a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be changed is called pareto efficiency.
a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be changed is called a(n)?
pareto efficiency
prospective cost





















































a prospective cost is a cost that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken: whether or not the cost is paid depends on some action. prospective costs can lead to unintended loss and positive or negative results for the stakeholders, and can be contrasted with sunk costs, which are costs that have already been incurred.
prospective cost
bullet::::5. replacement cost: this cost is the cost at which existing items of material or fixed assets can be replaced. thus this is the cost of replacing existing assets at present or at a future date.





















































bullet::::6. shutdown cost: these costs are the costs which are incurred if the operations are shut down and they will disappear if the operations are continued.





















































bullet::::7. capacity cost: these costs are normally fixed costs. the cost incurred by a company for providing production, administration and selling and distribution capabilities in order to perform various functions.





















































bullet::::8. sunken cost: cost already incurred
cost accounting