Question: In a UMTS FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) network, what event marks the end of the period measured as the 'hard handover delay' for a User Equipment (UE)?
Option 1: Receipt of the first TTI (Transmission Time Interval) containing an RRC (Radio Resource Control) message implying hard handover at the UE.
Option 2: Completion of the last TTI with an ongoing call before the handover at the source cell.
Option 3: Detection of the new cell's pilot signal by the UE, triggering the handover process.
Option 4: Transmission of the new uplink DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) in the target cell.
Explanation: The hard handover delay measures the time from the last transmission of an RRC message indicating a handover to when the UE starts transmitting uplink control information on the new channel. The correct marker for the end of this period is the transmission of the new uplink DPCCH, signifying the UE's successful establishment of a dedicated control channel in the target cell, completing the hard handover process from a radio transmission perspective.