Evaluation and management of hyponatraemia in children.
Paediatric hyponatraemia is usually caused by an excess of antidiuretic hormone and may lead to serious neurological complications. It is challenging for clinicians to differentiate between conditions causing excess water and salt loss. This review analyses individual causes of hyponatraemia and focuses on optimal diagnostic algorithms and treatment strategies. Correct evaluation of hyponatraemia requires proper understanding of the aetiology and appropriate management calls for a detailed history, physical examination and specific laboratory investigations.