The Crimean War was a military conflict fought between October 1853 – March 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. The French promoted the rights of Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Christians. The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of the United Kingdom and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense. It has widely been noted that the causes, in one case involving an argument over a key, have never revealed a "greater confusion of purpose", yet led to a war noted for its "notoriously incompetent international butchery." 

While the churches eventually worked out their differences and came to an initial agreement, both Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III refused to back down. Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Empire be placed under his protection. Britain attempted to mediate, and arranged a compromise that Nicholas agreed to. When the Ottomans demanded changes, Nicholas refused and prepared for war. Having obtained promises of support from France and Britain, the Ottomans officially declared war on Russia in October 1853. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. Were the churches able to come to an agreement?
2. Did the churches ever come to an agreement?
3. Were the churches ultimately able to see eye to eye?
Q2:
1. Which two leaders refused to back down?
2. Which heads of state could not come to an agreement?
3. Which two leaders were not able to come to an agreement?
Q3:
1. What action did Nicholas take?
2. What did Nicolas say about Orthodox subjects of the empire?
3. What was Nicholas's response to Napoleon III?
Q4:
1. How did Britain respond to the dispute between Napoleon III and Nicholas I?
2. What did Britain do in the wake of the dispute of Napoleon III and Nicholas I?
3. How did Britain try to intervene after the argument between Napoleon III and Nicholas I?
Q5:
1. What did Britain do to try and mediate?
2. What did Britain suggest in terms of mediation?
3. What was Britains idea to mediate the conflict between the heads of state?
Q6:
1. How did Nicholas respond to the Ottomans' demands?
2. What was the response of Nicholas I to the demands of the Ottomans?
3. What did Nicholas do when the Ottomans demanded changes?
Q7:
1. Which countries had agreed to help the Ottomans?
2. Which two countries were in alliance with the Ottomans?
3. Which countries said they would help the Ottomans against the Russians?
Q8:
1. Who were the ones to ultimately declare war?
2. Which leaders decided to declare war?
3. Which power decided to declare war?
Q9:
1. Who did the Ottomans declare war against?
2. Who did the Ottomans decide to go to war with?
3. On which country did the Ottomans declare war?
Q10:
1. When was the start of the Crimean War?
2. When was the commencement of the Crimean War?
3. When did the Ottomans declare war on Russia?
Q11:
1. When was the end of the Crimean War?
2. When did the Crimean War end?
3. When was the Crimean War brought to an end?
