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For instance you may be given 'Throughout his career he worked on the organism Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan .' and it should match with 'In his career he worked on the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan .' but not with 'Spalding carried out some remarkable experiments on animal behaviour , and discovered the phenomenon now known as imprinting . This was later rediscovered by Oskar Heinroth , then studied and popularised by Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen .'.

Question: Reports circulated that Pavelić had fled to Paraguay to work for the Stroessner regime ; his Spanish asylum became known only in late 1959 .

Although there were reports that he had fled to work for the Stroessner regime in Paraguay , Pavelić 's whereabouts remained unknown until late 1959 , where it was learned that he had been granted asylum in Spain .

Unsuccessful negotiations with France for diplomatic status , as well as the impending Nazi occupation of France , forced the Committee to move to London in 1940 .


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Question: In Italy , ragù alla bolognese is often referred to simply as ragù .

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It is called Ragù alla bolognese in Italy .

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This admits only three official variants : Pizza marinara , which is made with tomato , garlic , oregano and extra virgin olive oil ( although most Neapolitan pizzerias also add basil to the marinara ) , Pizza Margherita , made with tomato , mozzarella , basil and extra virgin olive oil , and Pizza Margherita Extra made with tomato , buffalo mozzarella from Campania in fillets , basil and extra virgin olive oil .


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Question: The Los Angeles River 's official beginning is at the confluence of two channelized streams - Bell Creek and Arroyo Calabasas - in the Canoga Park section of the city of Los Angeles , just east of California State Route 27 , at 34 ° 11 ′ 43 ″ N 118 ° 36 ′ 07 ″ W \ / 34.1952 ° N 118.601838 ° W \ / 34.1952 ; -118.601838 .

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Bell Creek and Calabasas Wash ( Arroyo Calabasas or Calabasas Creek ; Calabasa is Spanish for `` pumpkin '' ) flow from opposite sides of the valley to a point ( 34 ° 11 ′ 43 ″ N 118 ° 36 ′ 07 ″ W \ / 34.1952 ° N 118.601838 ° W \ / 34.1952 ; -118.601838 ) where the Los Angeles River officially begins .

Rhenock ( Nepali : रिनाक ) is a small town in East district in the Indian state of Sikkim , located at 27 ° 10 ′ 36 ″ N 88 ° 38 ′ 36 ″ E \ / 27.176622 ° N 88.6432 ° E \ / 27.176622 ; 88.6432 .


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For example, 'Other people and groups arrested or fined were scientist Peter Lee ( no relation ) , who was arrested for allegedly giving submarine radar secrets to China , and Loral Space & Communications and Hughes Electronics who gave China missile secrets .' should have a representation like 'Other people and groups arrested or fined were scientist Peter Lee ( not related to Wen Ho Lee ) , who was arrested for allegedly giving submarine radar secrets to China , and Loral Space & Communications and Hughes Electronics , who gave China missile secrets .' but very far from 'In January 2004 , Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan , a Pakistani nuclear scientist , admitted selling restricted nuclear weapons technology to Libya , Iran , and North Korea .'.

Question: Before the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct , the river was the primary source of fresh water for the city .

With the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913 , the Los Angeles River was no longer needed as a water source .

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The basin provides the only reliable source of freshwater ( water that does not have much salt in it ) through much of inland Australia .


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Question: It now flows through a concrete channel on a fixed course .

Today , the Los Angeles River runs in a fixed course through a concrete channel for nearly its whole length .

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This is most noticeable at the southern end where a gap exists in the rim .


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Question: Bell Creek flows east from the Simi Hills , and Arroyo Calabasas flows north from the Santa Monica Mountains .

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The Santa Monica Mountains and smaller Simi Hills border it on the east side .

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The Santa Monica Mountains are parallel to Santa Susana Mountains , on the north side the San Fernando Valley .


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Question: Cruz situates in the Northern part of Davao del Sur .

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The town is in the northern part of Davao del Sur .

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The city is in the Guayangareo Valley and is the capital of the state .


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Question: After undergoing several political subdivisions , 27,960 hectares of land was left representing 6.7 % of the total land area of Davao del Sur .

The municipality covers 6.7 % of the total land area of Davao del Sur .

The North Region corresponds to 45.27 % of the national territory , the most of Brazilian regions .


Question: Cruz is a 1st class municipality in the province of Davao del Sur , Philippines .

It is part of the province of Davao del Sur , on the island of Mindanao .

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Sogod is a 4th class municipality in the province of Cebu , Philippines .


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Question: One of the municipalities which broke off from the town , Digos , became the capital town of the newly created Davao del Sur province in 1967 ; thirty-three years later it would become a city and will be the most populous in the entire province , excluding Davao City .

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It is south of Davao City , the capital of the province .

It is one of the two ( the other one being the municipality of Consolacion ) local government units located within the mainland Metro Cebu where the elevation of land is less than 100 metres .


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Question: The most common sources of animal protein are chicken , chicken eggs and fresh water fish .

The most common sources of protein are chicken , chicken eggs and fresh water fish .

Similar specifications apply for orange juice , cocoa , sugar , wheat , corn , barley , pork bellies , milk , feedstuffs , fruits , vegetables , other grains , other beans , hay , other livestock , meats , poultry , eggs , or any other commodity which is so traded .


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Question: Typical of West African cuisine , Burkina Faso 's cuisine is based on staple foods of sorghum , millet , rice , maize , peanuts , potatoes , beans , yams and okra .

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The food of Burkina Faso , typical of west African cuisine , is based around staple foods of sorghum , millet , rice , maize , peanuts , potatoes , beans , yams and okra .

The climate of Bié is fresh . The large amount of rainfall makes possible the culture of corn , sugar cane , rice , coffee and peanuts .


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Question: There is also a large artist community in Burkina Faso , especially in Ouagadougou .

There is also a large artist community , especially in Ouagadougou .

Stade Banfora is a stadium in Ouagadougou , Burkina Faso .


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Question: It is surrounded by six countries : Mali to the north ; Niger to the east ; Benin to the southeast ; Togo and Ghana to the south ; and Ivory Coast to the southwest .

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It is next to Mali , Niger , Benin , Togo , Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire .

Atakora is the northwestern department of Benin . It borders Togo to the west and Burkina Faso to the north .


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Question: Its capital is Ouagadougou .

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Question: On 4 August 1984 , as a final result of President Sankara 's activities , the country 's name was eventually changed from Upper Volta to Burkina Faso .

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It used to be called Upper Volta and the name was changed to Burkina Faso in 1984 .

Due to this it was considered , by those countries that recognized it , the legal continuation of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia .


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Question: Soon after coming to power , Yaméogo banned all political parties other than the UDV .

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To give you a sense - "Due to the abolition of the military of Costa Rica in 1948 , the president is not a Commander-in-chief ." should be close to "Due to the abolition of the military of Costa Rica in 1948 , the president is not a Commander-in-chief , unlike the norm in most other countries ."

After he became the president , Yaméogo banned other political parties .

In order to exist between the Communist Party , leading the left , and the Gaullist Party , leading the country , the SFIO , Radicals , and left wing republican groups created the Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left under Mitterrand 's leadership .


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Question: The northwestern part of today 's Burkina Faso was populated by hunter-gatherers between 14,000 and 5000 BC .

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People have lived in the area of Burkina Faso for thousands of years .

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These finds came from Stone Age cultures dated as far back as 100,000 to two million years ago .


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Question: It was a very small town but it grew in importance and population when the railway from town to La Vega ( in La Vega province ) began to run across the rich region of the Cibao .

It was a very small town but it grew in importance and population when the railway from town to La Vega ( in the La Vega province ) began to run across the rich region of the Cibao .

The settlement was founded by reason of two old merchant roads crossing nearby , as well as a ford crossing the river Ems .


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Question: The port has lost its importance because when other ports in the country grew in importance , Sánchez lost its importance as a port .

The port has lost its importance When other ports in the country grew in importance .

It is also the country 's main port of entry , for both sea and air travel , as well as the road and rail transport hub .


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Question: Sánchez , Dominican Republic is a Dominican municipality in the Samaná province , on the south coast of the peninsula of Samaná .

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Sánchez is a Dominican municipality in the Samaná province , on the south coast of the peninsula of Samaná .

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The Dominican city of Santa Cruz de Mao , or simply Mao , is the head municipality of the Valverde province , on the northwest of the country .


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For example, 'In a genetic algorithm , a population of candidate solutions ( called individuals , creatures , or phenotypes ) to an optimization problem is evolved toward better solutions .' should have a representation like 'More simply described , genetic algorithms are a simulation in which a population of abstract representations ( called chromosomes or the genotype of the genome , after their biological counterparts ) of candidate solutions ( called individuals , creatures , or phenotypes ) to an optimisation problem .' but very far from 'Once inside a host , a virus 's main purpose is to make as many copies of itself , and infect other host cells ; everything it does is to benefit its fitness and increase the number of its offspring .'.

Question: And the Yuna River has been filling the Samana Bay with solid material and only small boats can get to the port .

And the Yuna River has been filling the Samaná Bay with solid material and only small boats can get to the port .

All the currents deposit the marine plants and garbage they carry into this sea .


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Question: They covered my body in fat to help it regenerate warmth , and wrapped it in felt as an insulator to keep warmth in . ''

Beuys claimed that he had been saved by a nomadic tribe of Tartars who , sympathetic to the Germans after persecution by the Soviets , ` covered my body in fat to help it regenerate warmth , and wrapped it in felt as an insulator to keep warmth in ' .

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They are covered in soil to protect from the heat and predators .


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Question: The only major retrospective of Beuys work to be organised in Beuys 's lifetime opened at the Guggenheim Museum in New York in 1979 .

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Famous works are for example : In 1979 , a large retrospective of Beuys ' work at the Guggenheim Museum in New York City confirmed his reputation as one of the most important artists of his time .

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Between 1959 and 1988 , he lived and worked in Los Angeles , New York City , and Amsterdam . He studied in Groningen in the 1960s .


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Question: The performance directly relates and even includes elements of the Fluxus movement that Beuys was a part of .

In 1962 Beuys was member of the `` Fluxus movement '' .

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He was associated with the post-romanticism movement and wrote while realism in literature was enjoying success in Spain .


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Question: On several occasions he visited the studio of the Flemish painter and sculptor Achilles Moortgat .

He first saw modern art when visiting the studio of Achilles Moortgat .

Ernest Claes ( 24 October 1885 in Zichem - 2 September 1968 in Elsene ) was a Flemish author . His real name was Andreas Ernestus Josephus Claes .


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Question: English valedictions typically contain the possessive pronoun `` yours '' .

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English valedictions often contain the possessive pronoun `` yours '' ; for example , Yours truly .

Parentheses may be used in formal writing to add more information , such as in : `` Sen. John McCain ( R. , Arizona ) spoke at length '' They can also note `` either singular or plural '' for nouns , such as in the word `` claim ( s ) '' .


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Question: `` Yours sincerely '' is a shorter form of the archaic `` I am yours sincerely '' , while similarly `` Yours faithfully '' is a contraction of `` I remain , Sir , your faithful and obedient servant '' `` Yours sincerely '' is typically employed in English when the recipient is addressed by name ( e.g. `` Dear John '' ) and is known to the sender to some degree , whereas `` Yours faithfully '' is used when the recipient is not addressed by name ( i.e. the recipient is addressed by a phrase such as `` Dear Sir\/Madam '' ) or when the recipient is not known personally by the sender .

Yours faithfully is used when the person who is receiving the letter is not known by name ( i.e. the recipient is addressed by a phrase such as `` Dear Sir\/Madam '' ) .

Today however , the word mistress is used primarily to refer to the female companion of a man who is married to another woman ; in the case of an unmarried man it is usual to speak of a `` girlfriend '' .


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Question: A valediction ( derivation from Latin vale dicere , ` to say farewell ' ) , or complimentary close in American English , is an expression used to say farewell , especially a word or phrase used to end a letter or message , or the act of saying parting words whether brief or extensive .

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It comes from the Latin vale dicere , which means `` to say farewell '' .

In several languages , including English , pronouns and possessives may be capitalized to show respect . For example : when referring to the reader of a formal letter or to God .


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Question: `` Yours faithfully '' , `` Yours truly '' , or `` Yours sincerely '' ( or its American English variant , `` Sincerely yours '' ) .

In the United Kingdom , Yours sincerely or Yours faithfully are most common .

Other common misspellings include `` equiptment '' ( for `` equipment '' ) , `` independant '' ( for `` independent '' ) , `` readible '' ( for readable ) , or `` usible '' ( for usable ) .


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Question: Valedictions normally immediately precede the signature in written correspondence .

Valedictions are normally written before the signature in a written message .


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Question: The word or words used express respect , esteem , or regard for the person to whom the correspondence is directed , and the exact form used depends on a number of factors - including : Conventions also change over time and differ according to language .

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The words used usually express respect or regard for the person to whom the message is written .

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The term can be used positively or negatively depending on the speaker , usage , and intent . The term can describe the person or the activity .


Question: Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink .

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At first , the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink .

Secondly , he saw that most physical contact happened while running with the ball , dribbling or hitting it .


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Question: This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e. `` left wing '' or `` right wing . ''

This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes .

Most often a starting player will be listed first or on top , while a back-up player will be listed below .


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Question: Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area .

Winger , in hockey , is a forward position of a player who is on either side of the center forward , often along the playing area .

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Of the twelve players on a team , seven may be on the court at any one time . Each team can score on both ends on the field .


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Question: Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners .

Now , there are different types of wingers in the game : they either are mainly goal scorers , or help stop the other team from scoring .

A point guard should maintain his team 's offense by controlling the ball safely and pass the ball to the right teammate at the right time .


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Question: Toots and the Maytals , originally called The Maytals , are a Jamaican musical group and one of the best known ska and rock steady vocal groups .

Toots and the Maytals , originally called The Maytals , are a Jamaican musical group .

Kingdom Records is a British record label from the 1970s and 1980s that was important in early British and Jamaican dub music .


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Question: Formed in the early 1960s when ska was hot , the Maytals had a reputation for having strong , well-blended voices .

They had a reputation for having strong , well-blended voices .

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He also said , `` Although Hootie & the Blowfish are n't innovative , they deliver the goods . They turned out an album of solid , rootsy folk-rock songs that have simple , powerful hooks . ''


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Question: It comprises the states of Acre , Amapá , Amazonas , Pará , Rondônia , Roraima and Tocantins .

This region is formed of seven states : Acre , Amapá , Amazonas , Pará , Rondônia , Roraima and Tocantins .

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Minas Gerais shares borders with Bahia and Goiás ( north ) , Mato Grosso do Sul ( far west ) , the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro ( south ) and the state of Espírito Santo ( east ) .


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Question: The North Region of Brazil ( Portuguese : Região Norte do Brasil ) is the largest Region of Brazil , corresponding to 45.27 % of the national territory .

The North Region corresponds to 45.27 % of the national territory , the most of Brazilian regions .

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Goiás is a state of Brazil . It is in the central part of the country .


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Question: Ethics may be divided into three major areas of study : Related fields are moral psychology and descriptive ethics .

Ethics is part of other fields of study in many ways .

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Ontology : The philosophy of mind : The philosophy of religion : In epistemology : In ethics : In aesthetics : In logic : In axiology : Other divisions include eschatology , teleology and theology .


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Question: Van Beneden discovered how chromosomes combined at meiosis , during the production of gametes , and discovered and named chromatin .

Van Beneden discovered how chromosomes combined at meiosis , during the production of gametes .

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Either way , somatic cells have double the number of chromosomes that gametes in the same organism have .


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Question: This idea , if true , rules out the inheritance of acquired characteristics as proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck .

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This idea , if true , rules out the inheritance of acquired characteristics as proposed by Lamarck .

Cope 's beliefs became one with an increased emphasis on continual and utilitarian evolution with less involvement of a Creator.p259 He became one of the founders of the Neo-Lamarckism school of thought , which holds that individuals can pass on traits acquired in its lifetime to offspring .


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Question: Eduard Strasburger , Walther Flemming , Heinrich von Waldeyer and the Belgian Edouard Van Beneden laid the basis for the cytology and cytogenetics of the 20th century .

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Eduard Strasburger , Walther Flemming , and the Belgian Edouard Van Beneden laid the basis for the cytology and cytogenetics of the 20th century .

By a quirk of history Correns was a student of Nägeli , a renowned botanist with whom Mendel corresponded about his work with peas .


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Question: The effect is one-way : germ cells produce somatic cells and are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or therefore any ability the body acquires during its life .

The effect is one-way : germ cells produce somatic cells , and more germ cells ; the germ cells are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or any ability the body acquires during its life .

Normal genetically functional DNA might be seen as `` replicating entities '' that effect their replication by manipulating the cell that they control . In contrast , units of selfish DNA may exploit existing mechanisms in the cell , and multiply without affecting the fitness of the organism in other respects .


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Question: His main contribution was the germ plasm theory , according to which ( in a multicellular organism ) inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cells-the gametes such as egg cells and sperm cells .

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Weismann advocated the germ plasm theory , according to which ( in a multicellular organism ) inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cells-the gametes such as egg cells and sperm cells .

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In species which produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes , and in which each individual produces only one type , a female is any individual which produces the larger type of gamete -- called an ovum ( or egg ) -- and a male produces the smaller type -- called a spermatozoon ( or sperm cell ) .


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The provided query could be 'Culgaith is a village and civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria , England .' and the positive 'Culgaith is a village and civil parish in Eden , Cumbria , England .' and the negative 'Broughton Moor is a village and civil parish in Allerdale , Cumbria , England .'

Question: Weismann was one of the first biologists to deny soft inheritance entirely .

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Weismann was one of the first biologists to deny the inheritance of acquired characters entirely .

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Question: Strasburger , the outstanding botanical physiologist of that century , coined the terms nucleoplasm and cytoplasm .

Strasburger , the outstanding botanical physiologist of that century , coined the terms nucleus and cytoplasm .

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This group , however , does contain typically eukaryotic organelles , such as golgi complexes , mitochondria and chloroplasts .


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Question: Weismann 's work on the demarcation between germ-line and soma can scarcely be appreciated without considering the work of ( mostly ) German biologists during the second half of the 19th century .

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Weismann 's work on the demarkation between germ-line and soma can scarcely be appreciated without considering the work of ( mostly ) German biologists during the second half of the 19th century .


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Question: Friedrich Leopold August Weismann ( 17 January 1834 - 5 November 1914 ) was a German evolutionary biologist .

Friedrich Leopold August Weismann ( Frankfurt am Main , 17 January , 1834 - Freiburg , 5 November , 1914 ) was a German evolutionary biologist .

Heinrich Friedrich Ludwig Rellstab ( 13 April 1799 -- 27 November 1860 ) was a German poet and music critic .


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Question: Ernst Mayr judged him to be the most important evolutionary thinker between Darwin and the evolutionary synthesis around 1930-40 , and was `` one of the great biologists of all time '' .

Ernst Mayr judged him to be `` one of the great biologists of all time '' .

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The provided query could be "The final was the first time since 2001 that neither Argentina and Brazil played against each other for the title ." and the positive "The final marked the first time since 2001 that neither Argentina and Brazil competed against each other for the title ."

Economic historian Randall E. Parker calls him the `` Father of Modern Economics '' , and `` The New York Times '' thinks of him to be the `` foremost academic economist of the 20th century '' .


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Question: If two angles of a triangle have measures equal to the measures of two angles of another triangle , then the triangles are similar .

This is because triangles can be similar if only their angles are equal , or only their sides are proportional .

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The parallel postulate in Euclidean geometry says that in two dimensional space , for any given line l and point P not on l , there is exactly one line through P that does not intersect l . This line is called parallel to l . In hyperbolic geometry there are at least two such lines through P . As they do not intersect l , the parallel postulate is false .


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Question: The combined power stations feature a chimney which is one of the taller structures in the UK , and six hyperbolic cooling towers , which can be seen from much of the surrounding landscape .

The combined power stations feature a chimney which is one of the taller structures in the United Kingdom , and six hyperbolic cooling towers , which can be seen from much of the surrounding area .

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Standing nearly 900 m with 54 floors , it is one of the tallest buildings in Chicago .


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Question: They are situated immediately adjoining one another in the civil parish of Sutton Courtenay , next to the town of Didcot in Oxfordshire ( formerly in Berkshire ) , in the UK .

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They are right next to one another in the civil parish of Sutton Courtenay , next to the town of Didcot in Oxfordshire ( formerly in Berkshire ) , in the UK .

Christie died on 12 January 1976 at age 85 from natural causes at her Winterbrook House in the north of Cholsey parish , adjoining Wallingford in Oxfordshire ( formerly part of Berkshire ) .


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Question: European miners drove Chinese off the diggings at Rocky River in New England ( Australia ) in 1856 .

European miners forced the Chinese off the diggings at Rocky River in New England in 1856 .

Nundle was settled when gold was found nearby at `` The Hanging Rock '' and Swamp Creek in 1852 .


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Question: At the end of the affair , Burrangong was quiet and the Chinese were still there .

At the end of the year , Burrangong was quiet and the Chinese were still there .

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Sometime around noon , Browne and Goodman wandered further into the forest while the other men stayed behind to bundle the thatch .


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Question: They occurred on the goldfields at Spring Creek , Stoney Creek , Back Creek , Wombat , Blackguard Gully , Tipperary Gully , and Lambing Flat ( now Young , New South Wales ) , in 1860-1861 .

It was part of the Burrangong goldfields which also included Spring Creek , Stoney Creek , Back Creek , Wombat , Blackguard Gully , and Tipperary Gully .


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Question: Then in 1860 the Chinese and British governments signed the Convention of Peking , a diplomatic agreement that subjects of the Chinese and British Empires would have reciprocal rights under their respective countries ' laws .

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In 1860 the Chinese and British governments signed the Convention of Peking .

Because of this , new states could not become part of the international community or be bound by international law immediately , so recognized nations did not have to respect international law in their dealings with them .


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Question: A new Chinese Immigration Regulation Bill was being drafted for debate in Parliament while the first gold miners were arriving at Burrangong .

A new law , the Chinese Immigration Regulation Bill , was being talked about in Parliament when the first gold miners were getting to Burrangong .

Protest meetings against his sacking were held on the gold diggings and in the towns .


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Question: Disputes between European and Chinese miners flared into brawls at Daylesford and Castlemaine .

There were fights between European and Chinese miners at Daylesford and Castlemaine .


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Question: The most notorious of these incidents , and the one which has generated more folklore than any other , was the so-called Lambing Flat Riot , actually a drawn-out series of incidents on the Burrangong Goldfield in New South Wales between November 1860 and September 1861 .

This was just one of a number of riots on the Burrangong goldfields between November 1860 and September 1861 .

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Edward Hargraves ( October 7 , 1816 -- October 29 1891 ) was famous for starting the Australian gold rush . He found gold in Sydney in 1851 .


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Question: There were two triggers for the violence : in Sydney the Legislative Council rejected the anti-Chinese bill , and a false rumor swept the goldfield that a new group of 1,500 Chinese were on the road to Burrangong .

The story said that a new group of 1,500 Chinese were on the road to Burrangong .


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Question: Trouble began late in 1860 with the formation of a Miners Protective League , followed by roll-ups ( mass meetings ) of European diggers evicting Chinese miners from sections of the field .

Trouble began in 1860 with the starting of the Miners Protective League .

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For example, Sophora is a genus of about 45 species of small trees and shrubs . It is in the subfamily `` Faboideae '' of the pea family `` Fabaceae '' . should be similar to Sophora is a genus of about 45 species of small trees and shrubs in the pea family Fabaceae .


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Question: Several place names are sometimes used interchangeably when describing these events .

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Several place names are sometimes used hi when talking about these events .

There is some debate about how they traded for or found these shells so far inland , away from the natural sources .


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The provided query could be 'Koussevitzky also commissioned many new pieces from prominent composers , including the Symphony No. 4 of Sergei Prokofiev , George Gershwin 's Second Rhapsody and the Symphony of Psalms by Igor Stravinsky .' and the positive 'Works written especially for them include Symphony No. 4 by Sergei Prokofiev and the Symphony of Psalms by Igor Stravinsky .' and the negative 'Later composers to use it include Alban Berg in his Violin Concerto , and Béla Bartók in his String Quartet No. 5 .'

Question: A banner from the period , painted on a tent-flap in 1861 , is now on display at the Lambing Flat museum in Young , New South Wales .

Lambing Flat was the name of a gold field in New South Wales , Australia .

There are also a number of sculptures , including a gigantic figure of a World War II Australian soldier which was originally located in the Hall of Memory , before the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was placed there .


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Question: A party of Chinese en route to the Victorian diggings from Robe discovered a new goldfield at Ararat , and were driven off their find by Europeans .

A group of Chinese on their way to the Victorian goldfields found gold at Ararat .

Lasseter took shelter here for about 25 days during January 1931 . He was trying to find a rich gold deposit that he claimed to have discovered in the area on an earlier expedition .


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Question: The first anti-Chinese demonstration occurred in Bendigo in July 1854 .

The first public display of anti-Chinese feelings took place in Bendigo in July 1854 .

A series of anti-immigrant riots happened in South Africa beginning on 11 May 2008 .


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Question: Serious confrontations followed at Adelong in 1857 and Tambaroora in 1858 .

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Serious fights took place Adelong in 1857 and Tambaroora in 1858 .

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Question: Rollback is a feature of the MediaWiki software that runs Wikipedia .

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The rollback feature is a part of the MediaWiki software .

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The Abuse Filter extension was developed by Werdna with support from the Wikimedia Foundation , and went live on the Simple English Wikipedia in October 2010 .


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Question: To request rollback rights , ask at Wikipedia : Requests for permissions\/Rollback or ask one of the administrators listed here .

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You may ask for rollback at Wikipedia : Requests for rollback or on an administrator 's talk page .

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See also : Wikipedia : Administrators Administrator ( also known as `` sysops '' ( system operators ) ) rights are granted by the community to users requesting them .


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Question: It is also possible to use rollback with an explanatory edit summary ( instead of the default or standard generic edit summary ) .

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The rollback tool has an edit summary that is given by default .

To do this , write the title of these sections in the list of Invariant Sections ( this is part of the Changed Version 's license notice ) .


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Question: Grover , also known as Grover Monster , is a Muppet character on the popular television show Sesame Street .

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Grover is a Muppet character on the popular television show Sesame Street .

Doug 's 1st Movie ( also known as The First Doug Movie Ever ) is a 1999 animated movie . It is the Disney version of the Nickelodeon television series `` Doug '' .


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Question: Grover was originally performed by Frank Oz from his earliest appearances until 2001 .

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Grover was first performed by Frank Oz .

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The voices of Kelly Generic ( Bobby 's sister ) and Martha Generic ( Bobby 's mom ) are based on two characters Gail Matthius played when she was a member on Saturday Night Live in 1980 .


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Question: Eric Jacobson began performing Grover in 1998 ; he has performed the character regularly since 2002 , although Oz still performs him occasionally .

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Eric Jacobson began performing Grover in 1998 .

Despite the fact that all three characters were voiced by Jones , the characters in this scene were impersonated by cast member Harry Shearer ; Jones himself guest starred in two episodes before .


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Question: Self-described as lovable , cute and furry , he is a monster who almost never uses contractions when speaking or singing .

He is a monster who almost never uses contractions when speaking or singing .

The type-A ( best ) , uber-talented , self-involved ( gets into things by herself ) know-it-all ( a person who believes they know everything ) who 's usually alienating her classmates let her guard down to expose ( to show ) a vulnerable side .


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Question: In 1930 he was elected to the national legislature , the Reichstag .

In 1930 , he was elected to the national legislature , the Reichstag .

In 1974 , he was elected as a member in the Chemistry section of the National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) .


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Question: He was arrested again in late 1944 , and he was in Neuengamme concentration camp when the British arrived in April 1945 .

He was arrested again in 1944 and stayed in the concentration camps until the British set them free in April 1945 .

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Leopold was freed by the United States in early May 1945 .


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Question: Schumacher was arrested in July and was severely beaten in prison .

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All of the charges were dropped and he was released from jail on February 21 after he served 40 hours in jail and apologized to the man .


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Question: Kurt Schumacher was born in Kulm in West Prussia ( now Chełmno in Poland ) , the son of a small businessman , member of the liberal German Free-minded Party and deputy in the municipal assembly .

Dr. Kurt Schumacher ( born 13 October 1895 in Kulm , West Prussia ( now Chełmno in Poland ) - died 20 August 1952 in Bonn ) was a German politician .

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Heinrich Gottlob `` Heiner '' Rau ( 2 April 1899 -- 23 March 1961 ) was a German communist politician during the time of the Weimar Republic . He was a leading member of the International Brigades and after World War II an East German statesman .


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Question: The Öresund or Øresund Bridge ( Danish : Øresundsbroen , Swedish : Öresundsbron , joint hybrid name : Øresundsbron ) is a double-track railway and dual carriageway bridge-tunnel across the Øresund strait between Scania ( southernmost Sweden ) and Denmark .

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The Øresund Bridge ( Danish : Øresundsbroen , Swedish : Öresundsbron , joint hybrid name : Øresundsbron ) is a bridge and tunnel across the Øresund strait .

Nyköpingsbro is a rest area with restaurants . It is located near the E4 motorway southwest of the town Nyköping in Sweden .


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Question: Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden met midway across the bridge-tunnel on 14 August 1999 to celebrate its completion .

When it was finished in 1999 , Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden met in the middle .

It was officially opened by the Duke of Gloucester on 18 March , 1965 .


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Question: Its official dedication took place on 1 July 2000 , with Queen Margrethe II , and King Carl XVI Gustaf as the host and hostess of the ceremony .

Queen Margrethe II and King Carl XVI Gustaf led the ceremonies together .

It is the residence of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . It is also used by Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the British Royal Family when they visit the country , and by prominent international visitors .


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Question: The district is bounded by the Indian Kashmir in the east , and by Mirpur District in the south and Rawalakot to its north .

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The district is bounded by the Indian part of Kashmir in the east , and by Mirpur District in the south and Rawalakot to its north .

The people belonging to Balti nationality are settled on both banks of the river Indus from Kargil ( in the east ) to Haramosh ( in the west ) and from Karakoram range ( in the north ) to Deosai plains ( in the south ) .


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Question: Kotli District ( Urdu : ضلع کوٹلی ) is one of the ten districts of Azad Kashmir , Pakistan .

Kotli ( Urdu : ضلع کوٹلی ) is one of the eight districts of Azad Kashmir , Pakistan .

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Tando Jam ( ٽنڊوڄام ) is a town and Union Council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan .


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E.g.
Tunisia has plans for two nuclear power stations , to be operational by 2019 . == Tunisia has plans for two nuclear power stations , to be working by 2019 . != Following the Fukushima nuclear disaster , the International Energy Agency halved its estimate of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 .

Question: The district is divided into Five tehsils ( sub-divisions : District Kotli has five seats ( Constituencies ) in Azad Kashmir assembly , The district covers a total area of 1862 square kilometres .

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The district is divided into three tehsils ( sub-divisions ) The district covers a total area of 1862 square kilometres .

The city is the capital of the tehsil of the same name ( Bhag Tehsil ) , and has an altitude of 90 metres ( 298 feet ) .


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------
E.g. 'Royal Rumble ( 2006 ) was the nineteenth annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) .' == 'Royal Rumble ( 2006 ) was the nineteenth annual Royal Rumble PPV event held by WWE at the American Airlines Arena , in Miami , on January 29 , 2006 .' != 'Colin Matthew Delaney ( September 7 , 1986 ) is an American professional wrestler best known for working with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) on its ECW brand .'

Question: Kotli the chief town of the district , was originally a minor town between Mirpur and Muzaffarabad , but has recently seen major growth .

Kotli used to be a small town between Mirpur and Muzaffarabad , but has recently grown in size .

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The Hindu legend of Jhulelal or the River Deity has its historical or semi-historical beginnings in Sind , an erstwhile province of united India and now a state of Pakistan .


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Question: சிங்கப்பூர் குடிமக்களாகிய நாம் , இனம் , மொழி , மதம் ஆகிய வேற்றுமைகளை மறந்து , ஒன்றுபட்டு , நம் நாடு மகிழ்ச்சி , வளம் , முன்னேற்றம் ஆகியவற்றை அடையும் வண்ணம் சமத்துவத்தையும் , நீதியையும் அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்ட ஜனநாயக சமுதாயத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்கு உறுதி மேற்கொள்வோம் .

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சிங்கப்பூர் குடிமக்களாகிய நாம் இனம் , மொழி , மதம் ஆகிய வேற்றுமைகளை மறந்து ஒன்றுபட்டு , நம் நாடு மகிழ்ச்சி , வளம் , முன்னேற்றம் ஆகியவற்றை அடையும் வண்ணம் சமத்துவத்தையும் , நீதியையும் அடிப்படையாக கொண்ட ஜனாயக சமுதாயத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்கு உறுதி மேற்கொள்வோம் !

Kilinochchi District ( Tamil : கிளிநொச்சி மாவட்டம் Kiḷinocci Māvaṭṭam ; Sinhala : ක ල න ච ච ද ස ත ර ක කය ) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka .


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Question: The National Pledge was written by Sinnathamby Rajaratnam in 1966 shortly after Singapore 's independence .

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The Singapore 's National Pledge was written by Sinnathamby Rajaratnam in 1966 , not long after Singapore 's Independence .

The People 's Action Party has won control of Parliament with large majorities in every election since self-governance in 1959 .


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Question: The National Pledge is : We , the citizens of Singapore , pledge ourselves as one united people , regardless of race , language or religion , to build a democratic society based on justice and equality so as to achieve happiness , prosperity and progress for our nation .

These are the words of the pledge : We , the citizens of Singapore , pledge ourselves as one united people , regardless of race , language or religion , to build a democratic society based on justice and equality so as to achieve happiness , prosperity and progress for our nation .

In his speech he said that if democracy is to survive and flourish , people everywhere in the world are entitled to four human rights : freedom of speech and expression , freedom of worship , freedom from want and freedom from fear .


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The provided query could be 'By doing so , the Yugoslavians retained the original weapon 's design features , making the M53 a nearly exact copy of the German MG 42 .' and the positive 'By doing this , the M53 was nearly an exact copy of the German MG 42 .' and the negative 'However , the Austrian Army , who uses the most Steyr AUGs , does n't use the HBAR ( heavy barrel ) version of the assault rifle .'

Question: The draft text was handed to the then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew , who polished the text before submitting it to the Cabinet .

A draft was submitted to the then Prime minister Lee Kuan Yew , before he made it better and passed it to the Cabinet .

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Robinson became the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on 12 September 1997 , resigning the Presidency a few weeks early with the approval of Irish political parties in order to take up the post .


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Question: His father worked as a construction worker and a cotton farmer , while his mother was a homemaker .

His father worked as a construction worker and a cotton farmer .

She is the daughter of a policeman and a social worker .


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Question: The day after Grisham completed A Time to Kill , he began work on his second novel , the story of an ambitious young attorney `` lured to an apparently perfect law firm that was not what it appeared . ''

The day after Grisham finished A Time to Kill , he began work on another novel , the story of a young attorney lured to what seemed to be a perfect law firm .

Marshfield Dreams : When I Was a Kid is a memoir written by the American writer and poet Ralph Fletcher , it covers his life from birth to age thirteen when his family moved from Marshfield , Massachusetts to Chicago .


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Question: The Firm remained on the The New York Times ' bestseller list for 47 weeks , and became the bestselling novel of 1991 .

That second book , The Firm , became the bestselling novel of 1991 .

Volume one was # 2 on Nielsen BookScan 's list of top 20 graphic novels in American bookstores for August 2013 , and for the month of September , the series had more volumes on the list than any other series .


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Question: Musing over `` what would have happened if the girl 's father had murdered her assailants '' , Grisham took three years to complete his first book , A Time to Kill .

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In his spare time , Grisham began work on his first novel , which explored what would have happened if the girl 's father had murdered her attackers .

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He `` had the ambition to do a live-action movie for a long time '' , but that he `` did n't like anything until I read this book '' .


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Question: He graduated from Mississippi State University in 1977 , receiving a BS degree in accounting .

In 1977 , Grisham received a degree from Mississippi State University .

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She graduated from Brigham Young University in 1927 with a degree in physical education . She obtained master 's degree from Teachers ' College , Columbia University , in 1930 .


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Question: It was released on November 18 , 1997 by Elektra Records .

It was released in the United States on November 18 , 1997 by Elektra Records .

The game was released in North America on October 19 , 2005 and in Europe on November 4 , 2005 .


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Question: Reload is the seventh studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica .

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Desensitized is the second studio album by American alternative metal band Drowning Pool .


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Question: It was the final Metallica studio album to feature bassist Jason Newsted , though it was not his last release with the band .

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It was the last studio album by Metallica with Jason Newsted playing bass .

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Prior to its release , the band was looking for a second guitarist and Armstrong asked former UK Subs guitarist Lars Frederiksen to be Rancid 's second guitarist , but he immediately turned down the request .


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Question: The largest events in the sport are the Olympic Games , World Championships , European Championships , World Cup and Grand-Prix Series .

The largest events in the sport are the Olympic Games , World Championships , and Grand-Prix Tournaments .

Over the last 10 years , however , Glasgow and Scotland have also staged World , Commonwealth , European , or British events in all 17 sports proposed for the 2014 Commonwealth Games , including the World Badminton Championships in 1997 .


Question: The victor is the participant who earns the most points , determined by a panel of judges , for leaps , balances , pirouettes ( pivots ) , apparatus handling , and execution .

The victor is the participant who earns the most points , determined by a panel of judges , for leaps , balances , pirouettes , flexibilities , apparatus handling , execution , and artistic effect .

Each set shot has a maximum point value assigned for perfect execution , ranging from a 4-point maximum for lowest level difficulty shots , and climbing to an 11-point maximum for shots deemed highest in difficulty level .


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Question: Rhythmic gymnastics is an activity in which individuals or teams of 5 manipulate one or two pieces of apparatus : clubs , hoop , ball , ribbon , rope and Free ( no apparatus ) .

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Rhythmic gymnastics ( short : RG ) is a sport in which individuals or teams of competitors ( generally five ) manipulate one or two apparatus : rope , hoop , ball , clubs , and ribbon .

Juggling can also mean other prop-based skills such as diabolo , devil sticks , poi , cigar boxes , fire-dancing , contact juggling , hooping , foot bag and hat manipulation .


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Question: Rhythmic gymnastics was added to the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , with an Individual All-Around competition .

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The first time rhythmic gymnastics was in the Olympics was in 1984 in Los Angeles .

Bidhan Lama won a bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , when taekwondo was an exhibition sport .


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Question: An athlete can exchange apparatus with a team member at any time through the routine .

In a group routine , gymnasts will exchange whatever equipment they are using with each other .

A maximum of nine players are allowed to play in fielding positions at one time .


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Question: The Lord of the Rings trilogy is the highest-grossing motion picture trilogy , unadjusted for inflation .

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He is most widely known for directing the The Lord of the Rings film trilogy .

In Japan , its highest-grossing market after North America , it grossed $ 102.4 million becoming the highest-grossing Western animated film until it was out-grossed by Toy Story 3 ( $ 126.7 million ) .


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E.g. 'Over the course of two days , a total of six American ships were damaged , and 130 planes and a total of 76 pilots and aircrew were lost .' == '130 planes and 76 pilots and aircrew were lost .' != 'This started a large fire which killed 13 Marines , hurt 68 others , and caused damage to the camp .'

Question: After acquiring Twombly 's Three Studies from the Temeraire ( 1998-99 ) , the Director of the Art Gallery of New South Wales said , `` sometimes people need a little bit of help in recognizing a great work of art that might be a bit unfamiliar '' .

After acquiring Twombly 's Three Studies from the Temeraire ( 1998-99 ) , the Director of the Art Gallery of New South Wales said `` sometimes people need a little bit of help in recognizing a great work of art that might be a bit unfamiliar '' .

It was described by Sotheby 's as `` one of the last known masterworks from the dawn of civilization remaining in private hands '' .


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Question: Twombly often quoted the poet Stéphane Mallarmé as well as many classical myths and allegories in his works .

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Twombly often quoted the poet Stéphane Mallarmé , as well as many classical myths and allegories in his works .

Dalí often used ants in his paintings as a symbol for death .


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Question: Twombly is said to have influenced younger artists such as Anselm Kiefer , Francesco Clemente , and Julian Schnabel .

He is said to have influenced younger artists such as Anselm Kiefer , Francesco Clemente , and Julian Schnabel .

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Artists like Patrick Kelly , Chuck Close , Denis Peterson , Ron Mueck , Takashi Murakami , Mat Benote , Kiki Smith , Jim Dine , Robert Rauschenberg , Sylvia Sleigh , William Wegman and Banksy have also been found in the museum .


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Question: In a 1994 retrospective , curator Kirk Varnedoe described Twombly 's work as `` influential among artists , discomfiting to many critics and truculently difficult not just for a broad public , but for sophisticated initiates of postwar art as well . ''

In a 1994 retrospective , curator Kirk Varnedoe described Twombly 's work as `` influential among artists , discomfiting to many critics and truculently difficult not just for a broad public , but for sophisticated initiates of postwar art as well '' .

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p13 Modern art was introduced to the United States in 1913 and through European artists who moved to the U.S. during World War I . It was only after World War II , however , that the U.S. became the focal point of new artistic movements .


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Question: Many of his later paintings and works on paper shifted toward `` romantic symbolism '' , and their titles can be interpreted visually through shapes and forms and words .

Later , many of his paintings and works on paper moved into `` romantic symbolism '' , and their titles can be interpreted visually through shapes and forms and words .

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Moore 's works usually suggest the female body , apart from a phase in the 1950s when he did family groups .


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Question: Edwin Parker `` Cy '' Twombly , Jr. ( \ / saɪ ˈtwɒmbli \ / ; April 25 , 1928 - July 5 , 2011 ) was an American painter of large-scale , freely scribbled , calligraphic and graffiti-like works on solid fields of mostly gray , tan , or off-white colors .

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Edwin Parker `` Cy '' Twombly , Jr. ( April 25 , 1928 - July 5 , 2011 ) was an American artist .

Ger van Elk ( Amsterdam , March 9 , 1941 - Amsterdam , August 17 , 2014 ) was a Dutch artist . He made sculptures , painted photographs , installations and movies .


Question: Phelps has been McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University since 1982 .

Phelps has been the McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University since 1982 .

Aruri was a Chancellor Professor ( Emeritus ) of Political Science , having served on the faculty of the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth from 1965-1998 .


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Question: In 1990 Phelps took part in a mission from the then-forming EBRD to Moscow , where he and Kenneth Arrow designed a proposal for the reform of the USSR .

In 1990 Phelps took part in a mission from the EBRD to Moscow , where he and Kenneth Arrow worked on the reform of the USSR .

From 1968 to 1980 the bank worked mostly on meeting the basic needs of people in poor countries .


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Question: As part of this research , in 1961 Phelps published a famous paper on the Golden Rule savings rate , one of his major contributions to economic science .

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As part of this research , Phelps published in 1961 a famous paper on the golden rule savings rate , one of his most important works for economic science .

Thorndike produced the first known learning curves by this procedure .


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Question: In 1966 , Phelps left Yale and moved to University of Pennsylvania , where he was offered a tenured position as professor of economics .

In 1966 , Phelps left Yale and moved to University of Pennsylvania , where he was offered a permanent job as professor of economics .

The son of Clyde Ira Selby and Sarah E. McIntyre Selby , he went to West Virginia University in the town of his birth , getting him a Bachelor of Science and a Master 's degree in theater , and after that , a Ph.D. from Southern Illinois University .


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Question: In 1982 Phelps was appointed the McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia .

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In 1982 Phelps was made the McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia .

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She was a Professor Emerita of Romance Languages and Literatures at Harvard University .


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Question: During the academic year 1962-63 Phelps visited MIT , where he was in contact with future Nobel prize winners Paul Samuelson , Robert Solow and Franco Modigliani .

Also , during the academic year of 1962-63 Phelps visited MIT , where he met with Nobel prize winners Paul Samuelson , Robert Solow and Franco Modigliani .

Hans Schneider ( 24 January 1927 - 28 October 2014 ) was an Austrian-American mathematician , and James Joseph Sylvester Emeritus Professor at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison .


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Question: Phelps spent the year 1969-1970 at the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science at Stanford University .

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In the year 1969-1970 Professor Phelps worked for the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science at Stanford University .

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In 1946 he became a professor of economics at Iowa State College .


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Question: As a result , in 1972 he published seminal research in the new field he named statistical discrimination .

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In 1972 he published research he named `` statistical discrimination '' .

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It was also under her own direction that the world 's first studies were used into the treatment of cancers .


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Question: Phelps also collaborated closely with Luigi Paganetto at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and , between 1988-98 , as co-organizers of the Villa Mondragone International Seminar .

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Phelps also worked with Luigi Paganetto at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and , between 1988-98 , they held the Villa Mondragone International Seminar .

From 2001 until his death , he had been the artistic director of the Il Cinema Ritrovato in Bologna , Italy .


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Question: In 1951 , he went to Amherst College for his undergraduate education .

In 1951 , he went to Amherst College as an undergraduate student .

After graduation , Black took a teaching job in Singapore for three years .


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Question: At his father 's advice , Phelps enrolled in his first economics course in his second year at Amherst .

At his fathers advice , Phelps took his first economics course in his second year at Amherst .

He also earned a master 's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940 , serving as an assistant instructor of political science .


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Question: Phelps , with Calvo and John Taylor , started a program to rebuild Keynesian economics with rational expectations by employing sticky wages and prices .

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Phelps , with Calvo and John Taylor , started a program to rebuild Keynesian economics with new ideas about prices and wages being kept the same for certain time .

Keynes did n't use the term , but some of his work refers to the conditions most would recognise as stagflation .


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Question: He quickly became aware of an important unsolved problem with the existing theory , and the existing gap between microeconomics and macroeconomics .

He knew of important unsolved problems and had new ideas , such as the gap between microeconomics and macroeconomics .

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They built on the founding discoveries and theories in the history of quantum mechanics .


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Question: He also published research on economic justice , applying ideas from Rawls ' book A Theory of Justice .

He also published research on economic justice , using ideas from Rawls book `` A Theory of Justice '' .

Ricardo 's theory of comparative advantage has been challenged by , among others , Joan Robinson and Piero Sraffa . Mevertheless , it remains the cornerstone of the argument in favour of international free trade as a means of increasing economic prosperity .


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Question: So , the next year , in 1960 , he took a research position at the Cowles Foundation , while also teaching at Yale .

He took a research job at the Cowles Foundation , and a teaching job at Yale .

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Provided: "Mandaean scholar Säve-Söderberg showed that Mani 's `` Psalms of Thomas '' were closely related to Mandaean texts ." Match: "In a comparative analysis , Mandaean scholar Säve-Söderberg indicated that Mani 's `` Psalms of Thomas '' were closely related to Mandaean texts ."

The son of Clyde Ira Selby and Sarah E. McIntyre Selby , he went to West Virginia University in the town of his birth , getting him a Bachelor of Science and a Master 's degree in theater , and after that , a Ph.D. from Southern Illinois University .


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Question: The conference papers were published the next year in a book which had a strong and lasting influence , becoming known as the `` Phelps volume '' .

The story of the meeting was published the next year in a book which was very important and is known as the `` Phelps volume '' .

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His economics teacher was James Nelson and his studies were based on a famous textbook by Paul Samuelson .


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Question: During the early '80s he wrote an introductory textbook synthesizing the current economics knowledge .

During the early '80s he wrote a textbook about economics knowledge .

It is one of the most important books of the modern evolutionary synthesis .


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Question: During this period , along with the research on the Phillips curve , Phelps also collaborated with other economists on research regarding economic growth , the effects of monetary and fiscal policy and optimal population growth .

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During this time Phelps worked with other economists on research of economic growth , the effects of monetary and fiscal policy and best population growth .

George Woodman Hilton ( January 18 , 1925 -- August 4 , 2014 ) was an American historian and economist . He worked in social history , transportation economics , regulation by commission , the history of economic thought and labor history .


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Question: Discussions with fellow Nobel prize winners Amartya Sen and Kenneth Arrow , and especially the influence of the philosophy of John Rawls , whom he met during the year at the Center , led Phelps to undertake some research outside macroeconomics .

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Meeting with Nobel prize winners Amartya Sen and Kenneth Arrow , and reading the work of John Rawls , whom he met during that year , gave Professor Phelps an interest to research outside of macroeconomics .

John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are some of the people who have given the lecture since it was thought to be important in 1992 .


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Question: He also wrote papers dealing with other areas of economic theory , such as monetary economics or Ricardian equivalence and its relation to optimal growth .

He also wrote papers about other economic theories , such as monetary economics ( Ricardian equivalence ) and its importance when producing the best economic growth .


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Question: During the '70s , Phelps and Calvo also collaborated on research regarding optimal contracts under asymmetric information .

During the '70s , Phelps and Calvo worked on research for making contracts using asymmetric information .

For several years , in addition to his laboratory work , he studied to specialize in steel production techniques and related chemical analysis methods .


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Question: There he published research on the inflation tax and the impact of fiscal policy on optimal inflation .

Professor Phelps published research on the inflation tax and the effects of fiscal policy on inflation .

It relates aggregate demand and employment to three variables , that is , the amount of money in circulation , the government budget , and the state of business expectations .


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Question: Economist James Nelson gave the course , which was based on the famous textbook Economics by Paul Samuelson .

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His economics teacher was James Nelson and his studies were based on a famous textbook by Paul Samuelson .


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This island , which was formed by digging a canal through a small peninsula , remained as the single place of direct trade and exchange between Japan and the outside world during the Edo period . == It was the only place of direct contact and trade between Japan and the outside world during the Edo period . != It was planted on a high terrace about 6.5 m ( 21.3 ft ) above the ground and surrounded by railings , and today it is one of the most sacred objects of the Buddhists in Sri Lanka and respected by Buddhists all over the world .

Question: He became interested in the puzzle of the persistent high unemployment in Europe despite no let-up in inflation and published on this subject with Jean-Paul Fitoussi ( the director of OFCE ) .

He became interested in the continuing high unemployment in Europe and published some work about it with Jean-Paul Fitoussi ( the director of OFCE ) .

The theory of comparative advantage was the forerunner of the push towards globalization via increased international trade , the guiding theme in economic policy currently promoted by the OECD and the World Trade Organization .


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Question: Early in his career he became renowned for his research at Yale 's Cowles Foundation in the first half of the 1960s on the sources of economic growth .

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He is best known for his work on economic growth at Yale University 's Cowles Foundation in the 1960s .


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E.g. given 'A worker bee 's waggle dance involves running through a small figure-eight pattern : a waggle run ( aka waggle phase ) followed by a turn to the right to circle back to the starting point ( aka return phase ) , another waggle run , followed by a turn and circle to the left , and so on in a regular alternation between right and left turns after waggle runs .' it should be close to 'It will then do another waggle run and then turn to the left and circle back to the beginning .' but not to 'In flight the adult dragonfly can move in six directions ; upward , downward , forward , back , and side to side .'.

Question: During the next years , Phelps tried to build a theory to determine endogenously the natural rate of unemployment .

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During the next years , Professor Phelps worked to calculate the natural rate of unemployment .

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Question: In 1972 , Phelps published a new book which focused on the derivation of policy implications of his new theory .

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In 1972 , Phelps published a book about his new theory .

His ideas were not taken up through technical limitations and , according to proponents of his method , opposition from the champions of conventional fertilisers .


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Question: Edmund Strother Phelps , Jr. ( born July 26 , 1933 ) is an American economist and the winner of the 2006 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences .

Edmund Strother `` Ned '' Phelps , Jr. is an American economist .

Raymond ( Ray ) Davis , Jr. ( October 14 , 1914 -- May 31 , 2006 ) was an American chemist and physicist . He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2002 .


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Question: He was able to collaborate with other top economists working on growth theory , including David Cass and fellow Nobelist Tjalling Koopmans .

Work at the Cowles Foundation gave Phelps the chance to meet with other important economists who were working on growth theory , such as David Cass and Nobel Prize winner Tjalling Koopmans .

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Example:
Provided: "Mario was first seen as `` Jumpman '' in Donkey Kong in 1981 ." Match: "Mario debuted as `` Jumpman '' in the arcade game Donkey Kong on July 9 , 1981 ."

Also , during the academic year of 1962-63 Phelps visited MIT , where he met with Nobel prize winners Paul Samuelson , Robert Solow and Franco Modigliani .


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Question: While at Penn , Phelps ' research focused mainly on the link between employment , wage setting and inflation , leading to his influential 1968 paper `` Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor Market Equilibrium '' .

While at Pennsylvania , most of Phelps ' research was on the links between employment , wages and inflation .

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Question: In 1971 , Phelps moved to the Economics Department at Columbia University , which also included future Nobel prize winners William Vickrey and James J. Heckman ( future laureate Robert Mundell joined three years later ) , as well as Phoebus Dhrymes , Guillermo Calvo and John B. Taylor .

Nobel Prize winner Robert Mundell joined three years later , as well as Phoebus Dhrymes , Guillermo Calvo and John B. Taylor .


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Question: In January 1969 , Phelps organized a conference at Penn in support of the research on the micro-foundations of inflation and employment determination .

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In January 1969 , Phelps held a meeting at Pennsylvania University to support the research on inflation and employment .

After World War II , the Ford Foundation gave money to support committees studying education .


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Question: While at the Cowles Foundation , his research focused mainly on neo-classical growth theory , following the seminal work of Solow .

At the Cowles Foundation , his research was mainly on future prices and wages , following the work of Robert Solow .

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Ricardo 's theory of comparative advantage has been challenged by , among others , Joan Robinson and Piero Sraffa . Mevertheless , it remains the cornerstone of the argument in favour of international free trade as a means of increasing economic prosperity .


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Question: ` In the 1980s Phelps increased collaboration with European universities and institutions , including Banca d'Italia ( where he spent most of his 1985-86 sabbatical and Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Économiques ( OFCE ) .

In the 1980s Professor Phelps worked with European universities and institutions , such as Banca d'Italia ( most of his 1985-86 holidays were spent in Italy ) and Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Économiques ( OFCE ) .

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Ducommun worked as a tutor , language teacher , journalist and a translator for the Swiss federal Chancellery ( 1869-1873 ) .


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Question: While at Yale he studied under future Nobel prize winners James Tobin and Thomas Schelling , among others .

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To give you a sense - "André René Roussimoff ( 19 May 1946 -- 27 January 1993 ) better known by his ring name , André the Giant , was a French professional wrestler and actor ." should be close to "André René Roussimoff ( May 19 , 1946 -- January 27 , 1993 ) , best known as André the Giant , was a French professional wrestler and actor ."

There , his professors were some of the greatest economists , such as Nobel prize winners James Tobin and Thomas Schelling , and he studied with Arthur Okun .

This was partly due to the influence of activist Howard Zinn , who was one of her professors at Spelman College .


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Question: The book , Political Economy , was published in 1985 , but had limited classroom adoption .

The book , Political Economy , was published in 1985 , but was not used in a lot of schools .

For all these classics he wrote extensive commentaries ( big reviews ) that were not widely recognized in his time ; however , they later became accepted as their standard commentaries .


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Question: However , feeling he could not pursue macroeconomics ( his main research interest ) at RAND ( which focused on defense work ) , Phelps decided to return to the academic world .

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His main interest was macroeconomics , but RAND focused on defense work so Phelps decided to return to the his studies the next year , 1960 .

[ 101 ] [ 207 ] Awards do not pay the bills , however , and motivated by the need to finance the children 's education and home expenses , in 1982 Hawking determined to write a popular book about the universe that would be accessible to the general public .


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Question: It also introduced the concept of the natural rate of unemployment and argued that labor market equilibrium is independent of the rate of inflation , thus there is no long run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation .

It was the first idea of the natural rate of unemployment and said that inflation rates did not affect labor market .

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Stagflation is a portmanteau word of `` stagnation '' and `` inflation '' . It is used economics when the inflation rate is high , the growth rate slows down , and unemployment stays high .


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Question: Their results suggested that rational expectations are not the correct way to model agents ' expectations .

They worked on rational expectations and showed problems in it .

Intensity of preference is a factor in an analysis of how individual choices develop into social choices .


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Question: Phelps was born in Evanston , Illinois , and moved with his family to Hastings-on-Hudson , New York when he was six years old , where he spent his school years .

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He was born on July 26 , 1933 in Evanston , Illinois .

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Kleefeld was born in Catford , England , and moved to Southern California when she was a child .


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Question: Phelps was also strongly influenced by William Fellner and Henry Wallich , whose courses emphasized the expectations of agents .

William Fellner and Henry Wallich were very important in his study courses .

He had also been one of the few people receptive to the work of John Herapath on the kinetic theory of gases .


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Question: The US Army unit was mostly made up of Americans of Japanese descent from Hawaii and the mainland .

This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland .

After the bombing of Pearl Harbor , Takamoto 's family , like many Japanese-Americans , had to move to an internment camp .


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Question: In the 1990s , there was a review of US military service records of Americans of Asian descent who received the DSC during World War II .

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In the 1990s , there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II .

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A total of 708 African Americans were killed in combat during World War II .


Question: Sakato was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) for extraordinary heroism on October 29 , 1944 in France .

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For his actions in October 1944 , Sakato was awarded the Army 's second-highest decoration , the Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) .

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He received the Medal of Honor December 2 , 1876 for his actions at Little Big Horn River Montana on July 9 , 1876 .


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Question: He was a Nisei , which means that he was a second generation born American citizen of Japanese descent .

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He was a Nisei , which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American .

As a child , Inada and his family were interned during World War II .


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Question: George Taro `` Joe '' Sakato ( born February 19 , 1921 ) is an American and former combat soldier of World War II who received the Medal of Honor , the nation 's highest military award for valor .

George Taro Sakato ( born February 19 , 1921 ) was a United States Army soldier .

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Walter D. Ehlers Walter David Ehlers ( May 7 , 1921 -- February 20 , 2014 ) was a former United States Army soldier . Ehlers received the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II .


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Question: President Bill Clinton presented Sakato the Medal of Honor during a ceremony at the White House on June 21 , 2000 .

In a ceremony at the White House on June 21 , 2000 , he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton .

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Belbin was sworn in as an American citizen on December 31 , 2005 .


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Question: Lovecraft was born in Providence , Rhode Island , where he spent most of his life .

Lovecraft was born in Providence , Rhode Island .

Marshfield Dreams : When I Was a Kid is a memoir written by the American writer and poet Ralph Fletcher , it covers his life from birth to age thirteen when his family moved from Marshfield , Massachusetts to Chicago .


Question: Howard Phillips `` H. P. '' Lovecraft ( August 20 , 1890 - March 15 , 1937 ) was an American author who achieved posthumous fame through his influential works of horror fiction .

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Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20 , 1890 - March 15 , 1937 ) was an American author of fantasy , horror and science fiction .

Virginia Esther Hamilton ( March 12 , 1934 -- February 19 , 2002 ) was an African-American author of children 's books .


Question: When Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland in September 1939 , Kellner began his secret diary to record the crimes of the Third Reich .

When Hitler ordered the invasion of Poland in September 1939 , Kellner began his secret diary .

After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the start of the Second World War , the Netherlands hoped to remain neutral .


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Question: `` The whole world let themselves be fooled by this man , '' he wrote on May 3 , 1942 . ''

`` The whole world let themselves be fooled by this man , '' Kellner wrote on May 3 , 1942 .

`` The Turks are vigorously carrying through their cruel intention , to exterminate the Armenian people , '' Carl Wandel wrote on 3 July 1915 .


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Question: In 1968 Kellner gave the diary to his American grandson , Robert Scott Kellner , to translate into English and to bring it to the attention of the public .

In 1968 , he gave his diary to his American grandson , Professor Robert Scott Kellner , to take to America for safekeeping .

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Stacy Schiff , a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter writing for The New Yorker , interviewed Essjay as a source for an article about Wikipedia .


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Question: Friedrich Kellner was a justice inspector in the courthouse in Mainz between 1903 and 1933 .

The author , August Friedrich Kellner , was a justice inspector in the courthouse in Mainz .

Leich was born in Mühlhausen on January 31 1927 .


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represent the following sentence such that it is similar to a related wikipedia-style sentence

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"The next day , several Iraqi men burst into the classroom and declare that Ms. Ellen is actually an Iraqi fugitive ." == "The next day , while Ms. Ellen is teaching the class , several Iraqi men burst through the door and say that she is actually an Iraqi fugitive ." != "Nadia said they attacked her , `` only because I am a woman '' ."

Question: The diary , which Kellner titled Mein Widerstand , meaning My Opposition , is divided into ten volumes , with a total of 861 pages .

He named his diary `` Mein Widerstand , '' which means `` My Opposition . ''

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Originally the idea of Nancy Tyson Burbidge , it began as a four-volume printed work of 3,055 pages . It contains over 60,000 plant names .


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Question: He dedicated himself to reestablishing the Social Democratic Party , and he became chairman of the Laubach branch .

He became chairman of the Laubach branch .

On September 9 , 1923 , the organization officially declared itself as a political party and it was the Republican People 's Party .


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Question: Purgatory , according to Catholic Church doctrine , is an intermediary state after physical death in which those destined for heaven `` undergo purification , so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven '' .

According to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church , Purgatory is the `` final purification of the elect '' : `` All who die in God 's grace and friendship , but still imperfectly purified , are indeed assured of their eternal salvation ; but after death they undergo purification , so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven . '' ''

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The Master and Margarita , for not having lost their faith in humanity , are granted peace but are denied light -- that is , they will spend eternity together in a shadowy yet pleasant region , having not earned the glories of Heaven , but not deserving the punishments of Hell .