In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than that of Rome.[citation needed] 

The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. What is the name given to the leader of the Catholic Church?
2. What is the leader of the Catholic Church called?
3. 
Q2:
1. How is the Pope designated as the leader of the Catholic Church?
2. The Pope is designated as the leader of the Catholic Church thanks to what?
3. 
Q3:
1. What is the title in the Catholic Church that is the same as a bird?
2. What title is present in the Catholic Church other than Pope and Bishop?
3. 
Q4:
1. Is the origin of the title cardinal the same as the bird?
2. Do the cardinal title and bird have the same origin?
3. 
Q5:
1. What is the origin of the title cardinal?
2. The title cardinal originates from where?
3. 
Q6:
1. In which century did the term cardinal come into use in the Catholic Church?
2. The Catholic Church started to use the term cardinal in which century?
3. 
Q7:
1. Do cardinals have to be Roman residents?
2. Are Roman residents the only people that are allowed to become cardinals?
3. 
Q8:
1. Were cardinals always permitted to originate from outside of Rome?
2. Have non-Roman people always been permitted to become cardinals?
3. 
Q9:
1. When were cardinals permitted to come from outside of Rome?
2. Cardinals were permitted to originate outside of Rome as of which century?
3. 
Q10:
1. 
2. 
3. 
Q11:
1. How many churches were assigned to cardinals?
2. Did one or more churches get assigned to each cardinal?
3. 
