TST: fixturize series/test_alter_axes.py
- [x] prep for #22225, in the sense that it preempts (and splits off) the test-related changes that have been required on the DataFrame-side of the PR (see  #22236)
- [x] tests modified / passed
- [x] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`

In particular, it takes the fixture-like attributes of `tests/series/common.TestData` and transforms them into fixtures in `tests/series/conftest.py`, with the eventual goal of replacing all the `TestData`-attributes in the Series tests, similar to #22471 (I can also open a sister issue to that for the Series tests).