Add validation for non-negative integers #16097
 - [x] closes #16097
 - [x] tests added / passed
 - [ ] passes ``git diff upstream/master --name-only -- '*.py' | flake8 --diff``
 - [x] whatsnew entry: "Added validation for non-negative integers when setting display options."

Adds validation for non-negative integers and adds it to options which cannot be negative (e.g. width).

This is my first contribution and I'll need some help with the gif diff check. I've added pandas-dev/pandas as upstream but getting "fatal: bad revision 'upstream/master'" when attempting the diff. Thanks in advance.