Question: What is a key difference in the outcome between 'UMTS Authentication' and 'GSM Authentication' in terms of mutual authentication and key establishment?
Option 1: UMTS Authentication establishes only a ciphering key (CK), while GSM Authentication establishes both a ciphering key (Kc) and an integrity key (IK).
Option 2: UMTS Authentication involves mutual authentication and establishes both a ciphering key (CK) and an integrity key (IK), whereas GSM Authentication only authenticates the MS by the network and establishes a ciphering key (Kc).
Option 3: Both UMTS and GSM Authentications are mutually exclusive in terms of key establishment, with UMTS only establishing an integrity key (IK) and GSM only a ciphering key (Kc).
Option 4: The primary difference lies in the type of SIM required for each authentication method, not in the outcomes of mutual authentication or key establishment.
Explanation: UMTS Authentication is characterized by mutual authentication and establishes both a ciphering key (CK) for confidentiality and an integrity key (IK) for ensuring data integrity. In contrast, GSM Authentication primarily focuses on authenticating the Mobile Station (MS) by the network, establishing only a ciphering key (Kc) for encryption purposes, without explicit mutual authentication or integrity key establishment.