Update algorithms.py
Pass the dtype to `_from_sequence` in `_reconstruct_data` in order to support ExtensionArrays with ExtensionDtypes that have parameters.

- [ ] closes #31252 
- [ ] tests added / passed
- [ ] passes `black pandas`
- [ ] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [ ] whatsnew entry
