The Udokan Plateau lies east-northeast of the eastern end of Lake Baikal. It covers a surface area of within the Udokan range at altitudes of . The basement rock is of Precambrian age. The Udokan Plateau is one of several Cenozoic volcanic fields in the northeastern Baikal Rift Zone, and one of several Asian volcanic fields with Cenozoic activity. The other volcanic fields are Bartoy, Hamar-Daban and Vitim. These first two are the smallest fields. The Udokan Plateau formed over an older topography left by Jurassic orogeny and later updoming and erosion.