where do calluses on your feet come from
repeated friction other irritation pressure
title: Callus text: (where the most pressure and friction are applied). On the feet, arguably cause of the most problematic calluses, they typically form on the metatarsal-phalangeal joint area ("balls of the foot), heels and small toes due to the compression applied by tightly fitting shoes. Biologically, calluses are formed by the accumulation of terminally undifferentiated keratinocytes in the outermost layer of skin. Though the cells of calluses are dead, they are quite resistant to mechanical and chemical insults due to extensive networks of cross-linked proteins and hydrophobic keratin intermediate filaments containing many disulfide bonds. It is the natural reaction of the palmar title: Callus text: Callus A callus is an area of thickened skin that forms as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation. Since repeated contact is required, calluses are most often found on feet because of frequent walking and incorrectly fitting footwear. While they can be perceived as being unsightly, calluses are generally not harmful, but if neglected for long periods may sometimes lead to other problems, such as a skin ulceration or infection, or cause the sufferer to try and offload the affected painful area, which can place excessive stress on the asymptomatic side. Rubbing that is too frequent or title: Callus text: high heels. Tenpin bowlers will often develop calluses on their thumbs and occasionally their middle fingers from frequent bowling. Calluses have also been known to develop on the forehead from the frequent prostrations required in Muslim prayer; known as a prayer bump or "zebiba", such calluses are considered marks of piety in some Muslim countries, and people have been known to take special steps, such as praying on straw mats, to encourage the callus to develop. Although calluses can occur anywhere on the body as a reaction to moderate, constant "grinding" pressure, they are most often found on the foot title: Diseases of the foot text: a distinction made between conditions of the dorsal skin and plantar skin. Common examples include callus thickened skin, fungal infections of the skin (athlete's foot) or nails (onychomycosis), viral infection of verrucae, and ingrowing toenails that may cause bacterial nail infections (paronychia). Corns and calluses are chunky tough layers of skin that develop on the foot to protect underlying skin from pressure and friction. Corns and calluses are very common and do not look pleasant. Corns and calluses generally need treatment only if they cause problems. For most people, the best treatment of corns and calluses is to eliminate the title: Callus shaver text: Callus shaver A callus shaver (also called a credo knife) is a tool for the medical and cosmetic removal of a callus, mainly on the feet (see also pedicure), or hands. Technically speaking, its function is the abrasive treatment of hyperkeratotic skin lesions. The callus shaver consists of a handle, which is usually arched, and a blade made of ceramic or metal. Because the shaver is very sharp, injuries can result from careless use. For this reason the shaver is illegal in some states in the USA.A cellulitis infection is possible if the skin is cut, especially if the shaver