| Resource: CorefUD 1.2 - Coreferences in Universal Dependencies, version 1.2 | |
| Authors: Martin Popel¹, Michal Novák¹, Zdeněk Žabokrtský¹, Daniel Zeman¹, Anna Nedoluzhko¹, Kutay | |
| Acar², David Bamman³, Peter Bourgonje⁴, Silvie Cinková¹, Hanne Eckhoff⁵, Gülşen Eryiğit⁶, | |
| Jan Hajič¹, Christian Hardmeier⁷, Dag Haug⁸, Tollef Jørgensen⁹, Andre Kåsen¹⁰, Pauline | |
| Krielke¹¹, Frédéric Landragin¹², Ekaterina Lapshinova-Koltunski¹¹, Petter Mæhlum¹³, M. | |
| Antònia Martí¹⁴, Marie Mikulová¹, Anders Nøklestad⁸, Maciej Ogrodniczuk¹⁵, Lilja Øvrelid¹³, | |
| Tuğba Pamay Arslan⁶, Marta Recasens¹⁴, Per Erik Solberg¹⁰, Manfred Stede⁴, Milan Straka¹, | |
| Daniel Swanson¹⁶, Svetlana Toldova¹⁷, Noémi Vadász¹⁸, Erik Velldal¹³, Veronika Vincze¹⁹, | |
| Amir Zeldes²⁰, Voldemaras Žitkus²¹ | |
| ¹ Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Formal and Applied | |
| Linguistics, Prague, Czechia | |
| ² Istanbul Technical University, Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey | |
| ³ University of California, Berkeley, School of Information, USA | |
| ⁴ University of Potsdam, Applied Computational Linguistics, Potsdam, Germany | |
| ⁵ University of Oxford, Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages, Oxford, UK | |
| ⁶ Istanbul Technical University, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data | |
| Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey | |
| ⁷ Uppsala University, Department of Linguistics and Philology, Uppsala, Sweden | |
| ⁸ University of Oslo, Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, Oslo, Norway | |
| ⁹ Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer Science, | |
| Trondheim, Norway | |
| ¹⁰ The Norwegian Language Bank, National Library of Norway, Oslo, Norway | |
| ¹¹ Saarland University, Department of Language Science and Technology, Saarbrücken, Germany | |
| ¹² Lattice, CNRS & ENS Paris & Université Sorbonne Nouvelle & PSL Research University & | |
| USPC, Montrouge, France | |
| ¹³ University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, Oslo, Norway | |
| ¹⁴ University of Barcelona, Department of Linguistics, Centre de Llenguatge i Computació, | |
| Barcelona, Spain | |
| ¹⁵ Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw, Poland | |
| ¹⁶ Indiana University, Department of Linguistics, Bloomington, USA | |
| ¹⁷ HSE University, Faculty of Humanities, Laboratory of Formal Models in Linguistics, | |
| Moscow, Russia | |
| ¹⁸ Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, Research Group for Language Technology, | |
| Budapest, Hungary | |
| ¹⁹ MTA-SZTE Research Group on Artificial Intelligence & University of Szeged, Department of | |
| General Linguistics, Szeged, Hungary | |
| ²⁰ Georgetown University, Department of Linguistics, Washington DC, USA | |
| ²¹ Kaunas University of Technologies, Department of Information Systems, Kaunas, Lithuania | |
| CorefUD is a collection of previously existing datasets annotated with coreference, | |
| which we converted into a common annotation scheme. In total, CorefUD in its current | |
| version 1.2 consists of 25 datasets for 16 languages. | |
| The datasets are enriched with automatic morphological and syntactic annotations | |
| (except for a few datasets where these annotations are gold standard from corresponding | |
| UD treebanks) that are fully compliant with the standards of the Universal Dependencies | |
| project. All the datasets are stored in the CoNLL-U format, with coreference- and bridging- | |
| specific information captured by attribute-value pairs located in the MISC column. To learn | |
| more about the harmonized scheme, or about the diversity of the original resources, see | |
| https://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/corefud. | |
| The collection is divided into a public edition and a non-public (ÚFAL-internal) edition. | |
| The publicly available edition is distributed via LINDAT-CLARIAH-CZ and contains 21 | |
| datasets for 15 languages (1 dataset for Ancient Greek, 1 for Ancient Hebrew, 1 for Catalan, | |
| 2 for Czech, 3 for English, 1 for French, 2 for German, 2 for Hungarian, 1 for Lithuanian, | |
| 2 for Norwegian, 1 for Old Church Slavonic, 1 for Polish, 1 for Russian, 1 for Spanish, | |
| and 1 for Turkish), excluding the test data. | |
| The non-public edition is available internally to ÚFAL members and contains additional | |
| 4 datasets for 2 languages (1 dataset for Dutch, and 3 for English), which we are | |
| not allowed to distribute due to their original license limitations. It also contains | |
| the test data portions for all datasets. | |
| When using any of the harmonized datasets, please get acquainted with its license | |
| (placed in the same directory as the data) and cite the original data resource too. | |
| References to original resources whose harmonized versions are contained | |
| in the public edition of CorefUD 1.2: | |
| - Ancient_Greek-PROIEL: | |
| Haug, D. and Jøhndal, Marius L. (2008). Creating a Parallel Treebank of the Old Indo-European | |
| Bible Translations. In Proceedings of the Language Technology for Cultural Heritage Data | |
| Workshop, pages 27-34, Marrakech, Morocco. European Language Resources Association. | |
| - Ancient_Hebrew-PTNK: | |
| Swanson, D. and Tyers, F. (2022). A Universal Dependencies Treebank of Ancient Hebrew. | |
| In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, | |
| pages 2353-2361, Marseille, France. European Language Resources Association. | |
| - Catalan-AnCora: | |
| Recasens, M. and Martí, M. A. (2010). AnCora-CO: Coreferentially Annotated Corpora for | |
| Spanish and Catalan. Language Resources and Evaluation, 44(4):315–345 | |
| - Czech-PCEDT: | |
| Nedoluzhko, A., Novák, M., Cinková, S., Mikulová, M., and Mírovský, J. (2016). Coreference | |
| in Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank. In Proceedings of the Tenth International | |
| Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'16), pages 169–176, Portorož, | |
| Slovenia. European Language Resources Association. | |
| - Czech-PDT: | |
| Hajič, J., Bejček, E., Hlaváčová, J., Mikulová, M., Straka, M., Štěpánek, J., and | |
| Štěpánková, B. (2020). Prague Dependency Treebank - Consolidated 1.0. In Proceedings | |
| of the 12th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), | |
| pages 5208–5218, Marseille, France. European Language Resources Association. | |
| - English-GUM: | |
| Zeldes, A. (2017). The GUM Corpus: Creating Multilayer Resources in the Classroom. | |
| Language Resources and Evaluation, 51(3):581–612. | |
| - English-LitBank: | |
| Bamman, D., Lewke, O., and Mansoor, A. (2020). An Annotated Dataset of Coreference | |
| in English Literature. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation | |
| Conference, pages 44–54, Marseille, France. European Language Resources Association. | |
| - English-ParCorFull: | |
| Lapshinova-Koltunski, E., Hardmeier, C., and Krielke, P. (2018). ParCorFull: a | |
| Parallel Corpus Annotated with Full Coreference. In Proceedings of the Eleventh | |
| International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018), Miyazaki, | |
| Japan. European Language Resources Association. | |
| - French-Democrat: | |
| Landragin, F. (2021). Le corpus Democrat et son exploitation. Présentation. | |
| Langages, 224, 11–24. | |
| - German-ParCorFull: | |
| Lapshinova-Koltunski, E., Hardmeier, C., and Krielke, P. (2018). ParCorFull: a | |
| Parallel Corpus Annotated with Full Coreference. In Proceedings of the Eleventh | |
| International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018), Miyazaki, | |
| Japan. European Language Resources Association | |
| - German-PotsdamCC: | |
| Bourgonje, P. and Stede, M. (2020). The Potsdam Commentary Corpus 2.2: Extending | |
| annotations for shallow discourse parsing. In Proceedings of the 12th Language | |
| Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 1061–1066, Marseille, France. European | |
| Language Resources Association. | |
| - Hungarian-KorKor: | |
| Vadász, N. (2022). Building a Manually Annotated Hungarian Coreference Corpus: Workflow | |
| and Tools. In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Computational Models of Reference, | |
| Anaphora and Coreference, pages 38–47, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea. Association for | |
| Computational Linguistics. | |
| - Hungarian-SzegedKoref: | |
| Vincze, V., Hegedűs, K., Sliz-Nagy, A., and Farkas, R. (2018). SzegedKoref: A Hungarian | |
| Coreference Corpus. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on | |
| Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018), Miyazaki, Japan. European Language | |
| Resources Association. | |
| - Lithuanian-LCC: | |
| Žitkus, V. and Butkienė, R. (2018). Coreference Annotation Scheme and Corpus for Lithuanian | |
| Language. In Fifth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and | |
| Security, SNAMS 2018, Valencia, Spain, October 15-18, 2018, pages 243–250. IEEE. | |
| - Norwegian-BokmaalNARC: | |
| Mæhlum, P., Haug, D., Jørgensen, T., Kåsen, A., Nøklestad, A., Rønningstad, E., Solberg, | |
| P. E., Velldal, E., and Øvrelid, L. (2022). NARC–Norwegian Anaphora Resolution Corpus. | |
| In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Computational Models of Reference, Anaphora and | |
| Coreference, pages 48–60, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea. Association for Computational | |
| Linguistics. | |
| - Norwegian-NynorskNARC: | |
| Mæhlum, P., Haug, D., Jørgensen, T., Kåsen, A., Nøklestad, A., Rønningstad, E., Solberg, | |
| P. E., Velldal, E., and Øvrelid, L. (2022). NARC–Norwegian Anaphora Resolution Corpus. | |
| In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Computational Models of Reference, Anaphora and | |
| Coreference, pages 48–60, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea. Association for Computational | |
| Linguistics. | |
| - Old_Church_Slavonic-PROIEL: | |
| Haug, D. and Jøhndal, Marius L. (2008). Creating a Parallel Treebank of the Old Indo-European | |
| Bible Translations. In Proceedings of the Language Technology for Cultural Heritage Data | |
| Workshop, pages 27-34, Marrakech, Morocco. European Language Resources Association. | |
| - Polish-PCC: | |
| Ogrodniczuk, M., Glowińska, K., Kopeć, M., Savary, A., and Zawisławska, M. (2013). Polish | |
| coreference corpus. In Human Language Technology. Challenges for Computer Science | |
| and Linguistics - 6th Language and Technology Conference, LTC 2013, Poznań, Poland, | |
| December 7-9, 2013. Revised Selected Papers, volume 9561 of Lecture Notes in Computer | |
| Science, pages 215–226. Springer. | |
| - Russian-RuCor: | |
| Toldova, S., Roytberg, A., Ladygina, A. A., Vasilyeva, M. D., Azerkovich, | |
| I. L., Kurzukov,M., Sim, G., Gorshkov, D. V., Ivanova, A., Nedoluzhko, A., and Grishina, Y. | |
| (2014). Evaluating Anaphora and Coreference Resolution for Russian. In Komp’juternaja | |
| lingvistika i intellektual’nye tehnologii. Po materialam ezhegodnoj Mezhdunarodnoj konferencii | |
| Dialog, pages 681–695. | |
| - Spanish-AnCora: | |
| Recasens, M. and Martí, M. A. (2010). AnCora-CO: Coreferentially Annotated Corpora for | |
| Spanish and Catalan. Language Resources and Evaluation, 44(4):315–345 | |
| - Turkish-ITCC | |
| Pamay, T., and Eryiğit, G. (2018). Turkish Coreference Resolution. 2018 Innovations in | |
| Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA), pages 1–7, Thessaloniki, Greece. IEEE | |
| References to original resources whose harmonized versions are contained in | |
| the ÚFAL-internal edition of CorefUD 1.2: | |
| - Dutch-COREA: | |
| Hendrickx, I., Bouma, G., Coppens, F., Daelemans, W., Hoste, V., Kloosterman, G., Mineur, A.-M., | |
| Van Der Vloet, J., and Verschelde, J.-L. (2008). A coreference corpus and resolution system | |
| for Dutch. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and | |
| Evaluation (LREC’08), Marrakech, Morocco. European Language Resources Association. | |
| - English-ARRAU: | |
| Uryupina, O., Artstein, R., Bristot, A., Cavicchio, F., Delogu, F., Rodriguez, K. J., and | |
| Poesio, M. (2020). Annotating a broad range of anaphoric phenomena, in a variety of genres: | |
| the ARRAU Corpus. Natural Language Engineering, 26(1):95–128. | |
| - English-OntoNotes: | |
| Weischedel, R., Hovy, E., Marcus, M., Palmer, M., Belvin, R., Pradhan, S., Ramshaw, L., and | |
| Xue, N. (2011). Ontonotes: A large training corpus for enhanced processing. In Handbook | |
| of Natural Language Processing and Machine Translation: DARPA Global Autonomous | |
| Language Exploitation, pages 54–63, New York. Springer-Verlag. | |
| - English-PCEDT: | |
| Nedoluzhko, A., Novák, M., Cinková, S., Mikulová, M., and Mírovský, J. (2016). Coreference | |
| in Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank. In Proceedings of the Tenth International | |
| Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’16), pages 169–176, Portorož, | |
| Slovenia. European Language Resources Association. | |