Older volcanic centres extend northwest of Ciomadul. With increasing distance they are 2.5-1.5 million years old Pilisca centre, the 2.8-2.2 million years old Cucu centre and the 4.3-3.6 million years old Luci-Lazu and Sumuleu-Ciuc volcanic centres. South of Ciomadul the Murgul shoshonites were erupted 2.3-1.5 million years ago; they represent cryptodomes. Andesite lava flows from Pilisca underlie the Ciomadul deposits in some places.