the supreme court's landmark 1954 decision in brown vs. board of education struck down the doctrine of  separate but equal ''.
the supreme court's landmark 1954 decision in brown vs. board of education struck down what doctrine?
`` separate but equal ''
the 1954 "brown vs. board of education" decision was the beginning of the process of desegregation and the elimination of de jure discrimination. however, it was hard to determine the challenges that the process would present and the obstacles that would continue to exist.while the concept of "separate but equal" had been overturned by the u.s. supreme court, it was clear that the racial divide had not yet been gapped. as the years since brown v. board of education passed, both verbal and physical abuse continued. after brown v. board of education, the desegregated environment proved to be strenuous and was going to require some work. the increase of racial tension and racial incidents in institutes of higher education is said to be due to the "lack of knowledge, experience, and contact with diverse peers; peer-group influence; increased competition and stress; the influence of off-campus groups and the media; alcohol use; changing values; fear of diversity; and the perception of unfair treatment". although brown v. board of education was ruled in 1954, actual integration did not completely occur until many years later; the u.s. supreme court held multiple hearings on the desegregation of schools, continuously they maintained that brown v. board of education must be followed by schools, colleges, and universities. the manner in which brown v. board of education was drawn out years after the decision helped instill racism in education by illustrating the extraordinary lengths some educational institutions would go to in order to avoid integration.
institutional racism
the school was built in 1950, at a time when the district's schools were segregated. schools serving african-american students were chronically over capacity and poorly funded, while those serving white students were not. african american district residents had been agitating for some time for integration or improved conditions in their schools. a group of parents of browne junior high school students organized in 1949 to mount a demonstration and legal challenge to the district's segregation policies. when the new john philip sousa junior high school opened in september 1950, twelve students, accompanied by parents, lawyers, and a police escort, sought to gain entry to the facility, but were denied by the principal. the ensuing legal action resulted in the landmark 1954 decision in "bolling v. sharpe", where the supreme court struck down the district's segregation policy on the grounds that it violated due process (in contrast to the more well-known "brown v. board of education", in which state-legislated segregation was struck down on equal protection grounds).
john philip sousa junior high school