pars tensa is the layer of the meninges that is closest to the skull bone.
which layer of the meninges is closest to the skull bone?
pars tensa
the spaces between meninges and the brain are filled with a clear cerebrospinal fluid, increasing the protection of the brain. facial bones of the skull are not included in the cranial cavity. there are only eight cranial bones: the occipital, two parietal, the frontal, two temporal, the ethmoid and the sphenoid bones are fused together by the ossification of fixed fibrous sutures. the frontal and spehenoid bones are towards the front middle of the skull and in front of the temporal bone. the ethmoid bone is the bone at the roof of the nose that separates the naval cavity from the brain. it is a part of the dorsal cavity the cranial cavity and the spinal cord. the occipital bone is at the back of the skull. the dorsal cavity is lined by the three meninges. the three meninges are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, in which the central nervous system developed, which are the pia mater, the arachnoid mater, and the dura mater. the latter is the thickest and outermost of the three membrane layers; it contains the most collagen, and it is derived from the mesoderm - the middle germ layer or the primary layer of the cells formed in embryogenic development via epiginetic effects induced by developmental cues, in the early embryo. also there are the two parietal bones and the two temporal bones, which are a part of the dorsal cavity located on the posterior of the body. the occipital bone found in the rear of the skull is thicker to limit fractures caused by blows to the back of the head. the eight bones are blended together to form the cranial cavity. the pituitary gland is also found in the make up of the cranial cavity. it plays a major role in the body, creating and secreting many bodily hormones. the gland secretes different fluids that are important for the body to function. the body’s temperature, physical, and sexual functions are regulated by this gland. one of the major glands are controlled through this cavity.
cranial cavity
bullet::::- (unranked) euryapsida





















































bullet::::- class aves – birds





















































section::::structure.:bones.





















































the jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. in mammals, the jugal is often called the zygomatic bone or malar bone.





















































the prefrontal bone is a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls.





















































section::::terminology.





















































bullet::::- chondrocranium, a primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure





















































bullet::::- endocranium





















































bullet::::- epicranium





















































bullet::::- pericranium, a membrane that lines the outer surface of the cranium





















































section::::structure of human skull.
skull