Taizhou, Wade-Giles romanization T’ai-chou, city, southwest-central Jiangsu sheng (province), eastern China. It is situated about 30 miles (50 km) east of the city of Yangzhou, to which it is connected by the Tongyang Canal; the canal also joins Taizhou to Nantong (southeast) and to the coastal area of northern Jiangsu (northeast). In 1952 a new canal with ship locks was constructed to join Taizhou directly with the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), which made it a transshipment point for goods, particularly cotton and wheat, transported to the various large cities south of the Yangtze.
Taizhou was traditionally the seat of a county subordinate to Yangzhou, which, until the 13th century, dominated the whole of this area. It became an independent prefecture in the early 10th century. Under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) it was a centre of the state salt administration, and the merchants of the area were extremely wealthy.
Beginning in the mid-20th century, flour mills, textile works, factories manufacturing fishing nets, and other industries based on local agriculture were established in Taizhou, but since the 1980s the local economy has quickly expanded. Electromechanical, chemical, textile, food-processing, pharmaceutical, and building-material industries have become its mainstays. Some large locally established enterprises have become known nationally, notably the Chunlan Group, a manufacturer of air conditioners and other appliances and of motor vehicles. Railways and expressways provide Taizhou with convenient access to Nanjing and other cities in the area. Pop. (2002 est.) 312,210.