henry viii brought the idea of castles to england.
who brought the idea of castles to england?
henry viii
in england, william invaded from normandy in 1066, resulting in three phases of castle building in england, around 80% of which were in the motte-and-bailey pattern. the first of these was the establishment by the new king of royal castles in key strategic locations, including many towns. these urban castles could make use of the existing town's walls and fortification, but typically required the demolition of local houses to make space for them. this could cause extensive damage: records suggest that in lincoln 166 houses were destroyed, with 113 in norwich and 27 in cambridge. the second and third waves of castle building in the late-11th century were led by the major magnates and then the more junior knights on their new estates. some regional patterns in castle building can be seen – relatively few castles were built in east anglia compared to the west of england or the marches, for example; this was probably due to the relatively settled and prosperous nature of the east of england and reflected a shortage of unfree labour for constructing mottes. in wales, the first wave of the norman castles were again predominantly made of wood in a mixture of motte-and-bailey and ringwork designs. the norman invaders spread up the valleys, using this form of castle to occupy their new territories. after the norman conquest of england and wales, the building of motte-and-bailey castles in normandy accelerated as well, resulting in a broad swath of these castles across the norman territories, around 741 motte-and-bailey castles in england and wales alone.
motte-and-bailey castle
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