A historian is a person who researches, studies, and writes about the past, and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history, the individual is an historian of prehistory. Although "historian" can be used to describe amateur and professional historians alike, it is reserved more recently for those who have acquired graduate degrees in the discipline. Some historians, though, are recognized by publications or training and experience. "Historian" became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in Germany and elsewhere. 

During the "Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt" trial, it became evident that the court needed to identify what was an "objective historian" in the same vein as the reasonable person, and reminiscent of the standard traditionally used in English law of "the man on the Clapham omnibus". This was necessary so that there would be a legal bench mark to compare and contrast the scholarship of an objective historian against the methods employed by David Irving, as before the "Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt" trial, there was no legal precedent for what constituted an objective historian. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. Historian became a professional occupation during which era?
2. What is the era when Historian became a professional occupation?
3. 
Q2:
1. Where did Historian become a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century?
2. In the late nineteenth century, historian became a professional occupation in which regions?
3. 
Q3:
1. What is the trial that is mentioned in the article?
2. the article mentions which trial?
3. 
Q4:
1. What did the court need to establish?
2. What needed to be established by the court?
3. 
Q5:
1. What was legal precedent needed for in the case "Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt"?
2. The case "Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt" needed legal precedent for what purpose?
3. 
Q6:
1. Is it possible for historians to study pre-history?
2. Can pre-history history be studied by historians?
3. 
Q7:
1. What is the technical term for a historian that studies pre-history?
2. What is a historian that studies pre-history called?
3. 
Q8:
1. What does a person need to have obtained in order to be regarded as a historian?
2. In order to be regarded as a historian, what must a person have obtained?
3. 
Q9:
1. Is it possible for an amateur to be referred to as an historian?
2. Can the term "historian" be used in describing an amateur?
3. 
Q10:
1. Was there legal precedent prior to the "Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt" trial?
2. Prior to the "Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt" trial, was there legal precedent?
3. 
