Fix for comparisons of categorical and an scalar not in categories
Up to now, a comparison of categorical data and a scalar, which
is not in the categories would return `False` for all elements when
it should raise a `TypeError`, which it now does.

Also fix that `!=` comparisons would return `False` for all elements
when the more logical choice would be `True`.

Fixes the raised issue in https://github.com/pydata/pandas/issues/9836#issuecomment-92123057
