what was the outcome of the us invasion of panama
Military leader Manuel Noriega deposed
title: United States invasion of Panama text: United States invasion of Panama The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause occurred between mid-December 1989 and late January 1990. It occurred during the administration of President George H. W. Bush and ten years after the Torrijos–Carter Treaties were ratified to transfer control of the Panama Canal from the U.S. to Panama by 1 January 2000. During the invasion, "de facto" Panamanian leader, general, and dictator Manuel Noriega was deposed, president-elect Guillermo Endara sworn into office, and the Panamanian Defense Force dissolved. Information in this section September 1987 November 1987 February 1988 March 1988 April 1988 May title: United States invasion of Panama text: detained by Panamanian Defense Force soldiers. While in police custody, they were assaulted by the PDF. The U.S. Naval officer spent two weeks in hospital recovering from the beating. PDF soldiers sexually threatened his wife. The next day, President Bush ordered the execution of the Panama invasion plan; the military set H-Hour as 0100 on 20 December. The official U.S. justification for the invasion was articulated by President George H. W. Bush on the morning of 20 December 1989, a few hours after the start of the operation. Bush listed four reasons for the invasion: U.S. military forces were instructed title: United States invasion of Panama text: 1989 June–September 1989 (Operation Nimrod Dancer) October 1989 (Operation Nimrod Dancer) December 1989 D-Day, 20 December 1989 3 January 1990 (D-Day + 14) 31 January 1990 (D-Day + 42) September 1994 (D-Day + approximately 4.5 years) The United States had maintained numerous military bases and a substantial garrison throughout the Canal Zone to protect the American-owned Panama Canal and to maintain American control of this strategically important area. On September 7, 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the "de facto" leader of Panama, General Omar Torrijos, signed Torrijos–Carter Treaties, which set in motion the process of handing over the Panama title: United States invasion of Panama text: Pentagon on the eve of the invasion. The original operation, in which U.S. troops were deployed to Panama in early 1989, was called "Operation Nimrod Dancer". United States Southern Command United States Marine Corps United States Special Operations Command United States Air Force United States Navy The military incursion into Panama began on 20 December 1989, at 1:00 a.m. local time. The operation involved 27,684 U.S. troops and over 300 aircraft, including C-130 Hercules tactical transports flown by the 317th Tactical Airlift Wing (which was equipped with the Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery System or AWADS) and 314th Tactical Airlift Wing, title: United States invasion of Panama text: deployed via strategic airlift into Howard Air Force Base the next morning, and secured key government buildings in the downtown area of Panama City. MPs seized PDF weapons, vehicles and supplies during house-to-house searches in the following days, and conducted urban combat operations against snipers and Dignity Battalion holdouts for the following week. A few hours after the invasion began, Guillermo Endara was sworn in at Fort Clayton. According to The Los Angeles Times, Endara was the "presumed winner" in the presidential election which had been scheduled earlier that year. A platoon from the 1138th Military Police Company, Missouri Army