george santayana said those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
who said those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it?
george santayana
the third millennium is the third period of one thousand years. as this millennium is in progress, only its first decade, the 2000s (decade), can be the subject of the conventional historian's attention. the remaining part of the 21st century and longer-term trends are researched by futures studies, an approach that uses various models and several methods (such as "forecasting" and "backcasting"). ever since the invention of history, people have searched for "lessons" that might be drawn from its study, on the principle that to understand the past is potentially to control the future. a famous quote by george santayana has it that "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." arnold j. toynbee, in his monumental "study of history", sought regularities in the rise and fall of civilizations. in a more popular vein, will and ariel durant devoted a 1968 book, "the lessons of history", to a discussion of "events and comments that might illuminate present affairs, future possibilities... and the conduct of states." discussions of history's lessons often tend to an excessive focus on historic detail or, conversely, on sweeping historiographic generalizations.
contemporary history
the judges noted that in her further statement of 2 april 2001, phelan in part stated: in the trial, held at the central criminal court in dublin, i gave evidence on oath in the complaint against nora wall and paul mccabe. in evidence, i told the judge and jury that i saw paul mccabe rape regina and that nora wall was present holding regina's legs down. i gave other evidence but i cannot remember what. at the time i gave this evidence in court, i knew it was wrong and against the law but i just wanted to get back at dominic (i.e. nora wall). i was also afraid to pull back on my evidence because i thought that once i had made a statement i had to give evidence in court. the reason why i wanted to get back at dominic was because she used to physically beat me when i was living the group homes. she gave me a terrible life and i hated her. i remember ringing sr. mona kilkeen. she was a good friend of mine for many years. it was during the trial, but i cannot remember much of the details.
nora wall