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Question: Genetic Diversity of Rice vampireweed (Rhamphicarpa fistulosa) Populations in Rainfed Lowland Rice in West Africa

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Rice vampireweed belongs to the Orobanchaceae and is found in Africa and Australia. It is a hemiparasitic weed of lowland rice genotypes and causes losses of 40 to 100% of rice grain yield. Our study addressed the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed in Benin and Senegal. The specific objectives of this research were to study the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed accessions in Benin and Senegal and the relationship between the different genotypes of rice vampireweed through agroecological areas. To achieve these objectives, the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed accessions using the AFLP technique was studied. Based on our results, dendrogram classification has distinguished four different genetic groups. The populations of Benin and Senegal are genetically diverse. Substantial genetic differentiation (GST) exists among agroecological areas within Benin and Senegal (GST = 0.17). The high genetic diversity of rice vampireweed in Benin and Senegal presents a challenge for the development of resistan...

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P. Day and M. Strauss, Part I: Summary: J.E. Thorpe, G.A.E. Gall, J.E. Lannan, C.E. Nash, and B. Ballachey, The Need to Manage Fish and Shellfish Genetic Resources. Human Interventions and Genetic Risks. The Conservation of Genetic Resources through Risk Management. Status of Aquatic Genetic Resource Management. References. Appendix. Part II: Management Studies: J.E. Thorpe and L. Stradmeyer, The Atlantic Salmon. D. Hedgecock, The Cupped Oyster. G.W. Wohlfarth, The Common Carp and Chinese Carps. A.E. Eknath, The Nile Tilapia. References. Subject Index.


Question: represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about

Question: Effect of different metal-backed waveguides on amplified spontaneous emission

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"['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Automobile traffic, industrial processes and natural phenomena cause notable air pollution, including gaseous and particulate contaminants, in urban centers. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution affects human health, and has been linked to respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The mechanisms underlying inflammation in these diverse diseases, and to what extent health effects are different for PM obtained from different sources or locations, are still unclear. This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of ambient course (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter collected at seven sites in the urban and periurban zones of Quito, Ecuador. Material from all sites was capable of activating TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways, with differences in the activation related to particle size. Additionally, airborne particulate matter from Quito is an effective activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome.']" == "['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Particulate matter air pollution from the city of Quito, Ecuador, activates inflammatory signaling pathways in vitro']"

We investigate the effect of a metallic electrode on the ability for poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) film to undergo amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The threshold of the device with Ag cladding is about 10 times greater than that of a metal-free device, but metal such as Al completely shuts off ASE. The ASE recurs when a thin spacer layer, such as a few nanometers of SiO2, is introduced between the MEH-PPV film and the Al cladding. Compared with the Cu or Al electrode, the Ag cladding is most suited to serve as an electrode with its low optical loss due to its high work-function and reflectivity.

A nanostructured chalcogenide-metal optical fiber is proposed. This hybrid nanofiber is embedded with a periodic array of triangular-shaped deep-subwavelength metallic (or semiconductor) nanowires set up in a bowtie configuration. Calculations show that the proposed nanostructured fiber supports a guided collective plasmonic mode enabling both subwavelength field confinement and extreme nonlinear light-matter interactions. A scheme is also proposed whereby the large linear absorption losses are compensated via nonlinear optical gain when semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes are used in place of metal.


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Question: Drive system for an automobile.

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A drive system for an automobile comprising an internal combustion engine (12), a drive chain, at least one vibration damping device (34). A control device (54) for controlling operation of components of the drive system (10) and a sensor speed (64) for generating a signal speed representing the number of revolutions of the combustion engine internal (12). The control device (54) is configured to, in a starting phase of the internal combustion engine (12), remove one on the same until the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine (12) detected by the sensor number speed (64) is higher, a speed resonance or range of number of revolutions of resonance, which is expected excitation of resonant vibrations of at least one damping device of vibrations (34). Figure 1.

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A method for estimating the temperature of a Trockengutcharge in a treatment chamber of a clothes dryer.


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Question: Cardiovascular effects of "Fansidar" (an antimalarial drug) in anaesthetized cats.

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The effects of Fansidar on systemic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and carotid artery occlusion of anaesthetized cats have been investigated. Fansidar decreased the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures in a dose-related manner. The drug also reduced the left ventricular systolic pressure and heart rate in a similar fashion. Relatively moderate to high doses (greater than or equal to 0.4 ml/kg ml/kg i.e. 80 mg/kg sulfadoxine and 4 mg/kg pyrimethamine) of Fansidar decreased, but did not completely abolish the response due to carotid artery occlusion.

Shwartzman's reaction was elicited in four Chinchilla rabbits. Two of the animals were tranquillized with fentanyl-fluanisone (Hypnorm: Janssen Pharmaceuticals). There was a reduced response in the tranquillized rabbits while the untranquillized animals developed the typical dose-responsive skin reaction. Fentanyl-fluanisone tranquillization may interfere with the development of the Shwartzman reaction in Chinchilla rabbits.


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Question: Using BLSTM for Spotting Regular Expressions in Handwritten Documents

This article concerns the spotting of regular expressions (REGEX) in handwritten documents using a hybrid model. Spotting REGEX in a document image allow to consider further extraction tasks such as document categorization or named entities extraction. Our model combines state of the art BLSTM recurrent neural network for character recognition and segmentation with a HMM model able to spot the desired sequences. The BLSTM has also been evaluated for spotting without the use of the HMM stage, providing a 100 % precision system. Our experiments on a public handwritten database show interesting results.

represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper E.g. ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'The XenServer Engineering team has just released a new guide that provides advanced design and best practice information about networking. The 89 pages of this ...'] == ['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Paper: Advanced XenServer Networking Guide']

Getting Started Creating and Building a Database Building Up Your Command Library Creating Reports and Labels Variables Writing Simple Programs and Beyond Writing Simple Programs Writing Menu Programs Additional Functions and Commands Advanced Applications Putting It All Together Appendixes Index.


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Question: Vectorization and parallelization of the acoustic boundary element code BEMAP on the IBM ES/3090 VF

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Abstract A boundary element method code for acoustic analysis, called BEMAP, is described along with the process of vectorizing and parallelizing this code for implementation on the IBM ES/3090 vector parallel computer.

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This report summarizes experience gained during the last year using the NEC SX-8 at HLRS and its wide range of competitors: commodity clusters with Infiniband interconnect, massively parallel systems (Cray XT4, IBM BlueGene L/P) and emerging many-core many-threaded CPUs (SUN Niagara2 processor). The observations are based on low-level benchmarks and the use of an advanced lattice Boltzmann flow solver developed in the framework of an international development consortium (ILBDC).


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Question: Remediation of heavy metals from soil using quartz sand functionalized with organic amino silanes

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The results of the research studies concerning the binding of heavy metals (HMs) by quartz sand functionalized with amino silanes have been described. The studies have been carried out on soils sampled from the areas affected by emissions from Copper Smelter and Refi nery. The research aims to increase the food safety in the areas of industrial impact. The presence of polyamine chain in the hybrid materials obtained enables a binding of heavy metals (nickel, copper, cobalt). The best results are observed for the hybrid material having four amine groups (four coordination centers) per molecule. For this material the highest content after two extraction cycles (pH 7.0 and 5.0) is observed for copper (98.2%), but for other ions (nickel, cobalt) it is at least 85% of the initial amount of components available for plants.

Abstract Best recovery of nickel was obtained with dimethylglyoxime-loaded polyurethane foam, but the most stable foam for repeated absorption and recovery of nickel was found to be polyurethane loaded with α-benzildioxime dissolved in tributyl phosphate. Applications to the removal of nickel from industrial effluents are described.


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Question: [The influences of hyperbaric oxygen (OHP) on the normal inner ear of guinea pigs. Simultaneous registrations of cochlea microphonics (CM) and nerve potentials (AP) (author's transl)].

Guinea pigs were treated with 3 bar oxygen pressure in a hyperbaric chamber and CMs and APs were simultaneously registrated. The results depended on the kind of the usual anesthesy. If nembutal i.p. was used, the CMs and APs had been increased significant shortly after oxygen pressure reached 3 bar (CMs increased more than APs). If urethane i.p. was used, the CMs and APs increases not so significantly. These results are traced back to the different effect of the both anesthetic drugs on the blood flow in the brain. Oxygen toxicity in the inner ear was observed after OHP of 3 bar more than 30 min but only by APs. The CMs didn't show any signs of oxygen toxicity under the same conditions during 60 min and more.

UNLABELLED ::: In present study cochlear function was evaluate in young chronic renal failure (CRF) patients using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). ::: ::: ::: THE AIM OF STUDY ::: (a) objective assessment of cochlear function in CRF children, (b) establishing best parameters of ipsilateral stimulation in DPOAEs (DP-gram format) for clinical use. Hearing acuity was assessed in 19 CRF children and 18 healthy children. At first pure tone audiometry and tympanometry were evaluate. Only patients with normal middle ear condition and hearing threshold better than 30 dB HL were put forward further investigations. Objective assessment of cochlear function included DPOAEs using DP-gram format. Our results reviled significantly lower mean DPOAE amplitudes in CRF children when compare to healthy children, at all frequencies measured. Most optimal DP-gram parameters in clinical use seems to be level L1 and L2 equal respectively: 65 and 60 dB SPL; 63 and 55 dB SPL; 59 and 45 dB SPL.


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Question: Stereoselective inhibition of chloride transport by loop diuretics in pancreatic beta-cells.

The effects of loop diuretics on 36Cl- uptake was tested in isolated beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets. Bumetanide reduced the 36Cl- influx and the levorotatory form of ozolinone reduced both the influx and equilibrium content of 36Cl- in the islets, whereas the dextrorotatory form was largely inactive. The data suggest that the beta-cells are equipped with a loop diuretic-sensitive system for 36Cl- uptake and that this system is confined to a sterically well-defined structure.

Purpose ::: We investigated whether gefitinib, an anticancer agent, inhibits phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis and choline uptake by alveolar epithelial type II cells.


Question: Common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia L.) as a model for understanding community organization in the phyllosphere

OF THE DISSERTATION ii DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x Chapter

Abstract Thomas, J. R., D. J. Gibson (Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509), and B.A. Middleton (National Wetlands Research Center, Lafayette, LA 70506) . Water dispersal of vegetative bulbils of the invasive exotic Dioscorea oppositifolia L. in southern Illinois. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 187–196. 2005.—Riparian corridors promote dispersal of several species of exotic invasives worldwide. Dispersal plays a role in the colonization of exotic invasive species into new areas and this study was conducted to determine if the invasiveness of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (Chinese yam) is facilitated by secondary dispersal of vegetative diaspores (bulbils) by water. Since seed production of this plant has not been observed in the United States, bulbils represent the only means of dispersal to new habitats. Dispersal was monitored by placing aquatic traps, tethered bulbils, and painted bulbil caches in a tributary of Drury Creek, Giant City State Park, Illinois. Result...


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Question: Domestic tourists to Sardinia: motivation, overall attitude, attachment, and behavioural intentions

AbstractUsing place attachment theory, we test a conceptual model that postulates tourist motivation, overall attitude, and place attachment as significant predictors of tourists’ intentions to recommend a destination. Existing studies fail to evaluate the influence of both motivation and overall attitude on place attachment. The conceptual model is tested on a sample of 275 domestic visitors to the island of Sardinia, Italy. The results show that motives such as socialization, novelty and learning, and escape and relaxation have positive relationships with overall attitude and place attachment. Both overall attitude and place attachment are significant predictors of intention to recommend. The findings have several theoretical and managerial implications for destination marketing and the development of place attachment.

This study suggests strategic approaches to the sport market by analyzing the effects of sport participants’ personality on motivations participated...


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E.g. ['represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract', 'Secretion expression and activity assay of thrombopoietin in Pichia pastoris'] == ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'Thrombopoietin (TPO) heterologous gene can be integrated into Pichia pastoris chromosome by integrative expression plasmid generating genetic stale secretion expression strain. By using secretive signal peptide MFalpha, the related sequence of Kex2 cleavage site was modified and redesigned using for secretion expression in the expression system successfully. Western-blot analysis showed that the positive band with about 66 kD molecular weight was recognized by TPO antibody. Yield of expression was about 0.1g/L. Analysis for amino acid sequences showed that the result was consistent with what was designed. Activity assay indicated that expressive product could significantly stimulate formation of colony forming unit of megakaryocyte (CFU-Meg) of mice in vitro.'] != ['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The GAG types of the rat bone marrow erythroblastic islands were found to be similar to those of human macrophages. Activation of erythropoiesis with the erythropoietin induced an expression of heparin-sulfate.']

Question: ARPA IPTO. Experimental Packet Radio System Design Plan. Appendix

Abstract : Contents: Routing and Acknowledgement Schemes for the Packet Radio System; System Capacity and Data Rate Considerations; Radio frequency Channel Capacity Considerations; Measurement Program for Packet Radio Channel Characterization; Dynamically Allocated Multiple-Channel Network Concept; Notes on Radar Test; Modulation Waveform Types; Synchronization Preambles; Impact of Channet Options on Repeater Design; Power Budget Analysis; Powers Sources for Repeaters and Terminals; Criteria of Code Selection in Minimum Shift Keyer Sense; and Microprocessor Components.

MGH Guides. CD 824 Diagnostic Methods and Clinical Processes in Reading and Writing Disorders. Home.


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Question: An Arctic development strategy? The North Slope Inupiat and the resource curse

ABSTRACTAlaska’s North Slope region has been seen as an exception to the resource curse. Observers of the first 20 years of oil development have viewed its effects as positive for the local Indigenous communities. Yet the recent decline of North Slope oil production and the collapse of oil prices threaten the local government’s major revenue source. Taking a long-term perspective, this article asks if the strategic choices made by North Slope institutions provide some hope of avoiding the resource curse.

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Introduction: on the origins of 'sustainable development' 1. The rise of international conservation and post-war development 2. Parks and poverty in Africa: conservation, decolonization, and development 3. 'The world's most dangerous political issue': the 1972 Stockholm conference and the politics of environmental protection 4. When small seemed beautiful: NGOs, appropriate technology, and international development in the 1970s 5. Leveraging the lenders: the quest for environmental impact statements in the United States and the World Bank 6. Conservation for development: the World Conservation Strategy and the rise of sustainable development planning 7. The persistence of old problems: the politics of environment and development at the Rio Earth Summit Conclusion: the limits and growth of NGOs.


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Question: [Parenteral administration of low dose ketamine for the treatment of neuropathic pain in cancer patients].

In three patients, a 52-year-old woman with skeletal metastases from bladder carcinoma, a 54-year-old man with metastasised thyroid carcinoma and a 40-year-old man with a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, neuropathic pain developed that could not be alleviated adequately by patient-controlled opioid administration. It is known that ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can improve opioid-induced analgesia. Pending invasive therapy, the three patients were given a continuous low dose of parenteral ketamine (2-5 micrograms/kg/min). The pain in the first two patients responded so well to ketamine that they decided to waive the invasive pain treatment and to continue the ketamine infusion at home until death. In the third patient, the addition of ketamine resulted in an adequate level of analgesia during the waiting period for invasive treatment with an intrathecal catheter.

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Oxycodone is widely used to alleviate moderate-to severe acute pain, It is an effective analgesic for many types of pain, and is especially useful for paroxysmal spontaneous pain, steady pain, allodynia associated with postherpetic neuralgia, and it is also increasingly used in the management of cancer-related and chronic pain, oxycodone has been found to improve the quality of life of patients with many types of pain. ::: ::: In 2011, following chemical and physical manipulation, an extended-release form of oxycodone was developed in order to maintain its rate-controlling mechanism. This new formulation significantly improved analgesia among patients with moderate-to-severe chronic osteoarthritis pain with an adverse event profile similar to that of other opioids. The long-term safety and efficacy of extended-release form of oxycodone in relieving moderate-to-severe chronic pain has been demonstrated. In this study we discussed about different aspects of this drug in managing of various types of pain.


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Question: Vocational and Academic Education and Political Engagement: The Importance of the Educational Institutional Structure

It is hardly disputed that educational institutions carry responsibility for the education of democratic citizens through the enhancement of civic and political engagement. Despite the wealth of studies on civic and citizenship education, scholars have not yet examined the relevance of national educational institutional factors. This study examines to what extent elements of national educational systems, in particular early tracking and a vocational orientation, are related to political engagement of young adult citizens. Using pooled European Social Survey data collected between 2002 and 2012 from 24 European countries, and examining electoral participation, political interest, and political activism, it is shown that people educated in vocational programs had lower levels of political engagement than people educated in general/academic education. Moreover, these differences were greater in strongly tracked educational systems relative to comprehensive/untracked systems. These results suggest that educat...

Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


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Question: Dreams Tell the Brain True Stories

True dreams are a vivid reflection of pseudo-telepathy. The discussion around pseudo-telepathy goes back to more than 60 years ago when the question whether “persons acting as ‘agents’ could transfer their thoughts to the minds of sleeping ‘subjects’ and influence their dreams” was posted. The previous chapter provided evidence supporting the neuroscientific aspect of such a phenomenon. In the present opinion, entanglement is explained as its physical basis.

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"['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'The damage to and corrosion phenomena of outdoor zinc castings and promising protective coatings were investigated. The sculptures exhibit various surface corrosion products e.g. Zing oxide, carbonates and sulphates in basic chlorides. Also nitrate and phosphate were found in the corrosion crusts. Copper-plated zinc objects show corrosion pittings caused by galvanic local elements. The tearing of soldering joints, the corrosion of inner iron armatures, micro and macro fissures in the zinc sheets and grain coarsening or intercrystalline corrosion of the metal support the destabilisation and corrosive destruction of the figures. Laboratory stress tests of coating formulated for the application on zinc showed acrylics on air abraded or brushed surface and polyurethane resin on air abraded surface as the material with good conservation properties.']" == "['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Conservation of cast zinc sculptures in outdoor exposure']"

Introduction Innocence Lost Family Matters In the Gym and Boardroom Higher Learning Coming to America Something Old, Something New Bibliography Index


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Question: Exploration of Teaching Reform of the Course of Descriptive Geometry in Architecture

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On the basis of the research on the status quo and problems about the teaching of the course of Descriptive Geometry in architecture,the paper demonstrates the new direction and goals of the teaching of such course.The course of Descriptive Geometry emphasizes the teaching of human nature and architectural features and enhances students′ spatial thinking intuition training.It increases the number of geometry teaching content which meets building physical combination rules and strengthens the role of computer-aided instruction.The course system of Descriptive Geometry is more responsive to the evolving requirements of architecture through the teaching reform and practice.

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Building Capability in the use of Communication Media and Computer Networks for Students in International Business ::: Project aims


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Question: ABSOLUTE EMISSION CROSS-SECTIONS IN COLLISIONS BETWEEN AR+ AND HE, NE

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Abstract The emission spectra of ArI, ArII, NeI, NeII and HeI have been measured and the emission cross sections of ArI, ArII, NeI, NeII and HeI are presented.

THE HISTOLOGICAL CROSSCUTS OF RABBIT VENINS PROVED THAT THE ::: HIGHER THE APPLIED THERMAL ENERGY PER 1 CM THE QUICKER THE ::: FIBROTIC CHANGE OF THE VEIN OCCUR WITHOUT DANAGING THE ::: PERIVASCULAR STRUCTURES.


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Question: Improved microwave performance in transistors based on real space electron transfer

Experimental results on an improved type of transistor based on real space electron transfer are presented. Microwave measurements through 25 GHz show an extrapolated fT of 60 GHz and a measured fMAX of 18 GHz. These gain‐bandwidth products are approximately twice as high as any previously reported for this relatively new class of device. This improvement in performance results from a novel device design which incorporates a doped, pseudomorphic InGaAs channel, a GaAs collector drift region, and a collector‐up structure.

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Using Sn-I-Sn-I-Sn-I-Sn triple tunnel junctions, some spatial inhomogeneous states in superconducting tin films were observed under strong phonon injection.


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Question: Analysis of Deng Xiaoping's Thought of Party's System Construction

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The position of party and the situation party faces makes the work of party building necessity and urgency but how to strengthen party' building from the foundation is the center of the work.Deng Xiaoping's exploration of system building of party and further dealing with the issue from essential aspect is a great breakthrough compared with the method of party building in the past and contains important function of enlightenment for the party how to deal with party buliding from the system aspect at present and in the future.

Translator's Preface Introduction 1. Japan's "Sole Road for Survival": The Range of Views Within the Guandong Army over the Seizure of Manchuria and Mongolia 2. Transforming Manchuria-Mongolia into a Paradise for Its Inhabitants: Building a New State and Searching for State-Building Ideals 3. Toward a Model of Politics for the World: The Banner of Moral State Creation and the Formation of Manzhouguo Politics 4. "The Long-Term Policy of National Management Will Always Be in Unison with the Japanese Empire": The Paradise of the Kingly Way Stumbles and the Path Toward the Merging of Japan and Manzhouguo 5. Conclusion: Chimera, Reality, and Illusion Afterword Interview: How Shall We Understand Manchuria and Manzhouguo? Appendix: On the Historical Significance of Manchuria and Manzghouguo Chronology on the Modern History of Manchuria and East Asia Notes Index


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Question: Neuroretinitis: Update on a visual emergency and role of technology in its diagnosis

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Neuroretinitis is one of the forms of optic neuritis characterized by swelling of optic nerve head and adjoining retinal nerve fiber layer resulting in a macular star configuration. The underlying pathophysiology involves increased permeability of disc vasculature, but the etiology is not fully defined. Neuroretinitis may occur due to an infectious process involving the disc, a postviral or autoimmune mechanism or sometimes idiopathic. Technological advances like ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp examination, fluorescein angiography, magnetic resonance imaging and immunodiagnostic tests all come handily and are often imperative in making an accurate diagnosis. Conditions mimicking neuroretinitis include papilledema, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and infiltration of the optic disc by tumor and systemic hypertension. Neuroretinitis is usually a self-limited disorder with a good visual prognosis. Treatment of neuroretinitis is required only when there is an underlying infectious or inflammatory condition.

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We present a 40 year old man who was admitted to the hospital with convulsions. His final diagnosis was osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). We discuss the diagnostic and management challenges and the possible complications of this rare diagnosis.


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Question: Cosmetic for hair and treatment

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PURPOSE: To obtain a cosmetic for hair capable of making hair smooth and maintaining a hair style. CONSTITUTION: This cosmetic composition for hair comprises is a stable microdispersion constituted of at least one silicone contained in a substrate basically composed of a dispersion of a wax in an aqueous medium and a dispersion phase composed of particles having <500nm dimension. The particles are basically composed of a wax or a wax mixture, the wax or the wax mixture has a melting point higher than 60°C and lower than 100°C and is capable of forming the microdispersion. The composition comprises 1-40wt.% of a wax and a sufficient amount of at least one emulsifying agent. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO

Women one cycle contraceptive therapy encompasses in menstruating continuously administered during the potent sulfatase inhibiting pro guest 1 cycle length of Gen contraception on effective and breast protective dose in the absence of estrogen administration contraceptive method comprising the step of applying to disclose.


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Question: GE plans test of next-gen CT dose software

GE Healthcare announced at RSNA 2009 an effort to develop the next generation of software designed to cut patient x-ray dose from CT.

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Use of an ultrasonic flowmeter has demonstrated its feasibility for the transmission of indicators to a computer network.


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Question: Human leukocyte antigen-A, -B, -C tissue types in patients with middle ear cholesteatoma.

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Two series of consecutive, nonrelated patients with middle ear cholesteatoma verified by operation were tissue typed for human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) in order to demonstrate any associations. The first series (102 patients) showed only a possible increase of HLA-B8 and HLA-A2. Because HLA-B8 is one of the antigens most often involved in associations with organ-specific autoimmune diseases, and because of the close relationship between HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3, the second series (48 patients) was tissue typed for these two antigens. This second series showed a similar increase of HLA-B8/DR3, but the difference was not statistically significant.

A 63-year-old Japanese woman with advanced lung adenocarcinoma developed isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related hypophysitis following 8 months of nivolumab therapy. Prompt corticosteroid replacement therapy effectively relieved her secondary adrenal insufficiency symptoms and allowed her to pursue nivolumab therapy, which had been effective for the control of lung adenocarcinoma. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing revealed the presence of the DRB1*04:05-DQA1*03:03-DQB1*04:01 haplotype, which is associated with susceptibility to autoimmune polyglandular syndrome with pituitary disorder in the Japanese population. This case suggests that genetic factors, such as HLA, contribute to the development of endocrinopathies induced by ICIs.


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Question: Investigation of within-bales variability of stickiness measurement

Cotton stickiness is a serions problem for many producing countries. In Sudan, 1000 bales of the 1996 production WERE selected and sampled to study the feasibility of a bale stickiness classification. Sixteen thousand samples tested on the Sticky Cotton Thermodetector show that within-bale variance increases with the mean. Statistical investigations show that the distribution of sticky points for certain bales is over-dispersed with respect to the Poisson distribution. Fitting of' Negative binomial distribution was studied, but the dispersion parameter seems to be dependent on the mean. This law will therefore be difficult to apply. (Resume d'auteur)

By the multiple regression analysis method, an estimate has been made of the effect of the basic parameters of needle-punched FMAS on their air permeability.


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Question: Effect of chlorine implantation on oxidation enhanced diffusion of phosphorus in silicon

It is shown that chlorine implantation in silicon reduces the phosphorus enhanced diffusivity in oxidizing atmosphere (both dry O2 and steam) at 1000 and 1100 °C. On the contrary, no change has been evidenced on the diffusivity in inert ambient. Cl implantation is shown to be effective also in avoiding the formation of oxidation induced stacking faults. These effects can be explained hypothesizing a direct interaction between chlorine atoms and silicon self‐interstitials, which reduces the interstitial excess produced by oxidation. Furthermore, it has been observed that the presence of chlorine in silicon enhances the oxidation rate both in dry O2 and in steam atmospheres.

The use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize thin silicon films formed by laser recrystallization using different capping layers, thin silicon films formed by plasma deposition, and thin films of tungsten silicide formed by rapid thermal annealing is reported.


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Question: Simple discussion on crack of brick and concrete structure building

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The article introduces the causes of prkxlucing crack of brick and concrete structure building, raises crack phenomenon and the imagination of common wipe crack.

in the paper the several methods that audio play is introduced, characteristic and realization of function API in designing audio playing are shown.


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Question: REIMPLANTATION OF A HUMAN EMBRYO WITH SUBSEQUENT TUBAL PREGNANCY

A human embryo in transition between a morula and blastocyst after culture in vitro was reintroduced into the mother's uterus via the cervix. The resulting pregnancy was closely monitored and was found to be located in the oviduct. The ectopic embryo was removed at 13 weeks gestation.

Abstract : Partial Contents: THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER BRIGHT LIGHT CONDITION ON THERMOREGURATOLY RESPONSES TO HYPERTHERMIA, ADENOSINE AND DOPAMINE AS NEUROMODULATORS IN HYPOXIC HYPOTHERMIA IN CONSCIOUS RATS, ROLE OF PREOPTIC AREA IN LPS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL FEVER IN THE TOAD BUFO PARACNEMIS, TYMPAMC TEMPERATURE REACTION TO THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTHOMAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED BY CELLULAR PHONE, CAN FINGER DEXTERITY BE MAINTAINED WITH LOW FINGER BLOOD FLOW?, MECHANISMS OF HYPOXIA-INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA, NIGHT FEEDING OF GROWING CATTLE IN HOT SUMMER RELIEVES HEAT LOAD AND INCREASES GROWTH EFFICIENCY, OCCUPATIONAL ACCLIMATISATION TO ROT HEAVY WORK IN AUSTRALIAN BUSHFIRE FIGHTERS.


Question: Variable carbon isotope ratios of Dudleya species growing in natural environments

Measurements are reported of carbon isotope ratios of Dudleya species growing in natural plant communities. Considerable variation in the δ13C values are interpreted as indicating substantial flexibility of the photosynthetic pathways between C3 and CAM. The variability in photosynthetic pathway was in response to genetic factors, stage of plant development, life-form, and environmental conditions. Species active during drought periods have less carbon isotope fractionation than species that are summer-dormant. Summer-active species from drier habitats have less negative δ13C values than those from more mesic sites. On the same plant, leaf tissue had more negative δ13C values than tissue from the inflorescence. The less negative carbon isotope ratios are indicative of an increased proportion of exogenous CO2 fixed in dark vs light. The ecological significance of these results is discussed.

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Blue-green algae, including species of Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Microcystis, and Nostocaceae were isolated from green sand associated with Hudsonia tomentosa. Green sands were consistently found in the buried phyllosphere and rhizosphere of Hudsonia and on the surface to varying depths under Hudsonia plants. Organisms in these sands fixed nitrogen at maximum rates of 1 nmol C2H4∙g soil−1∙h−1. Seasonal variation in rates was largely explained by optima of 30% soil water content and 28 to 33 °C soil temperature. Green sands were not associated with any other vascular plant at the study sites. The results suggest a preference of free-living blue-green algae for Hudsonia which may relate to the ability of this dwarf shrub to colonize nutrient-poor sand sites, such as blowouts and sand dunes in the Pinus banksiana – lichen woodlands of northeastern Alberta.


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Question: Gypsy Justice versus Gadjé Law: Interrelations of Difference

Rather than any classical contrast and comparison, the article demonstrates interrelations of differences with emphasis on agency and external institutions of law enforcement as a resource. The non-Gypsy (gorgio)/ individual or group system is often used to settle internal disputes among Traveller-Gypsies. The outsiders' system, while representing centuries of sedentarist and racist persecution, may be open to manipulation. The Traveller-Gypsies additionally have relatively independent, appropriate means of settling conflicts. Hitherto, this detailed material, with case studies from fieldwork in England, has been withheld for a safe passage of time. It may have become even more relevant to cross cultural studies of law and order.

Introduction 1. Narrative Trajectories: A Doll's House and Antigone 2. Ritual translocations: Kim Kum Hwa and Warlpiri Women 3. Layering Spice: Staging and Remembering 'Home' 4. Intercultural Bodies: Meetings in the Flesh 5. Intercultural Markets: The Female Body and Censorship Bibliography


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Question: The Hope for American School Reform: The Cold War Pursuit of Inquiry Learning in Social Studies

Recension de: Evans, R., W. (2011): The Hope for American School Reform: The Cold War Pursuit of Inquiry Learning in Social Studies, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 280 pp.

Contents: Part I:The Foundation for Reform. The New Liberal Arts. Media Education and Technology. The New Professionalism and the University: A Blueprint for Renewal. The New Professionalism and the Media Practitioners: A Blueprint for Reconstruction. Part II:Building for Reform. Frameworks for the Enriched Major. Building Toward the New Professionalism. Teachers and Students on the Front Line of Reform. Accountability and Accreditation.


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Question: A Comprehensive Merging Scheme in Collaborative Spectrum Detection

In this paper, we propose a novel comprehensive merging scheme in collaborative spectrum detection (CSD) to achieve better throughput performance, considering the diversity of the reporting channels. Unlicenced users (UUs) with good reporting channel quality transmit quantized self observation statistics to detection center (DC), and others report their self judgements. DC makes the final judgement by carrying out comprehensive merging. The closed-form expressions of throughput and detection performance is obtained in the proposed comprehensive merging scheme. The simulation shows that the comprehensive merging scheme can achieve better throughput performance than hard merging scheme or soft merging scheme.

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Shared-Path Protection for Resource Efficiency.- Sub-Path Protection for Scalability and Fast Recovery.- Segment Protection for Bandwidth Efficiency and Differentiated Quality of Protection.- Survivable Traffic Grooming-Dedicated Protection.- Survivable Traffic Grooming-Shared Protection.- Survivable Virtual Concatenation for Data Over Sonet/Sdh.


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Question: A Novel Features Extracting Technique Useing Location in Face Recognition

In PCA for the face recognition technique, computing the eigenvalues of the image matrix is the first step. Then these eigenvalues are sorted in descending order. A certain number of vectors, which correspond with these eigenvalues, are chosen by descending order and regarded as features of the face. Furthermore, these features show the whole image's characters. There are differences between the image's features and the face's. In this paper, a novel method based on face facial features specific positioning is proposed. This method consists of four steps: i) Locating the eyes and the middle line of the face, ii) Finding the areas of five sense organs by the face's symmetry, iii) Dimension reduction to each selected area using PCA, iv) Creating the transformation matrix for SVM classification. The recognition rate of this method is higher than the old method's. This suggests that these features from new method are more representative the real face features than old method.

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A. Filippidis, M. Russo, L.C. Jain: Novel Extension of ART2 in Surface Landmine Detection.- M. Blume: An Efficient Mapping of Fuzzy ART onto a Neural Architecture.- M. Blume, D.A. Van Blerkom: Fuzzy ARTMAP Modifications for Intersecting Class Distributions.- A.-H. Tan: Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory and Rules.- G. Bartfai, R. White: Incremental Learning and Optimization of Hierarchical Clusterings with ART-Based Modular Networks.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part I - Architectures and Algorithms.- C.P. Lim, R.F. Harrison: ART-Based Autonomous Learning Systems: Part II - Applications.- T. Serrano-Gotarredona, B. Linares-Barranco: Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips.


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Question: Drug treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The aim of this article is to review therapeutic agents that are currently being developed for cardiac obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and examine them in the context of how they may influence disease progression. Developing disease-modifying agents for COPD has been identified as a priority by the World Health Organization, and the migration of inflammatory cells, the inflammatory response, antiproteases and mucociliary clearance have all been identified as viable targets for treating the disease.

Background: Hemoptysis is a common presenting symptom and cause of hospitalization in the department of respiratory diseases. In a number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmon


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Question: Chaos-based image compound encryption and multi-level information-hiding algorithm

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This essay has brought forward one kind of the image compound encryption algorithm which is based on chaotic mapping and gray substitution,and have adopted one-dimension logistic chaotic sequences to confuse the image ranks respectively,and has combined with gray substitution.The algorithm possesses high security.An new DCT-based information-hiding algorithm is proposed by making use of Human Visional System’s(HVS) character,and choosing the appropriate modulus after image frequency region varies,adjusting it’s odd-even mantissa,to reach the purpose,and to expand it to multi-level information-hiding technology based on other varying region,the experiments testify it has possessed the merit of high capacity,strong robust and drawing blindly.

A wavelet transform digital image watermark scheme combined with zerowatermark is given.It takes the advantage of the zero-watermark scheme,which has a good robustness against the image processing,and the image watermark scheme in the wavelet-domain has more persuasion.The experiment results show that the scheme has a good performance in the image processing such as filtering,additive noise,compression and cropping.


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Question: Reflection ordering on the group G(m,p,n)☆

Abstract In our previous paper [J.Y. Shi, Formula for the reflection length of elements in the group G ( m , p , n ) , J. Algebra 316 (1) (2007) 284–296], we get a closed formula for the reflection length functions on the reflection group G ( m , p , n ) with p ∈ [ n ] and p | m . In the present paper, we introduce a partial ordering, called reflection ordering, on the elements of G ( m , p , n ) . By applying this formula, we give an explicit description for the reflection ordering on the groups S n and G ( m , 1 , n ) , m > 1 .

In the note we prove that the elemet number of t he quotient ring R=Z/(m+ni) of the Gauss integral ring is m 2+ n 2.


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Question: Curative effect of combined treatment of tanreqing injection and cefoperazone-sulbactam for community acquired pneumonia

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Objective To observe the curative effects and safety of the combined treatment of tanreqing injection and cefoperazone-sulbactam for community acquired pneumonia(CAP).Methods Seventy-eight cases of CAP were divided randomly into treatment group(40 cases)and control group(38 cases).The control group was treated with cefoperazone-sulbactam,while combined treatment of tanreqing injection and cefoperazone-sulbactam were taken in treatment group.The total treatment course was 10 days.Clinical efficacy,bacteriological efficacy and safety were evaluated after treatment.Results The clinical efficacy was 92.5% in treatment group and 81.6% in control group(P0.05).Bacterial clearance rate was 93.9% in treatment group and 80.6% in control group(P0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in treatment group(12.5%)was lower than that in control group(76.3%)(P0.05).Conclusion Combined treatment of tanreqing injection and cefoperazone-sulbactam is safe,effective and worthy of clinical application for the treatment of CAP.

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Objective The objective was to screen sensitive drugs for E.coli in the local area through drug sensitivity test.Methods Colibacillosis was diagnosed by clinical,microbiological diagnosis and biochemical tests,the sensitive drugs got by drug sensitivity tests including amikacin,florfenicol,apramycin sulfate,Ciprofloxacin,gentamicin sulfate,doxycycline hydrochloride were medicated to experimental animals which should be divided into groups.700 chickens were divided into seven groups,six of which were test ones and one of which was the control group(100 chickens/group).Results Of the eight chosen drugs,E.coli was hypersensitive to amikacin,florfenicol,apramycin sulfate,gentamicin sulfate and medium sensitive to doxycycline hydrochloride and Ciprofloxacin,insensitive to Streptomycin sulfate and Norfloxacin.Conclusions Treating the chicken colibacillosis by applying the sensitive drugs got good effects.


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Question: Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysates antimicrobial activity of Mytilus edulis and optimal parameters of hydrolysis

Using fruit and vegetable pathogen Botryis cinerea as tested fungi, this research studied on the effects of mytilus edulis enzymatic hydrolysates with trypsin, pepsin, flavory protease and bromelin against Botryis cinerea in vitro, which was determined by 96-well microtiter plates incubation method. The hydrolysis conditions of the trypsin was also investigated by orthogonal test. The result indicated that the inhibition rate of trypsin hydrolysates was 38.4%, 19.5% and 18.2% higher than pepsin, flavory protease and bromelin hydrolysates, respectively. The results show that the optimal hydrolysis conditions of trypsin was 55℃, pH 8.5, enzyme dosage 300U/g , time 2h and substrate concentration(w/v)1∶1.

SUMMARY ::: ::: The effects of different concentrations of salinity, pH, and nutritional and growth-promoting sub-stances on the production of proliferations in Gelidiella acerosa were investigated, with a view of increasing the production rule of the alga in its aquiculture.


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Question: Classical resolution of black hole singularities via wormholes

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In certain extensions of General Relativity, wormholes generated by spherically symmetric electric fields can resolve black hole singularities without necessarily removing curvature divergences. This is shown by studying geodesic completeness, the behavior of time-like congruences going through the divergent region, and by means of scattering of waves off the wormhole. This provides an example of the logical independence between curvature divergences and space-time singularities, concepts very often identified with each other in the literature.ns of curvature divergences in the context of space-time singularities.

These lecture notes present an introduction to the fuzzball proposal and emission from the D1-D5 system which is geared to an audience of graduate students and others with little background in the subject. The presentation begins with a discussion of the Penrose process and Hawking radiation. The fuzzball proposal is then introduced, and the two- and three-charge systems are reviewed. In the three-charge case details are not discussed. A detailed discussion of emission calculations for D1-D5-P black holes and for certain non-extremal fuzzballs from both the gravity and CFT perspectives is included. We explicitly demonstrate how seemingly different emission processes in gravity, namely, Hawking radiation and superradiance from D1-D5-P black holes, and ergoregion emission from certain non-extremal fuzzballs, are only different manifestations of the same phenomenon in the CFT.


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Question: Infrared‐Visible Window Composite for Ultrahigh Vacuum

This note describes a composite window design which will allow visual or photographic observation and permit ir irradiation of test materials simultaneously in an ultrahigh vacuum system. The uhv compatibility has been ascertained by irradiating the sealant materials with a CO2 laser while monitoring desorbed species with a quadrupole mass spectrometer.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Spraying irrigation nozzle having adjustable and automatic angle and outlet automatic extension

The utility model relates to a spray head for sprinkling irrigation with adjustable and automatic angle of torsion and an automatic telescopic water jet, using a water-flow driving system which is composed of a connecting disk, a rotating rod, a water wheel, a steel ball, a current plate, a pawl cam, a shifting rod, etc., and adjusting the clamped position of the pawl cam on the rotating rod and the splicing position of a filtering net on the connecting disk to obtain reciprocating automatic angle and speed of torsion desired by the water jet; when sprinkling irrigation is started, the utility model uses water pressure to realize the automatic elevation of the water jet; when the sprinkling irrigation is stopped, the water jet can be automatically retracted into an inner cavity. The utility model is suitable for being arranged at the rim angle of a land block to carry out the sprinkling irrigation in any determined angle and speed of torsion.

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A method for controlling a rotor used for capturing power from a turbine fluid flow comprising: detecting one or more of the following parameters: wind speed, rotor RPM, position blade pitch, extension position and loads of the blade; and adjusting the power capture and loading of said rotor by controlling parameters such as rotor radius, blade pitch, and rotor speed, respectively, by controlling the variable length of the rotor blades, the control the variable blade pitch and power electronic control allowing variable velociadad of rotation of said rotor; each of said parameters are controlled such that loads, power or speed of the blade tips produced by said fluid flow turbine are maintained below set limits.


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Question: A shorter proof to uniqueness of solutions of equations

We give a very short proof of uniqueness of solutions of equations regarding observation congruence, the main notion of equality, over Milner's process calculus.

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Refining the Hölder inequality, a result of S Wu is extended to the case of multiple sequences.


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Question: Balanced distributed-element phase shifter

We present a balanced distributed-element phase shifter based on a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) structure. Results show the second harmonic is more than 13dB lower at 0-V bias than a conventional single-ended NLTL phase shifter. We fabricated both balanced and conventional NLTL phase shifters with the same coplanar waveguide (CPW) design and diodes, and observed that phase shifting and insertion loss for both structures were quite similar, yet harmonic distortion was greatly improved in the balanced structure.

The aim of this paper is to accurately and efficiently model this mutual interaction between the feeds, and to verify the analysis by measurement of mutual coupling between feeds on a practical Luneburg lens antenna.


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Question: Apparently First Closed-Form Solution for Frequency of Beam with Rotational Spring

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Summary In summary, the overall properties of the continuous-phase turbulence generated byuniforme uxes of monodispersesphericalparticles moving at near terminal velocities were studied. It was found that many properties of these e ows— including relative turbulence intensities, anisotropies, and PDFs— could be predicted reasonably well based on volume-averaged contributions of the conditional averages of these properties within the laminarlike wake disturbance and turbulent interwake regions of the e ows. The predictions show that most of the unusual properties of these e ows, compared to conventional homogeneous turbulent e ows, 4i 8 come about as a result of effects of mean velocities in the particle wakes, which cannot be separated from the turbulence (barring some type of wake discrimination system ) because the arrival of particle wakes is random.

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General Description of an Impulsive Light-Like Signal Illustrations and Implications of the Bianchi Identities Light-Like Boosts Spherically Symmetric Null Shells Collisions of Plane Impulsive Light-Like Signals Impulsive Light-Like Signals in Alternative Theories of Gravity.


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Question: How to Resolve the Problems in Bilingual Teaching in the Universities of Hebei Province

The large - scale survey shows that there are numerous problems in bilingual teaching in the universities of Hebei Province, such as lack of appropriate original textbooks, shortage of compound teachers with good command of both English teaching skills and professional knowledge, inadequate English competency on the part of students, no reasonable subject teaching program and mature teaching methods, and imperfect evaluation system for teaching effects. To solve such problems, this paper advances some proposals in terms of textbook, teachers, students'English competency, teaching mode and method, and language -learning environment.

Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit!? : Investigating the Entrepreneurship Discourse in Newspapers over Time


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Question: Free-induction fluorescence from Frenkel excitons in one-dimensional systems with substitutional traps: Effects of long-range interactions

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Abstract We study the effect of long-range interactions on the free-induction fluorescence from Frenkel excitons following after excitation by an ultrashort pulse of a small area. A non-perturbative contribution of far neighbors to the free-induction decay is found. The effect results from the non-perturbative renormalization of that part of the exciton energy spectrum (in the vicinity of the bottom of the excitonic band), which mainly contribute to the free-induction signal. We also analyze the applicability of the segment model to the problem of interest when including the coupling to far neighbors.

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We study the spatial distribution of electron states in crystalline Si nanograins embedded into amorphous silicon. We prove that it is not possible to tune the absorption gap by only controlling the size of the grain, since no quantum confinement there occurs. The absorption properties of such a two-phase system are rather controlled by the population of localized electron states generated by large angular distortions of Si–Si bonds.


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Question: High power 2.3 μm Yb:Tm:YLF laser, simultaneously diode-pumped at 685 nm and 960 nm

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Simultaneous pumping of the 2.3µm Yb:Tm:YLF laser at 685 nm and 960 nm is demonstrated, showing higher slope efficiency than 960 nm alone. The output power of 620 mW is the highest reported so far.

We demonstrate for the first time the use of a new borate crystals: Yb:GdCOB and Yb:BOYS in femtosecond mode-locked oscillators. Pulses as short as 69 fs for the Yb:BOYS and 89 fs for the Yb:GdCOB have been obtained near 1 µm.


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Question: Addressing emotions in preparing ethical lawyers

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E.g.:
['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'Abstract A semi-quantitative radioimmunoassay was developed which allows the mass screening of more than 10 4 samples per day per person. The assay is performed in multiwell test plates and employs charcoal separation of antibody-bound and free antigen fractions. The radioactivity of the charcoal phase is transformed into fluorescent light which exposes a sheet of X-ray film. By this autoradiographic immunoassay (ARIA) technique, both visual and quantitative evaluation of the tests can be accomplished. The applicability of this new method is demonstrated for two haptens, digoxin and nicotine. Correlation coefficients between charcoal radioactivity and film density were found to exceed 0.95. Measuring ranges extend from 0.2 to 50 ng (digoxin) and from 5 to 500 ng (nicotine). Interassay variabilities are about twice as high for ARIA as for radioimmunoassays. By proper choice of the sample dilution used for assays, the screening for high or low antigen concentrations is possible.'] == ['Represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', 'Autoradiographic immunoassay (ARIA): a rapid technique for the semiquantitative mass screening of haptens.']

This chapter analyses the part that emotion plays in the ethical choices made by law professionals and students. It notes how the division of undergraduate and postgraduate legal programmes in the UK has too often stranded the study of ethics in the professional stage, where the dominant approach has been a ‘didactic, code-compliance approach’. The chapter outlines alternative methods in use and, drawing upon neuroscientific as well as more classical experimental literature, it points out how powerful the role of empathy can be in the learning of ethics, though acknowledging it is not without its problems. Emphasising the place of moral courage in the development of ethics, it concludes by outlining approaches that use affect in the curriculum.

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Journals, search strategies, books, websites, and organizations to enhance practitioner cultural competency The intersection of mental health and physical health


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Question: Intra-Parenchymal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Cerebellum: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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A 44-year-old male presented with a 3-week history of clumsiness and numbness of the left hemibody. CT scan and MRI revealed a 2 cm mass in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum. The patient underwent a sub-occipital craniotomy with gross total resection of the intra-parenchymal lesion. On pathology, the lesion was found to be compatible with a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The patient received adjuvant radiation treatment and remains free of disease 60 months after completion of treatment. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are neoplasms that rarely arise intra-cranially. Thirty cases have been found in the literature. Our case resembles more closely six of these cases because the tumour had no dural attachment. We describe our case in more detail and review similar cases found in the English literature.

PART I. PRINCIPLES 1. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes 2. Antigens PART II. PROTOCOLS 3. Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization Techniques 4. Solution Hybridization and Blotting Techniques 5. Amplification Methods 6. Flow Cytometry for Antigen Expression PART III. PRACTICE 7. Infectious Diseases 8. Cardiovascular System 9. Lung, Mediastinum, and Pleura 10. Kidney 11. Testes, Bladder, Prostate 12. Digestive System 13. Breast and Female Reproductive Tract 14. Endocrine System 15. Hematologic and Lymphoid System 16. Bones and Soft Tissue 17. Skin 18. Cytopathology APPENDICES


Question:
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Examples:
'['Represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract!', 'Strong triple interactions in the general three-body problem']' == '['Represent the abstract for retrieving the scientific paper title', 'Strong three-body interactions play a decisive role in the course of the dynamical evolution of triple systems having positive as well as negative total energies. These interactions may produce qualitative changes in the relative motions of the components. In triple systems with positive or zero total energies the processes of formation, disruption or exchange of the components of binaries take place as the result of close approaches of the three single bodies or as the result of the passages of single bodies past wide or hard binaries. In the triple systems with negative energies, the strong triple interactions may result in an escape from the system as well as a formation of a hard final binary.']' != '['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper', 'The first-order bosonic field equations of the D-dimensional effective low energy theory which describes the massless background coupling of the D-dimensional fully Higgsed heterotic string are derived.']'

Question: THE SUMMATION OF CERTAIN FOURIER SERIES

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For instance, <<['Represent the natural language', 'Two cases of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) use are reported. The drug promotes resolution of macular edema and ensures a long-term improvement of visual acuity. The latter may depend on such factors as the duration of the disease and localization of the occlusion. Application of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant provides new opportunities for the treatment of retinal vein occlusions.']>>  to "['represent this paper title in order to find a scientific intro to what it is about', '[Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) in patients with retinal vein occlusions].']"

A method is presented here to sum certain type of Fourier series. The series is treated as a response function of a linear electric circuit with lumped constants. This electric circuit, subjected to the action of an external force expressed in the form of another Fourier series derived from the original series to be summed can be formed by inspection or by network synthesis. If this derived series can be put into a closed form, then by applying the steady-state operational technique to this electric circuit, the original series can be expressed in a closed form or in a graphical form.

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SEVERAL ASPECTS, BOTH PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL, OF THE WAY TO OBTAIN INTEGRAL AND INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR SUSPENSION BRIDGE PROBLEMS ARE ANALYSED. BOTH THE CASE OF EQUAL LOADING ON THE CABLES AND TORSION EFFECTS ARE DEALT WITH, EMPHASIZING THE CONVENIENCE OF THE APPROACH FOR DIGITAL COMPUTER CALCULATION. APPLICATION IS MADE TO THE CASE OF A SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH A CONSTANT OR VARIABLE RIGIDITY STIFFENING TRUSS. /RRL/A/


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Question: Applications of color centers as nanoscopic sensors

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Abstract Optically active impurities in diamond, so-called color centers, form versatile sensors: on the one hand, they have demonstrated high sensitivities to temperature, magnetic, and electric fields as well as optical near fields; on the other hand, their atomic size allows for sensing and imaging with potentially nanometer resolution. The chapter introduces the basics of sensing with color centers in diamond with a strong focus on the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. It also introduces examples of sensing and imaging techniques with color centers including scanning probe imaging. Furthermore, the chapter gives an overview of the use of color centers as highly stable fluorophores in superresolution microscopy.

Semiconductor nanocrystals are nanoscale light sources that received much attention in recent years. We will give an overview about semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals as active optical materials in photonic structures and hybrid colloidal-epitaxial devices, for realizations of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) concepts, or for probing field intensities in coupled resonator optical waveguides.


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E.g.
'['represent this title from a paper to retrieve its scientific short abstract.', 'Signal Processing In Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry With Band‐Pass Filter']' == '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Transmission fluctuation spectrometry is a recently‐developed method for particle size analysis, in which both the particle size distribution and particle concentration can be obtained simultaneously. This work presents a new technique of data processing of the fluctuating transmission signal. The 1st order band pass filter is employed to improve the resolution of the measurement. The analytical expression is obtained on the basis of the layer model. Numerical results and simulated results are given to make a comparison.']' != '['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Introduction. Instruments. Depth and Transverse Resolution. Phase Imaging. Applications. Appendix A: Vector Field Theory for Depth and Transverse Resolution of a CSOM.']'

Question: Organs without bodies - Gilles Deleuze

The measure of the true love for a philosopher is that one recognizes traces of his concepts all around in one's daily experience. Recently, while watching again Sergei Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible, I noticed a wonderful detail in the coronation scene at the beginning of the first part: when the two (for the time being) closest friends of Ivan pour golden coins from the large plates onto his newly anointed head, this veritable rain of gold cannot but surprise the spectator by its magically excessive character - even after we see the two plates almost empty, we cut to Ivan's head on which golden coins "nonrealistically" continue to pour in a continuing flow. Is this excess not very "Deleuzian"? Is it not the excess of the pure flow of becoming over its corporeal cause, of the virtual over the actual?

Author(s): Majstorovic, Gorica | Abstract: Poetics of Residue: Global Mass Culture and Technology in Roberto Arlt


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Question: The background absorption at high latitudes

The high latitude ionosphere is more often disturbed than quiet, i.e. fluxes of charged particles dominate over solar controlled ionisation. Nonetheless, the actual amount of the predictable, solar-controlled ionisation and the resulting absorption is of interest for some applications.

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. A new set of FMR lines observed after reducing for 45 min is the emphasis studied in this note.


Question:
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Given ['Represent the title for retrieving the corresponding scientific abstract.', 'Endoscopic surgery of esophageal cancer'], a positive would be ['Represent this abstract from a paper to retrieve its scientific title', 'Traditional open surgery of esophageal cancer is commonly accompanied with relatively big trauma,high morbidity rates and signicant perioperative mortality.More recently,the increasing use of video-assisted thoracoscope and laparoscope technologies in esophagectomy have had the potential to reduce surgical trauma,blood loss,hospital stay and perioperative morbidity.As a review,this article summarized the domestic and international reports of minimally invasive esophagectomy,while respectively analyzed applications of thoracoscope,surgical patterns,positions and the advantages and disadvantages.'] & a negative would be ['Represent this scientific intro in order to find the title of the paper.', 'The causes of gastrointestinal bleedings was assessed by fiber gastroscopy, rectoromanoscopy and fiber colonoscopy. The most frequent causes of bleedings from the upper gastrointestinal tract are gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive hemorrhagic gastritis, gastric cancer, liver cirrhosis with bleeding from varicose veins, polyps, diverticuli, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, etc. The most frequent causes of bleedings from the lower gastrointestinal tract are hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colonic polyps, chronic ulcerohemorrhagic colitis, rectal carcinoma, etc. The diagnostic importance of urgent endoscopic examinations is pointed out.']

Question: Optical gain on the I2(B3Πo+→X3Σg+) system produced by a visible wavelength diode laser

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We report the results of a measurement of subdoppler gain profiles in molecular iodine produced by a low power tunable diode laser. Using a sensitive, two beam detection method, we have measured absorptions and amplifications that are only a few parts in 104. Amplification was observed for pump laser powers of only 200 μW, and the optical gain observed varied linearly with pump power. Comparisons with a simple, steady-state model are also discussed.

A two-color femtosecond pump beam (800 and 1200 nm) and a one-color femtosecond probe beam (267 nm) were focused into a hydrogen gas to generate high-order Raman sidebands in the spectral region of 172–343 nm. The efficiency of frequency conversion to neighboring Stokes/anti-Stokes emission was 18%. Simultaneously, vacuum-ultraviolet stimulated emission was observed at 154.2 nm with the assistance of four-wave Raman mixing. This observation was explained as a Lyman transition (B 1Σ ::: u ::: + ::: → X 1Σ ::: g ::: + ::: ) of the hydrogen.


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Question: Calculation of Oil Shale Fractures Generated by a Column of Explosive in a Borehole

The preparation of an oil shale formation for subsequent retorting is an important part of an in situ oil extraction process. Oil shale is generally found in competent, sub-surface deposits which must be fragmented in order to accommodate the processing fluids. One fragmentation method under consideration involves boring a vertical shaft into a layer of oil shale, filling the borehole with explosive at the appropriate depth, stemming the hole, and then detonating the column of explosive. Field experiments have been performed in this configuration and measurements obtained of the stress/time histories at several points in the oil shale [1]. As part of the evaluation process of these experiments, wave propagation codes are used to calculate the stress histories in the rock. It is intended that a comparison of the measured and calculated response will aid the development of constitutive models that account for the fracture of the rock, and its state of preparedness for retorting.

This book contains 17 selections. Some of the titles are: Heat Flow in Composite Materials; Heat Transfer Following an Extrusion Process; Effective Thermal Conductivity of Wire Screens; and A Heat Transfer and Wave Optics Analysis for Radiative Melting of Thin Silicon Films.


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Question: Influence of Tip on Anodic Oxidation Lithography Based AFM

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Nanostructure of oxide can be fabricated by a nano-oxidation technique using atomic force microscopy.Its essence is nano-scale electrochemical reaction with an applied voltage.Tip as a tool is one of the most important element that influenced the lithography.The tip's radius of curvature and the relative position to the surface of the sample that influenced the distribution of the surface electric field,thus affected the structure of the oxide.With the oxidation and wear,the tip was lapsed.The lithography with carbon nanotube tip can obtain high definition nanostructure.

Abstract : Partial Contents: A Microcomposite Test Procedure for Evaluating the Constituent Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites; Design, Analysis and Application of an Improved Push-Through Test for the Measurement of Interface Properties in Composites; Fiber Bundle Push-Out: A Technique for the Measurement of Interfacial Sliding Properties; Mechanics of the Fiber Pushout Test; Effects of Fiber Roughness on Interface Sliding in Composites; Fiber Coating Concepts for Brittle Matrix Composites; Preliminary Assessment of Mica as High- Temperature Fiber Coating for SiC Composites; Models for Metal/Ceramic Interface Fracture; Mode II Fracture Toughness of a Brittle Adhesive Layer; and Cracking of Thin Bonded Films in Residual Tension


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Question: Impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on abundance and composition of ammonia oxidizers in estuarine sediment

Purpose ::: Spartina alterniflora widely invades coastal wetland in China and might change nitrification in sediment. Both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are involved in nitrification in this environment. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of S. alterniflora invasion on abundance and composition of AOA and AOB.

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Blue-green algae, including species of Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Microcystis, and Nostocaceae were isolated from green sand associated with Hudsonia tomentosa. Green sands were consistently found in the buried phyllosphere and rhizosphere of Hudsonia and on the surface to varying depths under Hudsonia plants. Organisms in these sands fixed nitrogen at maximum rates of 1 nmol C2H4∙g soil−1∙h−1. Seasonal variation in rates was largely explained by optima of 30% soil water content and 28 to 33 °C soil temperature. Green sands were not associated with any other vascular plant at the study sites. The results suggest a preference of free-living blue-green algae for Hudsonia which may relate to the ability of this dwarf shrub to colonize nutrient-poor sand sites, such as blowouts and sand dunes in the Pinus banksiana – lichen woodlands of northeastern Alberta.


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Question: Skin inhibits cartilage proliferation and calcification. Tissue culture of fetal mice bones.

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In an in vitro study, fetal mice metatarsal bones were cultured with skin or muscle fragments at some distance. We found that skin fragments inhibit growth in length and progress of calcification. Muscle fragments had no significant effects. Apparently, skin cells may produce factors that inhibit the development of metatarsal bones.

Abstract A system is described which uses microcarrier culture techniques for the co-cultivation of different cell types without direct contact between cell populations. In co-cultivation, arterial endothelial cells induced proliferation in > 90% of quiescent homologous arterial smooth muscle cells in the absence of serum-derived growth factors. The microcarrier coculture system allows investigation of potent local humoral interactions between vascular cells in vitro.


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Question: Italian Assembly Industry: Challenges and Responses to Globalisation and Innovation

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Since the beginning of the 1990s, both global and country-specific trends have put pressure on the Italian economy, the fifth or sixth largest in the world. The process of the internationalisation of the economy and integration into Europe, though jerkily in progress, presents challenges to the industrial sector, the first to feel the impact of these trends. In combination with macroeconomic, political, and sociocultural changes, the above mega-trends present opportunities for Italy, but also loom threateningly over the prospects for the long-term prosperity of the country and its ability to keep up with the more advanced industrialised economies.

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Environmental Challenges, Regulations and Institutions in Saudi Arabia.- Environmental Concerns and Policies in Saudi Arabia.- Environmental Investments.- Incentive Structures.- Environmental Business Channels.- The Way Forward.


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Question: State and development of aero-engine

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Technical characters of current aero-engine are outlined in this paper.The technical specifications of the 4th-generation fighter engine F119 and design development of its derivative F135 are demonstrated.Design level,whole technical target of an aero-engine IHPTET plan and construction features are explained also.Development trend of the future aero-engine is inferred at last.

This Paper summaries the value,the range and the effect of the wide spread application of the light weight steel building in Xinji Mine.


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Question: Experimental research on proportion of reactive powder concrete

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An experimental research on proportion of reactive powder concrete was carried out in this paper, which was concerned on the influences of W/B (water and binder ratio), S/B (sand and binder ratio), the mixed quantity of superplasticizer and SF/Qu (silica fume and crush quartz ratio) on the fluidity,compressive strength and bending strength of RPC in total of 5 groups of specimens. Without compromising the strength, fly ash was substituted for part of cement to improve the fluidity of RPC. The probability of making up RPC by using local materials was also approached.

By the multiple regression analysis method, an estimate has been made of the effect of the basic parameters of needle-punched FMAS on their air permeability.


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Question: Spatial filtering of images with the use of double Bragg diffraction

The influence of acousto-optical Bragg diffraction on image characteristics is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the zeroth, first, and second diffraction orders act, respectively, as high-, intermediate-, and low-spatial-frequency filters.

An experimental investigation of the scale and rotation invariant joint transform correlator is performed. The mask for the log-polar coordinate transformation is obtained with a Lee's binary interferogram computer generated hologram with a mapping of 4 (pi) .


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Question: An a-contrario approach for unsupervised change detection in radar images

This paper presents a new approach for unsupervised change detection in pairs of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. As changes to detect can have various sizes and intensities which are a priori unknown in most applications, we propose a multiscale approach without considering any a priori information. Using multiscale series of a cumulant-based Kullback-Leibler divergence (CKLD) measure computed between two dates, changes are characterized as areas where the CKLD values vary a lot when the scale varies. In a probabilistic a-contrario framework, a measure of meaningfulness of such an evolution through scale is derived, leading to a criterion free of parameter. Results are presented using a pair of SAR images acquired before and after the volcanic eruption of the Nyiragongo in January 2002 (Congo), showing the robustness of the method with respect to the number of false alarms.

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This paper describes three aspects of uncertainty in geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing. First, the positional uncertainty of an area object in a GIS is discussed as a function of positional uncertainties of line segments and boundary line features. Second, the thematic uncertainty of a classified remote sensing image is described using the probability vectors from a maximum likelihood classification. Third, the “S-band” model is used to quantify uncertainties after combining GIS and remote sensing data.


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Question: Hydroelastic coupling of beam finite element model with Wagner theory of water impact

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The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of the direct coupling of the finite element method for the structural part with a Wagner representation of the hydrodynamic loads during the impact of an elastic body onto the water surface. An efficient and very general method is developed and validated in two dimensions. Advantages of the present method are outlined for the elastic wedge impact problem; however, the method is applicable to any elastic body with small deadrise angle entering water vertically at moderate velocity. Strategy for coupling of this method with commercial finite element codes is discussed.

Abstract A continuum approach is presented to obtain the transverse vibration of trussed bridges traversed by a single moving load. The efficiency and the accuracy of the method are determined by comparing its results with those obtained by the dynamic analysis of the bridge as a discrete lumped mass system, which can account for both truss action and flexural action of the deck in the response. Using the proposed method, a parametric study is performed to show the influence of some important parameters on the dynamic response of the bridge. The parameters include relative stiffness of the bridge deck and truss, number of panels, type of truss and speed parameter.


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Question: Solving dimensioning tasks for proportionally fair networks carrying elastic traffic

The paper studies optimal dimensioning problems associated with the notion of "proportional fairness" (PF) considered for packet networks carrying elastic (greedy) traffic, i.e. the traffic streams that can use up, perhaps within certain assumed bounds, any bandwidth that is assigned to them. We give effective, simple and explicit solutions to the introduced optimisation tasks based on the dual optimisation theory, and illustrate them with numerical examples. The explicit solutions can guide a network operator how to proceed when introducing PF into his network.

The problem of choosing the buffer length for a maximum allowed fractional loss, in a situation where the feeding rate is Erlangian, and where the service is effected through multiple output lines with regular and synchronous removal rates, is studied. Design curves are provided which can be used as a guide for the practical buffer-length choice.


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Question: Describing Technological Development with Quantitative Models

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Up until now, the experience curve has been used as instrument for predicting development in costs of renewable energy technologies. This feature has been used several times in long-term optimisation models, where the experience curve describes technological development in the form of cost reduction over a long period of time. Considering long prediction periods expresses the need for relatively good estimation methods. This along with the increased knowledge of innovation theory has called for a discussion of models to describe cost reduction in order to have more precise predictions. This article aims at a discussion of three methods to describe the development, using the case study of Danish wind power. Therefore, the key result is a list of different models and their pros and cons with respect to the selection of quantitative models describing technological development in the form of cost reduction.

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Systems: Origin and Evolution, Terms and Concepts. Systems and Complexity. Systems and Measurement. Systems and Modeling: Diagrams and System Identification. Systems View of Management and Organizations. Systems Approach to 'Problem Solving'. Systems Theory in International Relations. Systems Models of Dynamic Processes. Quantitative Cybernetics. System and Model Decomposition. Systems Science: Making Sense of the Philosophical Issues. Index.


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Question: New results on the preference independence transformation

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Abstract A preference independence transformation of U.S. consumption data, including leisure, shows that affordable free time is the transformed good with the largest share in the semidurables/ durables/leisure group. Other results concern the effect of the transformation on the group structure under weak separability.

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The simplified means is presented about coefficient and free item of displacement method equation, based on the equilibrium condition.


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Question: A note on the sensitivity of the histochemical plasmal reaction

Comparison of the results from both histochemical and biochemical determinations of the plasmalogen concentration in several tissues and organs shows that the two methods are in general agreement. A comparison of the two methods also indicates that the lowest concentration of plasmalogen detectable with the histochemical procedure is about 0.7 μ moles per gram when 10 μ sections are employed.

The possibility of using “lead” and calcium” methods for determining the localization of alkaline phosphatase in bacterial cells was studied. The unsuitability of a cytochemical medium containing lead nitrate for determining the true localization of alkaline phosphatase in microorganisms was demonstrated.


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Question: Early biochemical events in leukocyte activation through receptors for IgG

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Membrane receptors for the Fc portion of IgG antibodies (FcγR) are expressed by most cells of the immune system. Recent research has revealed that, besides their role in effector functions mediated by leukocytes, FcγR also participate in the antibody-mediated regulation of many phenomena in the afferent phase of immune responses and in the homeostasis of the immune system. Here, we review recent findings on the mechanisms of signal transduction by these receptors as well as on the modulation of FcγR signaling by signal regulators and/or by the activation state of the cell.

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AbstractThe recognition of hemopoietic stem cell after intravenous transplantation of marrow cells occurs initially by a lectin moiety on the surface of marrow sinus endothelium. The cell is then transported across the endothelial cytoplasm much in the way that a soluble ligand, such as transferrin, is transported. In the extravascular compartment, the cell binds to lineage-specific stromal cells. This mechanism, known as homing, is mediated by a lectin-glycoconjugate interaction, the lectin being on the surface of progenitor cell with specificity for galactosyl and mannosyl residues. The binding is subsequently stabilized by membrane-bound proteoglycans, integrin-like receptors, and fibronectin.


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Question: Cognitive maps of product development: an object-based approach

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The cognitive maps of design managers in a large development project are captured using a coordination structure. These maps are related to the roles and responsibilities of managers, and demonstrate the lack of a shared view of project structure that is possible among managers even within the same functional area.

Representations in design design objects genetic algorithms/genetic programming in design case-based design reuse of designs grammars in design design spaces learning in design distributed design rules, models and theories in design conceptual design spatial and layout planning in design creativity and innovation in design.


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Question: Light scalar neutrinos and muon decay

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Abstract We investigate the constraints which muon decay experiments impose on the existence of light scalar neutrinos. If the s-neutrino masses are small compared to the muon mass, the charged wino has to be substantially heavier than the charged W-vector boson. From the existing measurements of the decay parameters ϱ and δ we find M W /M W > 4 . This bound can be improved by almost a factor of 2 by current experiments.

Abstract Following a suggestion of Salam and Strathdee that CP violation disappears and the Cabbibo angle vanishes at high magnetic fields we infer that no CP (or T ) violation should be observed in nuclear beta decays and that stable hypernuclei are in principle possible.


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Question: Characterization of Bi2S3 with different morphologies synthesized using microwave radiation

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Abstract Bi 2 S 3 with different morphologies (nanoparticles, nanorods and nanotubes) was synthesized using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O) and two kinds of sulfur sources (CH 3 CSNH 2 and NH 2 CSNH 2 ) in different solvents (water, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol) via a microwave radiation method at 180 W for 20 min. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that all of the products are orthorhombic Bi 2 S 3 phase of nanoparticles, nanorods and nanotubes, influenced by the sulfur sources and solvents. Formation mechanisms of the products with different morphologies are also proposed.

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Introduction ::: TiO2 anatase nanoplates and hollow microspheres were fabricated by a solvothermal–hydrothermal method using titanium isopropoxide as a titanium precursor and hydrofluoric acid as a capping agent in order to enhance the formation of the {001} crystal facets of the anatase nanocrystals.