The Pucarilla-Cerro Tipillas volcanic complex is formed by pyroclastic flows. Lava flows are subordinate. Luingo is the eruptive centre of the Pucarilla-Cerro Tipillas volcanic complex. Unlike other calderas such as Galan, Luingo is not visible from satellite images; its location and existence has been inferred from analysis of the facies and morphology. This caldera is the source of the Alto de Las Lagunas and Pucarilla ignimbrites and is itself filled by the two Luingo ignimbrites. The caldera has a diameter of . Based on the volume of its products a downsag depth of has been calculated. Luingo has generated ignimbrites that cover a surface area of .