the light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membrane.
where do the light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place?
in the thylakoid membrane
calvin cycle









































the calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (pcr) cycle of photosynthesis are the chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. these reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. these reactions take the products (atp and nadph) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. there are three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively called the "calvin cycle": carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) regeneration.
calvin cycle
section::::light-independent reactions.









































section::::light-independent reactions.:calvin cycle.









































in the light-independent (or "dark") reactions, the enzyme rubisco captures co from the atmosphere and, in a process called the calvin cycle, it uses the newly formed nadph and releases three-carbon sugars, which are later combined to form sucrose and starch. the overall equation for the light-independent reactions in green plants is
photosynthesis