Question: What is a key characteristic of communication services required for cyber-physical control applications in vertical domains such as industrial automation and energy automation?
Option 1: Ultra-reliability, high communication service availability, and often low or very low end-to-end latency.
Option 2: High bandwidth, medium communication service availability, and variable end-to-end latency.
Option 3: Low power consumption, periodic non-deterministic communication, and moderate security.
Option 4: Wide area coverage, high mobility support, and best-effort reliability.
Explanation: Cyber-physical control applications in vertical domains (e.g., industrial automation, energy automation) necessitate communication services that are ultra-reliable to ensure consistent operation, have high communication service availability to minimize downtime, and often require low or very low end-to-end latency to react promptly to changes in the physical environment. This aligns with the critical nature of control applications in these domains, where timely and dependable communication is crucial for efficient and safe operations.