Various members of the [[Afghan Boundary Commission]] were able to gather information that brought the geography of remote regions such as the Hazarajat further under state surveillance. In November 1884, the Commission crossed over the [[Koh-i Baba]] mountains by the Chashma Sabz Pass. General [[Peter Lumsden]] and Major C. E. Yate, who surveyed the tracts between Herat and the [[Oxus]], visited the [[Qala i Naw, Afghanistan|Qala-e Naw]] Pashtuns in the [[Paropamisus]] mountain range, to the east of the [[Jamshidi (tribe)|Jamshidis]] of [[Kushk District|Kushk]]. Noting surviving evidence of terraced cultivation in times past, both described the northern Pashtuns as semi-nomadic with large flocks of sheep and black cattle. They possessed an inexhaustible supply of grass, the hills around being covered knee-deep with a luxuriant crop of pure rye. Yate noted clusters of kebetkas, or the summer dwellings of the Qala-e Naw Pashtuns on the hillsides, and described flocks and herds grazing in all directions.