volume and pressure inside the left ventricle at the end of diastole is referred to as end - diastolic volume.
volume and pressure inside the left ventricle at the end of diastole is referred to as?
end - diastolic volume
any process that increases the pressure in the left ventricle can cause worsening of the left-to-right shunt. this includes hypertension, which increases the pressure that the left ventricle has to generate to open the aortic valve during ventricular systole, and coronary artery disease which increases the stiffness of the left ventricle, thereby increasing the filling pressure of the left ventricle during ventricular diastole. the left-to-right shunt increases the filling pressure of the right heart (preload) and forces the right ventricle to pump out more blood than the left ventricle. this constant overloading of the right side of the heart causes an overload of the entire pulmonary vasculature. eventually, pulmonary hypertension may develop.
atrial septal defect
physiologically, in individuals with a normally functioning aortic valve, the valve is only open when the pressure in the left ventricle is higher than the pressure in the aorta. this allows the blood to be ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta during ventricular systole. the amount of blood that is ejected by the heart is known as the "stroke volume". under normal conditions, 50% of the blood in a filled left ventricle is ejected into the aorta to be used by the body. after ventricular systole, the pressure in the left ventricle decreases as it relaxes and begins to fill up with blood from the left atrium. this relaxation of the left ventricle (early ventricular diastole) causes a fall in its pressure. when the pressure in the left ventricle falls below the pressure in the aorta, the aortic valve will close, preventing blood in the aorta from going back into the left ventricle.
aortic insufficiency