when was the first dry cell battery invented
1886
title: Dry cell text: Dry cell A dry cell is a type of electric battery, commonly used for portable electrical devices. It was developed in 1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner, after development of wet zinc-carbon batteries by Georges Leclanché in 1866. A dry cell uses a paste electrolyte, with only enough moisture to allow current to flow. Unlike a wet cell, a dry cell can operate in any orientation without spilling, as it contains no free liquid, making it suitable for portable equipment. By comparison, the first wet cells were typically fragile glass containers with lead rods hanging from the open top title: Dry cell text: shell, which also acted as the anode. In November 1887, he obtained for the same device. A dry-battery was invented in Japan during the Meiji Era in 1887. The inventor was Sakizou Yai. However, the first patent holder of a battery in Japan was not Yai, but Ichisaburo Takahashi. Wilhelm Hellesen also invented a dry-battery and obtained in 1890. Unlike previous wet cells, Gassner's dry cell was more solid, did not require maintenance, did not spill, and could be used in any orientation. It provided a potential of 1.5 volts. The first mass-produced model was the Columbia dry cell, first title: History of the battery text: to be known as the dry cell because it did not have a free liquid electrolyte. Instead, the ammonium chloride was mixed with plaster of Paris to create a paste, with a small amount of zinc chloride added in to extend the shelf life. The manganese dioxide cathode was dipped in this paste, and both were sealed in a zinc shell, which also acted as the anode. In November 1887, he obtained for the same device. Unlike previous wet cells, Gassner's dry cell was more solid, did not require maintenance, did not spill, and could be used in any orientation. title: Dry cell text: marketed by the National Carbon Company in 1896. The NCC improved Gassner's model by replacing the plaster of Paris with coiled cardboard, an innovation that left more space for the cathode and made the battery easier to assemble. It was the first convenient battery for the masses and made portable electrical devices practical. The zinc-carbon cell (as it came to be known) is still manufactured today. Primary cells are not rechargeable and are generally disposed of after the cell's internal reaction has consumed the reactive starting chemicals. Secondary cells are rechargeable, and may be reused multiple times. Dry cell A title: History of the battery text: own dry cell design. It has been claimed that Hellesen's design preceded that of Gassner. In 1887, a dry-battery was developed by Yai Sakizō () of Japan, then patented in 1892. In 1893, Yai Sakizō's dry-battery was exhibited in World's Columbian Exposition and commanded considerable international attention. In 1899, a Swedish scientist named Waldemar Jungner invented the nickel–cadmium battery, a rechargeable battery that had nickel and cadmium electrodes in a potassium hydroxide solution; the first battery to use an alkaline electrolyte. It was commercialized in Sweden in 1910 and reached the United States in 1946. The first models were robust