when was judicial review granted to the supreme court within the united states
1796 1803
title: Judicial review in the United States text: Judicial review in the United States In the United States, judicial review is the ability of a court to examine and decide if a statute, treaty or administrative regulation contradicts or violates the provisions of existing law, a State Constitution, or ultimately the United States Constitution. While the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly define a power of judicial review, the authority for judicial review in the United States has been inferred from the structure, provisions, and history of the Constitution. Two landmark decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court served to confirm the inferred constitutional authority for judicial review in the title: Judicial review in the United States text: of judicial review. The Supreme Court's landmark decision regarding judicial review is "Marbury v. Madison", 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803). "Marbury" was the first Supreme Court decision to strike down an act of Congress as unconstitutional. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote the opinion for a unanimous Court. The case arose when William Marbury filed a lawsuit seeking an order (a "writ of mandamus") requiring the Secretary of State, James Madison, to deliver to Marbury a commission appointing him as a justice of the peace. Marbury filed his case directly in the Supreme Court, invoking the Court's "original jurisdiction", rather title: Judicial review in the United States text: state and federal courts for more than twenty years before "Marbury", including the Supreme Court in "Hylton v. United States". One scholar concluded: "[B]efore "Marbury", judicial review had gained wide support." "Marbury" was the point at which the Supreme Court adopted a monitoring role over government actions. After the Court exercised its power of judicial review in "Marbury", it avoided striking down a federal statute during the next fifty years. The court would not do so again until "Dred Scott v. Sandford", 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857). However, the Supreme Court did exercise judicial review in other contexts. In title: Judicial review in the United States text: whether those cases are filed in state or federal courts. The Court issued another decision to the same effect in the context of a criminal case, "Cohens v. Virginia", 19 U.S. (6 Wheat.) 264 (1821). It is now well established that the Supreme Court may review decisions of state courts that involve federal law. The Supreme Court also has reviewed actions of the federal executive branch to determine whether those actions were authorized by acts of Congress or were beyond the authority granted by Congress. Judicial review is now well established as a cornerstone of constitutional law. As of September title: History of the Supreme Court of the United States text: Ellsworth. No major cases came before the Supreme Court during this time. One of the most significant periods during the history of the Court was the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall (1801 to 1835). In the landmark case "Marbury v. Madison" (1803), Marshall held that the Supreme Court could overturn a law passed by Congress if it violated the Constitution, legally cementing the power of judicial review. The Marshall Court also made several important decisions relating to federalism. Marshall took a broad view of the powers of the federal government—in particular, the interstate commerce clause and the Necessary and