The municipality (Gemeinde) of Birenbach is situated in the district of Göppingen, in Baden-Württemberg, one of the 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany. Birenbach is located around the base of the Hohenstaufen, in the eastern foothills of the Swabian Jura, though a small portion of the municipal area lies in the Schurwald and Welzheim Forest to the west. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of Normalnull (NN) in the north to a low of NN on the Krettenbach, in the south.