meccan surah is the number of surahs that are revealed in makkah and madinah.
how many surahs are revealed in makkah and madinah?
meccan surah
in 1324 ah, he went to makkah and madinah for the muslim pilgrimage hajj and visited the roza of the islamic prophet muhammad with thirty-six other companions. his companion, haji mullah sadr, wrote that when muhammad sirajuddin naqshbandi was visiting madinah one day, the sheikh took a bath and then went to visit the grave of muhammad. there he met with the mujawirs (persons responsible for maintaining a shrine) and spoke with them. during this time the mujawirs gave muhammad sirajuddin naqshbandi (an arabic dress), as well as a burning candle. using the candle he lit two cressets and entered the roza of the shrine of muhammad while wearing the dress he was given. after praying for long while, he came out and expressed gratitude to the mujawirs.
muhammad sirajuddin naqshbandi
there are 21 surahs in the second meccan period. these surahs have, on average, ayah between twelve and twenty syllables in length. some surahs have fewer than fifty ayah, while others, such as surah 20, “ta-ha,” have well over 100 verses. these surahs do not necessarily have distinct features, as the surahs of the first and third meccan periods do, but instead display a blend of features from both earlier and later meccan surahs. these middle surahs keep and expand upon the tripartite structure of the verse. according to ernst, surahs that adhere to this structure (common in pre-islamic arab poetry) will have shorter first and third sections that parallel each other in scope and audience. the third section will “normally conclude with a flourish.” these parts bookend a somewhat larger middle section, which is “typically a narrative of prophecy and struggle”. these surahs also tend to use fewer oaths than earlier meccan surahs, but take a much more confrontational approach in regards to the disbelievers. some surahs in this period adopt a form resembling a monotheistic service, as is often seen in later meccan surahs. for example, surah 20 begins with a section proclaiming the greatness of god, and then transitions immediately into a story about moses. after the lengthy story concludes, several verses are devoted to explaining the meaning of the story, especially as it relates to the disbelievers. due to the presence of elements from earlier and later meccan surahs, surahs of the middle meccan period exemplify the gradual development of the qur'anic revelations over time, as muhammad’s community slowly grew and changed. this is manifest in the fact that surahs of the second meccan period tend toward self-referentiality, wherein the qur'an uses "qur'an" (recitation or the qu'ran) and "kitaab" (book) to make mention to its own existence (surahs 54, 37, 15, et al.), noting that indeed there is a holy message coming from god. controversy from these verses have sprung up, wherein the question of the word's existence is debated. some believe that the qur'an existed/exists for all time with god, while others believe that the qur'an was simply the word for the arab peoples of muhammad from his prophecy onward.
meccan surah