what are the different strains of lyme disease
Borrelia afzelii Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. Borrelia garinii
title: Lyme disease microbiology text: are microaerophilic and slow-growing—the primary reason for the long delays when diagnosing Lyme disease—and have been found to have greater strain diversity than previously estimated. The strains differ in clinical symptoms and/or presentation as well as geographic distribution. Except for "Borrelia recurrentis" (which causes louse-borne relapsing fever and is transmitted by the human body louse), all known species are believed to be transmitted by ticks. Until recently, only three genospecies were thought to cause Lyme disease (borreliosis): "B. burgdorferi" "s.s." (the predominant species in North America, but also present in Europe); "B. afzelii"; and "B. garinii" (both predominant in Eurasia). title: Lyme disease microbiology text: Lyme disease microbiology Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus "Borrelia", which has 52 known species. Three main species ("Borrelia garinii", "Borrelia afzelii", and "Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.") are the main causative agents of the disease in humans, while a number of others have been implicated as possibly pathogenic. "Borrelia" species in the species complex known to cause Lyme disease are collectively called "Borrelia burgdorferi" "sensu lato" ("s.l.") not to be confused with the single species in that complex "Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto" which is responsible for all cases of Lyme disease in North America. "Borrelia" title: Lyme disease text: caused by spirochetes, spiral bacteria from the genus "Borrelia". Spirochetes are surrounded by peptidoglycan and flagella, along with an outer membrane similar to other Gram-negative bacteria. Because of their double-membrane envelope, "Borrelia" bacteria are often mistakenly described as Gram negative despite the considerable differences in their envelope components from Gram-negative bacteria. The Lyme-related "Borrelia" species are collectively known as "Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato", and show a great deal of genetic diversity. "B. burgdorferi sensu lato" is made up of 21 closely related species, but only three clearly cause Lyme disease: "B. burgdorferi sensu stricto" (predominant in North America, but also title: Lyme disease microbiology text: will be a challenge. A vaccine made by Pfizer, known as LymeVax, is currently available for use in dogs. It is a two-strain, multiantigen vaccine which induces an antibody response to bacterial proteins OspA and OspC. Lyme disease microbiology Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus "Borrelia", which has 52 known species. Three main species ("Borrelia garinii", "Borrelia afzelii", and "Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.") are the main causative agents of the disease in humans, while a number of others have been implicated as possibly pathogenic. "Borrelia" species in the species complex known to cause Lyme disease title: Lyme disease text: Lyme disease Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by a bacteria named "Borrelia" spread by ticks. The most common sign of infection is an expanding area of redness on the skin, known as erythema migrans, that appears at the site of the tick bite about a week after it occurred. The rash is typically neither itchy nor painful. Approximately 70–80% of infected people develop a rash. Other early symptoms may include fever, headache and tiredness. If untreated, symptoms may include loss of the ability to move one or both sides of the face, joint