In addition to the vast province of Gallia Narbonensis, which reached all the way to Spain, with its capital at Narbonne, in 7 BC the Emperor Augustus created Alpes Maritimae, where the Alps met the Mediterranean, with its capital at Cemenelum (now Cimiez), in the hills above present-day Nice; and also created a small client kingdom called Alpes Cottiae, in the Alps along the Italian border further north, with its capital at Segusium, the modern-day Susa in Piedmont. The Emperor Nero officially made Alpes Cottiae a Roman province in 67 AD. The purpose of these new provinces was to secure the passes of the Alps for the passage of Roman armies and traders.