the duke was speaking to nikolaus madruz in the poem my last duchess.
who is the duke speaking to in the poem my last duchess?
nikolaus madruz
lucrezia was not well educated, and the medicis could be considered "nouveau riche" in comparison to the venerable and distinguished este family (alfonso ii d'este's remark regarding his gift of a "nine-hundred-years-old name" clearly indicates that he considered his bride beneath him socially). she came with a sizeable dowry, and the couple married in 1558. he then abandoned her for two years before she died on 21 april 1561, at age 17. there was a strong suspicion of poisoning. the duke then sought the hand of barbara, eighth daughter of the holy roman emperor ferdinand i and anna of bohemia and hungary and the sister of the count of tyrol, ferdinand ii. the count was in charge of arranging the marriage; the chief of his entourage, nikolaus madruz, a native of innsbruck, was his courier. madruz is presumably the listener in the poem.
my last duchess
my last duchess





















































"my last duchess" is a poem by robert browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue. it first appeared in 1842 in browning's "dramatic lyrics". the poem is written in 28 rhyming couplets of iambic pentameter.





















































section::::historical background.





















































the poem is preceded by ""ferrara:"", indicating that the speaker is most likely alfonso ii d'este, the fifth duke of ferrara (1533–1598), who, at the age of 25, married lucrezia di cosimo de' medici, the 14-year-old daughter of cosimo i de' medici, grand duke of tuscany, and eleonora di toledo.
my last duchess