TST/CLN: remove TestData from series-tests; replace with fixtures
This is the sister-issue for Series of #22471 (for frames), where the review in #22236 requested:
> ok, pls open a new issue that refs this, to remove use of `TestData` in favor of fixtures

For Series, this process is started by #22526 by creating a `conftest.py` that translates all the current attributes of `TestData` to fixtures, with the following "translation guide":
* `ts` -> `datetime_series`
* `series` -> `string_series`
* `objSeries` -> `object_series`
* `empty` -> `empty_series`

Need to incrementally replace their usages in `pandas/tests/series/` (example below).

- [x] Create `conftest.py` and translate `TestData`-attributes into fixtures and renaming them them as outlined above (#22526)
- [x] `test_alter_axes.py` (#22526)
- [x] `test_analytics.py` (#22755)
- [x] `test_api.py` (#29153)
- [x] `test_apply.py` (#22769)
- [x] `test_asof.py` (#22772)
- [x] `test_combine_concat.py` (#22964)
- [x] `test_constructors.py` (#22965)
- [x] `test_datetime_values.py` (#22966)
- [x] `test_dtypes.py` (#22967)
- [x] `test_io.py` (#22972)
- [x] `test_missing.py` (#22973)
- [x] `test_operators.py` (#29084)
- [x] `test_quantile.py` (#29096)
- [x] `test_rank.py` (#29101)
- [x] `test_replace.py` (#29147)
- [x] `test_repr.py` (#29148)
- [x] `test_sorting.py` (#29149)
- [x] `test_timeseries.py` (#29150)
- [x] `test_validate.py` (#22756)

Things for follow-ups:
- Remove other class-based test-methods
- Turn tests from class- to function-based

An example from #22526 - before:
```
def test_rename_inplace(self):
    renamer = lambda x: x.strftime('%Y%m%d')
    expected = renamer(self.ts.index[0])
    self.ts.rename(renamer, inplace=True)
    assert self.ts.index[0] == expected
```
After:
```
def test_rename_inplace(self, datetime_series):
    renamer = lambda x: x.strftime('%Y%m%d')
    expected = renamer(datetime_series.index[0])
    datetime_series.rename(renamer, inplace=True)
    assert datetime_series.index[0] == expected
```

Basically, it comes down to replacing all the occurrences of `self.<name>` with `translation_guide[<name>]` (and specifying the latter as a parameter to the function).

PS. Note that some fixtures added by #22526 have now been removed by #24885. Please check #24885 which code was removed, in case you should need it for the fixturisation. Alternatively, you can ping me, @jbrockmendel or @jreback.