title: Andy Biersack

text: For his early education, Biersack attended a Catholic elementary school, which he has spoken of in many interviews. His preschool teacher was Jamie Peters, who had a big influence on his creativity. Because of the way Biersack dressed and the music he listened to (i.e. Kiss, the Misfits, Avenged Sevenfold, the Damned, the Dropkick Murphys, etc.), he was the target of bullying at school. This bullying is reenacted in the "Knives and Pens" music video, performed by his band, Black Veil Brides.


title: Andy Biersack

text: For high school, Biersack attended Cincinnati's School for Creative and Performing Arts, and majored in drama and vocal music. Two days after he turned 18, he left school before graduating to move to Los Angeles in hopes of furthering his potential career.


title: Andy Biersack

text: At age 14, Andy Biersack and a few of his friends formed their first band, called "Biersack" (although they only played one show). This project eventually grew into what would later be known as Black Veil Brides.


title: Andy Biersack

text: In September 2009 Black Veil Brides signed with the independent label StandBy Records. The writing process for a tour and a record began immediately. In 2009 they released their first music video for "Knives and Pens", which to date has garnered over 200 million views. The band embarked on their first US tour, titled "On Leather Wings". Their debut album, "We Stitch These Wounds", was released July 20, 2010 and sold over 13,000 copies in its first week, ranking at No. 36 on the Billboard Top 200 chart and No. 1 on the Billboard Independent chart. The band's second studio album, "Set the World on Fire", was released on June 14, 2011, through Lava Music/Universal Republic Records. The band's third album, "", was released on January 8, 2013. Their fourth self-titled album was released on October 27, 2014. Their fifth album "Vale" was released January 12, 2018. In celebration of the 10th anniversary of their first album "We Stitch These Wounds", a re-recording of the album titled "Re-Stitch These Wounds" was released on July 31, 2020, followed their sixth album "The Phantom Tomorrow" on October 29, 2021.


title: Andy Biersack

text: In May 2014, Biersack revealed to Kerrang! magazine that he had been working on new music outside Black Veil Brides under the moniker 'Andy Black'. He explained that his solo project will have a radically different sound compared to the band, and that he felt he couldn't create that sound within the band, thus deciding to take it on as a solo artist. Andy's inspiration for this project was his love for '80s synth and goth music. He will be working with former Black Veil Brides producer John Feldmann. Despite this project, he reassured his fans that this does not mean this is his primary focus, but rather more of a hobby or a side-project. On May 19, 2014, he premiered his first song, titled "They Don't Need to Understand", online with a music video via Hot Topic.


title: Andy Biersack

text: On March 17, 2016, Biersack announced the title of his first Andy Black album "The Shadow Side", scheduled to be released on May 6, 2016. The lead single from the project, "We Don't Have to Dance" was released on March 18, 2016, with a music video for the song being released on March 21.


title: Andy Biersack

text: On February 15, 2019, Biersack announced his second album, "The Ghost of Ohio", which was released on April 12, 2019. The album's lead single "Westwood Road" was released the same day.


title: Andy Biersack

text: After his move to Los Angeles, he took up acting for a short time. He had a small part in the AT&T commercial "Confetti", as well as a 30-second spot in the Montana Meth commercial "Jumped". Biersack guest stars in the Funny or Die web series "Average Joe" on YouTube. He also starred in the Black Veil Brides full-length feature film, "Legion of the Black", which was released on January 6, 2013, to support the band's third album.


title: Andy Biersack

text: In February 2016, Biersack was cast to play the role of Johnny Faust in the independent supernatural thriller film "American Satan" alongside Asking Alexandria member Ben Bruce. The film, directed by Sumerian Records founder Ash Avildsen, was released on October 13, 2017.


title: Andy Biersack

text: Biersack authored the supernatural, historical fiction graphic novel "Ghost of Ohio", in collaboration with Z2 Comics. The graphic novel was released on April 19, 2019, as a tie-in to the album "The Ghost of Ohio".


title: Andy Biersack

text: Biersack wrote "They Don't Need to Understand: Stories of Hope, Fear, Family, Life, and Never Giving In" with longtime journalist Ryan J. Downey, which arrived in December 2020.


title: Andy Biersack

text: Biersack's stage name was "Andy Six" up until around 2011 when he decided that he preferred to be called by his birth name, Andy Biersack.


title: Andy Biersack

text: In an interview with "Loudwire" in 2012, Biersack said, "I'm not a religious person but I grew up in a religious family. I went to the funeral for my grandfather, a person that I love very much, and everyone is speaking about how he went to Heaven and how he's in Heaven. I always fight with that, because I would love nothing more to believe that my grandfather is in the clouds playing or whatever awesome stuff they have up in Heaven, but I can't."


title: Andy Biersack

text: Biersack is a fan of comic books, he's listed comics such as "", "V For Vendetta", "", and "Kingdom Come" as favorites.


title: Andy Biersack

text: On October 30, 2016, Biersack was involved in a physical altercation with his wife, Juliet Simms, on a flight back to Los Angeles. According to the video testimony given by adult film actress Mary Carey, a witness to the incident, Simms forcibly struck Biersack in the face twice. Carey also stated Simms struck herself in the face with the airline handcuffs until her nose began to bleed, alleging that she was defending herself against Biersack. In a video recorded by another passenger, Simms accused Biersack of breaking her ribs. Witnesses on the plane state Biersack did not lay a hand to Simms. Following the incident, both released statements about the effects of alcohol and confirming that they did not separate after the incident.


title: Andy Biersack

text: Biersack has suffered multiple injuries while performing with Black Veil Brides, most notably his fall from a pillar on June 18, 2011, in Hollywood. In an attempt to jump back onto the stage, he fell forward and hit his ribcage, knees and skull on the edge, which resulted in three ribs shattered, and one displaced. That particular injury caused Black Veil Brides to have to miss the first week of the Vans Warped Tour in 2011. On October 26, 2011, while on another tour in the UK, Biersack broke his nose on the drum riser while performing a gig in Luxembourg, resulting in more missed tour dates. However, two days later, he performed with Black Veil Brides in London.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Pia Zadora (born Pia Alfreda Schipani, May 4, 1954) is an American actress and singer. After working as a child actress on Broadway, in regional theater, and in the film "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians" (1964), she came to national attention in 1981 when, following her starring role in the highly criticized "Butterfly", she won a Golden Globe Award as New Star of the Year while simultaneously winning the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress and the Worst New Star for the same performance.


title: Pia Zadora

text: When in the 1980s Zadora's film career failed to achieve critical success, she switched her focus to music. As a singer, Zadora has released several albums featuring popular standards, often backed by a symphonic orchestra. She was nominated for a Grammy in 1984.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora was born Pia Alfreda Schipani in Hoboken, New Jersey. Her father, Alphonse Schipani, was an Italian-American violinist, and her mother, Saturnina Schipani (née Zadorowski), was a Polish-American theatrical wardrobe supervisor for Broadway productions, the Metropolitan Opera and the New York City Opera.


title: Pia Zadora

text: She adapted part of her mother's maiden name as her stage name. Zadora appeared as a child actress with Tallulah Bankhead in "Midgie Purvis." She played the youngest sister (Bielke) in the Broadway production of "Fiddler on the Roof" (1964–66).


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora's first film role was Girmar, a young Martian girl, in 1964's "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians", widely regarded as one of the worst films ever made.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora's acting career made little headway until, while touring with a musical production in 1972, she met Meshulam Riklis, 30 years older than she. The couple married on September 18, 1977. Not long after her marriage, Zadora had a breakthrough as the Dubonnet Girl, appearing in print and television commercials for the apéritif wine, in whose American distributor Riklis was a shareholder. Zadora starred alongside Stacy Keach and Orson Welles in the 1982 film of James M. Cain's novel "Butterfly," the plot for which involved father–daughter incest. The musical score featured Zadora singing "It's Wrong for Me to Love You." She won that year's Golden Globe Award as Best New Star of the Year amid charges that Riklis had purchased the award with a promotional campaign that included Zadora's image presented prominently on Sunset Boulevard billboards, an appearance in "Playboy" magazine, and entertaining Golden Globe voters. Most critics, however, responded negatively to Zadora's performance (for example, "The New York Times" film critic Vincent Canby described Zadora's performance in the film as "spectacularly inept"), and she received the 1982 Razzies awards for both Worst New Star and Worst Actress.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora next starred in the 1982 film "Fake-Out," also called "Nevada Heat," a women in prison B-movie comedy co-starring Telly Savalas and Desi Arnaz Jr. In 1983 she appeared in the film adaptation of the Harold Robbins novel "The Lonely Lady," portraying an aspiring screenwriter who achieves success after surviving sexual assault. For this performance she received the 1983 Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress. On the basis of being multiply recognized by the Golden Raspberry Awards, Zadora was named Worst New Star of the Decade (1980–89) and nominated as Worst Actress of the 1980s.


title: Pia Zadora

text: In 1985, Zadora starred as the object of an extraterrestrial's affections in the musical comedy "Voyage of the Rock Aliens." In addition to displaying her comedic side, the film showcased her musical talents and featured half of the songs from her 1984 album "Let's Dance Tonight." In 1988 she appeared as a beatnik in John Waters's film "Hairspray," about which the film critic Roger Ebert wrote "If nothing else is worth the price of admission to this movie, perhaps you will be persuaded by the prospect of Zadora reading from Allen Ginsberg's "Howl.""


title: Pia Zadora

text: In 2000, Zadora was nominated at the 20th Golden Raspberry Awards as Worst Actress of the Century, ultimately losing to Madonna.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Although as an actress, Zadora's performances have generated critical hostility, she has attained greater critical success as a singer. Zadora's cover of the Shirley Ellis hit "The Clapping Song," recorded for the film score of "The Lonely Lady" in 1983, reached the U.S. top 40 (her only Top 40 hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100), and in 1984 she had a hit duet with Jermaine Jackson titled "When the Rain Begins to Fall" from the movie "Voyage of the Rock Aliens." In 1985, she received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for the song "Rock It Out," losing to Tina Turner's "Better Be Good to Me." Also in 1985, Zadora released "Pia & Phil," an album of standards with the London Philharmonic Orchestra, and recorded a follow-up album in 1986 titled "I Am What I Am".


title: Pia Zadora

text: In 1988, Zadora worked with producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis on an album titled "When the Lights Go Out." The album was released only in Europe, and the single "Dance Out of My Head" did not chart despite the top producers and club remixes by Shep Pettibone and Ben Liebrand. In 1989, Zadora recorded the album "Pia Z" with producer Narada Michael Walden; this album also failed to chart. The single "Heartbeat of Love" included club remixes by Robert Civillés and David Cole of C+C Music Factory. "Pia Today!" (1988) and "Only for Romantics" (1991), two additional albums/CDs of standards, received only limited promotional release. "Pia—The Platinum Collection," a three-CD compilation, was released in 1993 and sold in the United States via infomercials. The album included repackaged versions of "Pia & Phil," "I Am What I Am," and "Pia Today!".


title: Pia Zadora

text: In 1994, Zadora had a cameo appearance in the comedy "." In her segment of the film, Zadora performed the Steve Allen–penned "This Could Be the Start of Something Big" during a parody of an Academy Awards musical number.


title: Pia Zadora

text: According to her website, in 2020 Zadora released a new album featuring American standards, entitled "All or Nothing At All".


title: Pia Zadora

text: In 2011, Zadora began a small attempt at a comeback with a cabaret show titled "Pia Zadora: Back Again, and Standing Tall." In February, she performed at the Eissey Campus Theatre in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida and the Kaye Auditorium in Boca Raton. She took the show to The Rrazz Room in San Francisco on June 8 where it ran for five performances until June 12.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora appeared at San Francisco's Rrazz Room's 3rd annual Rrazziversary Gala Celebration and Benefit for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital on March 17, 2011, and at the Nevada Children's Center's Great Gatsby Gala on April 3, 2011.


title: Pia Zadora

text: In 2012, Zadora performed with the Desert Symphony Orchestra at the McCallum Theatre in Palm Desert, California, and appeared on the TV show "Celebrity Ghost Stories."


title: Pia Zadora

text: Since 2013, Zadora has hosted and performed "Pia's Place" at Las Vegas restaurant Piero's Italian Cuisine.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora married businessman Meshulam Riklis in 1977, when she was 23, and he was 54. She was a marquee headliner at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas during the early 1970s owing to her association with Riklis and Sinatra. Zadora and Riklis bought the Beverly Hills mansion Pickfair Manor in January 1988 from Los Angeles Lakers owner Jerry Buss for almost US$7 million. They demolished most of the structure while keeping the guest houses, claiming that termites and time had made repairs difficult.


title: Pia Zadora

text: The mansion, which drew its name of Pickfair from having once been the shared home of Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, was torn down and a new mansion was built on the property. Zadora later claimed on a September 2012 episode of BIO's "Celebrity Ghost Stories" that Pickfair was razed owing to a troubling apparition that appeared to her and children when her husband was away on business. Riklis commissioned a nude oil portrait of Zadora, which greeted visitors.


title: Pia Zadora

text: With first husband Riklis, she had children Kady Zadora (born 1985) and Kristofer Barzie (born 1987). Kady was named after Zadora's film character in "Butterfly," which later inspired the call letters for station KADY-TV in Oxnard, California, after Riklis acquired it in 1988. After he divested himself of his ownership, it changed its call letters to KBEH.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora and Riklis divorced in 1993, and Zadora remained in the mansion until late 2005 or early 2006, when she sold it to Korean businessman Corry Hong for US$17,650,000.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora's second husband was writer–director Jonathan Kaufer. They were married from August 1995 to November 2001, and had one child, Jordan Maxwell Kaufer. In 2010 a defamation lawsuit brought by Kaufer against Zadora, which alleged that Zadora falsely accused Kaufer of sexually molesting their son, was dismissed because the presiding judge found Zadora's comments to be protected speech.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Zadora has been married to Michael Jeffries, a detective with the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, since 2005 and currently resides in Summerlin, Nevada. Zadora and Jeffries met after Zadora contacted the Las Vegas Police to report a stalking incident.


title: Pia Zadora

text: In June 2013, following an altercation with her teenage son Jordan, Zadora was charged with domestic violence battery and coercion, and jailed after a SWAT team surrounded her home. Zadora, who admitted to drinking alcohol before the incident and confirmed the cause of the altercation, was later ordered by the presiding judge to "stay out of trouble for a year, attend impulse control counseling and follow recommendations of [an] alcohol evaluation."


title: Pia Zadora

text: In September 2014, Zadora was hospitalized in the intensive care unit of University Medical Center of Southern Nevada due to head and leg injuries sustained in a golf cart accident. By December, she was back to work.


title: Pia Zadora

text: The cult TV series "Mystery Science Theater 3000" had riffed her debut film "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians" as a third season episode.


title: Pia Zadora

text: Her appearance on the aforementioned "Hairspray" was referenced on an earlier episode of "MST3K", this time "First Spaceship on Venus".


title: Guerrilla Games

text: Guerrilla B.V. (trade name: Guerrilla Games) is a Dutch first-party video game developer based in Amsterdam and part of PlayStation Studios. The company was founded as Lost Boys Games in January 2000 through the merger of three smaller development studios as a subsidiary of multimedia conglomerate company Lost Boys. Lost Boys Games became independent the following year and was acquired by Media Republic in 2003, renaming the studio to Guerrilla Games before being purchased by Sony Interactive Entertainment in 2005. As of June 2021, the company employs 360 people under the leadership of joint studio heads Angie Smets, Jan-Bart van Beek, and Michiel van der Leeuw. It is best known for the "Killzone" and "Horizon" game series.


title: Guerrilla Games

text: Guerrilla is the result of a merger between three Dutch video game studios: Orange Games, Digital Infinity, and Formula Game Development. Orange Games was founded in 1993 by Arjan Brussee, the co-designer of the 1994 game "Jazz Jackrabbit"; Digital Infinity was founded by Arnout van der Kamp in 1995; and Formula was founded by Martin de Ronde in 1998 and sold to Lost Boys (a multimedia conglomerate company owned by Michiel Mol) in 1999. The three studios merged, forming Lost Boys Games as a subsidiary of Lost Boys on 1 January 2000. With de Ronde as managing director, the new company employed 25 people, growing to 40 by November 2000. Hermen Hulst was hired from a consulting firm to replace de Ronde as managing director the following year. In 2001, when Lost Boys merged with Swedish media company IconMediaLab, Lost Boys Games was spun off into an independent entity, though under the continued ownership of Mol.


title: Guerrilla Games

text: Lost Boys Games began developing Game Boy Color games with original characters, but the studio found that publishers would rather release games including licensed characters. Because the studio did not want to compromise on significantly altering the characters it had created, it was unable to find a publisher for them. Consequently, Lost Boys Games moved on to work-for-hire projects, creating four handheld games: "Dizzy's Candy Quest" (Game Boy Color, 2001), "Rhino Rumble" (Game Boy Color, 2002), "Black Belt Challenge" (Game Boy Advance, 2002), and "Invader" (Game Boy Advance, 2002). The latter two games were published by Xicat Interactive. Mol later established a new media company, Media Republic, which acquired 75% of Lost Boys Games in 2003. Shortly thereafter, in July 2003, Lost Boys Games was renamed Guerrilla to reflect the style of its new parent company.


title: Guerrilla Games

text: The developer soon began work on its two titles: "Killzone" (in development for Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2) and "" (in development for Eidos Interactive for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows). Both titles would be released the following year to mixed reception, however "Killzone" enjoyed pre-release hype and anticipation, and despite some backfire effect due to the media hype, "Killzone" went on to sell over a million copies worldwide, earning Greatest Hits and Platinum status in North America and Europe respectively. Guerrilla signed an exclusive development agreement with Sony Computer Entertainment in March 2004, that would see future development solely for Sony's line of video game consoles, the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 3.


title: Guerrilla Games

text: By late 2005, many companies, like Eidos Interactive, eyed purchasing Guerrilla; ultimately, Sony Computer Entertainment bought out the entirety of Guerrilla in December 2005. Guerrilla went on to release "" for the PlayStation Portable in October 2006, "Killzone 2" for the PlayStation 3 in February 2009, and "Killzone 3" for the PlayStation 3 in February 2011.


title: Guerrilla Games

text: By February 2012, co-founder Brussee had left the studio to join Visceral Games. As of June 2018, Guerrilla employs 250 people in its Amsterdam offices; it planned to move into a new building on Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal in early 2019 and expand to at least 400 employees in this new location. In November 2019, Hulst was appointed the head of Worldwide Studios and Angie Smets, Jan-Bart van Beek and Michiel van der Leeuw became joint studio heads in his place.


title: Guerrilla Games

text: During the 2015 E3 conference, Guerrilla unveiled a new intellectual property, "Horizon Zero Dawn" described as a "post-apocalyptic open world action role-playing game that follows the story of Aloy, a young huntress who inhabits a world that is overrun by machines, and attempts to journey across several lands to uncover her past."


title: Guerrilla Games

text: In 2017, Guerrilla released "Horizon Zero Dawn" on the PlayStation 4. The game received widespread positive acclaim from various critics. An expansion, "The Frozen Wilds", was released in November 2017. By February 2018, over 7.6 million copies had been sold, increasing to over 10 million a year later, making it one of the best-selling PlayStation 4 games. In March 2020, Hermen Hulst confirmed in an interview that "Horizon Zero Dawn" would receive a PC port. The PC version was released on 7 August 2020.


title: Guerrilla Games

text: The next game in development, "Horizon Forbidden West", was first revealed at the 2020 PS5 Future of Gaming event on 11 June 2020. It is a sequel to "Horizon Zero Dawn". The game released on 18 February 2022. In August 2020, Guerrilla Games moved into their new studio space. On 4 January 2022, Guerilla and Firesprite revealed that a new Horizon game is in the works for PlayStation VR2 titled "Horizon Call of the Mountain". In December 2022, Sony announced that an expansion for "Horizon Forbidden West" named "Burning Shores" will be releasing on 19 April 2023 on the PlayStation 5.


title: Klaus Meine

text: Klaus Meine (born 25 May 1948) is a German singer and songwriter, best known as the longtime frontman of the hard rock band Scorpions. Meine and guitarist Rudolf Schenker are the only two members of the group to appear on every Scorpions album, though he did not join the band until 1969, four years after its founding. Meine placed at No. 22 on Hit Parader's 'Top Heavy Metal Vocalists of All Time' list in 2006.


title: Klaus Meine

text: Meine wrote most of the lyrics to Scorpions' songs. He and former Scorpions drummer Herman Rarebell also shared lyrical authorship on some songs, including the major hit "Rock You Like a Hurricane". Meine composed some songs alone like "Wind of Change", "You and I", "But the Best for You", "Does Anyone Know", "A Moment in a Million Years", "Moment of Glory", "I Wanted to Cry", "Back to You", "My City, My Town", "Follow Your Heart", "Rock'n' Roll Band", "The World We Used to Know" and "Who We Are".


title: Klaus Meine

text: After a 1981 world tour and during the recording of the "Blackout" album, Meine lost his voice to the extent that he could not even speak properly. He was advised by his doctor to consider another profession. However, Scorpions stuck together and, after therapy and two vocal cord surgeries, Meine's voice recovered.


title: Klaus Meine

text: Meine performed on the "Live in Berlin" rendition of Roger Waters' "The Wall" in 1990. He was a featured singer during the performance.


title: Klaus Meine

text: Meine was awarded the city of Hanover plaque in 2000. as well as the Cross of Merit First Class (Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse) of the Lower Saxony Order of Merit.


title: Klaus Meine

text: Dommenget released a Klaus Meine signature guitar that was given to him on his 60th birthday in 2008, which he used on the Humanity World Tour and the Get Your Sting and Blackout World Tour.


title: Klaus Meine

text: Klaus' beyond-Scorpions collaborations include "Bridge to Heaven" with Uli Jon Roth, "Send Me an Angel", "Bigger than Life", "Keep the World Safe" and "Jerusalem of Gold" with Israeli singer Liel Kolet, "Bis wohin reicht mein Leben" from "Rilke Projekt", "Wind of Change" with the tenor José Carreras, and the song "Dying for an Angel" from the album "The Wicked Symphony" by Avantasia.


title: Architect

text: An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use as their principal purpose. Etymologically, the term architect derives from the Latin "architectus", which derives from the Greek ("arkhi-", chief + "tekton", builder), i.e., chief builder.


title: Architect

text: The professional requirements for architects vary from place to place. An architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus the architect must undergo specialized training consisting of advanced education and a "practicum" (or internship) for practical experience to earn a license to practice architecture. Practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction, though the formal study of architecture in academic institutions has played a pivotal role in the development of the profession as a whole.


title: Architect

text: Throughout ancient and medieval history, most of the architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans—such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Until modern times, there was no clear distinction between architect and engineer. In Europe, the titles "architect" and "engineer" were primarily geographical variations that referred to the same person, often used interchangeably.


title: Architect

text: In most developed countries, only those qualified with an appropriate license, certification, or registration with a relevant body (often governmental) may legally practice architecture. Such licensure usually requires a university degree, successful completion of exams, as well as a training period. Representation of oneself as an architect through the use of terms and titles is restricted to licensed individuals by law, although in general, derivatives such as architectural designer are often not legally protected.


title: Architect

text: To practice architecture implies the ability to practice independently of supervision. The term "building design professional" (or "design professional)", by contrast, is a much broader term that includes professionals who practice independently under an alternate profession, such as engineering professionals, or those who assist in the practice of architecture under the supervision of a licensed architect such as intern architects. In many places, independent, non-licensed individuals may perform design services outside the professional restrictions, such design houses and other smaller structures.


title: Architect

text: In the architectural profession, technical and environmental knowledge, design and construction management, and an understanding of business are as important as design. However, the design is the driving force throughout the project and beyond. An architect accepts a commission from a client. The commission might involve preparing feasibility reports, building audits, the design of a building or of several buildings, structures, and the spaces among them. The architect participates in developing the requirements the client wants in the building. Throughout the project (planning to occupancy), the architect coordinates a design team. Structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers and other specialists are hired by the client or the architect, who must ensure that the work is coordinated to construct the design.


title: Architect

text: The architect, once hired by a client, is responsible for creating a design concept that both meets the requirements of that client and provides a facility suitable to the required use. The architect must meet with, and question, the client in order to ascertain all the requirements (and nuances) of the planned project.


title: Architect

text: Often the full brief is not entirely clear at the beginning: entailing a degree of risk in the design undertaking. The architect may make early proposals to the client, which may rework the very terms of the brief. The "program" (or brief) is essential to producing a project that meets all the needs of the owner. This then is a guide for the architect in creating the design concept.


title: Architect

text: Design proposal(s) are generally expected to be both imaginative and pragmatic. Depending on the place, time, finance, culture, and available crafts and technology in which the design takes place, the precise extent and nature of these expectations will vary.


title: Architect

text: Any design concept must at a very early stage in its generation take into account a great number of issues and variables which include qualities of space(s), the end-use and life-cycle of these proposed spaces, connections, relations, and aspects between spaces including how they are put together as well as the impact of proposals on the immediate and wider locality. Selection of appropriate materials and technology must be considered, tested and reviewed at an early stage in the design to ensure there are no setbacks (such as higher-than-expected costs) which may occur later. The site and its environs, as well as the culture and history of the place, will also influence the design. The design must also countenance increasing concerns with environmental sustainability. The architect may introduce (intentionally or not), to greater or lesser degrees, aspects of mathematics and architecture, new or current architectural theory, or references to architectural history.


title: Architect

text: A key part of the design is that the architect often consults with engineers, surveyors and other specialists throughout the design, ensuring that aspects such as the structural supports and air conditioning elements are coordinated in the scheme as a whole. The control and planning of construction costs are also a part of these consultations. Coordination of the different aspects involves a high degree of specialized communication, including advanced computer technology such as BIM (building information modeling), CAD, and cloud-based technologies.


title: Architect

text: At all times in the design, the architect reports back to the client who may have reservations or recommendations, introducing a further variable into the design.


title: Architect

text: Architects deal with local and federal jurisdictions about regulations and building codes. The architect might need to comply with local planning and zoning laws, such as required setbacks, height limitations, parking requirements, transparency requirements (windows), and land use. Some established jurisdictions require adherence to design and historic preservation guidelines. Health and safety risks form a vital part of the current design, and in many jurisdictions, design reports and records are required which include ongoing considerations such as materials and contaminants, waste management and recycling, traffic control and fire safety.


title: Architect

text: Previously, architects employed drawings to illustrate and generate design proposals. While conceptual sketches are still widely used by architects, computer technology has now become the industry standard. However, design may include the use of photos, collages, prints, linocuts, 3D scanning technology and other media in design production.


title: Architect

text: Increasingly, computer software is shaping how architects work. BIM technology allows for the creation of a virtual building that serves as an information database for the sharing of design and building information throughout the life-cycle of the building's design, construction and maintenance. Virtual reality (VR) presentations are becoming more common for visualizing structural designs and interior spaces from a point-of-view perspective.


title: Architect

text: As current buildings are now known to be high emitters of carbon into the atmosphere, increasing controls are being placed on buildings and associated technology to reduce emissions, increase energy efficiency, and make use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources may be developed within the proposed building or via local or national renewable energy providers. As a result, the architect is required to remain abreast of current regulations that are continually tightening. Some new developments exhibit extremely low energy use or passive solar building design.


title: Architect

text: However, the architect is also increasingly required to provide initiatives in a wider environmental sense, such as making provision for low-energy transport, natural daylighting instead of artificial lighting, natural ventilation instead of air conditioning, pollution, and waste management, use of recycled materials and employment of materials which can be easily recycled in the future.


title: Architect

text: As the design becomes more advanced and detailed, specifications and detail designs are made of all the elements and components of the building. Techniques in the production of a building are continually advancing which places a demand on the architect to ensure that he or she remains up to date with these advances.


title: Architect

text: Depending on the client's needs and the jurisdiction's requirements, the spectrum of the architect's services during construction stages may be extensive (detailed document preparation and construction review) or less involved (such as allowing a contractor to exercise considerable design-build functions).


title: Architect

text: Architects typically put projects to tender on behalf of their clients, advise on the award of the project to a general contractor, facilitate and then administer a contract of agreement which is often between the client and the contractor. This contract is legally binding and covers a very wide range of aspects including the insurances and commitments of all stakeholders, the status of the design documents, provisions for the architect's access, and procedures for the control of the works as they proceed. Depending on the type of contract utilized, provisions for further sub-contract tenders may be required. The architect may require that some elements are covered by a warranty which specifies the expected life and other aspects of the material, product or work.


title: Architect

text: In most jurisdictions, prior notification to the relevant local authority must be given before commencement on site, thus giving the local authority notice to carry out independent inspections. The architect will then review and inspect the progress of the work in coordination with the local authority.


title: Architect

text: The architect will typically review contractor shop drawings and other submittals, prepare and issue site instructions, and provide Certificates for Payment to the contractor (see also Design-bid-build) which is based on the work done to date as well as any materials and other goods purchased or hired. In the United Kingdom and other countries, a quantity surveyor is often part of the team to provide cost consulting. With very large, complex projects, an independent construction manager is sometimes hired to assist in the design and to manage construction.


title: Architect

text: In many jurisdictions, mandatory certification or assurance of the completed work or part of works is required. This demand for certification entails a high degree of risk - therefore, regular inspections of the work as it progresses on site is required to ensure that is in compliance with the design itself as well as with all relevant statutes and permissions.


title: Architect

text: Recent decades have seen the rise of specializations within the profession. Many architects and architectural firms focus on certain project types (for example, healthcare, retail, public housing, event management), technological expertise or project delivery methods. Some architects specialize as building code, building envelope, sustainable design, technical writing, historic preservation(US) or conservation (UK), accessibility and other forms of specialist consultants.


title: Architect

text: Many architects elect to move into real estate (property) development, corporate facilities planning, project management, construction management, chief sustainability officers interior design, city planning, user experience design, design researcher or other related fields.


title: Architect

text: Although there are variations from place to place, most of the world's architects are required to register with the appropriate jurisdiction. To do so, architects are typically required to meet three common requirements: education, experience, and examination.


title: Architect

text: Educational requirements generally consist of a university degree in architecture. The experience requirement for degree candidates is usually satisfied by a practicum or internship (usually two to three years, depending on jurisdiction). Finally, a Registration Examination or a series of exams is required prior to licensure.


title: Architect

text: Professionals engaged in the design and supervision of construction projects prior to the late 19th century were not necessarily trained in a separate architecture program in an academic setting. Instead, they often trained under established architects. Prior to modern times, there was no distinction between architects and engineers and the title used varied depending on geographical location. They often carried the title of master builder or surveyor after serving a number of years as an apprentice (such as Sir Christopher Wren). The formal study of architecture in academic institutions played a pivotal role in the development of the profession as a whole, serving as a focal point for advances in architectural technology and theory.


title: Architect

text: The use of "Architect" or abbreviations such as "Ar." as a title attached to a person's name is regulated by law in some countries.


title: Architect

text: Architects' fee structures are typically based on a percentage of construction value, as a rate per unit area of the proposed construction, hourly rates or a fixed lump sum fee. Combinations of these structures are also common. Fixed fees are usually based on a project's allocated construction cost and can range between 4 and 12% of new construction cost, for commercial and institutional projects, depending on a project's size and complexity. Residential projects range from 12 to 20%. Renovation projects typically command higher percentages, as high as 15-20%.


title: Architect

text: Overall billings for architectural firms range widely, depending on location and economic climate. Billings have traditionally been dependent on the local economic conditions but, with rapid globalization, this is becoming less of a factor for larger international firms. Salaries also vary, depending on experience, position within the firm (staff architect, partner, or shareholder, etc.), and the size and location of the firm.


title: Architect

text: A number of national professional organizations exist to promote career and business development in architecture.


title: Architect

text: A wide variety of prizes is awarded by national professional associations and other bodies, recognizing accomplished architects, their buildings, structures, and professional careers.


title: Architect

text: The most lucrative award an architect can receive is the Pritzker Prize, sometimes termed the "Nobel Prize for architecture." The inaugural Pritzker Prize winner was Philip Johnson who was cited "for 50 years of imagination and vitality embodied in a myriad of museums, theatres libraries, houses gardens and corporate structure". The Pritzker Prize has been awarded for forty-two straight editions without interruption, and there are now 22 countries with at least one winning architect. Other prestigious architectural awards are the Royal Gold Medal, the AIA Gold Medal (USA), AIA Gold Medal (Australia), and the Praemium Imperiale.


title: Architect

text: Architects in the UK, who have made contributions to the profession through design excellence or architectural education, or have in some other way advanced the profession, might until 1971 be elected Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects and can write FRIBA after their name if they feel so inclined. Those elected to chartered membership of the RIBA after 1971 may use the initials RIBA but cannot use the old ARIBA and FRIBA. An Honorary Fellow may use the initials, Hon. FRIBA. and an International Fellow may use the initials Int. FRIBA. Architects in the US, who have made contributions to the profession through design excellence or architectural education, or have in some other way advanced the profession, are elected Fellows of the American Institute of Architects and can write FAIA after their name. Architects in Canada, who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through contribution to research, scholarship, public service, or professional standing to the good of architecture in Canada, or elsewhere, may be recognized as a Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada and can write FRAIC after their name. In Hong Kong, those elected to chartered membership may use the initial HKIA, and those who have made a special contribution after nomination and election by The Hong Kong Institute of Architects (HKIA), may be elected as fellow members of HKIA and may use FHKIA after their name.


title: Architect

text: Architects in the Philippines and Filipino communities overseas (whether they are Filipinos or not), especially those who also profess other jobs at the same time, are addressed and introduced as "Architect", rather than "Sir/Madam" in speech or "Mr./Mrs./Ms." ("G./Gng./Bb." in Filipino) before surnames. That word is used either in itself or before the given name or surname.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: Bottle Rocket is a 1996 American crime comedy film directed by Wes Anderson in his feature film directorial debut. The film is written by Anderson and Owen Wilson and is based on Anderson's 1994 short film of the same name. "Bottle Rocket" is also the acting debut for brothers Owen and Luke Wilson, who co-starred with Robert Musgrave, their older brother Andrew Wilson, Lumi Cavazos, and James Caan. Principal photography took place in various locations throughout Texas.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: The film had a limited release in theaters on February 21, 1996. Though not a commercial success, the film received acclaim from critics and launched the film careers of Anderson and the Wilson brothers. Director Martin Scorsese later named "Bottle Rocket" one of his top-ten favorite films of the 1990s.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: In Arizona, Dignan "rescues" his friend Anthony from a voluntary psychiatric unit, where he has been staying for self-described exhaustion. Dignan has an elaborate escape plan and has developed a 75-year plan that he shows to Anthony. The plan is to pull off several heists, and then meet up with a Mr. Henry, a landscaper and part-time criminal known to Dignan.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: As a practice heist, the two friends break into Anthony's family's house, stealing specific items from a previously agreed upon list. Afterward, critiquing the heist, Dignan reveals that he took a pair of earrings not specified on the list. This upsets Anthony, as he had purchased the earrings for his mother as a gift and specifically left them off the list. Anthony visits his little sister at her school and asks her to return the earrings.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: Dignan recruits Bob Mapplethorpe as a getaway driver because he is the only person they know with a car. The three of them buy a gun and return to Bob's house to plan their next heist, which will be at a local bookstore. The group bickers as Dignan struggles to describe his intricate plan.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: The group steals a small sum of money from the bookstore and go "on the lam", stopping to stay at a motel. Anthony meets Inez, one of the motel maids, and the two spark a romance despite their language barrier (Inez speaks little English, and Anthony barely any Spanish).


title: Bottle Rocket

text: Bob learns that his marijuana crop back home has been discovered by police, and that his older brother has been arrested. He leaves in his car the following day to help his brother, without telling Dignan. Before leaving the motel themselves, Anthony gives Dignan an envelope to give to Inez. Dignan delivers it to her while she is cleaning a room, not knowing that the envelope has most of his and Anthony's money inside. Inez does not open the envelope and hugs Dignan to say goodbye.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: As Dignan is leaving, Inez asks an English-speaking male friend of hers to chase after him and tell him that she loves Anthony. When he delivers the message he says, "Tell Anthony I love him". Dignan fails to realize he is speaking for Inez and does not deliver the message.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: Dignan discovers a dilapidated but functional Alfa Romeo Spider, and he and Anthony continue with the 75-year plan. The car breaks down eventually and Anthony reveals that the envelope Dignan gave to Inez contained the rest of their cash. They have a confrontation and go their separate ways.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: Narrating a letter to his sister, Anthony says he and Bob have settled into a routine back at home that is keeping him busy. Dignan, who has joined Mr. Henry's gang, tracks Anthony down and they reconcile. Dignan invites him to a heist with Mr. Henry which he accepts on the condition that Bob is allowed in too.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: The trio meet the eccentric Mr. Henry and plan to rob a safe at a cold storage facility. he becomes a role model for them, standing up to Bob's abusive brother and tutoring Dignan on success. He invites the trio to a party at his house, and visits the group at the Mapplethorpes', which he compliments. Anthony learns of Inez's love for him and contacts her via phone. Her English has improved and they rekindle their relationship.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: The group conducts their heist at the cold storage facility with Applejack and Kumar, accomplices from Mr. Henry's landscaping company. The plan quickly falls apart with Kumar unable to crack the safe, and Bob accidentally firing his gun, which in turn triggers a cardiac event in Applejack.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: As the police arrive, Dignan has locked himself out of the escape van and is arrested and brutalized by police. At the same time as the crew are doing their heist, Mr. Henry loads furniture from Bob's into a truck. Later, Anthony and Bob visit Dignan in prison and tell him about Mr. Henry robbing Bob's house.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: While Bob and Anthony are saying their goodbyes, Dignan begins rattling off an escape plan and tells his friends to get into position for a get-away. After a tense moment, the two realize Dignan is joking. Dignan says to Anthony, "Isn't it funny that you used to be in the nuthouse and now I'm in jail?" as he walks back into the prison.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: In 1992, Anderson directed a 13-minute short film, titled "Bottle Rocket". The short was filmed in black and white, and also starred Owen and Luke Wilson and Musgrave. The short had a similar plot to the later feature film. The film was screened at the 1994 Sundance Film Festival, where it attracted the attention of filmmaker James L. Brooks who agreed to finance a full-length version of the short.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: The feature-length film was shot entirely in Dallas, Fort Worth, and Hillsboro, Texas. The scenes at Bob Mapplethorpe's house were filmed at the John Gillin Residence, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: After the film failed to achieve commercial success, Owen Wilson considered joining the Marines. Bill Murray was considered for the role of Abe Henry.


title: Bottle Rocket

text: "Bottle Rocket" received generally positive reviews from film critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an 85% "Certified Fresh" rating based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 6.83/10. The site's consensus describes the film as ""Reservoir Dogs" meets "Breathless" with a West Texas sensibility". On Metacritic, it has a 66/100 weighted average score based on 24 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Bottle Rocket

text: Martin Scorsese is a fan of the film, calling it one of his favorite movies of the 1990s. In a 2000 interview with "Esquire," Scorsese praised Wes Anderson for his ability to "convey the simple joys and interactions between people so well and with such richness."


title: Beyond Evil (TV series)

text: Beyond Evil () is a 2021 South Korean television series starring Shin Ha-kyun and Yeo Jin-goo. It aired on JTBC from February 19 to April 10, 2021. It received seven nominations at the 57th Baeksang Arts Awards, winning three – Best Drama, Best Screenplay, and Best Actor for Shin Ha-kyun. It was also selected as one of the final candidates for the Baeksang Arts Award Grand Prize – Television.


title: Beyond Evil (TV series)

text: "Beyond Evil" follows the story of two fearless policemen from the Manyang Police Substation of the Munju Police Station (located in the western part of Gyeonggi Province), Lee Dong-sik (Shin Ha-kyun) and Han Joo-won (Yeo Jin-goo), who break the law to catch a serial killer. In the course of uncovering the culprit's identity, they question the innocence of everyone involved in the case, including themselves. "Who is the monster?" "Is it you?" "Is it me?" "Is it us?"


title: Beyond Evil (TV series)

text: While the plot appears to make some allusions to Korea's Hwaseong serial murders case, the show is not based on a true story, and is solely a work of fiction. The similarities can be explained by inspiration drawn from "Memories of Murder" (2003) by Bong Joon-ho.


title: Beyond Evil (TV series)

text: Shin Ha-kyun and Yeo Jin-goo previously appeared in the film "No Mercy for the Rude" (2006) where Yeo played the younger version of Shin's character.


title: Ifrit

text: Ifrit, also spelled as efreet, afrit, and afreet (Arabic: ': , plural ': ), is a powerful type of demon in Islamic mythology. The afarit are often associated with the underworld and identified with the spirits of the dead, and have been compared to evil "geniī loci" in European culture. In Quran, hadith, and Mi'raj narrations the term is always followed by the phrase "among the jinn". In later folklore, they developed into independent entities, identified as powerful demons or spirits of the dead who sometimes inhabit desolate places such as ruins and temples. Their true habitat is the underworld.


title: Ifrit

text: The word "ifrit" derives from the Quran, but only as an epithet and not to designate a specific type of demon. The term itself is not found in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry, although variants such as "ifriya" and "ifr" are recorded prior to the Quran. Traditionally, Arab philologists trace the derivation of the word to ("", "to rub with dust" or "to roll into dust").<ref name="10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3502">Chelhod, J., “ʿIfrīt”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 26 September 2019 First published online: 2012 First print edition: , 1960-2007</ref> It is further used to describe sly, malicious, wicked and cunning characteristics.


title: Ifrit

text: Some Western philologists suggest a foreign origin of the word and attribute it to Middle Persian "afritan" which corresponds to Modern Persian (to create), but this is regarded as unlikely by others. In folklore, the term developed into a designation of a specific class of demon, though most Islamic scholarly traditions regard the term as an adjective. These popular beliefs were elaborated in works such as in al-Ibshihi's "Mustatraf". They became identified either as a dangerous kind of demon ("shayatin") preying on women, or as spirits of the dead.


title: Ifrit

text: In Islamic scriptures the term "ifrit" is always followed by the expression "of the jinn". Due to the ambiguous meaning of the term "jinn", which is applied to a wide range of different spirits, their relation towards the genus of jinn remains vague. However, within the Islamic scriptures themselves, the term is apparently used as an epithet to describe a powerful or malicious spirit of undefined nature.


title: Ifrit

text: In the Quran itself, such an ifrit is mentioned in (). The ifrit offers to carry the throne of Bilqis (the Queen of Sheba) to Solomon: "An ifrit from the jinn said: 'I will bring it to you before you rise from your place. And verily, I am indeed strong, and trustworthy for such work." However, the duty is not given to him, but to somebody who is endowed with knowledge of the scripture. An "ifrit among the jinn" is mentioned in a "hadith" of Muhammad al-Bukhari, attempting to interrupt the prayers of the prophet Muhammed and in a narrative of Muhammad's night journey recorded in the 8th century by Malik ibn Anas. In the latter account, the "ifrit among the jinn" threatens Muhammad with a fiery presence, whereupon the archangel Gabriel taught Muhammad a "Du'a" (Islamic prayer) to defeat it. Muslim texts explain, God sent the ifrit on purpose in order that Gabriel might teach Muhammad and his "ummah" (Muslim community) to overcome their fear of demons at night.


title: Ifrit

text: In Islamic folklore, the afarit became a class of chthonic spirits, inhabiting the layers of the seven earths, generally ruthless and wicked, formed out of smoke and fire. Nizami Ganjavi describes the "ifrit" tormenting Mahan, as created from "God's wrath", thus underpinning the ifrit's role secondary to God's will.


title: Ifrit

text: But despite their negative depictions and affiliation to the nether regions, afarit are not fundamentally evil on a moral plane; they might even carry out God's purpose. Such obligations can nevertheless be ruthless, such as obligation to blood vengeance and avenging murder. Further, an ifrit can be compelled by a sorcerer, if summoned.


title: Ifrit

text: Although afarit are not necessarily components of a person, but independent entities, a common belief in Islamic Egypt


title: Ifrit

text: Probably influenced by the Ancient Egypt idea of "Ka", the afarit are often identified with the spirits of the dead, departing from the body at the moment of death. They live in cemeteries, wander around places the dead person frequently visited, or roam the earth close to the place of death, until the Day of Judgment. A person who died a natural death does not have a malevolent ifrit. Only people who are killed give rise to a dangerous and active ifrit, drawn to the blood of the victim. Driving an unused nail into the blood is supposed to stop their formation. Such afarit might scare and even kill the living or take revenge on the murderer. Martyrs, saints and prophets do not have a ghost, and therefore no ifrit.


title: Ifrit

text: In Moroccan belief, the afarit form a more powerful type of demon, compared to the jinn and other supernatural creatures. They have more substantial existence, and are greater in scale and capacity than other demons. Their physical appearance is often portrayed as having monstrous deformities, such as claw-like or thorny hands, flaming eyes or seven heads.


title: Ifrit

text: Just as with jinn, an ifrit might possess an individual. Such persons gain some abilities from the ifrit, such as getting stronger and more brave, but the ifrit renders them insane. With the aid of a magical ring, the afarit might be forced to perform certain orders, such as carrying heavy stones.


title: Ifrit

text: A story circulates among the Shabak community in Northern Iraq about a certain ifrit who incensed Ali by his evil nature long before the creation of Adam. Consequently, for the ifrit's wickedness, Ali chained the ifrit and left him alone. When the prophets arrived, he appeared to all of them and begged them for his release, but no prophet was able to break the chains of the ifrit. When Muhammad found the ifrit, he brought him to Ali. Ali had mercy with the ifrit. He decided to release him under the condition that he surrender to the will of god.


title: Ifrit

text: Afarit appear already in early poems, such as those of Al-Maʿarri (973–1057), who describes his protagonist visiting a paradise with "narrow straits" and "dark valleys" for afarit, between heaven and hell. In later works, the afarit are mentioned among the narratives collected in "One Thousand and One Nights". In one tale called "The Porter and the Young Girls", a prince is attacked by pirates and takes refuge with a woodcutter. The prince finds an underground chamber in the forest leading to a beautiful woman who has been kidnapped by an ifrit. The prince sleeps with the woman and both are attacked by the jealous ifrit, who changes the prince into an ape. Later a princess restores the prince and fights a pitched battle with the ifrit, who changes shape into various animals, fruit, and fire until being reduced to cinders. In "The Fisherman and the Jinni" an ifrit, locked in a jar by the Seal of Solomon, is released but later tricked by the fisherman again into the jar. Under the condition that the ifrit aids him to achieve riches, he releases the ifrit again. The latter ifrit, however, might be substituted by a marid, another type of powerful demon easily tricked by the protagonist. The latter portrayal of an ifrit, as a wish-granting spirit released from a jar, became characteristic of Western depictions of jinn.


title: Ifrit

text: Afarit feature frequently in film and video games. In the "Final Fantasy" video game series, an ifrit appears as a summonable spirit and an enemy. Like its mythological counterpart, it is a spirit of fire and can use an iconic spell called "Hell-Fire". In the fifth season of "True Blood" (2012), an ifrit seeks vengeance for murder of Iraqi civilians by U.S soldiers. In both the novel "American Gods" (2001) and the television adaptation by Neil Gaiman an ifrit disguised as a taxi-driver appears, trying to get used to his new role, seeking intimacy in a lonely world.


title: Harold and Maude

text: Harold and Maude is a 1971 American romantic black comedy–drama film directed by Hal Ashby and released by Paramount Pictures. It incorporates elements of dark humor and existentialist drama. The plot follows the exploits of Harold Chasen (Bud Cort), a young man who is intrigued with death, and who rejects the life his detached mother (Vivian Pickles) prescribes for him. Harold develops a friendship, and eventual romantic relationship, with 79-year-old Maude (Ruth Gordon) who teaches Harold about the importance of living life to its fullest.


title: Harold and Maude

text: The screenplay by Colin Higgins began as his master's thesis for film school. Filming locations in the San Francisco Bay Area included both Holy Cross Cemetery and Golden Gate National Cemetery, the ruins of the Sutro Baths and Rose Court Mansion in Hillsborough, California.


title: Harold and Maude

text: Critically and commercially unsuccessful when first released, the film eventually developed a cult following, and first made a profit in 1983. The film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1997, and was ranked number 45 on the American Film Institute list of 100 funniest movies of all time in 2000. The Criterion Collection released a special edition Blu-ray and DVD in 2012.


title: Harold and Maude

text: Harold Chasen is a 19-year-old man obsessed with death. He stages elaborate fake suicides, attends funerals (usually for people that he doesn't know), and drives a hearse, all to the chagrin of his self-obsessed, wealthy socialite mother. His mother sends Harold to a psychoanalyst, sets him up with blind dates, and buys him a luxury car, all schemes he subverts in his own way.


title: Harold and Maude

text: Harold meets 79-year-old Maude one day while at a random stranger's funeral Mass, and discovers that they share a hobby. Harold is entranced by Maude's quirky outlook on life, which is bright and delightfully carefree in contrast with his moribund demeanor. Maude lives in a decommissioned railroad car and thinks nothing of breaking the law; she is quite skilled at stealing cars and will swiftly uproot an ailing tree on public property to re-plant it in the forest. She and Harold form a bond and Maude shows Harold the pleasures of art and music (including how to play banjo), and teaches him how to make "the most of his time on earth." Meanwhile, Harold's mother is determined, against Harold's wishes, to find him a wife. One by one, Harold frightens and horrifies each of his appointed computer dates, by appearing to commit gruesome acts: self-immolation, self-mutilation, and seppuku. His mother tries enlisting him in the military by sending Harold to his uncle, who lost an arm serving under General MacArthur in the Second World War, but Harold deters the recruitment by staging a scene where Maude poses as a pacifist protester and Harold seemingly murders her out of militarist fanaticism.


title: Harold and Maude

text: As Harold and Maude grow closer, their friendship blossoms into a romance. Holding her hand, Harold discovers a number tattooed on her forearm, indicating Maude survived the Nazi death camps. Harold announces that he will marry Maude, resulting in disgusted outbursts from his family, analyst, and priest. Unbeknownst to Harold, Maude has been planning to commit suicide on her eightieth birthday. Maude's birthday arrives, and Harold throws a surprise party for her. As the pair dance, Maude tells Harold that she "couldn't imagine a lovelier farewell." When Maude reveals that she has taken an overdose of sleeping pills, and will be dead by midnight, Harold rushes Maude to the hospital. After learning of Maude's death, Harold is shown speeding down a country road, and sending the car off a seaside cliff. After the crash, the final shot reveals Harold standing calmly atop the cliff, holding his banjo and wearing colorful clothing for the first time in the film. After gazing down at the wreckage, he dances away to "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out".


title: Harold and Maude

text: Director Hal Ashby appears in an uncredited cameo, seen at a penny arcade watching a model train at the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk.


title: Harold and Maude

text: UCLA film school student Colin Higgins wrote "Harold and Maude" as his master's thesis. While working as producer Edward Lewis's pool boy, Higgins showed the script to Lewis's wife, Mildred. Mildred was so impressed that she got Edward to give it to Stanley Jaffe at Paramount. Higgins sold the script with the understanding that he would direct the film but he was told he wasn't ready, after tests he shot proved unsatisfactory to the studio heads. Ashby would only commit to directing the film after getting Higgins' blessing and then, so Higgins could watch and learn from him on the set, Ashby made Higgins a co-producer. Higgins says he originally thought of the story as a play. It then became a 20-minute thesis while at film school. The film script was turned into a novel and then a play, which ran for several years in Paris.


title: Harold and Maude

text: Ashby felt that the actress portraying Maude should ideally be European and his list of possible actresses included dames Peggy Ashcroft, Edith Evans, Gladys Cooper, and Celia Johnson as well as Lotte Lenya, Luise Rainer, Pola Negri, Minta Durfee, and Agatha Christie. Ruth Gordon indicated that in addition she heard that Edwige Feuillère, Elisabeth Bergner, Mildred Natwick, Mildred Dunnock, and Dorothy Stickney had been considered.


title: Harold and Maude

text: For Harold, in addition to Bud Cort, Ashby considered all promising unknowns, Richard Dreyfuss, Bob Balaban, and John Savage. Also on his list were John Rubinstein, for whom Higgins had written the part, and then-up-and-coming British pop star Elton John, whom Ashby had seen live and hoped would also do the music.


title: Harold and Maude

text: Anne Brebner, the casting director, was almost cast as Harold's mother, when Vivian Pickles was briefly unable to do the role.


title: Harold and Maude

text: A novelization by Higgins was released alongside the film; they differ in several respects, including the film's omission of certain scenes and characters. Other different details include the novel's version of Maude having white hair (unlike Ruth Gordon in the film) and introducing herself as "the Countess Mathilde Chardin," a different name and title than used in the film. In the novel, Maude's home is characterized as a "cottage" (unlike the retired railroad car Maude inhabits in the movie), and she and Harold briefly interact with Maude's neighbor, Madame Arouet, who is not present in the film. The novel includes an additional scene during the tree-planting expedition where Maude leads Harold in climbing to the top of a very tall pine tree to show him the view over the forest from near its summit.


title: Harold and Maude

text: "Harold and Maude" was released with a vague, text-only poster and very little marketing. The initial release was a box-office flop, but it gradually found success in repertory theatres and recouped its costs after several years. According to Danny Peary, author of the Cult Movies series: "The film was a runaway cult favorite, and, most memorably, in Minneapolis, residents actually picketed the Westgate Theater, and tried to get the management to replace the picture after a consecutive three-year run."


title: Harold and Maude

text: "Harold and Maude" received mixed reviews, with several critics being offended by the film's dark humor. Roger Ebert, in a review dated January 1, 1972, gave the film one-and-a-half out of four stars. He wrote, "And so what we get, finally, is a movie of attitudes. Harold is death, Maude life, and they manage to make the two seem so similar that life's hardly worth the extra bother. The visual style makes everyone look fresh from the Wax Museum, and all the movie lacks is a lot of day-old gardenias and lilies and roses in the lobby, filling the place with a cloying sweet smell. Nothing more to report today. Harold doesn't even make pallbearer." Vincent Canby also panned the film, stating that the actors "are so aggressive, so creepy and off-putting, that Harold and Maude are obviously made for each other, a point the movie itself refuses to recognize with a twist ending that betrays, I think, its life-affirming pretensions."


title: Harold and Maude

text: The reputation of the film has increased greatly; Rotten Tomatoes, which labeled the film as "Certified Fresh", gave it a score of 85% based on 46 reviews, with an average score of 7.80/10. A consensus on the site read, "Hal Ashby's comedy is too dark and twisted for some, and occasionally oversteps its bounds, but there's no denying the film's warm humor and big heart." In 2005, the Writers Guild of America ranked the screenplay #86 on its list of 101 Greatest Screenplays ever written. "Sight & Sound" magazine conducts a poll every ten years of the world's finest film directors, to find out the Ten Greatest Films of All Time. This poll has been going since 1992 and has become the most recognized poll of its kind in the world. In 2012, Niki Caro, Wanuri Kahiu, and Cyrus Frisch voted for "Harold and Maude". Frisch commented: "An encouragement to think beyond the obvious!" In 2017, "Chicago Tribune" critic Mark Caro wrote a belated appreciation, "I'm sorry, "Harold and Maude", for denying you for so long. You're my favorite movie once again."


title: Harold and Maude

text: The Criterion Collection released "Harold and Maude" for Region 1 on DVD and Blu-ray on June 12, 2012, including a collection of audio excerpts of director Hal Ashby from January 11, 1972 and of screenwriter Colin Higgins from January 10, 1979, a new video interview with Yusuf/Cat Stevens, a new audio commentary by Ashby biographer Nick Dawson and producer Charles B. Mulvehill, and a booklet which includes a new film essay by Matt Zoller Seitz. Exclusive to the Blu-ray edition are a new digital restoration of the film with an uncompressed monaural soundtrack and an optional remastered uncompressed stereo soundtrack. Other exclusives are a "New York Times" profile of actress Ruth Gordon from 1971, an interview from 1997 with actor Bud Cort and cinematographer John Alonzo, and an interview from 2001 with executive producer Mildred Lewis.


title: Harold and Maude

text: At the 29th Golden Globe Awards, Bud Cort and Ruth Gordon were nominated as Best Actor and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy film, respectively.


title: Harold and Maude

text: The film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1997, along with others deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress.


title: Harold and Maude

text: "Harold and Maude" has repeatedly been ranked among the various lists compiled by the American Film Institute. In 2000 the film ranked #45 on the list of 100 Years... 100 Laughs, the top hundred comedies. Two years later "Harold and Maude" ranked #69 on the AFI list 100 Years... 100 Passions, honoring the most romantic films of the past century. In 2006 the film ranked #89 on the AFI list 100 Years...100 Cheers, recognizing the most inspiring movies. In June 2008 AFI revealed its 10 Top 10: the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, placing "Harold and Maude" at #9 in the romantic comedy genre.


title: Harold and Maude

text: In September 2008 "Empire" ranked "Harold and Maude" #65 among their 500 Greatest Movies of All Time. "Entertainment Weekly" ranked the film #4 on their list of "The Top 50 Cult Films."


title: Harold and Maude

text: The music in "Harold and Maude" was composed and performed by Cat Stevens. He had been suggested by Elton John to do the music after John had dropped out of the project. Stevens composed two original songs for the film, "Don't Be Shy" and "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out" and performed instrumental and alternative versions of the previously released songs "On the Road to Find Out", "I Wish, I Wish", "Miles from Nowhere", "Tea for the Tillerman", "I Think I See the Light", "Where Do the Children Play?" and "Trouble" (all from his albums "Mona Bone Jakon" or "Tea for the Tillerman"). "Don't Be Shy" and "If You Want to Sing Out, Sing Out" remained unreleased on any album until the 1984 compilation "".


title: Harold and Maude

text: Additional music in the film is sourced from well known compositions. "Greensleeves" is played on the harp during dinner. The opening bars of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 are heard during the scene of Harold floating face-down in the swimming pool. The Sunnyvale HS Marching Band plays "The Klaxon" by Henry Fillmore outside the church following a funeral. A calliope version of the waltz "Over the Waves" by Juventino Rosas is played at the amusement park. Harold and Maude waltz together in her home to "The Blue Danube" by Johann Strauss II.


title: Harold and Maude

text: The first soundtrack was released in Japan in 1972 on vinyl and cassette (A&M Records GP-216). It omitted the two original songs and all instrumental and alternative versions of songs and was generally composed of re-released material that was in the film, along with five songs that were not in the film.


title: Harold and Maude

text: The second soundtrack was released in December 2007, by Vinyl Films Records, as a vinyl-only limited-edition release of 2,500 copies. It contained a 30-page oral history of the making of the film, comprising the most extensive series of interviews yet conducted on "Harold and Maude".


title: Harold and Maude

text: A Record Store Day limited edition, available in yellow or orange vinyl, was released July 2021. It contained all the main songs from the 2007 album, but omitted the bonus material.


title: Harold and Maude

text: The full soundtrack album received its first regular wide commercial release on February 11, 2022, to commemorate the film's 50th Anniversary. The entire album was remastered at Abbey Road Studios. The disc includes previously unheard audio masters discovered in the Island Records/A&M archive for the two original songs Stevens wrote for the film, "Don't Be Shy" and "If You Want To Sing Out, Sing Out." While there was an LP, this was also the album's first-ever release on CD.


title: Harold and Maude

text: Colin Higgins later adapted the story into a stage play. The original Broadway production, starring Janet Gaynor as Maude and Keith McDermott as Harold, closed after four performances in February 1980. The Yugoslav premiere of the play was staged at the Belgrade Drama Theatre (BDP) on March 23, 1980, two months after its performance on Broadway. Directed by Paolo Magelli, the main roles were played by Tatjana Lukjanova (Maude), Milan Erak (Harold), and Žiža Stojanović (Mrs. Chasen). After Milan Erak's passing, the role of Harold was taken over by Slobodan Beštić. The play was on the BDP repertoire until 2003 when Tatjana Lukjanova passed away.


title: Harold and Maude

text: A French adaptation for television, translated and written by Jean-Claude Carrière, appeared in 1978. It was also adapted for the stage by the Compagnie Viola Léger in Moncton, New Brunswick, starring Roy Dupuis.


title: Harold and Maude

text: A musical adaptation, with songs by Joseph Thalken and Tom Jones, premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, NJ, in January 2005. The production starred Estelle Parsons as Maude and Eric Millegan as Harold.


title: Harold and Maude

text: Higgins expressed interest in 1978 about both a sequel and prequel to "Harold and Maude". The sequel, "Harold's Story", would have Cort portray Harold's life after Maude. Higgins also imagined a prequel showing Maude's life before Harold, "Grover and Maude" had Maude learning how to steal cars from Grover Muldoon, the character portrayed by Richard Pryor in Higgins' 1976 film "Silver Streak". Higgins wanted Gordon and Pryor to reprise their respective roles.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The flag of South Africa was designed in March 1994 and adopted on 27 April 1994, at the beginning of South Africa's 1994 general election, to replace the flag that had been used since 1928.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The flag has horizontal bands of red (on the top) and blue (on the bottom), of equal width, separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal "Y" shape, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side (and follow the flag's diagonals). The "Y" embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow or gold bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes. The stripes at the fly end are in the 5:1:3:1:5 ratio. Three of the flag's colours were taken from the flag of the South African Republic, itself derived from the flag of the Netherlands, as well as the Union Jack, while the remaining three colours were taken from the flag of the African National Congress.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: At the time of its adoption, the South African flag was the only national flag in the world to comprise six colours in its primary design and without a seal and brocade. The design and colours are a synopsis of principal elements of the country's flag history. The colours themselves have no essential meaning.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: According to official South African government information, the South African flag is "a synopsis of principal elements of the country's flag history." Although different people may attribute personal symbolism to the individual colours or colour combinations, "no universal symbolism should be attached to any of the colours." The only symbolism in the flag is the V or Y shape, which can be interpreted as "the convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity".


title: Flag of South Africa

text: From time to time explanations of the meanings or symbolism of the flag's colours are published in various media, including official government publications and speeches by government officials.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: Three of the colours – black, green and gold – are found in the flag of the African National Congress. The other three – red, white and blue – are used in the modern flag of the Netherlands and the flag of the United Kingdom; the colours white and blue were also found in the old flag of South Africa.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: Former South African President F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 April 1994, stated in his autobiography, "The Last Trek: a New Beginning", that chilli red was chosen instead of plain red (which Anglo-Africans would have preferred) or orange (as some Afrikaners would have preferred).


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek (Transvaal) became British colonies along with the existing Cape and Natal colonies. Each was also entitled to a colonial flag following in the British tradition.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: On 31 May 1910 these four colonies came together to form the Union of South Africa and the individual colonial flags were no longer used and new South African flags came into being. Once again, as a British dominion the British Union Flag was to continue as the national flag and the standard British ensign pattern was used as a basis for distinctive South African flags.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: As was the case throughout the British Empire, the Red and Blue Ensigns were the official flags for merchant and government vessels at sea, and the British Admiralty authorised them to be defaced in the fly with the shield from the South African coat of arms. These ensigns were not intended to be used as the Union's national flag, although they were used by some people as such. Although these ensigns were primarily intended for maritime use, they were also flown on land.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: These flags never enjoyed much popular support due to the animosities lingering after the Anglo-Boer War – the Afrikaner descendants of the Dutch settlers from the former Boer Republics saw it as a British flag, and the English-speakers saw it was not the Union Flag alone.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: Due to the lack of popularity of these flags, there were intermittent discussions about the desirability of a more distinctive national flag for South Africa after 1910, it was only after a coalition government took office in 1925 that a bill was introduced in Parliament to introduce a national flag for the Union. This provoked an often violent controversy that lasted for three years based on whether the British Union Flag should be included in the new flag design or not. The Natal Province even threatened to secede from the Union should it be decided to remove it.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: Finally, a compromise was reached that resulted in the adoption of a separate flag for the Union in late 1927 and the design was first hoisted on 31 May 1928. The design was based on the so-called Van Riebeeck flag or "Prince's Flag" ("Prinsenvlag" in Afrikaans) that was originally the Dutch flag; it consisted of orange, white, and blue horizontal stripes. A version of this flag had been used as the flag of the Dutch East India Company (known as the VOC) at the Cape (with the VOC logo in the centre) from 1652 until 1795. The South African addition to the design was the inclusion of three smaller flags centred in the white stripe. The miniature flags were the British Union Flag (mirrored) towards the hoist, the flag of the Orange Free State hanging vertically in the middle and the Transvaal Vierkleur towards the fly. The position of each of the miniature flags is such that each has equal status. However, to ensure that the Dutch flag in the canton of the Orange Free State flag is placed nearest to the upper hoist of the main flag, the Free State flag must be reversed. The British Union Flag, which is nearest to the hoist and is thus in a more favoured position, is spread horizontally from the Free State flag towards the hoist and is thus also reversed. Although placed horizontally furthest from the hoist, to balance the British Union Flag, the Vierkleur is the only one of the miniature flags which is spread in the same direction as the main flag. This compensates for its otherwise less favourable position. In this arrangement, each of the miniature flags enjoy equal precedence. Note that the miniature flags of the Transvaal Republic and the Orange Free State both contain miniature flags of the Netherlands, while the miniature flag of the United Kingdom is a composition of the flags of England, Scotland and the Anglo-Irish people, making the old South African flag the only former national flag in the world containing five flags within three flags within a flag.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The choice of the "Prinsenvlag" (which was believed to be the first flag hoisted on South African soil by Jan van Riebeeck of the VOC) as the basis upon which to design the South African flag had more to do with compromise than Afrikaner political desires, since the "Prinsenvlag" was politically neutral, as it was no longer the national flag of any nation. A further element of this compromise was that the British Union Flag would continue to fly alongside the new South African national flag over official buildings. This dual flag arrangement continued until 1957 when the British Union Flag lost its official status per an Act of Parliament.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: Following a referendum the country became a republic on 31 May 1961, but the design of the flag remained unchanged. However, there was intense pressure to change the flag, particularly from Afrikaners who still resented the fact that the British Union Flag was a part of the flag. In 1968, the then Prime Minister, John Vorster, proposed the adoption of a new flag from 1971, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the declaration of a republic but this never materialised.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The present South African national flag was first flown on 27 April 1994, the day of the 1994 election. However, the flag was first intended to be an interim flag only, and its design was decided upon only a week beforehand.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The choice of a new flag was part of the negotiation process set in motion when Nelson Mandela was released from prison in 1990. When a nationwide public competition was held in 1993, the National Symbols Commission received more than 7,000 designs. Six designs were shortlisted and presented to the public and the Negotiating Council, but none elicited enthusiastic support. A number of design studios were then contacted to submit further proposals, but these also did not find favour. Parliament went into recess at the end of 1993 without a suitable candidate for the new national flag.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: In February 1994, Cyril Ramaphosa and Roelf Meyer, the chief negotiators of the African National Congress and the National Party government of the day respectively, were given the task of resolving the flag issue. A final design was adopted on 15 March 1994, derived from a design developed by the State Herald Fred Brownell, who had also claimed to have previously designed the Namibian flag. This interim flag was hoisted officially for the first time on 27 April 1994, the day when the nation's first fully inclusive elections commenced which resulted in Nelson Mandela being inaugurated as South Africa's first democratically elected president on 10 May 1994. The flag was well received by most South Africans, though a small minority objected to it; hundreds of Afrikaner Volksfront members in Bloemfontein burned the flag in protest a few weeks before the April 1994 elections.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The proclamation of the new national flag by South African President F. W. de Klerk was only published on 20 April 1994, a mere seven days before the flag was to be inaugurated, sparking a frantic last-minute flurry for flag manufacturers. As stated in South Africa's post-apartheid interim constitution, the flag was to be introduced on an interim probationary period of five years, after which there would be discussion about whether or not to change the national flag in the final draft of the constitution. The Constitutional Assembly was charged with the responsibility of drafting the country's new constitution and had called for submissions, inter alia, on the issues of its various national symbols. It received 118 submissions recommending the retention of the new flag and 35 suggesting changes to it. Thus on 28 September 1995 it decided that the flag should be retained unchanged and accordingly it was included as Section One of the Constitution of South Africa which came into force in February 1997.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The South African government published guidelines for proper display of the flag at designated flag stations, in Government Notice 510 of 8 June 2001 (Gazette number 22356). These rules apply only to official flag stations and not to the general public.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: The Southern African Vexillological Association (SAVA), a non-official association for the study of flags, published their own guide for proper display of the flag in 2002. This guide has no official authority but was drawn up with generally accepted vexillological etiquette and principles in mind.


title: Flag of South Africa

text: An addendum to the Transitional Executive Council agenda (April 1994) described the flag in pseudo-heraldic terms as follows:


title: Flag of South Africa

text: "The National flag shall be rectangular in the proportion of two in the width to three to the length; per pall from the hoist, the upper band red (chilli) and lower band blue, with a black triangle at the hoist; over the partition lines a green pall one fifth the width of the flag, fimbriated white against the red and blue, and gold against the black triangle at the hoist, and the width of the pall and its fimbriations is one third the width of the flag."


title: Flag of South Africa

text: Schedule One of the Constitution of South Africa (1996) replaced the heraldic definition and described the flag in plain English as follows:


title: RadhaKrishn

text: RadhaKrishn is an Indian Hindi-language Mythological television drama series that was premiered on 1 October 2018 on Star Bharat and is also digitally available on Disney+ Hotstar. The series is based on the life of Hindu deities Radha and Krishna. It is produced by Siddharth Kumar Tewary, Rahul Kumar Tewary and Gayatri Gill Tewary for Swastik Productions and is directed by Rahul Kumar Tewary. The roles of Krishna and Radha are played by Sumedh Mudgalkar and Mallika Singh. It completed thousand episodes in 2022 and is listed among longest running television series of India.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: A prequel of RadhaKrishn, titled "Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki", started airing from 19 October 2021 and ended on 4 July 2022.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Krishna's devotee, Sridama curses Radha in Goloka to forget Krishna for 100 years and live in Bhuloka. This was a part of cosmic play as it was time for Krishna to make his entry into the mortal world. Radha and Krishna are reborn in Barsana and Mathura respectively.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Krishna is destined to kill Kamsa. Meanwhile, Ayan, Radha's friend loves Radha and he tries to separate Radha from Krishna. Krishna defeats Vyomasura, a demon whose marriage was fixed with Radha. Krishna takes Radha out of all humanly weaknesses like "bhaya" (fear), "moha" (greed), "krodha" (anger), "ghrina" (hatred), "irshya" (envy), "ahankara" (pride) and "heenbhavna" (lack of self-confidence), after defeating each human weakness Radha comes closer to Krishna. She was forced to marry Ayan. Later she realises that this marriage merely is an illusion as she can't marry anyone except Krishna because she is the incarnation of Lakshmi. Radha understands that her marriage is fake and eternally, she is Krishna's consort after Brahma completes Brahma Kalyāna (heavenly wedding) of Radha and Krishna in Goloka.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Krishna, along with Balarama defeats the demons sent by Kamsa such as Putana, Bakasura, Aghasura, Timirasura, Sudarshana, Arishtasura, Keshi, Vyomasura, Dhenukasura, Ekadansha, Pralambasura, the evil enchanter Sammohana, and his 8 brothers who are defeated by Radha's Ashtalakshmi (8 incarnations of Lakshmi) avatars. Finally, Kans calls Krishna and Balaram to Mathura for killing them, but all in vain. Balaram kills Kamsa's eight brothers and Krishna kills Kamsa. Krishna's biological parents Devaki and Vasudeva are freed from prison and Kamsa's imprisoned father Ugrasena is crowned king. Now, Krishna, Balarama and the Yadavas move to Dwaraka, their new home. Balarama marries Revati (Jyotishmati) in her earlier life, who loved Balarama as Shesha. Elsewhere, Krishna marries Rukmini. Later, Krishna also marries Satyabhama and Jambavati. He then kills the evil Narakasura and his general Mura.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: The Pandavas have escaped the lac-palace incident which was organised by their evil cousins – the Kauravas -Duryodhana and his brother Dushasana, their uncle Shakuni and Duryodhana's friend Karna. He helps Panchala king Drupada arrange a Swayamvara for his daughter Draupadi, who was born from a yajna. The third Pandava prince Arjuna wins Draupadi's svayamvara and marries her, however circumstances force Draupadi to marry all five Pandavas. The Pandavas receive a new kingdom Indraprastha, faraway from Hastinapura due to the conflict with the Kauravas.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Krishna's sister Subhadra elopes with Arjuna, whereas Krishna kills the Pundra king Paundraka Vasudeva, an impostor. The second Pandava Bhima also kills the Magadha king Jarasandha. Pandavas soon perform Rajasuya Yagna where they gain supremacy over all of Aryavarta, where Krishna's cousin Shishupala interrupts the ceremony, only to be killed by Krishna. Later, Duryodhana organises a dice game with Shakuni wherein Pandavas lose all their wealth and are humiliated, while Krishna saves Draupadi from getting disrobed in the court by Duryodhan's. Later, the Pandavas and Draupadi are exiled for 13 years. When they return, starts the Kurukshetra War, where Arjuna receives from Krishna, the knowledge of Bhagvad Gita. Shikhandi (who got a boon from Lord Shiva to kill Bhisma in her previous birth as Amba) kills Bhishma. Dhrishtadyumna kills Dronacharya, Arjuna kills Karna. Sahadeva kills Shakuni, whereas Bhima kills all the 100 Kauravas, with the war ending with the death of Duryodhana. Gandhari curses Krishna that Yadava dynasty will also be destroyed. On the other hand, Krishna turns Ayan into a better person.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Krishna returns to Dwaraka. Pradyumna returns to Dwaraka and marries Rukmavati, and a son Aniruddha is born to them. To Jambavati and Krishna, a son Samba is born to her, who was termed to be the reason for the Yadava destruction as cursed by Gandhari. Samba grows up to be short-tempered but loves his family, especially his mother, however, dislikes and hates Radha. Later, Samba, Aniruddh and Balaram's sons Nishath and Ulmuk are sent to Gurukul along with Radha, and return after a few years, as teens. Aniruddha is kept in captivity at Shonitapura, the kingdom of Banasura, by his daughter Usha. This soon results in a war between Krishna and Banasura, wherein Shiva has to fight for Banasura due to his boon, resulting in a faceoff between Krishna and Shiva. Krishna defeats Shiva and punishes Banasura for kidnapping his grandson. Soon, Aniruddha is married to Usha while Samba is married to Hastinapur's Kaurava princess, Duryodhana and Bhanumati Daughter's Lakshmanaa. As Samba had previously joined hands with Banasura, he is cursed with leprosy by Krishna and Radha cures him using "Mahamrityunjay Jaap". Later, Krishna marries Devi Yamuna.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Shankhchuda (rebirth of Sridama) enters the story who has a loving wife, Tulasi, who is his strength but he only uses her. With the help of Tulasi and her devotion for him, Shankhchuda got immense strength and he vows to destroy the whole universe. Krishna disguises himself as Shankhchuda and goes to Tulasi to break her devotion. After Shankhchuda is killed, Tulasi feels cheated. She curses Krishna to become a stone (sālagrāma). Krishna becomes a stone. However, Tulasi realises her mistake after she remembers her past. She decides to take her curse back and transforms herself into Tulsi plant. She then marries Krishna in this form and is told to remain on earth in that form. This displays Tulasi Kalyāna (Tulsi's wedding).Later, Hanuman visits Dwarka and witnesses Rama, Lakshman and Sita in Krishna, Balram and Radha respectively.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Lord Shiva suggests that Krishna should perform the Ashwamedh Yagya, for which he would need someone as his consort (ardhāngini). Krishna chooses Rukmini to sit with him for the yajna, however other queens object this, claiming that they are equally eligible for sitting with him. Narada advised to perform Tulabhara (balancing) in order to find the perfect consort for Krishna. On the weighing balance, Krishna sat on one side and the other queens have to put their jewellery to win Krishna. But no one could win Krishna. At last Rukmini kept a pair of bangles gifted by Krishna and a tulasi leaf, and wins him post balancing the scale.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: After Krishna's 100th Janmashtami, the time finally comes, when Sridama's curse come to an end and Radha remembers everything about Goloka and her true identity as a goddess and the consort of Krishna. Later, she kills Kaptasur, Shalva's accomplice and Krishna's lookalike, after she realises his evilness. Later, Vidhurath, brother of Dantavakra, tries to kill Radha but gets executed by Krishna's Sudharshan Chakra.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Later, Samba insults Rishi Durvasa in disguise, only to get cursed to give birth to Yadav dynasty's destruction.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: The original music of the series is composed by Surya Raj Kamal with the background score by Jitesh Panchal and Sushant Pawar. Lyrics are penned by Shekhar Astitwa, Neetu Pandey Kranti, Vikas Chauhan, Dr. Kannan, and others. The shlokas, mantras, and excerpts from various Hindu mythology scriptures and texts like Bhagavata Purana and Brahma Vaivarta Purana have been transformed into various themes. Popular devotional songs like Shri Krishna Govind Hare Murari, Govind Bolo Hari Gopal Bolo, and Bolo Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki have also been recreated. Some shlokas, bhajans, songs, and background music from Swastik's another magnum opus series Mahabharat are also used in the series. Surya Raj Kamal has composed more than 20 original compositions for Raasleela of Radha-Krishn. Star Bharat in December 2018 uploaded a video consisting of 14 songs from the series till that date.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: The series is one of the most expensive series on Indian Television as ₹150 crore is said to have been spent by Swastik Productions. Shooting takes place in Umbergaon, a suburb in Gujarat, India. The series is mainly shot in front of a green/blue screen.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Shibhapriya Sen is the set and costume designer who was inspired from their descriptions in scriptures, as well as different paintings. Surya Raj Kamal is the music director of the show who composed various themes. There are approximately 500 members of the crew.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: In 2017, Chahat Pandey was first cast as the lead Radha opposite Sumedh Mudgalkar while Madirakshi Mundle and Siddharth Arora as Goloka RadhaKrishna. They also starred in the show's first teaser, however, were replaced by Mallika Singh, Shivya Pathania and Himanshu Soni due to creative differences.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: The show aired on sister channel Star Plus in 2020 to 1 June 2020. The show has been airing again from 13 July 2020 on Star Bharat COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: Even though "RadhaKrishn" did not prove to be as successful as "Mahabharat" but it did become popular. The series opened up with 6.427 million impressions and was the sixth most watched urban television in its debut week in India, ranking in a TRP of 2.9. In the first week of December 2018, it was at fifth position with 6.6 million impressions. It started to get low ratings when Star Bharat shifted to a pay channel. It had an average 0.5 TRP in 2020 and 2021.


title: RadhaKrishn

text: In June, it was announced that a prequel show will be launched, highlighting the early days of Lord Krishna. It has been titled as Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki. It premiered on 19 October 2021 and ended on 4 July 2022.