inclusion bodies formation of syncytia and change in cell shape are examples of anagenesis.
inclusion bodies formation of syncytia and change in cell shape are examples of?
anagenesis
typically, the first sign of viral infections is the rounding of cells. inclusion bodies often then appear in the cell nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the host cell. the inclusion bodies can first be identified by light microscopy in patient blood smears or stained sections of infected tissues. however, to fully characterize their composition, electron microscopy must be performed. inclusion bodies may either be accumulation of virus replication byproducts or altered host cell organelles or structures.
cytopathic effect
inclusion bodies are dense electron-refractile particles of aggregated protein found in both the cytoplasmic and periplasmic spaces of "e. coli" during high-level expression of heterologous protein. it is generally assumed that high level expression of non-native protein (higher than 2% of cellular protein) and highly hydrophobic protein is more prone to lead to accumulation as inclusion bodies in "e. coli". in the case of proteins having disulfide bonds, formation of protein aggregates as inclusion bodies is anticipated since the reducing environment of bacterial cytosol inhibits the formation of disulfide bonds. the diameter of spherical bacterial inclusion bodies varies from 0.5–1.3 μm and the protein aggregates have either an amorphous or paracrystalline nature depending on the localization. inclusion bodies have higher density (~1.3 mg ml) than many of the cellular components, and thus can be easily separated by high-speed centrifugation after cell disruption. inclusion bodies despite being dense particles are highly hydrated and have a porous architecture.
inclusion bodies