Harmine Alleviates Titanium Particle-Induced Inflammatory Bone Destruction by Immunomodulatory Effect on the Macrophage Polarization and Subsequent Osteogenic Differentiation.
Peri-prosthetic osteolysis (PPO) and following aseptic loosening are regarded as the prime reasons for implant failure after joint replacement. Increasing evidence indicated that wear-debris-irritated inflammatory response and macrophage polarization state play essential roles in this osteolytic process. Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid primitively extracted from the