The Sierra de San Pedro is an important ecological area. Since it provides a home for birds such as the Spanish imperial eagle, the cinereous vulture, the Egyptian vulture, the golden eagle, the short-toed snake eagle, the black kite, the black-winged kite, the booted eagle, the Eurasian eagle-owl, the peregrine falcon, the white stork and the black stork, the range was declared a Special Protection Area for birds by the European Union. The range also harbors an important bat population in its caves.