The higher precipitation of the mountains compared with the surrounding country has created a mesic habitat in the Wallowas. Vegetation in the region contains combinations of plants found in both the Rocky Mountains and the Cascades. At low elevations, Douglas fir is the most common tree for slopes, whereas Engelmann spruce and lodgepole pine occur in valley bottoms, with grand fir common below . In meadows and around springs and seeps, willows and sedge grow. Above , subalpine fir is dominant, and whitebark pine is often found on ridges and south-facing slopes.