title: Lincoln Motor Company

text: For the Richard Nixon administration, the White House commissioned a state limousine based upon a 1969 Lincoln Continental, bodied by Lehman-Peterson of Chicago, Illinois. Again adopting the security features added to SS-100X (including armor plating and bulletproof glass), a sunroof was added to the vehicle to allow the President to stand upright in the vehicle (to greet constituents from the motorcade).


title: Lincoln Motor Company

text: Used by President Nixon until 1974, the 1969 Continental limousine is located at the Nixon Library in Yorba Linda, California.


title: Lincoln Motor Company

text: Developed for the second term of the Nixon administration, an armored 1972 Lincoln Continental limousine entered service for the Gerald Ford administration in 1974. Stretched to 22 feet in length by Ford Motor Company, the vehicle weighed nearly 13,000 pounds following the addition of armor plating and security upgrades.


title: Lincoln Motor Company

text: The 1972 Continental has notoriety similar to the SS-100-X with its presence at two presidential assassination attempts. In 1975, the limousine rushed Gerald Ford away during the assassination attempt against him from Sarah Jane Moore. In 1981, Ronald Reagan was wounded in his assassination attempt. While not directly hit by a bullet from Hinckley, Reagan was wounded by a bullet that had struck the armor plating on the side of the car, ricocheting off of the vehicle.


title: Lincoln Motor Company

text: Used by Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and Ronald Reagan, the 1972 Continental is on display at the Henry Ford Museum alongside the Sunshine Special and SS-100-X.


title: Lincoln Motor Company

text: The last Lincoln used as a Presidential state car is a 1989 Lincoln Town Car commissioned for George H. W. Bush. In line with its 1983 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham predecessor, the roofline of the Town Car was raised several inches to accommodate for the thickness of bulletproof glass (while preserving outward visibility). To better handle the weight of armor plating and unspecified security upgrades, the powertrain was upgraded to that of an F-250 pickup truck, receiving a 7.5L V8 and an E4OD 4-speed automatic transmission.


title: Lincoln Motor Company

text: Today, the car is on display at the George Bush Presidential Library in College Station, Texas. Since 1993, the Secret Service has used limousines derived from Cadillac vehicles as a presidential state car.


title: Shahid Kapoor filmography

text: Shahid Kapoor is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films. As a dancer in Shiamak Davar's institute, Kapoor made uncredited appearances as a background dancer in the films "Dil To Pagal Hai" (1997) and "Taal" (1999). He also appeared in several music videos, including one for the singer Kumar Sanu, before making his acting debut with a lead role in Ken Ghosh's romantic comedy "Ishq Vishk" (2003). The film was a sleeper hit, and Kapoor's portrayal of a teenage student earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut.


title: Shahid Kapoor filmography

text: Kapoor found little success in the next two years; all five of his releases, including the thriller "Fida" (2004) and the drama "Shikhar" (2005), were commercial failures. He had three film releases in 2006. He starred opposite Kareena Kapoor in "36 China Town" and "Chup Chup Ke", and played a prospective groom opposite Amrita Rao in "Vivah", a commercially successful family drama from director Sooraj Barjatya. In the following year, he reunited with Kareena Kapoor in the romantic comedy "Jab We Met", for which he received his first Best Actor nomination at Filmfare. Kapoor's sole film release in 2008 was opposite Vidya Balan in the romantic comedy "Kismat Konnection". In 2009, Kapoor portrayed twin brothers, one with a lisp and the other with a stutter, in Vishal Bhardwaj's critically acclaimed caper thriller "Kaminey". He then appeared in a series of films which performed poorly at the box-office, including "Mausam" (2011) and "Teri Meri Kahaani" (2012). The 2013 action-drama "R... Rajkumar" proved to be his first commercial success in four years.


title: Shahid Kapoor filmography

text: In 2014, Kapoor played the title character in Bhardwaj's "Haider" (2014), an adaptation of William Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet". For his performance in the film, Kapoor won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. In 2016, he played a rockstar addicted to drugs in "Udta Punjab", a crime drama about substance abuse in the Indian state of Punjab, for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. Kapoor's highest-grossing release came in 2018 with Sanjay Leela Bhansali's period drama "Padmaavat", one of Indian cinema's biggest grossers, in which he portrayed the Rajput ruler Rawal Ratan Singh.. The following year, he played the titular role in "Kabir Singh" (2019), which proved to be his biggest commercial success in which he played the sole male lead. In addition to acting in films, Kapoor has hosted eight award ceremonies, and in 2015 he featured as a talent judge on the dance reality show "Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Reloaded".


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One () is a 2022 South Korean science fiction action horror film written and directed by Park Hoon-jung. A sequel to the 2018 film "", it stars Shin Si-ah, Park Eun-bin and Jo Min-su. The film was released on June 15, 2022 by Next Entertainment World.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The film opened at number one at South Korean box offices and surpassed one million admissions after four days, and two million after eleven days of release. "The Witch: Part 2" is currently the fifth highest-grossing Korean film of 2022 with a gross of US$21.535 million and 2.80 million viewers.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: Years ago, a female teenager is taking a bus ride with her friend when they mysteriously change routes. A gas is thrown into the bus, causing everyone inside the vehicle to lose consciousness. A team abducts the young woman who wakes up on a stretcher, seeing that the bus incident was faked to look like an accident. Dr. Baek and her twin reassure her, knowing that she is pregnant with fraternal twins, they say that her pregnancy will be mysteriously important.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: In the present day, a girl nicknamed Ark 1 escapes from a secret laboratory after killing all soldiers and scientists there. She gets lost in the forest, hearing her mother's voice calling her. She is then kidnapped by the henchmen of the dangerous gangster Yong-Doo as they pass on the road in a van. Kyung-Hee, another abductee, is there because she refuses to give up ownership of her house to Yong-Doo. Along the way, the girl causes an accident after one of the henchmen ends up touching her. Kyung-Hee takes the girl with her and calls her uncle for help.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: Her uncle performs surgery on Ark 1 to remove all the experimental devices from her skin. Kyung-Hee ends up taking the girl with her to her house, where she lives with her brother, Dae-Gil. Meanwhile, Dr. Baek receives a visit from Jang, the head of the secret institute. They both talk about the girl who escaped at the Jeju Island coastal base, where Jang deploys a tactical team to solve the problem secretly. At night, Yong-Doo and his gang threaten Kyung-Hee into giving him the deed to her father's property, revealing that he was murdered by Yong. The girl appears and defeats most of the henchmen with her brute strength, causing Yong-Doo to flee in terror. An agent named Jo-Hyeon and her South African companion are called in to speak with Baek, who offers them a device that can track Ark 1. Yong-Doo, not happy with what happened, tortures Kyung-Hee's uncle for more information about the girl.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: During the trip to the market, Kyung-Hee discovers that her uncle is injured and goes out to help him. When she returns to the car, she finds Jo-Hyeon and her colleague, who shows footage of the girl killing everyone before the escape and asks her to help them stop Ark 1. Yong-Doo meets with Jang's squad when reporting the girl's presence to his partners in crime, where he ends up receiving a dose of their power in exchange for revealing the location of the girl. Kyung-Hee arrives home with instructions to leave with her brother as soon as a fireworks show takes place, but before that happens, Yong-Doo arrives with his gang and Jang's squad. Kyung dies while trying to buy time for Dae-Gil and Ark 1 to escape, being killed with a fatal shot in the process.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: Jo-Hyeon's tactical forces fire a bazooka to kill the girl on the roof, but she manages to escape. Dae-Gil survives the house explosion, but dies soon after by Yong-Doo upon seeing his sister's body. The gang, Jo-Hyeon and her companion are killed by the squad before being attacked by the girl. Yong-Doo ends up having his feet broken by Ark 1, leaving him incapacitated despite the superhuman dose he received. She enters a fight against the last two members of the tactical force, where she disintegrates one of them with her telekinesis. Goo Ja-yoon arrives by car and finishes off the last survivor of the chaos, before revealing to Ark 1 that they are sisters and that she has been monitoring her since her escape. Ja-yoon says she needs her to find their mother, as she has a stronger psychic bond with the girl. Ark 1 doesn't respond, focusing her attention on the loss of Dae-Gil and Kyung-Hee, watching Yong slowly die. Ja-yoon injects her sister with a tranquilizer and puts her in the car, driving away from the scene together.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: At the end of the film, Baek senses the danger the sisters now have together before being shown their mother inside a huge aquarium with wires connected to it. The woman opens her eyes and the screen goes dark.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: At the 23rd Busan International Film Festival on October 5, 2018, the director Park Hoon-jung and actor Kim Da-mi attending the stage greetings for the film "" announced the sequel. On being asked about the sequel he explained, "As those who have seen it, expect it, but it will be the story after that shown in the movie."


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: Shin Si-ah auditioned for the role of the protagonist in the summer of 2020, and was selected after beating 1,408 others. Lee Jong-suk after finishing his military duty in 2020, made a comeback with a role in this film. Warner Bros. Korea, the holders of 'Witch' license, signed a contract with Next Entertainment World (NEW) for director Park Hoon-jung's next film: "Witch 2". NEW made the investment and will also distribute the film. The original crew of joined in this version too. Apart from director Park Hoon-jung, cinematographer Kim Young-ho, art directors Hwa Seong, Choi Hyun-seok, to the martial arts director Kim Jung-min are working together. Park Eun-bin is coming back to big screen after nine years, since her last appearance was in 2013 film "Secretly, Greatly".


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: Filming began in the late December 2020 and was wrapped up on April 19, 2021. "The Witch: Part 2." was filmed on Jeju Island, which was the backdrop for the ending scene of the "The Witch: Part 1." Jeju Stone Culture Park and the Glass House, located in Seopjikoji, were filming sites where crucial scenes were filmed.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The film release which was scheduled for April was postponed due to COVID-19. It was released theatrically on June 15, 2022, in South Korea.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The film is promoted with some unique ways adopted by distributors. Some of the online and offline promotional methods have attracted attention of the people. From May 9, the official website of the film provided confidential information related to the 'girl' (Shin Si-a) who escaped the secret laboratory. In addition, it is planning first-class confidential fan art contest that runs until June 6. From May 16, the bus stops around Gangnam and the bus stop on Gangnam-daero from Sinsa station to Yangjae station were occupied by the advertisement installed as lenticular, giving impression of a 'Witch Road', attracted attention of people visiting the area.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The film has been sold in 124 countries around the world and it will be simultaneously released in 11 countries along with domestic release.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The film was invited to the 26th Fantasia International Film Festival and was screened for its Quebec premiere on July 29, 2022.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The film entered the international competition section of the 40th Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival and was screened for European premiere on September 5, 2022.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The film was made available for streaming on IPTV (KT olleh TV, SK Btv, LG U+ TV), Home Choice, Google Play, TVING, WAVVE, Naver TV, KT skylife, and Cinefox from July 14, 2022.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The film was released on June 15 on 1,796 screens. It opened at 1st place with 266,526 admissions at the Korean box office, and crossed 1 million cumulative admissions on the fourth day. It took 11 days to cross 2 million viewers, and 18 days to cross 2.5 million viewers.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 75% approval rating, based on 12 reviews with an average rating of 6.30/10.


title: The Witch: Part 2. The Other One

text: Kim Young-sik of Within News reviewing the film wrote, that the "appearance of the Absolute who is stronger than the strong one" has "completed the basic character build-up of the 'witch' worldview." Kim praised the performances of Seo Eun-soo and Jin Goo writing, "Actors Seo Eun-soo and Jin Goo's big performances in saving the main characters are also a highlight of this work." Concluding review Kim stated, "The film is a work like burning oil that makes you look forward to the upcoming 3rd installment by inserting an expanded worldview into the film." Kim further stated, "In addition, the film shows the audience an expanded worldview with the advent of a new absolute. The story structure has been simplified compared to the first part, and the characters are also at the expected level, but the Absolute Girl's ability will exceed the audience's expectations. Meagan Navarro of Bloody Disgusting rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and criticised the weak narrative, writing, "While the narrative may fare much weaker this round," but appreciated the director Park Hoon-jung's "knack for strong visuals and staging, late-game revelations." Praising the climax Navarro wrote, ""The Other One" does move the needle forward and opens up intriguing new possibilities for the third chapter." Roger Moore film critic rated the film with 2 stars out of 5 and found the film tardy and lengthy. Moore wrote, "Park Hoon-jung’s everything-but-the-Korean-kitchen-sink sequel to 2018’s "The Witch..." a simple, slow-moving witch-hunt story whose clutter keeps it from ever truly getting up to speed."


title: American Pie 2

text: American Pie 2 is a 2001 American sex comedy film directed by James B. Rogers and written by Adam Herz and David H. Steinberg from a story by Herz. A sequel to the 1999 comedy film "American Pie", it is the second film in the "American Pie" series and stars Jason Biggs, Shannon Elizabeth, Alyson Hannigan, Chris Klein, Natasha Lyonne, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Tara Reid, Seann William Scott, Mena Suvari, Eddie Kaye Thomas, and Eugene Levy. The film follows the sexual exploits of five friends–Jim, Kevin, Stifler, Oz, and Finch–and their attempts to have the greatest summer party ever at a summer beach house in Michigan.


title: American Pie 2

text: "American Pie 2" was released in the United States on August 10, 2001, and grossed over $145 million in the US and $142 million overseas on a budget of $30 million, making it the highest-grossing film in the franchise at just under $288 million worldwide. The film was followed by "American Wedding".


title: American Pie 2

text: Home for the summer after college, Jim Levenstein, Kevin Myers, Chris "Oz" Ostreicher, and Paul Finch attend Steve Stifler's party until the police shut it down. Kevin is inspired by his brother to rent a Lake Michigan beach house and throw a massive party to close out the summer.


title: American Pie 2

text: The group obtains jobs painting houses in order to afford the rent. Jim receives a call from former love interest Nadia who informs him that she plans to visit him. To gain sexual experience, Jim seeks out his prom date, Michelle, who agrees to help him after he is mistaken for a mentally disabled trombone prodigy and makes a fool of himself in front of a band camp concert audience.


title: American Pie 2

text: The group hosts a small party where Kevin and his ex-girlfriend Vicky awkwardly lie to one another regarding the number of sexual partners they have had at college. Oz attempts to have phone sex with his girlfriend Heather while she is studying abroad in Spain but they are interrupted by Stifler.


title: American Pie 2

text: While painting a house, the group observes the two female occupants Stifler assumes are lesbians and he enters their home while they are away in order to find proof. Jim and Finch pursue him inside in an attempt to stop him when the women return home and find the trio inside. They tempt the boys with some quid pro quo sex acts. However, when Stifler exposes his genitals after the women request watching the boys give each other handjobs, Finch and Jim leave in disgust.


title: American Pie 2

text: Jim visits Michelle again to obtain sexual tips and they are nearly caught by a camp director. Stifler brings the group pornography and Jim later accidentally mistakes super glue for lubricant and learns his penis will be "unusable" for a short period of time. Meanwhile, Finch has become involved in the art of Tantra and waits to use his new skills with Stifler's mom, who he mistakenly believes has arrived but is disappointed when he learns it is Stifler's younger brother.


title: American Pie 2

text: Nadia unexpectedly arrives early, much to the dismay of Jim as his penis has not fully healed. He and Michelle pretend to be in a relationship. However, she realizes that she has fallen in love with him but stages a mock breakup the night of the party so that Jim is free to hook up with Nadia. As the party begins, Jim realizes that he loves Michelle. Jim interrupts her concert performance and they return to the party together.


title: American Pie 2

text: Meanwhile, Sherman is seduced by Nadia who is attracted to his geeky persona. Kevin is disappointed to learn Vicky has brought a date and storms off onto the beach. Oz is happy when Heather unexpectedly arrives early. Jim, Oz, and Finch speak to Kevin, who admits he is struggling to move on after high school; but they reassure and convince him to return to the party. The group returns, Kevin apologizes to Vicky, and they all enjoy an evening of partying together. The two "lesbians" arrive to the party and later have a threesome with Stifler.


title: American Pie 2

text: The next day, the group prepares to leave when a car pulls up; Finch approaches and finds Stifler's mom inside. They drive off together and have sex again.


title: American Pie 2

text: Principal photography began on February 14 and wrapped on April 27, 2001. Two versions of the film were released: the theatrical version and the unrated version. For the theatrical version, the film was cut slightly with a total of 19 scenes being altered. As a result, "American Pie 2" achieved an R rating from the Motion Picture Association of America due to "strong sexual content, crude humor, language and drinking."


title: American Pie 2

text: During the opening weekend, "American Pie 2" grossed $45.1 million from 3,063 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking at number one at the box office ahead of "Rush Hour 2", a record for an R-rated comedy, surpassing "Scary Movie". This record would be held until 2008 when it was surpassed by "Sex and the City". Overall, it had the second-highest opening weekend for any R-rated film, behind "Hannibal". For 14 years, the film would hold the record for having the highest August opening weekend for an R-rated film until "Straight Outta Compton" took it in 2015. It was the fourth consecutive Universal film of the year to reach $40 million in a single weekend, after "The Mummy Returns", "The Fast and the Furious" and "Jurassic Park III". For the first time in history, four consecutive films had approached the $45 million mark in their opening weekends, after the latter film, "Rush Hour 2" and "Planet of the Apes". "American Pie 2" became the first film to top the box office for multiple weeks since "Pearl Harbor".


title: American Pie 2

text: The film's theatrical run wrapped up on December 20, 2001, with a final domestic gross of $145,103,595 and $142,450,000 overseas, adding to a total worldwide gross of $287,553,595. It grossed $8.4 million in its opening weekend in Germany, a record for a comedy and for United International Pictures in the country, beating UIP's previous record set by "Jurassic Park". In the UK, the film dethroned "Moulin Rouge!" to reach the number one spot, earning $8 million. It spent three weeks at the top of the box office before being displaced by "The Others".


title: American Pie 2

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 127 reviews. The website's consensus states: "Being a sequel, "American Pie 2" doesn't retain the freshness of the original, nor is it as funny." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 43 out of 100 based on reviews from 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average rating of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.


title: American Pie 2

text: Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars. In "At the Movies", Ebert and Richard Roeper both gave the film "two thumbs up", with Roeper stating that the film had "more laughs than the original".


title: American Pie 2

text: "American Pie 2" was released on VHS and DVD on January 15, 2002. The movie was released in two different versions: the theatrical version and the unrated version. They consist of widescreen and fullscreen versions and feature Dolby Digital and DTS audio tracks.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Shortness of breath (SOB), also medically known as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE), is an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough. The American Thoracic Society defines it as "a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of its distinct sensations, the degree of distress and discomfort involved, and its burden or impact on the patient's activities of daily living. Distinct sensations include effort/work to breathe, chest tightness or pain, and "air hunger" (the feeling of not enough oxygen). The tripod position is often assumed to be a sign.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Dyspnea is a normal symptom of heavy physical exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations, when resting or during light exertion. In 85% of cases it is due to asthma, pneumonia, cardiac ischemia, interstitial lung disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or psychogenic causes, such as panic disorder and anxiety. The best treatment to relieve or even remove shortness of breath typically depends on the underlying cause.


title: Shortness of breath

text: The American Thoracic Society defines dyspnea as: "A subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity." Other definitions also describe it as "difficulty in breathing", "disordered or inadequate breathing", "uncomfortable awareness of breathing", and as the experience of "breathlessness" (which may be either acute or chronic).


title: Shortness of breath

text: While shortness of breath is generally caused by disorders of the cardiac or respiratory system, others such as the neurological, musculoskeletal, endocrine, hematologic, and psychiatric systems may be the cause. DiagnosisPro, an online medical expert system, listed 497 distinct causes in October 2010. The most common cardiovascular causes are acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure while common pulmonary causes include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema and pneumonia. On a pathophysiological basis the causes can be divided into: (1) an increased awareness of normal breathing such as during an anxiety attack, (2) an increase in the work of breathing and (3) an abnormality in the ventilatory or respiratory system.


title: Shortness of breath

text: The tempo of onset and the duration of dyspnea are useful in knowing the etiology of dyspnea. Acute shortness of breath is usually connected with sudden physiological changes, such as laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, or pneumothorax. Patients with COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have a mild onset and gradual progression of dyspnea on exertion, punctuated by acute exacerbations of shortness of breath. In contrast, most asthmatics do not have daily symptoms, but have intermittent episodes of dyspnea, cough, and chest tightness that are usually associated with specific triggers, such as an upper respiratory tract infection or exposure to allergens.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Acute coronary syndrome frequently presents with retrosternal chest discomfort and difficulty catching the breath. It however may atypically present with shortness of breath alone. Risk factors include old age, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. An electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes are important both for diagnosis and directing treatment. Treatment involves measures to decrease the oxygen requirement of the heart and efforts to increase blood flow.


title: Shortness of breath

text: People that have been infected by COVID-19 may have symptoms such as a fever, dry cough, loss of smell and taste, and in moderate to severe cases, shortness of breath.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Congestive heart failure frequently presents with shortness of breath with exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. It affects between 1–2% of the general United States population and occurs in 10% of those over 65 years old. Risk factors for acute decompensation include high dietary salt intake, medication noncompliance, cardiac ischemia, abnormal heart rhythms, kidney failure, pulmonary emboli, hypertension, and infections. Treatment efforts are directed towards decreasing lung congestion.


title: Shortness of breath

text: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), most commonly emphysema or chronic bronchitis, frequently have chronic shortness of breath and a chronic productive cough. An acute exacerbation presents with increased shortness of breath and sputum production. COPD is a risk factor for pneumonia; thus this condition should be ruled out. In an acute exacerbation treatment is with a combination of anticholinergics, beta-adrenoceptor agonists, steroids and possibly positive pressure ventilation.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Asthma is the most common reason for presenting to the emergency room with shortness of breath. It is the most common lung disease in both developing and developed countries affecting about 5% of the population. Other symptoms include wheezing, tightness in the chest, and a non productive cough.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred treatment for children, however these drugs can reduce the growth rate. Acute symptoms are treated with short-acting bronchodilators.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Pneumothorax presents typically with pleuritic chest pain of acute onset and shortness of breath not improved with oxygen. Physical findings may include absent breath sounds on one side of the chest, jugular venous distension, and tracheal deviation.


title: Shortness of breath

text: The symptoms of pneumonia are fever, productive cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic chest pain. Inspiratory crackles may be heard on exam. A chest x-ray can be useful to differentiate pneumonia from congestive heart failure. As the cause is usually a bacterial infection, antibiotics are typically used for treatment.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Pulmonary embolism classically presents with an acute onset of shortness of breath. Other presenting symptoms include pleuritic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and fever. Risk factors include deep vein thrombosis, recent surgery, cancer, and previous thromboembolism. It must always be considered in those with acute onset of shortness of breath owing to its high risk of mortality. Diagnosis, however, may be difficult and Wells Score is often used to assess the clinical probability. Treatment, depending on severity of symptoms, typically starts with anticoagulants; the presence of ominous signs (low blood pressure) may warrant the use of thrombolytic drugs.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Anemia that develops gradually usually presents with exertional dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, and tachycardia. It may lead to heart failure. Anaemia is often a cause of dyspnea. Menstruation, particularly if excessive, can contribute to anaemia and to consequential dyspnea in women. Headaches are also a symptom of dyspnea in patients with anaemia. Some patients report a numb sensation in their head, and others have reported blurred vision caused by hypotension behind the eye due to a lack of oxygen and pressure; these patients have also reported severe head pains, many of which lead to permanent brain damage. Symptoms can include loss of concentration, focus, fatigue, language faculty impairment and memory loss.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Shortness of breath is common in people with cancer and may be caused by numerous different factors. In people with advanced cancer, acute shortness of periods of time with severe shortness of breath may occur, along with a more continuous feeling of breathlessness.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Other important or common causes of shortness of breath include cardiac tamponade, anaphylaxis, interstitial lung disease, panic attacks, and pulmonary hypertension. Also, around 2/3 of women experience shortness of breath as a part of a normal pregnancy.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Cardiac tamponade presents with dyspnea, tachycardia, elevated jugular venous pressure, and pulsus paradoxus. The gold standard for diagnosis is ultrasound.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Anaphylaxis typically begins over a few minutes in a person with a previous history of the same. Other symptoms include urticaria, throat swelling, and gastrointestinal upset. The primary treatment is epinephrine.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Interstitial lung disease presents with gradual onset of shortness of breath typically with a history of a predisposing environmental exposure. Shortness of breath is often the only symptom in those with tachydysrhythmias.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Panic attacks typically present with hyperventilation, sweating, and numbness. They are however a diagnosis of exclusion.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury, phrenic nerve injuries, Guillain–Barré syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and muscular dystrophy can all cause an individual to experience shortness of breath. Shortness of breath can also occur as a result of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD).


title: Shortness of breath

text: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that generally presents with dry cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath, although multiple organ systems may be affected, with involvement of sites such as the eyes, the skin and the joints.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Different physiological pathways may lead to shortness of breath including via ASIC chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and lung receptors.


title: Shortness of breath

text: It is thought that three main components contribute to dyspnea: afferent signals, efferent signals, and central information processing. It is believed the central processing in the brain compares the afferent and efferent signals; and dyspnea results when a "mismatch" occurs between the two: such as when the need for ventilation (afferent signaling) is not being met by physical breathing (efferent signaling).


title: Shortness of breath

text: Afferent signals are sensory neuronal signals that ascend to the brain. Afferent neurons significant in dyspnea arise from a large number of sources including the carotid bodies, medulla, lungs, and chest wall. Chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and medulla supply information regarding the blood gas levels of O, CO and H. In the lungs, juxtacapillary (J) receptors are sensitive to pulmonary interstitial edema, while stretch receptors signal bronchoconstriction. Muscle spindles in the chest wall signal the stretch and tension of the respiratory muscles. Thus, poor ventilation leading to hypercapnia, left heart failure leading to interstitial edema (impairing gas exchange), asthma causing bronchoconstriction (limiting airflow) and muscle fatigue leading to ineffective respiratory muscle action could all contribute to a feeling of dyspnea.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Efferent signals are the motor neuronal signals descending to the respiratory muscles. The most important respiratory muscle is the diaphragm. Other respiratory muscles include the external and internal intercostal muscles, the abdominal muscles and the accessory breathing muscles.


title: Shortness of breath

text: As the brain receives its plentiful supply of afferent information relating to ventilation, it is able to compare it to the current level of respiration as determined by the efferent signals. If the level of respiration is inappropriate for the body's status then dyspnea might occur. There is also a psychological component to dyspnea, as some people may become aware of their breathing in such circumstances but not experience the typical distress of dyspnea.


title: Shortness of breath

text: The initial approach to evaluation begins by assessment of the airway, breathing, and circulation followed by a medical history and physical examination. Signs and symptoms that represent significant severity include hypotension, hypoxemia, tracheal deviation, altered mental status, unstable dysrhythmia, stridor, intercostal indrawing, cyanosis, tripod positioning, pronounced use of accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid, scalenes) and absent breath sounds.


title: Shortness of breath

text: A number of scales may be used to quantify the degree of shortness of breath. It may be subjectively rated on a scale from 1 to 10 with descriptors associated with the number (The Modified Borg Scale). The MRC breathlessness scale suggests five grades of dyspnea based on the circumstances and severity in which it arises.


title: Shortness of breath

text: A number of labs may be helpful in determining the cause of shortness of breath. D-dimer, while useful to rule out a pulmonary embolism in those who are at low risk, is not of much value if it is positive, as it may be positive in a number of conditions that lead to shortness of breath. A low level of brain natriuretic peptide is useful in ruling out congestive heart failure; however, a high level, while supportive of the diagnosis, could also be due to advanced age, kidney failure, acute coronary syndrome, or a large pulmonary embolism.


title: Shortness of breath

text: A chest x-ray is useful to confirm or rule out a pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, or pneumonia. Spiral computed tomography with intravenous radiocontrast is the imaging study of choice to evaluate for pulmonary embolism.


title: Shortness of breath

text: The primary treatment of shortness of breath is directed at its underlying cause. Extra supplemental oxygen is effective in those with hypoxia; however, this has no effect in those with normal blood oxygen saturations.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Individuals can benefit from a variety of physical therapy interventions. Persons with neurological/neuromuscular abnormalities may have breathing difficulties due to weak or paralyzed intercostal, abdominal and/or other muscles needed for ventilation. Some physical therapy interventions for this population include active assisted cough techniques, volume augmentation such as breath stacking, education about body position and ventilation patterns and movement strategies to facilitate breathing. Pulmonary rehabilitation may alleviate symptoms in some people, such as those with COPD, but will not cure the underlying disease. Fan therapy to the face has been shown to relieve shortness of breath in patients with a variety of advanced illnesses including cancer. The mechanism of action is thought to be stimulation of the trigeminal nerve.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Systemic immediate release opioids are beneficial in emergently reducing the symptom severity of shortness of breath due to both cancer and non cancer causes; long-acting/sustained-release opioids are also used to prevent/continue treatment of dyspnea in palliative setting. There is a lack of evidence to recommend midazolam, nebulised opioids, the use of gas mixtures, or cognitive-behavioral therapy yet.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Non-pharmacological interventions provide key tools for the management of breathlessness. Potentially beneficial approaches include active management of psychosocial issues (anxiety, depression, etc.), and implementation of self-management strategies, such as physical and mental relaxation techniques, pacing techniques, energy conservation techniques, learning exercises to control breathing, and education. The use of a fan may possibly be beneficial. Cognitive behavioural therapy may also be helpful.


title: Shortness of breath

text: For people with severe, chronic, or uncontrollable breathlessness, non-pharmacological approaches to treating breathlessness may be combined with medication. For people who have cancer that is causing the breathlessness, medications that have been suggested include opioids, benzodiazepines, oxygen, and steroids. Results of recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses found opioids were not necessarily associated with more effectiveness in treatment for patients with advanced cancer.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Ensuring that the balance between side effects and adverse effects from medications and potential improvements from medications needs to be carefully considered before prescribing medication. The use of systematic corticosteriods in palliative care for people with cancer is common, however the effectiveness and potential adverse effects of this approach in adults with cancer has not been well studied.


title: Shortness of breath

text: Shortness of breath is the primary reason 3.5% of people present to the emergency department in the United States. Of these individuals, approximately 51% are admitted to the hospital and 13% are dead within a year. Some studies have suggested that up to 27% of hospitalized people develop dyspnea, while in dying patients 75% will experience it. Acute shortness of breath is the most common reason people requiring palliative care visit an emergency department. Up to 70% of adults with advanced cancer also experience dyspnoea.


title: Shortness of breath

text: English "dyspnea" comes from Latin "dyspnoea", from Greek "dyspnoia", from "dyspnoos", which literally means "disordered breathing". Its combining forms ("dys-" + "-pnea") are familiar from other medical words, such as "dysfunction" ("dys-" + "function") and "apnea" ("a-" + "-pnea"). The most common pronunciation in medical English is , with the "p" expressed and the stress on the /niː/ syllable. But pronunciations with a silent "p" in "pn" (as also in "pneumo-") are common ( or ), as are those with the stress on the first syllable ( or ).


title: Shortness of breath

text: In English, the various "-pnea"-suffixed words commonly used in medicine do not follow one clear pattern as to whether the /niː/ syllable or the one preceding it is stressed; the "p" is usually expressed but is sometimes silent depending on the word. The following collation or list shows the preponderance of how major dictionaries pronounce and transcribe them (less-used variants are omitted):


title: Dave Annable

text: David Rodman Annable (born September 15, 1979) is an American actor. His roles include Justin Walker on the ABC television drama "Brothers & Sisters" (2006–11), Henry Martin on the ABC supernatural drama "666 Park Avenue" (2012–13), and Pierce Harrison on the NBC medical drama "Heartbeat" (2016).


title: Dave Annable

text: Annable was born in Suffern, New York. He grew up in Walden, a village in New York, where he played baseball, rugby and hockey. His father is Christian and his mother is of Jewish descent, and he was "raised both".


title: Dave Annable

text: Annable attended Valley Central High School and graduated in 1997. He attended college at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh (SUNY Plattsburgh). There, he became involved with the student-run TV station, Plattsburgh State Television (PSTV), working both on production behind the scenes and on the air as well. He hosted many shows at PSTV, including "Late Night with Dave Annable", "Cardinal Sports", and "The Roommate Game". Annable credits Plattsburgh State Television for preparing him for his successful career in television. Annable dropped out of college in 2003 to pursue his acting career.


title: Dave Annable

text: After leaving SUNY Plattsburgh, Annable studied acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York with Richard Pinter.


title: Dave Annable

text: In 2002, Annable made his acting debut in an episode of the NBC crime drama "Third Watch". Annable has appeared in numerous commercials for brands such as Mountain Dew, Starburst and Abercrombie and Fitch. In 2004, Annable appeared in the films "Little Black Book" and "Spellbound". In September 2005, Annable began appearing as Aaron Lewis on the Fox drama series "Reunion", which centers on six friends who attend their 20th high school reunion, where one of them is murdered and all of them are suspects. In December, Fox cancelled the series due to low ratings shortly after the ninth episode aired. The WB reportedly showed interest in picking up the series on their network, but these plans never materialized.


title: Dave Annable

text: In 2006, Annable was cast as Justin Walker on the ABC drama series "Brothers & Sisters" alongside Calista Flockhart, Rachel Griffiths, and Sally Field, which was picked up for a full season by the network. In 2007, Annable was ranked as #7 on "People" magazine's annual list of Sexiest Men Alive. In 2008, Annable won a Prism Award for Best Performance in a Drama Series Multi-Episode Storyline for his portrayal on "Brothers & Sisters". The series ran for five seasons until 2011.


title: Dave Annable

text: In January 2012, Annable was confirmed to star as the male protagonist on the ABC supernatural drama series "666 Park Avenue" alongside Rachael Taylor, Vanessa Williams and Robert Buckley, which was picked up for a first season of 13 episodes in May. The series debuted in September only to be cancelled by November and removed from the network's schedule in December. "666 Park Avenue" returned to ABC in June 2013 to burn off its remaining episodes.


title: Dave Annable

text: In 2014, Annable starred on the Fox series "Red Band Society", where he played the role of pediatric oncologist and surgeon Dr. Adam McAndrew. In 2016, he appeared as Pierce Harris on the NBC medical drama "Heartbeat" alongside Melissa George and Don Hany. Both series were also cancelled after one season.


title: Dave Annable

text: In 2016, he landed recurring role as Teddy Grant on Fox's comedy series "The Mick" alongside Kaitlin Olson. On April 5, 2016, it was announced that Annable joined the WWE Studio action film "Armed Response" alongside Wesley Snipes and Anne Heche. The movie was released in theaters on August 4, 2017. He also starred as author Joe McGinniss in Jeffrey MacDonald true crime murder movie "Final Vision" on Investigation Discovery.


title: Dave Annable

text: On August 3, 2017, Annable was cast as Lee Dutton, a cowboy, who serves as his father's (Kevin Costner) right-hand man in running the ranch, in the pilot episode of Paramount Network's period drama "Yellowstone". He starred as Billy opposite his real life wife Odette Annable in a Freeform holiday movie "No Sleep 'Til Christmas." In 2019, Annable played the role of Dr. Ian Harris in Netflix's social thriller "What/If ." In 2020, he guest starred as Kirby in an episode of NBC drama series "This Is Us".


title: Dave Annable

text: Annable had a relationship with his "Brothers & Sisters" co-star Emily VanCamp beginning in 2007, who later became his half sister on the series. He married Odette Yustman on October 10, 2010, who was also a love interest of Annable's character on the final season of "Brothers & Sisters". They have two daughters. In October 2019, the couple announced their separation, but announced their reconciliation in August 2020.


title: Dave Annable

text: Five years after dropping out of college, Annable earned his diploma from SUNY Plattsburgh on May 15, 2010. In addition to earning his diploma, Annable was awarded the "Off To A Good Start" award and gave a commencement address to his fellow Class of 2010 graduates. Completing college was a promise he made to his mother.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Manichitrathazhu () is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language epic psychological horror film directed by Fazil, written by Madhu Muttam, and produced by Swargachitra Appachan. The film stars Mohanlal, Suresh Gopi and Shobana with Nedumudi Venu, Innocent, Vinaya Prasad, K.P.A.C.Lalitha, Sridhar, K.B.Ganesh Kumar, Sudheesh, and Thilakan in supporting roles. The story is inspired by a tragedy that happened in the Nair"tharavad", a central Travancore family, in the 19th century.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Directors Sibi Malayil, Priyadarshan and Siddique–Lal served as the second-unit directors. The cinematography was by Venu, and Anandakuttan and Sunny Joseph served as the second-unit cinematographers, the film was edited by T. R. Shekar. The original songs featured in the movie were composed by M. G. Radhakrishnan, while the original score was composed by Johnson. The film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment and Shobhana was awarded the National Film Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Ganga / Nagavalli.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: The film dealt with an unusual theme which was not common in Indian cinema at the time. The film completed 300 days of run in many theatres. "Manichitrathazhu" was remade in four languages – in Kannada as "Apthamitra" which in turn was remade in Tamil as "Chandramukhi" , in Bengali as "Rajmohol" and in Hindi as "Bhool Bhulaiyaa" – all being commercially successful. "Geethaanjali", a spin-off directed by Priyadarshan and Mohanlal reprising the role of Dr. Sunny Joseph was made in 2013. "Manichitrathazhu" is considered by many critics as one of the best films ever made in Malayalam cinema and developed a cult following in the years after its release.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Years ago, Nakulan's uncle, Thampi, wanted him to marry his daughter Sreedevi. Nakulan's mother, Sharadha, rejected the proposal as Sreedevi's horoscope was an ominous one. Later Nakulan falls in love with Ganga and they get married. Sreedevi is also married, but her marriage ends up in a divorce.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: In the present day, Ganga and Nakulan arrive at their hometown from Kolkata. Thampi learns that Nakulan has decided to stay at the family mansion named Madampalli, despite all attempts to dissuade them. The couple moves in with the help of the family including Thampi's wife and children, Thampi's sister Bhasura, her husband Unnithan, and their daughter Alli.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Later Bhasura reveals the reason why everyone fears the mansion. About 150 years ago, Sankaran Thambi Karanavar, the then head of the family traveled to Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, where he met and fell for a dancer named Nagavalli. However, she did not reciprocate his feelings as she was already in love with another dancer named Ramanathan. As a result, Karanavar took her back to his palace by force. Unknown to him, Nagavalli made Ramanathan stay in a cottage next to the palace and met him secretly. When Karanavar discovered this, he slew Nagavalli on a Durgashtami night in her room named Thekkini situated at the southwest corner of the house. Nagavalli's ghost tried to take her revenge. Karanavar with the help of various priests and sorcerers tamed the ghost by locking it up in the same room. The Karanavar too commits suicide shortly afterward.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: In the present day, Alli and Mahadevan (a college professor) are in love, and their marriage is fixed. Listening to Nagavalli's story, Ganga thinks that it was fabricated to scare thieves from stealing treasures in the room. So, Ganga gets the room key's duplicate from Alli and opens the room. She is scolded by Sreedevi, for the locksmith and the man who gave the key to Alli, have both been bedridden.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Subsequently, strange things begin to happen in the household; apparitions of a woman frighten the people in the house, things inexplicably break, and Ganga's "sari" catches fire during the day. The needle of suspicion falls on Sreedevi, who is generally found to be gloomy. Nakulan immediately calls up his psychiatrist friend Dr. Sunny from the United States to solve the case. As soon as Sunny arrives, an unknown person tries to kill Alli by locking her up in a storeroom.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Sunny also uncovers other incidents such as an attempt to kill Nakulan by poisoning, as well as a mysterious voice singing from upstairs during the night.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Ganga mysteriously disappears during a Kathakali Night. Sunny notices her absence and searches for her, and with Nakulan's help finds Ganga, who is apparently being harassed by Mahadevan.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: After the confusions settle, Sunny reveals to Mahadevan and Nakulan that all the problems in the house are orchestrated by Ganga, who suffers from split personality disorder. Sunny tells them that Ganga who frequently transforms into Nagavalli's personality tried to kill Alli and Nakulan (who impersonates the Karanavar) and frame Mahadevan for sexual harassment by Nagavalli's alter ego. Mahadevan impersonates her lover Ramanathan since the former stays at the same house Ramanathan did. By framing Mahadevan, Ganga's alter ego planned to stop his marriage to Alli and get him back. Now the only way to stop Nagavalli's influence on Ganga is to make her believe that she killed her enemy Karanavar on Durgashtami.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Thampi calls in a renowned tantric expert, Brahmadathan Namboothiripad to solve the family's menace. To everyone's surprise, Sunny and Brahmadathan are long-time friends and they discuss the matter deeply as Sunny makes a rather unconventional plan to cure Ganga. Before carrying out his plan, Sunny asks Nakulan to provoke Ganga to see for himself whether she turns into the Nagavalli spilt persona or not. When Nakulan does so, she transforms into her Nagavalli persona, which shocks him. A worried Nakulan shouts at Ganga, turning her back to normal.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: On Durgashtami night, Sunny and Brahmadathan allow Nagavalli to behead Nakulan posing as the Karanavar. Brahmadathan suddenly blows smoke and ash on Ganga's face when she is given a sword to kill Nakulan. Simultaneously Sunny turns a part of the platform over to let Nakulan escape, and a lifeless dummy of the Karanavar gets sliced instead. Convinced that her enemy is dead, Nagavalli leaves Ganga's body, permanently curing her.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: The family bids farewell to Ganga, Nakulan, and Sunny. Sunny expresses his desire to marry Sreedevi before leaving.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: The haunting Thekkini was created inside the Vasan House in Chennai, the house of late S. S. Vasan, the founder of Gemini Studios. It was one of the film’s key locations apart from Padmanabhapuram Palace and Hill Palace.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: The climax scene and major parts of the film were filmed in Padmanabhapuram Palace and Hill Palace, Tripunithura. The painting of Nagavalli was made by artist Shri R. Madhavan, drawn without a live model.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: Shobana's voice was dubbed by two dubbing artistesBhagyalakshmi and Durga. Bhagyalakshmi dubbed her voice for Ganga, while Durga gave voice to the character's alter-ego, Nagavalli. Nagavalli's voice is heard only in the minor part of the film compared to Ganga's. Durga was not credited in the film or its publicity material and until 2016, the popular belief was that Bhagyalakshmi solely dubbed both voices.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: In January 2016, in an article "Ormapookkal" published by "Manorama Weekly", Fazil revealed that initially Bhagyalakshmi dubbed for both Ganga and Nagavalli, but during post-production, some of the crew, including editor Shekar, had a feeling that both voices sounded somewhat similar even though Bhagyalakshmi tried altering her voice for Nagavalli. Since Nagavalli's dialogue are in Tamil language, Fazil hired Tamil dubbing artist Durga for the part. But he forgot to inform it to Bhagyalakshmi, hence she was also unaware of it for a long time. Fazil did not credit Durga in the film; according to him, it was a difficult to make changes in the titles at that time, which was already prepared and her portion in the film was minor. The credits included only Bhagyalakshmi as the dubbing artiste for Shobana. Other dubbing artistes were Anandavally and Ambili, who dubbed for Vinaya Prasad and Rudra.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: The soundtrack for the film was composed by M. G. Radhakrishnan which went on to become one of the most popular film albums in Malayalam. The album consists of nine tracks. The lyrics sung are in Malayalam and Tamil written by Bichu Thirumala and Madhu Muttam for Malayalam and Vaali for Tamil.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: "Manichitrathazhu" was released on 25 December 1993, and performed well at the box office, becoming the highest-grossing Malayalam film ever, to that date. It ran for more than 365 days in some centres. The film had a collection of 7 crore.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: "Manichitrathazhu" is considered as a classic and is hailed as one of the best films ever made in Malayalam cinema. The film has consistently fetched maximum ratings for its television screenings. Even twenty years after its release it has been screened more than 12 times a year on an average on Kerala's leading TV channel, Asianet. The film has received the maximum TRP rating on every screening; TRP ratings have increased every year, a rare record for a film produced in Kerala. For many Malayalis, Manichitrathazhu is a part of their cultural lives.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: In a 2013 online poll in India by "IBN Live", "Manichitrathazhu" was voted second among India's Greatest Films, by audience. The poll was conducted as part of the celebration of Indian cinema completing 100 years. The poll constituted a list of 100 films from different Indian languages.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: One of the most memorable or defining scenes of the movie where Nakulan provokes Ganga to transform into the Nagavalli persona was recreated in later Malayalam films like Om Shanti Oshana.


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: "Manichithrathazhu" was remade in many languages such as in Kannada as "Apthamitra" (2004), in Tamil & Telugu as "Chandramukhi" (2005), in Bengali as "Rajmohol" (2005) and in Hindi as "Bhool Bhulaiyaa" (2007).


title: Manichitrathazhu

text: A spin-off titled "Geethaanjali" was released on 14 November 2013, directed by Priyadarshan with Mohanlal reprising his role as Sunny in lead role and Suresh Gopi reprised his role as Nakulan but in a cameo appearance.


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: Encore (stylized as ƎNCORE) is the fifth studio album by American rapper Eminem. It was released on November 12, 2004, by Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records, and Interscope Records. Its release date was originally set for November 17, 2004, but Eminem moved the release date to five days earlier after the album was leaked to the internet. As reflected on the album cover—Eminem taking a bow—the album was widely considered to be Eminem's final album of new material.


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: The album contains several lyrical themes, most notably Eminem's opposition to then-US president George W. Bush and a parody towards Michael Jackson. The album features more comedic themes and lyrics than Eminem's previous albums.


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: Critical reception of "Encore" was less favorable than Eminem's previous albums, with most of the second half being heavily criticized for its lackluster quality and lack of lyrical content, though "Mockingbird" and "Like Toy Soldiers" were particularly highly praised and retrospectively have been noted as being some of Eminem's best songs. The album has sold 11 million copies worldwide and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 17, 2004.


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: "Encore" provoked some controversy over anti-Bush lyrics and lyrics that parodied and targeted Jackson, who was upset about Eminem's depiction of him in the video for "Just Lose It". Retrospectively, "Encore" is often considered to be one of Eminem's two worst albums alongside "Revival".


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: The album featured two covers, the first cover features Eminem standing in front of an audience, bowing to the crowd. The tray insert features Eminem holding a gun behind his back. The inlay shows Eminem holding the pistol in his mouth without the jacket of his shirt and tie. The CD itself shows a note written by Eminem saying "To my family & all my friends, thank you for everything, I will always love you. To my fans, I'm Sorry, Marshall" with a bullet underneath the note. The note is also seen in the album's booklet, where Eminem is writing the note. Some pictures show Eminem shooting everybody, which makes a reference to the ending of the album's title track. The second cover features the same audience from the inlay on a black background with a blood splat on the top right. This cover is used for the Shady Collector's Edition.


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: "Encore" received generally positive reviews from critics, but received more of a negative response compared to his past three albums. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 64, based on 26 reviews. Josh Love from "Stylus Magazine" felt Eminem was "dying" with this album, whose concept was "end-to-end mea culpa", full of "clarifications, rectifications and excuses", revising the history of "a man who knows he doesn't have much time left". Scott Plangenhoef, writing for "Pitchfork Media" called "Encore" a "transitional record" and "the sound of a man who seems bored of re-branding and playing celebrity games". BBC Music's Adam Webb believed it starts "fantastically" but ends "abominably", writing that it has too many "low points". David Browne from "Entertainment Weekly" said Eminem "sacrifices the rich, multi-textured productions" of his two previous albums for "thug-life monotony, cultural zingers for petty music-biz score-settling, and probing self-analysis for juvenile humor". He concluded his review by saying that Eminem has become "predictable" on "Encore", something that he wasn't before.


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: Stephen Thomas Erlewine was more enthusiastic in his review for AllMusic, calling the music "spartan", built on "simple unadorned beats and keyboard loops", and the lyrics "plain-spoken and literal". Robert Christgau said Eminem still sounded "funny, catchy and clever, and irreverent past his allotted time", noting that even the bonus tracks "keep on pushing". In "Rolling Stone", he wrote that "Encore" was not as "astonishing" as "The Marshall Mathers LP", but praised Eminem for maturing his lyrical abilities while retaining his sense of humor. Steve Jones from "USA Today" also spoke positively about the album, calling Eminem's producing and lyrical skills as "top-flight" and noting that the record explores "the many sides of Marshall Mathers". The album earned Eminem Grammy Award nominations in three categories at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards: Best Rap Album, Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for the song "Encore", and Best Rap Solo Performance for the song "Mockingbird".


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: "Encore" provoked some controversy over anti-Bush lyrics and lyrics that parodied and targeted Michael Jackson, who was upset about Eminem's depiction of him in the video for "Just Lose It". On December 8, 2003, the United States Secret Service admitted it was "looking into" allegations that Eminem had threatened the President of the United States, George Bush, after the song "We as Americans", as an unreleased bootleg, circulated with the lyrics "Fuck money, I don't rap for dead presidents. I'd rather see the president dead." This line was eventually used as a sample in Immortal Technique's single "Bin Laden", which featured Mos Def and Chuck D. The incident was later referenced in the video for his song "Mosh" as one several news clips on a wall, along with other newspaper articles about other unfortunate incidents in Bush's career. The song eventually appeared on the album's bonus disc, with the word "dead" being reversed.


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: About the album's reception, Eminem said: "I'm cool with probably half that album. I recorded that towards the height of my addiction. I remember four songs leaked and I had to go to L.A. and get Dre and record new ones. I was in a room by myself writing songs in 25, 30 minutes because we had to get it done, and what came out was so goofy. That's how I ended up making songs like 'Rain Man' and 'Big Weenie'. They're pretty out there. If those other songs hadn't leaked, "Encore" would've been a different album." In the "Kamikaze" interview he did with Sway Calloway, although he stated that ""Encore"... [is] not what I would consider one of my better albums", in the same interview, he considered it better than its follow-up "Relapse". He reiterates his statement about "Encore" in 2022 for the XXL's 25th anniversary issue and singled out the album as his first «misstep»: "It became a misstep and I struggled to get over the fact that I didn't do my best. My best would've been good enough if the leaks hadn't happened. But I released what I had at that point in time, and I feel that put a kind of a mark on my catalog. Encore did some decent numbers, but I was never that concerned with numbers. I was more so worried about what people think about the album. Critics and fans were important to me, and they were always at me about that project."


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: "Encore" was pushed up to a midweek release to combat leaks. Regardless, it sold 710,000 copies with only three days of sales. The following week, the album's first with a full seven days, it moved 871,000 copies, bringing the 10 day total to 1,582,000. It was certified quadruple-platinum that mid-December. Nine months after its release, worldwide sales of the album stood at 11 million copies. The album made digital history in becoming the first album to sell 10,000 digital copies in one week. As of November 2013, the album had sold 5,343,000 copies in the US.


title: Encore (Eminem album)

text: "Encore" sold 125,000 copies in two days in the United Kingdom, and has been certified quadruple-platinum.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: The new Israeli shekel ( '; ; sign: ₪; ISO code: ILS; abbreviation: NIS), also known as simply the Israeli shekel (, ), is the currency of Israel and is also used as a legal tender in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The new shekel is divided into 100 agorot. The new shekel has been in use since 1 January 1986, when it replaced the hyperinflated old shekel at a ratio of 1000:1.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: The currency sign for the new shekel is a combination of the first Hebrew letters of the words "shekel" () and "ẖadash" () (new). When the shekel sign is unavailable the abbreviation "NIS" ( and ) is used.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: The origin of the name "shekel" () is from the ancient Biblical currency by the same name. An early Biblical reference is Abraham being reported to pay "four hundred shekels of silver" to Ephron the Hittite for the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. Shekel is any of several ancient units of weight or of currency in ancient Israel, from the Hebrew root ש-ק-ל (š-q-l) meaning 'weigh' (שָׁקַל šaqal 'to weigh', שֶׁקֶל šeqel 'a standard weight'), common with other Semitic languages like Akkadian (resp. šaqālu and šiqlu) and Aramaic (resp. תְּקַל teqal and תִּקְלָא tiqla). Initially, it may have referred to a weight of barley. In ancient Israel, the shekel was known to be about 180 grains (11 grams or 0.35 troy ounces).


title: Israeli new shekel

text: There is evidence that the word entered the Germanic languages as "shilling" through Phoenician "shekel", Punic "sql" (sə'kel) meaning 'weigh' and 'coin'. The two meanings given in the literature in both Germanic and Semitic word are the same for both a fixed weight and a certain coin. The term would come from the Germanic understanding of shekel as shkel with the common Germanic suffix "-ling".


title: Israeli new shekel

text: From the formation of the modern State of Israel on 14 May 1948 through 1952 banknotes continued to be issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank as the Palestine pound which was pegged at £P1 = £1 sterling. In 1952, the "Anglo-Palestine Bank" changed its name to "Bank Leumi Le-Yisrael" (National Bank of Israel) and the currency name became the Israeli pound.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: The Israeli pound (, ""lira yisraelit"") was the currency of the State of Israel from June 1952 until 23 February 1980, when it was replaced with the shekel on 24 February 1980. From 1955, after the Bank of Israel was established and took over the duty of issuing banknotes, only the Hebrew name was used, along with the symbol "IL". The pegging to sterling was abandoned on 1 January 1954, and in 1960, the sub-division of the Israeli pound was changed from 1,000 prutot to 100 agorot.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: Because "lira" () was a loanword from Latin, a debate emerged in the 1960s over the name of the Israeli currency due to its non-Hebrew origins. This resulted in a law ordering the Minister of Finance to change the name from "lira" to the Hebrew name "shekel" (). The law allowed the minister to decide on the date for the change. The law came into effect in February 1980, when the Israeli government introduced the 'Israeli shekel' (now called old Israeli shekel), at a rate of IL10 = IS 1.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: The original shekel, now known as the "old shekel", was the currency of the State of Israel between 24 February 1980 and 31 December 1985. Both it and its predecessor, the Israeli pound, experienced frequent devaluations against foreign currencies during the 1960s and 1970s. This trend culminated in the old shekel experiencing hyperinflation in the early 1980s. After inflation was contained as a result of the 1985 Economic Stabilization Plan, the new shekel was introduced, replacing the old shekel on 1 January 1986 at a rate of to


title: Israeli new shekel

text: Since the economic crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent introduction of the new shekel in 1985, the Bank of Israel and the government of Israel have maintained much more careful and conservative fiscal and monetary policies, and have gradually introduced various market-based economic reforms. In addition, the signing of free trade agreements helped the Israeli economy become more competitive, while heavy investment in its industrial and scientific base allowed the country to take advantage of opportunities associated with the rise of the global knowledge economy, thus greatly increasing exports and opening new markets for its products and services. As a result of these factors, inflation has been relatively low and the country now maintains a positive balance of payments, with a current account surplus equivalent to about 3% of its GDP in 2010. Consequently, its currency has strengthened though less so than an exceptional rise in the Euro and Swiss Franc, rising approximately 20% in value relative to the US dollar from 2001 to 2011, contrasting to weakening in prior decades.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: Since 1 January 2003, the new shekel has been a freely convertible currency. Since 7 May 2006, new shekel derivative trading has also been available on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. This makes the new shekel one of only twenty or so world currencies for which there are widely available currency futures contracts in the foreign exchange market. It is also a currency that can be exchanged by consumers in many parts of the world. On 26 May 2008, CLS Bank International announced that it would settle payment instructions in new shekels, making the currency fully convertible.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: In 1985, coins in denominations of 1 agora, 5 agorot, 10 agorot, ₪, and ₪1 were introduced. In 1990, ₪5 coins were introduced, followed by ₪10 coins in 1995. Production of 1 agora pieces ceased in 1990, and they were removed from circulation on 1 April 1991. A ₪2 coin was introduced on 9 December 2007. The 5 agorot coin, last minted in 2007, was removed from circulation on 1 January 2008.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: In April 2011, it was reported that new coins would be minted that would use less metal and thus lower costs. Counterfeiting would also be harder. The Bank of Israel is considering dropping the word "new" on the planned coins series. If approved, this would be the first replacement of all coins since the introduction of the new shekel coins in September 1985. The coins are minted by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO).


title: Israeli new shekel

text: Beginning on 4 September 1985. banknotes are introduced in denominations of ₪10, and ₪50. An note followed on 8 May 1986 and the note issued on 19 August 1986. On 2 April 1988, the note issued and the note issued on 16 February 1992 completing the family. The ₪5 and ₪10 notes used the same basic designs as the earlier 5000, and notes but with the denominations altered.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: The ₪5 and ₪10 notes were later replaced by coins. A number of these coins, in their first minting, had the images of the individuals on the notes engraved on them.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: The Second series of bank notes was released in 1999, replacing the first series by 2005. A plan to issue a banknote, carrying the portrait of Yitzhak Rabin, was announced shortly after Rabin's assassination in 1995. However, due to low inflation rates, there was no need for such a banknote and it was never issued.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: The committee proposed that the new series would bear the portraits of prominent Hebrew poets, among them Rachel Bluwstein, Shaul Tchernichovsky, Leah Goldberg and Nathan Alterman. In December 2010, it was announced that the series would feature portraits of Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin, Rachel, and Shmuel Yosef Agnon. When Begin's family opposed the decision, the committee's original proposal was readopted.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: On 14 November 2012, the Bank of Israel announced that the new series of banknotes is in the final stages of design. The first of the new banknotes to begin circulation was in the ₪50 denomination on 16 September 2014, followed by the ₪200 note on 23 December 2015. The final two denominations, ₪20 and ₪100, were issued on 23 November 2017, completing the "Series C" banknote series.


title: Israeli new shekel

text: With the issuing of the third series, the Bank of Israel has adopted the standard English spelling of "shekel" and plural "shekels" for its currency. Previously, the Bank had formally used the Hebrew transcriptions of "sheqel" and "sheqalim" (from ). The new notes also used the Arabic "(šaykal)" rather than "(šayqal)", which had been used on all banknotes previously.


title: Radiohead discography

text: The English rock band Radiohead have released nine studio albums, one live album, five compilation albums, one remix album, nine video albums, seven EPs, 33 singles and 48 music videos. Their debut album, "Pablo Honey," released in February 1993, peaked at number 22 in the United Kingdom, receiving platinum certifications in the UK and US. Radiohead's debut single, "Creep", is their most successful, entering the top ten in several countries. Their second album, "The Bends", released in March 1995, peaked at number four in the UK, where it was certified triple platinum.


title: Radiohead discography

text: "OK Computer", Radiohead's third album, was released in May 1997. It became their most successful album, peaking at number one in the United Kingdom and Ireland and reaching the top ten in several other countries. It was certified triple platinum and produced the UK top-ten singles "Paranoid Android", "Karma Police" and "No Surprises". "Kid A" followed in October 2000, topping the charts in the UK and becoming first number-one Radiohead album on the United States "Billboard" 200. "Amnesiac" was released in May 2001, topping the UK charts and producing the singles "Pyramid Song" and "Knives Out". "Hail to the Thief" was released in June 2003, ending Radiohead's contract with EMI. It was Radiohead's fourth consecutive UK number-one album and was certified platinum.


title: Radiohead discography

text: Radiohead released their seventh album, "In Rainbows," in October 2007 as a download for which customers could set their own price; a conventional retail release followed. It sold more than three million copies in one year. Two singles were released, including "Nude", Radiohead's first top-40 hit on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 since "Creep". Radiohead self-released their eighth album, "The King of Limbs," in February 2011. It ended their streak of number-one albums in the UK, peaking at number seven, and is the only Radiohead album not to be certified gold in the US. In April 2016, following the purchase of EMI by Universal Music, Radiohead's back catalogue was transferred to XL Recordings, who had released the retail editions of "In Rainbows" and "The King of Limbs". Radiohead self-released their ninth album," A Moon Shaped Pool", in May 2016, backed by the singles "Burn the Witch" and "Daydreaming".


title: Radiohead discography

text: In June 2017, Radiohead and XL released a 20th-anniversary "OK Computer" reissue, "OK Computer OKNOTOK 1997 2017", including unreleased tracks, two of which were released as download singles: "I Promise" and "Man of War". In June 2019, several hours of recordings from the "OK Computer" period leaked online; in response, Radiohead made them available to purchase online as "MiniDiscs [Hacked]", with all proceeds to the environmentalist group Extinction Rebellion. "Kid A Mnesia", an anniversary reissue compiling "Kid A", "Amnesiac" and previously unreleased material, was released in November 2021; it was promoted with the singles "If You Say the Word" and "Follow Me Around".


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Dearborn is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 109,976. Dearborn is the seventh most-populated city in Michigan and is home to the largest Muslim population in the United States per capita. It also is home to the largest mosque in the United States.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: First settled in the late 18th century by ethnic French farmers in a series of ribbon farms along the Rouge River and the Sauk Trail, the community grew in the 19th century with the establishment of the Detroit Arsenal on the Chicago Road linking Detroit and Chicago. In the 20th century, it developed as a major manufacturing hub for the automotive industry.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Henry Ford was born on a farm here and later established an estate in Dearborn, as well as his River Rouge Complex, the largest factory of his Ford empire. He developed mass production of automobiles, and based the world headquarters of the Ford Motor Company here. The city has a campus of the University of Michigan as well as Henry Ford College. The Henry Ford, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor historic museum complex and Metro Detroit's leading tourist attraction, is located here.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Dearborn residents are Americans primarily of European or Middle Eastern ancestry, many descendants of 19th and 20th-century immigrants. The primary European ethnicities, as identified by respondents to the census, are German, Polish, Irish, and Italian. Because of new waves of immigration from the Middle East in the late 20th century, the largest ethnic grouping is now composed of descendants of various nationalities of that area: Muslims and Christians from Lebanon and Palestine, as well as immigrants from Syria, Iraq, and Yemen.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Before European encounter, the area had been inhabited for thousands of years by successive indigenous peoples. Historical tribes belonged mostly to the Algonquian-language family, especially the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi and related peoples. In contrast, the Huron (Wyandot) were Iroquoian speaking. French colonists had a trading post at Fort Detroit and a settlement developed there in the colonial period. Another developed on the south side of the Detroit River in what is now southwestern Ontario, near a Huron mission village. French and French-Canadian colonists also established farms at Dearborn in this period. France ceded all of its territory east of the Mississippi River in North America to Great Britain in 1763 after losing to the English in the Seven Years' War.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Beginning in 1786, after the United States gained independence in the American Revolutionary War, more European Americans entered this region, settling in Detroit and the Dearborn area. With population growth, Dearborn Township was formed in 1833 and the village of Dearbornville in 1836, each named after patriot Henry Dearborn, a general in the American Revolution who later served as Secretary of War under President Thomas Jefferson. The Town of Dearborn was incorporated in 1893. Through much of the 19th century, the area was largely rural and dependent on agriculture.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Stimulated by industrial development in Detroit and within its own limits, in 1927 Dearborn was established as a city. Its current borders result from a 1928 consolidation vote that merged Dearborn and neighboring Fordson (previously known as Springwells), which feared being absorbed into expanding Detroit.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: According to historian James W. Loewen, in his book "Sundown Towns" (2005), Dearborn discouraged African Americans from settling in the city. In the early 20th century, both whites and African Americans migrated to Detroit for industrial jobs. Over time, some city residents relocated in the suburbs. Many of Dearborn's residents "took pride in the saying, 'The sun never set on a Negro in Dearborn'". According to Orville Hubbard, the segregationist mayor of Dearborn from 1942 to 1978, "as far as he was concerned, it was against the law for a Negro to live in his suburb." Hubbard told the "Montgomery Advertiser" in the mid-1950s, "Negroes can't get in here. Every time we hear of a Negro moving in, we respond quicker than you do to a fire."


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: The area between Dearborn and Fordson was undeveloped, and still remains so in part. Once farm land, much of this property was bought by Henry Ford for his estate, Fair Lane, and for the Ford Motor Company World Headquarters. Later developments in this corridor were the Ford airport (later converted to the Dearborn Proving Grounds), and other Ford administrative and development facilities.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: More recent additions are The Henry Ford (a reconstructed historic village and museum), the Henry Ford Centennial Library, the super-regional shopping mall Fairlane Town Center, and the Ford Performing Arts Center. The open land is planted with sunflowers and often with Ford's favorite crop of soybeans. The crops are never harvested.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: With the growth and achievements of the Arab-American community, they developed and in 2005 opened the Arab American National Museum (AANM), the first museum in the world devoted to Arab-American history and culture. Arab Americans in Dearborn include descendants of Lebanese Christians who immigrated in the early twentieth century to work in the auto industry, as well as more recent Arab immigrants and their descendants from other, primarily Muslim nations.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: In January 2019, Dearborn Mayor John "Jack" O'Reilly, Jr., terminated the contract of Bill McGraw, new editor of the "Dearborn Historian", a city publication. He refused to allow distribution of the Autumn 2018 issue to subscribers. That issue, on the 100th anniversary of Henry Ford's acquisition of the "Dearborn Independent" newspaper, discussed the influence that Ford exerted in expressing his anti-Semitism. The mayor's suppression of the issue received national publicity. The Dearborn Historical Commission held an emergency meeting and passed a resolution calling for the mayor to reverse these actions. The suppressed article was published in "DeadlineDetroit" and may be read here.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.37%) is water. The city developed on both sides of the Rouge River. An artificial waterfall/low head dam was constructed by Henry Ford on his estate to power its powerhouse. The Upper, Middle, and Lower Branches of the river come together in Dearborn. The river is widened and channeled near the Rouge Plant to allow lake freighter access.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Fordson Island () is an island about three miles (5 km) upriver on the River Rouge from its confluence with the Detroit River. Fordson Island is the only major island in a tributary to the Detroit River. The island was created in 1922 when engineers dug a secondary trench to reroute the River Rouge to increase navigability for shipping purposes; businesses needed it to be navigable by the large lake freighters. The island is privately owned, and public access is prohibited. The island is part of the city of Dearborn, which has no frontage along the Detroit River.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Dearborn is among a small number of municipalities that own property in other cities. It owns the Camp Dearborn in Milford, Michigan, which is located from Dearborn. Dearborn was among an even smaller number of cities that hold property in another state: for a time the city owned the "Dearborn Towers" apartment complex in Clearwater, Florida, but this has been sold. Camp Dearborn is considered part of the city of Dearborn. Revenues generated by camp admissions are incorporated into the city's budget.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: As of the 2010 census, the population of Dearborn was 98,153. The racial and ethnic composition was 89.1% Whites, 4.0% black or African-American, 0.2% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.2% Non-Hispanics of some other race, 4.0% reporting two or more races and 3.4% Hispanic or Latino. 41.7% were of Arab ancestry (categorized as "White" in Census collection data).


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: In Census 2000, 61.9% spoke only English, while 29.3% spoke Arabic, 1.9% Spanish, and 1.5% Polish as first languages. There were 36,770 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.42.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: The median income for a household in the city was $44,560, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $45,114 versus $33,872 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,488. About 12.2% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 and over.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: As of the 2012 estimate, Dearborn's population was thought to have fallen to 96,474, a decrease of 1.7% since 2010. Over the same period, though, SEMCOG, the local statistics agency of Metro Detroit Council of Governments, has estimated the city to have grown to 99,001, or an increase of 1.2% since 2000. SEMCOG's July 2014 estimate listed Dearborn with a population of 102,566.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Dearborn has a large community of descendants of ethnic Europeans who arrived as immigrants from the mid-19th into the 20th centuries. Their ancestors generally first settled in Detroit: Irish, German, Italians, and Polish. It is also a center of Maltese American settlement, from the Mediterranean island of Malta. Also attracted to jobs in the auto industry, some were among immigrant Maltese who first settled in Corktown.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: The city has a small African American population, many of whose ancestors came to the area from the rural South during the Great Migration of the early twentieth century.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: The city's population includes 40,000 Arab Americans. Per the 2000 census, Arab Americans totaled 29,181 or 29.85% of Dearborn's population; many are descendants of families who have been in the city since the early 20th century. The city has the largest proportion of Arab Americans in the United States. As of 2006 Dearborn has the largest Lebanese American population in the United States.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: The first Arab immigrants came in the early-to-mid-20th century to work in the automotive industry and were chiefly Lebanese Christians (Maronites). Other immigrants from the Middle East (Assyrians/Chaldeans/Syriacs) have also immigrated to the area. Since then, Arab immigrants from Yemen, Iraq and the Palestinian territories, most of whom are Muslim, have joined them. Lebanese Americans comprise the largest group of ethnic Arabs. The Arab Muslim community has built the Islamic Center of America, the largest mosque in North America, and the Dearborn Mosque. More Iraqi refugees have come, fleeing the continued war in their country since 2003.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Warren Avenue has become the commercial center of the Arab-American community. The Arab American National Museum is located in Dearborn. The museum was opened in January 2005 to celebrate the Arab American community's history, culture and contributions to the United States.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: In 2010, Nabeel Qureshi, David Wood, and two other people acting as Christian missionaries, were arrested at the Dearborn International Arab Festival. They had been handing out Christian literature aimed at Muslim believers. The four were prosecuted for breach of the peace. Police ordered them to stop filming the incident, to provide identification, and to move at least five blocks from the border of the fair. After reviewing the video evidence, the jury acquitted the defendants. The four defendants filed a separate civil suit against the city. Dearborn was found to have violated their constitutional rights related to freedom of speech. The city settled the lawsuit and issued a formal apology to the individuals.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Sharron Angle, a Republican senatorial candidate in Nevada, said in an October 2010 political speech that the Arab Americans in Dearborn contributed to a "militant terrorist situation," and that the city government was enforcing Islamic "sharia" law. Mayor Jack O'Reilly strongly criticized Angle, saying "She took it as face value and maligned the city of Dearborn and I consider that totally irresponsible".


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Preacher Terry Jones of Gainesville, Florida, known for burning a Quran, the sacred book of Islam, planned a protest in 2011 outside the Islamic Center of America. Local authorities required him either to post a $45,000 "peace bond" to cover Dearborn's cost if Jones incited violence, or to go to trial. Jones contested that requirement, and he and his co-pastor Wayne Sapp refused to post the bond. They were held briefly in jail, while claiming violation of First Amendment rights. That night Jones was released by the court. The ACLU had filed an "amicus brief" in support of Jones's protest plans. A week later, on April 29, Jones led a rally at the Dearborn City Hall, in a designated free speech zone. Riot police were called out to control counter protesters. Jones also planned to speak at the annual Arab Festival on June 18, 2011, but his route was blocked by protesters, six of whom were arrested. Police said they did not have enough officers present to maintain safety. Christian missionaries accompanied Jones with their own protest signs.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: On November 11, 2011, Wayne County Circuit Court Judge Robert Ziolkowski vacated the "breach of peace" ruling against Jones and Sapp on the grounds that they were denied due process. On April 7, 2012, Jones led another protest in front of the Islamic Center of America, where he spoke about Islam and free speech. The mosque officials had locked it down to prevent damage. The city used thirty police cars to block traffic from the area in an effort to prevent a counter protest.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Ford Motor Company has its world headquarters in Dearborn. In addition its Dearborn campus contains many research, testing, finance, and some production facilities. Ford Land controls the numerous properties owned by Ford, including sales and leasing to unrelated businesses, such as the Fairlane Town Center shopping mall. DFCU Financial, the largest credit union in Michigan, was created for Ford and related companies' employees.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: One of the largest employers in Dearborn is Oakwood Healthcare System. Other major employers include auto suppliers like Visteon, education facilities such as Henry Ford College, and museums such as The Henry Ford. Other businesses headquartered in Dearborn include Carhartt (clothing), Eppinger (fishing lures), AAA Michigan (insurance), and the Society of Manufacturing Engineers.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: According to the city's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are:


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: University of Michigan–Dearborn and Henry Ford College are located in Dearborn on Evergreen Road and are adjacent to each other. Concordia University Dearborn Center, and Central Michigan University both offer classes in Dearborn. Career training schools include Kaplan Career Institute, ITT Tech, and Sanford Brown College.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Dearborn residents, along with a small portion of Dearborn Heights residents, attend Dearborn Public Schools. The system operates 34 schools including three major high schools: Fordson High School, Dearborn High School and Edsel Ford High School. The public schools serve more than 18,000 students in the fourth-largest district in the state.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Divine Child High School and Elementary School are private schools in Dearborn; the high school is the largest private coed high school in the area. Henry Ford Academy is a charter high school inside Greenfield Village and the Henry Ford Museum. Another charter secondary school is Advanced Technology Academy. Dearborn Schools operated the Clara B. Ford High School inside Vista Maria, a non-profit residential treatment agency for girls in Dearborn Heights. Clara B. Ford High School became a charter school in the 2007–08 school year.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: A small portion of the city limits is within the Westwood Community School District. The sections of Dearborn within the district are zoned for industrial and commercial uses.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: The Islamic Center of America operates the Muslim American Youth Academy (MAYA), an Islamic elementary and middle school.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit operates Sacred Heart Elementary School. It previously operated the St. Alphonsus School in Dearborn. In 2003 the archdiocese closed the high school of St. Alphonsus; and in 2005 closed the St. Alphonsus elementary school.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Global Educational Excellence operates multiple charter schools in Dearborn: Riverside Academy Early Childhood Center, Riverside Academy East Campus (K-5), and Riverside Academy West Campus (6–12).


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Dearborn Public Library includes the Henry Ford Centennial Library, which is the main library; and the Bryant and Esper branches.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Dearborn's first public library opened in 1924 at the building now known as the Bryant Branch. This served as the main library until the Ford library opened in 1969. In 1970 what became known as the Mason building was classified as a branch library. The library was renamed in 1977 after Katharine Wright Bryant, who developed a plan for the library and campaigned for it.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Around April 1963 the Ford Motor Company granted the City of Dearborn $3 million to build a library as a memorial to Henry Ford. Ford Motor Company deeded of vacant land for the public library to the city on July 30, 1963, the centennial or 100th anniversary of Henry Ford's birth. The Ford Foundation later granted the library an additional $500,000 for supplies and equipment. On November 25, 1969, the library was dedicated. Library employees have occupied the building since its opening; originally only the library had offices in the building. In 1979 the library staff gave up the western side's meeting rooms, and the City of Dearborn Health Department occupied those rooms.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: The Esper Branch, the smallest branch, is located in what is known as the Arab residential quarter of the city. The library has about 35,000 books, entertainment and educational videocassettes, music CDs, children's music cassettes, audio books, and magazines. Newspapers are also available. It features many Arabic-language books, newspapers, and videocassettes for Arabic-speaking residents. This library was dedicated on October 12, 1953. Originally named the Warren Branch, this structure had replaced the Northeast Branch, which opened in a storefront in 1944. In October 1961 it was named after city councilman Anthony M. Esper.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: During the years 1934 to 1943, during and after the Great Depression, murals were commissioned for federal public buildings in the United States through the Section of Painting and Sculpture, later called the Section of Fine Arts, of the Treasury Department. They often featured representation of local history. In 1938 artist Rainey Bennett painted an oil-on-canvas mural for the federal post offices in Dearborn titled, "Ten Eyck's Tavern on Chicago Road".


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Dearborn, operating its "Wolverine" three times daily in each direction between Chicago, Illinois and Pontiac, via Detroit. Baggage cannot be checked at this location; however, up to two suitcases, in addition to any "personal items" such as briefcases, purses, laptop bags, and infant equipment, are allowed on board as carry-ons. There are two rail stops in Dearborn: the regular Amtrak station and a rarely used station at Greenfield Village. Amtrak operates on Norfolk Southern's (NS) "Michigan Line". This track runs from Dearborn to Kalamazoo, Michigan. Most of the freight traffic on these rails is related to the automotive industry. Norfolk Southern's Dearborn Division offices are also located in Dearborn.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Dearborn is served by buses of both the Detroit Department of Transportation (DDOT) and the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) systems.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: From 1924 to 1947, Dearborn was the site of Ford Airport. It featured the world's first concrete runway and the first scheduled U.S. passenger service.


title: Dearborn, Michigan

text: Launched in March 2021, SMART Flex is an on-demand public transit service launched in partnership with TransitTech company Via Transportation as a way to help encourage first-and-last mile connections to existing bus routes as well as trips to universities, grocery stores, local hospitals and other destinations. SMART Flex is available to residents and workers in Dearborn, Troy, the Hall Road corridor between Utica and New Baltimore, Pontiac/Auburn Hills, and Farmington/Farmington Hills to book rides using the SMART Flex app.