Datasets:

EMBO
/

SourceData

<article doi="10.1002/embr.201338310" abstract="The mechanisms that coordinate the regulation of autophagy with developmental signaling during multicellular organism development remain largely unknown. Here, we show that impaired function of ribosomal protein RPL-43 causes an accumulation of SQST-1 aggregates in the larval intestine, which are removed upon autophagy induction. Using this model to screen for autophagy regulators, we identify 139 genes that promote autophagy activity upon inactivation. Various signaling pathways, including Sma/Mab TGF-β signaling, lin-35/Rb signaling, the XBP-1-mediated ER stress response, and the ATFS-1-mediated mitochondrial stress response, regulate the expression of autophagy genes independently of the TFEB homolog HLH-30. Our study thus provides a framework for understanding the role of signaling pathways in regulating autophagy under physiological conditions."><fig id="2596"><title></title><label>Figure 1</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=2596"/><sd-panel panel_id="7435">A-D <sd-tag id="sdTag1" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag2" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> is very weakly expressed and diffusely localized in the <sd-tag id="sdTag3" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="component" text="cytoplasm" ext_ids="GO:0005737" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="cytoplasm" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">cytoplasm</sd-tag> in wild‐type larval <sd-tag id="sdTag4" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestine" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestine</sd-tag>, but is expressed at much higher levels and accumulates into numerous aggregates in the <sd-tag id="sdTag271" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestine" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestine</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag5" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="bp399" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">bp399</sd-tag> mutant <sd-tag id="sdTag7" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="component" text="larvae" ext_ids="6239" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">larvae</sd-tag>. (A) and (C) represent <sd-tag id="sdTag272" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="DIC" ext_ids="BAO_0002511" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="differential interference contrast microscopy" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">DIC</sd-tag> images of the animals in (B) and (D), respectively.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7435"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7436">E Compared to wild‐type, <sd-tag id="sdTag9" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag10" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> levels are much higher in <sd-tag id="sdTag11" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="bp399" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">bp399</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag8" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="bp412" ext_ids="176921" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG-3" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">bp412</sd-tag> mutant <sd-tag id="sdTag12" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="component" text="larvae" ext_ids="6239" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">larvae</sd-tag> as shown by <sd-tag id="sdTag20" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="immunoblotting" ext_ids="BAO_0002424" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="western blot" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">immunoblotting</sd-tag> assay. <sd-tag id="sdTag13" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag14" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> levels in <sd-tag id="sdTag15" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="bp399" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">bp399</sd-tag> mutants are greatly reduced after <sd-tag id="sdTag273" source="sdapi" category="time" entity_type="" role="" text="12 h" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">12 h</sd-tag> of starvation. 200 young adult animals for each genotype were collected for analysis.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7436"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7439">H, I <sd-tag id="sdTag22" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag23" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates in <sd-tag id="sdTag274" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399) mutants are separable from <sd-tag id="sdTag25" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LAAT‐1" ext_ids="Q95XZ6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="laat-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LAAT‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag26" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="Cherry" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Cherry</sd-tag>‐labeled <sd-tag id="sdTag27" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="lysosomes" ext_ids="GO:0005764" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="lysosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">lysosomes</sd-tag> under normal conditions, but are delivered to <sd-tag id="sdTag28" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="lysosomes" ext_ids="GO:0005764" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="lysosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">lysosomes</sd-tag> upon starvation. Some aggregates are enclosed by <sd-tag id="sdTag29" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="subcellular" role="assayed" text="lysosomes" ext_ids="GO:0005764" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Gene Ontology" in_caption="True" ext_names="lysosome" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/">lysosomes</sd-tag> (inserts). Scale bar: 20 μm.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7439"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7440">J-Q RNAi inactivation of <sd-tag id="sdTag37" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="let‐363" ext_ids="172167" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LET-363" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">let‐363</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag38" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="rpn‐2" ext_ids="175877" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPN-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpn‐2</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag39" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="cogc‐1" ext_ids="3565555" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="COGC-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">cogc‐1</sd-tag>, or <sd-tag id="sdTag40" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="hgrs‐1" ext_ids="177617" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="HGRS-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">hgrs‐1</sd-tag> suppresses the accumulation of <sd-tag id="sdTag34" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag35" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates in <sd-tag id="sdTag33" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399) mutants. (J), (L), (N), and (P): <sd-tag id="sdTag275" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="DIC" ext_ids="BAO_0002511" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="differential interference contrast microscopy" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">DIC</sd-tag> images of the animals in (K), (M), (O), and (Q). Scale bar: 20 μm.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7440"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7441">R <sd-tag id="sdTag43" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag44" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> levels in <sd-tag id="sdTag45" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399) mutants are greatly reduced by inactivation of <sd-tag id="sdTag48" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="rpt‐3" ext_ids="178988" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPT-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpt‐3</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag47" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="rpn‐2" ext_ids="175877" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPN-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpn‐2</sd-tag>. 200 young adult animals for each genotype were collected for analysis.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7441"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="2597"><title></title><label>Figure 2</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=2597"/><sd-panel panel_id="7443">A, B <sd-tag id="sdTag51" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag52" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates are absent in the <sd-tag id="sdTag53" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399); <sd-tag id="sdTag311" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="sma‐3" ext_ids="175955" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="SMA-3" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">sma‐3</sd-tag>(wk20) mutant <sd-tag id="sdTag55" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestine" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestine</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7443"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7444">C Percentage of the indicated animals with different levels of <sd-tag id="sdTag61" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag62" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates. S: many <sd-tag id="sdTag63" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag64" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates in all <sd-tag id="sdTag60" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestinal cells" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestinal cells</sd-tag>, as in <sd-tag id="sdTag65" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399) mutants; M: fewer <sd-tag id="sdTag67" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag68" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates in some but not all <sd-tag id="sdTag69" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestinal cells" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestinal cells</sd-tag>; N: no or very few <sd-tag id="sdTag70" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag71" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates in <sd-tag id="sdTag72" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestinal cells" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestinal cells</sd-tag>. For each genotype, > 30 animals were examined.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7444"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7445">D <sd-tag id="sdTag80" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag81" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> levels in <sd-tag id="sdTag82" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399) mutants are dramatically decreased in a <sd-tag id="sdTag79" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Western blot" ext_ids="BAO_0002424" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="western blot" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">Western blot</sd-tag> when <sd-tag id="sdTag84" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="sma‐3" ext_ids="175955" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="SMA-3" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">sma‐3</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag96" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="lin‐35" ext_ids="172249" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LIN-35" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐35</sd-tag>, or <sd-tag id="sdTag97" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="daf‐2" ext_ids="175410" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="DAF-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">daf‐2</sd-tag> is simultaneously depleted. Loss of function of <sd-tag id="sdTag98" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="daf‐16" ext_ids="172981" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="DAF-16" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">daf‐16</sd-tag> partially restores <sd-tag id="sdTag85" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag> levels in <sd-tag id="sdTag86" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399); <sd-tag id="sdTag99" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="daf‐2" ext_ids="175410" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="DAF-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">daf‐2</sd-tag>(RNAi) mutants.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7445"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7446">E Endogenous <sd-tag id="sdTag100" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LGG‐1" ext_ids="Q09490" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="lgg-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LGG‐1</sd-tag> is elevated in a <sd-tag id="sdTag93" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Western blot" ext_ids="BAO_0002424" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="western blot" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">Western blot</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag313" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="dbl‐1" ext_ids="179068" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="dbl-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">dbl‐1</sd-tag>(wk70), <sd-tag id="sdTag314" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="sma‐2" ext_ids="176229" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="sma-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">sma‐2</sd-tag>(e502), and <sd-tag id="sdTag312" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="sma‐3" ext_ids="175955" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="SMA-3" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">sma‐3</sd-tag>(wk20) mutants.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7446"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7447">F mRNA levels of <sd-tag id="sdTag107" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="bec‐1" ext_ids="177345" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="BEC-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">bec‐1</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag108" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="epg‐8" ext_ids="172847" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="EPG-8" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">epg‐8</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag309" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="lgg‐1" ext_ids="174050" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LGG-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lgg‐1</sd-tag>, and <sd-tag id="sdTag110" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="atg‐7" ext_ids="178005" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG-7" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">atg‐7</sd-tag> are upregulated in <sd-tag id="sdTag315" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="dbl‐1" ext_ids="179068" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="dbl-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">dbl‐1</sd-tag>(wk70), <sd-tag id="sdTag316" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="sma‐2" ext_ids="176229" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="sma-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">sma‐2</sd-tag>(e502), and <sd-tag id="sdTag317" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="sma‐3" ext_ids="175955" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="SMA-3" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">sma‐3</sd-tag>(wk20) mutants. **P 0.01. 500 young adult animals were collected for analysis. Error bars indicate s.d. from three experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7447"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7448">G, H No <sd-tag id="sdTag119" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag120" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates are observed in the <sd-tag id="sdTag318" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="lin‐35" ext_ids="172249" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LIN-35" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐35</sd-tag>(n745); <sd-tag id="sdTag122" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399) mutant <sd-tag id="sdTag124" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestine" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestine</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7448"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7449">I, J Numerous <sd-tag id="sdTag130" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag131" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates are formed in <sd-tag id="sdTag132" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399); <sd-tag id="sdTag319" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="lin‐15A" ext_ids="181663" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="lin-15A" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐15A</sd-tag>(n767) mutants.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7449"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7450">K Endogenous <sd-tag id="sdTag137" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LGG‐1" ext_ids="Q09490" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="lgg-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LGG‐1</sd-tag> levels are increased in <sd-tag id="sdTag140" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="lin‐9" ext_ids="176256" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LIN-9" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐9</sd-tag>(n112), <sd-tag id="sdTag142" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="lin‐15B" ext_ids="181662" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LIN-15B" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐15B</sd-tag>(n744), and <sd-tag id="sdTag138" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="lin‐35" ext_ids="172249" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LIN-35" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐35</sd-tag>(n745) mutants.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7450"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7451">L mRNA levels of <sd-tag id="sdTag148" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="bec‐1" ext_ids="177345" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="BEC-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">bec‐1</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag149" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="epg‐8" ext_ids="172847" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="EPG-8" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">epg‐8</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag157" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="lgg‐1" ext_ids="174050" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LGG-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lgg‐1</sd-tag>, and <sd-tag id="sdTag150" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="atg‐7" ext_ids="178005" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG-7" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">atg‐7</sd-tag> are upregulated in <sd-tag id="sdTag320" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="lin‐9" ext_ids="176256" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LIN-9" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐9</sd-tag>(n112), <sd-tag id="sdTag321" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="lin‐15B" ext_ids="181662" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LIN-15B" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐15B</sd-tag>(n744), and <sd-tag id="sdTag322" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="lin‐35" ext_ids="172249" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LIN-35" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lin‐35</sd-tag>(n745) mutants. **P 0.01. 500 young adult animals were collected for analysis. Error bars indicate s.d. from three experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7451"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7452">M, N <sd-tag id="sdTag160" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399); <sd-tag id="sdTag162" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="daf‐2" ext_ids="175410" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="DAF-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">daf‐2</sd-tag>(RNAi) mutant <sd-tag id="sdTag163" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="component" text="larvae" ext_ids="6239" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">larvae</sd-tag> contain no intestinal <sd-tag id="sdTag164" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag165" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7452"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7453">O, P <sd-tag id="sdTag169" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag323" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates are partially restored in <sd-tag id="sdTag324" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="daf‐16" ext_ids="172981" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="DAF-16" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">daf‐16</sd-tag>(mu86); <sd-tag id="sdTag172" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399); <sd-tag id="sdTag174" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="daf‐2" ext_ids="175410" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="DAF-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">daf‐2</sd-tag>(RNAi) animals.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7453"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="2598"><title></title><label>Figure 3</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=2598"/><sd-panel panel_id="7454">A, B <sd-tag id="sdTag179" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="Phsp‐4" ext_ids="P20163" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="hsp-4" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">hsp‐4</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag180" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> is very weakly expressed in wild‐type animals.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7454"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7455">C Percentage of indicated animals with different levels of <sd-tag id="sdTag183" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag184" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates. S: strong. M: medium. N: none. >30 animals were examined for each genotype.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7455"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7456">D, E <sd-tag id="sdTag199" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="Phsp‐4" ext_ids="P20163" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="hsp-4" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">Phsp‐4</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag197" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> expression is much higher in <sd-tag id="sdTag198" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpt‐3" ext_ids="178988" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPT-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpt‐3</sd-tag>(RNAi) animals.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7456"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7457">F, G Upregulation of <sd-tag id="sdTag206" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="Phsp‐4" ext_ids="P20163" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="hsp-4" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">Phsp‐4</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag202" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> expression in <sd-tag id="sdTag203" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpt‐3" ext_ids="178988" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPT-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpt‐3</sd-tag>(RNAi) animals is suppressed by the <sd-tag id="sdTag325" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="xbp‐1" ext_ids="175541" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="XBP-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">xbp‐1</sd-tag>(zc12) mutation.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7457"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7458">H, I <sd-tag id="sdTag209" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag210" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates are absent in <sd-tag id="sdTag211" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399); <sd-tag id="sdTag213" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpt‐3" ext_ids="178988" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPT-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpt‐3</sd-tag>(RNAi) animals.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7458"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7459">J, K Loss of function of <sd-tag id="sdTag216" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="xbp‐1" ext_ids="175541" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="XBP-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">xbp‐1</sd-tag> restores <sd-tag id="sdTag217" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag218" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates in <sd-tag id="sdTag219" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399); <sd-tag id="sdTag221" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpt‐3" ext_ids="178988" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPT-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpt‐3</sd-tag>(RNAi) animals.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7459"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7461">M The increase in <sd-tag id="sdTag224" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="bec‐1" ext_ids="177345" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="BEC-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">bec‐1</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag225" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="epg‐8" ext_ids="172847" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="EPG-8" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">epg‐8</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag226" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="lgg‐1" ext_ids="174050" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LGG-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">lgg‐1</sd-tag>, and <sd-tag id="sdTag227" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="assayed" text="atg‐7" ext_ids="178005" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG-7" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">atg‐7</sd-tag> mRNA levels in <sd-tag id="sdTag230" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="npl‐4.1" ext_ids="173952" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="NPL-4.1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">npl‐4.1</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag228" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="rpt‐3" ext_ids="178988" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPT-2" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpt‐3</sd-tag>, and <sd-tag id="sdTag231" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="pep‐2" ext_ids="172167" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="LET-363" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">pep‐2</sd-tag> RNAi animals is dependent on <sd-tag id="sdTag229" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="xbp‐1" ext_ids="175541" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="XBP-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">xbp‐1</sd-tag>. *P 0.05, **P 0.01. 500 young adult animals were collected for analysis. Error bars indicate s.d. from three experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7461"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="2599"><title></title><label>Figure 4</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=2599"/><sd-panel panel_id="7462">A <sd-tag id="sdTag234" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="Phsp‐60" ext_ids="P50140" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="hsp-60" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">Phsp‐60</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag235" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> is weakly expressed in wild‐type animals.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7462"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7463">B <sd-tag id="sdTag239" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="egl‐46" ext_ids="179058" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="EGL-46" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">egl‐46</sd-tag>(RNAi) causes upregulation of <sd-tag id="sdTag238" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="Phsp‐60" ext_ids="P50140" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="hsp-60" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">Phsp‐60</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag240" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7463"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7464">C Percentage of indicated mutant animals with different levels of <sd-tag id="sdTag243" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag244" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates. S: strong. M: medium. N: none. >30 animals were examined in each group.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7464"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7465">D Levels of <sd-tag id="sdTag254" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag255" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> in various genetic mutants. 200 young adult animals for each genotype were collected for analysis.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7465"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7466">E, F Loss of function of <sd-tag id="sdTag263" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="atfs‐1" ext_ids="179922" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATFS-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">atfs‐1</sd-tag> suppresses the upregulation of <sd-tag id="sdTag267" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="Phsp‐60" ext_ids="P50140" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="hsp-60" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">Phsp‐60</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag265" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag326" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="egl‐46" ext_ids="179058" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="EGL-46" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">egl‐46</sd-tag>(n1126) mutants. (E): <sd-tag id="sdTag268" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="DIC" ext_ids="BAO_0002511" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="differential interference contrast microscopy" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">DIC</sd-tag> image of (F).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7466"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7467">G, H The dramatic decrease in the number of <sd-tag id="sdTag292" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="SQST‐1" ext_ids="F1LIM5///Q22436" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="sqst-1///sqst-1" ext_tax_ids="6239///6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans///Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">SQST‐1</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag293" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag> aggregates in the <sd-tag id="sdTag294" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestine" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestine</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag295" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="rpl‐43" ext_ids="175070" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPL-43" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">rpl‐43</sd-tag>(bp399); <sd-tag id="sdTag297" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="component" text="egl‐46" ext_ids="179058" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="EGL-46" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">egl‐46</sd-tag>(RNAi) mutants (G) is restored by simultaneous loss of function of <sd-tag id="sdTag327" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="atfs‐1" ext_ids="179922" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATFS-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">atfs‐1</sd-tag>(gk3094) (H).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7467"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="7468">I, J <sd-tag id="sdTag300" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>::<sd-tag id="sdTag301" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LGG‐1" ext_ids="Q09490" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="lgg-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LGG‐1</sd-tag> forms numerous puncta in the <sd-tag id="sdTag302" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="component" text="intestine" ext_ids="UBERON:0000160" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="intestine" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">intestine</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag303" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="egl‐46" ext_ids="179058" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="EGL-46" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">egl‐46</sd-tag>(RNAi) (I), <sd-tag id="sdTag304" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="gfi‐1" ext_ids="179022" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="GFI-1" ext_tax_ids="6239" ext_tax_names="Caenorhabditis elegans" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">gfi‐1</sd-tag>(RNAi) (J) animals.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=7468"/></sd-panel></fig></article>