electrons flow through the external conductor in a galvanic cell.
where do electrons flow in a galvanic cell?
through the external conductor
in addition, electrons flow through the external conductor, which is the primary application of the galvanic cell. 





























as discussed under #cell voltage, the emf of the cell is the difference of the half-cell potentials, a measure of the relative ease of dissolution of the two electrodes into the electrolyte. the emf depends on both the electrodes and on the electrolyte, an indication that the emf is chemical in nature.





























section::::electrochemical thermodynamics of galvanic cell reactions.
galvanic cell
in a battery or galvanic cell, the anode is the negative electrode from which electrons flow out towards the external part of the circuit. internally the positively charged cations are flowing away from the anode (even though it is negative and therefore would be expected to attract them, this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal/electrolyte systems); but, external to the cell in the circuit, electrons are being pushed out through the negative contact and thus through the circuit by the voltage potential as would be expected. note: in a galvanic cell, contrary to what occurs in an electrolytic cell, no anions flow to the anode, the internal current being entirely accounted for by the cations flowing away from it (cf drawing).
anode