In 1185, the Balkan Vlachs, together with the Bulgarians, rose up in arms against the Byzantine Empire. They created, with the help of the Cumans and the Vlachs living on the left bank of the Danube, a new state, the Second Bulgarian Empire between the Balkan Mountains and the Danube (to the south of the future Wallachia). The new state was called Bulgaria and Vlachia in Western sources. For example, in 1204 the pope elevated the head of the Bulgarian church to the rank of primas (primate) of all Bulgaria and Vlachia. Vlachia as an exonym for northern Bulgaria only disappeared from the sources after the middle of the 13th century.