what are the type of genes that prevent other genes from showing their phenotype
Dominance
title: Orphan gene text: Orphan gene Orphan genes (also called ORFans, especially in microbial literature) are genes without detectable homologues in other lineages. Orphans are a subset of taxonomically-restricted genes (TRGs), which are unique to a specific taxonomic level (e.g. plant-specific). In contrast to non-orphan TRGs, orphans are usually considered unique to a very narrow taxon, generally a species. The classic model of evolution is based on duplication, rearrangement, and mutation of genes with the idea of common descent. Orphan genes differ in that they are lineage-specific with no known history of shared duplication and rearrangement outside of their specific species or clade. Orphan title: Orphan gene text: still being debated. One theory is that many orphans have no evolutionary role; genomes contain non-functional open reading frames (ORFs) that create spurious polypeptide products not maintained by selection, meaning that they are unlikely to be conserved between species and would likely be detected as orphan genes. However, a variety of other studies have shown that at least some orphans are functionally important and may help explain the emergence of novel phenotypes. Orphan gene Orphan genes (also called ORFans, especially in microbial literature) are genes without detectable homologues in other lineages. Orphans are a subset of taxonomically-restricted genes (TRGs), which title: Neutral mutation text: Neutral mutation Neutral mutations are changes in DNA sequence that are neither beneficial nor detrimental to the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce. In population genetics, mutations in which natural selection does not affect the spread of the mutation in a species are termed neutral mutations. Neutral mutations that are inheritable and not linked to any .genes under selection will either be lost or will replace all other alleles of the gene. This loss or fixation of the gene proceeds based on random sampling known as genetic drift. A neutral mutation that is in linkage disequilibrium with other title: Human genome text: regulatory DNA sequences, repetitive DNA sequences, and sequences related to mobile genetic elements. Numerous sequences that are included within genes are also defined as noncoding DNA. These include genes for noncoding RNA (e.g. tRNA, rRNA), and untranslated components of protein-coding genes (e.g. introns, and 5' and 3' untranslated regions of mRNA). Protein-coding sequences (specifically, coding exons) constitute less than 1.5% of the human genome. In addition, about 26% of the human genome is introns. Aside from genes (exons and introns) and known regulatory sequences (8–20%), the human genome contains regions of noncoding DNA. The exact amount of noncoding DNA that title: Non-coding DNA text: years within chloroplasts and an additional 2–3 billion years prior in the cyanobacterial ancestors of chloroplasts. Pseudogenes are DNA sequences, related to known genes, that have lost their protein-coding ability or are otherwise no longer expressed in the cell. Pseudogenes arise from retrotransposition or genomic duplication of functional genes, and become "genomic fossils" that are nonfunctional due to mutations that prevent the transcription of the gene, such as within the gene promoter region, or fatally alter the translation of the gene, such as premature stop codons or frameshifts. Pseudogenes resulting from the retrotransposition of an RNA intermediate are known as