nietzsche was the person who first labeled apollonian and dionysian responses as such.
who is the person who first labeled apollonian and dionysian responses as such?
nietzsche
donald macgregor has analysed the film in terms of a different work, "the birth of tragedy", in which nietzsche refers to the human conflict between the apollonian and dionysian modes of being. the apollonian side of man is rational, scientific, sober, and self-controlled. for nietzsche a purely apollonian mode of existence is problematic, since it undercuts the instinctual side of man. the apollonian man lacks a sense of wholeness, immediacy, and primal joy. it is not good for a culture to be either wholly apollonian or dionysian. while the world of the apes at the beginning of "2001" is dionysian, the world of travel to the moon is wholly apollonian, and hal is an entirely apollonian entity. kubrick's film came out just a year before the woodstock rock festival, a wholly dionysian affair. macgregor argues that david bowman in his transformation has regained his dionysian side.
interpretations of 2001: a space odyssey
the apollonian and dionysian concepts comprise a dichotomy that serves as the basis of paglia's theory of art and culture. for paglia, the apollonian is light and structured while the dionysian is dark and chthonic (she prefers "chthonic" to dionysian throughout the book, arguing that the latter concept has become all but synonymous with hedonism and is inadequate for her purposes, declaring that "the dionysian is no picnic"). the chthonic is associated with females, wild/chaotic nature, and unconstrained sex/procreation. in contrast, the apollonian is associated with males, clarity, celibacy and/or homosexuality, rationality/reason, and solidity, along with the goal of oriented progress: "everything great in western civilization comes from struggle against our origins".
apollonian and dionysian