Starting in the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation, funded by the US Department of Defense. This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following, including the incorporation of the concept in the early ARPANET in the United States. 

Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes. In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. What is it Davies does?
2. What is Davies known for?
3. 
Q2:
1. What did Davies cause?
2. What did Davies motivate?
3. 
Q3:
1. Where did packet switching networks take place?
2. Where did packet switching networks happen?
3. 
Q4:
1. What was it like compared to previous thought ideals?
2. Did it congrats with previous thought ideals?
3. 
Q5:
1. What was triggered by it?
2. What did it summon?
3. 
Q6:
1. What principles did it contrast with?
2. What were the contrasted principles?
3. 
Q7:
1. Who were those principles developed by?
2. Which person developed these principles?
3. 
Q8:
1. Was the project immediately successful?
2. Did the concept of the project appeal straight away?
3. 
Q9:
1. When did the concept become successful?
2. When was the concept triumphant?
3. 
Q10:
1. Where was Davies working during this time?
2. In what place was Davies working at that time?
3. 
