Ponerorchis cucullata, formerly Neottianthe cucullata, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to temperate Eurasia from Poland to Japan, and also to the Himalayas. It is terrestrial, growing from tubers, to a height of up to 30 cm, with pinkish flowers arranged in a one-sided spike. It was placed in several different genera before a study in 2014 showed that it belonged in an expanded Ponerorchis.