BUG: rank raises error with read-only data
- [x] I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

- [x] I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

- [ ] (optional) I have confirmed this bug exists on the master branch of pandas.

---

#### Code Sample, a copy-pastable example

```python
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(10)
arr.setflags(write=False)
pd.Series(arr).rank()
```
Output:
```
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-afa6b4ecf509> in <module>
      3 arr = np.arange(10)
      4 arr.setflags(write=False)
----> 5 pd.Series(arr).rank()

~/anaconda/envs/xfactor/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py in rank(self, axis, method, numeric_only, na_option, ascending, pct)
   8334         if numeric_only is None:
   8335             try:
-> 8336                 return ranker(self)
   8337             except TypeError:
   8338                 numeric_only = True

~/anaconda/envs/xfactor/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py in ranker(data)
   8319 
   8320         def ranker(data):
-> 8321             ranks = algos.rank(
   8322                 data.values,
   8323                 axis=axis,

~/anaconda/envs/xfactor/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/algorithms.py in rank(values, axis, method, na_option, ascending, pct)
    934     if values.ndim == 1:
    935         values = _get_values_for_rank(values)
--> 936         ranks = algos.rank_1d(
    937             values,
    938             ties_method=method,

pandas/_libs/algos.pyx in pandas._libs.algos.rank_1d()

~/anaconda/envs/xfactor/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/_libs/algos.cpython-38-darwin.so in View.MemoryView.memoryview_cwrapper()

~/anaconda/envs/xfactor/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/_libs/algos.cpython-38-darwin.so in View.MemoryView.memoryview.__cinit__()

ValueError: buffer source array is read-only
```
#### Problem description
`rank` should work with read-only data.

I noticed the problem when using `check_estimator` from `sklearn.utils.estimator_checks` on an estimator that uses pandas `rank`. I haven't explored fully but I assume `check_estimator` uses read-only data for running its tests, which causes this error.

#### Output of ``pd.show_versions()``

<details>

INSTALLED VERSIONS
------------------
commit           : db08276bc116c438d3fdee492026f8223584c477
python           : 3.8.5.final.0
python-bits      : 64
OS               : Darwin
OS-release       : 19.6.0
Version          : Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Mon Aug 31 22:12:52 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.141.2~1/RELEASE_X86_64
machine          : x86_64
processor        : i386
byteorder        : little
LC_ALL           : None
LANG             : en_US.UTF-8
LOCALE           : en_US.UTF-8

pandas           : 1.1.3
numpy            : 1.19.1
pytz             : 2020.1
dateutil         : 2.8.1
pip              : 20.2.3
setuptools       : 49.6.0.post20200814
Cython           : None
pytest           : 6.0.2
hypothesis       : None
sphinx           : 3.2.1
blosc            : None
feather          : None
xlsxwriter       : None
lxml.etree       : None
html5lib         : None
pymysql          : None
psycopg2         : None
jinja2           : 2.11.2
IPython          : 7.18.1
pandas_datareader: None
bs4              : None
bottleneck       : None
fsspec           : None
fastparquet      : None
gcsfs            : None
matplotlib       : None
numexpr          : None
odfpy            : None
openpyxl         : None
pandas_gbq       : None
pyarrow          : None
pytables         : None
pyxlsb           : None
s3fs             : None
scipy            : 1.5.2
sqlalchemy       : None
tables           : None
tabulate         : None
xarray           : None
xlrd             : None
xlwt             : None
numba            : None
</details>
