Anati has performed excavations and archaeological research in Israel (especially in the Negev desert), Spain, France and other European countries. Based on the results of his discoveries in the Sinai Peninsula, Anati has become a supporter of the thesis that the Biblical Mount Sinai is not to be identified in the Gebel Katherina, but in Har Karkom instead. This identification has been challenged by James K. Hoffmeier and Israel Finkelstein.