In a similar vein, Jewish Midrashim state: God created the world like an embryo. Just as the embryo begins at the navel and continues to grow from that point, so too the world. The Holy One, blessed be he, began the world from its navel. From there it was stretched hither and yon. Where is its navel? Jerusalem. And its (Jerusalem's) navel itself? The altar. This passage expresses the centrality of the ancient city of Jerusalem and of the altar of the ancient temple of Jerusalem within a cosmic framework equated to the navel of a mother and the source of life. Similar concepts appear in the Book of Jubilees 8:19 and in the Book of Enoch 26:1, which describes Mount Zion as The center of the navel of the earth. Samaritan tradition sees Mount Gerizim as the navel of the earth, the only place not submerged in the deluge in the account of Noah's Ark. The phrase navel of the earth occurs in (Ezek 38:12; Judg 9:37) Aramaic tibbur (navel) and the concept recurs in Ezek 16:4. According to Samaritan tradition, God made Adam from the dust of Mount Gerizim. The belly-dancing tradition of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures also celebrates the navel. When Pope Urban II called (1095) for the First Crusade, he referred to Jerusalem as the navel of the world.