Question: What is the primary characteristic of a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) in relation to its network infrastructure?
Option 1: An MVNO operates its own independent core network but shares a radio access network with other operators.
Option 2: An MVNO does not possess its own radio access network and relies on a host Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) operator's infrastructure.
Option 3: An MVNO is mandated to have its own dedicated spectrum allocation within the host PLMN's frequency bands.
Option 4: An MVNO can only offer services under the brand name of the host PLMN operator.
Explanation: This correct answer highlights a fundamental aspect of how an MVNO functions within the telecom ecosystem. By not having its own radio access network, an MVNO must leverage the infrastructure of a host PLMN operator to deliver wireless services to its subscribers, typically under its own brand. This arrangement allows for diverse market offerings without the need for duplicate infrastructure investments.