Studies toward the Development of Antiproliferative Neoclerodanes from Salvinorin A.
The success rate for central nervous system (CNS) drug candidates in the clinic is relatively low compared to the industry average across other therapeutic areas. Penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the therapeutic target is a major obstacle in development. The rapid CNS penetration of salvinorin A has suggested that the neoclerodane nucleus offers an excellent scaffold for developing antiproliferative compounds that enter the CNS. The Liebeskind-Srogl reaction was used as the main carbon-carbon bond-forming step toward the synthesis of quinone-containing salvinorin A analogues. Quinone-containing salvinorin A analogues were shown to have antiproliferative activity against the MCF7 breast cancer cell line, but show no significant activity at the κ-opioid receptors. In an in vitro model of BBB penetration, quinone-containing salvinorin A analogues were shown to passively diffuse across the cell monolayer. The analogues, however, are substrates of P-glycoprotein, and thus further modification of the molecules is needed to reduce the affinity for the efflux transporter.