who propounded the nebular hypothesis for the origin of the earth
Immanuel Kant
title: Nebular hypothesis text: Nebular hypothesis The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests that the Solar System is formed from the nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his "Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels" ("Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens"), published in 1755. Originally applied to the Solar System, the process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the Universe. The widely accepted modern variant of title: Nebular hypothesis text: "protoplanet theory" of William McCrea (1960) and finally the "capture theory" of Michael Woolfson. In 1978 Andrew Prentice resurrected the initial Laplacian ideas about planet formation and developed the "modern Laplacian theory". None of these attempts proved completely successful, and many of the proposed theories were descriptive. The birth of the modern widely accepted theory of planetary formation—the solar nebular disk model (SNDM)—can be traced to the Soviet astronomer Victor Safronov. His 1969 book "Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation of the Earth and the planets", which was translated to English in 1972, had a long-lasting effect on the title: Nebular hypothesis text: hydrogen and helium gas contracted, spun up, flattened, and deposited gas onto the surface of each giant protoplanet, while solid bodies within that disk accreted into the giant planet's regular moons. Nebular hypothesis The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests that the Solar System is formed from the nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his "Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels" ("Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens"), title: Nebular hypothesis text: and Theory of the Heavens", wherein he argued that gaseous clouds (nebulae) slowly rotate, gradually collapse and flatten due to gravity, eventually forming stars and planets. Pierre-Simon Laplace independently developed and proposed a similar model in 1796 in his "Exposition du systeme du monde". He envisioned that the Sun originally had an extended hot atmosphere throughout the volume of the Solar System. His theory featured a contracting and cooling protosolar cloud—the protosolar nebula. As this cooled and contracted, it flattened and spun more rapidly, throwing off (or shedding) a series of gaseous rings of material; and according to him, the title: History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses text: of the modern widely accepted theory of planetary formation—the Solar Nebular Disk Model (SNDM)—can be traced to the works of Soviet astronomer Victor Safronov. His book "Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation of the Earth and the planets", which was translated to English in 1972, had a long-lasting effect on the way scientists thought about the formation of the planets. In this book almost all major problems of the planetary formation process were formulated and some of them solved. Safronov's ideas were further developed in the works of George Wetherill, who discovered "runaway accretion". By the early 1980s, the