The municipality (Gemeinde) of Ratshausen is located in the Zollernalb district of Baden-Württemberg, one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located at the southwest end of the district and borders Tuttlingen district to the south. Ratshausen is physically located primarily in the High Swabian Jura, in the valley of the Schlichem, which flows through Ratshausen itself. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of Normalnull (NN) at the top of the Plettenberg to a low of NN on the Schlichem.