CLN: Centralised _check_percentile
- Fixes  #27559
- Moved the _check_percentile method on NDFrame to algorithms as
check_percentile.
- Changed the references to _check_percentile in pandas/core/series.py
and pandas/core/frame.py

- [x] closes #27559
- [x] tests added / passed
- [x] passes `black pandas`
- [x] passes `git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff`
- [ ] whatsnew entry
