Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules. 

Repeated formation of new species (speciation), change within species (anagenesis), and loss of species (extinction) throughout the evolutionary history of life on Earth are demonstrated by shared sets of morphological and biochemical traits, including shared DNA sequences. These shared traits are more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, and can be used to reconstruct a biological "tree of life" based on evolutionary relationships (phylogenetics), using both existing species and fossils. The fossil record includes a progression from early biogenic graphite, to microbial mat fossils, to fossilised multicellular organisms. Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped both by speciation and by extinction. 

In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin formulated the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, published in his book "On the Origin of Species" (1859). Evolution by natural selection is a process demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive, along with three facts about populations: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to morphology, physiology, and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and 3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness). Thus, in successive generations members of a population are replaced by progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the biophysical environment in which natural selection takes place. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. What is the definition of evolution?
2. How is evolution defined?
3. 
Q2:
1. What is the name of the person that formulated the theory of evolution?
2. The theory of evolution was formulated by which person?
3. 
Q3:
1. What is the name of the book that was published by Charles Darwin?
2. What's was the title of the book that Charles Darwin published?
3. 
Q4:
1. What year did Charles Darwin publish his book "On the Origin of Species"?
2. The book "On the Origin of Species" was published in what year?
3. 
Q5:
1. What do evolutionary processes give rise to?
2. What arises as a result of evolutionary processes?
3. 
Q6:
1. At what levels do evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity?
2. Biodiversity arises from evolutionary processes at what levels?
3. 
Q7:
1. What have the existing pattern of biodiversity been shaped by?
2. What have the present characteristics of biodiversity been shaped by?
3. 
Q8:
1. What is the definition of evolution by natural selection?
2. How is evolution by natural selection defined?
3. 
Q9:
1. What replaces successive generations of populations?
2. Subsequent generations of a species are replaced by what?
3. 
Q10:
1. Is the sequence of DNA influential regarding evolution?
2. Is evolution influenced by the sequences of DNA?
3. 
