Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered. The concept of justice differs in every culture. An early theory of justice was set out by the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his work "The Republic". Advocates of divine command theory argue that justice issues from God. In the 17th century, theorists like John Locke argued for the theory of natural law. Thinkers in the social contract tradition argued that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone concerned. In the 19th century, utilitarian thinkers including John Stuart Mill argued that justice is what has the best consequences. Theories of distributive justice concern what is distributed, between whom they are to be distributed, and what is the "proper" distribution. Egalitarians argued that justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality. John Rawls used a social contract argument to show that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness. Property rights theorists (like Robert Nozick) take a deontological view of distributive justice and argue that property rights-based justice maximizes the overall wealth of an economic system. Theories of retributive justice are concerned with punishment for wrongdoing. Restorative justice (also sometimes called "reparative justice") is an approach to justice that focuses on restoring what is good, and necessarily focuses on the needs of victims and offenders. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. Who is the author of ‘The Republic’?
2. The work entitled ‘The Republic’ was penned by who?
3. 
Q2:
1. What nationality was the author of ‘The Republic’?
2. What nationality did Plato have?
3. 
Q3:
1. What occupation did Plato have?
2. What was Plato’s profession?
3. 
Q4:
1. Who determines justice according to the divine command theory?
2. Following the divine command theory who administers justice?
3. 
Q5:
1. Following the social contract tradition, who delivers justice?
2. Justice is controlled by who according to the social contract tradition?
3. 
Q6:
1. In which century did John Stuart Mill live in?
2. Around what time did John Stuart Mill live?
3. 
Q7:
1. What name was given to thinkers like John Stuart Mill?
2. What term was used to describe thinkers like Mill?
3. 
Q8:
1. What name was given to the group of people who believed that justice exists only when people are equal?
2. Which group thought that justice can only when people are equal?
3. 
Q9:
1. Robert Nozick was recognized as what type of theorist?
2. What sort of theorist was Nozick?
3. 
Q10:
1. What group put the emphasis on the restoration of good?
2. The restoration of good is promoted by which group of theorists?
3. 
Q11:
1. Restorative justice concentrates on which two groups of people?
2. The needs of which two groups are targeted with restorative justice?
3. 
Q12:
1. Was John Stuart Mill or John Locke the first to discuss and write about justice?
2. Who amongst the people mentioned in the text was the first to write about social justice?
3. 
Q13:
1. Does the text talk about natural law or a social contract view of justice?
2. Does the author concentrate on natural law or a social contract view of justice
3. 
