The Cordillera Andacaba area in the southern caldera is the site of several mining districts, which include Pb-Zn or Sn rich areals. The Kumurana mine is located in the southern part of the caldera, its mineralization occurred at temperatures of . The Cerro Rico stock has been extensively hydrothermally modified and a number of minerals are found there. It was a major source of silver for Spain in the 16th and 17th century. Mining has been ongoing for over 450 years. Starting from 1912 tin has been mined as well. Other mines in the dome are Lord Byron, Carandaiti, Mazuni, Illimani and Chaquirana.