sperms get the energy required to keep the flagella moving from protein, flig, in the rotor.
where do sperms get the energy required to keep the flagella moving?
protein, flig, in the rotor
na
na
the larvae feed on the leaves of "sapindus mukorossi" and "koelreuteria elegans formosana". at rest, the larvae keep their head and thorax curled backward, overlapping the abdomen laterally, thus resembling bird droppings. when disturbed, the larva scratches the leaf surface with the posterior portion of the abdomen and makes sharp clicking sounds by rapidly pounding its mandible against the leaf. mature larvae curve a leaf margin and fix it with silk at the leaf tip, where pupation takes place in a thin cocoon near the edge of the folded leaf.









































section::::subspecies.









































bullet::::- "tridrepana arikana arikana" (taiwan)
tridrepana arikana