The disjunct Semiarid Uplands ecoregion includes scattered hills, low mountains, volcanic cones, buttes, and rocky outcrops that rise out of the drier Dissected High Lava Plateau and High Lava Plains, as well as midelevation zones in the Hart, Steens, Owyhee, Jarbidge, and Santa Rosa mountains. Elevation varies from 4,800 to 9,700 feet (1,463 to 2,957 m). Finely textured soils support big sagebrush, low sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, serviceberry, snowberry, mountain-mahogany, and associated grasses, such as Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, Nevada bluegrass, Great Basin wildrye, bottlebrush squirreltail, mountain brome, and Thurber needlegrass. Aspen and chokecherry are found in protected snow pockets, with willow and chokecherry in riparian areas. Rockier soils support juniper steppe woodlands. The density and extent of juniper varies over time and is dependent on long-term climate fluctuations, grazing pressure, and fire suppression. Juniper woodland is currently absent in the Jarbidge and Santa Rosa mountains, where mountain brush and scattered aspen groves occupy the woodland zone. Cold water fisheries occur in the moderate to high gradient perennial streams; threatened bull trout are found in the Jarbidge River watershed, and limited numbers of Lahontan cutthroat trout are found in the Santa Rosa range. Extensive gold mining operations continue, especially in the mountains near Jarbidge and Tuscacora. The region covers in Nevada, in Oregon, and in Idaho. Public lands include the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest and the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge.