montreal protocol aimed to reduce emissions that cause ozone depletion.
montreal protocol aimed to reduce emissions that cause this?
ozone depletion
the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. it was agreed on 26 august 1987, and entered into force on 16 september 1989, following a first meeting in helsinki, may 1989. since then, it has undergone nine revisions, in 1990 (london), 1991 (nairobi), 1992 (copenhagen), 1993 (bangkok), 1995 (vienna), 1997 (montreal), 1998 (australia), 1999 (beijing) and 2016 (kigali) as a result of the international agreement, the ozone hole in antarctica is slowly recovering. climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070. due to its widespread adoption and implementation it has been hailed as an example of exceptional international co-operation, with kofi annan quoted as saying that "perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date has been the montreal protocol". in comparison, effective burden sharing and solution proposals mitigating regional conflicts of interest have been among the success factors for the ozone depletion challenge, where global regulation based on the kyoto protocol has failed to do so. in this case of the ozone depletion challenge, there was global regulation already being installed before a scientific consensus was established. also, overall public opinion was convinced of possible imminent risks.
montreal protocol
bullet::::- velders, g. j. m., a. r. ravishankara, m. k. miller, m. j. molina, j. alcamo, j. s. daniel, d. w. fahey, s. a. montzka, and s. reimann. (2012). "preserving montreal protocol climate benefits by limiting hfcs". science, 335(6071), 922–923, doi:10.1126/science.1216414.









































section::::external links.









































bullet::::- multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol









































bullet::::- the montreal protocol









































bullet::::- the vienna convention









































bullet::::- ozone-depleting substances (ods) controlled under the montreal protocol









































bullet::::- u.s. epa ozone layer protection information home page









































bullet::::- the montreal protocol who's who









































bullet::::-  by f.sherwood rowland and mario j.molina
montreal protocol