when was the first portable cell phone invented
1965
title: Mobile phone text: Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the early zeroth-generation (0G) services, such as Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, the Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These 0G systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive. The first handheld cellular mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using title: History of the telephone text: mobile phones can be traced back to two-way radios permanently installed in vehicles such as taxicabs, police cruisers, railroad trains, and the like. Later versions such as the so-called transportables or "bag phones" were equipped with a cigarette lighter plug so that they could also be carried, and thus could be used as either mobile two-way radios or as portable phones by being patched into the telephone network. In December 1947, Bell Labs engineers Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young proposed hexagonal cell transmissions for mobile phones. Philip T. Porter, also of Bell Labs, proposed that the cell towers title: History of mobile phones text: ARP network in Finland, launched in 1971. Posthumously, ARP is sometimes viewed as a "zero generation" (0G) cellular network, being slightly above previous proprietary and limited coverage networks. Prior to 1973, mobile telephony was limited to phones installed in cars and other vehicles. Motorola was the first company to produce a handheld mobile phone. On April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, made the first mobile telephone call from handheld subscriber equipment, placing a call to Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs, his rival. The prototype handheld phone used by Dr. Cooper weighed and measured . title: John Francis Mitchell text: his previous decision and championed the portable cell phone concept." U.S. Patent 5,650,776, July 22, 1997 for a Communications Receiver with Thomas F. Holmes John Francis Mitchell John Francis Mitchell (January 1, 1928 – June 9, 2009) was an American electronics engineer and President & COO of Motorola. Mitchell led the pioneering development and implementation of the Motorola’s mobile phone technology producing the first portable transistorized pager and cell phone; was the driving force behind building quality into engineering, and the establishment of the Motorola University and Six Sigma Institute; and launched the global Iridium Satellite Constellation. He was born title: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91) text: was invented in 1973 by Nick Sheridon at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. The first electronic paper, called Gyricon, consisted of polyethylene spheres between 75 and 106 micrometres across. 1973 Recombinant DNA 1973 Catalytic converter (three-way) 1973 Mobile phone A mobile phone, or cell phone, is a long-range, electronic device used for mobile voice or data communication over a network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. Early mobile FM radio telephones were in use for many years, but since the number of radio frequencies were very limited in any area, the number of phone calls were also very