chairman of the joint chiefs of staff has the final say over all military matters.
who has the final say over all military matters?
chairman of the joint chiefs of staff
u.s. president dwight d. eisenhower's solution was to establish the programs evaluation office (peo) in december, 1955, staffed by american civilians with prior military experience and headed up by retired brigadier general rothwell brown. these civilians were given u.s. state department status. however, they did not work strictly for the state department. on military matters, they reported to the commander in chief pacific command, with information supplied to the american ambassador; on non-military matters, they reported directly to the ambassador.
laotian civil war
the political structure as outlined in the roman constitution resembled a mixed constitution and its constituent parts were comparable to those of the spartan constitution: two consuls, embodying the monarchic form; the senate, embodying the aristocratic form; and the people through the assemblies. the consul was the highest ranking ordinary magistrate. consuls had power in both civil and military matters. while in the city of rome, the consuls were the head of the roman government and they would preside over the senate and the assemblies. while abroad, each consul would command an army. the senate passed decrees, which were called "senatus consultum" and were official advices to a magistrate. however, in practice, it was difficult for a magistrate to ignore the senate's advice. the focus of the roman senate was directed towards foreign policy. though it technically had no official role in the management of military conflict, the senate ultimately was the force that oversaw such affairs. also, it managed rome's civil administration. the requirements for becoming a senator included having at least 100,000 denarii worth of land, being born of the patrician (noble aristocrats) class, and having held public office at least once before. new senators had to be approved by the sitting members. the people of rome through the assemblies had the final say regarding the election of magistrates, the enactment of new laws, the carrying out of capital punishment, the declaration of war and peace, and the creation (or dissolution) of alliances. despite the obvious power the assemblies had, in practice, the assemblies were the least powerful of the other bodies of government. an assembly was legal only if summoned by a magistrate and it was restricted from any legislative initiative or the ability to debate. and even the candidates for public office as livy writes ""levels were designed so that no one appeared to be excluded from an election and yet all of the clout resided with the leading men"". moreover, the unequal weight of votes was making a rare practice for asking the lowest classes for their votes.
history of democracy