us placed nuclear weapons in turkey on april 1962.
when did the us place nuclear weapons in turkey?
april 1962
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the dimensions of escalation also range from vertical, horizontal, and political. vertical escalation contains the notion of increasing the intensity of armed conflict, such as creating new weapons not previously used in combat. the united states had a pivotal role in vertical escalation during the development of nuclear weapons during world war ii. this development changed all of mankind and had other nations trying to vertically escalate as well, such as the soviet union following closely behind with nuclear weapons of their own. vertical escalation has the means to end war, but it usually just results in another nation trying to play catch up. the reason for nuclear weapons is due to the fear of a neighboring country or a high power nation using the weapons for personal gain. aside from vertical escalation, we have horizontal escalation that seeks to expand the geographic scope of conflict, such as operating in a territory previously set as a neutral zone. horizontal escalation could be used to lure an enemy to familiar territory. this familiar territory can mean a significant advantage in the battlefield, breaking the opponents stance in the matter. horizontal escalation could also be used to create tension within the battles. meaning, if one were to place nuclear missiles around an enemies known allies, it could create an unsettling environment for the opponent, having them to make or move or forfeit the ally. political escalation derives its ideas from any leftover categories not suited for previously mentioned escalation methods. this can be the ideas one develops to respond to someone else's, such as what technology to use to develop nuclear weapons and the steps needed to reach the goal. horizontal escalation means to increase the intensity of conflict, whether to gain objectives or an advantage viewpoint to avoid defeat. if left undisturbed, horizontal escalation could potentially result in a mutually assured destruction, forgetting about the initial problem that lead up to the conflict. the thinking throughout the cold war made it so the group with the most power, such as the number of nuclear weapons held by the united states compared to the other nations, would deter other combatants from escalating due to the potential catastrophic risks involved. many challenges faced by the united states had escalation in high regard, because the united states needed to be ready to face any powerful adversary, the united states had to protect regions in which high interest was involved, and lastly the united states had to face many irregular war threats, asking for a new strategy of horizontal escalation. this new strategy was implemented by ronald reagan in response to the warsaw pact in western europe. this was done by attacking the soviet union or their allies in areas in which the united states had a clear military advantage.
horizontal escalation