longitudinal growth is occurring in stratum corneum in long bones.
where is longitudinal growth occurring in long bones?
stratum corneum
endochondral ossification is responsible for the initial bone development from cartilage in utero and infants and the longitudinal growth of long bones in the epiphyseal plate. the plate's chondrocytes are under constant division by mitosis. these daughter cells stack facing the epiphysis while the older cells are pushed towards the diaphysis. as the older chondrocytes degenerate, osteoblasts ossify the remains to form new bone. in puberty increasing levels of estrogen, in both females and males, leads to increased apoptosis of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate. depletion of chondrocytes due to apoptosis leads to less ossification and growth slows down and later stops when the entire cartilage have become replaced by bone, leaving only a thin epiphyseal scar which later disappears.
epiphyseal plate
the long bones are those that are longer than they are wide. they are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. long bones, especially the femur and tibia, are subjected to most of the load during daily activities and they are crucial for skeletal mobility. they grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis, with an epiphysis at each end of the growing bone. the ends of epiphyses are covered with hyaline cartilage ("articular cartilage"). the longitudinal growth of long bones is a result of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate. bone growth in length is stimulated by the production of growth hormone (gh), a secretion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
long bone