Utricularia heterochroma is a very small, possibly perennial, rheophytic carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. heterochroma is endemic to Venezuela, where it is known from the type location at Ptari-tepui, two collections from Toronó-tepui, one collection from Apacará-tepui, one collection from Serrania Guanay, and several collections from the Chimantá Massif. It grows as a rheophyte on wet sandstone cliffs near waterfalls among mosses at altitudes from to . It was originally described and published by Julian Alfred Steyermark in 1953.