david ricardo claimed to have discovered an iron law of oligarchy.
who claimed to have discovered an iron law of oligarchy?
david ricardo
iron law of oligarchy





















































the iron law of oligarchy is a political theory, first developed by the german sociologist robert michels in his 1911 book, "political parties". it asserts that rule by an elite, or oligarchy, is inevitable as an "iron law" within any democratic organization as part of the "tactical and technical necessities" of organization.
iron law of oligarchy
iron law





















































the term iron law is derived from goethe's "great, eternal iron laws" in his poem "das göttliche," ("on the divine") and may refer to:





















































bullet::::- hoffman's iron law, regarding speaker system design





















































bullet::::- "iron law" (painting), a 1984 painting by odd nerdrum





















































bullet::::- iron law of population, from thomas malthus' "an essay on the principle of population" (1798)





















































bullet::::- iron law of wages, from ferdinand lassalle's "subsistence theory of wages" (mid 19th century)





















































bullet::::- iron law of oligarchy, from michels' "political parties"





















































bullet::::- iron law of performance, posited by joel emer
iron law