when was zero first used in mathematical operations
By 1770 BC 7th century
title: Mathematical notation text: of accounting for numerical concepts. The development of zero as a number is one of the most important developments in early mathematics. It was used as a placeholder by the Babylonians and Greek Egyptians, and then as an integer by the Mayans, Indians and Arabs. (See The history of zero for more information.) The earliest mathematical viewpoints in geometry did not lend themselves well to counting. The natural numbers, their relationship to fractions, and the identification of continuous quantities actually took millennia to take form, and even longer to allow for the development of notation. It was not until the title: Zero to the power of zero text: Zero to the power of zero Zero to the power of zero, denoted by 0, is a mathematical expression with no agreed-upon value. The most common possibilities are 1 or leaving the expression undefined, with justifications existing for each, depending on context. In algebra, combinatorics, or set theory, the generally agreed upon value is 0 = 1, whereas in mathematical analysis, the expression is generally left undefined. Computer programs also have differing ways of handling this expression. There are many widely used formulas having terms involving natural-number exponents that require 0 to be evaluated to 1. For example, regarding "b" title: Zero to the power of zero text: specify the result of 0 (a domain error may occur), but as of C99, if the normative annex F is supported, the result is required to be 1 because this value is more useful than NaN for significant applications (for instance, with discrete exponents). The Java standard and the .NET Framework method codice_1 also treat 0 as 1. Zero to the power of zero Zero to the power of zero, denoted by 0, is a mathematical expression with no agreed-upon value. The most common possibilities are 1 or leaving the expression undefined, with justifications existing for each, depending on context. title: Zero of a function text: Zero of a function In mathematics, a zero, also sometimes called a root, of a real-, complex- or generally vector-valued function formula_1 is a member formula_2 of the domain of formula_1 such that formula_4 "vanishes" at formula_2; that is, formula_2 is a solution of the equation formula_7. In other words, a "zero" of a function is an input value that produces an output of formula_8. A root of a polynomial is a zero of the corresponding polynomial function. The fundamental theorem of algebra shows that any non-zero polynomial has a number of roots at most equal to its degree and title: 0 text: is also used to refer to zero. A symbol for zero, a large dot likely to be the precursor of the still-current hollow symbol, is used throughout the Bakhshali manuscript, a practical manual on arithmetic for merchants. In 2017 three samples from the manuscript were shown by radiocarbon dating to come from three different centuries: from 224-383 AD, 680-779 AD, and 885-993 AD, making it the world's oldest recorded use of the zero symbol. It is not known how the birch bark fragments from different centuries that form the manuscript came to be packaged together. The origin of the modern