(CNN) -- Before he was Pope Benedict XVI, before he earned the nickname "Cardinal No" as the enforcer of church doctrine, he was Joseph Ratzinger -- the son of Maria and police officer Joseph Ratzinger, learning about life and God in Germany between two world wars. 

According to Roman Catholic doctrine, Benedict is not only the church's leader but God's representative on earth and infallible. 

He is also a man -- one who savors his meat and potatoes, an accomplished pianist who loves Mozart, and a teacher who for years commanded university classes. His humanity became apparent Monday, when the Vatican announced he'd resign at month's end "because of advanced age," becoming the first pope in nearly 600 years to do so. 

After his birth on April 16, 1927, in Marktl am Inn, in southeastern Germany near the Austrian border, Ratzinger's early years were defined by his country and the turbulent times, as well as his faith. 

Adolf Hitler rose to power during Ratzinger's adolescent years in Traunstein, in the heavily Catholic region of Bavaria. When he was 14, school officials followed Nazi officials' orders and enrolled him and the rest of his class in the Hitler Youth movement -- against his will, Ratzinger wrote in his memoir. 

He left the organization shortly thereafter, because he was studying for the priesthood. But in 1943, Ratzinger was brought back into the Nazi fold upon being drafted into the German army. 

For the next two years, Ratzinger served his country as part of an anti-aircraft unit. But in the waning days of World War II, he deserted -- and was taken prisoner by the U.S. Army.  QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. Who is the subject of the article?
2. Whose life does the article focus on?
3. Who is this article written about?
Q2:
1. What did Pope Benedict XVI used to be known as?
2. What was the previous name of Pope Benedict XVI?
3. What name did Pope Benedict XVI once go by?
Q3:
1. Who are Pope Benedict XVI's parents?
2. Who are Joseph Ratzinger's parents?
3. Who was Joseph Ratzinger born to?
Q4:
1. Where did Pope Benedict XVI spend his youth?
2. Where did Pope Benedict XVI grow up?
3. Where did Joseph Ratzinger grow up?
Q5:
1. During what period was Pope Benedict XVI young?
2. When did Pope Benedict XVI grow up?
3. When did Joseph Ratzinger grow up?
Q6:
1. Is Pope Benedict XVI a player of musical instruments?
2. Is playing instruments a past time of Pope Benedict XVI?
3. Does Joseph Ratzinger like to play any instruments?
Q7:
1. What instrument does Pope Benedict XVI play?
2. What is Pope Benedict XVI's instrument of choice?
3. What instrument does Joseph Ratzinger play?
Q8:
1. Does Pope Benedict XVI have a preferred musical artist?
2. Does Pope Benedict XVI have a favorite musician?
3. Is there a musician that Pope Benedict XVI likes best?
Q9:
1. What was the exact date of Pope Benedict XVI's birth?
2. On what day exactly was Pope Benedict XVI born?
3. What was the exact date when Joseph Ratzinger was born?
Q10:
1. Where was Pope Benedict XVI born?
2. What was the location of Pope Benedict XVI's birth?
3. Where was Joseph Ratzinger born?
Q11:
1. Who was coming into power during Pope Benedict XVI's teenage years?
2. During Pope Benedict XVI's adolescence, who was gaining power?
3. Who rose to power during Pope Benedict XVI's adolescence?
Q12:
1. Did the Nazis make Joseph Ratzinger enroll in a specific class?
2. Did Pope Benedict XVI have to enroll in a specific Nazi class?
3. Did the Nazis force Pope Benedict XVI to be a part of a specific organization?
Q13:
1. What group did the Nazis make Pope Benedict XVI partake in?
2. What organization was Pope Benedict XVI made to participate in by the Nazis?
3. What did the Nazis make Pope Benedict XVI enroll in?
Q14:
1. Did Pope Benedict XVI want to be a part of the Hitler Youth Movement?
2. Was Pope Benedict XVI keen in participating in the Hitler Youth Movement?
3. Was taking part in the Hitler Youth Movement something that Joseph Ratzinger wanted to do?
Q15:
1. Did Pope Benedict XVI abandon Hitler Youth?
2. Did Joseph Ratzinger leave the Hitler Youth?
3. Did Pope Benedict XVI divest himself from the Hitler Youth movement?
Q16:
1. What did Pope Benedict XVI leave Hitler Youth to do?
2. What did Pope Benedict XVI join after abandoning Hitler Youth?
3. What did Joseph Ratzinger abandon the Hitler Youth movement to join?
Q17:
1. Was Pope Benedict XVI drafted into the army?
2. Did the army end up drafting Pope Benedict XVI?
3. Did Joseph Ratzinger ever get drafted by the army?
Q18:
1. Who did Pope Benedict XVI get drafted by?
2. Who drafted Pope Benedict XVI?
3. Who was Joseph Ratzinger made to join?
Q19:
1. How long did Pope Benedict XVI serve in the German army?
2. How much time did Pope Benedict XVI spend in the German army?
3. For how long was Joseph Ratzinger a member of the German army?
