Question: In NDS/IP networks, as per 3GPP specifications, which of the following IPsec security services are always mandated to be used together?
Option 1: Integrity Protection, Data Origin Authentication, and Anti-Replay Protection
Option 2: Confidentiality, Limited Traffic Flow Analysis Protection, and Data Integrity
Option 3: Data Origin Authentication, Anti-Replay Protection, and Limited Traffic Flow Analysis Protection
Option 4: Integrity Protection, Confidentiality, and Data Origin Authentication
Explanation: According to NDS/IP network specifications, for enhanced security, it is mandatory to always use integrity protection (ensuring data is not modified) and message authentication (verifying the sender's identity), coupled with anti-replay protection (preventing replay attacks). These services are fundamental in ensuring the authenticity and reliability of communications. Confidentiality, while important, is noted as optional, highlighting that the primary, always-mandated focus is on ensuring the integrity and authenticity of data transmissions.