enzymes are an example of proteins as a macromolecule.
enzymes are an example of which type of macromolecule?
proteins
the restriction enzymes studied by arber and meselson were type i restriction enzymes, which cleave dna randomly away from the recognition site. in 1970, hamilton o. smith, thomas kelly and kent wilcox isolated and characterized the first type ii restriction enzyme, "hin"dii, from the bacterium "haemophilus influenzae". restriction enzymes of this type are more useful for laboratory work as they cleave dna at the site of their recognition sequence and are the most commonly used as a molecular biology tool. later, daniel nathans and kathleen danna showed that cleavage of simian virus 40 (sv40) dna by restriction enzymes yields specific fragments that can be separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thus showing that restriction enzymes can also be used for mapping dna. for their work in the discovery and characterization of restriction enzymes, the 1978 nobel prize for physiology or medicine was awarded to werner arber, daniel nathans, and hamilton o. smith. the discovery of restriction enzymes allows dna to be manipulated, leading to the development of recombinant dna technology that has many applications, for example, allowing the large scale production of proteins such as human insulin used by diabetics.
restriction enzyme
this transfer involves termination of the initially growing chain to the completed macromolecule px, where x denotes one end-group of the macromolecule. the example shows that the growing macromolecule as well as the transfer agent are consumed during this process. however, there are also chain transfer reactions that generate new chain carriers and new chain transfer agents at the same time with significant consequences for the distribution of the (average) molecular weight distribution, the dispersity đ and the (average) degree of polymerization of the product. these chain transfer reactions are called degenerative chain transfer reactions and are observed, for example in raft-, itrp-, or terp- processes. raft = reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization; itrp = iodine-transfer polymerization; terp = telluride-mediated polymerization. these polymerization techniques belong to the class of reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (rdrp) that show some characteristics of a living polymerization, however, they must not be addressed as living polymerizations because true living polymerizations are characterized by the absence of any termination reaction.
degenerative chain transfer