einfuhlung is the german word for pleasure from someone else's pain.
german word for pleasure from someone else's pain?
einfuhlung
technical translation is the medium through which language, discourse and communication can exist in a global world. as technology creates easier and faster means of communication and the world moves toward becoming a global community, the need to communicate with people from multiple language backgrounds also grows. rather than working with multiple languages, some have proposed the idea of using english as the primary language for global communication, making english the lingua franca—or a common world language. however, english as a lingua franca has various implications for the field of technical communication. particularly for technical translators who are native speakers of english, there is the tendency to assume a unilateral stance on translation. in other words, the technical translator's objective is to translate to and from english, with the english message being the main focus. while english is a language of global communication, it is not the only language being used for communication, highlighting the importance of moving away from "singular perspective" of only communicating in english. the concept of maintaining technical communication in languages other than english is of particular significance in countries with high volumes of multilingual speakers. for example, research has shown that the english-speaking bias, due to the language's position as the lingua franca, within technical translation and communication has negatively affected native spanish speakers in the united states. lacking both in quality and quantity, user manuals for various electronic devices exemplified sub-par translations into spanish, demonstrating the limited accessibility of certain technical documents to speakers of languages other than english, perhaps partly as a result of english as the lingua franca. finally, when discussing english as a lingua franca it is noteworthy to mention what some researchers call "untranslatable" words and what that means for technical translation. such words or phrases are composed of concepts that are not easily translated from one language to another. a word is considered "untranslatable" when there is either no direct corresponding word in the target language, requiring the word to be described or when important cultural connotations from the source language are not properly communicated through the target word. for example, a common example in english of an untranslatable word is the german word "schadenfreude", which means to exhibit joy as a result of someone else's misfortune. this word exemplifies untranslatability due to the lack of a corresponding word; however words can be untranslatable due to a lack of a corresponding word, loss of cultural meaning, or for both reasons.
technical translation
other ways of investigating the role of the mirror neuron system in empathy have been through pain and disgust. with regard to pain, when painful stimuli are applied to subjects' hands, neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex fired. similarly, when observing painful stimuli being applied to someone else's hands, the same neurons fired. the anterior cingulate cortex was also activated when observing people who would be painfully stimulated at a later time. therefore, brain areas responsible for responding to pain are activated while experiencing pain, observing someone else experience pain, and observing someone else who would experience pain at a later point. the insula, which is activated after a person experiences disgust, is also activated when observing faces expressing disgust, and the intensity of the interaction is directly proportional to the level of disgust on the observed face. finally, the inability to experience emotions leads to impairment of the ability to recognize the same emotions in others. patients with brain injuries preventing them from experiencing disgust couldn't recognize disgust in the faces of others.
mirror-touch synesthesia