Laguna Vilama lies at elevation in the Puna of Argentina and has a surface area of and an average depth of . It is one of the largest lakes in the Puna and developed within the southern moat of the Vilama caldera; the volcano draws its name from the lake. The waters of the lake are extremely clear and have a low chlorophyll content owing to a lack of nutrients. However, they are also extremely saline and rich in arsenic. A hot spring is found at its shores.