when did beds become popular in france and germany
the 12th century
title: Bed text: Versailles women received their friends in their beds, both before and after childbirth, during periods of mourning, and even directly after marriage—in fact in any circumstances which were thought deserving of congratulation or condolence. During the 17th century this curious custom became general, perhaps to avoid the tiresome details of etiquette. Portable beds were used in high society in France until the end of the "Ancien Régime". The earliest of which mention has been found belonged to Charles the Bold. They had curtains over a light framework, and were in their way as fine as the stationary beds. Iron beds title: France in the twentieth century text: powerful Germany, was a common theme in the early twentieth century. Natalist policies were proposed in the 1930s, and implemented in the 1940s. France experienced a baby boom after 1945; it reversed a long-term record of low birth rates. In addition, there was a steady immigration, especially from former French colonies in North Africa. The population grew from 41 million in 1946, to 50 million in 1966, and 60 million by 1990. The farm population decline sharply, from 35% of the workforce in 1945 to under 5% by 2000. By 2004, France had the second highest birthrate in Europe, behind title: Health care in France text: the nation's health services, to require the registration of infectious diseases, to mandate quarantines, and to improve the deficient health and housing legislation of 1850. However the reformers met opposition from bureaucrats, politicians, and physicians. Because it was so threatening to so many interests, the proposal was debated and postponed for 20 years before becoming law in 1902. Success finally came when the government realized that contagious diseases had a national security impact in weakening military recruits, and keeping the population growth rate well below Germany's. The current system has undergone several changes since its foundation in 1945, though the title: Household text: (1966) Inside piped water supply: 90.3% (1966) Flush toilet: 94.0% (1966) Fixed bath or shower: 98.1% (1966) Percentage of households in selected European countries owning at least one car (1978): Belgium: 69.9% Denmark: 57.0% France: 66.9% Ireland: 65.1% Italy: 69.1% Netherlands: 67.2% United Kingdom: 54.4% West Germany: 62.6% Distributions of the three main kinds of housing tenure in various societies: Social rented: Australia (1988): 5% Denmark (1990): 21% France (1990): 17% Germany (1990): 25% Ireland (1990): 14% United Kingdom (1990): 27% Belgium (1986): 6% Italy (1990): 5% Netherlands (1988): 43% Spain (1989): 1% United States (1980): 2% Private rented: Australia title: History of Germany text: grew 60% from 1815 to 1865, from 21,000,000 to 34,000,000. The era saw the Demographic Transition take place in Germany. It was a transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth and death rates as the country developed from a pre-industrial to a modernized agriculture and supported a fast-growing industrialized urban economic system. In previous centuries, the shortage of land meant that not everyone could marry, and marriages took place after age 25. After 1815, increased agricultural productivity meant a larger food supply, and a decline in famines, epidemics, and malnutrition. This allowed couples to marry