong Island of Malaysian South China Sea.


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Question: Lightning protection system to the Indian satellite launch pad

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Any satellite launch mission forms a complex and expensive process. Intensive care and precautions are to be taken for a safe and successful launch. Also, the satellite launch system forms a tall structure standing on a plane terrain. As a result, a lightning strike rate to it becomes more probable. Therefore, extensive care needs to be taken in shielding the launch system against natural lightning. Lightning protection systems built with differing principles have been in use at different launch centers throughout the world. This paper describes the lightning protection system that has been installed at the SHAR Indian satellite launch center.

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This Paper summaries the value,the range and the effect of the wide spread application of the light weight steel building in Xinji Mine.


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Question: The Effects of Early and Late Scanning on Image Quality and Functional Parameters in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Materials and Methods:Timing of acquisition is a factor that may influence the subdiaphragmatic activity in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS). According to the instructions of tetrofosmin, scintigraphy may already be started 15 minutes postinjection. The aim of the present study was to compare

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1-2 Acknowledgements 3 Introduction 5-13 Overview of Sickle Cell Disease 5 Elevated Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity 7 Elevated TRV in Children With Sickle Cell Disease 9 Treatment of Elevated Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity 10 Pathogenesis and Study of Outcomes Associated with Elevated TRV 11 Sickle Cell Nephropathy 12 Elevated TRV and Proteinuria 13 Statement of Purpose, Specific Hypotheses and Specific Aims of the Thesis 14 Methods 15-19 Patient Population 15 Echocardiography 16 Study of the Natural History of TRV in Children with Sickle Cell Disease.........17 Study to Determine if Elevated TRV is Associated with Proteinuria 18 Results 20 Study 1. Natural History of TRV in Children with Sickle Cell Disease 20 Study 2. Is Elevated TRV Associated with Proteinuria? 25 Discussion 27-32 References 33-42 Appendix 1: Publication 43-46 Appendix 2: Comment on Publication 47-48


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Question: On the Specification of the Business and Economic Foundations of Electronic Commerce

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Using information modeling introduced in [KR94, K99], a specification framework and rationale of the business and economic foundations of E-Commerce is provided. A bifurcated approach to E-Commerce is undertaken. E-Commerce is partitioned into two subtypes: E-Macrocommerce (i.e., business-to-business electronic transactions) discussed in Part 1 and E-Microcommerce (i.e., business-to-consumer electronic transactions) discussed in Part 2. Our framework is founded on organizational theory, systems theory, classical economics, game theory, and business strategy. Further work is necessary in establishing the business and economic foundations of E-Commerce, but a core foundation employing business specifications, contracts, and game theory is established.

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Systems: Origin and Evolution, Terms and Concepts. Systems and Complexity. Systems and Measurement. Systems and Modeling: Diagrams and System Identification. Systems View of Management and Organizations. Systems Approach to 'Problem Solving'. Systems Theory in International Relations. Systems Models of Dynamic Processes. Quantitative Cybernetics. System and Model Decomposition. Systems Science: Making Sense of the Philosophical Issues. Index.


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For instance you may be given '['Represent the input', 'A perturbative approach toB decays into two π mesons']' and it should match with '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'The modified perturbative approach in which transverse degrees of freedom as well as Sudakov suppressions are taken into account, is applied toB decays into two π mesons. The influence of various model parameters (CKM) matrix elements,B decay constant, mesonic wave functions) on the results as well as short distance corrections to the weak Hamiltonian are discussed in some detail. The perturbative contributions to theB decays yield branching ratios of the order of 10−7–10−6 which values are well below the upper limit for the\\(\\bar B^0 \\to \\pi ^ + \\pi ^ -\\) branching ratio as measured by CLEO.']' but not with '['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Heavy quark decays are an excellent laboratory to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The LHCb detector is specially design to measure CP violation parameters and rare decays processes involving decays containing b– or c– quarks. In this paper, recent LHCb measurements concerning CP violation parameters in the BS0 and charm sector, as well as measurements of rare b→sl+l− transitions, are presented.']'.

Question: Enhancing optical-feedback-induced chaotic dynamics in semiconductor ring lasers via optical injection

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In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using optical injection to efficiently suppress the time-delay (TD) signatures of chaotic signals in a large experimentally accessible parameter range of semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs). We also study how this optical injection can improve the signal bandwidths. The injection signal is obtained from a master SRL with either optical self- or cross-feedback. For optical self-feedback configurations, it is found that the suppression of TD signatures is similar to what has been found in injected Fabry–Perot semiconductor lasers, i.e., narrow range of parameters with respect to the detuning and injection strengths. For cross-feedback configurations, however, the TD signatures can be suppressed in a wide range of parameters; meanwhile, the bandwidths are significantly improved for the same range of parameters. This is particularly useful for the security in chaos-based communications and also for generating random bits with improved properties.

Results of a theoretical investigation of the plasmon-polaritons formed by the interaction of two-dimensional plasmons in a planar Bragg microresonator with guided modes of a dielectric substrate slab are presented. The dispersion and attenuation of guided plasmons are calculated. It is concluded that guided plasmon-polaritons may be used in the development of controllable guided-wave THz frequency filters and modulators based on GaAs heterostructures.


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Question: First-passage probability analysis of Wiener process using different methods and its applications in the evaluation of structural durability degradation

AbstractThe first-passage probabilities in stochastic processes are important for the evaluation of structural reliability. In this work, Wiener process’s first-passage probability was analysed usi...

In this paper the authors have compared the performance of coupled linear and non-linear methods of solution from these generic types, in order to assess their suitability for use in optimisation of sediment routing parameters.


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Question: Reactivity of decafluorobenzophenone and decafluoroazobenzene towards aromatic diamines: a practical entry to donor–acceptor systems

A series of Donor–Acceptor–Donor (D–A–D) and Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor (A–D–A) compounds have been prepared exploiting the relative ability of polyfluorinated azobenzenes and benzophenone to undergo aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions with aromatic amines. A high para-regioselectivity is obtained when fluorene and carbazole-based diamines have been used in a high Donor Number solvent environment such as DMSO. The prepared triads have been employed in the synthesis of oligomers with the aim of evaluating them as photovoltaic material additives in optoelectronic applications.

Abstract A series of fulvalene ylides was synthesised. Only weak aromatic effects were found across the ylide bond. Their chemistry includes the first example of a dichotomy in phosphonium salt/ylide hydrolysis, interesting dynamic nmrs of the adducts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and a new synthesis of azulenes.


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Question: Synthesis and characterization of mesostructured ceria-zirconia solid solution

Mesostructured Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solutions were synthesized by coprecipitation combined with evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 sorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results showed that the solid solutions consisted of uniform nanocrystals, which piled homogeneous mesopores of about 4 nm. Furthermore, different surfactants had little influence on the mesoporous structures. All these samples exhibited high thermal stability.

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Acrolein was formed as a major product in the partial oxidation of propane using molecular oxygen over Ag-doped bismuth vanadomolybdate catalysts having a scheelite structure.


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Question: Analog-to-digital converter with oxide thin-film transistors

ABSTRACTA three-bit flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) consisting of inverter-based comparators and logic gates using amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) was developed. The TFT has a bottom gate structure with a methyl-siloxane-based organic spin-on-glass passivation layer, which reduces the plasma damage on the active layer. A bootstrapped logic gate structure was used in the proposed ADC to overcome the reduced output swing in the inverters and the NAND gates caused by using only n-type a-IGZO TFTs. The output signals of the developed three-bit flash ADC with a-IGZO TFTs well matched the analog inputs. The output voltage swing was 0.2–3.6 V, well matching the simulation result. The three-bit flash ADC was verified up to the 1 kHz operation frequency, and thus can be used in sensor applications such as the wearable sensor display and the integrated biosensing platform.

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A 4-way set associative TagRAM with 1.189-Mb capacity has been developed which can handle a secondary cache system of up to 16 Mbytes. A 9-ns cycle operation and clock to D/sub out/ of 4.7 ns are achieved by use of circuit techniques such as a pipelined decoding scheme, a single PMOS load BiCMOS main decoder, a BiCMOS sense-amplifying comparator, doubly placed self-timed write circuits, and highly linear VCO for a PLL. The device is successfully implemented with 0.7-/spl mu/m double polysilicon double-metal BiCMOS technology. >


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Question: DC Servo System Friction Compensation Based on State Observer

A sliding mode control scheme based on state observer was proposed to eliminate the effect of nonlinear friction disturbances in DC servo systems;at the same time,the stabilization of the scheme was proved.A close-loop state observer on the state that is not measureable was developed in dynamic friction model.With the state observer,the dynamic friction torque was estimated on time.Moreover,the gain of the sliding mode controller was tuned by radial basis function network and the system chattering was attenuated.Simulation results show that the effect of nonlinear friction disturbances can be effectively compensated.The dynamic performance and static performance are improved.

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Fewshot example: "['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'This guide can assist with research in anthropology and related topics. Evaluate & use credible websites.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'LibGuides: Anthropology: Websites']"

Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: The microps group of Lutzomyia França with descriptions of two new species from South America (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Six species of phlebotomine sand flies in the genus Lutzomyia Franca from South America are included in the newly-created species group microps. References and illustrations of the species are given, including descriptions of two new forms - L. nematoducta n.sp., male and female from northern Brazil, and l. preclara n.sp. male from Colombia and Peru. The males in the species group microps are keyed.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title For example, ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Combined with the discrete mathematics teaching practice,after the provincial excellent courses of the discrete mathematics teaching website building a detailed needs analysis,design and implementation of teaching information distribution,rights management,online discussions,online tests,and other major module features teaching to improve the quality of education provided a good environment and technology platform.'] should be similar to ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'The Discrete Mathematics Course Teaching Website Design and Development']

Information about helminths of Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) are scarce; in this sense the objective of this paper was to contribute to its knowledge. Five hosts of southern Brazil were examined and the helminths Prosthogonimus ovatus, Tanaisia valida (Digenea), Diplotriaena bargusinica and Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (Nematoda) were identified. The species T. valida, P. ovatus and S. (D.) nasuta are for the first time registered for the bird in Brazil. Prosthogonimus ovatus, T. valida, D. bargusinica e S. (D.) nasuta are first recorded in M. bonariensis in the southern Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul.


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Question: The Earth Pressure Acting on the Retaining Wall near the Underground Structure

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In case that the distance between the underground structure and the retaining wall is narrow, the earth pressure acting on the retaining wall is regarded to be different from the theories of earth pressure suggested by Rankine, Coulomb, etc.. Therefore, some laboratory model tests were performed by changing the distance between the retaining wall and the underground structure. The results from this study are as follows: 1) When the distance between the retaining wall and the underground structure is narrow, it is assumed that wedge failure is developed from the hinge of the retaining wall to the ground surface. So, the wedge method is suggested in calculating the earth pressure acting on the retaining wall. 2) When calculating the active earth pressure of the retaining wall, the relationship between the basic ratio of the distance (S) and the reduction coefficient of internal friction angle is used.

Introduction Soil Properties and Lateral Earth Pressures Excavation Methods and Supporting System Lateral Earth Pressure Stability Analysis Stress and Deformation Analysis - Simplified Method Stress and Deformation Analysis - Beam on Elastic Foundation Method Stress and Deformation Analysis - Finite Element Method Dewatering of Excavations Design of Structural Components Excavation and Protection of Adjacent Buildings Monitoring System


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Question: Applications of MATLAB in Methods of Mathematical Physics

MATLAB is mathematical application software that spreads most quickly and produces great effect in recent years. Using MATLAB to solve the problems in Methods of Mathematical Physics not only make some tedious manual computations very simple but also show the solutions of mathematical physics equations and some special functions by the graph form which makes them more vivid,visual and easier to be understood. Taking some typical problems as examples,this article introduces the applications of MATLAB on the four aspects:complex variables functions,integral transformation,equations of mathematical physics and special functions.

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Abstract : Partial contents: Persistent ISR Study Objective, Persistence Defined, Modeling & Simulation, Measures of Effectiveness, Architecture Design Search, Summary.


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Question: The effect of fibrin sealant on the strength of tendon repair of full thickness tendon lacerations in the rabbit Achilles tendon.

The influence of fibrin sealant on healing was investigated in the suture of Achilles tendons of 24 rabbits. The Achilles tendon cut through was anastomosed with a 4-0 prolene suture alone in one group and fibrin sealant was applied to the cut surfaces of the tendon prior to suture repair in the second group. After 17 and 27 days, five animals in each group were sacrificed. The repaired Achilles tendons were retrieved and the tensile strength of the repaired tendons measured using an Instron. One rabbit in each group was sacrificed at 3 weeks and 6 weeks and the repaired tendons were harvested and fixed for histologic study. At 17 and 27 days there was no significant difference between the tensile strength of the control and fibrin sealant groups. Histologically there was no distinct difference of the repair process of the tendons between the two groups.

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Twenty-eight goats underwent ACL reconstruction with freeze-dried bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts in one knee, the opposite knee serving as a control. One group of 16 knees was evaluated, in groups of four, at 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks by histologic and vascular injection techniques. The other group of 12 knees was evaluated in two groups of six at 26 and 52 weeks by morpholog ical and biomechanical techniques of analysis. Within the first 12 weeks these allografts were revas cularized ; in the first 26 weeks they had matured to resemble normal connective tissue. Graft stiffness was 29% of the control value and maximum force to failure was 43% of the control value. The results of this study indicated that freeze-dried bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts are biomechani cally and biologically similar to patellar tendon auto- grafts.


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Question: Optical systems design used for laser smoothing in far field

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Laser smoothing technology is employed not only in near field but also in far field in order to make images of scenes ::: on the ground on the basis of echoes in systems such as 3-D imaging lidar. In this paper, the principle of ::: superposition after partition is described in detail. Two methods for laser smoothing are introduced, one of which is ::: lens array, capable of attaining a large area of uniform illumination in far-field, and the other one is birefringent ::: lenses, suitable to obtain a small area of uniform illumination in far-field. A comparison is made about the ::: performance characteristics of the two methods from different aspects. This provides a reference about how to ::: choose smoothing methods to achieve uniform irradiation.

Additonal data of the ebook: Practical guide for biospeckle laser in biosystems - Data set of a maize seed illuminated by a laser


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Question: Closed-loop control of an experimental mixing layer using machine learning control

A novel framework for closed-loop control of turbulent flows is tested in an experimental mixing layer flow. This framework, called Machine Learning Control (MLC), provides a model-free method of searching for the best function, to be used as a control law in closed-loop flow control. MLC is based on genetic programming, a function optimization method of machine learning. In this article, MLC is benchmarked against classical open-loop actuation of the mixing layer. Results show that this method is capable of producing sensor-based control laws which can rival or surpass the best open-loop forcing, and be robust to changing flow conditions. Additionally, MLC can detect non-linear mechanisms present in the controlled plant, and exploit them to find a better type of actuation than the best periodic forcing.

CORRIGENDUM: Wireless control and selection of forces and torques - towards wireless engines


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Question: Terminal for an insulated electrical conductor

In order to provide a connecting terminal for an electrical conductor, by which a reliable contact is ensured, a terminal (1) for an insulated electrical conductor (5) is proposed, wherein the terminal (1): - a clamping screw (15) having a combined cutting and contact element (25) for cutting through the insulation (7) of the conductor (5) during a rotational movement of the clamping screw (15) and for contacting the conductor (5); and - one with the clamping screw (15) cooperating pressure member (16) having a combined cutting and contact element (39) for cutting through the insulation (7) of the conductor (5) during a rotational movement of the pressure piece (16) and for contacting the conductor (5 ) having. The terminal is characterized in that the pressure piece (16) in such a manner in a clamping housing (2), is guided that an impingement of the pressure piece (16) by the clamping screw (15) causes a rotation of the pressure piece (16).

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Device and method of filling the tank of a wind turbine lubrication. Device for tank filling lubrication powertrain wind turbine installation through a hatch in the wind turbine nacelle and comprising at least a metal structure that houses inside the tank manufacturer and method tank filler lubricating power train of the wind turbine using said device.


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Question: Morphology maps of blends of a linear polyethylene with ethylene-co-4-methyl pentene-1 copolymers

Abstract A linear polyethylene (LPE) has been blended with each of three ethylene-co-4-methyl pentene-1 (E4MP1) copolymer fractions of differing branch content (2.0, 4.3, and 6.1 mol% 4-methyl pentene-1). These copolymers have Y-shaped branches, each containing four carbon atoms. The blends were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) following experimental procedures that have been extensively used to investigate blends of LPEs with copolymers with alkane (linear) branches. When the copolymer is lightly branched, LPE/E-4MPl copolymer blend systems give, to a first approximation, morphology maps similar to those found for linear/branched polyethylene systems in which the branched polyethylene has linear alkane branches. Single morphologies are found for high LPE contents, but there are double morphologies (regions of thick crystals well separated in a matrix of thin crystals) at low LPE contents after quenching from within a restricted temperature r...

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Abstract The preparation and properties of cyclohept-2-enone and cycloheptane-1,3-dione are described.


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Question: On double reductions from symmetries and conservation laws for a damped Boussinesq equation

Abstract In this work, we study a Boussinesq equation with a strong damping term from the point of view of the Lie theory. We derive the classical Lie symmetries admitted by the equation as well as the reduced ordinary differential equations. Some nontrivial conservation laws are derived by using the multipliers method. Taking into account the relationship between symmetries and conservation laws and applying the double reduction method, we obtain a direct reduction of order of the ordinary differential equations and in particular a kink solution.

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In this paper, we study the approximation and existence of vacuum states in the multiscale gas flows governed by the Cauchy problem of compressible Euler equations containing a small parameter $\et...


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Question: Legal pluralism - the investor's view

The research in legal pluralism has traditionally focused on customary law. As a general theory, however, it lends itself to any normative area, irrespective of territory and content. Hence legal pluralism could also be a useful tool when engaging in complex projects such as investments in the exploration and exploitation of resources which affect the population in the area concerned. Moreover, legal pluralism helps to explain phenomena such as 'soft law' (eg in mergers and acquisitions) and the development of the lex mercatoria. This article explores the above by examining the Hydrocarbon Code of Morocco and selected rules from the social field of international commerce.

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Analysis of the legal basis and jurisprudence on publicity rights, right of persona and the commercial right of one's image in Belgium


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Question: Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Flow Around a Space Plane II Application to High Angles of Attack Flow

a Flux-split upwind TVD scheme has been applied to the hypersonic flow around a space plane proposed by National Aerospace laboratory (NAL). Thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations in a finite volume formulation are solved by using an implicit approximately factored ADI algorithm. Numerical computations are performed for a Mach number of 7.0 and Reynolds number of 4.4×10(exp 6) at angles of attack up to 50 degrees. Numerical results are compared with experimental data obtained from the hypersonic wind tunnel tests st NAL. Through these comparisons, it is demonstrated that the present TVD Navier-Stokes code has excellent capabilities for evaluating total aerodynamic performance and investigating aerodynamic heating, which are of great significance in the design of a space plane configuration.

Design of an Isolated Airfoil in an Ideal Incompressible Fluid. Account of Compressibility and Viscosity. Airfoil Design for a Given Range of Angels of Attack. Design of Mechanized Airfoils and Airfoils with Permeable Contour. Design Problems for Airfoils with Partially Given Contour. Airfoil Cascade Design. Aerohydrodynamically Reasonable Velocity Distributions. Regularization and Optimization in Inverse Boundary Value Problems of Hydrodynamics.


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Question: Application of the ANFIS strategy to estimate vaporization enthalpies of petroleum fractions and pure hydrocarbons

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to utilize the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to estimate the vaporization enthalpy of petroleum fractions and pure hydrocarbons. This tool predicts the vaporization enthalpy as function of the specific gravity, molecular weight, and boiling point temperature based on 122 data gathered from the previous published literatures. Moreover, a comparison was carried out between the present model and some popular models. Results from the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model showed its better predictive capability compared to previous models. The obtained values of root mean square error and R2 were 0.588 and 0.9934, respectively. This tool is simple to apply and can be of massive evaluation for petroleum engineers to have a great approximation of vaporization enthalpy of pure hydrocarbons hydrocarbon fractions.

AbstractA method using normal phase high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of olefins and diolefins in cracked petroleum samples is proposed and validated in this work. A silver-im...


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Question: Sulfide precipitation flotation for treatment of acidic mine waste water

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"['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Highly-charged uranium ions with a dominant nickel-like component (U{sup 64+}) were produced using the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) with an electron bombardment energy of 7.4 keV. A comparison of the measured n=4 to n=3 x-ray transition spectra with calculations for U{sup 64+} gave excellent qualitative agreement. The low-energy region of the 4-3 spectrum for the Ni-like ions was characterized by a strong electric quadrupole 4s-3d transition, about as large as the leading dipole 4f-3d transition, which tagged the abundance of U{sup 64+} ions. High resolution spectroscopy was used to measure 4f-3d transition energies for ten charge states: U{sup 60+}-U{sup 69+} excited by 6.4-8.9 keV electrons. The ionization balance for 8.9 keV electron excitation was mostly from five charge states: U{sup 64+}-U{sup 68+} in qualitative agreement with a separate analysis of extracted ions. 16 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.']" == "['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Ion trap measurement of U sup 64+ x-ray transition spectra']"

Sulfide precipitation flotation of copper iron bearing acidic waste water from a large copper mine and the stimulated waste water were studied. The pH of the waste water was 2.2, with 130 mg/L Cu 2+ and 500 mg/L Fe 3+ (Fe 2+ ). Results show that, when Na 2S was added as precipitating agent, sodium butylxanthate as collector and at pH 2.0, the removal of copper could be as high as 99.7% and the residual copper decreased to 0.2 mg/L, however, almost no iron was removed. When the floated solution was neutralized to pH=8.0, more than 98% iron was precipitated and the residual iron was less than 10 mg/L. In experiment on actual mine effluents, after the use of precipitate flotation technology to recover copper and pH neutralization to precipitate iron, the treated waste water does meet the emission standards for sewage and valuable floating copper graded 37.12%. The chemical calculation and mechanism of solution were also presented.

Abstract In the hydrometallurgical production of zinc through the conventional ‘roast- leach-electro win’ process, zinc ferrite is formed together with zinc oxide during roasting of zinc sulphide concentrate. This ferrite is not leached under normal conditions and separates out as residue. Zinc from this residue is recovered in high-temperature acid leaching, which yields a zinc sulphate solution containing high levels of iron. This imposes process constraints, because of high iron level, on recycling the solution to the neutral leaching stage. Investigations into the control of iron levels in residue leach solution by optimizing acidity with zinc hydroxide-gypsum cake are presented in this paper. The plant implementation of this work is also illustrated.


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Question: Comparison of Lattice Form Based and Direct Form Based Complex Adaptive Notch Filter

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In this paper we present a comparison of the tracking characteristics of Lattice based complex adaptive IIR notch filter (L-CANF) using new adaptive algorithm and Direct from based complex adaptive notch IIR notch filter (D-CANF) using simplified gradient descent adaptive algorithm for different step size parameters. Three cases are investigated, i.e., linear chirp, quadratic chirp and randomly-hoping frequency input complex signals buried complex zero mean white Gaussian noise. Computer simulations shows the better tracking performance of L-CANF based on new adaptive algorithm over D-CANF based on simplified gradient descent algorithm.

Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: Effects of Meta-cognitive Monitoring on College Students' Ability of English Autonomous Learning

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Meta-cognition is about the cognition of cognition with the meta-cognitive monitoring as its core,which involves the ability of using meta-cognitive knowledge to plan,monitor and evaluate the learning process.The authors hereby first analyze the present state of English learning of college students and theoretical basis of meta-cognitive monitoring in the development of college students' autonomous learning ability,and then from the classroom experiment illustrate that meta-cognitive training into college English teaching can lead students to monitor the learning process and adjust the learning strategies,which can arouse students' awareness of autonomous learning,develop the corresponding ability and improve their ability to use language effectively.

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Introduction 1. Rhetorics of the Science Classroom: A Multimodal Approach 2. Multimodality 3. Analysing Action in the Science Classroom 4. Shapes of Knowledge 5. Rethinking Learning in the Multimodal Environment: Learning to Be Scientific 6. Written Genres and the Transformation of Multimodal Communication: Students' Signs as Evidence of Learning 7. Materiality as an Expression of Learning 8. Conclusion


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Question: Lesbian Disclosure, Social Support, and Depression: A Geopolitical Perspective

For lesbian women, both identity disclosure (“coming out”) and nondisclosure (“remaining closeted”) may have life-altering consequences to health and overall well-being. As with most countries, the USA may have specific regions where disclosure may have more severe consequences and nondisclosure may therefore be a pragmatic and a self-protective decision. This study explored disclosure, social support, and depression in 265 self-identified lesbian women by geographic sectors and political differences in the USA and Canada. The South was found to have less legal protection, less disclosure by geographic sector, more religiosity and less family support. Improvement and furthering protections for LGBT citizens in these states may promote their health and well-being. Legislators of all political persuasions and in all geographic locations are called upon to serve all of their citizens by promoting legal and social protections and equality at the local, state, and federal levels.

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E.g. ['represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Multilateral, dynamic and coordinated message conversion between different messages composed using different protocols, e.g., Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) are described. For each message pattern or set of messages between coordinated peers, a conversion session is established. Incoming messages are correlated to their respective conversion sessions so that a common set of conversion rules can be used to convert messages within a particular session.'] == ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'System and method for dynamic adaptive multi-directional message conversion']

Preface Exploring Offence Paralleling Behaviours in Incarcerated Offenders The Chinese Prison System for Female Offenders: A Case Study Social Control, Moral Panics & Prison: Social Harms Produced by the Myth of the New Hyper-Violent Girl Advancing the Study of Solitary Confinement Conducting Treatment in the Prison System: Rehabilitation Research Exploratory Study on Child Care in Prisons Violence Prevention Booster Program: Effects on Knowledge, Attitude, & Recidivism The Challenges of Re-entry from Prison to Society A Theoretical Assessment of the Impact of Unsafe Injecting Practices & Behavioral Change on the Dynamics of HCV & HIV within Correctional Institutions Index.


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Question: Internet Commerce Strategy for Traditional Information Service Provider

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The booming of Internet Commerce (IC) has far\|reaching influence on the traditional enterprises' management. Traditional Information Service Providers(TISPs) which produce invisible products also face such a problem:how to adjust the management strategy and carry out IC with information products and service. In China,IC is in the initial and the condition of invisible products' IC is far more mature than that of visible products. That's the meaning of this article.

Why Data Mining is Important: What is Customer-Centric Data Mining? How Data Mining Can Enhance Your Services and Products Data Mining Can Solve Your Most Difficult Problems The Data Mining Process Pillars of the Data Mining Framework: The Information Technology of Business Intelligence The Data in Data Mining The Mathematics of Data Mining Data Mining Techniques: Knowledge Discovery Data Mining Techniques: More Knowledge Discovery Data Mining Techniques: Predictive Models Data Mining Management: Common Reasons Data Mining Projects Fail Overcoming Obstacles Successful Data Mining Project Management Data Mining in Practice--Case Studies: Data Mining in: Customer Service, Retail, Insurance, Financial Services, Health Care and Medicine, Telecommunications, Transportation and Logistics, Energy, and Government Glossary Bibliography Appendixes: Vendor Information "STAT 101" Techniques Listed by Methodology Phase


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Question: Automatic Maya hieroglyph retrieval using shape and context information

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We propose an automatic Maya hieroglyph retrieval method integrating shape and glyph context information. Two recent local shape descriptors, Gradient Field Histogram of Orientation Gradient (GF-HOG) and Histogram of Orientation Shape Context (HOOSC), are evaluated. To encode the context information, we propose to convert each Maya glyph block into a first-order Markov chain and apply the co-occurrence of neighbouring glyphs. The retrieval results obtained based on visual matching are therefore re-ranked. Experimental results show that our method can significantly improve the glyph retrieval accuracy even with a basic co-occurrence model. Furthermore, two unique glyph datasets are contributed which can be used as novel shape benchmarks in future research.

This book chapter presents recently developed approaches for object tracking in video combining the structural similarity measure with particle filtering techniques.


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Question: A container having a Co2 compressed gas source

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CO The insert includes a CO Control member, after a time of operation is automatically lockable, can be blocked from working again. .FIELD 1

The present invention relates to a disk processing system having a chamber angle, the rotation angle chamber having a carrier assembly configured for rotating the heater assembly and the heater assembly.


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Question: Budesonide in the Treatment of Collagenous Colitis

Collagenous colitis is characterized by watery diarrhea and inflammatory infiltration associated with a subepithelial collagen deposit on colonic biopsies despite a normal or subnormal endoscopic appearance. We here describe 5 patients treated with the locally active steroid budesonide. Complete and partial response was observed in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Budesonide thus seems to be of therapeutic benefit in collagenous colitis. Prospective randomized long-term studies are needed to support this hypothesis.

Genotype Distribution of the 46C/T Polymorphism of Coagulation Factor XII in the Japanese Population: Absence of Its Association with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease -


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Question: Impedance analysis of high-speed lateral-current-injection membrane DFB laser on silicon

Impedance characteristics of a membrane DFB laser were measured to reveal an effect of parasitics on the modulation bandwidth. The cutoff frequency was obtained to be 13.7 GHz by measuring reflection S 11 . Additionally, 18 Gbit/s direct modulation was performed at a bias current of 1.5-mA.

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MEMS wavelength tunable lasers and its progress were preserted.Different kinds of wavelength tunable lasers were introduced,such as MEMS tunable laser based on surface-micromachined mirror,deep-etched circular mirror,blazed grating,array integration and VCSEL.


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Question: Discussion on the construction of enterprise internal accounting control system

This paper analyses the reasons of the failure of the internal accounting control. Accompanying with the current situation of the internal accounting control in our country , based on the internal control , according to the shortcomings of the regulation of internal accounting control , the editor puts forward the importance of the construction of the business internal accounting control system , and advances the concrete measures to enhance the construction of the internal accounting control.

Analyze the basic theory, basic thoughts, model and implementation of the condition teaching of physics.


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Question: Purchasing Power: Oil, Elections and Regime Durability in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan

This article examines the link between oil abundance and regime durability by providing insight into how and why oil-rich leaders use elections to maintain power. Using data from presidential elections in Central Asia, the article argues that oil-rich leaders are better able to manipulate their economies in the run-up to elections than their resource-poor counterparts. Oil-rich leaders use oil profits to increase pre-electoral spending to increase popular support, to deter potential opposition and to secure elite loyalty. Such electorally timed increases in spending help oil-rich leaders increase their re-election prospects and ensure their continued control over their countries' resources.

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Acknowledgments Introduction List of Abbreviations Part I. The Roots of Sectarianism 1. Governance 2. The Long Shadow of the Iranian Revolution Part II. Bahrain 3. Debating Participation: The Bahraini Shia and Regional Influences 4. Sectarian Balancing: The Bahraini Sunnis and a Polarized Parliament 5. Into the Abyss: The Pearl Roundabout Uprising and Its Aftermath Part III. Saudi Arabia 6. Loyalties Under Fire: The Saudi Shia in the Shadow of Iraq 7. Under Siege: The Salafi and Regime Countermobilization 8. Waving Uthman's Shirt: Saudi Arabia's Sectarian Spring Part IV. Kuwait 9. Renegotiating a Ruling Bargain: The Kuwaiti Shia 10. Tilting Toward Repression: The Sunni Opposition and the Kuwaiti Regime 11. A Balancing Act Goes Awry: Sectarianism and Kuwait's Mass Protests Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index


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Question: Application of multi-spiral CT in post processing original image technique to impacted teeth in bone

BACKGROUND To study the clinical value of multiplannar reformation,curved plane reconstruction and shaded volume rendering technology of spiral CT in locating impacted teeth. CASE REPORTS Forty multiple impacted teeth of 22 cases were examined with spiral CT. All cases received multiplannar reformation,curved plane reconstruction and shaded volume rendering. The reconstruction image could clearly display the shape,location and eruption orientation of the impacted teeth. DISCUSSION He post processing original image technique by MSCT can provide valuable diagnostic and anatomic information of the impacted teeth.

This paper studies the key technologies of the computer-aided bone surgery system testing techniques, and mathematical modeling, the combination of computer image processing, built knee replacement surgery in the lower extremity biomechanics line measurement system and validated by experiments.


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Question: Applications Of Probability And Entropy Concepts In Open Channel Hydraulics

Methods to apply the probability and entropy concepts in open channel hydraulics are presented. Recent applications of an approach based on these concepts produced results that had been impossible to obtain by using only the traditional, deterministic principles. The approach has great potentials in future efforts to obtain knowledge still missing in open channel hydraulics today.

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This chapter contains sections titled: Concept of Frequency Important Parameters of Frequency Distribution Theory of Probability Probability Distribution Model Sampling Theory Statistical Decision Making Conclusions References


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Question: Residential, Commercial, and Utility-Scale Photovoltaic (PV) System Prices in the United States: Current Drivers and Cost-Reduction Opportunities

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The price of photovoltaic (PV) systems in the United States (i.e., the cost to the system owner) has dropped precipitously in recent years, led by substantial reductions in global PV module prices. However, system cost reductions are not necessarily realized or realized in a timely manner by many customers. Many reasons exist for the apparent disconnects between installation costs, component prices, and system prices; most notable is the impact of fair market value considerations on system prices. To guide policy and research and development strategy decisions, it is necessary to develop a granular perspective on the factors that underlie PV system prices and to eliminate subjective pricing parameters. This report's analysis of the overnight capital costs (cash purchase) paid for PV systems attempts to establish an objective methodology that most closely approximates the book value of PV system assets.

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1. Micro Cogeneration Technology - 2. Dynamics of Socio-Technical Change: Micro Cogeneration in Energy System Transformation Scenarios - 3. The Future Heating Market and the Potential for Micro Cogeneration - 4. Economics of Micro Cogeneration - 5. Environmental Impacts of Micro Cogeneration - 6. From Consumers to Operators: the Role of Micro Cogeneration Users - 7. Micro Cogeneration - Setting of an Emerging Market - 8. Institutional Framework and Innovation Policy for Micro Cogeneration in Germany - 9. Embedding Micro Cogeneration in the Energy Supply System - 10. The Micro Cogeneration Operator: A Report from Practical Experiences - 11. Micro Cogeneration in North America - 12. Micro Cogeneration in Britain - 13. Micro Cogneration in Japan.


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Question: Hajj Amīn al-Ḥusaynī, the “creation” of a leader

Hajj Amīn al-Ḥusaynī – the «Grand Muftī of Jerusalem» – is often portrayed as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people in the first part of XX century. Due to his collusion with Nazism, such a position implies that the Palestinian people are, at least in principle, responsible for their own tragic destiny. This study challenges that assumption and sheds light on how and why the Grand Muftī was imposed on the Palestinian people by London. Analyzing the rise to power of Hajj Amīn al-Ḥusaynī and the means granted to him is crucial for understanding the ways through which the British authorities related to the local realities in post-World War I Palestine and to what extent these practices have marked the subsequent development of Palestinian society.

In the Manuscript Collection of the Cairo Library (Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriya), there is an unpublished and practically unknown manuscript ( Kashf al-Asrār al-'Ilmiya bi Dār aḍ-Ḍarb al-Miṣriya ), which contains a treatise dealing with problems of the Egyptian mint. It was composed by Manṣūr ibn Ba'ra a - ahabī al-Kāmilī. Although the manuscript is only a late copy of the original work, it constitutes an important source for the study of the monetary system and minting problems of medieval Egypt.


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Question: Integral Geometry Methods in the Geometrical Langlands Program

The book is divided on the studied aspects in integral geometry and that are of interest in field theory, at least, to the solution or obtaining of integrals to the field equations corresponding to the moduli stacks planted. In the chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, are exposed the generalizations of the Penrose transforms with a good D-modules theory in the derived categories context and their deformations. In the chapters 5, and 6, are exposed and discussed the different classification problems and their implications in the differential operators to the field equations. Finally, in the chapters 7, and 8 are exposed the aspects of the geometrical ramification of field ramification going behold the holomorphicity. ::: ::: ::: In the end of the book are included several research exercises that can be discussed and exposed inside postgraduate courses in derived geometry or related as derived categories or categories on commutative and non-commutative rings.

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Open Challenges on the Stability of Complex Systems : Insights of Nonlinear Phenomena with or without Delay


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Question: APPLICATION OF DAMAGE TOLERANCE TO INCREASE SAFETY OF HELICOPTERS IN SERVICE

Abstract : In the past, all helicopters have been designed to safe-life requirements. Introduced in October 1989, FAR 29.571 at Amendment 28 requires damage tolerance substantiation for transport category helicopters. Therefore, the majority of helicopters currently in service were designed to safe-life requirements. In general, the safe-life approach has proven to be adequate. However, there have been a number of field problems with cracking components, which lend themselves to the application of a damage tolerance approach. Damage tolerance analysis allows addressing

SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC SAVINGS CAN BE REALIZED IF PILE DESIGN LOADS CAN BE INCREASED TO THOSE WHICH THE PILE ITSELF IS CAPABLE OF SUSTAINING AS A STRUCTURAL COLUMN. IF FRICTION PILE CONDITIONS OR UPLIFT CONDITIONS A SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED WHEREBY PILE CAPACITIES ARE INCREASED BY EXPANDING THE PILE CROSS SECTION BY EXTRUDING STEEL PLATES FROM THE PILE BODY AFTER THE PILE IS DRIVEN. RESULTS OF A LABORATORY MODEL TEST AND REDUCED SCALE PROTOTYPE TEST ARE GIVEN AND COMPARED WITH A THEORETICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN PROCEDURE. A DESIGN EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATES POTENTIAL ECONOMY. AN EXAMINATION OF THE SCHEME'S ADAPTABILITY TO VARIOUS PILE SECTIONS ALREADY IN COMMERCIAL USE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD EMPHASIZES THE VERSATILITY OF THE SYSTEM. /AUTHOR/


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Question: [IMPACT OF THE WOUND COVERINGS ON THE WOUND PH IN SUPERFICIAL BURNS OF THE SKIN].

Impact of the wounds coverings on the wounds contents pH in the injured persons, suffering superficial burns of skin, was studied. In 75 patients (the main group) the wounds treatment was accomplished under the wounds covering, in 35 of them xenotransplants were applied, and in 40 – coverings made of hydrogel. In 35 patients (the comparison group) the moisture-drying gauze bandages were used. There was established, that the wound indices of pH constitute an important factor for the burn wounds healing. The changes of the media pH towards the acid one under the wounds covering had stimulated the wounds healing and epithelization.

THE HISTOLOGICAL CROSSCUTS OF RABBIT VENINS PROVED THAT THE ::: HIGHER THE APPLIED THERMAL ENERGY PER 1 CM THE QUICKER THE ::: FIBROTIC CHANGE OF THE VEIN OCCUR WITHOUT DANAGING THE ::: PERIVASCULAR STRUCTURES.


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Question: Switching diffusion logistic models involving singularly perturbed Markov chains: Weak convergence and stochastic permanence

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ABSTRACTFocusing on stochastic dynamics involve continuous states as well as discrete events, this article investigates stochastic logistic model with regime switching modulated by a singular Markov chain involving a small parameter. This Markov chain undergoes weak and strong interactions, where the small parameter is used to reflect rapid rate of regime switching among each state class. Two-time-scale formulation is used to reduce the complexity. We obtain weak convergence of the underlying system so that the limit has much simpler structure. Then we utilize the structure of limit system as a bridge, to invest stochastic permanence of original system driving by a singular Markov chain with a large number of states. Sufficient conditions for stochastic permanence are obtained. A couple of examples and numerical simulations are given to illustrate our results.

Abstract : The renewal function is a basic tool used in many probabilistic models and sequential analysis. Based on a random sample of size n, a nonparametric estimator of the renewal function is introduced. Asymptotic properties of the estimator such as the almost sure consistency and local asymptotic normality are developed. A discussion of an application of the estimator is also provided. Keywords: U-statistics, reverse martingales, warranty analysis.


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Question: Equilibrium analysis for a mass-conserving model in presence of cavitation

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Abstract We study the existence of equilibrium positions for the load problem in Lubrication Theory. The problem consists of two surfaces in relative motion separated by a small distance filled by a lubricant. The system is described by the modified Reynolds equation (Elrod–Adams model) which describes the behavior of the lubricant and an extra integral equation given the balance of forces. The balance of forces allows to obtain the unknown position of the surfaces, defined with one degree of freedom.

We prove the existence of a unknown nonlinearity term in an inverse problem arising in the theory of absorption


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Question: Public Goods Supplied by Government:a Concept Late to Come and a Project Once Ignored

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The shortage of social equity and justice is a great obstruction of forming a harmonious society.The shortage of social equity is closely connected with the public goods that government should supply.However,there is no word to cover the "public goods" so far,to say nothing of its systematic research.This paper puts forward the concept of "public goods" and gives the great significance of the supply system by the government.

Introduction: What Is the Challenge? Does China Have an "Infinite" World Market Frontier? Is China Able to Innovate? Is China Capable to Innovate? Can the Chinese Government Accommodate Innovation? Beyond the Last Frontier: Can Global Capitalism be Saved? Conclusions Bibliography Index


Question: Study on improvement of epoxidation process of SIS and application

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ESIS is synthesized by using the in-situ performic method.The improvement method for synthesis process is studied by multistep dropping addition.The results show that the difficulties such as epoxy value control and heat elimination existed in the traditional process can be solved well by multistep dropping addition process.By the new synthesis process,the amount of formic acid is reduced by 40%and side reaction is decreased.The maximum epoxy value is 4.05 mol/kg,increasing by 19.1%,In addition,the alcohol is employed in the system for a homogenous synthesis of ESIS.The homogenous reaction can be performed under extremely rapid react velocity and ambient temperature.The epoxy value of ESIS produced by homogenous synthesis is 0.37mol/kg.ESIS based Hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesive(HMPSA) have better adherent properties in initial tack,holding tack and peeling strength than SIS based HMPSA.

The paper reports the process flowsheet, design parameters and operation index of the regenerating catalytic cracking gas-making of light oil. And the carbureting method, raw material requirement, key operation parameters ect. of ligt oil gas-making are discussed also.


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Question: Evaluation of extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer

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A total of 587 cases with gastric cancer was reviewed. Particular emphasis was placed on the comparative studies on the stages of stomach cancer and end-results of the R2 (with a conventional lymph node dissection) and the R3-resections (with an extended lymph node dissection). R3-resections were found to be generally associated with higher 5-year survival rates than R2-resections. Especially for the positive lymph node cases not having a marked serosal invasion, the 5-year survival rate was considerably higher with R3-resections than with R2-resections (55.3 percent versus 21.5 percent). Although the differences were not significant statistically, it has been suggested from these results that the end-results might be improved more effectively by performing R3 resection for cases without a marked serosal invasion.

This study was to evaluate the prognosis of peritonectomy following gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma patients with intraoperatively proven single P1/P2 carcinomatosis and to define the best t...


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Question: Method for preparing octacosanol ester through enzyme catalysis

The invention discloses a method for preparing octacosanol ester through enzyme catalysis, belonging to the technical fields of foods, medicines, chemical industry, cosmetics and the like. The octacosanol ester is synthesized under the catalytic action of a nonaqueous-phase lipase by taking octacosanol as a raw material and fatty acid as an acyl donor. The method is mild in reaction condition, little in side reaction, simple in separation, environment-friendly and the like. By using the method, the oil solubility of octacosanol can be improved, the bioavailability of octacosanol can be increased, and the actual application range of octacosanol is greatly widened.

A new method for synthesizing glyceryl phosphorylcholine which is well known for improving agent of brain function is provided to easily synthesize L-alpha- glyceryl phosphorylcholine using cheap and easy-to-handle material. A method for synthesizing glyceryl phosphorylcholine comprises: a step of reacting benzylation with glycidol and benzylbromide to obtain benzyl glycidyl ether; a step of opening epoxide ring of the benzyl glycidyl ether to obtain benzyloxypropanediol: a step of acetylating the benzyloxypropanediol to obtain diacetoxybenzyloxypropane; a step of removing benzyl group in the diacetoxybenzyloxypropane to obtain diacetyl grycerol; and a step of performing phosphorylation and cholination of the diacetyl grycerol.


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Question: The photoelectric conversion element

The present application pertains to a photoelectric conversion element equipped with a semiconductor (1), an intrinsic layer (4) containing hydrogenated amorphous silicon and provided on the semiconductor (1), a first-conductive-type layer (6), a second-conductive-type layer (8), a first insulating layer (5) for covering part of the intrinsic layer (4), a first electrode (9), and a second electrode (10), the photoelectric conversion element being characterized in that a part of the first-conductive-type layer (6) and a part of the second-conductive-type layer (8) are positioned above the region where the intrinsic layer (4) and the first insulating layer (5) contact one another.

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The subject innovation is relates to a luminaire with a surface in which the spotlight as the latest lighting technology emission technology OLED, an organic EL, inorganic EL, etc. in line with the optical panel to be normalized, the normalized hereafter square and rectangular shape in the case of the annular insert relates to a pendant type lighting and stand-type a new type of luminaire that can be used as lighting.


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Question: FRAMEWORKS FOR INTERPRETING FRENCH CARIBBEAN WOMEN'S THEATRE: INA CÉSAIRE'S ISLAND MEMORIES AT THE THÉÂTRE DU CAMPAGNOL

The plays and performances of French Caribbean women, which have mostly been examined in the French language and in the field of French literary studies, require a new theorization of postcolonial theatre. Highly influenced by what I call French universalism, French Caribbean women's theatre moves continuously between evoking Caribbean and gender difference and mobilizing the concept of the human universal. Their work enacts a restorative postcolonial women's agenda that is specific to the cultural context of the French overseas departments of Martinique and Guadeloupe.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper
To give you a sense - "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract The gamma rays emitted in disintegration of 192 Ir and 194 Ir have been studied in a Ge(Li) detector having a depletion layer thickness of 4.2mm. Quantum energies and relative intensities have been obtained. Sixteen gamma rays, previously reported to be emitted in the decay of 192 Ir, were not observed. A hitherto undetected gamma ray at 589 keV has been observed in the disintegration of 194 Ir. Modifications in the various modes of de-excitation of the residual nuclei 192 Os, 192 Pt and 194 Pt are proposed.']" should be close to "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Gamma rays emitted in disintegration of 192Ir and 194Ir']"

WITH COMMENTS BY MARC SCHREIBER AND BERNARD GENET ON THE EFFECTS OF THE ELECTION ON INLAND WATER TRANSPORTATION, SPECIFICALLY THE RHINE-RHONE CANAL.


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Question: Mafia and organised crime in Italy: The unacknowledged successes of law enforcement

Analysing the phenomenon of the mafia and organised crime in Italy as well as the related control policies, it is evident that, although unacknowledged by the media, policy-making and law enforcement communities, significant successes have been achieved in the fight against the mafia since the early 1990s. As a result of these successes, the Sicilian Cosa Nostra and, to a lesser extent, all other forms of southern Italian organised crime have entered a period of serious crisis. This does not mean that the Sicilian mafia is defeated or that the law enforcement repression should be relaxed.

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EU-China, the first approach. Moving a step forward? Evolvement of the strategic partnership. Piracy in the Gulf of Aden: a threat for the international community. Explaining China’s participation in counter-piracy operations. A turning point in the Sino-European relations?


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Question: The Atmospheric Railway of I.K. Brunel

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I.K. Brunel took the daring but carefully calculated decision to recommend the adoption of atmospheric propulsion on the South Devon Railway in 1844. The principle had been convincingly demonstrated in models and small-scale operation, and it offered attractive advantages on the heavy gradients between Exeter and Plymouth. However, the installation proved to be a costly failure for the South Devon Railway, and it was abandoned in 1848, when still incomplete. The immediate reasons for the failure were the problems involved in scaling up the atmospheric system for main-line operation, such as the maintenance of the pressure tube and its seal, and the provision of adequate pumping engines. But to some extent the atmospheric system was also overtaken by continuing improvements in steam locomotion, and in the long term any notional advantages the system may have possessed were surpassed by those provided by electric traction, so that there was no opportunity to give atmospheric railways another trial when the ...

Introduction: One Is the Lonelist Number The Civic Catechism Agoraphobia The Rite Stuff The Bawdy Politic Selected Bibliography Index


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Question: Consumer Health Staff Training in a Public Library Setting

Abstract The vast array of health information resources available to consumers has made the role of public librarians, as evaluators and providers of reliable health information, more important than ever. As part of its focus on consumer health information services at its main library and 18 urban neighborhood locations, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh (CPL) has developed a plan for ongoing staff training to ensure consistent, high-quality consumer health assistance. This column outlines how Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh identified staff training as a priority; researched the needs of its community and staff; tailored training to identified needs; developed staff competencies for measurement after completion of training; and implemented its training curriculum.

represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title Fewshot example: "['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'This synthesis will be of interest to maintenance, construction, and traffic engineers, and others interested in the use of safety apparatus for highway operations. Information is provided on the performance and operational experience of truck-mounted attenuators, including physical characteristics, test results, and guidelines for use. There is growing use of truck-mounted attenuators (TMAs) for highway traffic, maintenance, and construction operations. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the current state of the practice with respect to the use of TMAs. Experience with TMA design is summarized, and field experience and guidelines for use are discussed based on a review of the literature and a survey of the states.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'PERFORMANCE AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF TRUCK-MOUNTED ATTENUATORS']"

Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Method and system for managing App

The invention discloses a method for managing App. The method includes that a source position of an App shortcut method is obtained by triggering a mouse touch event; a shortcut method is built at a target position of an appointed App shortcut method by triggering a release mouse touch event; and parameters of the source position of the App shortcut method are assigned to the built shortcut method. The invention further discloses a system for managing the App. A building unit is used for building a shortcut method by triggering the release mouse touch event at a target position of the appointed App shortcut method. An assignment unit is used for assigning the parameter of the source position of the App shortcut method to the built shortcut method. By means of the method and the system, App can be managed in unified mode, and inquiry efficiency of common App is improved.

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The present techniques generally relate to apparatus and methods for providing programmable currents for correlated electron switches.


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The molecule of the title compound, C5H4Cl2N2O, is close to being planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 A), apart from the C atom of the methoxy group, which deviates by 1.082 (2) A from the mean plane of the other atoms. In the crystal, short Cl⋯N contacts [3.0940 (15) and 3.1006 (17) A] generate a three-dimensional framework.

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Condensation of trimethylsilyl derivatives of benzimidazole and benzotriazole with alkylating agents in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate or SnCl4, or direct alkylation of the sodium salts of benzimidazole and benzotriazole, gives 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-, 1-(3-hydroxy-2-oxabutyl)-, 1-(3-hydroxymethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxabutyl)-, and 1-(1,5-dihydroxy-3-oxapent-2-yl)benzimidazole and -benzotriazole.


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Question: [Colicin El synthesis in a cell-free system of paired transcription--translation].

Proteins were synthesized in the cell-free coupled transcription-translation systen (S30) under the control of the DNA-templates of plasmid ColEl, phages T2 and Sd. The most active templates were phage T2 DNA and closed plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA induced synthesis of 8 individual proteins, one of which was a biologically active antibiotic of protein nature--colicin. The titre of colicin synthesized in such a cell-free system reached 1024 U/ml, this being about 100 times greater than the titre of this antibiotic in the colicinogenic bacteria cultures.

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, 1996). SRP binds via its 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) 1997). First, FtsY may associate with the membrane viato hydrophobic targeting signals in short nascent poly- a saturatable protein–protein interaction, in which thepeptides, thereby inhibiting further elongation. Interaction A-domain would be primarily involved. Second, FtsYof the complex with the α-subunit of the SR, which is may associate via a direct protein–lipid interaction.anchored to the membrane by SRβ, relieves the arrest in In this study, we investigated the possibility of a directelongation and allows insertion of the nascent protein into FtsY–lipid interaction. Both full-length FtsY and the


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Question: Dual Polarized Plane Wave Generator Design for Direct Far-Field Testing

A Plane Wave Generator (PWG) is an array of elements with suitably optimized complex coefficients, generating an approximate plane wave over a finite testing volume called the Quiet Zone (QZ). The PWG enables direct measurements of far-field performance of the Antenna Under Test (AUT) in a controlled indoor environment as an alternative to Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR). In this paper we present our sub-array-based approach to minimize the number of parallel transceiver modules controlling the complex excitations of the elements of the PWG.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper The provided query could be "['', 'The present paper describes a discrete particle simulation of pulsating fluidized beds. The effect of the gas pulsation on the flow pattern was studied numerically. Two cases of the bed were considered: one is of Group B particles in Geldart’s classification and the other is of Group D particles. We also proposed a relaxation time of fluidized beds from the viewpoint of the bed response to the gas pulsation. The proposed relaxation time provided a good estimation to the present calculation results.']" and the positive "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Discrete particle analysis of 2D pulsating fluidized bed']"

Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.


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Question: GLOBAL PERFORMANCE OF A PROTOTYPE BRAZED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER IN A LARGE REYNOLDS NUMBER RANGE

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Investigations were conducted with brazed plate heat exchangers and consisted of defining the thermal and hydrodynamic performances of these types of heat exchanger and comparing them in terms of the hydraulic diameter parameter. The hydrodynamic characteristics are presented in the turbulent and laminar-transitional flow regions. An equation of a type a Reb has been used to accurately fit the isothermal pressure drop data in both the viscous and turbulent flow regions. A distinctive kink of the hydrodynamic characteristics occurred at a critical Reynolds number indicating the start of the turbulent flow regime. Moreover, in the turbulent part of flow, two linear zones can also be defined, and at the junction between them, some flow disturbances have been measured due mainly to the flow change between the quasi- and fully turbulent flow regimes. Thermal investigations were also conducted with regard to the hydraulic diameter parameter, and the thermal and hydrodynamic correlations are then coupled by only...

THE INVENTION CONCERNS A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LOAD ON AN AMINE OF ENTRY 2 COLUMN FOR GAS DESULFURIZATION. SHE ALSO CONCERNS CELL PHOTOMETER FOR ACTION 13. THE PROCESS IS CHARACTERIZED BY THAT REGULATION IS MADE BASED ON CONTENT IN RESIDUAL AMINE GAS TO ELIMINATE, BEING IN THE SAMPLE LIQUID PHASE INSIDE THE COLUMN 2. APPLICATION PROCESS GAS NATURAL ACID.


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Question: Application of Trichogramma insects in forestry

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Trichogramma insects as cosmopolitan are egg parasite, which have been applied in controlling Dendrolimus superans and Clostera anastomosis for recent 3-decade years in forest region of Jilin Province. Experimental results show that control effects have achieved 60 to 70 percents. This paper presents 9 Trichogramma spp. and 18 species distributing in there.

The banana is affected by numerous pests highlighting the brat - the - banana ( Cosmopolites sordidus ) which is considered key pest of this crop. Agroecological control practices ensure the protection and the best fruit development reflecting the good looks and banana qu ality, favoring their marketing. The objective of this study was to make the population survey and cultural control urchins - the - banana in organic banana plantation in the north of Minas Gerais. The collections of insects were made weekly, from March to Apr il 2015, by type baits "cheese" made of pseudo own plant. Recorded to the amount of true bugs, and false colonized by entomopathogenic fungi. According to the survey, it was observed that the amount of real boys, causing damage in the area was higher than the level of economic damage being recommended, then the cultural control through manual scavenging or biological control.