Uropeltis madurensis is endemic to the Cardamom Hills consisting of Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary and Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu and the Periyar Tiger Reserve of Kerala, present in the Western Ghats. A forest species, partial to montane forests, cloud forest and tropical rainforest, this species also occurs marginally in cardamom, coffee and tea plantations situated amidst primary forests.