The Spanish section of the biosphere reserve is located in the south of Andalusia. Numerous national parks, such as the Los Alcornocales Natural Park, contribute to the conservation and protection of unique flora and fauna species. In addition, the area is situated on the largest geological massif in Andalusia, the Baetic cordillera. Steep-sloped mountains characterize the topography of the entire area, especially in the north. The highest peak is 1,919 metres and is surrounded by rivers and channels.