the novel stranger by camus is also known as
The Outsider
title: The Stranger (Camus novel) text: The Stranger (Camus novel) L’Étranger (The Outsider [UK], or The Stranger [US]) is a 1942 novel by French author Albert Camus. Its theme and outlook are often cited as examples of Camus's philosophy of the absurd and existentialism, though Camus personally rejected the latter label. The title character is Meursault, an indifferent French Algerian described as "a citizen of France domiciled in North Africa, a man of the Mediterranean, an "homme du midi" yet one who hardly partakes of the traditional Mediterranean culture". He attends his mother's funeral. A few days later, he kills an Arab man in French Algiers, title: The Stranger (Camus novel) text: Bureau offered to help. The book was eventually published in June 1942 – 4,400 copies of it were printed. Gallimard first published the original French-language novel in 1942. A British author, Stuart Gilbert, first translated "L’Étranger" into English in 1946; for more than thirty years his version was the standard English translation. Gilbert's choice of title, "The Stranger", was changed by Hamish Hamilton to "The Outsider", because they considered it "more striking and appropriate" and because Maria Kuncewiczowa's Polish novel "Cudzoziemka" had recently been published in London as "The Stranger". In the United States, Knopf had already typeset the manuscript title: The Stranger (Camus novel) text: classic of 20th-century literature. "Le Monde" ranks it as number one on its 100 Books of the Century. The novel was twice adapted as films: "Lo Straniero" (1967) (Italian) by Luchino Visconti and "Yazgı" ("Fate") by Zeki Demirkubuz (Turkish). Meursault learns of the death of his mother, who has been living in a retirement home. At her funeral, he expresses none of the expected emotions of grief. When asked if he wishes to view the body, he says no, and, instead, smokes and drinks coffee in front of the coffin. Rather than expressing his feelings, he comments to the reader title: The Stranger (Camus novel) text: using Gilbert's original title when informed of the name change and so disregarded it; the British-American difference in titles has persisted in subsequent editions. In 1982, the British publisher Hamish Hamilton, which had issued Gilbert's translation, published a translation by Joseph Laredo, also as "The Outsider." Penguin Books bought this version in 1983 for a paperback edition. In 1988, Vintage published a version in the United States with a translation by American Matthew Ward under the standard American title of "The Stranger." Camus was influenced by American literary style, and Ward's translation expresses American usage. A new translation of "The title: The Stranger (Camus novel) text: bring everything to a comsummate end. Meursault is a French Algerian who learns of his mother's death by telegram. Meursault's indifference to his mother's death demonstrates some emotional detachment from his environment. Other instances are shown. Meursault is also a truthful person, speaking his mind without regard for others. He is regarded as a stranger to society due to his indifference. Meursault’s mother was sent to an old people's home three years prior to her death, as noted in the opening lines of the novel. As Meursault nears the time for his execution, he feels a kinship with his mother,