Oceanography (compound of the Greek words ὠκεανός meaning "ocean" and γράφω meaning "write"), also known as oceanology, is the study of the physical and the biological aspects of the ocean. It is an Earth science covering a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the world ocean and understanding of processes within: astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. 

Humans first acquired knowledge of the waves and currents of the seas and oceans in pre-historic times. Observations on tides were recorded by Aristotle and Strabo. Early exploration of the oceans was primarily for cartography and mainly limited to its surfaces and of the animals that fishermen brought up in nets, though depth soundings by lead line were taken. 

Although Juan Ponce de León in 1513 first identified the Gulf Stream, and the current was well-known to mariners, Benjamin Franklin made the first scientific study of it and gave it its name. Franklin measured water temperatures during several Atlantic crossings and correctly explained the Gulf Stream's cause. Franklin and Timothy Folger printed the first map of the Gulf Stream in 1769-1770. Information on the currents of the Pacific Ocean was gathered by explorers of the late 18th century, including James Cook and Louis Antoine de Bougainville. James Rennell wrote the first scientific textbooks on oceanography, detailing the current flows of the Atlantic and Indian oceans. During a voyage around the Cape of Good Hope in 1777, he mapped ""the banks and currents at the Lagullas"". He was also the first to understand the nature of the intermittent current near the Isles of Scilly, (now known as Rennell's Current). QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. Who was the first to describe the Gulf Stream in those terms?
2. Who gave the Gulf Stream its name?
3. 
Q2:
1. Who first pointed out the Gulf Stream?
2. Who was the first to remark upon the Gulf Stream?
3. 
Q3:
1. Were the currents of the Gulf Stream famous to sailors?
2. Were sailors well aware of the Gulf Stream's currents?
3. 
Q4:
1. What did Benjamin Franklin measure in the Gulf Stream?
2. What did Benjamin Franklin assess amounts of in the Gulf Stream?
3. 
Q5:
1. Did Benjamin Franklin measure the Gulf Stream's water temperatures more than once?
2. Did Benjamin Franklin take multiple assessments of the water temperatures in the Gulf Stream?
3. 
Q6:
1. What was Benjamin Franklin doing in the Gulf Stream?
2. What brought Benjamin Franklin to the Gulf Stream?
3. 
Q7:
1. Did Benjamin Franklin's measurements create an accurate explanation of the Gulf Stream?
2. Were Benjamin Franklin's assessments of the Gulf Stream able to correctly explain its current?
3. 
Q8:
1. At what point did humans acquire knowledge of sea currents?
2. When did the currents of the ocean become understandable to human beings?
3. 
Q9:
1. Who recorded observations on the tides?
2. Who kept a record of the coming and going of the ocean to land?
3. 
Q10:
1. Was early cartography mostly on what was visible or what was below the ocean?
2. Were the first maps mostly of things below the sea level or things that could be seen?
3. 
Q11:
1. How was water depth measured in the early days of mapping, due to its focus on above sea level observations?
2. Because early cartography looked at things above the surface of the water, how was the depth of the sea recorded?
3. 
Q12:
1. Does oceanography contain multiple disciplines?
2. Are there a number of different fields inside of that of oceanography?
3. 
