antennas that transmit an equal amount of energy in the horizontal direction are called omnidirectional antennas.
antennas that transmit an equal amount of energy in the horizontal direction are called?
omnidirectional antennas
in radio communication, an omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna which radiates equal radio power in all directions perpendicular to an axis (azimuthal directions), with power varying with angle to the axis (elevation angle), declining to zero on the axis. when graphed in three dimensions "(see graph)" this radiation pattern is often described as "doughnut-shaped". note that this is different from an isotropic antenna, which radiates equal power in "all" directions, having a "spherical" radiation pattern. omnidirectional antennas oriented vertically are widely used for nondirectional antennas on the surface of the earth because they radiate equally in all horizontal directions, while the power radiated drops off with elevation angle so little radio energy is aimed into the sky or down toward the earth and wasted. omnidirectional antennas are widely used for radio broadcasting antennas, and in mobile devices that use radio such as cell phones, fm radios, walkie-talkies, wireless computer networks, cordless phones, gps, as well as for base stations that communicate with mobile radios, such as police and taxi dispatchers and aircraft communications.
omnidirectional antenna
polarization is predictable from an antenna's geometry. an antenna's linear polarization is generally along the direction (as viewed from the receiving location) of the antenna's currents when such a direction can be defined. for instance, a vertical whip antenna will transmit and receive in the vertical polarization. antennas with horizontal elements are horizontally polarized. even when the antenna system has a vertical orientation, such as an array of horizontal dipole antennas, the polarization is in the horizontal direction corresponding to the current flow. the polarization of a commercial antenna is an essential specification.
antenna (radio)