rose reynolds played alice in once upon a time.
who played alice in once upon a time?
rose reynolds
na
na
the first one describes a bias and an asymmetric mutational pressure on each dna strand during replication and transcription. due to the asymmetric nature of the replication process, an unequal mutational frequency and dna repair efficiency during the replication process can introduce more mutations in one strand as compared to the other. furthermore, the time used for replication between the two strands varies and may lead to asymmetric mutational pressure between leading and lagging strand. in addition to mutations during dna replication, transcriptional mutations can create strand specific nucleotide composition skew. deamination of cytosine and ultimately mutation of cytosine to thymine in one dna strand can increase the relative number of guanine and thymine to cytosine and adenine. in most bacteria majority of the genes are encoded in the leading strand. for instance, the leading strand in "bacillus" "subtilis" encodes 75% of the genes. in addition an excess of deamination and conversion of cytosine to thymine in the coding strand compared to the non-coding strand has been reported. one possible explanation is that the non-transcribed strand (coding strand) is single stranded during the transcription process; therefore, it is more vulnerable to deamination compared to the transcribed strand (non-coding strand). another explanation is that the deamination repair activity during transcription does not occur on the coding strand. only the transcribed strand benefits from these deamination repair events.
gc skew