new york academy of medicine publishes the official listing of mental disorders for the us.
who publishes the official listing of mental disorders for the us?
new york academy of medicine
classification of mental disorders





























the classification of mental disorders is also known as psychiatric nosology or psychiatric taxonomy. it represents a key aspect of psychiatry and other mental health professions and is an important issue for people who may be diagnosed. there are currently two widely established systems for classifying mental disorders:





























bullet::::- chapter v of the international classification of diseases (icd-10) produced by the world health organization (who)





























bullet::::- the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-5) produced by the american psychiatric association (apa).
classification of mental disorders
early glimpses of treatment of mental illness included dunking in cold water by samuel willard (physician), who reportedly established the first american hospital for mental illness. the history of treatment of mental disorders consists in a development through years mainly in both psychotherapy (cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, group therapy, and ect) and psychopharmacology (drugs used in mental disorders). psychotherapy is a relatively new method used in treatment of mental disorders. the practice of individual psychotherapy as a treatment of mental disorders is about 100 years old. sigmund freud (1856–1939) was the first one to introduce this concept in psychoanalysis. cognitive therapy is a more recent therapy that was  founded in the 1960s by aaron t. beck, an american psychiatrist. it is a more systematic and structured part of psychotherapy. it consist in helping the patient learn effective ways to overcome their problems and difficulties that causes them distress. behavior therapy has its roots in experimental psychology. e.l. thorndike and b.f. skinner were among the first to work on behavior therapy. convulsive therapy was introduced by ladislas meduna in 1934. he induced seizures through a series of injections, as a means to attempt to treat schizophrenia.  meanwhile, in italy, ugo cerletti  substituted injections with electricity. because of this substitution the new theory was called electro-convulsive therapy (ect).  beside psychotherapy, a wide range of medication is used in the treatment of mental disorders. the first drugs used for this purpose were extracted from plants with psychoactive properties. louis lewin, in 1924, was the first one to introduce a classification of drugs and plants that had properties of this kind. the history of the medications used in mental disorders has developed a lot through years. the discovery of modern drugs prevailed during the 20th century. lithium was discovered as a treatment of mania, by john f. cade in 1949, "and hammond (1871) used lithium bromide for 'acute mania with depression'". in 1937, daniel bovet and anne-marie staub discovered the first antihistamine (neuroleptic). in 1951 paul charpentier synthesized chlorpromazine (neuroleptic). different perspectives on the causes of psychological disorders arose. some believed that stated that psychological disorders are caused by specific abnormalities of the brain and nervous system and that is, in principle, they should be approached for treatments in the same way as physical illness (arose from hippocrates's ideas).
treatment of mental disorders