the president appoints judges to the supreme court uk.
who appoints judges to the supreme court uk?
the president
the independence of the judiciary is one of the cornerstones of the constitution, and means in practice that judges cannot be dismissed from office. since the act of settlement 1700, no judge has been removed, as to do so the queen must act on address by both houses of parliament. it is very likely that a judge would never be dismissed, not merely because of formal rules but a "shared constitutional understanding" of the importance of the integrity of the legal system. this is reflected, for example, in the "sub judice" rule that matters awaiting decision in court should not be prejudged in a parliamentary debate. the lord chancellor (once head of the judiciary but now simply a government minister) also has a statutory duty to uphold the independence of the judiciary, for instance, against attacks upon their integrity by media, corporations, or the government itself. members of the judiciary can be appointed from among any member of the legal profession who has over 10 years of experience having rights of audience before a court: this usually includes barristers, but can also mean solicitors or academics. appointments should be made "solely on merit" but regard may be had to the need for diversity when two candidates have equal qualifications. for appointments to the supreme court, a five-member judicial appointments committee is formed including one supreme court judge, three members from the judicial appointments commission, and one lay person. for other senior judges such as those on the court of appeal, or for the lord chief justice, master of the rolls, or the heads of the high court divisions, a similar five member panel with two judges is formed. gender and ethnic diversity is lacking in the uk judiciary compared to other developed countries, and potentially compromises the expertise and administration of justice. backing up the judiciary is a considerable body of administrative law. the contempt of court act 1981 enables a court to hold anyone in contempt, and commit the person to imprisonment, for violating a court order, or behaviour that could compromise a fair judicial process. in practice this is enforced by the executive. the lord chancellor heads the ministry of justice, which performs various functions including administering the legal aid agency for people who cannot afford access to the courts. in "r (unison) v lord chancellor" the government suffered scathing criticism for creating high fees that cut the number of applicants to employment tribunals by 70 per cent. the attorney general of the uk and the solicitor general represent the crown in litigation. the attorney general also appoints the director of public prosecutions who heads the crown prosecution service, which reviews cases submitted by the police for prosecution, and conducts them on behalf of the crown.
united kingdom constitutional law
bullet::::- judicial: sri lanka's judiciary consists of a supreme court – the highest and final superior court of record, a court of appeal, high courts and a number of subordinate courts. the highly complex legal system reflects diverse cultural influences. criminal law is based almost entirely on british law. basic civil law derives from roman law and dutch law. laws pertaining to marriage, divorce, and inheritance are communal. due to ancient customary practices and/or religion, the sinhala customary law (kandyan law), the thesavalamai, and sharia law are followed in special cases. the president appoints judges to the supreme court, the court of appeal, and the high courts. a judicial service commission, composed of the chief justice and two supreme court judges, appoints, transfers, and dismisses lower court judges.
sri lanka