The botany of Aira caldera is capable of regrowth after an eruption. The Machilus Thunbergii and Japanese Black Pine are two species which grow furthest away from the centre of the caldera. These plants are able to repopulate; however they cannot withstand the debris and pumice after an eruption. The Eurya japonica and Alnus firma can be found in the middle ground between the furthest point of the caldera and its peak. They are able to grow back from an eruption and withstand its destruction more than the vegetation furthest away. At the peak of the caldera, the Japanese Pampas grass and Knotweed are located. They respond quickly after an eruption and form a meadow of mosses and lichens during regrowth. Nevertheless, It takes many years for the forest to regrow. This enables people to observe the changes of vegetation from the different eruptions in different eras.