the dna directed synthesis of an rna molecule is called translation.
the dna directed synthesis of an rna molecule is called?
translation
the genetic material in retroviruses is in the form of rna molecules, while the genetic material of their hosts is in the form of dna. when a retrovirus infects a host cell, it will introduce its rna together with some enzymes, namely reverse transcriptase and integrase, into the cell. this rna molecule from the retrovirus must produce a dna copy from its rna molecule before it can be integrated into the genetic material of the host cell. the process of producing a dna copy from an rna molecule is termed reverse transcription. it is carried out by one of the enzymes carried in the virus, called reverse transcriptase. after this dna copy is produced and is free in the nucleus of the host cell, it must be incorporated into the genome of the host cell. that is, it must be inserted into the large dna molecules in the cell (the chromosomes). this process is done by another enzyme carried in the virus called integrase.
vectors in gene therapy
in fisseq, a series of biochemical processing steps, such as dna ligations or single-base dna polymerase extensions, are performed on a block of fixed tissue, interlaced with fluorescent imaging steps. the process is conceptually identical to the mechanism of fluorescent sequencing by synthesis in a commercial bulk dna sequencing machine, except that it is performed in fixed tissue. each dna or rna molecule in the sample is first “amplified” (i.e., copied) in-situ via rolling-circle amplification to create a localized “rolling circle colony” (rolony) consisting of identical copies of the parent molecule. a series of biochemical steps are then carried out. in the kth cycle, a fluorescent tag is introduced, the color of which corresponds to the identity of the kth base along the rolony’s parent dna strand. the system is then “paused” in this state for imaging. the entire sample can be imaged in each cycle. the fluorescent tags are then cleaved and washed away, and the next cycle is initiated. each rolony – corresponding to a single “parent” dna or rna molecule in the tissue – thus appears across a series of fluorescent images, as a localized “spot” with a sequence of colors corresponding to the nucleotide sequence of the parent molecule. the nucleotide sequence of each dna or rna molecule is thus read out in-situ via fluorescent microscopy.
fluorescent in situ sequencing