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Question: Novel Wiener sub-band processing schemes for binaural adaptive speech-enhancement

A novel application of Wiener filtering is proposed for processing band-limited noisy signals in a binaural adaptive speech-enhancement scheme. Two different Weiner filtering based implementations have been developed, both with the aim of further reducing residual incoherent noise components resulting from application of conventional adaptive sub-band noise cancellers. Initial comparative results achieved in simulation experiments using real anechoic speech corrupted with simulated interference demonstrate that the proposed binaural sub-band schemes employing Wiener filtering are capable of significantly outperforming conventional wideband and sub-band noise-cancellation methods

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We propose the energy-constrained minimum-variance response (ECMVR) filter to perform robust spectral estimation of vowels. We modify the distortionless constraint of the minimum-variance distortionless response (MVDR) filter and add an energy constraint to its formulation to mitigate the influence of noise on the speech spectrum. We test our ECMVR filter on a vowel classification task with different background noises at various SNR levels. Results show that vowels are classified more accurately in certain noises using MFCC and PLP features extracted from the ECMVR spectrum compared to using features extracted from the FFT and MVDR spectra. Index Terms: frequency estimation, MVDR, robust signal processing, spectral estimation.


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Question: Practical exponential stability in mean square of stochastic partial differential equations

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The main aim of this paper is to establish some criteria for the mean square and almost sure practical exponential stability of a nonlinear monotone stochastic partial differential equations.

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By a unique fixed point theorem for a class of a mixed monotone operators, existence and uniqueness are established for singular boundary value problems for second order continuous and discrete boundary value problems.


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Question: DLK1-MEG3 imprinted domain microRNAs in cancer biology.

Abstract A rapidly growing body of evidence highlights the involvement of DLK1-MEG3 imprinted domain in cell biology and cancer pathogenesis. The imprinted domain contains protein-coding genes, long non-coding RNAs, and various small non-coding RNAs. The imprinted microRNAs located here interact with important transcription factors, modulate fundamental signaling cascades, form molecular signatures with diagnostic and prognostic potential, and could differentiate chemoresistant from chemosensitive disease. Moreover, as they can be detected in patients' serum, are easy to obtain, and can be used as adjuvant diagnostic biomarkers with the potential of monitoring disease progression and response to treatment.

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Backgrounds: Autophagy mediates protective effects in organ damage, and its reduction is associated with accelerated aging. We recently identified a circulating peptide coupling factor 6 (CF6) whic...


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Question: Participation and performance: human-technology relations in the art of Rafael Lozano-Hemmer

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is paper presents a summa of the research and findings of my Masters project: an investigation into the interactive media artworks of Mexican-Canadian artist Rafael Lozano-Hemmer as a means of exploring the human-technology relations that produce and are produced by the works. Situating Lozano-Hemmer’s work within a histo of participato art and significant technological shis, the paper uses two artwork case studies to explore four key concepts from the MA project: embodiment, autopoiesis, techno-social milieux and distributed agen. e project draws on the work of Bruno Latour and N. Katherine Hayles, with reference to the work of other key theorists including Donna Haraway and Gilles Deleuze, to challenge a humanist perspective of technology and argue for a posthumanist framework in which technology comes to be understood as a techno-social performance.

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Responses sought to student research survey about understanding of and attitudes towards sustainable development at Leeds


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Question: Study on Microstructure Evolution during the Cold Roll-Beating of 40Cr

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For revealing the forming mechanism in micro level and for establishing the relationship between macroscopic deformation and microscopic changes, impact experiment of material property is conducted under the high speed cold roll-beating condition based on the plastic deformation mechanism of metal material, Based on the Zener-Hollomon constitutive relation, the macro change model is established, and the parameters of the 40 Cr are obtained according to the experimental data. Based on the model of microstructure evolution of dislocation density, the relation between macroscopic change and microscopic change is established, which provides the theoretical support for the forming process in micro level and revels the relationship between macro deformation and micro changes in the forming process of high speed cold roll-beating.

Announcement Concerning Article RetractionThe following paper has been withdrawn from the database of Mater. Trans., because a description based on a misinterpretation of the experimental results was found by the authors in advance of publication after acceptance.Mater.Trans. 52(2011) Advance view.Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Biomedical β-Type Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy while Maintaining Low Young’s Modulus through Optimizing ω-Phase Precipitation


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Question: Toxicological aspects of scale preventative agents used in desalination equipment for drinking water

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Abstract To produce drinking water from sea water by distillation, sulfuric acid and polyphosphates have been applied as scale preventative agents for a long time. For a few years now other agents as polyacrylates, polyphosphonates etc. are in use too. General toxicological aspects connected with the application of such chemicals for the preparation of drinking water by distillation of sea water are dealt with.

Reduction in tritium contamination levels in the product water is a top priority for gaining public confidence in nuclear seawater desalination. Hence, the search for new technologies, to enable such reduction is an ongoing process. Heat pipes are seen as a promising technology to achieve such goal. In fact, concern over possible contamination of the product water could well be eliminated using this technology. Utilising new designs for desalination heat exchangers based on the heat pipe technology will add an extra loop, which will prevent direct contact between the nuclear and the product water loops under normal and anticipated operational failure occurrences. As a result, heat pipes can play a decisive role in enhancing public perception of nuclear desalination in particular and seawater desalination in general. When coupled to the Low-Temperature Multi-Effect Distillation process, heat pipes based heat exchangers could harness waste-heat generated in nuclear power reactors and effectively improve the...


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Question: Influences of the Removal of the Age and Marriage Limitation In College Entrance Examination

The college enrolment policy is changed into without the age and marriage limit. On the one hand, it will promote the popularization of the college education and enhance the quality of people. On the other hand, it gives a challenge to higher educational system, teaching method, managing idea and so on. Due to this condition, student affairs staff should notice the opportunity and take some active action, such as establishing tutor system and the elastic credit system.

Preface Exploring Offence Paralleling Behaviours in Incarcerated Offenders The Chinese Prison System for Female Offenders: A Case Study Social Control, Moral Panics & Prison: Social Harms Produced by the Myth of the New Hyper-Violent Girl Advancing the Study of Solitary Confinement Conducting Treatment in the Prison System: Rehabilitation Research Exploratory Study on Child Care in Prisons Violence Prevention Booster Program: Effects on Knowledge, Attitude, & Recidivism The Challenges of Re-entry from Prison to Society A Theoretical Assessment of the Impact of Unsafe Injecting Practices & Behavioral Change on the Dynamics of HCV & HIV within Correctional Institutions Index.


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E.g. '['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'A New Vector for Identification of Prokaryotes and Their Variable-Size Genomes']' == '['represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title\n\n------\n\nFor instance, <<Can Benedict XVI strike a balance between Catholic doctrines and health? ::: ::: G iven that more than 37 million people world-wide are living with HIV,1 the late pope\'s opposition to the use of condoms attracted much criticism. Indeed, some critics blamed John Paul II directly for the loss of millions of lives from AIDS in Africa, where the Catholic church is flourishing; 2.3 million died in 2004 in sub-Saharan Africa alone. The new pope, Benedict XVI (formerly Joseph Ratzinger), also comes from the conservative wing of his church and is therefore very likely to endorse the encyclical of Pope Paul VI that bars Catholics from using any kind of artificial contraceptive.2 But what do we really know of his views on condom use and other medical and ethical issues? ::: ::: As a cardinal, Joseph Ratzinger led the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, an organisation descended from …>>  to "The new pope and medical ethics."', 'A large number of prokaryotes have been produced, so how to provide a means to describe and distinguish them accurately is becoming a key issue of prokaryotic taxonomy. We proposed an efficient algorithm to filter out most genome fragments that are horizontally transferred, and extracted a new genome vector (GV). To highlight the power of GV, we applied it to identify prokaryotes and their variable-size genome fragments. The result indicated that the new vector as species tags can accurately identify genome fragments as short as 3,000 bp at species level.']' != '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', '1. Introduction and General Overview.- 2. Type I and Type III Restriction-Modification Enzymes.- 3. Methylases of the Type II Restriction-Modification Systems.- 4. The Restriction and Modification DNA Methylases: An Overview.- 5. Methylation of Prokaryotic DNA.- 6. DNA Methylation: DNA Replication and Repair.- 7. DNA Methylation Patterns: Formation and Biological Functions.- 8. DNA Methylation and Gene Expression.- 9. Gene Activation by 5-Azacytidine.- 10. DNA Methylation in Early Mammalian Development.- 11. Specific Promoter Methylations Cause Gene Inactivation.- 12. DNA Methylation and Developmental Regulation of Eukaryotic Globin Gene Transcription.- 13. X Inactivation, DNA Methylation, and Differentiation Revisited.- 14. Left-handed Z-DNA and Methylation of d(CpG) Sequences.- 15. Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression.- 16. Gene Methylation Patterns and Expression.']'

Question: Interconvertible (ZE)-stereoisomers of a vitamin B6 coenzyme analog derived from pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and rhodanine

Abstract The Knoevenagel condensation product of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate ( 1 ) with rhodanine ( 2 ) was prepared and identified as ( Z )-5-[[3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-4-pyridinyl]methylene]-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone ( 3 ). The labile ( E )-stereoisomer 4 was obtained in a crude form. Its association with the nucleobase adenine was prepared suggesting an affinity to nucleic acids.

The novel synthesis of 3-DPA lactone, which is known as a potent food intake-control substance, via tandem cyclization reaction of acetonide protected methyl 4,5-dihydroxy-2-chloroglycidate is described.


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Question: Analysis on Three-dimensional Reservoir Visualization Based on Digital Elevation Model

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High precision digital elevation model was created based on original CAD relief map of one reservoir,and the precision,topographic factors and visibility,were analyzed and reservoir volume and submerge acreage of this reservior were computed.Then adopting GeoVRML technique,virtual reality geographical information system of web was constructed,and some functions of this system were developed,such as visualization and query of result,graph data visualization,and region virtual scene roaming,etc.,deep administrative levels information digged and long-distance visualization expression were realized in this system.The result shows that,based on the basic high precision digital elevation model,such functions can realized,as 3-dimensional visualization analysis and calculation functions,ect,these benefit for compressing the space data to release in WebGIS as well as.

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Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.


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Question: PLANNING IDEAS OF THE DISCIPLINES AND MAJORS' CONSTRUCTIONS IN OUR COLLEGE

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After analyzing the frameworks and specialties of disciplines and majors in our college,the paper comes up with rational disciplines ' arrangements according to the talents markets' needs and principles of disciplines constructions,and analyses the protective measures about strengthening awareness and scientific planning of disciplines constructions and majors and improving their management system.

CRITICISM OF ADOPTING A SPECIALIZED UNIT APPROACH RATHER THAN INTEGRATING APPROACH INTO ENTIRE DEPARTMENT.


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Question: Purification and Some Properties of a Xylanase from Aspergillus sydowii MG49.

Aspergillus sydowii MG49 produces a 30-kDa exosplitting xylobiohydrolase during growth on xylan. A specific chemical modification and substrate protection analysis of purified xylanase provided evidence that tryptophan and carboxy and amino groups are present at the catalytic site of this enzyme. Thermal inactivation of the xylanase occurs because of irreversible polymolecular aggregation, which is slower in the presence of glycerol.

Poster: "ECR 2012 / C-0428 / Structural Frontal Abnormalities in Idiopathic Dystonia Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging" by: "H. M. Sakr; Cairo/EG"


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Question: Subject guides: Food Technology: Dictionaries & Encyclopaedias

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This research guide will provide you with starting points for finding information on food technology. Reference resources for background information

Online databases, journals, books, websites & other resources, finding tools and news for environmental studies, sustainability and sustainable design. Find Images, Videos, Podcasts, Maps & Interactive Multimedia


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Question: Letter from the New Editor-in-Chief

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Dear authors, reviewers, and readers of Cancers, It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to the latest issue of Cancers, for which I now serve as Editor-in-Chief. First, thanks are due to my predecessor and the founding Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Robert Weiss. [...]

Visiting North Korea: QaA with Siegfried Hecker Visiting North Korea: QaA with Siegfried Hecker


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Question: Plasma Enabled Fabrication of Silicon Carbide Nanostructures

Silicon carbide is one of the promising materials for the fabrication of various one- and two-dimensional nanostructures. In this chapter, we discuss experimental and theoretical studies of the plasma-enabled fabrication of silicon carbide quantum dots, nanowires, and nanorods. The discussed fabrication methods include plasma-assisted growth with and without anodic aluminium oxide membranes and with or without silane as a source of silicon. In the silane-free experiments, quartz was used as a source of silicon to synthesize the silicon carbide nanostructures in an environmentally friendly process. The mechanism of the formation of nanowires and nanorods is also discussed.

Biomaterials * Optical Components * Construction Materials * Nuclear Waste Containment * Ceramic Superconductors * Archeologically Significant Articles.


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Question: Mechatronics Systems of Autonomous Transport Vehicle

The purpose of this paper is to present the development and realization of the elaborate mechatronic systems, having its main application in the logistic industry. The innovative, patented steering system is its unique feature. The steerage is based on the torque difference between the drive wheels. This solution allows for the unlimited maneuverability during the motion of the vehicle.


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Question: Measuring Mutual Fund Performance

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We study standard mutual fund performance measures, using simulation procedures combined with random and random-stratified samples of NYSE and AMEX securities. We track simulated fund portfolios over time. These portfolios' performance is ordinary, and well-specified performance measures should not indicate abnormal performance. Our main result, however, is that the performance measures are badly misspecified. Regardless of the performance measure, there are indications of abnormal fund performance, including market-timing ability, when none exists.

It Isn't Luck The Playing Field: What Business Are You In? Strategies: How Do We Play? The Winning Team Leadership: Dr House, Frank Rijkaard and Pep Guardiola Human Resources: Good Criteria and Hygiene Reasons and Emotions on the Negotiating Table Innovation: Science and Art Back To The Future


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Question: Capecitabine – a Novel Oral Tumor-Activated Fluoropyrimidine

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Summary ::: The oral tumor-activated anticancer agent capecitabine is the first representative of a new class of cytostatics, the fluoropyrimidine carbamates. Capecitabine exploits the highe

Natural History of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Pathogenesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: Standards and Guidelines.- Assessing Treatment Results for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Urodynamic Assessment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.- Transurethral Incision of the Prostate.- Balloon Dilatation of the Prostate.- Prostate Urethral Prostheses.- Prostatic Heat Treatments.- Laser Prostatectomy.- ?- Adrenergic Blockade in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Flutamide and Aromatase Inhibitors in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.- Finasteride: A 5?-Reductase Inhibitor.


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Question: A technique for creating partial obstruction of the common bile duct in the rat

Partial obstruction of the common bile duct was produced in rats by tightly tying a 0·5 mm stainless steel rod to the proximal common bile duct. The rod was then removed from the ligature leaving a constriction around the duct. Within 2 weeks the bile duct proximal to the partial obstruction was markedly dilated. Liver histology was notable for marked proliferation of the interlobular bile ductules and minimal cholangitis, changes which are characteristic of partial obstruction.

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This report describes a technique to divert cerebrospinal fluid into the right atrium via the left axillary vein in a patient in whom other methods had been attempted without success.


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Question: Prime Higher Derivations on Algebras

Let A be an algebra. A sequence {dn} of linear map- pings from A into A is called a higher derivation if dn(ab) = P n k=0 dk(a) dn k(b) for each a,b 2 A and each nonnegative integer n. We say that a sequence {dn} of linear mappings on A is a prime higher derivation if dn(ab) = P k|n dk(a)d n k (b) for each a,b 2 A and each n 2 N. Giving some examples of prime higher derivations, we establish a characterization of prime higher derivations in terms of derivations.

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Examples:
Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', "Over 70 years on the throne, King Bhumibol Adulyadej is well known for his devotion to the wellbeing of the Thai people, especially the poorest and most disadvantaged. His Majesty performed as a role model in many ways of life. His Majesty, conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great in 1987, was the ninth monarch of Thailand from the Chakri Dynasty. Royal development projects have originated from His Majesty's extensive travel throughout the country. Those royal visits, both official and private, to all regions of the Kingdom have made the Royal Family deeply aware of the people's problems and conditions. King's projects are divided into many categories and carried out in every region of the country."]" Match: "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about.', 'King Bhumibol Adulyadej and his royal projects']"

MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


Question:
Represent the following document
Confirmation switch circuit and method

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A therapeutic agent described herein a switching operation delivery device. The therapeutic agent delivery device operated according to the embodiment comprises: a switch can be operated by a user; a device controller coupled to the switch via the switch input, wherein when certain predetermined conditions are met, the device controller may actuating device ; integrity sub-circuit and a switch, which is used to detect a failure or fault precursor.

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The present invention relates to a power supply control device and method for a convertible machine, according to the rotational state of the liquid crystal display with a digitizer is integrated with the display module, and also determines the laptop computer mode or a tablet computer mode as well, the determination result along, and selectively enabling Sikkim with each device required for this mode as well, by selectively starting / off the power to each device, a laptop computer mode and the tablet convertible computers that can be used, select the computer mode, in accordance with each mode, would be very useful to be able to effectively prevent the inventors that this as malfunction which waste the battery power is generated by the unnecessary device. Convertible computer, a laptop mode and a tablet mode, the computer, digitizer, rotary switch, a power switch, a display module


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Question: Coach management as innovative human resource management method

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During the technologies development era, human resource management is one of key positions in the enterprises activity. Management also has to answer the purpose of the company and carry out objectives. The innovative technique of human resource management and motivation of employees - couch-management is presented in this article.

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This paper deals with HR1 Management issues in a BI2 system. In a more precise way, we got interested in the motivational aspects of a BI system or how to increase employees’ motivation in such systems. The question asked in this paper is: which HR functi


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Question: Relationships between Job Stressors, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intent in the Assisted Living Sector of Long Term Care

Fundamental differences between assisted living facilities and nursing homes may prohibit the models of satisfaction and turnover developed in nursing home research from generalizing to assisted living facilities. The assisted living industry is growing rapidly, and many groups have voiced concerns about the staff turnover rate. As part of a training and education program, the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute collected data from the employees of assisted living facilities via self-administered questionnaires. Chi-square analyses were performed to determine if factors previously identified by nursing home literature had a significant relationship to job satisfaction. All of the factors examined showed a relationship to the job satisfaction item. In addition, employees who were not satisfied with their jobs were over 14 times more likely to report intentions to leave. These findings are used to suggest intervention strategies to reduce turnover.

Contents Preface * Health Care for the Aged: The Pursuit of Equity and Comprehensiveness * Health Economics, Old-Age Politics, and the Catastrophic Medicare Debate * Hospital-Based Long-Term Care Services for the Frail Elderly * Utilizing Client Experience in Developing New Service Delivery Models for Care of the Aged * Models of Intensive Case Management * Community-Based Long Term Care: The Experience of the Living at Home Programs * Integrating the Frail and Well Elderly: The Experience of Senior Centers * Discharge Planning: The Impact of Medicare's Prospective Payment on Elderly Patients * Adult Day Care Services for the Elderly and Their Families: Lessons From the Pennsylvania Experience * Reference Notes Included


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Question: ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN EUROPE

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARISON OF ACCIDENT STATISTICS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ARE DISCUSSED (ELAPSING OF UP TO 30 DAYS IN WHICH AN INJURED PERSON MAY DIE AND BE COUNTED AS A FATALITY; NON-STANDARD DEFINITION OF ACCIDENT CAUSES ETC). IT IS STATED THAT DESPITE THESE DIFFICULTIES, AN INCREASE IN FATALITIES AND PERMANENT INJURIES CAN BE DETERMINED. TABLES SHOW THE OCCURRENCE OF INJURIES AND FATALITIES IN 20 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES RELATED TO 1000 PERSONS INVOLVED IN ACCIDENTS DURING THE PERIOD 1955-1973. TRENDS ARE GIVEN FOR COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST ACCIDENT RATES AND THOSE HAVING A CONSTANT RATE. FOR 14 COUNTRIES THE AGE DISTRIBUTION OF INJURED ROAD USERS IS PRESENTED FOR 1972 AND 1973 AND COMPARED WITH THE YEARS 1965-1973. IT IS SHOWN THAT THE NUMBERS OF INJURIES AND FATALITIES INVOLVING MOPEDS AND CAR DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS HAVE INCREASED.

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8 ASUBTITLE: THE LOGISTICS CAREER TRACK MAY NO LONGER HEAD STRAIGHT UP THE CORPORATE LADDER: ECONOMICS AND QUALITY INITIATIVES MAY LEAD PROFESSIONALS TO THIRD PARTIES.


Question:
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E.g.
"['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Modelling T helper cell activation and development']" == "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'T helper (Th) cell activation and development is one of the most critical events in regulating the adaptive immune response. Understanding its regulation could be of great therapeutical value as ma ...']" != "["represent text\n\nFor example, 'Supravalvular aortic stenosis as a late complication of transposition of the great arteries is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported. We describe the case of a 14-year-old girl who developed supravalvular aortic stenosis as a late complication of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. The narrowed ascending aorta was replaced with a graft. The right pulmonary artery was transected to approach the ascending aorta which adhered severely to the main pulmonary trunk, and we obtained a good operative field.' should be close to 'Supravalvular aortic stenosis after arterial switch operation'", 'Summary: Affinity selection of antibodies during immune responses relies on two mechanisms, one molecular that involves the targeted introduction of somatic mutations into rearranged immunoglobulin genes and one cellular that involves the clonal expansion of B cells expressing a surface immunoglobulin with a higher affinity for antigen compared to their competitors. In this review we focus on the conditions for affinity selection during the establishment, expansion and memory phases of the immune response. We postulate that somatic mutation evolved prior to affinity selection and we present a model for selection of B cells in germinal centres. We also discuss the possibility that antibody repertoire shift occurs during the memory maintenance phase. Finally, we argue that a significant affinity selection and a selection for polyclonality of immune responses occur during this stage of the immune response.']"

Question: Research and application of natural nutritive black rice pigment

Natural nutritive black rice pigment was made by Wu gong black rice, which was bred by Agricultural College of Shanghai Jiaotong University.The pigment was produced by one rough processing and two refined processing (extruding technology and drying under low temperature), contains rich V B, Fe, Zn, P, Ca and crude fiber. This achievement was rewarded a nationala patent for invention and was applied in making noodles, cakes, pastries and dumplings. As a kind of health food, it can be added in the cooking rice or porridge. The results of the clinical food therapy showed that it had some effects on improving heme.

Fumigated with Chinese traditional medicines including bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae,lily and glycyrrhiza uralensis,functional snow pear chips were explored to improve the food therapy effect for human.The integrated puffing drying technique process for the snow pear chips were developed on the base of variable temperature and pressure by using vacuum puffing drying equipment.


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Question: Separation of Terpyridine Derivatives by High-performance Liquid Chromatography

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A method was proposed for the separation and determination of five tepyridine derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography.The separation was carried out on a Symmetry C18(3.9mm i.d.×150mm,5μm) column with methanol-water(8:2) as mobile phase and detection wavelength(280nm) in room temperature,isotropic elution.Measurement could be finished in 15min with a good linearity for samples concentration range from 0.1μg/mL to 400μg/mL and the relative standard deviation below 2.2%.This method is simple,efficient,and accurate.

1. Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 2. Polymerization Processes Catalyzed by Immobilized Metal Complexes 3. Specific Features of Catalysis by Immobilized Metal Complexes 4. Activation of Small Stable Molecules and Development of Catalytic Reactions Through the Participation of Immobilized Complexes 5. Hydrogenation Processes Catalyzed by Metal-Containing Polymers


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Question: Extending Cityringen – the challenges involved

In 2011 a contract was signed for the construction of Copenhagen's new metro line, Cityringen, which will connect 17 new underground stations in and around the centre of Copenhagen. To assist with ...

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Keep moving: Improving the mobility of older people. : An example of research collaboration in Europe.


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Question: Adaptive navigation of a high speed autonomous underwater vehicle using low cost sensors for low-altitude survey

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In order to get highly detailed information of seafloor with low-cost, the authors have been developing high speed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) using low cost scanning sonar. It is difficult to design the AUV navigation system functioning properly in various seafloor environment because the sonar echo levels from the seafloor are relatively weak and differ with the survey area. In this study, the authors propose the AUV navigation method adaptive to the various seafloor environment using reinforcement learning in which AUV learns how to move by itself online and test the algorism in a simulation.

Accurate tool placement is an essential element of tele-operated ship-hull mine neutralization. In this article we present a framework to analyze the stability of a UUV-mounted manipulator arm during neutralization. Our principal result is a relationship between rate of arm motion and minimum vehicle thrust required to maintain steadiness.


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Question: Balancing Mobile Solutions and HIPAA Concerns for Providers

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Addressing the privacy and safety concerns of mobile medicine should be as important as accessibility for today's medical providers.

How to Think About R&D Quality. Organizing for Quality in R&D. Measuring R&D Quality. Assessing R&D Quality Status. Intellectual Property Management Process Improvement. Implementing Quality in Research: A Case Example. Views and Lessons Learned at the Top. References. Index.


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Question: Effects of differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells (P19) on mitochondrial DNA content in vitro

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The embryonal carcinoma cell line P19 is derived from mouse teratocarcinomas. These pluripotent cells can be induced to differentiate into a variety of cell types by exposure to various drugs. We used retinoic acid to induce embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into neuronlike cells. In this study, we show that changes occur in mitochondria during differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells to neuronlike cells. We found that various morphologic parameters such as mitochondrial fractional area and mitochondrial size decrease as embryonal carcinoma cells differentiate into neuronlike cells. Similar changes were also observed in mitochondrial DNA content. Stereologic analysis of cell preparations provided a measure of mitochondrial fractional area per cell and mtDNA content was assessed by radiolabeled mtDNA probe. This study establishes that mitochondria are regulated as cells differentiate.

— An enzymic activity which catalyses the deamidation of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid has been found in the growth media of neuroblasts and glioblasts cultivated in vitro. Some properties of the crude nicotinamide deamidase from the growth medium of neuroblastoma M1 cells have been studied.


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Question: GIS, Visualization and Spatial Analysis for Major Hazards in Europe

SUMMARY The paper reports some recent developments made using GIS for mapping and visualizing major hazards in Europe. In order to support European policies and decision making relating to major hazards it is necessary to have an overview of the locations and types of the relevant hazards in the European Union and Candidate Countries. Such an overview should support the main technological hazards and natural hazards as well as the risk receptors which are considered to be of high priority, such as population and nature reserves. Owing to the different spatial and temporal characteristics of different hazards, and the different working traditions in the different countries, development of a fully comprehensive system is a complex challenge. A prototype system has therefore been set up to serve as a test-bed for methodology development. Example visualizations showing areas potentially susceptible to combinations of natural and technological hazards, and results of preliminary spatial analyses are reported.

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Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: Propolis with high flavonoid content collected by honey bees from Acacia paradoxa.

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Honey bees, Apis mellifera var ligustica, on Kangaroo Island, Australia, were found to collect propolis from the sticky exudate on the stem shoots and seed pods of an Australian endemic plant, Acacia paradoxa. Extracts of the plant stem shoots and seed pods, the propolis carried on the legs of bees and freshly collected propolis in hives contained major flavonoid components consisting of 2',3',4'-trimethoxychalcone, 2'-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxychalcone, 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone, 5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydroflavonol 3-acetate (pinobanksin 3-acetate) and 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydroflavonol 3-acetate, a substance not previously characterized. HPLC and (1)H NMR analyses of the propolis and plant extracts indicated smaller amounts of other flavonoids. A survey of propolis samples from 47 apiary sites widely distributed on Kangaroo Island showed that 15 samples from 6 sites were largely sourced from A. paradoxa.

Centridini bees are key pollinators of many wild and cultivated plant species, but data on their biology remain limited. An aggregation of nests of Epicharis nigrita was studied in an urban area du...


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Question: Brain Tumor Segmentation using Multiobjective Fuzzy Clustering

The segmentation of magnetic resonance images plays a crucial role in medical image analysis because it extracts the required area from the image. Despite intensive research, it still remains a challenging problem and there is a need to develop an appropriate and efficient medical image segmentation method. In this paper, we propose a clustering approach for brain tumor segmentation to diagnose accurately the region of cancer. Applied to magnetic resonance image brain our method provides better identification of brain tumor.

A. Filippidis, M. Russo, L.C. Jain: Novel Extension of ART2 in Surface Landmine Detection.- M. Blume: An Efficient Mapping of Fuzzy ART onto a Neural Architecture.- M. Blume, D.A. Van Blerkom: Fuzzy ARTMAP Modifications for Intersecting Class Distributions.- A.-H. Tan: Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory and Rules.- G. Bartfai, R. White: Incremental Learning and Optimization of Hierarchical Clusterings with ART-Based Modular Networks.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part I - Architectures and Algorithms.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part II - Applications.- T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips.


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Question: Ozone generation by micro-plasma devices: Feasibility study

Feasibility use of microplasma for ozone production has been investigated. Two different configurations of microplasma devices have been considered: atmospheric pressure micro-hollow discharge (MHD) and capillary plasma electrode discharge (CPED). Modelling of ozone formation and input energy distribution in microplasma devices have been performed and evaluated. Preliminary experiments confirm suggestion that microplasma devices may be used for improving the ozone concentration (g/Nm) and ozone yield (g/kWh) in pure oxygen and dry air, respectively.

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A review with 6 refs. The topics include plasma formation and characterization, mol. processes, plasma deposition, and plasma-activated catalysis.


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Question: Theoretical Results Concerning the Optics of Phytoplankton, with Special Reference to Remote Sensing Applications

By using Mie theory, computations on particle scattering have been performed for both non-absorbing and weakly absorbing spheres of various sizes, and for various values of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index. By combining these numerical data with different size distribution functions (assumed to be representative of phytoplankton populations and/or total seston populations), results are obtained concerning the efficiency factors for scattering and absorption, the backscattering efficiency and finally the spectral variations of these quantities in the vicinity of and inside absorption bands. If the anomalous scattering pattern, associated with anomalous dispersion, does not seem to occur for polydisperse systems (except for nanoplankton of very small size, say: dlt;5–8 µm), scattering is however clearly affected, i.e. depressed, by increasing absorption, in the size range of common algal cells.

47. Quantum Chemical Studies of Molecular Structures and Potential Energy Surfaces of Porphyrins and Hemes. 48. Models for the Electronic Structure of Metalloporphyrins from High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction and Ab Initio Calculations. 49. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Applied to Porphyrin Chemistry. 50. Molecular Simulations and Normal-Coordinate Structural Analysis of Porphyrins and Heme Proteins. 51. Resonance Raman Spectra of Heme Proteins and Model Compounds. 52. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Petroporphyrins. 53. Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Heme Proteins and Model Systems. 54. Mass Spectrometry of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins.


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Question: A simplified technique for prosthetic treatment of microstomia in a patient with scleroderma: a case report.

A simplified technique was used to treat a patient who had limited mouth opening as a result of scleroderma. Treatment included the construction of a three-piece, sectional maxillary partial denture and a one-piece mandibular complete denture.

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Glossectomy, or tongue reduction, is not commonly performed in Japan even though the proportion of patients with Class III skeletal pattern is higher among Japanese people than among Caucasians. The case reports on the ensuing pages follow three patients--one adult with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, another adult with Class III malocclusion, and a 10-year-old with Class III malocclusion and posterior crossbite--through treatment which included tongue reduction.


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Question: Radiation source for a sensor arrangement with inrush

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The present invention relates to a radiation source for an optical sensor arrangement and to a corresponding optical sensor arrangement. In order to reduce the stress of a radiation source formed by an incandescent lamp for a sensor arrangement in pulsed operation, and thus to increase the life span, without increasing the size and manufacturing costs excessive, the radiation source of the invention has a broadband light spectrum-emitting lamp (101) and a semiconductor switch ( V1) (V To reduce the peak current through the incandescent lamp (101) is disposed between a control terminal and a capacitor with the filament lamp connected to the first terminal of the semiconductor switch (C2), wherein the control terminal with the control signal via a first resistor (R1) is connected and the control terminal further via a second resistor (R2) or capacitor is connected to the reference potential.

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A method for determining the temperature of a wheel brake system of a brake system, wherein the current window temperature (T


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Question: Clouds of the polar middle atmosphere

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E.g. ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an under recognized, protean, multiorgan fibro-inflammatory condition of unknown aetiology that is defined by its unique histopathological features, that are fairly similar regardless of the affected organ. Patients with IgG4-RD also share certain clinical features: a tendency for formation of mass lesion(s), frequent elevations in their serum IgG4 concentration, as well as an excellent response to glucocorticoid treatment. The 3 key histologic features of IgG4-RD are: 1) dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, 2) fibrosis, arranged at least focally in a storiform pattern, and 3) obliterative phlebitis. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD requires both these characteristic histologic features as well as elevated numbers of IgG4 positive plasma cells. Neither elevations in serum IgG4 concentrations nor increased tissue IgG4-plasma cells are in themselves sufficient for the diagnosis, and histopathology remains the key to the accurate diagnosis of IgG4-RD.'] == ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Diagnostic guidelines for IgG4-related disease with a focus on histopathological criteria']

Clouds have been observed at great heights in the polar regions for a century or more. Recently this series of ground-based observations has been greatly extended by limb viewing satellite systems. A major result has been the discoveries of more pronounced, more pervasive cloud phenomena extending all the way across the poles themselves. This review focuses on the results of more than three years of observation and analysis of polar mesospheric (or noctilucent) clouds by the Solar Mesosphere Explorer satellite and team. We present an updated climatology of cloud radiances and occurrence frequencies using a conservative background removal process. We also review a quite recent study of cloud heights and show how relatively little variation occurs on all time scales investigated, except perhaps for differences between the hemispheres themselves.

. A new set of FMR lines observed after reducing for 45 min is the emphasis studied in this note.


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Question: Design and Laboratory Tests of the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) on the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Satellite

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We describe the design and laboratory tests of the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI), designed to measure thermospheric wind and temperature for the NASA-sponsored Ionospheric Connection (ICON) Explorer mission.

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Introduction 230 I. Investigation of the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays with Soviet Satellites and Space Rockets 230 1. Procedure 231 2. Chemical Composition of Cosmic Rays. Fluxes of Nuclei of Different Groups and Their Energy Spectra 234 3. Variations of the Flux of the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays and Nuclei of Solar Origin 249 II. Use of Artificial Satellites and Rockets to Investigate the Primary Cosmic Radiation 260 4. Nuclear Component of Galactic Cosmic Rays 260 5. Solar Cosmic Rays and High-latitude Cutoff 262 6. Electron-positron Cosmic-ray Component 263 Literature 266


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Question: Tissue-specific tumour suppression by APC.

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One question that has been central to the study of the Apc gene is why the Apc gene is mutated so frequently in colorectal cancer but relatively infrequently in other tumour types. This chapter reviews recent data obtained in mice after conditional deletion of both copies of the Apc gene from adult epithelial tissues with particular focus on the intestinal epithelium. These data suggest that a major reason for the frequent mutation of Apc in colorectal cancer lies in the distinct character of the intestinal epithelium where Apc loss leads to a progenitor-like phenotype. Thus intestinal enterocytes lacking Apc escape the two major selective constraints that usually prevent cells from becoming cancerous in the intestine: they fail to differentiate and fail to migrate so are not sloughed off into the intestinal lumen.

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e21022Background: Primary & secondary prevention have not reduced the rising melanoma mortality in the US and Europe. We reported STAT3 activation in A/DN and IFNa modulation of STAT3 in A/DN in me...


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Question: Iron oxide catalyst at the modified glass fiber support for selective oxidation of H2S

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Abstract The novel iron-oxide based glass-fiber catalysts (GFC) for the H 2 S selective oxidation uses the support in form of the glass microfibrous fabric, premodified by external layer of secondary porous SiO 2 support. The specific activity of FeOx-SiO 2 /GFC catalyst per unit mass of active component exceeds that of the similar conventional Fe 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst by more than an order of magnitude due to the more dispersed state of active component in the GFC (1–2 nm compared to 15–30 nm in conventional catalyst). The proposed GFC also looks advantageous in terms of mass transfer efficiency and easy scale-up.

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The inner wall of a narrow-bore aluminum tube was successfully oxidized to give a thin alumina wall by electrolysis. A Cu-Zn-loaded alumina-wall tube reactor afforded high performance in the steam reforming of CH 3 OH to supply H 2 .


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Question: Morphological transformation of a germanium layer grown on a silicon surface by molecular-beam epitaxy at low temperatures

Multilayer Si/Ge nanostructures with germanium layers of different thicknesses are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at low temperatures (<350°C) and studied using photoluminescence and atomic force microscopy. It is found that the germanium layer undergoes a morphological transformation when its thickness becomes equal to approximately five monolayers: an island relief transforms into a smooth undulating relief.

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InP deposition by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on implanted substrates has different qualities according to the damage density of the substrate surface induced by the bombardment. For low damage densities, the layer deposited is monocrystalline. For middle damage densities, the deposition is composed of nuclei. For high damage densities, there is no deposition on the implanted surface, and in this case, we observe a material transport. By using the ion implantation technique in conjuntion with metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, it is possible to have selective area growth of InP.


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Question: Patterns of differential migration in white-throated sparrows evaluated with isotopic measurements of feathers

We used stable isotope techniques to investigate differential migration in the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)), a short-distance migrant in North America, to clarify hypotheses about patterns and consequences of migration tactics. Sparrows staging in Manitoba, Canada, exhibited sex-biased differential timing of spring arrival and latitude of wintering origin. Specifically, females arrived later and originated from more southern latitudes. Furthermore, there was a negative relationship between wintering latitude and arrival dates of individuals, although this relationship was only present during the second spring of the study, since atypical cold temperatures were associated with a pulse of late-arriving sparrows during the first spring. The negative correlation between wintering latitude and arrival date was also present within males, suggesting that the distribution of males on wintering areas could have carry-over effects to reproduction. This study demonstrates poten...

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The constraints of bioenergetics on the ecology and distribution of vertebrate ectotherms were quantified. During this project we conducted studies: to determine the role of incubation temperature on the post-hatching growth rate of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina; to establish the rate of energy expenditure of the slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, in the field; to determine the field metabolic rates, body temperatures and selected microclimates of the box turtle, Terrapene carolina, and to measure the effect of diet type on the consumption rate, digestion rate and digestive efficiency of adult T. scripta. We also completed our research on the three-dimensional bioenergetic climate space for freshwater turtles.


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'['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'A systematic method for optimizing the electron beam hardening process']' == '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The objective of this study was to identify the significant conditions to provide electron beam surface hardening of heat treatable carbon steel. Computer modelling to determine the dependence of surface hardness and hardened layer thickness on the electron beam energy density is presented. Using swept line electron beam hardening in an installation developed for carrying out experiments on surface hardening, the experimental results were in good agreement with those from calculations and confirm that it is impossible to assess the hardened layer thickness and uniformity or to find the most suitable processing conditions by measuring the mean value of surface hardness only. The detailed investigation of cross-sections is indispensable. The experimental design applied in this paper has proved to be a useful statistical tool for optimizing electron beam surface hardening.']' != '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'We solve the direct problem of mathematical modelling as it applies to the shaping part of autocompensation systems implementing the principles of combined control of radio-signal amplitude.']'

Question: Preservation method for high-oil-absorption resin

A preservation method for preparing acrylate-type oil-absorption resin through a suspension polymerization method includes the steps of: after the suspension polymerization of an acrylate monomer, filtering a product through a fine mesh gauze and a nylon wire mesh, washing the product for several times in hot water being 60-90 DEG C until residual monomer is removed, and filtering the product, crushing the product in a crushing machine provided with a liquid nitrogen refrigeration system into granules in 80-150 meshes, and adding 200-500 parts by mass of water and 1-10 parts by mass of an isolating agent to 100 parts by weight of the resin granules with uniform mixing to form a thin film layer on the resin by means of the isolating agent, thereby blocking adhesion between molecules of the resin granules, and finally performing high-speed centrifugal spray drying. The method enables the resin granules to be dispersed uniformly, wherein the resin granules are free of adhesion even after one year.

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Provided: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'We introduce a new class of continuous distributions called the transmuted exponentiated generalized-G family which extends the exponentiated generalized-G class introduced by Cordeiro et al. (2013). We provide some special models for the new family. Some of its mathematical properties including explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, generating function, Renyi and Shannon entropies, order statistics and probability weighted moments are derived. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by maximum likelihood. The flexibility of the proposed family is illustrated by means of an applications to real dataset.']" Match: "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'The Transmuted Exponentiated Generalized-G Family of Distributions']"

Siloxane resin composition obtained by mixing a propyl silsesquioxane resin and MQ siloxane resin is disclosed. These siloxane resins various personal, use in automotive and Medical Care, in particular, useful as a resin additive in pigmented cosmetic formulations.


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Question: Beamforming and signal extraction in multipath with mobile antenna arrays

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By exploiting the motion that occurs in mobile communications and using antenna arrays, we propose signal acquisition and beamforming methods that are applicable even in multipath rich environments. It is shown that the time-averaged correlation matrix of the resulting nonstationary signals is resistant to coherent interferences and is particularly useful for subspace methods and beamforming. Examples demonstrating the performance of the proposed methods are also shown. >

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In this paper we present preliminary experimental results demonstrating the ability of the multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm to suppress the mutual-interference generated by shared-spectrum radar signals, thus enabling shared-spectrum radar. The MAPC algorithm, a waveform diversity technique wherein multiple known transmitted waveforms are adaptively pulse compressed using reiterative minimum mean-square error (RMMSE) estimation, has been shown to successfully suppress both range sidelobes and interference from multiple radars operating in the same spectrum. In this paper, we present initial experimental results from the adaptive pulse compression (APC) test bed that demonstrate the ability of MAPC to mitigate both the mutual interference from multiple radars and pulse compression range sidelobes when applied to measured data.


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Question: Interface Design for the Changing Organisation

Within the Organisational Semiotics (OS) perspective, software systems should be designed as part of the whole organisation in which it will be embedded. As organisations are in continuous change, the technical information systems should also be changing in line with their organisation’s informal and formal information systems. From the Software Engineering perspective, the difficulties of solving this problem are well known: changes in information systems are usually associated with high costs and its maintenance may cost more than the initial development. While literature in Computer Supported Co-operative Work (CSCW) acknowledges the importance of proposing approaches to deal with this issue, it also acknowledges that we are far from having this problem solved. In this paper we propose a norm driven environment for the system interface configuration, as a way of dealing with the complexity of allowing changes in the system as the organisational norms change.

Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Hot spot Mali: serval in the Sahara

What many observers do not appreciate is that northern Mali forms part of the Sahara: an internally coherent social-political and cultural space with a long history of internal political struggles and alliances. National borders within this space are politically disputed and create opportunities for smuggling, but do not in any way restrict the movement of goods or people, allowing fighters to easily move from country to country, with or without the tacit support of state organizations.

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A collection of enquiries into the unexplained and the bizarre from the readers of The Guardian, which includes: the goldfish with a really long memory; the mark of the beast; the final berth of Noah's Ark; imaginary refrigerators; and the surgeons who operate on themselves.


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"['Represent this text', 'CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISEASE REQUIRING CARDIAC AND PULMONARY SURGERY.']" == "['represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title:', 'Abstract Our views regarding appropriate selection, pre- and postoperative management and overall care of patients who are severe respiratory risks, but who require major cardiac or pulmonary surgery, are presented. Mention is made of some of the methods which may be utilized in evaluating these patients preoperatively, and a program of prophylaxis and treatment before, during and after surgery is outlined. Several illustrative case reports are included.']" != "['represent this text', 'Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.']"

Question: Study of the polymerization step of the rolling circle replication of peach latent mosaic viroid

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Fewshot example: "['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Cysticercosisis a common tropical disease. One of the uncommon manifestations and a rare complication is its disseminated form. Here we report a patient who presented with the history of headache, vomiting, convulsions and altered sensorium. On examination found to have multiple non tender nodular lesions palpable over muscles of limbs and subcutaneous tissue of the body. CT and MRI of brain, whole body screening, Biopsy and histopathology of subcutaneous nodules, Serology all reports were suggestive of cysticercosis. Patient was diagnosed as a case of disseminated cysticercosis (DCC) and treated accordingly.']" == "['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'A rare case of disseminated cysticercosis']"

Summary. We have developed an in vitro transcriptional assay using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to initiate the replication of peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd). Regardless of the polarity of the PLMVd strand used as template, initiation in vitro occurred at the same hairpin structure. These initiation sites correspond to the 5′-ends of two small (280 nt) PLMVd-related RNAs found in infected peach leaves. Using a series of truncated PLMVd-derived transcripts, we have demonstrated that the viroid domain composed solely of the self-complementary hammerhead sequences is sufficient to trigger polymerase-driven replication in vitro. These data suggest that the bacterial-like RNA polymerase from peach chloroplasts catalyzes PLMVd replication.

A tomato Aspermy Virus (TAV-B) served as a helper virus for multiplication and encapsidation of satellite RNAs which were isolated from two different CMV isolates, D and K. These two satellite RNAs induced renarkable attenuation of TAV symptoms in infected tobacco, which was correlated with a reduction of virus content in the plant. The CMV satellite RNAs also caused lethal necrosis in TAV-infected tomato as in the case of CMV system.


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Question: Influence Depth of Unloading During Pit Excavation

In the design and calculation of the excavation engineering, the influence depth of unloading is usually determined based on experiences. In this work, a large number of unloading stress path experiments are performed to simulate the stress propagation process in the passive zone at the bottom of the foundation pit. Vertical deformation and the change in the horizontal stress are analyzed. The method for estimating the unloading depth in the excavation engineering is presented by analyzing relationship between the unloading ratio and the rebound strain and horizontal stress. The result is useful in excavation engineering.

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Introduction Soil Properties and Lateral Earth Pressures Excavation Methods and Supporting System Lateral Earth Pressure Stability Analysis Stress and Deformation Analysis - Simplified Method Stress and Deformation Analysis - Beam on Elastic Foundation Method Stress and Deformation Analysis - Finite Element Method Dewatering of Excavations Design of Structural Components Excavation and Protection of Adjacent Buildings Monitoring System


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Question: Revamping Mathematics Education: An Active Learning through Lab Activities

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Active learning is a form of learning that requires student to reflect and apply in solving problems. It is more students centric and often involves peer learning. Today revamping of mathematics education is the major requirement for all kinds of development of the nation so it is essential demand that mathematics education should be provided to all type of students of the country; in which maths lab activities playing important role for revamping mathematics education. Mathematic laboratory is a part of formative assessment in form of activities and project.

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Question: Integrating behavioral and social science research into microbicide clinical trials: challenges and opportunities.

It has been argued that rigid thinking about the types and progression of research needed to evaluate health promotion interventions has stymied the process by which research is translated to action. This argument is particularly salient in the field of HIV/AIDS prevention.We examined microbicide research and identified challenges that obstruct the integration of clinical trial and behavioral and social science research, thereby reinforcing linear programs of research. We found that behavioral and social science research can both support microbicide clinical trial performance and anticipate the information most needed for a rapid and successful introduction of future microbicide products.

Psychotherapy with HIV-infected persons. -- Medical overview of HIV infection. -- Neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV infection. -- Psychopharmacological interventions in HIV infections. -- Substance abuse in AIDS: the need for mental health services. -- The many faces of AIDS: opportunities for intervention. -- AIDS risk in the chronically mentally ill: clinical strategies for prevention. -- Legal, ethical, and public policy issues. -- HIV infection and the mental health clinician: future directions.


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Question: Pharmacological Studies on Elemene and the Clinical Application

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Objective:To summarize pharmacological studies on elemene and its clinical application. Methods: According to the articles at home and abroad, choose the substance of the academic value or utility value, summarize clinical study results. Results and Conclusion: Elemene is a new anti-cancer drug, it shows great promise.

Automated Membrane ::: Reactors for the Early Process Development of Enzyme Promoted ::: Bioconversion


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Question: Local seismic systems for study of the effect of seismic waves on rock mass and ground support in Swedish underground mines (Zinkgruvan, Garpenberg, Kiruna)

Three local seismic systems were installed by August 2015 in deep underground mines in Sweden – Zinkgruvan Mine (Lundin Mining AB), Garpenberg Mine (Boliden AB), and Kiirunavaara Mine (LKAB) as par ...

P341 Identification of Carbonate Complexes under Flysch Cover Using MT and Gravity Methods M. Wojdyla* (PBG Geophysical Exploration Company) T. Czerwinski (PBG Geophysical Exploration Company) M. Stefaniuk (AGH University of Science and Technology) & P. Targosz (PBG Geophysical Exploration Company) SUMMARY The study area is located in the central part of marginal zone of the outer Carpathians in Poland. Exploration works in the area are concentrated on autochthonous Miocene sediments and sedimentary complexes of Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks that build the orogen basement. The reflection seismic imaging of those complexes is difficult because of thickness of the flysch cover increasing


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Question: The molecular basis of cutaneous aging

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Identification, prevention and reversal of age-related changes in the appearance and function of human skin remain goals of great interest to scientists, dermatologists and patients. In recent decades, the cellular and molecular changes that underlie cutaneous aging have been substantially elucidated. These data suggest that cutaneous aging, like aging in the body generally, results, in part, from a telomere-based genetic program, cumulative DNA damage and repair, oxidative damage, altered proteolysis and energy metabolism and changes in transcription factor-driven gene expression. In animal models, modulation of these events can delay or even reverse aging by many criteria. The resulting insights are likely to revolutionize the prevention and therapy of cutaneous aging.

Triosephosphate isomerase is the fifth enzyme in glycolysis and its canonical function is the reversible isomerization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Within the last decade multiple other functions, that may not necessarily always involve catalysis, have been described. These include variations in the degree of its expression in many types of cancer and participation in the regulation of the cell cycle. Triosephosphate isomerase may function as an auto-antigen and in the evasion of the immune response, as a factor of virulence of some organisms, and also as an important allergen, mainly in a variety of seafoods. It is an important factor to consider in the cryopreservation of semen and seems to play a major role in some aspects of the development of Alzheimer's disease. It also seems to be responsible for neurodegenerative alterations in a few cases of human triosephosphate isomerase deficiency. Thus, triosephosphate isomerase is an excellent example of a moonlighting protein.


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Question: DC/DC converter circuit with zero-current soft switch

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Zero-current soft switching DC invention / DC converting circuit is a conventional rectifier output comprises an inverter, a transformer, rectifier and filter in the DC / DC converting circuit access auxiliary circuit, the auxiliary circuit comprises an inductor, capacitor , auxiliary switch and freewheeling diode and a diode, the diode antiparallel with the auxiliary switch, one end connected to the positive voltage terminal of the inductor, the other end of capacitor, the other end of the inductance of the output of the rectifier, the output capacitance of the secondary side of the transformer the other end of , between the contact and the secondary side of the transformer and the inductance of the auxiliary switch across the diode connection. Work using auxiliary circuit for zero-current soft switching, greatly improving work efficiency.

This paper presents the simulation of new shoot- through control methods for double stage quasi based Dc/Dc converters with high frequency step- up isolation transformer using matlab Simulink. The major goals are increase efficiency and also increase the stage of Quasi. The new shoot- through technique is used for inversion purpose this reduces the un equal switching frequencies of transistor in double stage quasi.


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Question: Design of Automatic Splicing Production Line of Boarding Box

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Automatic splicing production line of boarding box was designed through investigation of enterprises data analysis.The automatic splicing production line further reduces costs and improves efficiency of wood sideboard production.

Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: Research on CCDs Online Detection Based on Sequential Similarity Detection Algorithms

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A new image mosaic method was put forward to meet the real time requirement of online detection.RGB channels of image were calculated separately and sequential similarity algorithm was applied to find the position of matched image and offset distance.Experiment result showed that the method has high detection speed and high precision,which can meet the requirement of online detection.

Introduction.- Analog Signals Conditioning and Discretization.- Selected Methods of Signal Filtration and Separation and their Implementation.- Selected Active Power Filter Control Algorithms.- Digital Signal Processing Circuits for Digital Class D Power Amplifiers.- Conclusion.


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Question: Notice of Retraction An empirical analysis on the performance of working capital management of listed companies in China

The paper applies descriptive statistics, pooled least squares, parametric and non-parametric test to systematically analyze the performance of working capital management of Chinese listed companies from 2000 to 2009. A significant difference in performance of working capital management is noticed between firms in difference industries and difference areas, which is mostly attributable to industry and area difference rather than difference in operational history. In general, 22.2% of the variance in cash conversion efficiency and 13.6% of the variance in days of working capital can be explained by industrial classification. Under the control of industry characteristics, 4% of the variance in cash conversion efficiency and 6% of the variance in days of working capital can be explained by area dummy variables.

Constructive suggestions are raised in this paper in view of the problems in the course system of the specialty of package engineering.


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Question: Embedded Traffic Control System Using Wireless Ad Hoc Sensors

This paper deals with designing an embedded traffic control system using wireless ad hoc sensor. In this paper we discuss the details regarding the information about how the ad hoc sensors are used, how they are addressed, where they are located and how it is communicated to the central processing unit. it includes implementation of the central processing unit which is used to collect information on vehicle density from the sensors and open the traffic with respect to the density of the vehicle (traffic).

Part 1: Application Mapping and Communication Infrastructure: Virtualization in NOCs--Enhanced MPSOC Robustness and Performance Verification.-HW Support to Exploit Parallelism in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Multicore System-on-Chip.-PALLAS: Mapping Applications onto Manycore.-Part 2: Reconfigurable Hardware in Multiprocessor Systems: Adaptive Multiprocessor System on Chip Architecture.-Designing FPGA Systems with Many Processors.-Part 3: Physical Design of Multiprocessor Systems: Design tools and methods for chip physical design.-Challenges in Physical Design for Multi- and Manycore Hardware Architectures.


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Question: Löwner equations and dispersionless hierarchies

Using the Hirota representation of dispersionless dKP and dToda hierarchies, we show that the chordal Lowner equations and radial Lowner equations respectively serve as consistency conditions for one-variable reductions of these integrable hierarchies. We also clarify the geometric meaning of this result by relating it to the eigenvalue distribution of normal random matrices in the large N limit.

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Abstract Vibrational control is a non-classical control principle which proposes utilization of zero mean parametric excitation of a dynamical system to achieve control objectives. The present paper is devoted to the development of vibrational control theory of nonlinear infinite dimensional systems described by parabolic partial differential equations (PDE’s). Conditions of vibrational stabilizabi1ity of nonlinear parabolic PDE’s by linear multiplicative vibrations are given. An example of vibrational stabilization of unstable PDE’s is presented.


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Question: The Impact of Children on Australian Couples’ Wealth Accumulation

Existing estimates of the cost of children focus on what parents spend on their children, which has limited relevance to parents’ financial capacity to meet those costs. An alternative indicator of the affordability of children, their impact upon couples’ wealth accumulation, is estimated using the lifecycle model and Australian household panel data. The results suggest children have a very small impact upon wealth accumulation, seemingly at odds with the large ‘costs’ implied from expenditure-based estimates. In reconciling these highly divergent estimates we argue that the net-wealth approach is an intuitively more appealing indicator of the financial impost of children.

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Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


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Question: Physical microhabitat effects on 3‐dimensional spatial variability of the hydrobiid snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum

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Abstract We studied how sediment size and current velocity affect epi‐ and endobenthic spatial variability of the hydrobiid snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, on New Zealand's South Island. A multi‐stream survey showed that P. antipodarum densities were lowest on gravel and highest on cobbles, and that densities on stones and sand were comparable. Sand patches were associated with the lowest current velocities, which likely enhanced the suitability of this microhabitat for snails. Snail densities in sample reaches (averages 19 to 442 individuals/m2) sharply declined at current velocities above c. 15cm/s, suggesting a velocity‐density threshold. A colonisation experiment conducted in a slow‐velocity run revealed that more P. antipodarum use subsurface sediments than surface sediments, and that frequency of subsurface use may be habitat‐mediated. Approximately 80% of snails on gravel, pebbles, and cobbles used subsurfaces, whereas only c. 50% of snails in sand occupied subsurfaces. A laboratory flume experime...

Eighteen species of gastropods were encountered living near and within the large coastal swamps, mangrove forests, intertidal flats and the rocky shore of the Cameroonian coast of the Atlantic Ocean. These represent members of the subclasses Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda, and Heterostropha. Within the Neritimorpha, representatives of the genera Nerita, Neritina, and Neritilia could be distinguished by their radula anatomy and ecology. Within the Caenogastropoda, representatives of the families Potamididae with Tympano-tonos and Planaxidae with Angiola are characterized by their early ontogeny and ecology. The Pachymelaniidae are recognized as an independent group and are introduced as a new family within the Cerithioidea. Littorinimorpha with Littorina, Assiminea and Potamopyrgus as well as Neogastropoda (Thais) and Heterostropha (Melampus and Onchidium) are described and compared with representatives of the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific province.


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Question: CO2 condensation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in a mini-channel space condenser

Abstract We present the flow condensation heat transfer characteristics of CO 2 in a mini-channel condenser. The condenser consists of seven tubes in parallel, which are thermally connected to two aluminium base-plates by using thermal glue. At saturation temperatures ranging from −5 °C to 15 °C, with mass velocities of 180, 360 and 540 kg/(m 2 s), respectively, and average vapour qualities from 0.2 to 0.8, we obtained the CO 2 condensation heat transfer coefficients, ranging from 1700 to 4500 W/(m 2 K). We compared the measured heat transfer coefficients with those predicted by the established correlations, and found that Thome’s was applicable to the condenser under investigation, with deviation less than 30%. We also discussed the measured pressure drop over the condenser, which increased with the mass velocity and the vapour quality, but decreased with the saturation temperature.

To improve the performance of an adsorption system for cooling applications, a novel integrated adsober/evaporator configuration made of a bellows structure was described. A two-bed adsorption system arrangement using the bellows adsorber and zeolite 13X/water working-pair and related mathematical analysis was also presented. Results of computer modelling and experimental tests of various operating and performance parameters of the system including operating temperature and pressure in the adsorbent bed, mass transfer, COP and SCC were discussed.


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Question: A Reputation-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in the Presence of Malicious Byzantine Users

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Spectrum sensing (either cooperative or non-cooperative) is the key enabling technology to identify unused (free) frequency bands in dynamic spectrum access contexts. We propose a reputation-based cooperative spectrum sensing method that, improving the sensing performance of self-organizable networks, allows the detection and further rejection of all those malicious users that implement Byzantine attacks. The performances of our method are evaluated in terms of detection probability of the primary user, and in terms of the number of both correctly identified attackers and discarded honest users. The simulation results show the robustness of our method in detecting several kinds of Byzantine attacks, outperforming the (blind and non-blind) conventional approaches.

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Shared-Path Protection for Resource Efficiency.- Sub-Path Protection for Scalability and Fast Recovery.- Segment Protection for Bandwidth Efficiency and Differentiated Quality of Protection.- Survivable Traffic Grooming-Dedicated Protection.- Survivable Traffic Grooming-Shared Protection.- Survivable Virtual Concatenation for Data Over Sonet/Sdh.


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Question: Virginia Woolf and the Professions

1. The ethics and aesthetics of medicine 2. Virginia Woolf, amateurism and the professionalisation of literature 3. Reconfiguring professionalism: Lily Briscoe and Miss La Trobe 4. Translating the fact of the professions into the fiction of vision: The Years and Three Guineas 5. A balancing act: Between the Acts and the aesthetics of specialisation.

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For instance, <<['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', "With the applying of 《Stock law》every business of our stock market has come to a new stage of legal sytem and standardizing Among these the stock agenly business plays an important role,which is the main source of the stock dealers'profit.So we should seart a overall series thought about how to push the market in agency business from scientific angle in orden to increase the competitive abitity of the stock dealers."]>>  to <<['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract', 'Examine the Development of Stock-owner Agency Business at Angle of Promoting']>>

Introduction Fielding, Grub Street, and Canary Wharf Coleridge and the Uses of Journalism De Quincey and the Edinburgh and Glasgow University Circles Journalism, Scholarship, and the University College London English Department Darke conceits: Churton Collins, Edmund Gosse, and the Professions of Criticism Literature, Propaganda, and the First World War: The Case of Blackwood's Magazine 'Crimes of Criticism': Virginia Woolf and Literary Journalism The TLS and the Second World War, and How to Fill Some Gaps in Modern British Cultural History The Critic as Anti-Journalist: Leavis after Scrutiny Saving Lives: Kenneth Tynan and the Duties of Dramatic Criticism 'Between the Saxon Smile and the Yankee Yawp': Problems and Contexts of Literary Reviewing in Ireland What We Don't Talk About When We Talk About Poetry: Some Aporias of Literary Journalism Teachers, Writers Living on Writing Notes on Contributors Index


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Question: One-pot synthesis of dihydrobenzisoxazoles from hydroxylamines, acetylenedicarboxylates, and arynes via in situ generation of nitrones

Aryne [3 + 2] cycloaddition with nitrones generated in situ from the addition of hydroxylamines to acetylenedicarboxylates affords moderate to good yields of dihydrobenzisoxazoles. This reaction extends the current scope of aryne cycloaddition to include in situ generated nitrones and produces functionalized dihydrobenzisoxazoles with a quaternary center.

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Titanocene chloride efficiently promotes the intramolecular reductive cross coupling of highly functionalized 4-oxiranyl-aldehydes and 4-oxiranyl ketones derived from readily available hexoses affording branched cyclopentitols with good stereoselectivity.


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Question: Identifying early signs of peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus.

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This article aims to help nurse practitioners develop a best practice algorithm to identify the early signs of peripheral neuropathy (PNP) among individuals living with diabetes mellitus. This literature review also seeks to determine if there are better clinical testing methods than the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination to detect diabetes-related PNP.

Background ::: This exploratory study reports the prevalence of lipohypertrophy (LH) in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients attending a private tertiary hospital in Mumbai, India, and explores the factors associated with this condition.


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Question: Fuzzy Evaluation on Operation State of Composting Plant

Operation state of composting plant was evaluated by using evaluation theory of fuzzy math,which not only overcame the unilateral trait of single or few guidelines,and reflected its characteristic involving multi-factor,multi-variable and multi-layer,but also embodied its fuzziness.

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Introduction of Structure, Working Principle, Performance, Test and Application of MBG Leaf Filter.


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Question: Compressive elastic modulus and its relationship to the structure of a hydrated starch foam

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Abstract The elastic modulus of a hydrated starch foam was evaluated from indentation and compression tests. After using an appropriate correction factor, based on specimen aspect ratio and Poisson’s ratio, the indentation elastic moduli were found to be identical to the compressive ones. Image analysis showed that the foam possessed a non-periodic but self-similar texture, with a fractional dimension ( FD ) of 1.89±0.07 for cell numbers and 2.41±0.16 for areal mass of cell wall solids. The relative modulus exhibited a power law dependence on relative density. This dependence was corroborated from microstructural considerations of the scaling behaviour of the elastic properties according to a weak-link regime theory. The theory was deemed apt for starch foam, since the underlying microstructure of the cell walls of the foam is comprised of swollen starch spherulites sintered by a linear polymer (amylose) that is exuded from the spherulites during processing.

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Rheological properties of aerosil suspensions in chitosan solutions and the effect of the fi ller content of these suspensions and mechanical activation on the strength and sorption capacity of aerosil-chitosan fi lms produced from these suspensions were studied.


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Question: Design, construction, and load testing of a large scale helicopter deployed spar buoy

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Outlines the mechanical development of an aircraft deployed spar buoy, which was designed to serve as a moored stable platform for use in scientific studies. Design considerations, analysis and construction techniques are presented. The use and results of material and structural testing and evaluation will be discussed. The feasibility of helicopter deployment of large scale spar buoys will be examined. >

Abstract : Test and development activities were conducted in the following nine areas: (1) Evaluation of a breadboard multiplexing system driving a fly-by-wire actuator; (2) Evaluate actuation system of six-degree of freedom motion base; (3) Evaluation of general purpose actuator test stand;; (4) Various design concepts were explored for the improvement of branch isolation techniques; (5) Evaluation of a Vickers Inc. integrated servopump actuator package; (6) Investigation of limit cycle characteristics of a General Electric 666A actuator; (7) Literature search and recommendation for a laboratory contamination measurement system choice; (8) Fabrication of a portable flow measurement stand and (9) Design and fabrication of a transducer range and balance panel.


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Question: Meta-Transformations in Systems Integration: The Concept and the Use

The paper introduces formal definition of a general ::: meta-transformation, designed to describe transformation ::: relationships between pairs of semantically similar database ::: objects. The general meta-transformation is applied to typical ::: schematic heterogeneities in multidatabases, resulting in a ::: collection of specific meta-transformations to be utilised in ::: various data integration processes.

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Systems: Origin and Evolution, Terms and Concepts. Systems and Complexity. Systems and Measurement. Systems and Modeling: Diagrams and System Identification. Systems View of Management and Organizations. Systems Approach to 'Problem Solving'. Systems Theory in International Relations. Systems Models of Dynamic Processes. Quantitative Cybernetics. System and Model Decomposition. Systems Science: Making Sense of the Philosophical Issues. Index.


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Question: FFT-Based Network Coding for Peer-to-Peer Content Delivery

In this paper, we propose a structured peer-to-peer (P2P) distribution scheme based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) graphs. We build a peer-to-peer network that reproduces the FFT graph initially designed for hardware FFT codecs. This topology allows content delivery with a maximum diversity level for a minimum global complexity. The resulting FFT-based network is a structured architecture with an adapted network coding that brings ﬂexibility upon content distribution and robustness upon the dynamic nature of the network. This structure can achieve optimal capacity in terms of content recovery while solving the problem of last remaining blocks, even for large networks.

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Question: Linkage analysis in unconventional mating designs in line crosses

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Linkage estimation and genetic map construction with genotyped DNA markers in plants preferentially employ a few maximally informative early-generation or recombinant-inbred mating designs. Fitting their recombination models to unconventional designs adapted to cultivar development (series of backcrossing, selfing, haploid-doubling, random-intercrossing, and sib-mating steps) distorts single- and multipoint linkage estimates even with dense marker coverage. Two methods are provided for correct linkage estimation in unconventional designs: fitting a correct multigeneration model, or correcting the estimates produced by fitting a one-generation model with any conventional software. These methods also support calculation of multilocus genotype frequencies and QTL-genotype distributions and are available in software.

We applied three versions of the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) for detecting linkage in nuclear families using the a priori information of possibly present association. For our analyses we employed all marker data for a simulated trait. Results for replicate 11 showed significant linkage to D1G024 using the multiallelic Tmhet statistic and the extended TDT. The TDT for the most frequent parental allele which had been applied successfully in previous studies failed to detect linkage. This result may have happened because the data did not arise from a realistic simulation of the evolution of a real population, where mutations might be expected to occur against a specific haplotype. Simulation studies are required to elucidate the applicability of the TDT for the most frequent parental allele in realistic situations. Furthermore, guidelines have to be developed for how to pool categories in large, sparse contingency tables to obtain larger cell frequencies and lower degrees of freedom.