Mount Moulton lies in Marie Byrd Land of Western Antarctica and in the region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It is part of a system of volcanoes including Mount Berlin, Mount Takahe and Mount Waesche as well as of recently active subglacial volcanism. The volcano is named for Richard S. Moulton, chief dog driver of the United States Antarctic Service Expedition; the western end of the Flood Range where Mount Moulton lies was visited by this expedition in December 1940.