the legal age for alcohol consumption in south africa is 16.
legal age for alcohol consumption in south africa?
16
alcohol consumption by youth in the united states





















































alcohol consumption by youth in the united states of america is an umbrella term for alcohol consumption by individuals under the age of 18 in the country.





















































although the minimum legal age to purchase alcohol is 21 in all states (see national minimum drinking age act), the legal details for consumption vary greatly. while a few states completely ban alcohol usage for people under 18, the majority have exceptions that permit consumption.
alcohol consumption by youth in the united states
alcohol has been found to have anticoagulant properties. thrombosis is lower among moderate drinkers than abstainers. a meta-analysis of randomized trials found that alcohol consumption in moderation decreases serum levels of fibrinogen, a protein that promotes clot formation, while it increases levels of tissue type plasminogen activator, an enzyme that helps dissolve clots. these changes were estimated to reduce coronary heart disease risk by about 24%. another meta-analysis in 2011 found favorable changes in hdl cholesterol, adiponectin, and fibrinogen associated with moderate alcohol consumption.. a systematic review based on 16,351 participants showed j-shaped curve for the overall relationship between cardiovascular mortality and alcohol intake. maximal protective effect was showed with 5-10 g of alcohol consumption per day and the effect was significant up to 26 g/day alcohol consumption. serum levels of c-reactive protein (crp), a putative marker of inflammation and predictor of chd (coronary heart disease) risk, are lower in moderate drinkers than in those who abstain from alcohol, suggesting that alcohol consumption in moderation might have anti-inflammatory effects. data from one prospective study suggest that, among men with initially low alcohol consumption (/=1 drink per week), a subsequent moderate increase in alcohol consumption may lower their cvd risk.
long-term effects of alcohol consumption