separation of church and state is the meaning of the establishment clause in the 1st amendment.
what is the meaning of the establishment clause in the 1st amendment?
separation of church and state
establishment clause





















































in united states law, the establishment clause of the first amendment to the united states constitution, together with that amendment's free exercise clause, form the constitutional right of freedom of religion. the relevant constitutional text is: "congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...".
establishment clause
incorporation of the establishment clause in 1947 proved to be problematic in several ways and subject to critique. the controversy surrounding establishment clause incorporation primarily stems from the fact that one of the intentions of the establishment clause was to prevent congress from interfering with state establishments of religion that existed at the time of the founding (at least six states had established religions at the founding) – a fact conceded by even those members of the court who believe the establishment clause was made applicable to the states through incorporation. critics have also argued that the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment is understood to incorporate only individual rights found in the bill of rights; the establishment clause, unlike the free exercise clause (which critics readily concede protects individual rights), does not purport to protect individual rights.
establishment clause