urdu is the official language of jammu and kashmir state.
urdu is the official language of which state?
jammu and kashmir
from the 13th century until the end of the 18th century urdu was commonly known as hindi. the language was also known by various other names such as "hindavi" and "dehlavi". the perso-arabic script form of this language underwent a standardization process and further persianization in the late mughal period (18th century) and came to be known as urdu, a name derived from the turkic word "ordu" (army) or "orda" and is said to have arisen as the "language of the camp", or ""zaban-i-ordu"", although this explanation insufficiently explains its linguistic features (such as its strong affinities with persian, rather than turkic languages). as a literary language, urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. the name "urdu" was first used by the poet ghulam hamadani mushafi around 1780. hindustani in persian script was used by muslims and hindus, but was current chiefly in muslim-influenced society. the communal nature of the language lasted until it replaced persian as the official language in 1837 and was made co-official, along with english. hindustani was promoted in british india by british policies to counter the previous emphasis on persian. this triggered a hindu backlash in northwestern india, which argued that the language should be written in the native devanagari script. this literary standard called "hindi" replaced urdu as the official language of bihar in 1881, establishing a sectarian divide of "urdu" for muslims and "hindi" for hindus, a divide that was formalized with the division of india and pakistan after independence (though there are hindu poets who continue to write in urdu to this day, with post-independence examples including gopi chand narang and gulzar).
urdu
telugu, one of the classical languages of india, is the official language of telangana and urdu is the second official language of the state. about 77% of the population of telangana speak telugu, 12% speak urdu, and 13% speak other languages. before 1948, urdu was the official language of hyderabad state, and due to a lack of telugu-language educational institutions, urdu was the language of the educated elite of telangana. after 1948, once hyderabad state joined the new republic of india, telugu became the language of government, and as telugu was introduced as the medium of instruction in schools and colleges, the use of urdu among non hyderabadi muslims decreased. both telugu and urdu are used in services across the state, such as the telangana legislature website, with telugu and urdu versions of the website available, as well as the hyderabad metro, wherein both languages are used on station names and signs along with english and hindi. the urdu spoken in telangana is called hyderabadi urdu, which in itself is a dialect of the larger dakhini urdu dialects of south india. although the language is orally spoken by most hyderabadi muslims, the language in a literary context has long been lost, and standard urdu is used.
telangana