While self-immolation practices in China were based upon Indian Buddhist traditions, they acquired some distinctively Chinese aspects. An unburned tongue (cf. Anthony of Padua), which supposedly remained pink and moist owing to self-immolation while chanting the Lotus Sutra, was based on the belief in Śarīra Buddhist relics; purportedly from a master's remains after cremation. Burning off fingers was a kind of gradual self-immolation, often in commemoration of relics or textual recitations. The Tang Dynasty monk Wuran 無染 (d. c. 840) had a spiritual vision in which Manjusri told him to support the Buddhist community on Mount Wutai. After organizing meals for one million monks, Wuran burned off a finger in sacrifice, and eventually after ten million meals, had burned off all his fingers. Xichen 息塵 (d. c. 937; with two fingers left) became a favorite of Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin for practicing finger burning to memorialize sutra recitations. Buddhist mummies refers to monks and nuns who practiced self-mummification through extreme self-mortification, for instance, Daoxiu 道休 (d. 629). Spontaneous human combustion was a rare form of self-immolation that Buddhists associated with samādhi consciously leaving one's body at the time of enlightenment. The monk Ningyi 寧義 (d. 1583) stacked up firewood to burn himself, but, As soon the torch was raised, his body started to burn 'like a rotten root' and was soon completely consumed. A wise person declared, 'He has entered the fiery samādhi.