Aira Caldera is a gigantic volcanic caldera that is located on the southern end of Kyushu, Japan. It is believed to have been formed over 22,000 years ago from a succession of pyroclastic surges. It is currently the place of residence to over 900,000 people. Additionally, Aira Caldera is home to unique and various flora and fauna that has acclimatised to its environment, including the Machilus Thunbergii and Japanese Black Pine (Relationship with Nature, n.d.). The caldera is also home to Mount Kirishima, a group of stratovolcanoes at the northern end of the caldera. The most famous and active of the Mount Kirishima volcanoes is Shinmoedake.