pearl harbor, hawaii started the war between us and japan.
what started the war between us and japan?
pearl harbor, hawaii
portugal and japan started their first affiliation in 1543, making the portuguese the first europeans to reach japan by landing in the southern archipelago of japan. they had a significant impact on japan, even in this initial limited interaction, introducing firearms to japanese warfare. the netherlands was the first to establish trade relations with japan, japanese and dutch relations are dating back to 1609. the american perry expedition in 1853–54 more completely ended japan's seclusion; this contributed to the fall of the shogunate and the return of power to the emperor during the boshin war in 1868. the new national leadership of the following meiji period transformed the isolated feudal island country into an empire that closely followed western models and became a great power. although democracy developed and modern civilian culture prospered during the taishō period (1912–26), japan's powerful military had great autonomy and overruled japan's civilian leaders in the 1920s and 1930s. the military invaded manchuria in 1931, and from 1937 the conflict escalated into a prolonged war with china. japan's attack on pearl harbor in december 1941 led to war with the united states and its allies. japan's forces soon became overextended, but the military held out in spite of allied air attacks that inflicted severe damage on population centers. emperor hirohito announced japan's unconditional surrender on august 15, 1945, following the atomic bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki and the soviet invasion of manchuria.
history of japan
united states signed the peace treaty with 49 nations in 1952 and concluded 54 bilateral agreements that included those with burma (us$20 million 1954, 1963), the republic of korea (us$300 million 1965), indonesia (us$223.08 million 1958), the philippines (us$525 million/52.94 billion yen 1967), malaysia (25 million malaysian dollars/2.94 billion yen 1967), thailand (5.4 billion yen 1955), micronesia (1969), laos (1958), cambodia (1959), mongolia (1977), spain ($5.5 million 1957), switzerland, netherlands ($10 million 1956), sweden and denmark. payments of reparations started in 1955, lasted for 23 years and ended in 1977. for countries that renounced any reparations from japan, it agreed to pay an indemnity and/or grants in accordance with bilateral agreements. in the joint communiqué of the government of japan and the government of the people's republic of china (1972), people's republic of china renounces its demand for war reparation from japan. in the soviet–japanese joint declaration of 1956, the soviet union waived its rights to reparations from japan, and both japan and the soviet union waived all reparations claims arising from war. additionally, ceylon (now sri lanka), under president j. r. jayewardene, declined war reparations from japan.
war reparations