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Question: Michael Stanley Dukakis ( \ / dʉˈkɑːkɨs \ / ; born November 3 , 1933 ; Greek : Μιχαήλ Δουκάκης ) served as the 65th and 67th Governor of Massachusetts , from 1975 to 1979 and 1983 to 1991 respectively .

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Michael Stanley Dukakis ( Greek : Μιχαήλ Δούκάκῆς , born November 3 , 1933 ) served as the 65th and 67th Governor of Massachusetts , from 1975 to 1979 and 1983 to 1991 .

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William Perry `` Bill '' Clements , Jr. ( April 13 , 1917 - May 29 , 2011 ) was the 42nd and 44th Governor of Texas , serving from 1979 to 1983 and 1987 to 1991 .


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Question: He is the longest-serving Governor in Massachusetts history and only the second Greek American Governor in U.S. history , after Spiro Agnew .

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He is the longest-serving Governor in Massachusetts and only the second Greek-American governor in United States history , after Spiro Agnew .

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She is the first female governor of New Mexico and the first female Hispanic governor in the United States .


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Question: Since the Middle Ages people have cultivated rye widely in Central and Eastern Europe .

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Provided: "There was a hurricane watch issued for the Cuban Provinces of Camagüey , Granma , Guantánamo , Holguín , Las Tunas , and Santiago de Cuba at 1500 UTC on October 23 ." Match: "The Government of Cuba posted a hurricane watch for the Cuban Provinces of Camagüey , Granma , Guantánamo , Holguín , Las Tunas , and Santiago de Cuba at 1500 UTC on October 23 ."

Since the Middle Ages , rye has been used widely in Central and Eastern Europe .

Native to cold temperate coastal areas of Japan , Korea and China , in recent decades it has also established in France , Britain , Spain , Italy , Argentina and Australia .


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Question: Rye is used to make alcoholic drinks , like rye whiskey and rye beer .

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It is used to make flour , food for animals , and many types of alcoholic drinks .

It is often flavored with fruits or herbs such as strawberries , raisins or mint .


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Question: H. L. Mencken said that `` A dachshund is a half-dog high and a dog-and-a-half long , '' although they have been referred to as `` two dogs long '' .

The writer H. L. Mencken said that `` A dachshund is a half-dog high and a dog-and-a-half long . ''

Filling a ship 's hold with tortoises was an easy way to stock up on food , a tradition that was continued by whalers in the centuries that followed . `` whaling skippers were almost lyrical in their praise of tortoise meat , terming it far more delicious than chicken , pork or beef '' .


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E.g.
"Three deep canyons are located in the park , cut through the volcanic tuff of the Yellowstone Plateau by rivers over the last 640,000 years ." == "Three deep canyons are in the park . They were cut through the volcanic tuff of the Yellowstone Plateau by rivers over the last 640,000 years ( since the last huge explosion ) ." != "It is part of an old stratovolcano which has been inactive for about 250,000 years ."

Question: Because of their long , narrow build , they are often nicknamed wiener dog or sausage dog .

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A dachshund has a long , narrow body , so it is sometimes called a wiener dog , hot dog , or sausage dog .

While hovering they face towards any slight headwind . This leads to the common kestrel being called a `` windhover '' in some areas .


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The provided query could be 'He was at different times in his life a constable , city policeman , county sheriff , Deputy U.S. Marshal , teamster , buffalo hunter , bouncer , saloon-keeper , gambler , brothel owner , pimp , miner , and boxing referee .' and the positive 'He was at different times in his life a constable , city policeman , county sheriff , Deputy U.S. Sheriff , teamster , buffalo hunter , bouncer , saloon-keeper , gambler , brothel owner , pimp , miner , and boxing referee .' and the negative 'Daniel M. Borislow ( September 21 , 1961 -- July 21 , 2014 ) was an American entrepreneur , philanthropist , sports team owner , inventor , and thoroughbred horse breeder .'

Question: Part of the controversy is because the dachshund is the only certifiable breed of dog to hunt both above and below ground .

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They are one of the more dog-like breeds of cats . They run and greet their owners at the door and are friendly when meeting strangers .


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Question: Although `` dachshund '' is a German word , in modern German they are more commonly known by the name Dackel or , among hunters , Teckel .

( In German , dachshunds are called Dackel or Teckel . )

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The name of the breed is Spanish and means `` Canarian catch dog '' . The name is often shortened to `` Presa Canario '' or simply `` Presa '' .


Question: Dachshunds can have a blue and a brown eye .

There are solid black and solid chocolate-brown dachshunds .

The color is mostly black but they have a pink face .


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Question: The dominant color is red , the most common along with black and tan .

The colors that are most common are red ( a brown color that looks a little reddish ) and black-and-tan ( black body with brown parts ) .

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The combination of several colors in the jade gives the leaves the various colors of a real cabbage .


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Question: Composed of flour , water , salt , boric acid , and mineral oil , the product was first manufactured in Cincinnati , Ohio , U.S. , as a wallpaper cleaner in the 1930s .

It was first manufactured in Cincinnati , Ohio , U.S. , as a wallpaper cleaner in the 1930s .

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Examples:

"No permanent settlement exists except for tourists . References ." == "No permanent settlement is established except for tourists ."

The dye turned out to be suitable for silk and other textiles . It was patented by Perkin , who the next year opened a dyeworks mass-producing it at Greenford on the banks of the Grand Union Canal in London .


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Question: When a classroom of children began using the wallpaper cleaner as a modeling compound , the product was reworked and marketed to Cincinnati schools in the mid-1950s .

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Children began using the wallpaper cleaner as a modeling compound .

Some engineering students and engineers carried ten-inch slide rules in belt holsters , and even into the mid 1970s this was a common sight on campuses .


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Question: Play-Doh was demonstrated at an educational convention in 1956 and prominent department stores opened retail accounts .

Play-Doh was introduced at an educational convention in 1956 .

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The VHD was first demonstrated in 1978 , and after many advertisements in National Geographic magazines , It was eventually released in Japan and in the USA in 1983 .


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Question: Play-Doh is a modeling compound used by young children for art and craft projects at home and in school .

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Play-Doh is a children 's modeling compound .

Food coloring is used both in commercial food production and in cooking at home .


Question: There are three styles of gloves worn by ice hockey players .

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There are three types of gloves worn by ice hockey players .

This design soon became added to baseball gloves and webbed gloves were starting to be used by all baseball players .


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Question: National Hockey League rules limit the perimeter of the catching glove to forty-five inches and the widest part of the glove may not exceed eighteen inches .

NHL rules limit the perimeter of the catching glove to forty-five inches and the widest part of the glove may not exceed eighteen inches .

Players may take three steps with the ball and can hold the ball for at most three seconds . Teams may not pass the ball more than three times before shooting at the frame .


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Question: On the other hand , often called the `` glove hand '' , the goaltender wears a catching glove called a trapper , which is similar to a baseball glove .

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On the other hand , often called the `` glove hand '' , the goaltender wears a catching glove , similar to a baseball glove .

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Dryden was known for the distinction of creating ( as well as being the first goaltender to employ ) the modern day goaltending mask consisting of a fiberglass mask with a cage .


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Question: Skaters golves help prevent the hands getting bruised and battered and stops them from getting burns from the ice Goaltenders wear a different type of glove on each hand .

Goaltenders wear a different type of glove on each hand .

While catching in baseball was two handed , gloves grew to a size that made it easier to catch the ball in the webbing of the glove , and use the off-hand to keep it from falling out .


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Question: The goaltender uses this blocker to deflect shots .

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For example, Linda `` Monia '' Paulette Sjöström , born 21 December 1973 in Ballingslöv , Sweden is a Swedish female dansband singer . She has sung with Grönwalls , and was one of the bandmembers who in 1991 formed the band , and in 1992 won the Swedish Dansband Championships contest . should be similar to Linda `` Monia '' Paulette Sjöström , born 21 December 1973 in Ballingslöv , Sweden is a Swedish female dansband singer who has sung with Grönwalls , and was one of the bandmembers who in 1991 formed the band , and in 1992 won the Swedish Dansband Championships contest .

The goaltender uses this glove to stop shots .

( i.e. holds the ball by a handle ) must ride with his right arm outstretched . He offers the pato so rival players have a chance of tugging the pato and stealing it .


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Question: Xavier Rudd is an Australian singer , songwriter and multi-instrumentalist .

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Xavier Rudd ( born 1978 ) is an Australian musician .

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Damien Rice ( born 7 December 1973 ) is an Irish singer-songwriter , musician and record producer .


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Question: His fan base is particularly strong in Australia and in Canada , where he has recorded several albums and performed live shows .

He has many fans in Australia , his home , as well as Canada , where he has recorded a few live albums .

He has acted in theater , movies and on television for more than 30 years and still do so .


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Question: He is well known on the music festival circuit for playing at musical festivals and concerts in Australia , North America and throughout Europe .

Rudd is known for playing at music festivals and concerts in Australia and in North America .

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In the next two years , she became an accomplished singer and was touring notable concert halls to sold-out crowds .


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The query could be 'Most nuts come from the pistils with inferior ovaries ( see flower ) and all are indehiscent ( not opening at maturity ) .' and should be close to 'Most seeds come from fruits , and the seeds are released from the fruit .' but very far from 'The flowers are small and single-sex ( monoecious ) , the female flowers are carried in pairs , the male flowers are wind-pollinating catkins , produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear .'

Question: When prey ( plants ) are numerous their predators ( herbivores ) increase in numbers , reducing the prey population , which in turn causes predator number to decline .

When prey ( plants ) are numerous their predators ( herbivores ) increase in numbers , reducing the plant population , which in turn causes herbivore number to decline .

A gene may increase fitness in the younger , fertile organism , yet contribute to decreased fitness later in life .


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Question: Eating a second prey type helps herbivores ' populations stabilize .

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Eating a second plant type helps herbivores ' populations stabilize .

Ejection increases the polyp 's chance of surviving short-term stress -- they can regain algae , possibly of a different species , at a later time .


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Question: This stabilizing dynamic plays an especially important role for specialist herbivores that feed on one species of plant and prevents these specialists from wiping out their food source .

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This is important for specialist herbivores which feed on only one species of plant : it prevents these specialists from wiping out their food source .

In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations , but also to the wider biological communities .


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Question: When an invasive herbivore or plant enters the system , the balance is thrown off and the diversity can collapse to a monotaxon system .

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For example, 'Cley Marshes protects an area of reed beds , freshwater marsh , pools and wet meadows . It has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) , Special Area of Conservation ( SAC ) , Special Protection Area ( SPA ) and Ramsar Site because of the large numbers of birds it attracts .' should be close to 'Cley Marshes protects an area of reed beds , freshwater marsh , pools and wet meadows and has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) , Special Area of Conservation ( SAC ) , Special Protection Area ( SPA ) , and Ramsar Site due to the large numbers of birds it attracts .'

When an invasive herbivore or plant enters the system , the balance is thrown off and the diversity can change or even collapse .

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Severe fires can kill all the trees in a forest , which causes a massive release of seed to take advantage of the nutrients in the ash bed .


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E.g.
Other notable places are Namche Bazaar , the town near the base camp of Mt. Everest . == Other notable places are Namche Bazaar ( the town near the base camp of Mt. Everest ) , Gaighat , Lahan , Ilam , etc. . != It is in the east-central part of the country with headquarters at Kathmandu , the capital of the country .

Question: For example , spatial heterogeneity is maintained , which means there will always be pockets of plants not found by herbivores .

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There will always be pockets of plants not found by herbivores .

However , there can be lasting effects of various neurotoxins , which may not clear up when the occupant leaves the building .


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Question: Noble Energy , Inc. of Houston , Texas , United States is the modern name of Noble Affiliates Inc. , by which it was known through the 1990s , and it is now an oil and natural gas exploration and production company with almost US$ 3 billion in revenue at # 660 on the 2007 Fortune 1000 list of the largest American companies .

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Noble Energy , Inc. ( NYSE : NBL ) of Houston , Texas is the modern name of Noble Affiliates Inc. , by which it was known through the 1990s , and it is now an oil and natural gas exploration and production company with almost US$ 3 billion in income at # 660 on the 2007 Fortune 1000 list of the largest American companies .

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DuPont was the world 's third largest chemical company based on market capitalization and ninth based on revenue in 2009 .


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Question: In South America , the company operates in Argentina and Nicaragua .

In South America , the company operates in Argentina and Ecuador .

He mainly worked for the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración ( AAA ) in Mexico and Chikara in the United States .


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Question: In 1985 , Noble Affiliates spun off its subsidiary Noble Drilling Corporation to shareholders , and that company in turn went public by the early 1990s , and then became Noble Corporation , an S&P 500 company .

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In 1985 , Noble Affiliates started its subsidiary Noble Drilling Corporation ( NYSE : NE ) to shareholders , and that company in turn went public by the early 1990s , and then became Noble Corporation , an S&P 500 company .

Standard Oil of California and Gulf Oil merged in 1984 , which became the largest merger in history at that time .


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Question: In Africa , Noble Energy operates in Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon .

In Africa , Noble Energy operates in Equatorial Guinea .

The field is operated by BP . Its partners are ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips Alaska .


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Question: It operates in the Mediterranean Sea , in Israel and Cyprus .

And in Eurasia , it operates in the Mediterranean Sea , the North Sea and China .

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In can also be found in the Pacific Ocean , from the Red Sea to South Africa , and northern Japan and Australia .


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Question: She is a second daughter of the first democratically elected mayor of Saint Petersburg Anatoly Sobchak and Lyudmila Narusova , a Russian politician .

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She is the only child of politicians Anatoly Sobchak ( 1937-2000 ) and Lyudmila Narusova ( b. 1951 ) .

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In February 1988 , during a reception in Kremlin , Mikhail Gorbachev said that he and his wife , Raisa , greatly admired Kaputikyan 's poetry .


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Question: Kseniya Anatolyevna Sobchak ( Russian : Ксе́ния Анато́льевна Собча́к ) , born November 5 , 1981 is a Russian TV anchor , journalist , socialite , and member of political opposition .

Ksenia Anatolyevna Sobchak ( Russian : Ксе́ния Анато́льевна Собча́к ; born on November 5 , 1981 ) is a Russian television presenter , actress and singer .

Ludmilla Radchenko ( Russian : Людмила Радченко , born November 11 , 1978 in Omsk , Soviet Union ) is a Russian model , artist and actress .


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Question: Bucheon is a city in Gyeonggi Province , South Korea .

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Bucheon is a Korean city in Gyeonggi Province of South Korea , between Seoul and Incheon .

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Everland is a theme park in Yongin , South Korea .


Question: Human trials of Sabin 's vaccine began in 1957 , and it was licensed in 1962 .

Human trials of Sabin 's vaccine began in 1957 and it was licensed in 1962 .

Testing of prototypes commenced in December 1993 , and the roll-out of the system was carried out from August 1996 to April 1998 , and acceptance occurred in November 1997 .


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Question: Two polio vaccines are used throughout the world to combat poliomyelitis ( or polio ) .

Two polio vaccines are used throughout the world against poliomyelitis ( or polio ) .

The diseases most demanding a vaccine , HIV , malaria and tuberculosis , exist principally in poor countries .


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Question: Therefore , interruption of person to person transmission of the virus by vaccination is the critical step in global polio eradication .

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Therefore , interruption of person to person transmission of the virus by vaccination is the key step in removing polio entirely .

However , some viruses including those causing AIDS and viral hepatitis evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections .


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Question: There is no long term carrier state for poliovirus in immunocompetent individuals , polioviruses have no non-primate reservoir in nature ( although they have been induced in transgenic mice ) , and survival of the virus in the environment for an extended period of time appears to be remote .

There is no long term carrier for poliovirus , and polioviruses have no non-primate reservoir in nature .


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Question: Announced to the world by Dr Thomas Francis Junior on April 12 , 1955 , it consists of an injected dose of inactivated ( dead ) poliovirus .

Announced to the world by Salk on April 12 , 1955 , it is an injection of inactivated ( dead ) poliovirus .

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Griffith thought some `` transforming principle '' from the heat-killed strain was responsible for making the harmless strain virulent .


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Question: The ruse was soon exposed to the international community , leading Japan to diplomatic isolation and its March 1933 withdrawal from the League of Nations .

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For instance, <<The Munchkins are natives of the fictional Munchkin Country in the Oz books by L. Frank Baum .>>  to "The Munchkins are the natives of the fictional Munchkin Country in the Oz books by L. Frank Baum ."

Soon the world knew the event , leading Japan to diplomatic isolation and its withdrawal from the League of Nations .

represent this txt to retrieve a related sentence from wikipedia! For instance, <<It became a typhoon on December 10 [ #endnote _ UnisysPakaData ] and passed near Kwajalein with winds of 100 knots .>>  to "It became a typhoon on December 10 and passed near Kwajalein with winds of ."

He attracted the anger of the Soviet Union when he helped gather support for the defence of South Korea after it was invaded in 1950 and later worked to end the Soviet boycott of UN meetings , though his involvement has only little to do with the eventual return of the Soviet Union to the UN .


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Question: The Mukden Incident , also known as the Manchurian Incident , was a staged event engineered by rogue Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the Japanese invasion of the northeastern part of China , known as Manchuria , in 1931 .

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The Mukden Incident , also known as the Manchurian Incident , was an event set up by Japanese soldiers as a reason for invading the northern part of China known as Manchuria in 1931 .

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In the twentieth century , Imperial Japan expanded into China , Korea and Southeast Asia during the Second World War .


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Question: Although the explosion was so weak that it failed to destroy the track and a train passed over it minutes later , the Imperial Japanese Army , accusing Chinese dissidents of the act , responded with a full invasion that led to the occupation of Manchuria , in which Japan established its puppet state of Manchukuo six months later .

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Japan set up its puppet state of Manchukuo six months later .

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The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty , Puyi , who was living in exile in Tianjin was invited by the Japanese to accept the throne of the new Empire of Manchukuo , which was controlled by the Japanese army .


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Question: California is bordered by Oregon to the north , Nevada to the east , Arizona to the southeast , and the Mexican State of Baja California to the south .

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It is bordered by Arizona to the southeast , Oregon to the north , Nevada to the east and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south .

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It is a small state , shaped like a letter ( S ) , and bordered on the west by Pennsylvania and Delaware across the Delaware River , on the north by New York , on the northeast by the Hudson River and New York City , on the east and southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , and on the southwest by Delaware Bay .


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Question: It is home to the nation 's second and fifth most populous census statistical areas ( Greater Los Angeles area and San Francisco Bay Area , respectively ) , and eight of the nation 's 50 most populated cities ( Los Angeles , San Diego , San Jose , San Francisco , Fresno , Sacramento , Long Beach , and Oakland ) .

Popular cities are Los Angeles , San Diego , San Jose , and San Francisco .

Santa Clarita is about 35 miles ( 56 km ) northwest of downtown Los Angeles . It takes up most of Santa Clarita Valley .


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Question: When Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay and began the military occupation of California by the United States , Northern California capitulated in less than a month to the U.S. forces .

This Republic ended suddenly , however , when Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into San Francisco Bay .

In 1845 Texas joined the United States , which would later lead to the Mexican -- American War .


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Question: California is the 3rd largest state in the United States in area , after Alaska and Texas .

Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest , and the fifteenth largest city in the United States of America .


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Question: It is the most populous U.S. state , home to one out of eight Americans ( 38 million people ) , and is the third largest state by area ( after Alaska and Texas ) .


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Question: The word California originally referred to the entire region composed of the Baja California peninsula of Mexico , the current U.S. states of California , Nevada , and Utah , and parts of Arizona , New Mexico , Texas and Wyoming .

This area covered the Mexican lands south of it , as well as Nevada , Utah , and parts of Arizona and Wyoming .

They stretch from the northernmost part of British Columbia , in western Canada , to New Mexico , in the southwestern United States .


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Question: `` Jana Gana Mana '' was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950 .

Jana Gana Mana was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on January 24 , 1950 .

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`` Bože pravde '' ( English : `` God of Justice '' , `` Lord of Justice `` or `` Lord , Give Us Justice '' ) is the official national anthem of Serbia , as defined by the Article 7 of the Constitution of Serbia .


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Question: It was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911 .

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It was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress , on 27 December 1911 .

The book was released by the then prime minister of India , Atal Behari Vajpayee on October 30 , 2002 .


Question: Written in highly Sanskritised ( Tatsama ) Bengali , it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore .

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Jana Gana Mana written in Sanskritised Bengali is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel Prize winner Rabindranath Tagore .

He was known for his novel , `` Herbert '' ( 1993 ) , which was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award , and adapted into a movie of the same name in 2005 , by Suman Mukhopadhyay .


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Question: He began his career in Rudar Trbovlje and later coached many clubs in the First League , the highest level in Slovenian football , including Publikum Celje , HIT Gorica , Rudar Velenje , Korotan Prevalje , Dravograd , Aluminij and Mura 05 .

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He later coached many clubs in the First League , including Publikum Celje , HIT Gorica , Rudar Velenje , Korotan Prevalje , Dravograd , Aluminij and Mura 05 .

Grozde was born on May 27 , 1923 in the village of Gorenje Vodale , Tržišče near Mokronog in Lower Carniola , Slovenia .


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Question: With Korotan , he won the Slovenian Indoor Soccer All-Stars Competition and entered the semi-finals of the 2003-04 Slovenian Cup .

With Korotan , he won the Slovenian Indoor Soccer All-Stars Competition .

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In 2010 , Jagiellonia Białystok won the Polish Cup and the Super Cup , and qualified to play in the third round qualification of the UEFA Europa League .


Question: With Gorica , Osmanović became the runner-up of the 1999-2000 season of the First League , played in the semi-finals of the 1999-2000 Slovenian Football Cup and played four matches on the UEFA Cup , making it one of the club 's most successful seasons .

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Examples:
Provided: "Andrea Laura Barber ( 3 July 1976 ) is an American former child actress who acts mainly in TV ." Match: "Andrea Laura Barber ( born July 3 , 1976 ) is an American actress ."

With Gorica , Osmanović finished second in the 1999-2000 season of the First League , entered the semi-finals of the 1999-2000 Slovenian Football Cup and played four matches on the UEFA Cup .

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The club was founded in 1913 , and it is one of the country 's most successful teams in Europe , being the first Israeli club to qualify for the group stage of the UEFA Champions League .


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Question: He also worked with other managers , including Stanko Poklepović , to whom he was the assistant coach at Celje before taking over the position of head coach after Poklepović 's departure from the club .

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He also worked with other coaches like Stanko Poklepović ; he was his assistant coach at Celje before taking over the position of head coach .

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Edin Osmanović ( born 20 May 1964 ) is a Slovenian UEFA Pro football coach . Since 2013 , he has been the head coach of the Slovenian First Football League club Aluminij from Kidričevo .


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Question: After Osmanović got his Slovenian Pro Licence , he started his coaching in Rudar Trbovlje .

He started his coaching career in Rudar Trbovlje .

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He started his career in 2001 in the World Cup qualification match versus Liechtenstein .


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Question: Edin Osmanović ( born 20 May 1964 ) is a Slovenian-Bosnian UEFA Pro football coach who is currently the head coach of the Slovenian First Football League side Aluminij , a club from Kidričevo that he previously coached from 2004 to 2006 and reprised his position in 2013 .

Edin Osmanović ( born 20 May 1964 ) is a Slovenian UEFA Pro football coach .

Titus Malachi Bramble ( born 31 July 1981 ) is an English footballer . He is at present without a club , having left Sunderland at the end of the 2012 -- 2013 Premier League season .


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Question: Gingerbread foods vary , ranging from a soft , moist loaf cake to something close to a ginger biscuit .

Gingerbread is a word which describes different sweet food products from soft cakes to a ginger biscuit .

It is simply any traditional or vegetarian mincemeat mixed with flour , eggs , and other pastry ingredients , to transform it into a cake batter ; or it can also be steamed as a Christmas pudding .


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Question: It is among the earliest universities of the world and the second oldest in Italy .

represent the following sentence such that it is similar to a related wikipedia-style sentence The provided query could be "Each Japanese region has a preferred way of cooking sukiyaki ." and the positive "Like other nabemono dishes , each region has a preferred way of cooking sukiyaki ."

It is one of the oldest European universities and the second oldest in Italy .

In various surveys and rankings , it has been included among the best campuses in the nation for African Americans .


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Question: Therefore , the coaster was standing but not operating for the whole 2011 season .

The coaster had been standing but not operating for the whole season in 2011 .

However , during the final six months of the season he scored 18 goals in his final 24 appearances .


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Question: Xpress is a steel roller coaster at Walibi Holland in Biddinghuizen , Netherlands .

Xpress is a steel launched roller coaster at Walibi Holland in The Netherlands .

The Boss is a wooden roller coaster . It is at Six Flags St. Louis in Eureka , Missouri .


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Question: In August 2011 , Walibi Holland decided to re-paint the track , to get rid of the old Superman colors ( Black track and White supports . )

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Examples:
Provided: "They weigh 550-700 lb ( 250-320 kg ) less than the steel brakes normally fitted to the 737 Next Generation family ." Match: "These new brakes , now certified by the Federal Aviation Administration , weigh 550-700 lb ( 250-320 kg ) less than the steel brakes normally fitted to the Next-Gen 737s ( weight savings depend on whether standard or high-capacity brakes are fitted ) ."

Therefore , Walibi Holland decided to paint the track .

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In 2009 , the coaster got spare coaster trains from a sister coaster called Twisted Twins . It was at Kentucky Kingdom ( then known as Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom ) .


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Question: It is the first LSM-coaster in Europe .

As of November 2012 , it was still the largest FPS inside Facebook .


Question: represent the following sentence such that it is similar to a related wikipedia-style sentence E.g. "Hemichordata is a phylum of marine deuterostome animals , generally considered the sister group of the echinoderms ." == "The Hemichordata is a phylum of worm-shaped marine deuterostome animals , generally considered the sister group of the echinoderms ." != "Most researchers believe them to be basal among the bilateria , slightly more derived than the Cnidaria ."

Question: Between 1908 and 1952 the village was served by Wilby railway station on the Mid-Suffolk Light Railway .

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Between 1908 and 1952 the village had a railway station on the Mid-Suffolk Light Railway .

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Clapton is on a branch of the Lea Valley Lines . The branch separates into Tottenham Hale and St James Street .


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Question: Nightwish is a symphonic power metal band from Kitee , Finland .

Nightwish is a symphonic metal band from Finland .

Bring Me the Horizon are a British metalcore band from Sheffield , Yorkshire , England .


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Question: In early 1997 , following the release of the Nightwish demo , Jukka `` Julius '' Nevalainen joined the band , and acoustic guitar was replaced with electric guitar .

Jukka Nevalainen joined the band to play the drums .

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The band 's lineup was completed when Will Champion joined to take up percussion duties .


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Question: He soon invited friend and schoolmate Erno `` Emppu '' Vuorinen to play acoustic guitars , and the classical vocalist Tarja Turunen , who shared the same music teacher , Plamen Dimov .

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He asked Tarja Turunen to sing and Emppu Vuorinen to play guitar .

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Stefan Elmgren played some of the guitars on the Glory to the Brave album ( such as the acoustic guitars on `` I Believe '' ) and Patrik Räfling actually played the drums on all songs in place of Jesper , but only as a guest performers , not members of the band .


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Question: The game follows Sonic and his friends as they travel through various zones in order to stop Dr. Eggman from taking over South Island .

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The game follows Sonic and his friends as they try to stop Dr. Eggman from taking over South Island .

It turns out that Nightmare had corrupted the Star Rod , and King Dedede removed the Star Rod , broke it , and spread it across Dream Land with the intention of protecting Dream Land .


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Question: It was released in Japan on December 20 , 2001 , in North America on February 3 , 2002 and finally in PAL regions on March 8 , 2002 .

It was released in Japan on December 20 , 2001 , in North America on February 4 , 2002 , and in Europe on March 23 , 2002 .

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The Volume One DVD box set , included all seven episodes and the second season . It was released in Region 1 on April 15 , 2003 , Region 2 on November 12 , 2001 , and Region 4 on October 20 , 2003 .


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Question: Tiny Chao Garden is more limited than the Chao Garden : Chao do n't age , can only interact with fruit and three toys ( which must be bought in the Tiny Chao Garden itself ) , and only one Chao can be in it at once .

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Also featured in the game is the Tiny Chao Garden .

The screens are also used to enter hotel levels that were already played and the map of the Mushroom Kingdom , , which allows the player to access any visited hotel .


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Question: The game features four playable characters ; Sonic , Tails , Knuckles and Amy .

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Four characters are playable in the game : Sonic , Tails , Knuckles , and Amy .

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He has voiced Mario , Luigi , Wario , Waluigi , Toadsworth , Metal Mario , Shadow Mario , Donkey Kong , [ 2 ] MC Ballyhoo , Mini-Mario Toy , Baby Mario , Baby Luigi and Baby Wario in most games wherein these characters speak .


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Question: A port of Sonic Advance titled SonicN was released as a launch title for the Nokia N-Gage in North America on October 7 , 2003 .

A version titled Sonic N was later released for the N-Gage on October 7 , 2003 .

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"Genetic counselling , or counseling , is the process by which clients are advised about genetic disorders ." == "Genetic counseling is the process by which patients or relatives at risk of an inherited disorder , are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder , the probability of developing or transmitting it , and the options open to them in management and family planning ."

It was first sold in stores in North America on May 15 , 2006 , and was later sold in stores in Japan on May 25 , 2006 , in Australia on June 8 , 2006 , and in Europe on June 30 , 2006 . A sequel , New Super Mario Bros. .


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Question: Each character has a special ability , such as Sonic 's splice shield , Tails ' flight and Knuckles ' gliding and climbing abilities .

Each character has their own special ability : Sonic can defeat enemies with a shield attack , Tails can fly , Knuckles can glide and climb on walls , and Amy can attack enemies with her hammer ( the other characters defeat enemies by jumping on them ) .

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In battle , the player is required to defeat all the enemies by attacks with weapons , using Psynergy spells , or other ways .


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Question: McKellen 's work spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theater to popular fantasy and science fiction .

His work has spanned genres from serious Shakespearean and modern theater to popular fantasy and science fiction movies .

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Richard Roxburgh ( born January 1 , 1962 ) is an Australian actor . He has starred in many Australian movies and has appeared in supporting roles in a number of Hollywood productions .


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Question: Sir Ian Murray McKellen , CH , CBE ( born 25 May 1939 ) is an English actor .

Sir Ian Murray McKellen , CBE , CH ( born 25 May 1939 ) is a highly acclaimed English actor for both theater and movies .

Denholm Mitchell Elliott , CBE ( 31 May 1922 -- 6 October 1992 ) was an English film , television and theatre actor .


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Question: He appeared as Sir Leigh Teabing in The Da Vinci Code .

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Best known for his roles as Gandalf in the 2001-2003 Lord of the Rings movie trilogy , as Sir Leigh Teabing in The Da Vinci Code , and as Magneto in the X-Men series of movies .

Michael Joseph John Berry , Jr. ( born 1964 in Oxford , England ) is a British actor known for portraying characters in well known films such as the Irish sailor Twigg in Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl , the man who kidnapped Julia Meade in Mission : Impossible III , Daniel the Bull in Where the Wild Things Are and Vladi in The Hangover Part II .


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Question: McKellen was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1979 , was knighted in 1991 for services to the performing arts , and was made a Companion of Honour for services to drama and to equality , in the 2008 New Year Honours .

In 2008 he was made a Companion of Honour .

He is a Queen 's Counsel . Belgrave was awarded the Companion of Honour of Barbados for his contribution to the legal system in Barbados .


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Question: Wollemia was only known through fossil records until the Australian species Wollemia nobilis was discovered in 1994 in a temperate rainforest wilderness area of the Wollemi National Park in New South Wales , in a remote series of narrow , steep-sided sandstone gorge 150 kilometres north-west of Sydney .

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Wollemia nobilis was discovered in 1994 in a temperate rainforest wilderness area of the Wollemi National Park in New South Wales .

In Australia , cicadas are found on tropical islands and cold coastal beaches around Tasmania ; in tropical wetlands ; high and low deserts ; alpine areas of New South Wales and Victoria ; large cities like Sydney , Melbourne , and Brisbane ; and Tasmanian highlands and snowfields .


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Question: The Wollemi pine is classified as Critically Endangered ( CR - D ) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature 's Red List 2002 , and is legally protected in Australia .

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Given Seventeen of his novels were best-sellers , with over 100 million copies in print ., a positive would be Seventeen of his novels were bestsellers , and more than 100 million copies of his books are in print .

The Wollemi pine is classified as Critically Endangered ( CR - D ) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature 's Red List 2002 .

Populations are stable and are of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) .


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Question: In both botanical and popular literature the tree has been almost universally dubbed the Wollemi Pine , although it is not a true pine ( genus Pinus ) nor a member of the pine family ( Pinaceae ) , but rather is related to Agathis and Araucaria in the family Araucariaceae .

It is not a true pine ( genus Pinus ) nor a member of the pine family ( Pinaceae ) , but is related to Agathis and Araucaria in the family Araucariaceae .

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The southern beeches Nothofagus previously thought closely related to beeches , are now treated as members of a separate family , Nothofagaceae .


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Question: Nordvorpommern ( `` North Western Pomerania '' ) was a Kreis ( district ) in the northern part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany .

Nordvorpommern ( `` North Western Pomerania '' ) is a Kreis ( district ) in the northern part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany .

Gotha is a Kreis ( rural district ) in the middle of Thuringia , Germany .


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Question: Between the Darß and the mainland there is a very shallow lagoon , which is a part of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park , just as the entire peninsula itself .

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Between the Darß and the mainland there is a very shallow lagoon .

It is on the coast of the Baltic Sea , and it surrounds the coastal city of Stralsund .


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Question: The district was created in 1994 by merging the three previous districts Grimmen , Ribnitz-Damgarten and Stralsund .

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The modern district was made in 1994 by joining the three old districts of Grimmen , Ribnitz-Damgarten and Stralsund .

It belongs to the Nordsachsen Rural District and is subdivided into the urban districts `` Mitte '' , `` Ost '' and `` Berg '' ( Stadtteile ) and the villages `` Behlitz '' , `` Hainichen '' , `` Kospa '' , `` Pressen '' , `` Wedelwitz '' and `` Zschettgau '' ( Ortsteile ) .


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Question: It was situated at the coast of the Baltic Sea , where it enclosed the city of Stralsund .

It is on the coast of the Baltic Sea , and it surrounds the coastal city of Stralsund .

The settlement was founded by reason of two old merchant roads crossing nearby , as well as a ford crossing the river Ems .


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Question: In the case of some assault rifles , such as the H&K G36 or Steyr AUG , the SAW is simply the standard rifle with a few parts replaced .

In the case of some assault rifles , such as the H&K G36 or Steyr AUG , the SAW is simply the usual rifle with a few parts changed .

The FG 42 had a 20 , or sometimes 10 , round magazine which was put into the left side of the rifle .


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Question: SAWs usually fire the same cartridge as the assault rifles or battle rifles carried by other members of the unit .

SAWs usually fire the same cartridge as the assault rifles or battle rifles used by other people in the squad\/section .

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Infantry guns are artillery weapons for the use of infantry units .


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Question: A squad automatic weapon ( SAW , also known as section automatic weapon or light support weapon ) is a weapon used to give infantry squads or sections a portable source of automatic firepower .

A squad automatic weapon ( SAW , also known as section automatic weapon or light support weapon ) is a weapon used to give infantry squads or sections automatic firepower that can easily be moved around .

Some machine guns , such as general-purpose machine guns , can be used as either a light machine gun or a medium machine gun .


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Question: Weapons used in this role are selective fire rifles , usually fitted with a bipod and heavier barrel to perform as light machine guns .

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They usually have a bipod and a heavier barrel so that they can be used as light machine guns .

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However , the Austrian Army , who uses the most Steyr AUGs , does n't use the HBAR ( heavy barrel ) version of the assault rifle .


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Question: However , the Austrian Army , though issuing the Steyr AUG rifle , does not issue the HBAR ( heavy barrel ) variant .

However , the Austrian Army , who uses the most Steyr AUGs , does n't use the HBAR ( heavy barrel ) version of the assault rifle .

Many SAWs ( such as the RPK and L86 ) are just assault rifles or battle rifles that have been changed .


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Question: Many SAWs ( such as the RPK and L86 ) are modified assault rifles or battle rifles that may have increased ammunition capacity and heavier barrels to withstand continued fire and will almost always have a bipod .

Many SAWs ( such as the RPK and L86 ) are just assault rifles or battle rifles that have been changed .

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`` Automatic rifle '' usually means that the rifle has a fully automatic design , not semi-automatic .


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Question: SAWs are light enough to be operated by one man , as opposed to heavy machine guns such as the Browning M2 , which fire more powerful cartridges but require a crew to operate at full effectiveness .

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However , heavy machine guns such as the Browning M2 are more powerful but need a crew to be as effective as they can be .

Other wildcats based on the heavy machine gun .50 BMG and similar anti-materiel rounds have been devised which are much more powerful , though they are not generally useful hunting arms because they are heavier than 25 lb .


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Question: NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming .

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NPR produces and spreads news and cultural programming .

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JLTV has news , sports , lifestyle and entertainment programming .


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Question: Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced .

Most public radio stations broadcast some NPR programs .

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The following programs are no longer being made . Some of them may still be broadcast as reruns on some PBS stations or other channels .


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Question: This act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson , and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , which also created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR .

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This act was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson .

The post was created with the formation of the Department of Energy on October 1 , 1977 by President Jimmy Carter 's signing of the Department of Energy Organization Act .


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Question: It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo 's Albanian-majority political institutions , the first was proclaimed on 7 September 1990 .

It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo 's Albanian-majority political institutions , the first having been proclaimed on 7 September 1990 .

Facing permanent internal and external problems , the young state was not able to withstand the invasion by the Russian SFSR Red Armies . It collapsed between February and March of 1921 to become a Soviet republic .


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Question: The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was adopted on 17 February 2008 by the Assembly of Kosovo .

The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was an act of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government Assembly of Kosovo , adopted on 17 February 2008 by unanimous quorum ( 109 members present ) , which declared Kosovo to be independent from Serbia .

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The recent election took place on 2 March 2012 . The new parliament will be opened on 27 May 2012 .


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Question: The court delivered its advisory opinion on 22 July 2010 ; by a vote of 10 to 4 , it declared that `` the declaration of independence of the 17th of February 2008 did not violate general international law because international law contains no ` prohibition on declarations of independence ' . ''

On July 22 , 2010 the International Court of Justice ruled that the declaration did not violate international law .

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In addition , the first sentence of article 3 explicitly states that `` The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states . ''


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Question: The GC is the highest gallantry award for civilians , as well as for members of the armed forces in actions for which purely military honors would not normally be granted .

It is the highest gallantry award for civilians .

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While current law , ( United States Code Title 10 ) , beginning in 1918 , explicitly state that recipients must be serving in the U.S. Armed Forces at the time of performing a valorous act that warrants the award , exceptions have been made .


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Question: Diseases or conditions linked to candidiasis include HIV\/AIDS , mononucleosis , cancer treatments , steroids , stress , and nutrient deficiency .

HIV\/AIDS , cancer treatments , steroids , stress and not enough nutrients may cause candidiasis .

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Gout often makes these other problems worse or harder to treat : polycythemia , lead poisoning , renal failure , hemolytic anemia , psoriasis , and solid organ transplants .


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Question: Candidiasis or thrush is a fungal infection ( mycosis ) of any species from the genus Candida ( one genus of yeasts ) .

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For humans there is a range of diseases such as infection to the external ear , skin lesions , and ulcers classed as mycetomas .


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Question: Candida albicans is the most common agent of Candidiasis in humans .

Candida albicans is the most common species .

In women , urinary tract infections are the most common form of bacterial infection .


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Question: The Renault Vel Satis was an executive car produced by the French manufacturer Renault , launched at the 2001 Geneva Motorshow to replace the already-discontinued Safrane .

The Renault Vel Satis was a large automobile created by the French car manufacturer Renault .

The Opel Combo is a panel van and leisure activity vehicle made by the German company Opel .


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Question: The program was first sold publicly as Keynote 1.0 in 2003 , competing against existing presentation software , most notably Microsoft PowerPoint .

It was later sold to everyone as Keynote 1.0 , competing against other presentation software , especially Microsoft PowerPoint .

It came out in 1995 for MS-DOS and Apple Macintosh , and a version was later made for Sony Playstation .


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Question: A still more broad definition includes everything that has existed , exists , or will exist .

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An even wider definition includes everything that has existed , exists , or will exist .

For this reason , it is different from a nonce word , which may never be recorded , or which may find currency and may be widely recorded , or which may appear several times in the work which coins it , and so on .


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Question: At the same time , what is abstract plays a role both in everyday life and in academic research .

All the same , what is abstract plays a role in everyday life and in academic research .

However , it can be improved considerably with the help of special training .


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Question: Reality is the state of things as they actually exist , rather than as they may appear or might be imagined .

Reality is the state of things as they are , rather than as they may appear or might be imagined .

In his 1973 book Behind the Mirror : a search for a natural history of human knowledge , Lorenz considers an old philosophical question : Do our senses actually tell us about the world as it is ?


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Question: Reality is often contrasted with what is imaginary , delusional , ( only ) in the mind , dreams , what is false , what is fictional , or what is abstract .

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Reality is often contrasted with what is imaginary , delusional , in the mind , dreams , what is false , what is fictional , or what is abstract .

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A doctor or psychiatrist may say that a delusion is false , because it `` seems '' to be unlikely or bizarre.Psychiatrists rarely have the time or resources to check the validity of a person 's claims ; this means that some true beliefs are erroneously classified as delusional .


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Question: Fictions are considered not real .

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Fairy tales ' histories are hard to find .


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Question: In a wider definition , reality includes everything that is and has been , whether or not it is observable or comprehensible .

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In a wider definition , reality includes everything that is and has been , whether or not we can see it and understand it .

Conclusions sometimes include : `` God does not exist '' ( strong atheism ) ; `` God almost certainly does not exist '' ( `` de facto '' atheism ) ; `` no one knows whether God exists '' ( agnosticism ) ; `` God exists , but this can not be proven or disproven '' ( deism or theism ) ; and `` God exists and this can be proven '' ( theism ) .


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Question: Chitral is connected to the rest of Pakistan by two road routes , the Lowari Pass ( el .

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Chitral is connected to the rest of Pakistan by only two road routes , the Lowari Pass ( el .

The village of Deosai lies close to Chilum chokki and is connected with the Kargil District of Ladakh in the occupied Kashmir disputed region through an all-weather road .


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Question: Chitral is also home to the Kalash tribe , who live in Bumburet and two other remote valleys southwest of Chitral town .

Chitral is also home to the Kalash tribe who reside in three remote valleys southwest of Chitral town .

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This 100 km highway of ice connects two ancient mountain kingdoms , Nagar ( immediately south of Hunza ) in the west with Baltistan in the east .


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Question: Chitral ( Urdu : ضلع چترال ) is the largest district in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan , covering an area of 14,850 km ² .

Chitral ( Urdu : ضلع چترال ) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan that contains the town of Chitral .

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Besham ( also known as Besham Qala ) is the largest town and commercial centre of the Shangla District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan .


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Question: The terrain of Chitral is very mountainous and Tirich Mir ( 25,289 feet ) the highest peak of the Hindu Kush , rises in the north of the district .

Tirich Mir which at 25,289 feet ( 7,708 metres ) is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush , rises in the north of the district .

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The people belonging to Balti nationality are settled on both banks of the river Indus from Kargil ( in the east ) to Haramosh ( in the west ) and from Karakoram range ( in the north ) to Deosai plains ( in the south ) .


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Question: A narrow strip of Wakhan Corridor separates Chitral from Tajikistan in the north .

Chitral District is the most northerly district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province , to the west and north is Afghanistan - in the north the Wakhan Corridor , a narrow strip claimed by Pakistan , it separates Pakistan from Central Asian Union .


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Question: Jenson Alexander Lyons Button , MBE ( born 19 January 1980 ) is a British Formula One driver from England currently signed to McLaren .

Jenson Alexander Lyons Button , MBE ( born 19 January 1980 in Frome , Somerset ) is a British Formula One driver currently signed to McLaren Mercedes .

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Christian Klien ( born 7 February 1983 ) is an Austrian Formula One racing driver .


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Question: He finished the season seventh with 14 points , one place and 5 points ahead of Trulli .

Button finished the season in seventh with fourteen points , just ahead of Trulli .

McCabe had a good 2001 -- 02 season with Toronto , having a 17-goal , 43-point breakout season , as well as , 53 points two seasons later , ending in a fourth place finish in Norris Trophy voting Second Team All-Star honours .


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Question: These included his popular roles as Bret Maverick in the 1950s western-comedy series , Maverick , and Jim Rockford in the 1970s detective drama , The Rockford Files .

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He has acted in several television series in a career of more than fifty years , including his roles as Bret Maverick in the popular 1950s western-comedy series , Maverick and Jim Rockford in the popular 1970s detective drama , The Rockford Files .

Edward Cuthbert Platt ( February 14 , 1916 -- March 19 , 1974 ) was an American actor best known for his role as `` The Chief '' in the 1965-70 NBC/CBS television series `` Get Smart '' .


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Question: James Garner ( born James Scott Bumgarner ; April 7 , 1928 ) is an American film and television actor , one of the first Hollywood actors to excel in both media .

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James Garner ( born April 7 , 1928 ) is an American movie and television actor .

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Joe Turkel ( born July 15 , 1927 ) is an American character actor of movie and television .


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Question: He has starred in more than fifty films , including The Great Escape ( 1963 ) , Paddy Chayefsky 's The Americanization of Emily ( 1964 ) , Blake Edwards ' Victor Victoria ( 1982 ) , Murphy 's Romance ( 1985 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination , and The Notebook ( 2004 ) .

He has acted in many movies , including The Great Escape ( 1963 ) and Paddy Chayefsky 's The Americanization of Emily ( 1964 ) .

She has acted in the movies `` Permanent Midnight '' ( 1998 ) , `` Payback '' ( 1999 ) , `` Coyote Ugly '' ( 2000 ) , `` The Cooler '' ( 2003 ) , `` A History of Violence '' ( 2005 ) , `` Thank You for Smoking '' ( 2006 ) , and `` The Jane Austen Book Club '' ( 2007 ) .


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Question: In these double-blind experiments , neither the participants nor the researchers know which participants belong to the control group , nor the test group .

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In a double-blind experiment , neither the participants nor the researchers know which participants belong to the control group , and which to the test group .

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Another factor is that knowledge of results may give information to the instructor as to ways the material can be improved .


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Question: Random assignment of test subjects to the experimental and control groups is a critical part of any double-blind research design .

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Random assignment of test subjects to the experimental and control groups is the key to any double-blind research design .

In many cases , the quality of a scientific field depends on how well the mathematical models built on theory agree with results of repeatable experiments .


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Question: Double-blind describes an especially stringent way of conducting an experiment which attempts to eliminate subjective , unrecognized biases carried by an experiment 's subjects and conductors .

It tries to eliminate subjective , unrecognized biases carried by an experiment 's subjects and conductors .

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This ` introspection illusion ' may cause differences between the self and other people , because people trust these unreliable introspections when forming attitudes about themselves but not about others .


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Question: The key that identifies the subjects and which group they belonged to is kept by a third party , and is not revealed to the researchers until the study is over .

The information about who the subjects were , and which group they belonged to , is kept by a third party until the study is over .

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Where data must need be used , the ideal is to use `` hard '' , `` objective '' criteria for assigning the classifications ( see definition ) , such that different classifiers would produce the same assignments .


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Question: Fossils have been discovered in the rocks of Tendaguru Hill in Tanzania .

Fossils of Dicraeosaurus have been found in the rocks of Tendaguru Hill in Tanzania .

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The footprints were found in sediment , partially covered by beach sand , at low tide on the shore at Happisburgh .


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Question: The title of Duke of Noailles was a French peerage created in 1663 for Anne of Noailles , count of Ayen .

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The title of Duke of Noailles was a French peerage created in 1663 for Anne de Noailles , Count of Ayen .

Maria Teresa was engaged to Charles Philippe of France , youngest grandson of Louis XV .


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Question: Henri ( 1554-1623 ) , son of Antoine , was a commander in the religious wars , and was made comte d'Ayen by Henry IV of France in 1593 .

Henri ( 1554-1623 ) , son of Antoine , was a commander in the religious wars , and was made Count of Ayen by Henry IV of France in 1593 .

Louis de Béchamel , marquis de Nointel ( 1630-1703 ) was a French financier and patron of the arts .


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Question: Carl Sagan was born in Brooklyn , New York .

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Carl Sagan was born in Brooklyn , New York City where his father , Sam Sagan , was a Jewish clothes maker and his mother , Rachel Molly Gruber , was a housewife .

Kameny was born on May 21 , 1925 in New York City , New York .


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Question: After suffering from myelodysplasia , Sagan died of pneumonia at the age of 62 on December 20 , 1996 .

After a long and difficult fight with myelodysplasia , Sagan died of pneumonia at the age of 62 , on December 20 , 1996 , at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle , Washington .

Dufresne died on 14 June 2014 in New York City from cancer , aged 78 .


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Question: Carl Edward Sagan ( \ / ˈseɪɡən \ / ; November 9 , 1934 - December 20 , 1996 ) was an American astronomer , astrophysicist , cosmologist , author , science popularizer and science communicator in astronomy and natural sciences .

Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 , 1934 - December 20 , 1996 ) was an American astronomer .

Alfred de Grazia ( December 29 , 1919 - July 12 , 2014 ) , born in Chicago , Illinois , was an American political scientist and author .


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Question: From Cosmos and his frequent appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , Sagan became associated with the catchphrase `` billions and billions '' .

After Cosmos , Sagan was linked with the catchphrase `` billions and billions '' , which he never used in the television series ( but he often used the word `` billions '' ) .

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He was voted Most Likely to Succeed , and in 1980 , after he graduated from high school , Dunham gave himself a career goal of obtaining , within ten years , an appearance on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson , which was seen as the `` holy grail '' for comedians .


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Question: Viscum album is used in Europe whereas Phoradendron serotinum is used in North America .

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Viscum album is used in Europe and Phoradendron serotinum is used in North America .

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Henbane ( `` Hyoscyamus niger '' ) , also known as stinking nightshade , is a plant of the family Solanaceae that originated in Eurasia , but it is now found everywhere .


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Question: According to custom , the mistletoe must not touch the ground between its cutting and its removal as the last of Christmas greens at Candlemas .

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According to custom , the mistletoe must not touch the ground between its cutting and its removal as the last of Christmas greens at Candlemas ; it may remain hanging through the year , often to preserve the house from lightning or fire , until it was replaced the following Christmas Eve .

According to popular British folklore , the tradition once had a sinister twist , in that the May Queen was put to death once the festivities were over .


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Question: European mistletoe , Viscum album , figured prominently in Greek mythology , and is believed to be The Golden Bough of Aeneas , ancestor of the Romans .

European mistletoe played a large role in Greek mythology , and is believed to be The Golden Bough of Aeneas , ancestor of the Romans .

The story of the adventures of Orion , the hunter , is the one on which we have the most evidence ( and even on that not very much ) ; he is also the personification of the constellation of the same name ; he was venerated as a hero , in the Greek sense , in the region of Boeotia ; and there is one etiological passage which says that Orion was responsible for the present shape of the Straits of Sicily .


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Question: The name mistletoe was originally applied to Viscum album ( European mistletoe , of the family Santalaceae in the order Santalales ) , the only species native in Great Britain and much of Europe .

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The name was first given to Viscum album ( European Mistletoe , Santalaceae ) , the only species native in Great Britain and much of Europe .


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Question: Mistletoe is commonly used as a Christmas decoration , though such use was rarely alluded to until the 18th century .

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Mistletoe is often used as a Christmas decoration .

The tradition originates from the Nordic region . It has changed very little since the 1870s .


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Question: Mistletoe ( Phoradendron serotinum ) is the state floral emblem for the state of Oklahoma .

Mistletoe ( Phoradendron flavescens ) is the state floral emblem for the State of Oklahoma .

Bing is a cultivar ( farmed type ) of the wild or sweet cherry ( Prunus avium ) that started in the Pacific Northwest , in Milwaukie , Oregon , United States .


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Question: According to an old Christmas custom , a man and a woman who meet under a hanging of mistletoe were obliged to kiss .

According to a custom during Christmas , any two people who meet under a hanging of mistletoe are urged to kiss .

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Question: Later the name mistletoe was further extended to other related species and even families , including Phoradendron serotinum , the eastern mistletoe of eastern North America .

Later the name was fgiven to other related species , including Phoradendron serotinum ( the Eastern Mistletoe of eastern North America , also Santalaceae ) .

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Viscum album is used in Europe and Phoradendron serotinum is used in North America .


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Question: Mistletoe is the common name for obligate hemiparasitic plants in several families in the order Santalales .

Mistletoe is the common name for a group of hemi-parasitic plants in the order Santalales that grow attached to and within the branches of a tree or shrub .

The Cucurbitales is an order of flowering plants , included in the rosid group of dicotyledons .


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Question: Second , for the purpose of the theorem every `` country '' has to be a simply connected region , or contiguous .

For the purpose of the theorem every `` country '' has to be a simply connected region , or contiguous .

Last , there are surfaces which do not have a surface normal at each point with consistent results ( for example , the Möbius strip ) .


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Question: For instance , consider a simplified map : In this map , the two regions labeled A belong to the same country , and must be the same color .

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For instance , consider a simplified map , such as the one shown on the left : In this map , the two regions labeled A belong to the same country , and must be the same color .

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Very often , the spheres all have the same size , and the space used is usually three-dimensional Euclidean space .


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Question: This graph is planar ( it is important to note that we are talking about the graphs that have some limitations according to the map they are transformed from only ) : it can be drawn in the plane without crossings by placing each vertex at an arbitrarily chosen location within the region to which it corresponds , and by drawing the edges as curves that lead without crossing within each region from the vertex location to each shared boundary point of the region .

This graph is planar : it can be drawn in the plane without crossings by placing each vertex at an arbitrarily chosen location within the region to which it corresponds , and by drawing the edges as curves that lead without crossing within each region from the vertex location to each shared boundary point of the region .

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If there are nodes of odd degree , then any Eulerian path will start at one of them and end at the other .


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Question: In addition , bizarre maps ( using regions of finite area but infinite perimeter ) can require more than four colors .

Secondly , bizarre maps with regions of finite area and infinite perimeter can require more than four colors .

On the other hand , problems 1 , 2 , 5 , 9 , 15 , 18 + , and 22 have solutions that have partial acceptance , but there exists some controversy as to whether it resolves the problem .


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Question: In mathematics , the four color theorem , or the four color map theorem , states that , given any separation of a plane into contiguous regions , producing a figure called a map , no more than four colors are required to color the regions of the map so that no two adjacent regions have the same color .

Intuitively , the four color theorem can be stated as ` given any separation of a plane into contiguous regions , called a map , the regions can be colored using at most four colors so that no two regions which are adjacent have the same color ' .

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For instance, <<Trash bins and mail boxes have been removed from station platforms and concourse levels to station entrances . This is to eliminate the risk that bombs will be placed in them .>>  to <<Trash bins and mail boxes have been removed from station platforms and concourse levels to station entrances , to eliminate the risk that bombs will be placed in them .>>

A Hamiltonian path is a path in a graph which contains each vertex of the graph exactly once .


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Question: Three colors are adequate for simpler maps , but an additional fourth color is required for some maps , such as a map in which one region is surrounded by an odd number of other regions that touch each other in a cycle .

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The forth color is required for some maps , such as one in which one region is surrounded by an odd number of others , which touch each other in a cycle .

This graph is planar : it can be drawn in the plane without crossings by placing each vertex at an arbitrarily chosen location within the region to which it corresponds , and by drawing the edges as curves that lead without crossing within each region from the vertex location to each shared boundary point of the region .


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Question: If A consisted of three regions , six or more colors might be required ; one can construct maps that require an arbitrarily high number of colors .

In this manner , it is possible to construct maps that require an arbitrarily high number of colors .

However , this rule will still introduce a negative bias for even numbers ( including zero ) , and a positive bias for the odd ones .


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Question: During the 1960s and 1970s German mathematician Heinrich Heesch developed methods of using computers to search for a proof .

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In the 1960s and 1970s , Heinrich Heesch developed a first sketch of a proof by computer .

Mathematical group theory has been adapted to study of symmetry in molecules .


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Question: In the real world , this is not true ( e.g. , Michigan and its Upper Peninsula , Nakhchivan as part of Azerbaijan , and Kaliningrad as part of Russia are not contiguous ) .

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In the real world , this is not true : Alaska as part of the United States , Nakhchivan as part of Azerbaijan , and Kaliningrad as part of Russia are not contiguous .

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Sometimes , even larger areas enter into `` twinning '' agreements , such as that between the provinces of Hainan in China and Jeju in South Korea .


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Question: The five color theorem , which has a short elementary proof , states that five colors suffice to color a map and was proven in the late 19th century ( Heawood 1890 ) ; however , proving that four colors suffice turned out to be significantly harder .

( Heawood 1890 ) Proving that four colors suffice turned out to be significantly more difficult .

The Ramsey theory is named after the British mathematician and philosopher Frank Ramsey ( 1903 -- 1930 ) . It is a branch of mathematics that studies the conditions under which order must appear .


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Question: The conjecture was first proposed on October 23 , 1852 when Francis Guthrie , while trying to color the map of counties of England , noticed that only four different colors were needed .

He found that he needed at least four colors to color a map of the counties of England .

The squares ( sequence A000290 in OEIS ) smaller than 602 are : There are infinitely many square numbers , as there are infinitely many natural numbers .


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Question: The four color theorem was proven in 1976 by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken .

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Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken improved this sketch in 1976 ( Robertson and others 1996 ) .

The Erdős number was most likely first defined by Casper Goffman , a mathematician whose Erdős number is 1 .


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Question: Despite the motivation from coloring political maps of countries , the theorem is not of particular interest to mapmakers .

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Even though the problem was first presented as a problem to color political maps of countries , mapmakers are not particularly interested in it .

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Numbers seven and eight on the list are of a different kind from the first six , and are generally not considered by the other authors .


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Question: In December 2006 The Chaser 's War on Everything won an Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) Award for ` Best Television Comedy Series ' and Hansen won an AFI Award for ` Best Performance in a Television Comedy . '

The Chaser 's War on Everything is a comedy television series .

She also won , as part of the cast , for `` Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series '' at the Screen Actors Guild Awards .


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Question: It was originally named as an African species of Brachiosaurus ( B. brancai ) .

It was first named as an African species of Brachiosaurus ( B. brancai ) in 1914 .

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Oligocene North American genera , such as `` Apternodus '' , have been suggested as relatives of `` Solenodon '' .


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Question: Giraffatitan , meaning `` giant giraffe '' , is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the late Jurassic Period ( Kimmeridgian-Tithonian stages ) .

Giraffatitan ( `` giraffe titan '' ) is a genus of sauropod dinosaurs which lived during the Upper Jurassic , about 140 million years ago .

Dromaeosaurus was a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived during the Upper Cretaceous period ( middle late Campanian ) , about 75 million years ago .


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Question: Specific protests included : During this period there were controversies within the Sierra Club about how to lead the anti-nuclear movement , and this led to a split over the Diablo Canyon plant which ended in success for the utilities .

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In this period there were controversies within the Sierra Club about how to lead the anti-nuclear movement , and this led to a split over the Diablo Canyon plant which ended in success for the utilities .

Within a year , the leadership of the commune became embroiled in a conflict with local residents , primarily over land use , which was marked by hostility on both sides .


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Question: The birth of the anti-nuclear movement in California can be traced to controversy over Pacific Gas & Electric 's attempt to build the nation 's first commercially viable nuclear power plant in Bodega Bay .

The start of the anti-nuclear movement in California was the controversy over Pacific Gas & Electric 's attempt to build the nation 's first nuclear power plant in Bodega Bay .

Events at the Fukushima nuclear plant have renewed doubts about the ability to operate many nuclear plants safely over the long term .


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Question: In 1989 , Sacramento voters voted to shut down the Rancho Seco power plant .

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In 1989 , Sacremento voters voted to shut down the Rancho Seco power plant .

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In 1942 , Contra Costa County paid $ 88,000 for land to build an airport in the county .


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Question: It was the largest arrest in the history of the anti-nuclear movement in the United States .

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It was the largest arrest in the history of the U.S. anti-nuclear movement .

It was one of the biggest Jewish communities in all of Kansas .


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Question: Anti-nuclear groups campaigned to stop construction of several proposed plants in the seventies , especially those located on the coast and near fault lines .

While Californian voters failed to pass a 1972 proposal placing a 5-year moratorium on nuclear plant construction , anti-nuclear groups campaigned to stop construction of several proposed plants in the seventies , especially those located on the coast and near fault lines .

Because of this , Marion County is not affected as much by hurricanes compared to the more coastal counties to its east and west .


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Question: On November 14 , 1984 the Davis , California City Council declared the city to be a nuclear free zone .

On November 14th 1984 the Davis , California City Council declared the city to be a nuclear free zone .

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On March 12 , 2004 , the museum announced that it would revert to its old name , the Brooklyn Museum .


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Question: The confrontation between nuclear power advocates and environmentalists grew to include the use of non-violent civil disobedience .

There was confrontation between nuclear power advocates and environmentalists .

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Muller frequently warned of the long-term dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions .


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Question: They were influenced by the Ecology and Free Speech Movements that had inspired activists and had impacted the public consciousness .

They were influenced by the non-material philosophy that had inspired activists and had impacted the public consciousness .

The building 's plans were drawn in the early 1960s , before student activism created a concern for safety .


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Question: In September 1981 , over 1,900 arrests took place during a ten-day blockade at Diablo Canyon Power Plant .

In 1981 , 1,900 activists were arrested during protests at Diablo Canyon Power Plant .

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In December 2010 , some 10,000 people ( mainly fishermen , farmers and their families ) turned out to oppose the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project in western Maharashtra state in India , amid a heavy police presence .