when did france and belgium invade the ruhr
11 January 1923 January 1923 1923
title: Occupation of the Ruhr text: Occupation of the Ruhr The Occupation of the Ruhr () was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925. The occupation was a response to the Weimar Republic widely and regularly defaulting on reparation payments in the early 1920s. The total reparation sum of £6.6 billion had been dictated by the Triple Entente in 1921 in the Treaty of Versailles, and the reparation payments were due to last several decades. The Ruhr region had been occupied by Allied troops in the immediate aftermath of the First World War, during the title: Occupation of the Ruhr text: world into another world war. Initiated by French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré, the invasion took place on 11 January 1923. General Alphonse Caron’s 32nd infantry corps under the supervision of General Jean-Marie Degoutte carried out the operation. Following France's decision to invade the Ruhr, the Inter-Allied Mission for Control of Factories and Mines (MICUM) was set up as a means of ensuring coal repayments from Germany. The occupation was greeted by a campaign of passive resistance. Approximately 130 German civilians were killed by the French occupation army during the events, including during civil disobedience protests, e.g. against dismissal of German title: Occupation of the Ruhr text: so it never managed to unite the right before it had faded away by the late 1920s, as the NSDAP emerged. Occupation of the Ruhr The Occupation of the Ruhr () was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925. The occupation was a response to the Weimar Republic widely and regularly defaulting on reparation payments in the early 1920s. The total reparation sum of £6.6 billion had been dictated by the Triple Entente in 1921 in the Treaty of Versailles, and the reparation payments were due to last several title: Ruhr Question text: the north, Dortmund in the east, and Düsseldorf in the south. Germany defaulted on reparations, causing France and Belgium to occupy the cities of Düsseldorf, Duisburg, and Ruhrort in 1921 and the remaining Ruhr area stretching east to Dortmund in 1923. The occupation of the Ruhr, including control of the factories and coal mines, lasted until the agreement of the Dawes Plan in 1924. The confiscated of Düsseldorf served as the command center of the occupation of the Ruhr until the French withdrew on August 25th, 1925. At the end of the Second World War, the Allies once again asked title: Ruhr Question text: Ruhr Question The Ruhr Question was a political topos put on the agenda by the Allies of World War I and the Allies of World War II in the negotiations following each respective war, concerning how to deal with the economic and technological potential of the area where the Rhine and Ruhr intersect. France was heavily in favor of monitoring this region, due to the perception that the economic and technological potential of the region had allowed the German Reich to threaten and occupy France during the Franco-Prussian War, World War I, and World War II. The Ruhr question was