The forested foothills of the southern slope, known as the Pre-Pyrenees, have a transitional Mediterranean climate with dry summers. Characteristic trees include evergreen Holm oak (Quercus ilex) and deciduous Quercus faginea, Quercus pubescens, Tilia platyphyllos, and Acer opalus. Middle-elevation forests include deciduous broadleaf trees like Quercus petraea, Q. pubescens, and European beech (Fagus sylvatica), and conifer forests of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Pyrenean pine (Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii var. salzmannii)