Software engineering (SE) is the application of engineering to the development of software in a systematic method. 

Typical formal definitions of software engineering include: 

When the first digital computers appeared in the early 1940s, the instructions to make them operate were wired into the machine. Practitioners quickly realized that this design was not flexible and came up with the "stored program architecture" or von Neumann architecture. Thus the division between "hardware" and "software" began with abstraction being used to deal with the complexity of computing. 

Programming languages started to appear in the early 1950s and this was also another major step in abstraction. Major languages such as Fortran, ALGOL, and COBOL were released in the late 1950s to deal with scientific, algorithmic, and business problems respectively. Edsger W. Dijkstra wrote his seminal paper, "Go To Statement Considered Harmful", in 1968 and David Parnas introduced the key concept of modularity and information hiding in 1972 to help programmers deal with the ever increasing complexity of software systems. 

The origins of the term "software engineering" have been attributed to different sources, but it was used in 1968 as a title for the World's first conference on software engineering, sponsored and facilitated by NATO. The conference was attended by international experts on software who agreed on defining best practices for software grounded in the application of engineering. The result of the conference is a report that defines how software should be developed. The original report is publicly available. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. What does software engineering refer to?
2. What is the definition of software engineering?
3. 
Q2:
1. When did Languages like fortran and COBOL come out?
2. When were languages such as fortran and COBOL put on the market?
3. 
Q3:
1. How did instructions to make the first digital computers get released?
2. Where could one find the first explanations of how to make digital computers?
3. 
Q4:
1. Around 1968, were people using the term software engineer already?
2. Did the term software engineer exist as far back as 1968?
3. 
Q5:
1. How did the problem of the impracticality of instructions being wired into machines get resolved?
2. What was done to fix the issue of instructions being wired into machines not being practical?
3. 
Q6:
1. Did fixing the practicality issue create a division between hardware and software?
2. When the issue of the practicality of instruction release got resolved, did a division between hardware and software appear?
3. 
Q7:
1. What did David Pamas come out with in 1972?
2. What was announced by David Pamas in 1972?
3. 
Q8:
1. Who was the sponsor of the first software engineering conference?
2. What organization served as sponsor of the first conference on software engineering?
3. 
Q9:
1. Who attended the first software engineering conference?
2. Who went to the first conference on software engineering?
3. 
Q10:
1. Who was the author of Go To Statement Considered Harmful?
2. Who penned Go To Statement Considered Harmful?
3. 
