the full scale eruption of hostilities began in israel and palestine in 1920.
when did the full scale eruption of hostilities begin in israel and palestine?
1920
during world war i the british government issued the balfour declaration of 1917, which favored the establishment of national home for the jewish people in palestine. the british captured jerusalem from the ottomans a month later. the league of nations formally awarded britain a mandate over palestine in 1922. continuous jewish immigration and british colonial rule led to the 1936–1939 arab revolt in palestine, the first nationalist movement among palestinian arabs. after the nazi holocaust, pressure grew for the international recognition of a jewish state in palestine, and in 1947 the british government announced its intention to terminate the mandate. the united nations general assembly voted to partition palestine into independent arab and jewish states. however, the situation in palestine had deteriorated into a civil war between arabs and jews. the former rejected the partition plan, while the latter declared the independence of the state of israel in may 1948. nearby arab countries immediately attacked israel, which nevertheless prevailed in the first israeli-arab war. thanks to its victory, israel overran far more territory than what the partition plan had scheduled. in what is known as the nakba ("catastrophe"), 700,000 palestinians fled or were driven out of their homes, while a wave of jewish refugees from arab countries arrived in israel. only two regions of palestine escaped israeli control: the west bank (and east-jerusalem), annexed by jordan, and the gaza strip, in fact controlled by egypt, which were finally conquered by israel during the six-day war in 1967. despite international objections, israel started to establish settlements in these occupied territories. meanwhile, the palestinian national movement gradually gained international recognition, largely thanks to the palestine liberation organisation (plo, founded in 1965) under the leadership of yasser arafat. in 1993, the oslo peace accords between israel and the plo established a palestinian national authority (pna) as an interim body to run parts of gaza and the west bank (but not east jerusalem) pending an agreed solution to the conflict. further peace developments never followed though, and in recent history, relations between israel and palestinians have been marked by repeated military conflicts, especially with the islamist group hamas, which also rejects the pna. in 2007, hamas has even won control of gaza from the pna, now limited to the west bank. in november 2012, the state of palestine (the name used by the pna) was upgraded in the un to non-member observer state status, a move that allows it to take part in general assembly debates and improves its chances of joining other un agencies.
history of palestine
although a small-scale eruption did occur in 1999, another larger-scale eruption is expected to occur in the immediate future. cerro negro does not differ from most volcanoes, in that numerous hazards are associated with volcanic activity. these hazards include lava flows, mudslides, pyroclastic flows, and earthquakes, but the biggest hazard of cerro negro is the effects of the ash and tephra fallouts.
cerro negro