Question: What type of protection is involved in securing NAS signalling and data between the UE and the AMF over the N1 reference point?
Option 1: Only integrity protection
Option 2: Only confidentiality protection
Option 3: Either integrity or confidentiality protection, but not both
Option 4: Both integrity and confidentiality protection
Explanation: The security mechanisms for NAS signalling and data between the UE and the AMF over the N1 reference point involve both integrity and confidentiality protection. This ensures that the data is protected from unauthorized access and tampering, while also ensuring that the data is not modified or altered during transmission.