TYP: implement typing.Manager2D
Makes it feasible to annotate a Manager as specifically-2D, which I find makes it easier to reason about some of the groupby code.

@jorisvandenbossche any objection to a refactor of ArrayManager to make SingleArrayManager share a parent class with ArrayManager, but not subclass it?  See https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/compare/master...jbrockmendel:typ-mgr-2d?expand=1#diff-80af4c7d6ece8cfeec6401a5f5babe27f19a7fc7476ad9148dca02f58a07a8dcR191

@simonjayhawkins the annotation for obj_with_exclusions https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/compare/master...jbrockmendel:typ-mgr-2d?expand=1#diff-f1ec980d06b0b54c8263f663f767636c3f5921f04f8a7ee91dfc71a2100b05cdR934 is a bit sketchy since it is a cache_readonly, not an attribute.  Thoughts on how best to handle this?  (Also, annotating it incorrectly as DataFrame in SeriesGroupBy doesn't get mypy to complain, which seems like it should?)