what is upstream project in oil and gas
drilling exploratory wells
title: Upstream (petroleum industry) text: Upstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream (or exploration and production- E&P")", midstream and downstream. The upstream sector includes searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface. Upstream Industry has traditionally experienced the highest number of Mergers, Acquisitions and Divestitures. M&A activity for upstream oil and gas deals in 2012 totaled $254 billion in 679 deals. A large chunk of this M&A, 33% title: Downstream (petroleum industry) text: Downstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as well as hundreds of petrochemicals. Midstream operations are often included in the downstream category title: Upstream (petroleum industry) text: company that specializes in the sale and distribution of equipment to the oil and gas industry. Many major security companies take part in securing the industry. Any other oil and gas related business not defined above. ISO 20815 defines "Upstream" in its definition section as: <br> 3.1.48 upstream<br> business category of the petroleum industry involving exploration and production. Upstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream (or exploration and production- E&P")", midstream and downstream. The upstream sector includes searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling exploratory title: Water injection (oil production) text: Water injection (oil production) In the oil industry, waterflooding or water injection is where water is injected into the oil field, usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production. Water injection wells can be found both on- and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir. Water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir (also known as voidage replacement), and also to sweep or displace oil from the reservoir, and push it towards a well. Normally only 30% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted, but water injection increases that percentage (known as the recovery factor) title: Petroleum engineering text: Petroleum engineering Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Exploration and production are deemed to fall within the "upstream" sector of the oil and gas industry. Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. Petroleum geology and geophysics focus on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of