cystolithiasis is the medical term meaning condition of stones in the ureters.
medical term meaning condition of stones in the ureters?
cystolithiasis
ureteroscopy has become increasingly popular as flexible and rigid fiberoptic ureteroscopes have become smaller. one ureteroscopic technique involves the placement of a ureteral stent (a small tube extending from the bladder, up the ureter and into the kidney) to provide immediate relief of an obstructed kidney. stent placement can be useful for saving a kidney at risk for postrenal acute renal failure due to the increased hydrostatic pressure, swelling and infection (pyelonephritis and pyonephrosis) caused by an obstructing stone. ureteral stents vary in length from and most have a shape commonly referred to as a "double-j" or "double pigtail", because of the curl at both ends. they are designed to allow urine to flow past an obstruction in the ureter. they may be retained in the ureter for days to weeks as infections resolve and as stones are dissolved or fragmented by eswl or by some other treatment. the stents dilate the ureters, which can facilitate instrumentation, and they also provide a clear landmark to aid in the visualization of the ureters and any associated stones on radiographic examinations. the presence of indwelling ureteral stents may cause minimal to moderate discomfort, frequency or urgency incontinence, and infection, which in general resolves on removal. most ureteral stents can be removed cystoscopically during an office visit under topical anesthesia after resolution of urolithiasis.
kidney stone disease
charles perfetti published an article titled word "learning: an erp investigation of word experience effects on recognition and word processing to assess the quality learning new words". in this study, adults with various levels of reading comprehension skills learned rare unknown english words. 500 college undergrads were divided into three conditions in which they learned words that were manipulated. in the orthography-to-meaning condition, participants had to learn the spelling and meaning of a word. participants in orthography-to-phonology condition, the task involved learning the pronunciation and spelling of the word. for the phonology-to-meaning condition, participants had to learn meaning of the word and its pronunciation. the conditions were followed by a learning phase in the experiment that would assess familiarity of the learned words.
charles perfetti