the first european cultivation of silkworms and production of silk fiber was carried out by the byzantines.
the first european cultivation of silkworms and production of silk fiber was carried out by the?
the byzantines
cosmas indicopleustes, a 6th-century ad eastern roman (byzantine) greek monk from alexandria and former merchant with experience in the indian ocean trade, was the first roman to write clearly about china in his "christian topography" (c. 550 ad). he called it the country of "tzinista" (comparable to sanskrit "chinasthana" and syriac "sinistan" from the 781 ad nestorian stele of xi'an, china), located in easternmost asia. he explained the maritime route towards it (first sailing east and then north up the southern coast of the asian continent) and the fact that cloves came that way to sri lanka for sale. by the time of the eastern roman ruler justinian i (r. 527–565 ad), the byzantines purchased chinese silk from sogdian intermediaries. they also smuggled silkworms out of china with the help of nestorian monks, who claimed that the land of serindia was located north of india and produced the finest silk. by smuggling silkworms and producing silk of their own, the byzantines could bypass the chinese silk trade dominated by their chief rivals, the sasanian empire.
sino-roman relations
bullet::::8. "bokashi gasuri": prior to dyeing, the yarn is twisted or plaited, so that parts of the yarn create their own resist.





























d. by design





























e. by place of production 





























due to regional variations, some types of kasuri are classified by place of production. examples include:





























bullet::::1. kurume: "e-gasuri" (picture) kasuri





























bullet::::2. nara: hemp fiber kasuri, with "shino-gasuri"





























bullet::::3. miyakojima, okinawa : ramie fiber kasuri





























bullet::::4. isesaki, honshu and amami oshima: silk fiber kasuri





























bullet::::5. okinawa: "iro-gasuri" silk fiber kasuri





























section::::see also.





























bullet::::- ikat





























section::::further reading.
kasuri