new york was number 11 to join the union.
what number was new york to join the union?
11
in his final years as president of seiu, hardy laid the ground for yet another major affiliation. the drug, hospital, and health care employees union, local 1199 of the retail, wholesale and department store union (rwdsu), was a union of nurses, service workers, lpns, and other health care employees. by 1960, it had organized nearly every hospital in new york city, and in the 1970s expanded nationwide. rwdsu had been expelled by the afl-cio in the 1950s for leftist tendencies, and the union's success in health care was giving rise to rumors of raiding. 1199, as the union was called, wanted to disaffiliate from rwdsu and join with a larger union with greater organizing resources. moe foner and other leaders of 1199 began meeting with hardy in the late 1970s to explore affiliation with seiu. the negotiations did not come to any conclusion, however, and in the early 1980s a major split in 1199 led all of the union's locals outside new york city to disaffiliate and form their own independent national healthcare union, the national union of hospital and health care employees (nuhhce). nuhhce received a charter from the afl-cio in 1984, which prevented any raids on it. but nuhhce was too thinly spread nationwide, however, with 75,000 members in 12 locals, and its leaders quickly decided to merge with another national union. in 1989, nuhhce permitted its locals to vote to merge with either seiu or afscme. a third of the locals affiliated went with afscme, and two-thirds with seiu. these mergers made seiu the largest health care workers' union in north america and the fastest-growing member of the afl-cio. in 1991, the original local 1199 in new york city disaffiliated from rwdsu and became independent; it merged with seiu in 1998.
george hardy (labor leader)
bullet::::- "background actor:" for years, sag had the "three voucher rule". after collecting three valid union vouchers for three separate days of work, a background actor could become sag-eligible; however, employment must have been confirmed with payroll data, not vouchers. sag productions required a minimum number of sag members be employed as background actors before a producer was permitted to hire a non-union background actor. for television productions in the west coast zones, the minimum number of sag background actors was 21 (25 in the new york zone), for commercials the minimum was 40, and for feature films, the minimum was 57 in the west coast zones (85 in the new york zone). in rare circumstances, due to the uniqueness of a role, or constraints on the numbers of available sag actors or last-minute cancellations, those minimums were unable to be met. when this happened, producers were permitted to fill one or more of those union spots with non-union actors. the non-union actor chosen to fill the union spot was then issued a union background voucher for the day, and that non-union actor was entitled to all the same benefits and pay that the union actor would have received under that voucher. this was called a taft-hartley voucher. the sag-eligible background actor could continue working in non-union productions, but after obtaining 3 taft-hartley vouchers were given a 30-day window where they were allowed to work as many sag jobs as they wish. after the 30-day window had expired the actor became a "must join" with sag, meaning they could no longer work any sag projects without formally joining the union. they could continue to work non-union jobs, however, until they officially became a sag member.
screen actors guild