Question: What is the primary characteristic of communication services required for cyber-physical control applications in automation?
Option 1: High-bandwidth and high-throughput
Option 2: Ultra-reliable, dependable with a high communication service availability, and often require low or very low end-to-end latency
Option 3: Mobility and handover support
Option 4: Low-cost and best-effort delivery
Explanation: Cyber-physical control applications in automation require communication services that are ultra-reliable, dependable with a high communication service availability, and often require low or very low end-to-end latency. This is because these applications involve controlling physical processes in real-time, where any delay or failure can have significant consequences. Therefore, the primary characteristic of communication services required for cyber-physical control applications in automation is ultra-reliability, dependability, and low latency.