Normal faults and strike-slip faults have offset channels, terraces and volcanic cones, but are difficult to recognize. Volcanoes are aligned on older reverse faults. Two thrust faults run in southwest-northeast direction across the area and show evidence of normal displacement. In the lee of landscape features wind-transported sand has accumulated. Now-dry river channels - sometimes blocked by dunes - cross the area and are flanked by river terraces, and steep alluvial fans lie at the foot of mountains. Deposits of sinter and salt pans/lakes complete the landscape, which is covered with desert pavement, loess, rock debris and sand. The lake Laguna Pasto Ventura lies at elevation within the area and a perennial creek called Barrancas runs across the field. Some streams have been captured by drainages from outside the Puna.