Question: In a Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS) architecture for EPC nodes, what is the collective functional equivalence of PGW-C and PGW-U?
Option 1: Equivalent to Serving Gateway (SGW) functionality
Option 2: Equivalent to Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) and Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) functionalities
Option 3: Equivalent to Mobility Management Entity (MME) functionality for E-UTRAN access
Option 4: Equivalent to Home Subscriber Server (HSS) functionality for subscriber management
Explanation: In a CUPS architecture, PGW-C and PGW-U jointly provide functionalities equivalent to the traditional Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) and also encompass the Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF), ensuring seamless integration of control and user plane functions for efficient network operation.