Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote: "In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state." 

Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common background, the groups' views on religious toleration were mixed. While some such as Roger Williams of Rhode Island and William Penn of Pennsylvania ensured the protection of religious minorities within their colonies, others like the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony had established churches. The Dutch colony of New Netherland established the Dutch Reformed Church and outlawed all other worship, though enforcement was sparse. Religious conformity was desired partly for financial reasons: the established Church was responsible for poverty relief, putting dissenting churches at a significant disadvantage. QUESTIONS:

Q1:
1. After what event did a lot of immigrants travel?
2. A lot of migrant groups traveled after what event?
3. 
Q2:
1. Where did migrant groups travel to after the English Civil War?
2. After the English Civil War, where did a lot of people travel to?
3. 
Q3:
1. What type of people comprised the migrant groups traveling to America after the English Civil War?
2. What type of people were amongst the immigrant groups who were traveling to America after the English Civil War?
3. 
Q4:
1. Why did some groups of migrants leave their country after the English Civil War??
2. Why were migrant groups fleeing their country after the English Civil War?
3. 
Q5:
1. Who was persecuting the migrant groups traveling to America after the English Civil War?
2. The migrant groups traveling to America after the English Civil War were being persecuted by whom?
3. 
Q6:
1. Did the migrant groups who fled after the English Civil War share the same views on religious toleration?
2. Did the migrant groups who left their countries after the English Civil War share the same views on theology?
3. 
Q7:
1. Were some people within the migrant groups protecting religious minorities?
2. Did some poeple within the migrant groups harbor different ideas?
3. 
Q8:
1. Who was a person within the migrant groups who was protecting religious minorities?
2. 
3. 
Q9:
1. Where was Roger Williams from?
2. Where did Roger Wiiliams come from?
3. 
Q10:
1. Who was another person within the migrant groups who was protecting religious minorities?
2. 
3. 
Q11:
1. Where was William Penn from?
2. Where did William Penn come from?
3. 
Q12:
1. Who outlawed other kinds of religious worship?
2. Who banned religious worshipping of other kinds, other than that in churches?
3. 
Q13:
1. What court is discussed in the story?
2. The story mentions what court?
3. 
Q14:
1. Are there any court cases cited in this story?
2. 
3. 
Q15:
1. How many court cases are cited in the story?
2. How many cases are there in the story?
3. 
Q16:
1. Is there another court case mentioned in the story?
2. 
3. 
Q17:
1. What is the name of the other court case mentioned in the story?
2. 
3. 
Q18:
1. What year was the case of Everson v. Board of Education on trial?
2. From what year is the case of Everson v. Board of Education?
3. 
Q19:
1. Was a judge mentioned regarding the Everson v. Board of Education case?
2. Was there a judge involved in the Everson v. Board of Education case?
3. 
Q20:
1. Who was the judge involved in the Everson v. Board of Education case?
2. What is the name of the judge presiding over the Everson v. Board of Education case of 1947?
3. 
