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Question: Rocky Marciano ( born Rocco Francis Marchegiano ; September 1 , 1923 - August 31 , 1969 ) was an American professional boxer and the World Heavyweight Champion from September 23 , 1952 , to April 27 , 1956 .

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Rocco Francis Marchegiano , better known as Rocky Marciano ( September 1 , 1923 - August 31 , 1969 ) , was an American boxer .

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Thomas Edmund Dewey ( March 24 , 1902 -- March 16 , 1971 ) was an American politician . He served as the 47th Governor of New York from January 1 , 1943 through December 31 , 1954 .


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Question: He is interred in a crypt at Forest Lawn Memorial Cemetery in Fort Lauderdale , Florida .

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He is entombed in a crypt at Forest Lawn Memorial Cemetery in Fort Lauderdale , Florida .

Wells died in Chicago , Illinois from lymphoma on January 15 , 1998 , and was interred in the Oak Woods Cemetery , Chicago .


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Question: Marciano 's amateur record was 8-4 .

Before becoming a professional fighter , Marciano had an amateur record of 11-3 .

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O'Sullivan 's first century break made at age 10 .


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Question: Marciano , 29 , faced the World Heavyweight Champion , 38-year-old Jersey Joe Walcott , in Philadelphia on September 23 , 1952 .

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He won the championship from Jersey Joe Walcott on September 23 , 1952 .

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He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963 and died of a heart attack on June 26 , 1964 at age 75 .


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Question: It was at night and bad weather had set in .

It was at night and bad weather set in .

It was hot when the Roths arrived and the beach was crowded .


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Question: James Blake Litherland ( born 26 September 1988 ) , known as James Blake , is an English electronic music producer and singer-songwriter from London .

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James Blake Litherland ( born 26 September 1988 ) , known as James Blake , is an English singer-songwriter and electronic music producer .

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Tim Omaji ( born 9 September 1987 ) , also known by former his stage name Timomatic , is an Australian singer-songwriter and dancer .


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Question: Blake revealed in late December 2010 that his album would be self-titled , and the 11-track James Blake was released on 7 February 2011 .

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Blake released his first album James Blake on 4 February 2011 .

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American Doll Posse is the ninth album by Tori Amos . It was released May 1 , 2007 .


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Question: Blake announced via Facebook on 7 February 2013 that his second album , Overgrown , would be released on 8 April .

On 5 April 2013 , Blake released his second album Overgrown .

Sing : Chapter 1 is a studio album from country superstar Wynonna Judd , to be released on February 3 , 2009 .


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Question: His eponymous debut album was released in the United Kingdom in 2011 and nominated for the Mercury Music Prize for that year .

It was nominated for the Mercury Prize .

Their third studio album , `` Modern Vampires of the City '' , was released on May 14 , 2013 . It was nominated for a Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album .


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Question: San Nicolas was originally the home of the Nicoleño people , who were probably related to the Tongva of the mainland and Santa Catalina Island .

San Nicolas was once the home of the Nicoleño people , who were probably related to the Tongva of the mainland and Santa Catalina Island .

His 1977 doctoral work from the University of California , Berkeley , was on the grammar of Mutsun , a dialect of Ohlone ( a.k.a. Southern Costanoan ) . Southern Costanoan is an extinct Utian language earlier spoken in the north central Californian coastal areas from Northern Costanoan down to 30 miles south of Salinas .


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Question: It was named for Saint Nicholas by Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno after he sighted the island on the saint 's feast day ( December 6 ) in 1602 .

It was named for Saint Nicholas by Spanish sailor Sebastián Vizcaíno after he saw the island on the saint 's feast day ( December 6 ) in 1602 .

He is a Catholic saint , also known as Trojan and Troyen . His feast day is held on 30 November .


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Question: The 14,562 acre ( 58.93 km ² or 22.753 sq mi ) island is currently controlled by the United States Navy and is used as a weapons testing and training facility , served by Naval Outlying Field San Nicolas Island .

The 14,562 acre ( 58.93 km ² or 22.753 sq mi ) island is used by the United States Navy for a weapons testing and training .

Of this , 614.15 square miles ( 1,590.6 km2 ) ( or 91.36 % ) is land and 58.05 square miles ( 150.3 km2 ) ( or 8.64 % ) is water Parts of the Detroit River and Lake St. Clair are included in the county .


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Question: The island has a small airport and several buildings , including telemetry reception antennas .

The island has a small airport and several buildings .

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The facility 's barracks were destroyed , along with 15 huts and several other buildings .


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Question: San Nicolas Island is the most remote of California 's Channel Islands .

San Nicolas Island is the most farthest from shore of California 's Channel Islands .

Cape Lookout is southern point of the South Core Banks , one of the natural barrier islands on the Atlantic coast of North Carolina , USA .


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Question: She resided on the island alone for 18 years before she was found by Captain George Nidever and his crew in 1853 and brought back to Santa Barbara .

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She lived on the island alone for 18 years before she was found and brought back to Santa Barbara in 1853 .

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Provided: "In 1956 Robert Menzies created a two level ministry , with only senior ministers in the Cabinet ." Match: "The growth of the ministry in the 1940s and 1950s made this increasingly impractical , and in 1956 Robert Menzies created a two-tier ministry , with only senior ministers holding Cabinet rank , also known within parliament as the front bench ."

The first permanent settler was Jonathan Lambert , from Salem , Massachusetts , United States , who came to the islands in December 1810 .


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Question: The most famous resident of San Nicolas Island was the `` Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island '' , christened Juana Maria ; her birth name was never known to anyone on the mainland .

The most famous person from San Nicolas Island was the `` Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island '' .

It dates back to 1777 and an English explorer , Captain James Cook , went to a place he named `` the Friendly Islands '' ( now Tonga ) .


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Question: She was left behind ( explanations for this vary ) when the rest of the Nicoleños ( Ghalas-at ) were moved to the mainland .

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She was left on the island in 1835 when the rest of the Nicoleños were moved to the missions .

San Nicolas was once the home of the Nicoleño people , who were probably related to the Tongva of the mainland and Santa Catalina Island .


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Question: Between 1957 and 1973 , and in 2004 and 2010 , U.S. military research rockets were launched from San Nicolas Island .

From 1957 and 1973 , and in 2004 , U.S. roc kets were launched from San Nicolas Island .

More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there using the network at its best , although U.S. Census statistics shows only 6,000 .


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Question: From the 1950s to 1970s , however , numerous fossil finds from East Africa yielded evidence that the oldest hominins originated there .

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But during the 1950s and 1970s , many fossil finds from East Africa ( Kenya ) showed that the oldest hominins came from there .

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Aurornis lived roughly 160 million years ago , roughly 10 million years before Archaeopteryx , which often has been described as the first bird .


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Question: It was the tallest building in the world from 1908 to 1909 .

The Singer Building was the tallest building in the world from 1908 to 1909 .

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For example, 'They are also expected to receive '' ... ( a ) n average signing bonus of $ 17,428 . ''' should be close to 'They were also expected to receive an `` average signing bonus of $ 17,428 . '''

They appeared over a period from about 1382 to 1395 .


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Question: When it was demolished , it was the tallest building ever to be demolished , and is still the third-tallest building ever to be demolished ( after the World Trade Center towers ) and the tallest to be purposely demolished by its owner .

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The Singer Building was the tallest building ever demolished by a company .

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Willis Tower is the second-tallest building in the United States .


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Question: Chun was sentenced to death in 1996 for his role in the Gwangju Massacre , but later pardoned by President Kim Young-sam with the advice of then President-elect Kim Dae-jung , whom Chun 's administration had sentenced to death some 20 years earlier .

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Chun was later pardoned by President Kim Young-sam with the advice of then President-elect Kim Dae-jung , who had sentenced to death by Chun some 20 years earlier .

Nakasone was a friend of Brian Mulroney , Ronald Reagan , Helmut Kohl , François Mitterrand , Margaret Thatcher , and Mikhail Gorbachev . He is best known for pushing through the privatization of state-owned companies , and for helping to revitalize Japanese nationalism during and after his term as prime minister .


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Question: Chun Doo-hwan ( Korean pronunciation : ( tɕʌnduhwan ) born 18 January 1931 ) is a ROK Army general who served as the leader of South Korea from 1979 to 1988 , ruling as an unelected military strongman from December 1979 to September 1980 , and the fifth President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988 .

Chun Doo-hwan ( born 18 January 1931 ) was a Korean military officer and the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988 .

Roberto Eduardo Viola ( October 13 , 1924 -- September 30 , 1994 ) was an Argentine military officer . He briefly served as president of Argentina from March 29 to December 11 , 1981 as a military dictatorship .


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Question: In June 1980 , Chun ordered the National Assembly to be dissolved .

On 17 May 1980 , Chun placed the entire country under martial law and disbanded the National Assembly .

Two years later on 1 August 1960 the country had full independence .


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Question: On 12 December 1979 , Chun ordered the arrest of Army Chief of Staff Jeong Seung-hwa on charges of conspiring with Kim Jae-kyu to assassinate the President .

On 12 December 1979 , in what became known as the Incident of December 12th , Chun ordered the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Chung Sung Hwa ( 정승화 , 鄭昇和 ) without authorization from then-President Choi Kyu-ha .

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Solh resigned from office on 15 May 1975 , a few weeks after the start of the Lebanese Civil War .


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Question: In the aftermath of the Reichstag fire , Hitler created a totalitarian single-party state led by the Nazis .

After the Reichstag fire , Hitler created a totalitarian state , where there is only one party by law .

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The Nazis used it as a proof that communists were beginning a plot against the German government .


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Question: The blitzkrieg phase of the war in Europe had ended .

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This marked the end of the blitzkrieg stage of the war .

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This marked the beginning of the line of contact between Soviet and American forces , but not the occcupation zones .


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Question: The resulting Winter War ended in March 1940 with Finnish concessions .

The war ended in March 1940 with a peace treaty .

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Facing permanent internal and external problems , the young state was not able to withstand the invasion by the Russian SFSR Red Armies . It collapsed between February and March of 1921 to become a Soviet republic .


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Question: The Netherlands and Belgium were overrun using blitzkrieg tactics in a few days and weeks , respectively .

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On May 10 , Germany invaded France , Belgium , Holland and Luxembourg and quickly won by using blitzkrieg tactics .

The city was very picturesque until the early days of the World War II . It was bombed mostly to rubble in one night by the Germans .


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Question: In June 1941 , the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union , giving a start to the largest land theater of war in history , which tied down the major part of the Axis ' military forces for the rest of the war .

In June 1941 , the Axis Powers invaded the Soviet Union , starting the largest theater of war in history .

The tank was only intended for use as a training tank to introduce the concept of armoured warfare to the German Army . The tank was used in combat in Spain during the Spanish Civil War , in Poland , France , the Soviet Union and North Africa during the Second World War , and in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War .


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Question: Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively .

The United States then dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima ( August 6 ) and Nagasaki ( August 9 ) .

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The total energy released was equivalent to nearly 500 kilotons of TNT ( 2.1 PJ ) , which would make it 20-30 times more powerful than the atomic bombs detonated at Hiroshima and Nagasaki .


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Question: The Soviets decided to make their stand at Stalingrad , which was in the path of the advancing German armies .

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Stalingrad was in the path of the Axis army , and the Soviets decided to defend the city .

The First Battle of El Alamein had stopped the Axis from attacking deep into Egypt more further .


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Question: In July , the UK and the Soviet Union formed a military alliance against Germany The British and Soviets invaded Iran to secure the Persian Corridor and Iran 's oil fields .

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Britain and the Soviet Union formed a military alliance between them in July .

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This event led the United States , United Kingdom , Australia , Western Allies and China to declare war on Japan , while the Soviet Union remained neutral .


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Question: After signing the German-Soviet treaty governing Lithuania , the Soviet Union forced the Baltic countries to allow it to station Soviet troops in their countries under pacts of `` mutual assistance . ''

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After that , the Soviet Union forced the Baltic countries to allow it to keep Soviet soldiers in their countries .


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E.g.
"In the Romantic era and the 20th century , composers such as Wagner , Mahler , Busoni and Prokofiev also requested notes below the low E ." == "In the Romantic era and the 20th-century , composers such as Mahler , Beethoven , Busoni , and Prokofiev also requested notes below the low E ." != "Though his early music shares much with what is called `` minimalist '' , he has since evolved stylistically ."

Question: On 3 September France and United Kingdom ; followed by the fully independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth , - Australia , Canada , New Zealand and South Africa - declared war on Germany .

On September 3 , Britain and France , followed by the Commonwealth , declared war on Germany .

Upon foundation on 5 May 1948 there were 21 members : The later expansion of the OAS included the newly independent nations of the Caribbean ( most of whom gained independence only after World War II ) and Canada .


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Question: In August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact , a non-aggression treaty with a secret protocol .

Just before the war , Germany and the Soviet Union signed Molotov-Ribbentrop pact , agreeing that they would not attack each other for ten years .

In the FRG at the time this treaty was signed it was not seen as the last word on the border , because article IV stated that previous treaties like the Potsdam Agreement were not superseded by this latest agreement , so the provisions of this treaty could be changed by a final peace treaty between Germany and the Allies of World War II as provided for in the Potsdam Agreement .


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Question: In December 1941 , Japan joined the Axis , attacked the United States and European territories in the Pacific Ocean , and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific .

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In December 1941 , Japan attacked Western colonies in the Pacific .

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The German Navy ( Kriegsmarine ) played a major role in the Second World War as control over the commerce routes in the Atlantic was crucial for Germany , Britain and later the Soviet Union .


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Question: The great powers that were the victors of the war-the United States , the Soviet Union , China , the United Kingdom , and France-became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council .

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This event led the United States , United Kingdom , Australia , Western Allies and China to declare war on Japan , while the Soviet Union remained neutral .

The communist country of North Korea was supported by Russia , China and others . The democratic South was supported by the United Nations and the United States .


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Question: An Axis offensive in Libya forced an Allied retreat deep inside Egypt until Axis forces were stopped at El Alamein .

However , the Axis pushed the Allies back again until stopped at El Alamein .

The Rats of Tobruk was the name given to the soldiers who held the Libyan port of Tobruk against the Afrika Corps , during the Siege of Tobruk in World War II .


Question: At the end of September 1940 , the Tripartite Pact united Japan , Italy and Germany to formalise the Axis Powers .

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Germany made the Axis Powers formal alliance in September 1940 with Tripartite Pact .

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During the Second World War , the Order of Leopold was awarded to officers of foreign militaries who had helped to liberate Belgium from the occupation of German forces .


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Question: The two nations then fought several battles , in Shanghai , Rehe and Hebei , until the Tanggu Truce was signed in 1933 .

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The Tanggu Truce , a ceasefire , was signed in 1933 .

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As the Japanese army was under clear orders from Emperor Hirohito ( who wanted a quick end to the fight with China ) not to go into the Great Wall , the Japanese halted their attack in May 1933 .


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Question: Finland rejected territorial demands and was invaded by the Soviet Union in November 1939 .

Finland did not accept the Soviet call for its land , so it was attacked in November 1939 .

The motorized formations received much attention in the world press in the opening years of the war , and were cited as the reason for the success of the German invasions of Poland ( September 1939 ) , Norway ( April 1940 ) , Denmark , Belgium , France and Netherlands ( May 1940 ) , Yugoslavia ( April 1941 ) and the early campaigns in the Soviet Union ( June 1941 ) .


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Question: Japan planned to rapidly seize European colonies in Asia to create a large defensive perimeter stretching into the Central Pacific ; the Japanese would then be free to exploit the resources of Southeast Asia while exhausting the over-stretched Allies by fighting a defensive war .

Japan planned to take over European colonies in Asia to create a great defensive area in the Pacific which would let it free to get resources .

With the entry of the United States in December 1941 , the Wehrmacht found itself engaged in ground campaigns against two major industrial powers .


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Question: It involved the vast majority of the world 's nations-including all of the great powers-eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis .

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Most of the world 's countries , including all of the great powers , fought as part of two military alliances : the Allies and the Axis .

When World War I broke out , the United States initially maintained a policy of isolationism . They avoided conflict while trying to negotiate peace between the warring nations .


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Question: The start of the war is generally held to be 1 September 1939 , beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later .

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The start of the war is usually said to be the Invasion of Poland on September 1 , 1939 , but some sources count the Japanese invasion of China on July 7 , 1937 , as the start .

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was a ceasefire signed between China and Empire of Japan in Tanggu District , Tianjin on May 31 , 1933 , formally ending the Japanese invasion of Manchuria which had begun two years earlier .


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Question: A Prayer Under Pressure of Violent Anguish was released in September 2000 .

In 2000 the band 's second album A Prayer Under Pressure of Violent Anguish was released .

House of Secrets was released July 27 , 2004 .


Question: represent the following sentence such that it is similar to a related wikipedia-style sentence E.g. given 'Alex Kapranos was born in Almondsbury , Gloucestershire , England to an English mother and Greek father .' it should be close to 'Kapranos was born in Almondsbury , Gloucestershire to an English mother and Greek father .' but not to 'She was born in Welwyn Garden City , Hertfordshire , England to an English mother and Jamaican father .'.

Question: My Ruin was founded by frontwoman Tairrie B in February 1999 , shortly after her previous outfit , Tura Satana , disbanded in late 1998 after the release of their 2nd studio album Relief Through Release .

My Ruin was started by Tairrie B in February 1999 .

The band reunited in 2001 with a new guitarist ( John Roth ) . In 2006 , the band 's 1993 touring line-up ( except for Paul Taylor ) re-united to record the band 's first studio album in over 13 years , `` IV '' .


Question: Ernie is a fictional character , a Muppet on the long-running PBS children 's television show , Sesame Street .

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In the song `` Jim Henson 's Dead '' , Lynch pays tribute to many of the characters from `` The Muppet Show '' and `` Sesame Street '' , two of puppeteer Jim Henson 's most famous creations .


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Question: He filmed and has an incredible archive about well known Armenians , including the only film footage on Hovhannes Shiraz , incredible footage on Charles Aznavour visiting Armenia after the 1988 earthquake , the funeral of William Saroyan ( 1908-1981 ) .

He filmed and has an incredible archive about well known Armenians , including the only film footage on Hovhannes Shiraz , incredible footage on Charles Aznavour visiting Armenia after the 1988 earthquake , the funeral of William Saroyan .

`` Hayk '' Studio of Documental movies is currently working on a documentary about William Saroyan , dedicated to the renowned Armenian American writer 's 100th Anniversary .


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Question: The narration of the film is going to be offered to Al Pacino .

The narration of the movie is going to be offered to Al Pacino .

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At this time , he also appeared as a supporting player in several movies .


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Question: In 1978 , he released his debut short film The Muses .

In 1978 , he released his debut short movie The Muses .

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On January 2009 , the band released their first album , XO .


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Question: `` Hayk '' Armenian Studios of Motion Pictures is currently working on a documentary about William Saroyan , dedicated to the renowned Armenian American writer 's 100th Anniversary .

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For instance, <<It is known as the birthplace of Vermont .>>  to <<It is known as the birthplace of Vermont , where the state constitution was signed , and acted as the first capital until 1805 when Montpelier became the official state capital .>>

`` Hayk '' Studio of Documental movies is currently working on a documentary about William Saroyan , dedicated to the renowned Armenian American writer 's 100th Anniversary .

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He also created a series of stamps for the 5th anniversary of the events in Bender ( 1997 ) , a series of stamps `` Historical and modern coats of arms of cities of Transnistria '' ( 1999 ) , and the 200th anniversary of Alexander Pushkin issue ( 1999 ) .


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Question: `` Hayk '' Armenian Studios of Motion Pictures will collaborate with producers in the United States , to bring this exceptional project to life .

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`` Hayk '' Studio of Documental movies will collaborate with producers in the United States , to bring this exceptional project to life .

His 1977 movie `` Life Triumphs '' ( `` Nahapet '' ) is considered to be one of the most important Armenian movies to deal with the Armenian Genocide .


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Question: The director of the film is Levon Mkrtchyan , an accomplished and famous Armenian film director who is known for his biographical documentaries about people who have had a great impact in the history of the Armenian nation ( Charles Aznavour-Armenia 1989 , Hovhannes Shiraz , Jansem , Matyan Ankakhutyan ) .

The director of the movie is Levon Mkrtchyan , an accomplished and famous Armenian movie director who is known for his biographical documentaries about people who have had a great impact in the history of the Armenian nation ( Jansem , Hovhannes Shiraz , Davit Anhaght , My Komitas ) .

The exposition is continued by the works of Armenian classics \ / H. Hovnatanian , H. Ayvazovski , G. Bashinjaghian , P. Terlemezian , V. Sureniants , V. Mahokian \ / by works of XX century artists \ / M. Saryan , H. Kojoyan , H. Gurdjian , E. Chahin , G. Khanjian , M. Avetisian and by works of other remarkable artists \ / .


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Question: Levon Mkrtchyan continues his contribution to the Armenian people by making more documentaries about the well known Armenians .

Levon Mkrtchyan continues his contribution to the Armenian people by making more documentaries about the well known Armenians .1993 The Armenian Kingdom of Kilikia Footage includes the President of France - Francois Mitterand The President of Armenia - Levon Ter-Petrosyan .

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Ararat is considered the national symbol of Armenia and so is of significant importance to the coat of arms .


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Question: Some contemporary artists are also experimenting with impossible figures , for example , Jos de Mey , Shigeo Fukuda , Sandro del Prete , István Orosz ( Utisz ) , Guido Moretti , Tamás F. Farkas and Mathieu Hamaekers .

Some artists of the time are also experimenting with impossible figures , for example , Jos de Mey , Shigeo Fukuda , Sandro del Prete , István Orosz ( Utisz ) , Guido Moretti , Tamás F. Farkas and Mathieu Hamaekers .

represent this txt to retrieve a related sentence from wikipedia! E.g.:
Here is a list of provincial municipalities ( `` thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh '' ) in Vietnam . == Here is a list of provincial cities ( `` thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh '' ) in Vietnam .

It is the hometown of artists including Paul Valéry , Jean Vilar , Georges Brassens , Gregory Del Piero , Hervé Di Rosa , Manitas de Plata and Robert Combas .


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Question: In 1956 , British psychiatrist Lionel Penrose and his son , mathematician Roger Penrose , submitted a short article to the British Journal of Psychology titled `` Impossible Objects : A Special Type of Visual Illusion '' .

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In 1956 , British psychiatrist Lionel Penrose and his son , mathematician Roger Penrose , submitted a short article to the British Journal of Psychology titled Impossible Objects : A Special Type of Visual Illusion .

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He was auditor of the College Historical Society and president of the University Philosophical Society , where his first paper was on `` Sensationalism in Fiction and Society '' .


Question:
represent the following sentence such that it is similar to a related wikipedia-style sentence.
Fewshots:
'She was the first permanent wheelchair user in the House of Commons since 1880 .' == 'Begg is the first permanent wheelchair user in the House of Commons .' != 'This is the seventh person to hold that function since 1961 .'

Question: The article was published in 1958 .

The article was only published in 1958 .


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Question: An impossible object ( also known as an impossible figure or an undecidable figure ) is a type of optical illusion .

Impossible objects are also known as impossible figure or undecidable figure .

These laws are useful in all branches of geometry , since `` every polygon may be described as a combination of triangles '' .


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Question: Impossible objects are of interest to psychologists , mathematicians and artists without falling entirely into any one discipline .

Impossible objects are of interest to psychologists , mathematicians and artists .

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For instance, <<Ammerswil is a municipality of the district Lenzburg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland .>>  to <<Ammerswil is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .>>

Animal color has been a topic of interest and research in biology for a long time .


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Question: Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd was one of the first to deliberately design many impossible objects .

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Notable undecidable figures include : Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd was the first to deliberately design many impossible objects .

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From the 1930s on he made paintings said to be in an expressionist style . He later destroyed all these works .


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Question: The article referred to Escher , whose work had sparked their interest in the subject , but not Reutersvärd , of whom they were unaware .

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The article referenced Escher , whose work had sparked their interest in the subject , but not Reutersvärd , whom they were unaware of .

Majerus died before he could complete the writing up of his experiments , but the work was carried on by others .


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Question: From the 1930s onwards Dutch artist M.C. Escher produced many drawings featuring paradoxes of perspective gradually working towards impossible objects '' .

From the 1930s onwards Dutch artist M. C. Escher produced many drawings with paradoxes of perspective .

They mastered the technique of building vast inner spaces confined by seemingly weightless yet massive domes . Their work achieved harmony between inner and outer spaces , as well as light and shadow .


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Question: He produced many further drawings featuring impossible objects , sometimes with the entire drawing being an impossible object .

He produced many other drawings of impossible objects , sometimes with the entire drawing being an undecidable figure .

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It focussed on basic geometric forms such as the square and circle .


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Question: However , the initial impression of a 3D object remains even after it has been contradicted .

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The impression of a 3D figure may still remain even after there was the contradiction .

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In this manner , it is possible to construct maps that require an arbitrarily high number of colors .


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Question: It consists of a two-dimensional figure which is instantly and subconsciously interpreted by the visual system as representing a projection of a three-dimensional object .

The visual system and the brain subconsciously interpret it as a projection of a three-dimensional object .

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He demonstrated that with simple relocation of these colors , and experimenting with the proportionality of various square surfaces , one can achieve extremely different ambiances and various feelings .


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Question: The universe 's first stars were massive , ionizing hydrogen in the surrounding environment ( Trenti ) .

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The universe 's first stars were massive , ionizing hydrogen in the surrounding environment .

Inside superclusters are large voids of space in which few galaxies exist .


Question: YD3 ) is thought to be the first galaxy observed in the reionization epoch .

YD3 ) is probably the first galaxy seen in the reionization epoch .

The survey measured more than 245,000 galaxies . With the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , this provided the measurements of large scale structure in the low-redshift Universe .


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Question: Michele Trenti , an astronomer who was not involved in the study but provided commentary published with the report , says that the discovery of the distant galaxy represents a Scientists hope to find older galaxies ; however , closer to the Big Bang , fewer exist and they are dimmer on average .

Michele Trenti , an astronomer who was not involved in the study but provided commentary published with the report , says that the discovery of the distant galaxy is `` a fundamental leap forward in observational cosmology '' .

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For instance, <<Giancarlo Zigante and his dog Diana found one of the largest truffles in the world near Buje , Croatia .>>  to <<In 1999 , Giancarlo Zigante and his dog Diana found one of the largest truffles in the world near Buje , Croatia .>>

There are no images or direct sightings of the material thought to be absorbing the plasma , but the likely candidates would be difficult to detect directly .


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Question: But others think this object can be located at z 6.9-7 .2 The galaxy is located in the constellation Fornax , and is estimated to have contained roughly a billion stars , although it was only at most one tenth of the diameter of our own galaxy , the Milky Way , and had less than 1 % of the mass of the Milky Way 's stars .

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The galaxy is in the constellation Fornax , and it is estimated that the galaxy contains a billion stars .

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For instance, <<In 2010 Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin Van Den Akker wrote an article called ` Notes on Metamodernism ' that characterised life today as an oscillation between the realism of Postmodernism and the idealism of Modernism .>>  to "In 2010 the cultural theorists Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker introduced the term metamodernism as an intervention in the post-postmodernism debate ."

Recently , M82 has undergone at least one tidal encounter with M81 . This resulted in a large amount of gas being funnelled into the galaxy 's core over the last 200 million years ( myr ) .


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E.g.
"Some of the characters are fully fictional , although they may have been based on actual persons ." == "Some of the characters are fully fictional , but they may have been based on actual persons ." != "The phrases used in the story , and the various morals that can be drawn from it , have become a part of Western culture ."

Question: Coordinates : 3h 32m 38.13 s , − 27 ° 45 ′ 53.9 ″ UDFy-38135539 ( also known as `` HUDF .

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Question: St. Barts is considered a playground of the rich and famous , especially as a winter haven , and is known for its beaches , gourmet dining and high-end designers .

St. Barts has long been considered a playground of the rich and famous and is known for its beautiful pristine beaches , gourmet dining in chic bistros and high-end designer shopping .

The original coastal fishing village is now a laid-back , mixed-use neighborhood of private homes , hotels , condominiums , restaurants , and tourist shops .


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Question: Saint Barthélemy ( French : Saint-Barthélemy , French pronunciation : ( sɛ̃baʁtelemi ) ) , officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint Barthélemy ( French : Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy ) , is an overseas collectivity of France .

Saint-Barthélemy , officially the Collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy ( French : Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy ) , is a new overseas collectivity of France .

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Haiti ( French : Haïti ; Haitian Creole : Ayiti ) , officially the Republic of Haiti ( French : République d'Haïti ; Haitian Creole : Repiblik d Ayiti ) is a country on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola .


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Question: The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich , and held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815 .

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The chairman was the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich .

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The Paris Peace Conference ( July 29 to October 15 , 1946 ) resulted in the Paris Peace Treaties signed on February 10 , 1947 .


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Question: It was a small fishing village before it was settled by a number of Garifuna emigrants from Honduras in 1823 .

It was a small fishing village before being settled by a number of Garifuna who came from Honduras in 1823 .

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By the mid-1800s a large group of immigrants had arrived from Germany .


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Question: The Commonwealth , or Commonwealth of England , was the period from 1649 onwards when England , along later with Ireland and Scotland , was ruled as a republic following the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I . The republic 's existence was initially declared through `` An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth '' , adopted by the Rump Parliament on 19 May 1649 .

After the execution of Charles I on January 30 , 1649 , the Commonwealth was declared ( An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth ) by the Rump Parliament on May 19 , 1649 .

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In Hong Kong , all laws enacted by the territory 's Legislative Council remain to be known as `` Ordinances '' , despite the transfer of the territory to the People 's Republic of China in 1997 .


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Question: Then world middleweight champion Sugar Ray Robinson traveled to London and , on 10 July 1951 , risked his title against Turpin , who won the world title by beating Robinson on a 15-round decision .

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In 1951 , Sugar Ray Robinson traveled to England and gave Turpin an opportunity to fight for his middleweight championship .

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Marciano was knocked down in the fight , but he got up and knocked out Moore in the 9th round .


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Originally , Christopher Blizzard had a seat on the board , but he moved to the Mozilla Corporation Board of Directors when it was established ; Joichi Ito joined the Mozilla Foundation board at that time . == Originally Christopher Blizzard had a seat on the board but he moved to the Mozilla Corporation Board of Directors when it was established ; Joichi Ito joined the Mozilla Foundation board at that time . != In May 2014 , Tretikov was selected as the future executive director of Wikimedia Foundation , replacing Sue Gardner and took up the post on June 1 , 2014 . Other websites .

Question: Hurwicz received six honorary doctorates , from Northwestern University ( 1980 ) , the University of Chicago ( 1993 ) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( 1989 ) , Keio University ( 1993 ) , Warsaw School of Economics ( 1994 ) and Universität Bielefeld ( 2004 ) .

Hurwicz has received six honorary doctorates ( PhD ) , from Northwestern University ( 1980 ) , the University of Chicago ( 1993 ) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( 1989 ) , Keio University ( 1993 ) , Warsaw School of Economics ( 1994 ) and Universität Bielefeld ( 2004 ) .

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In 2010 , Tübingen joined the Matariki Network of Universities ( MNU ) together with Dartmouth College ( USA ) , Durham University ( UK ) , Queen 's University ( Canada ) , University of Otago ( New Zealand ) , University of Western Australia ( Australia ) and Uppsala University ( Sweden ) .


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Question: He was a member of the American Academy of Independent Scholars ( 1979 ) and a Distinguished Scholar of the California Institute of Technology ( 1984 ) .

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He is a member of the American Academy of Independent Scholars ( 1979 ) and a Distinguished Scholar of the California Institute of Technology ( 1984 ) .

Rutter has been given many honors , including honorary Fellow of Westminster Choir College , Princeton ( 1980 ) , Fellow of the Guild of Church Musicians ( 1988 ) .


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Question: From 1942 to 1944 , at the University of Chicago , he was a member of the faculty of the Institute of Meteorology and taught statistics in the Department of Economics .

Then from 1942 to 1944 , at the University of Chicago , he was a member of the faculty of the Institute of Meteorology and taught statistics in the Department of Economics .

In 1989 , she became professor of physics and director of the California Space Institute at the University of California , San Diego .


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Question: He was an honorary visiting professor of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Economics ( 1984 ) .

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He is an honorary visiting professor of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Economics ( 1984 ) .

Aruri was a Chancellor Professor ( Emeritus ) of Political Science , having served on the faculty of the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth from 1965-1998 .


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Question: Hurwicz shared the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson for their work on mechanism design .

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Hurwicz shared the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson for their work on ways mechanism design .

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John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are some of the people who have given the lecture since it was thought to be important in 1992 .


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Question: Although he retired from full-time teaching in 1988 , Hurwicz taught graduate school as professor emeritus most recently in the fall of 2006 .

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The provided query could be "The grapes grown here include Kékfrankos for red wine and Traminer ( Gewürztraminer ) for white wine ." and the positive "Grapes include Kékfrankos for red wine and Traminer ( Gewürztraminer ) for white wine ."

Although he retired from full time teaching in 1988 , Hurwicz taught graduate school as Professor Emeritus in the autumn of 2006 .

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Sontag taught freshman English at the University of Connecticut for the 1952 -- 53 academic year .


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Question: During a telephone interview , a representative of the Nobel Foundation told Hurwicz and his wife that Hurwicz was the oldest person to win the Nobel Prize .

During a telephone interview , a member of the Nobel Foundation told Hurwicz and his wife that Hurwicz is the oldest person ever to win the Nobel Prize .

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Example:
Provided: "The prefectures are also often grouped into nine regions ( `` Chihō '' ) ." Match: "The prefectures are also often grouped into eight regions ( `` Chihō '' ) ."

In 1974 , Antony Hewish became the first astronomer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics .


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Question: His most recent articles were published in the journals `` Economic Theory '' ( 2003 , with Thomas Marschak ) , `` Review of Economic Design '' ( 2001 , with Stanley Reiter ) and `` Advances in Mathematical Economics '' ( 2003 , with Marcel K. Richter ) .

His recent journals include `` Economic Theory '' ( 2003 , with Thomas Marschak ) , `` Review of Economic Design '' ( 2001 , with Stanley Reiter ) and `` Advances in Mathematical Economics '' ( 2003 , with Marcel K. Richter ) .

Crusio serves or has served on the editorial boards of `` Behavioral and Brain Functions , Behavior Genetics '' ( 1991 -- 1995 ) , `` Behavioural Brain Research '' ( 1997 -- 2007 ) , `` BMC Neuroscience '' , `` BMC Research Notes , Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience , Journal of Visualized Experiments , Molecular Brain , Neurogenetics '' ( 1998 -- 2006 ) , and `` Physiology and Behavior '' .


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Question: Back at Minnesota , Hurwicz became chairman of the Statistics Department in 1961 , Regents Professor of Economics in 1969 , and Curtis L. Carlson Regents Professor of Economics in 1989 .

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For example, 'Whedon will become the new writer of the Marvel comic `` Runaways '' when series creator Brian K. Vaughan finishes his run .' should be close to 'Taking over after series creator Brian K. Vaughan completed his run , Whedon became the second writer of the Marvel comic `` Runaways '' .'

In the University of Minnesota in 1961 , Hurwicz became chairman of the Statistics Department , Regents Professor of Economics in 1969 , and Curtis L. Carlson Regents Professor of Economics in 1989 .

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Question: Hurwicz received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1945-1946 .

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Hurwicz received a Guggenheim Fellowship for 1945-1946 .

Snell worked at WUSTL as a teacher from 1933 to 1934 .


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Question: The Leonid Hurwicz Distinguished Lecture is given to the Minnesota Economic Association ( as is the Heller lecture ) .

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For example, 'A specialized type of ship with at least 20 rowing benches was called a snekkja , meaning ` thin and projecting . '' should be close to 'The snekkja , meaning ` thin and projecting , ' was typically the smallest longship used in warfare and was classified as a ship with at least 20 rowing benches .'

The Leonid Hurwicz Distinguished Lecture is given to the Minnesota Economic Association .

Other awards bestowed by the society include the `` Associate of Honour '' and the `` Honorary Fellowship '' .


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Question: They had four children : Sarah , Michael , Ruth and Maxim .

They have four children called Sarah , Michael , Ruth and Maxim .

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Savile was born in Leeds the youngest of seven children and his siblings were Mary , Marjory , Vincent , John , Joan and Cristina .


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Question: In 1946 he became an associate professor of economics at Iowa State College .

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In 1946 he became a professor of economics at Iowa State College .

He studied at the University of Queensland , the University of Sydney and University College London , before taking a position as head of the newly established department of anatomy at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg , South Africa in 1922 .


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Question: In 2007 he said , `` Whatever economics I learned I learned by listening and learning . ''

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He said , `` Whatever economics I learned , I learned by listening and learning . ''

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When Piper talked about this he said , `` This news has , of course , been good for me .


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Question: He taught subjects ranging from theory to welfare economics , public economics , mechanisms and institutions and mathematical economics .

He taught subjects ranging from theory to welfare economics , public economics , rules for large companies and mathematical economics .

George Woodman Hilton ( January 18 , 1925 -- August 4 , 2014 ) was an American historian and economist . He worked in social history , transportation economics , regulation by commission , the history of economic thought and labor history .


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The provided query could be 'Hauteville-Lompnes is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .' and the positive 'Hauteville-Lompnes is a commune . It is found in the region Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France .' and the negative 'Béard-Géovreissiat is a commune in the Ain department of France .'

Question: John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are among those who have delivered the lecture since it was inaugurated in 1992 .

John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are some of the people who have given the lecture since it was thought to be important in 1992 .

He won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences ( 2001 ) and the John Bates Clark Medal ( 1979 ) .


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Question: Mechanism design has been used to model negotiations and taxation , voting and elections , to design auctions such as those for communications bandwidth , elections and labor talks and for pricing stock options .

Mechanism design has been used as a guide for talks and taxation , voting and elections , to design auctions such as those for communications bandwidth , elections and labor talks and for pricing business stocks .

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The theory of incentive compatibility that Hurwicz developed changed the way many economists think about sharing in the future , explaining why centrally planned economies may fail and how rewards for certain people make a difference when making decisions .


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Question: Immediately following a live broadcast of the Nobel Prize awards ceremony , Jonas Hafstrom , Swedish ambassador to the United States , personally awarded the Economics Prize to Professor Hurwicz .

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After watching the Nobel Prize awards ceremony on television , Jonas Hafstrom , the Swedish ambassador to the United States , awarded the Economics Prize to Professor Hurwicz .

In 1993 , he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace with Nelson Mandela .


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Question: From January 1942 until June 1946 , he was a research associate for the Cowles Commission .

From January 1942 until June 1946 , he was a researcher for the Cowles Commission .

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From 7 September 1949 to 6 September 1950 he was the first President of the Bundesrat .


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Question: In October 2007 , Hurwicz shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin of the Institute for Advanced Study and Roger Myerson of the University of Chicago `` for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory . ''

In October 2007 , Hurwicz shared The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with Eric Maskin of the Institute for Advanced Study and Roger Myerson of the University of Chicago `` for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory . ''

Paul Christian Lauterbur ( May 6 , 1929 -- March 27 , 2007 ) was an American chemist . Lauterbur won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 with Peter Mansfield `` for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging '' .


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Question: The theory of incentive compatibility that Hurwicz developed changed the way many economists thought about outcomes , explaining why centrally planned economies may fail and how incentives for individuals make a difference in decision making .

The theory of incentive compatibility that Hurwicz developed changed the way many economists think about sharing in the future , explaining why centrally planned economies may fail and how rewards for certain people make a difference when making decisions .

The three Nobel prize winners used game theory work by mathematician John Forbes Nash , to discover the best way to reach a good outcome , without forgetting individual people .


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Question: He then studied at the London School of Economics with Nicholas Kaldor and Friedrich Hayek .

He enjoyed studying in economics class and went to the London School of Economics with Nicholas Kaldor and Friedrich Hayek .

Norrington studied at Clare College , Cambridge and the Royal College of Music where his teachers included Adrian Boult .


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Question: These four approaches - Laplace , Wald , Hurwicz and Savage - have been studied , corrected and applied for over fifty years by many different people including John Milnor , G. L. S. Shackle , Daniel Ellsberg , R. Duncan Luce and Howard Raiffa , in a field some date back to Jacob Bernoulli .

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The four peoples work - Laplace , Wald , Hurwicz and Savage - that the Hurwicz Criterion has been based on was studied , corrected and used for over fifty years by many different people including John Milnor , G. L. S. Shackle , Daniel Ellsberg , R. Duncan Luce and Howard Raiffa , but some people say the work was started by Jacob Bernoulli .

There , his professors were some of the greatest economists , such as Nobel prize winners James Tobin and Thomas Schelling , and he studied with Arthur Okun .


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Question: After moving to the United States he continued his studies at Harvard University and the University of Chicago .

After moving to the United States he studied more economics at Harvard University and the University of Chicago .

She studied at the University of Nevada and George Washington University , and earned a BA from the University of Missouri in 1944 .


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Question: Hurwicz was recruited by Walter Heller to the University of Minnesota in 1951 , where he became a professor of economics and mathematics in the School of Business Administration .

Hurwicz was given a job by Walter Heller at the University of Minnesota in 1951 , where he became a professor of economics and mathematics in the School of Business Administration .

In 1941 , Thomas earned his B.A. and studied chemistry and chemical engineering at the University of Texas at Austin . He also earned his M. A. from there in 1943 .


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Question: About 1942 his advisors were Jacob Marschak and Tjalling Koopmans at the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics at the University of Chicago , now the Cowles Foundation at Yale University .

His advisors in 1942 were Jacob Marschak and Tjalling Koopmans of the University of Chicago , who now work for the Cowles Foundation at Yale University .

After the war , Urey became professor of chemistry at the Institute for Nuclear Studies , then Ryerson professor of chemistry at the University of Chicago before moving to the University of California , San Diego .


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Question: When Eugene McCarthy ran for president of the United States , Hurwicz served in 1968 as a McCarthy delegate from Minnesota to the Democratic Party Convention and a member of the Democratic Party Platform Committee .

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When Eugene McCarthy ran for president of the United States ( 1968 ) , Hurwicz was a Minnesota delegate to the Democratic Party Convention and a member of the Democratic Party Platform Committee .

Because President Lyndon B. Johnson had announced he would not seek reelection , the reason of the convention was to select a new presidential nominee to run as the Democratic Party 's candidate for the office .


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Question: Hurwicz was elected a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1947 and in 1969 was the society 's president .

Hurwicz was voted to be a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1947 and in 1969 was the Econometric Societys president .

Crusio was one of two co-founders of the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society in 1996 He served as member-at-large of the executive committee , treasurer , and president ( 1998 -- 2001 ) of this society .


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Question: When asked which of all the applications of mechanism design he was most pleased to see he said welfare economics .

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When he was asked what the most important part of mechanism design is , he said welfare economics .

This was the first demonstartion that a machine could teach , and also a demonstration that knowledge of results was the cause of the learning .


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Question: Unable to attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm because of his poor health , Hurwicz received the prize in Minneapolis .

Professor Hurwicz was not able to attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm because of his age , Hurwicz received the prize in Minneapolis .

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During a telephone interview , a member of the Nobel Foundation told Hurwicz and his wife that Hurwicz is the oldest person ever to win the Nobel Prize .


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Question: In the 1950s , he worked with Kenneth Arrow on non-linear programming ; in 1972 Arrow became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Economics prize .

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Kenneth Arrow became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Economics prize in 1972 .


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Question: He was also a research professor of economics and mathematical statistics at the University of Illinois , a consultant to the RAND Corporation through the University of Chicago and a consultant to the U.S. Bureau of the Budget .

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He was also a research professor of economics and statistics at the University of Illinois , a consultant to the RAND Corporation for the University of Chicago and a consultant to the U.S. government .

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Before teaching at Berkeley , he was a professor of physics at Stanford University .


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Question: Hurwicz was Regents ' Professor of Economics ( Emeritus ) at the University of Minnesota .

Hurwicz works as Regents Professor of Economics ( head teacher of economics ) at the University of Minnesota .

John Henry Holland ( February 2 , 1929 -- August 9 , 2015 ) was an American scientist . He was Professor of Psychology and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan , Ann Arbor .


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Question: In 1974 he was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences and in 1977 was named a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association .

In 1974 he was made a part of the National Academy of Sciences and in 1977 was made a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association .

Rutter has been given many honors , including honorary Fellow of Westminster Choir College , Princeton ( 1980 ) , Fellow of the Guild of Church Musicians ( 1988 ) .


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Question: Hurwicz was born in Moscow , Russia , to a family of Polish Jews a few months before the October Revolution .

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For example, Apple announced the A4 on January 27 , 2010 , during their `` Latest Creation '' event . should be similar to The Apple A4 chip , along with the original iPad , was announced on January 27 , 2010 , during Apple 's `` Latest Creation '' event .

Professor Hurwicz was born in Moscow , Russia to a Jewish family a few months before the October Revolution .

Coates was born in Saint Petersburg , Russia , the youngest of seven sons of an English father and a Russian mother .


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Question: They married in 1944 and later lived on the Mississippi River parkway in Minneapolis , Minnesota .

Leonid and Evelyn got married in 1944 and later , lived on the Mississippi River parkway in Minneapolis , Minnesota .

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In the early 1800s , Edward Smith and his family settled on the site of today 's county fairgrounds .


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Question: Hurwicz had no degree in economics .

Professor Hurwicz does not have a degree in economics but he won the Nobel prize for economics in 2007 .

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Both graduate degrees were in mathematics and mathematical physics .


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Question: In 1955 and again in 1958 Hurwicz was a visiting professor , and a fellow on the second visit , at Stanford University and there in 1959 published `` Optimality and Informational Efficiency in Resource Allocation Processes '' on mechanism design .

In 1955 and again in 1958 Hurwicz was a visiting professor , and a fellow on the second visit , at Stanford University and there in 1959 he published `` Optimality and Informational Efficiency in Resource Allocation Processes '' on making rules for buyers and sellers and governments share wealth .

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John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are some of the people who have given the lecture since it was thought to be important in 1992 .


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Question: In 1939 he moved to Geneva where he studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies and attended the seminar of Ludwig von Mises .

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The provided query could be "The chapel became a Catholic church People already lived in the Kreuzlingen area during the Bronze Age ." and the positive "The chapel became a Catholic church The area was already settled during the Bronze Age ."

In 1939 he moved to Geneva where he studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies and studied Ludwig von Mises teaching .

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Mannheim was born in Budapest . He studied there as well as in Berlin , Paris and Heidelberg .


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Question: Leonid `` Leo '' Hurwicz ( Russian : Леони́д Гу́рвич ; August 21 , 1917 - June 24 , 2008 ) was an economist and mathematician , born in Moscow .

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Leonid Hurwicz ( August 21 , 1917 - June 24 , 2008 ) was an American economist , mathematician , and winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics .

Harry Max Markowitz ( born August 24 , 1927 ) is an American economist .


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Question: Hurwicz was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1965 .

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Hurwicz was made part of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1965 .

Weston was president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers from 1888-89 .


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Question: In 1941 Hurwicz was a research assistant to Paul Samuelson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and to Oskar Lange at the University of Chicago .

In 1941 Hurwicz was helping Paul Samuelson to teach at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and helping Oskar Lange to teach at the University of Chicago .

In 1946 he became a professor of economics at Iowa State College .


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Question: Hurwicz , who had graduated from Warsaw University in 1938 , at the time of Nazi invasion on Poland was in London , moved to Switzerland then to Portugal and finally in 1940 he emigrated to the United States .

Hurwicz was forced to move to Switzerland , then to Portugal and finally in 1940 he moved to the United States .

Berneri , a World War I veteran , University of Florence professor of humanities , and a member of the Unione Anarchica Italiana , fought always Fascists , and he started to fight fascism until1926 , when he was forced to escape from Italy and he went in France , then Switzerland , Germany , Belgium , Luxembourg , and finally the Netherlands .


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Question: Hurwicz and his family experienced persecution by both the Bolsheviks and Nazis , as he again became a refugee when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939 .

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He became a refugee again when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939 .

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Chernov was born in Lithuania to Russian parents , and moved with his family to Salzburg , Austria where he started school .


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Question: Hurwicz presented the Fisher-Schultz ( 1963 ) , Richard T. Ely ( 1972 ) , David Kinley ( 1989 ) and Colin Clark ( 1997 ) lectures .

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Hurwicz has taught works by Fisher-Schultz ( 1963 ) , Richard T. Ely ( 1972 ) , David Kinley ( 1989 ) and Colin Clark ( 1997 ) .

His recent journals include `` Economic Theory '' ( 2003 , with Thomas Marschak ) , `` Review of Economic Design '' ( 2001 , with Stanley Reiter ) and `` Advances in Mathematical Economics '' ( 2003 , with Marcel K. Richter ) .


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Question: His interests included linguistics , archaeology , biochemistry and music .

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He has interests in linguistics , archaeology , biochemistry and music .

He earned a BA degree from Pomona College in perceptual psychology in 1965 . He studied the Ganzfeld effect and mathematics , geology and astronomy there .


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Question: His parents and brother fled Warsaw , only to be arrested and sent to Soviet labor camps .

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His parents and brother ran away to Warsaw where they were arrested by the Soviets and sent to labor camps .

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Out of 350,000 -- 550,000 civilians who passed through the camp , 90,000 were sent to labour camps in the Third Reich , 60,000 were shipped to death and concentration camps ( including Ravensbrück , Auschwitz , and Mauthausen , among others ) . The rest were transported to various locations in the General Government and released .


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Question: Accompanied by Evelyn , his spouse of six decades , and his family , he was the guest of honor at a convocation held on the campus of the University of Minnesota presided over by university president Robert Bruininks .

Accompanied by Evelyn , his wife for sixty years , and his family , he was the most important guest at a meeting in the University of Minnesota with the university president Robert Bruininks .

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To give you a sense - "At the beginning the fairs , who was set up the first days of December , had the function of celebrate the day of the `` Immaculate Conception '' , therefore the people set the date of the fairs on 9 December and 10 December ." should be close to "The fair was set for 9 and 10 December , as the feast of Immaculate Conception coincided with the beginning of the month ."

On the morning of Garner 's 95th birthday on November 22 , 1963 , President John F. Kennedy called to wish the former Vice President a happy birthday , just hours before his assassination in Dallas .


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Question: Hurwicz was the graduate advisor to Daniel McFadden , who received the prize in 2000 .

Hurwicz helped Daniel McFadden , who won a Nobel prize in 2000 .

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Kenneth Arrow became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Economics prize in 1972 .


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Question: The winners applied game theory , a field advanced by mathematician John Forbes Nash , to discover the best and most efficient means to reach a desired outcome , taking into account individuals ' knowledge and self-interest , which may be hidden or private .

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The three Nobel prize winners used game theory work by mathematician John Forbes Nash , to discover the best way to reach a good outcome , without forgetting individual people .

Knowledge will not be a scarce resource any more , but that wont lead to more rational decisions in most of the cases , because the knowledge on its own is not sufficient to change behavior when strong interests are involved .


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Question: First presented in 1950 , the Hurwicz criterion is thought about to this day in the area of decision making called `` under uncertainty . ''

The Hurwicz Criterion is also called `` under uncertainty '' .

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Since many systems can be modelled as linear systems , the principle has many applications in physics and engineering .


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Question: His family eventually joined him there .

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His family joined him there after some time .

She stayed in the United States until 1927 when she and her husband returned to France .


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Question: He spent most of the rest of his career there , but it was interspersed with studies and teaching elsewhere in the United States and Asia .

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Most of his work for the rest of his life was in Minnesota , but he studied and was a teacher elsewhere in the United States and Asia .

He trained and became a master of that kind of art before traveling at 26 to Venice , as other Greek artists had done .


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Question: Hurwicz hired Evelyn Jensen ( born October 31 , 1923 ) , who grew up on a Wisconsin farm and was , at the time , an undergraduate in economics at the University of Chicago , as his teaching assistant during the 1940s .

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Hurwicz hired Evelyn Jensen to help him teach during the 1940s .

The son of Clyde Ira Selby and Sarah E. McIntyre Selby , he went to West Virginia University in the town of his birth , getting him a Bachelor of Science and a Master 's degree in theater , and after that , a Ph.D. from Southern Illinois University .


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Question: Hurwicz combined Wald 's ideas with work done in 1812 by Pierre-Simon Laplace .

Hurwicz had the idea of putting Abraham Walds work together with work done by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1812 .

At the Cowles Foundation , his research was mainly on future prices and wages , following the work of Robert Solow .


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Question: A Bunsen burner , named after Robert Bunsen , is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame , which is used for heating , sterilization , and combustion .

A Bunsen burner is a common piece of laboratory equipment .

The free metal burns with a characteristic brilliant white light , making it a useful ingredient in flares .


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Question: The most important alternatives to the Bunsen burner are :

It is used as an original source of information about the topic .


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Question: There are three types of tundra : arctic tundra , alpine tundra , and Antarctic tundra .

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There are three types of tundra : Arctic tundra , Antarctic tundra , and alpine tundra .

Cockatoos occupy a wide range of habitats , from forests in subalpine zones to mangroves .


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Question: In physical geography , a tundra is a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons .

In physical geography , tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons .

It is found on large landmasses , away from the moderating effects of an ocean , generally at latitudes from 50 ° to 70 ° N. Due to the absence of any large landmasses at such latitudes , it is not found in the Southern Hemisphere .


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Question: The ecotone ( or ecological boundary region ) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline .

The boundary between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline .

Because alpine tundra is in many different widely-separated regions of the Earth , there is no animal species found in all areas of alpine tundra .


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The provided query could be 'Wayne County is included in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn , MI Metropolitan Statistical Area .' and the positive 'Wayne County was one of the first counties formed when the Northwest Territory was created .' and the negative 'Ventura County includes Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also part of the Los Angeles-Long Beach , CA Combined Statistical Area .'

Question: Notable animals in the Arctic tundra include caribou ( reindeer ) , musk ox , arctic hare , arctic fox , snowy owl , lemmings , and polar bears ( only near ocean-fed bodies of water ) .

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Some examples of animals that live in the tundra are : rodents , hares , sables , caribou , wolves , arctic foxes , bears , walruses , seals , and snowy owls .

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Hundreds of sea birds , including razorbills , guillemots , fulmars and kittiwakes , spend the summer nesting on the island 's eastern cliffs . There are no land predators such as rats or foxes on the island .


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Question: The term tundra comes through Russian тундра from the Kildin Sami word tūndâr `` uplands '' , `` treeless mountain tract '' .

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The term `` tundra '' comes from tūndâr which means ` uplands , tundra , treeless mountain tract ' .

This in turn derives from the Proto-Indo-European root '' * bhrgh '' meaning `` fortified elevation '' , with cognates including Welsh `` bera '' , `` stack '' and Sanskrit bhrant - `` high , elevated building '' .


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Question: Scattered trees grow in some tundras .

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Even more diverse though less widespread heath occurs in Southern Africa .


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Question: Return to Never Land ( also known as Peter Pan 2 or Peter Pan 2 : Return to Never Land ) is a 2002 American animated fantasy comedy-drama film produced by DisneyToon Studios in Sydney , Australia and released by Walt Disney Pictures .

Return to Never Land ( also known as Peter Pan in Disney 's Return to Never Land ) is a 2002 American animated movie .

Avatar : The Last Airbender-The Burning Earth ( in Europe known as Avatar : The Legend of Aang-The Burning Earth ) is a video game for Xbox 360 , Wii , PlayStation 2 , Nintendo DS , Game Boy Advance , and based on the animated television series Avatar : The Last Airbender .


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Question: The film is a sequel to the 1953 film Peter Pan , based on J. M. Barrie 's most famous work Peter Pan , or The Boy Who Would n't Grow Up .

The movie is a sequel to the 1953 Peter Pan .

Henley 's first acting job was playing Lucy Pevensie in the 2005 movie The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , based on the C.S. Lewis novel The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe .


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Question: Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary .

The melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary .

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The lower added note may or may not be chromatically raised ( turn into a sharp ) An inverted turn ( the note below the one indicated , the note itself , the note above it , and the note itself again ) is usually indicated by putting a short vertical line through the normal turn sign , though sometimes the sign itself is turned upside down .


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E.g. given 'At the age of ten he approached McLaren F1 team boss Ron Dennis for an autograph , and told him , `` Hi .' it should be close to 'At the age of ten he approached McLaren F1 team boss Ron Dennis for an autograph .' but not to 'When he was recovering in the hospital from back surgery , he recounted that Bret Hart had showed up and said that Vince McMahon had sent him to get Dynamite 's tag belt but Billington refused .'.

Question: In a few scores , the sharp A in the bass clef is written on the top line .

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In a few scores , 5-sharp key signatures in the bass clef are written with the sharp for the A on the top line .

A three-quarter flat is represented by a half flat and a regular flat .


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Question: G-sharp minor is a minor scale based on G ♯ , consisting of the pitches G ♯ , A ♯ , B , C ♯ , D ♯ , E , and F ♯ .

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G-sharp minor is a minor scale based on G ♯ .

The circle depends on enharmonic relationships in the circle , which is six sharps or flats for the major keys of F ♯ = G ♭ and D ♯ = E ♭ for minor keys ( Drabkin 2001 ) .


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Question: If G-sharp minor must absolutely be used , one should take care that B-flat wind instruments be notated in B-flat minor , rather than A-sharp minor .

If G-sharp minor must be used , B-flat wind instruments should have their part written in B-flat minor , not A-sharp minor .

This is the normal pitch : the note will sound as it is written , e.g. when playing Middle C the sound will be Middle C . A 4 foot stop will sound an octave higher than written , a 2 foot stop will be two octaves higher .


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Question: For orchestration of piano music , some theorists recommend transposing the music to G minor or A minor .

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For orchestration of piano music ( writing it so an orchestra can play it ) , sometimes the music is transposed to G minor or A minor .

In each of the bottom three places on the circle of fifths the two enharmonic equivalents can both be written without double-sharps or double-flats and so do not classify as ` theoretical keys ' : But when a relative key is on the opposite side of the circle from its home key , then in theory modulating to that key would involve adding so many sharps or flats that double-sharps and double-flats would have to be written in the key signature .


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Question: In 2004 and 2005 KANOTIX was a popular distribution ranking in the top 20 of distrowatch.com .

In 2004 and 2005 KANOTIX was a popular distribution ranking in the `` top 20 '' of `` distrowatch.com '' .

The start of PCLinuxOS was a set of RPM packages created to improve successive versions of Mandrake Linux ( now Mandriva Linux ) .


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Question: Kanotix can be installed to the hard disk using the ( graphical ) acritoxinstaller , which , depending on optical drive , hard disk and processor speed , can take around 10-20 minutes .

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For example, The routing of the line across the Don Valley was possible because of a choice made more than forty years before . should be similar to The routing of the line across the Don Valley was possible thanks to a decision made more than forty years earlier .

Kanotix includes about 1,200 software packages : Kanotix can be installed to the hard disk using the ( graphical ) acritoxinstaller , which , depending on optical drive , hard disk and processor speed , can take around 10 - 20 minutes .

Feather Linux , created by Robert Sullivan , is a Knoppix-based Linux distribution which fits in under 128 MB ( while older versions were made to fit within 64 MB ) .


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Question: It can run from an optical disc drive or other media i.e. USB-stick without using a hard disk drive .

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E.g.:
Afrikaans is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in South Africa and Namibia . == Afrikaans \ / æfrɪˈkɑːns \ / is a West Germanic language , spoken natively in South Africa and Namibia , and to a lesser extent in Botswana and Zimbabwe .

It can run from an optical disc drive without using a hard disk .

Kanotix includes about 1,200 software packages : Kanotix can be installed to the hard disk using the ( graphical ) acritoxinstaller , which , depending on optical drive , hard disk and processor speed , can take around 10 - 20 minutes .


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Question: Kanotix uses KDE Software Compilation as the default desktop environment .

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Kanotix uses KDE as the default desktop environment .

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Linux distributions are made of the Linux kernel and a collection of applications .


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Question: Other window managers can be downloaded using APT .

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GNOME and other window managers can be downloaded using APT .

It defaults to TCP port 10000 for communicating , and can be configured to use SSL if OpenSSL is installed with extra required Perl Modules .


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Question: The co-developer and other of the Kanotix-Team wanted to stay with Debian-Sid and left the project , to start sidux , a new distribution based on Debian sid .

In October 2006 the main Kanotix co-developer ( and most of Kanotix 's other developers ) left the project , to start sidux , another distribution based on Debian sid .

For example , SimplyMEPIS 7.0 is based mainly on Debian , with additional source code from Ubuntu ( which is also based on Debian ) .


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Question: Kanotix , also referred to as KANOTIX , is an operating system Live CD based on Debian , with advanced hardware detection .

Kanotix , also referred to as KANOTIX , is a Linux distribution Live CD ( LiveDistro ) based on Debian ( until 2006 unstable , in 2007 KANOTIX moved to Debian Etch ) with advanced hardware detection .

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Question: In 1969 he married the pianist Viktoria Postnikova .

In 1969 , he married the pianist Viktoria Postnikova .

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She was a student there until 1908 . Her teachers were Nicolai Legat and Mikhail Fokine .


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Question: He has also conducted many of the world 's greatest orchestras , including the Berlin Philharmonic , the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra , the Boston Symphony Orchestra , the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , the Cleveland Orchestra , the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra , and the London Symphony Orchestra .

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He has also conducted many of the world 's greatest orchestras , including the Berlin Philharmonic , the Royal Concertgebouw , the Boston Symphony Orchestra , the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , the Cleveland Orchestra , and the London Symphony Orchestra .

In 1995 Hahn made her international debut in Germany with a performance of the Beethoven Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in D Major with Lorin Maazel and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra .