Baptism (from the Greek noun βάπτισμα "baptisma"; see below) is a Christian sacrament of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally. The canonical Gospels report that Jesus was baptized—a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned. Baptism has been called a holy sacrament and an ordinance of Jesus Christ. In some denominations, baptism is also called christening, but for others the word "christening" is reserved for the baptism of infants. Baptism has also given its name to the Baptist churches and denominations. 

The usual form of baptism among the earliest Christians was for the candidate to be immersed, either totally (submerged completely under the water) or partially (standing or kneeling in water while water was poured on him or her). While John the Baptist's use of a deep river for his baptism suggests immersion, "The fact that he chose a permanent and deep river suggests that more than a token quantity of water was needed, and both the preposition 'in' (the Jordan) and the basic meaning of the verb 'baptize' probably indicate immersion. In v. 16, Matthew will speak of Jesus 'coming up out of the water'. The traditional depiction in Christian art of John the Baptist pouring water over Jesus' head may therefore be based on later Christian practice." Pictorial and archaeological evidence of Christian baptism from the 3rd century onward indicates that a normal form was to have the candidate stand in water while water was poured over the upper body. Other common forms of baptism now in use include pouring water three times on the forehead, a method called affusion. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. What Greek noun is baptism derived from?
2. What Greek word does baptism originate from?
3. What is the Greek word from which the English term baptism is sourced?
Q2:
1. Does baptism necessarily equal a christening?
2. Is a baptism and a christening always considered to be the same thing?
3. Is there never any distinguishing between a baptism and a christening?
Q3:
1. What is the definition of affusion?
2. What happens during affusion?
3. How can an affusion be defined?
Q4:
1. Who baptized in a deep river?
2. Who used a deep river in his baptisms?
3. Whose baptisms took place in a deep river?
Q5:
1. What sort of baptism is John the Baptist believed to have practiced?
2. What kind of baptisms do researchers think John the Baptist performed?
3. What kind of baptism does evidence link to John the Baptist?
Q6:
1. Does archaeological evidence for baptism exist?
2. Is there any archaeological evidence backing up the existence of baptism?
3. Is the practice of baptism supported by any archaeological evidence?
Q7:
1. When does archaeological evidence of baptism date back to?
2. What period does the first archaeological evidence date back to?
3. When are the first signs of archaeological evidence of baptism from?
Q8:
1. What kind of baptism seems to have been practiced in the third century?
2. What kind of baptism does archaeological evidence indicate was performed in the third century?
3. What were the qualities of a 3rd century baptism, according to the archaeological evidence?
Q9:
1. Did Someone baptize Jesus?
2. Did Jesus get baptized?
3. Did Jesus receive a baptism?
Q10:
1. Who performed the baptism of Jesus?
2. Who was Jesus baptized by?
3. Who baptized Jesus?
Q11:
1. What is the traditional depiction of Jesus's baptism?
2. How is the baptism of Jesus generally portrayed?
3. What is the traditional way of depicting John the Baptist baptizing Jesus?
Q12:
1. In what water source did John the Baptist perform his baptisms?
2. What sort of river of John the Baptist's baptisms?
3. What kind of body of water did John the Baptist use for his ceremonies?
Q13:
1. What was the name of the river where John the Baptist did baptisms?
2. In what body of water did John the Baptist baptize people?
3. In what river could one be baptized by John the Baptist?
Q14:
1. In v. 16, what does Matthew have to say regarding Jesus?
2. What are Matthew's words about Jesus in v. 16?
3. In what context does Matthew mention Jesus in v. 16?
Q15:
1. Can we be rather sure of the existence of Jesus's baptism?
2. Is there a high degree of historical certainty regarding the baptism of Jesus?
3. Do scholars feel very confident regarding the event of Jesus's baptism?
Q16:
1. What is the source for claims of Jesus's baptism?
2. Where can reports of Jesus baptism be found?
3. What sources originally reported on the baptism of Jesus?
Q17:
1. Is baptism sometimes referred to as an ordinance of Jesus?
2. Is ordinance of Jesus something that people can call baptism?
3. Have some said the baptism is an ordinance of Jesus?
Q18:
1. What is baptism a Christian sacrament of?
2. What sort of sacrament is baptism in the Christian religion?
3. Within the Christian faith, what kind of sacrament is baptism?
