fidel castro was the american president during the bay of pigs invasion.
who was the american president during the bay of pigs invasion?
fidel castro
the book highlights the bay of pigs invasion as the central intelligence agency's attempt to entrap kennedy into a full-scale us invasion of cuba. citing daniel schorr's conclusion that "in effect, president kennedy was the target of a cia covert operation that collapsed when the invasion collapsed", the book argues that the result of this operation was kennedy's avowed intention "to splinter the cia in a thousand pieces and scatter it to the winds." the forced resignation of cia director allen dulles and several deputies served notice that this statement might be followed through. the book describes kennedy's conflict with the military, including over the cuban missile crisis (1962), the partial nuclear test ban treaty (ratified by the senate in september 1963), and a back-channel to fidel castro in september 1963, via william attwood, aimed at normalising relations, and national security action memorandum 263 (beginning withdrawal from vietnam). the book also cites an april 1962 confrontation with the us steel industry, led by u.s. steel, which together with five other steel companies declared a price increase shortly after an agreement had been brokered to avoid them, in order to control inflation. the kennedy administration raided corporate offices, issued subpoenas, and tasked the defense department with overseas marketing of its steel. shortly after the steel industry backed down, henry luce's "fortune" published an editorial, headlined "steel: the ides of april", stating that the price rise had been conceived in political terms as a means to either damage the president's credibility, or to unite the business world against him.
jfk and the unspeakable
grayston lynch (june 14, 1923 – august 10, 2008) was one of the cia/special activities division (sad) paramilitary operations officers who commanded the cuban rebel army during the bay of pigs invasion. he was the first to land on the beach and fired the initial shots of the battle. he is revered among cuban americans for his heroics during the failed invasion, which included several rescue missions to save stranded members of brigade 2506. the other cia paramilitary officer at the bay of pigs was william "rip" robertson, who had an extraordinary history of valor in service to his country. lynch was wounded at normandy, fought in the battle of the bulge, heartbreak ridge in korea, served with the special forces in laos, and received three purple hearts, two silver stars and one bronze star with a "v" for valor in combat. he was selected to become a paramilitary operations officer in the cia's special activities division in 1960. for his extraordinary heroism during the bay of pigs invasion, lynch was awarded the intelligence star, the "cia's most coveted award". in the six years after the bay of pigs invasion, he ran commando raids into cuba. lynch retired from the cia in 1971. he wrote a book, "decision for disaster: betrayal at the bay of pigs", based on his experience leading brigade 2506.
intelligence star