Their authority began to rise with Fakhr al-Din I (d. 1506), who dominated the Chouf in the last years of Mamluk rule and reached its peak with Fakhr al-Din II (1572-1635). The latter's influence extended from Antioch in the north to Tsfat (Safed) in the south. Although Fakhr al-Din II's ambitions ended in his execution by Ottoman authorities, he greatly enhanced Lebanon's military and economic development. The dynasty's rule as Druze leaders in Mount Lebanon lasted until 1697.