While there is some international commonality in the way political parties are recognized, and in how they operate, there are often many differences, and some are significant. Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded. In democracies, political parties are elected by the electorate to run a government. Many countries have numerous powerful political parties, such as Germany and India and some nations have one-party systems, such as China. The United States is a two-party system, with its two most powerful parties being the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. 

The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of the English Civil War, were conservative royalist supporters of a strong monarchy as a counterbalance to the republican tendencies of Whigs, who were the dominant political faction for most of the first half of the 18th century; they supported the Hanoverian succession of 1715 against the Jacobite supporters of the deposed Roman Catholic Stuart dynasty and were able to purge Tory politicians from important government positions after the failed Jacobite rising of 1715. The leader of the Whigs was Robert Walpole, who maintained control of the government in the period 1721–1742; his protégé was Henry Pelham (1743–1754). QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. Who led the Whigs?
2. Who was in charge of the Whig party?
3. 
Q2:
1. Who was Robert Walpole a mentor to?
2. What was the name of Robert Walpole's protegé?
3. 
Q3:
1. When did the first political factions come about?
2. During what time period were political factions created?
3. 
Q4:
1. What political group controlled Britain in the 18th century?
2. What political belief dominated in the 18th Century?
3. 
Q5:
1. How many American political parties are mentioned?
2. What is the number of American political factions brought up in the article?
3. 
Q6:
1. Are there countries with just one political party?
2. Is it possible for a country to have one single political party?
3. 
Q7:
1. When did the Jacobites become more popular?
2. What was the year of the Jacobites' ascent?
3. 
Q8:
1. What countries have numerous political parties?
2. Who has a lot of political parties?
3. 
Q9:
1. Does the United States have three political parties?
2. Are there three main political factions in the United States?
3. 
Q10:
1. What is one of the political parties in the US?
2. Name one American political party.
3. 
Q11:
1. What American political party opposes the Republicans?
2. What is the other political party in the US, other than the Republicans?
3. 
