Asphalt/bitumen also occurs in unconsolidated sandstones known as "oil sands" in Alberta, Canada, and the similar "tar sands" in Utah, US. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves of natural bitumen, in three huge deposits covering 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England or New York state. These bituminous sands contain 166 billion barrels (26.4×10^9 m3) of commercially established oil reserves, giving Canada the third largest oil reserves in the world. and produce over 2.3 million barrels per day (370×10^3 m3/d) of heavy crude oil and synthetic crude oil. Although historically it was used without refining to pave roads, nearly all of the bitumen is now used as raw material for oil refineries in Canada and the United States. 

The first use of asphalt/bitumen in the New World was by indigenous peoples. On the west coast, as early as the 13th century, the Tongva, Luiseño and Chumash peoples collected the naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen that seeped to the surface above underlying petroleum deposits. All three used the substance as an adhesive. It is found on many different artifacts of tools and ceremonial items. For example, it was used on rattles to adhere gourds or turtle shells to rattle handles. It was also used in decorations. Small round shell beads were often set in asphaltum to provide decorations. It was used as a sealant on baskets to make them watertight for carrying water. Asphaltum was used also to seal the planks on ocean-going canoes. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. Which group of people were the first to use asphalt?
2. Asphalt was used for the first time by which group of people?
3. 
Q2:
1. Was asphalt used on boats by indigenous people?
2. Did indigenous people use asphalt on boats?
3. 
Q3:
1. Was asphalt used in decorations?
2. Did decorations make use of asphalt?
3. 
Q4:
1. Did asphalt seal things?
2. Was asphalt used to seal things?
3. 
Q5:
1. Can asphalt be used as an adhesive?
2. Has asphalt been used in place of glue?
3. 
Q6:
1. Where does asphalt originate from?
2. What is the name of the place that asphalt comes from?
3. 
Q7:
1. Which place in the United States does asphalt come from?
2. Which location in the United States is known for producin asphalt?
3. 
Q8:
1. Is asphalt refined in the United States?
2. Does the United States refine asphalt?
3. 
Q9:
1. What is the name of the Canadian province that has the largest bitumen reserves in the world?
2. The world's largest bitumen reserves are located in which Canadian province?
3. 
Q10:
1. When was asphalt used for the first time?
2. Since when has asphalt been used?
3. 
Q11:
1. What is the name of the country that has the world's third largest oil reserves?
2. The world's third largest oil reserves are located in which country?
3. 
Q12:
1. What is the total number of indigenous peoples that are mentioned in the article?
2. The article mentions how many indigenous peoples?
3. 
