most political machines arose and received the most support at the turn of the century in the united states.
where did most political machines arise and receive the most support at the turn of the century?
the united states
in addition, passage of the hatch act of 1939 forbade the intimidation or bribery of voters and restricted political campaign activities by federal employees. it prohibited using any public funds designated for relief or public works for electoral purposes. it forbade officials paid with federal funds from using promises of jobs, promotion, financial assistance, contracts, or any other benefit to coerce campaign contributions or political support, which restricted most partisan political activities of federal employees. by 1980, 90% of federal positions had become part of the civil service system, which lead to state and local governments to employed large patronage systems. big-city political machines in places such as new york city, boston, and chicago thrived in the late nineteenth century. being as a patronage system not only rewarded political supporters for past support, it also encouraged future support, because persons who have a patronage job would try to retain it by campaigning for the party at the next election. large-scale patronage systems declined steadily during the twentieth century. during the progressive era (1900–1920), "good government" reformers overthrew political machines and installed civil service systems. chicago, under mayor richard j. daley, remained the last bastion of patronage, existing in its purest form until the late 1970s. in today’s more observant standards, politicians wanted to pull away from the negative intonation of the name casting of patronage, and spoil system which led them to rename the process “political appointments”.
political appointments in the united states
thomas cockcroft





























thomas cockcroft (15 january 1916 in keighley, yorkshire - 19 september 1994 in keighley) was a professional rugby league footballer. he played at club level for keighley rlfc in the 1930s, and 1940s at .





























section::::personal life.
thomas cockcroft