which gene segments code for the variable region of the heavy chain
V
title: V(D)J recombination text: are composed of heavy and light chains (each of which contains both "constant" (C) and "variable" (V) regions), which are encoded by genes on three loci: Each heavy chain and light chain gene contains multiple copies of three different types of gene segments for the variable regions of the antibody proteins. For example, the human immunoglobulin heavy chain region contains 2 Constant (Cμ and Cδ) gene segments and 44 Variable (V) gene segments, plus 27 Diversity (D) gene segments and 6 Joining (J) gene segments. The light chains also possess 2 Constant (Cμ and Cδ) gene segments and numerous V title: V(D)J recombination text: region of the heavy chain and both the constant "mu" and "delta" chains (C and C). (i.e. the primary transcript contains the segments: V-D-J-C-C). The primary RNA is processed to add a polyadenylated (poly-A) tail after the C chain and to remove sequence between the VDJ segment and this constant gene segment. Translation of this mRNA leads to the production of the Ig M heavy chain protein. The kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) chains of the immunoglobulin light chain loci rearrange in a very similar way, except that the light chains lack a D segment. In other words, the first title: Single-chain variable fragment text: Single-chain variable fragment A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is not actually a fragment of an antibody, but instead is a fusion protein of the variable regions of the heavy (V) and light chains (V) of immunoglobulins, connected with a short linker peptide of ten to about 25 amino acids. The linker is usually rich in glycine for flexibility, as well as serine or threonine for solubility, and can either connect the N-terminus of the V with the C-terminus of the V, or "vice versa". This protein retains the specificity of the original immunoglobulin, despite removal of the constant regions and title: Heavy chain disease text: Heavy chain disease Heavy chain disease is a form of paraproteinemia and plasma cell dyscrasia that involves the proliferation of cells producing immunoglobulin heavy chains. This disease is characterized by an excessive production of heavy chains that are short and truncated. These heavy chain disease proteins have various deletions, mainly in their amino-terminal part, which causes the heavy chains to lose the ability to form disulfide bonds with the light chains. The defect in the immunoglobulins presumably arises during somatic hypermutation. Deletion of the N-terminal part of the heavy chain disease protein leads to aggregation and signaling of the B title: Heavy chain disease text: misdiagnosed as chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) because the two diseases are often associated with each other and show similar symptoms. Heavy chain disease Heavy chain disease is a form of paraproteinemia and plasma cell dyscrasia that involves the proliferation of cells producing immunoglobulin heavy chains. This disease is characterized by an excessive production of heavy chains that are short and truncated. These heavy chain disease proteins have various deletions, mainly in their amino-terminal part, which causes the heavy chains to lose the ability to form disulfide bonds with the light chains. The defect in the immunoglobulins presumably arises during somatic