Kaimur district occupies an area of , comparatively equivalent to Russia's Vaygach Island. Geographically, the district can be divided into two parts viz. (i) Hilly area and (ii) Plain area. The hilly area is Kaimur plateau (also known as Rohtas plateau). The plain area on the western side is flanked by the rivers Karmanasa and the Durgavati. The Kudra river lies on it eastern side. The district of Buxar of Bihar State and the district of Ghazipur of U.P. State bound it on the North. On the south is the district of Garhwa of Jharkhand State and on the West is the district of Chandauli and Mirzapur of the U.P. State. On the East is district of Rohtas of Bihar State.