china is the classical civilization that is associated with the concept of the mandate of heaven.
which classical civilization is associated with the concept of the mandate of heaven?
china
the mandate of heaven does not require a legitimate ruler to be of noble birth, depending instead on the just and able performance of the rulers and their heirs. dynasties such as the han and ming dynasties were founded by men of common origins. the concept is in some ways similar to the european concept of the divine right of kings; however, unlike the european concept, it does not in theory confer an unconditional right to rule, despite this being exactly the case in practice. the mandate would in theory be a preoccupation in a ruler's lifetime, when he would hold onto the mandate and live according to heavens. intrinsic to the concept of the mandate of heaven was the right of rebellion against an unjust ruler. chinese historians interpreted a successful revolt as evidence that heaven had withdrawn its mandate from the ruler. throughout chinese history, times of poverty and natural disasters were often taken as signs that heaven considered the incumbent ruler unjust and thus in need of replacement. the mandate of heaven was often invoked by philosophers and scholars in china as a way to curtail the abuse of power by the ruler. while each dynasty was not the same, they each had a lineage that passed on the prospective ruler by order of generational descent or their priority of birth. many emperors during the imperial times would optimize to have many sons who could be candidates to fill the position after the current ruler has died. in addition heaven was thought to be of how a ruler's works and performance was, which reflected upon how favorable they would be to heaven.
mandate of heaven
bullet::::- "black athena: afro-asiatic roots of classical civilization: the fabrication of ancient greece, 1785-1985" vol. 1 (paperback) free association books (29 nov 2004)









































section::::editions of "black athena".:volume 2.









































bullet::::- "black athena: afro-asiatic roots of classical civilization: the archaeological and documentary evidence" vol. 2 (paperback) publisher: free association books (1 jan 1991)









































bullet::::- "black athena: the afroasiatic roots of classical civilization" vol. 2 (hardcover) rutgers university press (jul 1991)









































section::::editions of "black athena".:volume 3.









































bullet::::- "black athena: the afroasiatic roots of classical civilization, volume iii: the linguistic evidence" vol. 3 (hardcover) rutgers university press (25 nov 2006)
black athena