the romans used a sea sponge to brush their teeth.
what did the romans use to brush their teeth?
a sea sponge
the predecessor of the toothbrush is the chew stick. chew sticks were twigs with frayed ends used to brush the teeth while the other end was used as a toothpick. the earliest chew sticks were discovered in sumer in southern mesopotamia in 3500 bc, an egyptian tomb dating from 3000 bc, and mentioned in chinese records dating from 1600 bc. the greeks and romans used toothpicks to clean their teeth, and toothpick-like twigs have been excavated in qin dynasty tombs. chew sticks remain common in africa, the rural southern united states, and in the islamic world the use of chewing stick miswak is considered a pious action and has been prescribed to be used before every prayer five times a day. miswaks have been used by muslims since 7th century.
toothbrush
vipuakuje muharukua









































vipuakuje muharukua is a namibian politician who serves in the parliament of namibia. he was elected to parliament on a popular democratic movement ticket in 2014. at 31, he was the second youngest elected mp in namibia since mchenry venaani in 2002.









































section::::early life and political career.









































muharukua, an ethnic ovahimba, was born in 1983 in opuwo in the kunene region of north-western namibia. he was elected to the parliament of namibia during the 2014 general election, becoming the youngest member of that particular parliament.
vipuakuje muharukua