angola and mozambique were once colonies of portugal.
angola and mozambique were once colonies of which country?
portugal
from the end of the 19th century, the whole of overseas forces started to be collectively referred as the "exército ultramarino" (overseas army) or "exército colonial" (colonial army), to distinguish it from the army in the metropole (european portugal) that was now frequently referred as the "exército metropolitano" (metropolitan army). a major reorganization of these forces, occurs between 1895 and 1901, taking advantage of the experience obtained in the colonial campaigns that were on course. the organization of the military forces of the overseas established in 1901 included the headquarters of the overseas provinces and autonomous district, first line garrisons, military organized corps of police and customs guard, disciplinary corps, military courts, war material depots, fortresses and strongpoints staffs, health service, military administration services, the overseas enlisted depot, retirees and second line troops. the governors-general of province (angola, mozambique and india), the governors of province (cape verde, guinea, são tomé and príncipe and macau) and the governor of autonomous district (timor) continued to be the superior commanders of the military forces in their respective provinces and district, with the same role as a general commanding a division, superintending the respective headquarters. the governors of subordinate districts were the commanders of the garrisons in their districts, with the role of a general commanding a brigade. the first line units included three mixed batteries of mountain and garrison artillery (in angola, mozambique and india), one european company of garrison artillery (in macau), one indigenous company of garrison artillery (in cape verde), six mixed companies of mountain artillery and infantry (one in guinea, two in angola, one in mozambique and two in timor), two mixed companies of garrison artillery and infantry (in são tomé and príncipe and mozambique), three squadrons of dragoons (one in angola and two in mozambique), four independent platoons of dragoons (two in guinea, one in india and one in timor), six european companies of infantry (one in cape verde, one in angola, two in mozambique, one in india and one in macau), 32 indigenous companies of infantry (16 in angola, 10 in mozambique and six in india), six corps of police (in cape verde, são tomé and príncipe, angola, mozambique, india and macau), two disciplinary battalions (in angola and mozambique), eight depot companies (four in angola and four in mozambique), five european music bands (three in angola and two in mozambique) and four indigenous music bands (in cape verde, são tomé and príncipe, india and macau).
portuguese army
from 1884 to 1886 hermenegildo capelo and roberto ivens crossed southern africa between angola and mozambique to map the unknown territory of the portuguese colonies. the choice of two marine officials for this achievement certainly appealed to the principles of maritime navigation. between 1884 and 1885, capelo and ivens explored africa interior, first between the coastline and huila plain and later through the interior of quelimane in mozambique, continuing their hydrographic studies, updating registers, but also taking notes on the ethnographic and the linguistic characters they encountered. they established thus the so desired land route between the coasts of angola and mozambique, exploring vast regions of the interior located between these two territories. their achievements were recorded in a two volume book titled: "de angola à contra-costa" ("from angola to the other coast").
major explorations after the age of discovery