Substance Use among Exclusive Electronic Cigarette Users and Dual Combustible Cigarette Users Extending Work to Adult Users.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become increasingly popular in recent years. Existing evidence indicates e-cigarettes used in isolation are less harmful than combustible cigarettes, yet emerging work has demonstrated that adults use e-cigarettes largely in combination with combustible cigarettes (i.e. dual use). Despite this data, little is understood about how exclusive and dual e-cigarette users may differ across behavioral outcomes, such as substance use dependence and behaviors among adults. Thus, the current project examined differences in e-cigarette dependence, problematic alcohol use, cannabis use, and nonmedical prescription opioid use (e.g. methadone and oxycodone) across both exclusive and dual e-cigarette adult users. Participants included 531 (53.6% female M