Pristimantis salaputium is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Peru and known from its type locality, the Río Cosñipata Valley, on the northeastern slopes of the Cadena de Paucartambo, a frontal range of the Cordillera Oriental in Cusco Region, and from the Apurímac River valley. Its range might extend into Bolivia. The specific name salaputium is Latin meaning dwarf and refers to the small size of this species. Common name river robber frog has been coined for it.