The Advaita Vedanta scholar Shankara interprets the above hymn 1 as equating the Lord as the Atman (Soul, Self). In contrast, Madhvacharya, the Dvaita Vedanta scholar interprets the hymn as equating the Lord as Vishnu, or a monotheistic God in a henotheistic sense. Other interpretations have also been suggested. For example, the more recent scholar Mahīdhara suggested that hymn 1 may be referring to Buddha, an interpretation that Max Muller stated was inadmissible because of the fundamental difference between Hinduism and Buddhism, with Hinduism relying on the premise Soul, Self exists and Buddhism relying on the premise Soul, Self does not exist.