Endangered or threatened species of the Appalachians include some snails and salamanders, the red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), Virginia big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus), the red wolf (Canis rufus) and the spruce-fir moss spider (Microhexura montivaga). The limestone caves of the Appalachians are important habitat for bats, invertebrates, fish and salamanders including 34 species of lungless salamander, more than anywhere else on earth.