the oligodynamic effect is a phenomenon that describes
a biocidal effect of metals
title: Oligodynamic effect text: can induce special protein complexes called metallothioneins. Oligodynamic effect The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos "few", and dynamis "force") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent. The metals react with thiol (-SH) or amine (-NH) groups of proteins, a mode of action to which microorganisms may develop resistance. Such resistance may be transmitted by plasmids. Aluminium acetate (Burow's solution) is used as an astringent mild title: Oligodynamic effect text: Oligodynamic effect The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos "few", and dynamis "force") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent. The metals react with thiol (-SH) or amine (-NH) groups of proteins, a mode of action to which microorganisms may develop resistance. Such resistance may be transmitted by plasmids. Aluminium acetate (Burow's solution) is used as an astringent mild antiseptic. Aluminium-based antiperspirant ingredients ("aluminium salts") such title: Antimicrobial properties of copper text: action of copper have been a subject of intensive research. Scientists are also actively demonstrating the intrinsic efficacy of copper alloy "touch surfaces" to destroy a wide range of microorganisms that threaten public health. The oligodynamic effect was discovered in 1893 as a toxic effect of metal ions on living cells, algae, molds, spores, fungi, viruses, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic microorganisms, even in relatively low concentrations. This antimicrobial effect is shown by ions of copper as well as mercury, silver, iron, lead, zinc, bismuth, gold, and aluminium. In 1973, researchers at Battelle Columbus Laboratories conducted a comprehensive literature, technology and patent title: Gough–Joule effect text: Gough–Joule effect The Gough–Joule effect (a.k.a. Gow–Joule effect) is originally the tendency of elastomers to contract when heated if they are under tension. Elastomers that are not under tension do not see this effect. The term is also used more generally to refer to the dependence of the temperature of any solid on the mechanical deformation. If an elastic band is first stretched and then subjected to heating, it will shrink rather than expand. This effect was first observed by John Gough in 1802, and was investigated further by James Joule in the 1850s, when it then became known as title: Oligodynamic effect text: called gonorrheal neonatal ophthalmia, which the infants might have contracted as they passed through the birth canal. Silver ions are increasingly incorporated into many hard surfaces, such as plastics and steel, as a way to control microbial growth on items such as toilet seats, stethoscopes, and even refrigerator doors. Among the newer products being sold are plastic food containers infused with silver nanoparticies, which are intended to keep food fresher, and silver-infused athletic shirts and socks, which claim to minimize odors. Thallium compounds such as thallium sulfate have been used for impregnating wood and leather to kill fungal spores and