title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand's tenure at Davis Polk included serving as a defense attorney for tobacco company Philip Morris during major litigation, including both civil lawsuits and U.S. Justice Department criminal and civil racketeering and perjury probes. As a junior associate in the mid-1990s, she defended the company's executives against a criminal investigation into whether they had committed perjury in their testimony before Congress when they claimed that they had no knowledge of a connection between tobacco smoking and cancer. Gillibrand worked closely on the case and became a key part of the defense team. As part of her work, she traveled to the company's laboratory in Germany, where she interviewed scientists about the company's alleged research into the connection. The inquiry was dropped and it was during this time that she became a senior associate.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: While working at Davis Polk, Gillibrand became involved in—and later the leader of—the Women's Leadership Forum, a program of the Democratic National Committee. Gillibrand has said that a speech to the group by Hillary Clinton inspired her: " was trying to encourage us to become more active in politics and she said, 'If you leave all the decision-making to others, you might not like what they do, and you will have no one but yourself to blame.' It was such a challenge to the women in the room. And it really hit me: She's talking to me."


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 2001, Gillibrand became a partner in the Manhattan office of Boies, Schiller & Flexner. In 2002 she informed Boies of her interest in running for office and was permitted to transfer to the firm's Albany office. She left Boies in 2005 to begin her 2006 campaign for Congress.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand has said her work at private law firms allowed her to take on "pro bono" cases defending abused women and their children and tenants seeking safe housing after lead paint and unsafe conditions were found in their homes. After her time at Davis Polk, she served as Special Counsel to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Andrew Cuomo during the last year of the Clinton administration. Gillibrand worked on HUD's Labor Initiative and its New Markets Initiative, on TAP's Young Leaders of the American Democracy, and on strengthening Davis–Bacon Act enforcement.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 1999, Gillibrand began working on Hillary Clinton's 2000 U.S. Senate campaign, focusing on campaigning to young women and encouraging them to join the effort. Many of those women later worked on Gillibrand's campaigns. She and Clinton became close during the election, with Clinton becoming something of a mentor to her. Gillibrand donated more than $12,000 to Clinton's Senate campaigns.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand considered running for office in 2004, in New York's 20th congressional district, against the three-term Republican incumbent John E. Sweeney. But Hillary Clinton believed circumstances would be more favorable in 2006 and advised her to wait until then. Traditionally conservative, the district and its electoral offices had been in Republican hands for all but four years since 1913, and as of November 2006, 197,473 voters in the district were registered Republicans and 82,737 were registered Democrats. Sweeney said in 2006 that "no Republican can ever lose ". Using New York's electoral fusion election laws, Gillibrand ran in 2006 on both the Democratic and Working Families lines; in addition to having the Republican nomination, Sweeney was endorsed by the Conservative and Independence parties.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: During the campaign, Gillibrand got support from other Democratic Party politicians. Mike McNulty, a Democratic Congressman from the neighboring 21st congressional district, campaigned for her, as did both Hillary and Bill Clinton; the former president appeared twice at campaign events. Both parties poured millions of dollars into the respective campaigns.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Many saw Gillibrand as moderate or conservative. Michael Brendan Dougherty in "The American Conservative" wrote after her victory, "Gillibrand won her upstate New York district by running to the right: she campaigned against amnesty for illegal immigrants, promised to restore fiscal responsibility to Washington, and pledged to protect gun rights."


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand's legal representation of Philip Morris was an issue during the campaign. Her campaign finance records showed that she received $23,200 in contributions from the company's employees during her 2006 campaign.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: The probable turning point in the election was the November 1 release of a December 2005 police report detailing a 9-1-1 call by Sweeney's wife, in which she claimed Sweeney was "knocking her around the house". The Sweeney campaign claimed the police report was false and promised to have the official report released by state police, but did not do so. The Sweeney campaign did release an ad in which Sweeney's wife called Gillibrand's campaign "a disgrace". Several months later, Sweeney's wife said her "disgrace" statement was coerced, and that her husband was physically abusive.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: By November 5, a Siena poll showed Gillibrand ahead of Sweeney 46% to 43%. She won with 53% of the vote.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: After Gillibrand's win, Republicans quickly began speculating about possible 2008 candidates. Len Cutler, director of the Center for the Study of Government and Politics at Siena College, said that the seat would be difficult for Gillibrand to hold in 2008, with Republicans substantially outnumbering Democrats in the district.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand was reelected in 2008 over former New York Secretary of State Sandy Treadwell, 62% to 38%. Treadwell lost despite significantly outspending Gillibrand and promising never to vote to raise taxes, not to accept a federal salary, and to limit himself to three terms in office. Campaign expenditures were the second highest in the nation for a House race. Democrats generally saw major successes during the 2008 congressional elections, credited in part to a coattail effect from Barack Obama's presidential campaign.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand's legal representation of Philip Morris was again an issue. Her campaign finance records showed that she received $18,200 from Philip Morris employees for her 2008 campaign, putting her among the top dozen Democrats in such contributions. Questioned during the campaign about her work on behalf of Philip Morris, Gillibrand said that she had voted in favor of all three anti-tobacco bills in that session of Congress. She said that she never hid her work for Philip Morris, and added that as an associate at her law firm, she had had no control over which clients she worked for. Davis Polk allowed associates to withdraw from representing clients about whom they had moral qualms.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Upon taking office, Gillibrand joined the Blue Dog Coalition, a group of moderate to conservative Democrats. She was noted for voting against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, citing concerns regarding insufficient oversight and excessive earmarks. She opposed a 2007 state-level proposal to issue driver's licenses to illegal immigrants and voted for legislation that would withhold federal funds from immigrant sanctuary cities. Gillibrand also voted for a bill that limited information-sharing between federal agencies about firearm purchasers and received a 100% rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA). She expressed personal support for same-sex marriage, but advocated for civil unions for same-sex couples and said same-sex marriage should a state-level issue.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: After taking office, Gillibrand became the first member of Congress to publish her official schedule, listing everyone she met with on a given day. She also published earmark requests she received and her personal financial statement. This "Sunlight Report", as her office termed it, was praised by in a December 2006 "New York Times" editorial as a "quiet touch of revolution" in a non-transparent system. Of the earmarking process, Gillibrand said she wanted whatever was best for her district and would require every project to pass a "greatest-need, greatest-good" test.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: On December 1, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama announced his choice of Hillary Clinton, the junior U.S. senator from New York, as Secretary of State. Clinton was confirmed by a vote of 94–2 on January 21, 2009. Just hours before being sworn in as Secretary of State, Clinton resigned her Senate seat, effective immediately. Obama's December announcement began a two-month search to fill her Senate seat. Under New York law, the governor appoints a replacement. A special election would then be held in November 2010 for the remainder of her term, which ended in January 2013.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Governor David Paterson's selection process began with a number of prominent names and high-profile New York Democrats, including Andrew Cuomo, Fran Drescher and Caroline Kennedy, vying for the spot. Gillibrand quietly campaigned for the position, meeting secretly with Paterson on at least one occasion. She said that she made an effort to underscore her successful House elections in a largely conservative district, adding that she could be a good complement to Chuck Schumer. Gillibrand was presumed a likely choice in the days before the official announcement. On January 23, 2009, Paterson held a press conference to announce Gillibrand as his choice.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: The response to the appointment in New York was mixed. Upstate New York media was generally optimistic about the appointment of an upstate senator, as none had been elected since Charles Goodell left office in 1971. Many downstaters were disappointed with the selection, with some media outlets stating that Paterson had ignored the electoral influence of New York City and downstate on state politics. One questioned whether Paterson's administration was aware of " statewide elections are won and lost". Gillibrand was relatively unknown statewide, and many voters found the choice surprising. One source stated, "With every Democrat in New York ... angling for the appointment, there was a sense of bafflement, belittlement, and bruised egos when Paterson tapped the junior legislator unknown outside of Albany."


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Shortly before her appointment to the Senate was announced, Gillibrand reportedly contacted the Empire State Pride Agenda, an LGBT lobbying organization in New York, to express her full support for same-sex marriage, the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy regarding gay and lesbian servicemembers, and the passage of legislation banning discrimination against transgender persons. She had supported civil unions for same-sex couples and argued that the same-sex marriage issue should be left to states. Paterson's office had advised her to reach out to Empire State Pride.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand was sworn in on January 26, 2009; at 42, she entered the chamber as the youngest senator in the 111th Congress. In February, she endorsed Scott Murphy, whom New York Democrats chose as their nominee for her former seat in the House of Representatives. In April, Murphy won the seat against Republican Jim Tedisco by 399 votes and succeeded Gillibrand in the House until 2011.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand had numerous potential challengers in the September 14, 2010, Democratic primary election. Some were obvious at the time of her appointment. Most notably, Representative Carolyn McCarthy was unhappy with Gillibrand's stance on gun control, but McCarthy decided not to run. Harold Ford, Jr., a former Congressman from Tennessee, considered a run but decided against it in March 2009.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Concerned about a possible schism in the party that could lead to a heated primary, split electorate, and weakened stance, high-ranking members of the party backed Gillibrand and requested major opponents not to run. In the end, Gillibrand faced Gail Goode, a lawyer from New York City, and won the primary with 76% of the vote.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Despite what was expected to be a heated race, Gillibrand easily prevailed against former Republican congressman Joseph DioGuardi in her first statewide election. By the end of October, a Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll showed Gillibrand leading 57%-34%. Gillibrand won the November election 63%–35%, carrying 54 of New York's 62 counties; the counties that supported DioGuardi did so by a margin no greater than 10%.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand's special election victory gave her the right to serve the rest of Clinton's second term, which ended in January 2013. Gillibrand ran for a full six-year term in November 2012. In the general election, she faced Wendy E. Long, an attorney running on both the Republican Party and Conservative Party lines. Gillibrand was endorsed by "The New York Times" and the "Democrat and Chronicle". She won the election with 72.2% of the vote; in so doing, she surpassed Schumer's 71.2% victory in 2004 and achieved the largest victory margin for a statewide candidate in New York history. She carried all counties except for two in western New York.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand was reelected to a second term in the Senate, defeating Republican Chele Chiavacci Farley with 67% of the vote. During a campaign debate, she pledged that she would serve out a full six-year term if reelected. She was endorsed by the progressive groups Indivisible and Working Families.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: A member of the Democratic Party's relatively conservative Blue Dog faction while in the House, Gillibrand has moved her political positions and ideology toward a liberal, progressive position since her appointment to the Senate. In both cases, her views were significantly defined by the respective constituencies she served—a conservative congressional district versus the generally liberal state of New York, especially as defined by New York City. For example, although she had been quiet on the U.S. military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy when she was in the House, during her first 18 months in the Senate, Gillibrand was an important part of the successful campaign to repeal it.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand made national headlines in February 2009 for stating that she and her husband kept two guns under their bed. Her staff later indicated that Gillibrand no longer stored guns under her bed.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: On April 9, 2009, a combined Schumer–Gillibrand press release said that the two strongly supported a Latino being nominated to the Supreme Court at the time of the next vacancy. Their first choice was Sonia Sotomayor. The two introduced her at Sotomayor's Senate confirmation hearing in July 2009.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: During the lame duck session of the 111th Congress, Gillibrand scored two substantial legislative victories: the passage of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 and the passage of the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act. Both were issues she had advocated for during that session. In the aftermath of these victories, Gillibrand gained a more prominent national profile.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In March 2011, Gillibrand co-sponsored the PROTECT IP Act, which would restrict access to websites judged to be infringing copyrights, but ultimately announced she would not support the bill as-is due to wide critical public response.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 2012, Gillibrand authored a portion of the STOCK Act, which extended limitations on insider trading by members of Congress. A version of the bill, merged by Senator Joe Lieberman with content from another bill authored by Senator Scott Brown, was passed by Congress and signed into law by Obama in April.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 2013, Gillibrand proposed legislation that would remove sexual assault cases from the military chain of command; the bill was cosponsored by Senators Rand Paul and Ted Cruz. Gillibrand's bill failed to gain enough votes to break a filibuster in March 2014, but her efforts likely improved her standing as a lawmaker in the Senate.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In December 2013, Gillibrand introduced the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act, which would have provided paid family leave.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: By 2013, Gillibrand had "skillfully aligned herself with causes with visible, moving human characters who have helped amplified her policy goals". For example, in campaigning for the repeal of the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy, she established a website with videos of gay and lesbian veterans telling their personal stories. She has been less deferential to Senate seniority protocols and more uncompromising in her positions—such as combating sexual assault in the military—than most freshman senators, which has sometimes caused friction with her Democratic colleagues. Senator Charles Grassley has contrasted her approach with other New Yorkers of both parties, saying she is distinguished by "her determination and knowledge and willingness to sit down one on one with senators and explain what she is up to". Her fund-raising ability—almost $30 million from 2009 through 2013—helped her become a mentor to female candidates nationwide during that period.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 2014, Gillibrand was included in the annual "Time" 100, "Time" magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 2015, Gillibrand invited campus activist Emma Sulkowicz to attend the State of the Union Address. Her invitation was intended to promote the Campus Accountability and Safety Act, a bill Gillibrand co-sponsored.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand once supported legislation that would criminalize "boycotts" by individuals or groups seeking to express a disapproval of the actions taken by the government of Israel. Gillibrand's advocacy against protests and "boycotts" included her co-sponsoring S.720, coined the "Israel Anti-Boycott Act". This legislation would have criminalized any political boycott intended to protest actions by the Israeli government, with a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) denounced S.720, claiming its provisions seeking to "punish U.S. persons based solely on their expressed political beliefs" are "inconsistent" with First Amendment constitutional protections. In July 2017, Gillibrand stated that she no longer supported the bill in its then-current form, adding that she would advocate for changes to it. She said the bill did not "have any relevance to individuals at all" and insisted she planned to "urge them to rewrite it to make sure it says...'This is only applying to companies.'"


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In a February 2018 "60 Minutes" profile, Gillibrand said she was "'embarrassed and ashamed'" of the positions on immigration and guns she held during her tenure in the House of Representatives.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand was named as part of the "Hell-No Caucus" by "Politico" in 2018, along with Senators Kamala Harris, Cory Booker, Elizabeth Warren, and Bernie Sanders, for voting "overwhelmingly to thwart [Trump's] nominees for administration jobs", such as with Rex Tillerson, Betsy DeVos, and Mike Pompeo; all the senators were considered potential 2020 presidential contenders at the time, and all five did run for president in 2020.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: According to a FiveThirtyEight study, 12% of Gillibrand's votes matched Trump's position, the lowest among all senators.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In early 2019, on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", Gillibrand announced the formation of an exploratory committee to consider running for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election. During her January 15 appearance, she said, "I am going to run", and the same day paperwork filed with the Federal Election Commission established the Gillibrand 2020 Exploratory Committee. Gillibrand had frequently been mentioned as a possible 2020 contender by the media before her announcement, but during a 2018 Senate campaign debate, she had promised to serve her entire six-year term if she were reelected.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In a Twitter post on March 17, Gillibrand announced that she was officially running for president. Like other Democratic candidates, she pledged not to accept campaign donations from political action committees.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand was invited to the first Democratic presidential debate, participating on the second night, on June 27. She was also invited to the second debate, again participating in the second night, on July 31.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand suspended her campaign on August 28, 2019, citing her failure to qualify for the third round of Democratic primary debates. She neither met the polling threshold nor sustained the fundraising quota set as debate qualifications.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: During her tenure in the House of Representatives, Gillibrand was known as a centrist Democrat. In the House, she was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition, a caucus of fiscally conservative Democrats; she also voted against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, spoke against the issuance of driver's licenses to undocumented immigrants, and voted for a bill that would withhold federal funds from immigrant sanctuary cities. Gillibrand also voted for a bill that limited information-sharing between federal agencies about firearm purchasers and advocated for civil unions for same-sex couples.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Since she became a member of the Senate, Gillibrand's political positions have moved leftward. In July 2018, "Newsday" wrote that Gillibrand "formerly held more conservative views on guns and immigration, but, in her nine years as New York's junior senator, [has] swung steadily to the left on those and other issues". After being appointed to the Senate, she expressed support for same-sex marriage. A supporter of gun rights while in the House, Gillibrand has since moved in the direction of gun control. She has said that a conversation with a family who had lost a daughter to gun violence made her realize that she was "wrong" to oppose gun control measures; having once received an "A" rating from the NRA, she received an "F" rating as of 2018. In June 2018, Gillibrand called U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, a "deportation force" and became the first sitting senator to support the call to abolish ICE. She said, "I believe you should get rid of it, start over, reimagine it and build something that actually works" and "I think you should reimagine ICE under a new agency with a very different mission".


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In May 2018, "City & State" reported that Gillibrand had "moved sharply leftward on economic issues, embracing a number of proposals to expand the social safety net and bolster lower-income families". In July 2018, "The New York Times" wrote that Gillibrand had "spent recent months injecting her portfolio with a dose of the kind of economic populism that infused Senator Bernie Sanders's campaign in the 2016 presidential primary".


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In a 2019 reversal of a past position, Gillibrand stated her support for driver's licenses for undocumented immigrants.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: On social issues, Gillibrand is generally liberal, supporting abortion rights and helping lead the successful repeal effort of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell". A supporter of Medicare-for-all since her first House run in 2006, she co-sponsored a 2017 Medicare-for-all bill introduced by Sanders and said that health care should be a right. Gillibrand also supports a federal jobs guarantee. Although she used to be one of the top recipients of corporate campaign donations, in 2018 she supported rejecting corporate PAC funds and invested heavily in online fundraising. Ninety-seven percent of donations to her 2018 campaign totaled $100 or less. She advocates government transparency, being one of a few members of Congress who release much personal and scheduling information.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In May 2017, Gillibrand co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (S.270), which made it a federal crime, punishable by a maximum sentence of 20 years imprisonment, for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories if protesting actions by the Israeli government. In July 2017, Gillibrand said she no longer supported the bill in its then-current form, adding that she would advocate for changes to it. She said the bill did not "have any relevance to individuals at all" and insisted she planned to "urge them to rewrite it to make sure it says...'This is only applying to companies.'"


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 2018, Gillibrand said she was "embarrassed and ashamed" of the positions on guns and immigration she took during her House tenure.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand has gone against her party on a number of occasions on issues related to women's rights. Declaring a "zero tolerance" doctrine regarding accusations of sexual misconduct by members of Congress, Gillibrand was the first in her caucus to call on Senator Al Franken to resign. Franken left office before a Senate Ethics Committee investigation could review the accuracy of the allegations against him. In 2019, seven Democratic current and former U.S. senators who had demanded Franken's resignation in 2017 told "New Yorker" reporter Jane Mayer they had been wrong to do so, but Gillibrand has expressed no regrets for leading the demand for his resignation.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In November 2017, amid the MeToo movement, Gillibrand became the first high-profile Democrat to say that Bill Clinton should have resigned when his affair with Monica Lewinsky was revealed. In 2018, Clinton expressed disagreement with Gillibrand's opinion.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 2019, a female former aide to Gillibrand criticized her for retaining a male staffer despite the aide's sexual harassment complaint against him. This was contrasted with her "unyielding stand against sexual misconduct" by other men such as Franken.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand met her husband, Jonathan Gillibrand, a venture capitalist and British national, on a blind date. Jonathan planned to be in the United States for only a year while studying for his Master of Business Administration at Columbia University, but he stayed in the country because of their developing relationship. They married in a Catholic church in Manhattan in 2001.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: The Gillibrands had their first son, Theodore, in 2003, and their second son, Henry, in 2008. Gillibrand continued to work until the day of Henry's delivery and received a standing ovation from her colleagues in the House for doing so.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Because of the requirements of Gillibrand's office, the family spends most of its time in Washington, D.C. In 2011, the Gillibrands sold their house in Hudson and purchased their home in Brunswick to be closer to Gillibrand's family in Albany. In 2020, the Gillibrands sold their house in Brunswick. Gillibrand stated in 2020 that her family was looking for a house in the North Country.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: Gillibrand was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa, a national leadership honor society, as an "honoris causa" initiate at SUNY Plattsburgh in 2012.


title: Kirsten Gillibrand

text: In 2014, Gillibrand published her first book, "Off the Sidelines: Raise Your Voice, Change the World". The candid memoir was notable in the media upon release due to whisperings of a future presidential run as well as Gillibrand's claims of sexism in the Senate, including specific comments made to her by other members of Congress about her weight and appearance. "Off the Sidelines" debuted at number 8 on "The New York Times" Best Seller list for hardcover nonfiction.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: Weekly Shonen Jump was a digital "shōnen" manga anthology published in North America by Viz Media, and the successor to their monthly print anthology "Shonen Jump". It began serialization on January 30, 2012, as Weekly Shonen Jump Alpha (officially stylized as "Weekly SHONEN JUMP αlpha" or "Weekly SHONEN JUMP Alpha"), with two free preview issues published in the buildup to its launch. Based on Shueisha's popular Japanese magazine of the same name, "Weekly Shonen Jump" was an attempt to provide English-speaking readers with easily accessible, affordable, and officially licensed editions of the latest installments of popular "Shōnen Jump" manga soon after their publication in Japan, as an alternative to popular bootleg scanlation services which were illegal and often poorly translated. It attempts to copy the Japanese magazine.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: The anthology launched with a lineup of six titles, with new issues published online two weeks after the equivalent Japanese release. At the time of its cancellation, the magazine featured twelve titles, including installments of monthly series from the Japanese magazine's sister publications, "Weekly Young Jump", "Jump SQ", "V Jump", and "Young Jump Web Comics". At New York Comic-Con 2012 it was announced that the magazine would transition to simultaneous publication with Japan beginning with the January 21, 2013 issue, with more new series to be added to the lineup. The magazine was renamed "Weekly Shonen Jump" starting on January 21, 2013.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: Viz Media published its final digital issue of "Weekly Shonen Jump" and launched the "Shonen Jump digital vault" on December 10, 2018, providing access to a limited number of free digital chapters and a subscription service to access their back catalogue of "Shonen Jump" titles. A global version of "Shonen Jump+" was also launched on January 28, 2019, called "MANGA Plus" by Shueisha.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: In October 2011, Viz confirmed that "Weekly Shonen Jump Alpha", a weekly digital version of the magazine, would be released on January 30, 2012. Viz also confirmed that it would release its final "Shonen Jump" print publication in March of that year after "Weekly Shonen Jump Alpha" is released.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: On January 11, 2012, two free preview issues were published, made available until February 29, 2012. The first, Issue Origins, included the first chapter of each of the six manga to be serialized, while Issue 0 included chapters recently released in Japan, to help readers catch-up.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: In Summer 2012, "Bakuman" became the first title of the original "Alpha" lineup to finish serialization, and the magazine began featuring installments of ongoing monthly titles from "Jump SQ" and "V Jump", as well as a number of new series fresh from their debut in "Weekly Shōnen Jump", including "Barrage", "Cross Manage", and "Takama-Ga-Hara". In October 2012, Viz released the first "Starter Pack," a free, 300+ page preview containing recent chapters of all the titles currently serialized in the magazine.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: On January 21, 2013, the magazine was renamed "Weekly Shonen Jump" and began simultaneous publication with Japanese editions of "Weekly Shōnen Jump". The layout and graphic design of the magazine was changed, and a new website was launched at shonenjump.com. The transition also brought with it the announcement of several new series, including a full-color reprinting of "Dragon Ball", the superhero webmanga "One-Punch Man", and the debut of a new "Weekly Shōnen Jump" sci-fi series, "World Trigger."


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: On July 4, 2013, the magazine went international, becoming available for purchase in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: In January, 2014, "Weekly Shonen Jump" returned to print via the "Jump Pack", a quarterly print sampler that includes a three-month subscription to the digital magazine and a promotional "Yu-Gi-Oh!" card.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: In August, 2014, a new "Jump Start" feature was announced, whereby all new series debuting in the Japanese edition of "Weekly Shōnen Jump" will have at their first three chapters published in the English "Weekly Shonen Jump". A variety of factors including continued Japanese serialization and English audience reception will then help to determine if the series is picked up for full serialization in the English magazine.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: On June 29, 2016, the magazine expands its availability, becoming available for purchase in India, the Philippines and Singapore.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: On December 10, 2018, Viz Media published its final digital issue of "Weekly Shonen Jump" in favor of new chapters being released for free with an app and a subscription service to access their back catalogue.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: Issues of "Weekly Shonen Jump" ranged from 100 to 393 pages, depending on the titles and special features appearing in any given week, and were available to read online or on web-enabled devices via Viz's official website or through the official app. Readers could sign up for an annual subscription or purchase individual issues.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: The format of the magazine generally mirrored that of the equivalent issue of the Japanese magazine, typically featuring the same cover illustrations, as well as color interior pages and the ordering of series on the table of contents by popularity, as determined by weekly reader polls in Japan.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: Issues frequently contained additional features such as exclusive creator interviews and manga specials (including one-shots, crossovers, and full-color chapters). Likewise, the official website offered articles, wallpapers, chapter previews, sketch videos, and a variety of other special features. Annual subscribers who registered their mailing address would also periodically receive free promotional "Yu-Gi-Oh!" cards through the mail, as well as a free "yearbook" each December, which included exclusive one-shot manga specials, posters, interviews, and other features.


title: Weekly Shonen Jump (American magazine)

text: Beginning in September 2014, the "Jump Start initiative" was started with the goal of previewing the first three issues of all new manga debuting in the Japanese magazine, with the potential for full serialization in the English magazine if various criteria are met.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is a critically endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to forests in the Philippines. It has brown and white-colored plumage, a shaggy crest, and generally measures in length and weighs .


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle is considered the largest of the extant eagles in the world in terms of length and wing surface area, with only Steller's sea eagle and the Harpy eagle being larger in terms of weight and bulk. It has been declared the national bird of the Philippines. The most significant threat to the species is loss of habitat, a result of high levels of deforestation throughout most of its range.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Killing a Philippine eagle is a criminal offence, punishable by law with up to 12 years imprisonment and heavy fines.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The first European to study the species was the English explorer and naturalist John Whitehead in 1896, who observed the bird and whose servant, Juan, collected the first specimen a few weeks later. The skin of the bird was sent to William Robert Ogilvie-Grant in London in 1896, who initially showed it off in a local restaurant and described the species a few weeks later.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Upon its scientific discovery, the Philippine eagle was first called the monkey-eating eagle because of reports from natives of Bonga, Samar, where the species was first discovered, that it preyed exclusively on monkeys. These reports gave its generic name, from the Greek (πίθηκος, "ape” or “monkey") and (-φάγος, "eater of"). The species name commemorates Jeffery Whitehead, the father of John Whitehead. Later studies revealed, however, that the alleged monkey-eating eagle also ate other animals, such as colugos, large snakes, monitor lizards, and even large birds such as Hornbills. This, coupled with the fact that the same name applied to the African Crowned eagle and the Central and South American Harpy eagle, it was renamed "Philippine eagle" in a 1978 proclamation by then-President Ferdinand Marcos. In 1995, it was declared a national emblem under President Fidel V. Ramos. This species has no recognized subspecies.


title: Philippine eagle

text: It has also been called the ”Great Philippine eagle”. It has numerous names in the many Philippine languages, including "ágila" ("eagle", a Spanish loanword), "háribon" (from ”"haring ibón”," "king bird"), and "banog" ("kite").


title: Philippine eagle

text: A 1919 study of the bird’s skeletal features led to the suggestion that the nearest relative was the Harpy eagle. The species was included in the subfamily Harpiinae until a 2005 study of DNA sequences which identified them as not members of the group, finding instead that the nearest relatives are Snake eagles (Circaetinae), such as the bateleur. The species has subsequently been placed in the subfamily Circaetinae.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle's nape is adorned with long, brown feathers that form a shaggy, manelike crest. The eagle has a dark face and a creamy-brown nape and crown. The back of the Philippine eagle is dark brown, while the underside and underwings are white. The heavy legs are yellow, with large, powerful, dark claws, and the prominent, large, high-arched, deep beak is a bluish-gray. The eagle's eyes are blue-gray. Juveniles are similar to adults except their upperpart feathers have pale fringes.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle is typically reported as measuring in total length, but a survey of several specimens from some of the largest natural history collections in the world found the average was for males and for females. Based on the latter measurements, this makes it the longest extant species of eagle, as the average for the female equals the maximum reported for the harpy eagle and Steller's sea eagle. The longest Philippine eagle reported anywhere and the longest eagle outside of the extinct Haast's eagle is a specimen from Field Museum of Natural History with a length of , but it had been kept in captivity so may not represent the wild individuals due to differences in the food availability.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The level of sexual dimorphism in size is not certain, but the male is believed to be typically about 10% smaller than the female, and this is supported by the average length provided for males and females in one source. In many of the other large eagle species, the size difference between adult females and males can exceed 20%. For adult Philippine eagles, the complete weight range has been reported as , while others have found the average was somewhat lower than the above range would indicate, at for males and for females. One male (age not specified) was found to weigh . The Philippine eagle has a wingspan of and a wing chord length of .


title: Philippine eagle

text: The maximum reported weight is surpassed by two other eagles (the harpy and Steller's sea eagles) and the wings are shorter than large eagles of open country (such as the white-tailed eagle, Steller's sea eagle, martial eagle, or wedge-tailed eagle), but are quite broad. The tarsus of the Philippine eagle ties as the longest of any eagle from long, which is about the same length as that of the much smaller but relatively long-legged New Guinea eagle. The very large but laterally compressed bill rivals the size of Steller's sea eagle's as the largest bill for an extant eagle. Its bill averages in length from the gape. The tail is fairly long at , while another source lists a tail length of .


title: Philippine eagle

text: The most frequently heard noises made by the Philippine eagle are loud, high-pitched whistles ending with inflections in pitch. Additionally, juveniles have been known to beg for food by a series of high-pitched calls.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle is endemic to the Philippines and can be found on four major islands: eastern Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao. The largest numbers of eagles reside on Mindanao, with between 82 and 233 breeding pairs. Only six pairs are found on Samar, two on Leyte, and a few on Luzon. It can be found in Northern Sierra Madre National Park on Luzon and Mount Apo, Mount Malindang, and Mount Kitanglad National Parks on Mindanao.


title: Philippine eagle

text: This eagle is found in dipterocarp and mid montane forests, particularly in steep areas. Its elevation ranges from the lowlands to mountains of over . Only an estimated of old-growth forest remain in the bird's range. However, its total estimated range is about .


title: Philippine eagle

text: Evolution in the Philippine islands, without other predators, made the eagles the dominant hunter in the Philippine forests. Each breeding pair requires a large home range to successfully raise a chick, thus the species is extremely vulnerable to deforestation. Earlier, the territory has been estimated at , but a study on Mindanao Island found the nearest distance between breeding pairs to be about on average, resulting in a circular plot of .


title: Philippine eagle

text: The species' flight is fast and agile, resembling the smaller hawks more than similar large birds of prey.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Juveniles in play behavior have been observed gripping knotholes in trees with their talons, and using their tails and wings for balance, inserting their heads into tree cavities. Additionally, they have been known to attack inanimate objects for practice, as well as attempt to hang upside down to work on their balance. As the parents are not nearby when this occurs, they apparently do not play a role in teaching the juvenile to hunt.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Life expectancy for a wild eagle is estimated to be from 30 to 60 years. A captive Philippine eagle lived for 41 years in Rome Zoo, and it was already an adult when it arrived at the zoo. Another captive Philippine eagle lived for 46 years at the Philippine Eagle Center in Davao City. However, wild birds on average are believed to live shorter lives than captive birds.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle was known initially as the Philippine monkey-eating eagle because it was believed to feed on monkeys (the only two monkeys native to the Philippines are the Philippine long-tailed macaque and common long-tailed macaque, both subspecies of the long-tailed or crab-eating macaque) almost exclusively; this has proven to be inaccurate. This may be because the first examined specimen was found to have undigested pieces of a monkey in its stomach. Like most predators, the Philippine eagle is an opportunist that takes prey based on its local level of abundance and ease. It is the apex predator in its range.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Prey specimens found at the eagle's nest have ranged in size from a small bat weighing to a Philippine deer weighing . The primary prey varies from island to island depending on species availability, particularly in Luzon and Mindanao, because the islands are in different faunal regions. For example, the tree squirrel-sized Philippine flying lemurs, the preferred prey in Mindanao, are absent in Luzon. The primary prey for the eagles seen in Luzon are monkeys, birds, flying foxes, giant cloud-rats "Phloeomys pallidus" (which can weigh twice as much as flying lemurs at ), and reptiles such as large snakes and lizards. The flying lemur could make up an estimated 90% of the raptor's diet in some locations. While the eagles generally seem to prefer flying lemurs where available, most other animals found in the Philippines, short of adult ungulates and humans, may be taken as prey. This can include Asian palm civets (12% of the diet in Mindanao), macaques, flying squirrels, tree squirrels, fruit bats, rats, birds such as owls and hornbills, and reptiles including snakes and monitor lizards. They have been reported to capture young pigs and small dogs.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Philippine eagles primarily use two hunting techniques. One is still-hunting, in which it watches for prey activity while sitting almost motionlessly on a branch near the canopy. The other is perch-hunting, which entails periodically gliding from one perch to another. While perch-hunting, they often work their way gradually down from the canopy on down the branches, and if not successful in finding prey in their initial foray, they fly or circle back up to the top of the trees to work them again. Eagles in Mindanao often find success using the latter method while hunting flying lemurs, since they are nocturnal animals that try to use camouflage to protect themselves by day. Eagle pairs sometimes hunt troops of monkeys cooperatively, with one bird perching nearby to distract the primates, allowing the other to swoop in from behind, hopefully unnoticed, for the kill. Since the native macaque is aggressive and often around the same size as the eagle itself or even larger, around in adult males, it is a potentially hazardous prey, and an eagle has been reported to suffer a broken leg after it struggled and fell along with a large male monkey.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The complete breeding cycle of the Philippine eagle lasts two years. The female matures sexually at five years of age and the male at seven. Like most eagles, the Philippine eagle is monogamous. Once paired, a couple remains together for the rest of their lives. If one dies, the remaining eagle often searches for a new mate to replace the one lost.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The beginning of courtship is signaled by nest-building, and the eagle remaining near its nest. Aerial displays also play a major role in the courtship. These displays include paired soaring over a nesting territory, the male chasing the female in a diagonal dive, and mutual talon presentation, where the male presents his talons to the female's back and she flips over in midair to present her own talons. Advertisement displays coupled with loud calling have also been reported. The willingness of an eagle to breed is displayed by the eagle bringing nesting materials to the bird's nest. Copulation follows and occurs repeatedly both on the nest and on nearby perches. The earliest courtship has been reported in July.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Breeding season is in July; birds on different islands, most notably Mindanao and Luzon, begin breeding at different ends of this range. The amount of rainfall and population of prey may also affect the breeding season. The nest is normally built on an emergent dipterocarp, or any tall tree with an open crown, in primary or disturbed forest. The nests are lined with green leaves, and can be around across. The nesting location is around or even more above the ground. As in many other large raptors, the eagle's nest resembles a huge platform made of sticks. The eagle frequently reuses the same nesting site for several different chicks. Eight to 10 days before the egg is ready to be laid, the female is afflicted with a condition known as egg lethargy. In this experience, the female does not eat, drinks much water, and holds her wings droopingly. The female typically lays one egg in the late afternoon or at dusk, although occasionally two have been reported. If an egg fails to hatch or the chick dies early, the parents likely lay another egg the following year. Copulation may take place a few days after the egg is laid to enable another egg to be laid should the first one fail. The egg is incubated for 58 to 68 days (typically 62 days) after being laid. Both sexes participate in the incubation, but the female does the majority of incubating during the day and all of it at night.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Both sexes help feed the newly hatched eaglet. Additionally, the parents have been observed taking turns shielding the eaglet from the sun and rain until it is seven weeks old. The young eaglet fledges after four or five months. The earliest an eagle has been observed making a kill is 304 days after hatching. Both parents take care of the eaglet for a total of 20 months and, unless the previous nesting attempt had failed, the eagles can breed only in alternate years. The Philippine eagle rivals two other large tropical eagles, namely the crowned eagle and harpy eagle, for having the longest breeding cycle of any bird of prey. Even nests have no predators other than humans, as even known nest predators such as palm civets and macaques (being prey species) are likely to actively avoid any area with regular eagle activity.


title: Philippine eagle

text: In 1994, the IUCN and BirdLife International listed this species as critically endangered. The IUCN believed that between 180 and 500 Philippine eagles survive in the Philippines. In 2015, about 600 were estimated to be left in the wild. The Zoological Society of London listed the Philippine eagle as the top 15 EDGE species, out of all the world's recorded species, making it the Philippines' most "evolutionary distinct and globally endangered" species.


title: Philippine eagle

text: They are threatened primarily by deforestation through logging and expanding agriculture. Old-growth forest is being lost at a high rate, and most of the forest in the lowlands is owned by logging companies. Mining, pollution, exposure to pesticides that affect breeding, and poaching are also major threats. Additionally, they are occasionally caught in traps laid by local people for deer. Though this is no longer a major problem, the eagle's numbers were also reduced by being captured for zoos. The diminishing numbers of the Philippine eagle were first brought to international attention in 1965 by the noted Filipino ornithologist Dioscoro S. Rabor, and the director of the Parks and Wildlife Office, Jesus A. Alvarez. Charles Lindbergh, best known for crossing the Atlantic alone and without stopping in 1927, was fascinated by this eagle. As a representative of the World Wildlife Fund, Lindbergh traveled to the Philippines several times between 1969 and 1972, where he helped persuade the government to protect the eagle. In 1969, the Monkey-eating Eagle Conservation Program was started to help preserve this species. In 1992, the first Philippine eagles were hatched in captivity through artificial insemination; however, the first naturally bred eaglet was not hatched until 1999. The first captive-bred bird to be released in the wild, Kabayan, was released in 2004 on Mindanao; however, he was accidentally electrocuted in January 2005. Another eagle, Kagsabua, was released in March 2008, but was shot and eaten by a farmer. In June 2015, an eagle was released after being treated for a gunshot wound; two months later it was shot and killed. Killing this critically endangered species is punishable under Philippine law by 12 years in jail and heavy fines.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Its numbers have slowly dwindled over the decades to the current population of 180 to 600 eagles. A series of floods and mud slides, caused by deforestation, further devastated the remaining population. The Philippine eagle may soon no longer be found in the wild, unless direct intervention is taken. The Philippine Eagle Foundation in Davao City, is one organization dedicated to the protection and conservation of the Philippine eagle and its forest habitat. The Philippine Eagle Foundation has successfully bred Philippine eagles in captivity for over a decade and conducted the first experimental release of a captive-bred eagle to the wild. The foundation has 36 eagles at its center, of which 19 were bred in captivity, including one born in 2015, the first for two years.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Ongoing research on behavior, ecology, and population dynamics is also underway. In recent years, protected lands have been established specifically for this species, such as the of Cabuaya Forest and the of Taft Forest Wildlife Sanctuary on Samar. However, a large proportion of the population is found on unprotected land.


title: Philippine eagle

text: In June 2019, a pair of Philippine eagles were loaned to Singapore as part of conservation efforts for the species in addition to commemorating ties between the Philippines and Singapore. The move marked the initiation of the government's Philippine Eagle Diplomacy program.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle was officially declared the national bird of the Philippines on July 4, 1995, by President Fidel V. Ramos under Proclamation No. 615, series of 1995. Due to the eagle’s size and rarity, it is also a coveted species for birdwatchers.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle has been featured on at least 12 stamps from the Philippines, with dates ranging from 1967 to 2007. It was also depicted on the 50-sentimo coins minted from 1983 to 1994; in 2018, on the 500-Piso commemorative silver coin, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas; on January 18, 2021, and on the 5,000-Piso Lapulapu commemorative non-circulating banknote. On December 11, 2021, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas unveiled the design of the new 1,000-Piso polymer banknote featuring the bird as the main portrait, controversially replacing those of three World War II martyrs: Chief Justice José Abad Santos, suffragist Josefa Llanes Escoda, and General Vicente Lim.


title: Philippine eagle

text: Historically, about 50 Philippine eagles have been kept in zoos in Europe (England, Germany, Belgium, Italy and France), the United States, and Japan. The first was a female that arrived in London Zoo in August 1909 and died there in February 1910. The majority arrived in zoos between 1947 and 1965. The last outside the Philippines died in 1988 in the Antwerp Zoo, where it had lived since 1964 (except for a period at the Planckendael Zoo in Belgium). The first captive breeding was only achieved in 1992 at the facility of the Philippine Eagle Foundation in Davao City, Philippines, which has bred it several times since then.


title: Philippine eagle

text: The Philippine eagle is also used in sporting events as a mascot, most notably one in the 2005 Southeast Asian Games held in Manila known as "Gilas". The Philippine eagle is also the animal used in the Philippines men's national basketball team or Gilas Pilipinas' logo/team crest.


title: Jeff Tremaine

text: Jeffrey Tremaine (born September 4, 1966) is an American television director, television producer, film director, film producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for co-creating the reality stunt show "Jackass" with Spike Jonze and Johnny Knoxville.


title: Jeff Tremaine

text: Tremaine was born on September 4, 1966, in Durham, North Carolina. He was born to a military family that moved frequently before finally settling in Rockville, Maryland. He is the former editor of the skating culture magazine "Big Brother" and a former art director of the influential BMX magazine "GO", as well as a former professional BMX rider. He was the executive producer on the MTV reality series "Rob and Big" and the executive producer of "Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory," "Ridiculousness," "Nitro Circus," and Adult Swim's "Loiter Squad".


title: Jeff Tremaine

text: Tremaine directed and produced all the movies in the "Jackass" franchise. The third sequel to "Jackass", titled "Jackass 3D", "was" filmed in 3D starting in January 2010. The whole cast of the previous films returned.


title: Jeff Tremaine

text: After announcing that Tremaine would be directing the Mötley Crüe biopic "The Dirt", Tremaine made a public appearance at the band's final tour press conference confirming and also speaking on the film expressing his excitement, stating ""The Dirt" is a movie I've wanted to make ever since I read the book in 2002." One year later, Focus Features announced that they had picked up the film, keeping Tremaine on to continue with directing.


title: Jeff Tremaine

text: In 2015, Tremaine directed the WWE Network series "WWE Swerved". In 2010, Tremaine directed the "30 for 30" film "The Birth of Big Air" and, in 2015, directed "Angry Sky". In September 2016, Tremaine directed a new safety video for American Airlines.


title: Jeff Tremaine

text: Tremaine also directed and produced the fourth main "Jackass" movie titled "Jackass Forever", which released theatrically on February 4, 2022.


title: Jeff Tremaine

text: Tremaine went to high school and was friends with filmmaker Spike Jonze. Tremaine lives in Los Angeles with his wife, podcaster and author Laura Tremaine, and their two children.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Sandra Kay Duncan (born February 20, 1946) is an American actress, comedian, dancer and singer. She is known for her performances in the Broadway revival of "Peter Pan" and in the sitcom "The Hogan Family". Duncan has been nominated for three Tony Awards, two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Duncan was born on February 20, 1946 in New London, Texas to Sylvia and Mancil Ray Duncan, a gas-station owner. She spent her early years there before moving to Tyler, Texas when she was in third grade. She performed in her first dance recital at the age of five.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Duncan started her entertainment career at age 12, working in a local production of "The King and I" for $150 a week. In the late 1960s, she appeared in a commercial for United California Bank and in the soap opera "Search for Tomorrow" for a brief period in 1968"."


title: Sandy Duncan

text: In 1970, Duncan was named one of the "most promising faces of tomorrow" by "Time" magazine. Also that year, she starred in the Broadway revival of "The Boy Friend", for which she received favorable reviews. Duncan made her feature-film debut costarring with Dean Jones in the Walt Disney family comedy "The Million Dollar Duck". She was then cast as Amy Cooper in the Paramount film version of "Star Spangled Girl", based on the Broadway play by Neil Simon. Both films performed poorly at the box office. In autumn 1971, Duncan starred as Sandy Stockton on the CBS sitcom "Funny Face". The program was placed in the Saturday-night prime-time schedule between "All in the Family" and "The New Dick Van Dyke Show." Critics dismissed the show but praised Duncan, especially "TV Guide" columnist Cleveland Amory, who described her as "a wonderful comedienne."


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Shortly after the premiere of "Funny Face", Duncan underwent surgery to remove a benign brain tumor behind her left optic nerve. As a result, she lost vision in the eye, but it was not replaced with a prosthetic eye as some urban myths claim. She lost vision in her left eye, but because the eye still tracked with her right eye, Duncan and her doctors elected to leave her natural eye in place. Though Duncan's recovery from the operation was rapid, CBS suspended production on "Funny Face" until the following year after the 12th installment had been filmed; the original series pilot served as the 13th (and final) episode. At first, Nielsen ratings for "Funny Face" were low, ranking in the lower 50s, but they eventually climbed to #17, and the show was called the best-liked new show of that television season. Duncan was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series. In September 1972, "Funny Face" returned as "The Sandy Duncan Show", with a revised format, new writers and a new time slot, Sundays at 8:30 p.m. Critical reaction to the show was similar to that for "Funny Face", but without the strong Saturday night lead-in of "All in the Family", the ratings sank. After 13 episodes, CBS canceled the series.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: In 1976, Duncan played the title role in a television musical adaptation of "Pinocchio" that featured Danny Kaye as Geppetto and Flip Wilson as the Fox. She also guest-starred in a first-season episode of "The Muppet Show". For her performance as Missy Anne Reynolds in the miniseries "Roots", she earned another Emmy nomination.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Duncan then returned to the Broadway stage for many years. In 1979, her run as the title role in "Peter Pan" won her many accolades. She also had replacement roles in "My One and Only" and "Chicago". She was nominated for a Tony Award three times: in 1969, for Featured Actress (Musical) for "Canterbury Tales," in 1971, as Best Actress (Musical) for "The Boy Friend" and in 1980, as Best Actress (Musical) for "Peter Pan."


title: Sandy Duncan

text: In 1972, an animated version of Duncan (who contributed her own voice) appeared in the "Sandy Duncan's Jekyll and Hyde" episode of the CBS Saturday-morning cartoon "The New Scooby-Doo Movies"; forty-eight years later, she would reprise her guest star appearance in "The Dreaded Remake of Jekyll & Hyde!" episode of "Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?". In 1976, she guest-starred on "The Six Million Dollar Man" and "The Bionic Woman" playing the role of Gillian in "The Return of Bigfoot" episodes.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: In 1978, Duncan starred in Disney's "The Cat from Outer Space" along with Ken Berry, Harry Morgan and Roddy McDowall. From the mid-1970s through the 1980s, Duncan was the commercial spokesperson for Nabisco's Wheat Thins crackers.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: In 1981, Duncan voiced Vixey in "The Fox and the Hound". In 1984, she starred in a song and dance revue titled "5-6-7-8...Dance!" at Radio City Music Hall and provided voice work for the "My Little Pony" television special "Rescue at Midnight Castle" as Firefly and Applejack. From 1986 to 1987, she reprised her role as Firefly in the "My Little Pony 'n Friends" series. In 1987, she joined the cast of NBC's "Valerie's Family" (previously known as "Valerie", later to be retitled "The Hogan Family") after Valerie Harper was dismissed. Duncan starred as the matriarch's sister-in-law Sandy Hogan, who moves in with her brother Mike (Josh Taylor) and his three sons to help raise the family after Valerie Hogan's death. Duncan remained with the series through its cancellation in 1991. In 1988, she worked on the first three "Barney and the Backyard Gang" children's videos. Duncan was asked to take part in the "Barney & Friends" television series, but declined the offer. In 1991, she voiced Peepers the mouse in the Don Bluth film "Rock-a-Doodle." In 1994, she voiced Queen Uberta in the Richard Rich film "The Swan Princess."


title: Sandy Duncan

text: In 2003, Duncan appeared in the rotating cast of the Off-Broadway staged reading of "Wit & Wisdom". In May 2008, she performed one of the lead roles in the musical "No, No, Nanette", a production of the City Center's annual "Encores!" series. In April 2009, she performed the lead role in the play "Driving Miss Daisy" at Casa Mañana Theatre in Fort Worth, Texas. In September 2009, she played the lead role in Tennessee Williams' play "The Glass Menagerie" at the Mountain Playhouse in Jennerstown, Pennsylvania. She has also participated in many traveling stage productions, including "The King and I."


title: Sandy Duncan

text: On February 12, 2016, Duncan took the role of Madame du Maurier in the Broadway production of "Finding Neverland". On February 17, the show's producers announced that she would take a temporary leave of absence because of family obligations.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Duncan met singer-actor Bruce Scott (born Bruce Scott Zaharaides) during the Off-Broadway production of "Your Own Thing", and they were married in September 1968. Their divorce, finalized in October 1972, was caused by tensions resulting from Duncan's success and rise to stardom. Duncan told "People" magazine in 1979 that "It was very threatening to Bruce."


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Her second marriage was to Dr. Thomas Calcaterra on January 10, 1973; it lasted until 1979. Duncan met Calcaterra when he was a consulting surgeon for her brain-tumor surgery. This marriage also failed, according to Duncan, because of the demands of her 1978 nightclub act and her refusal to remain at home to be a good "doctor's wife."


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Since July 21, 1980, Duncan has been married to Don Correia. They have two sons, born in 1982 and 1984. She and her husband, who performed together on stage before they wed, live in Connecticut.


title: Sandy Duncan

text: Taylorville, Illinois (near Springfield) named a street in her honor, Sandy Duncan Drive. Her character in "Funny Face" and "The Sandy Duncan Show", Sandy Stockton, is from Taylorville.


title: Katrina Kaif filmography

text: Katrina Kaif is a British-born Indian actress who predominantly appears in Bollywood films. She made her film debut in the 2003 heist film "Boom", a box office bomb. She then played the titular princess in the Telugu film "Malliswari" (2004). Kaif had her first success in Bollywood when she appeared opposite Salman Khan in David Dhawan's romantic comedy "Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?". The 2006 musical romance "Humko Deewana Kar Gaye" saw Kaif pair opposite Akshay Kumar for the first of many films, though the film was a critical and financial failure.


title: Katrina Kaif filmography

text: Beginning with "Namastey London", the year 2007 marked a turning point in her career when all four releases proved to be successful at the box-office. Among these were two of the highest grossing productions of the year the comedies "Partner" and "Welcome". The following year, Kaif appeared in three films including the action comedy "Singh Is Kinng". In 2009, Kaif received a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in Kabir Khan's terrorism drama "New York". Later that year, she starred opposite Ranbir Kapoor in the comedy "Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani". In 2010, Kaif portrayed the role of a politician in Prakash Jha's political thriller "Raajneeti" and an aspiring actress in "Tees Maar Khan". While the former was a box-office hit, the latter was a critical and commercial failure. Kaif starred alongside an ensemble cast in Zoya Akhtar's comedy drama "Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara" (2011). She received her second Filmfare Award nomination for Best Actress for her portrayal of a runaway bride in the romantic comedy "Mere Brother Ki Dulhan" (2011).


title: Katrina Kaif filmography

text: In 2012, Kaif played the role of a Pakistani spy in "Ek Tha Tiger", which became the highest-grossing Bollywood film of the year. The same year, she starred alongside Shah Rukh Khan and Anushka Sharma in "Jab Tak Hai Jaan", a romance by Yash Chopra. Kaif played a brief role in the 2013 action film "Dhoom 3". With a worldwide revenue of , "Dhoom 3" went on to become the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time at the time of its release. Kaif played Hrithik Roshan's love interest in the 2014 action comedy "Bang Bang!", which was followed by several commercially failed films in the next three years. Her first success in these years came with the sequel "Tiger Zinda Hai" (2017), which earned over . In 2018, Kaif featured in two most expensive Indian films of all time—the action adventure "Thugs of Hindostan" and the romantic comedy "Zero", both of which were commercial failures. However, her performance in the latter was critically praised, earning Kaif the award for the Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Female and a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her next releases, the period drama "Bharat" (2019) and the action film "Sooryavanshi", were both commercially successful.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Jakob Stam (; born 17 July 1972) is a Dutch professional football coach and former player. As a player, he played as a centre-back and is regarded as one of the best defenders of his generation.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam played for several European clubs including PSV Eindhoven, Manchester United, Lazio, Milan and Ajax before retiring in October 2007. As well as club trophies, he won several personal awards, including being voted the best defender in the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League, as well as being included in three consecutive PFA Team of the Year sides from 1999 to 2001. Stam played 67 international matches for the Netherlands, scoring three goals. He was in their squads for three UEFA European Championships and the 1998 FIFA World Cup.


title: Jaap Stam

text: After retiring as a player, Stam worked as a coach at PEC Zwolle and Ajax before making his managerial debut with Reading in 2016. He later managed Feyenoord in 2019 and FC Cincinnati of Major League Soccer.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Born in Kampen, Overijssel, Stam started his career with local amateur football club DOS Kampen. On 15 August 1992, Stam made his professional debut for FC Zwolle in a 1–1 draw against SC Heracles in the Eerste Divisie. He became a first team regular right away and moved to Eredivisie club Cambuur Leeuwarden for the following season, but relegated in his first season which brought him back into the Eerste Divisie. Two seasons at Cambuur earned him a transfer to Eredivisie club Willem II. At Willem II, he immediately impressed at the Eredivisie level, which meant his final breakthrough. A shock 1–0 home victory over Ajax led to Stam's transfer to PSV Eindhoven in the same season in which they eventually won the KNVB Cup, his first professional trophy.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam was a key player for PSV in the 1996–97 season, as the team won the Eredivisie league championship and the Johan Cruyff Shield. Individually, Stam won the VVCS Footballer of the Year award.


title: Jaap Stam

text: In 1998, Stam became the then most expensive defender in history when Manchester United bought him for £10.6 million.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam spent three seasons at Manchester United, during which time United won three Premier League titles, one FA Cup, the Intercontinental Cup and the UEFA Champions League. He scored his only goal for the club in a 6–2 away victory against Leicester City.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Early in the 2001–02 season, Stam was controversially sold to Lazio in Italy after Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson was reportedly upset by allegations Stam had made in his autobiography "Head to Head" about the club. Stam made numerous statements in the book about his views on opposing players, and alleged that Ferguson's approach to buy him was done without the permission of PSV. Later, Simon Kuper reported that contrary to initial belief, Ferguson had noticed that Stam's tackling numbers were declining and simply assumed the defender was past his playing peak. Laurent Blanc was signed as his replacement.


title: Jaap Stam

text: In 2007, however, Ferguson described the decision to sell Stam as an error: "At the time he had just come back from an achilles injury and we thought he had just lost a little bit. We got the offer from Lazio, £16.5m for a centre back who was 29. It was an offer I couldn't refuse. But in playing terms it was a mistake. He is still playing for Ajax at a really good level." On the financial report, Manchester United announced the fee was £15.3 million; Lazio declared the fee was £16 million.


title: Jaap Stam

text: During his time with Lazio, Stam was found guilty of having the banned steroid nandrolone in his system following a Serie A game, and received a five-month ban, which was eventually reduced by a month after appeals. He was the second Lazio player suspended in 2001, after Fernando Couto.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam joined Milan after UEFA Euro 2004. He reached his second Champions League final with the "Rossoneri" in 2005, but was a runner-up after his team was defeated by Liverpool in a penalty shoot-out.


title: Jaap Stam

text: On 30 January 2006, it was announced that he would return to the Eredivisie and play for Ajax, where he signed a two-year contract for a €2.5 million transfer fee. Stam was named team captain upon his arrival at the club. In his first season, he won both the Johan Cruyff Shield and the KNVB Cup; another Johan Cruyff Shield was added to his trophies at the start of the 2007–08 season.


title: Jaap Stam

text: On 29 October 2007, Stam announced his retirement from professional football with immediate effect after playing six league games for Ajax in the 2007–08 league season. His final game was in a 0–0 draw against NEC on 20 October 2007.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam made his debut for the Netherlands on 24 April 1996 in a 1–0 friendly defeat to Germany in Rotterdam. He was not initially chosen for UEFA Euro 1996, but was later added to the squad after an injury ruled out Frank de Boer; he did not however make any appearances at the tournament. He scored his first goal on 6 September 1997 in a 3–1 home win over rivals Belgium in World Cup qualification. He was also an important player in the Dutch team that finished fourth in the 1998 FIFA World Cup.


title: Jaap Stam

text: During UEFA Euro 2000, he once again reached the semi-finals with the Dutch team, hosted in his home country and Belgium. Stam missed his attempt in the penalty shoot-out in the semi-finals, hitting the ball over the bar in a defeat against Italy. He was not originally scheduled to take a penalty, but had to due to substitutions and fatigue among his teammates.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam reached his third semi-finals in an international competition with his nation at UEFA Euro 2004 in Portugal and retired from international football after the tournament. The reason cited for his international retirement was that he wanted to focus on his new team, Milan, as well as his family.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Considered by several pundits to be one of the best defenders of his generation, as well as one of the greatest Dutch and Premier League defenders in history, Stam played primarily as a centre-back. He was known for possessing "a rare combination of speed, strength and ball-playing ability", as well as an excellent positional sense, and a powerful shot. Due to his wide range of skills, in his prime he was also capable of playing as a full-back on the right flank.


title: Jaap Stam

text: In October 2008, Stam returned to Manchester United as a scout for the club, responsible for most of South America.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam has been involved with Soccer Aid, which puts celebrities and football legends together in two teams (England and Rest of the World) for a charity game in aid of UNICEF. Stam has appeared in five Soccer Aid matches 2008, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018.


title: Jaap Stam

text: In 2009, Stam became an assistant coach for PEC Zwolle, and on 30 October was appointed caretaker manager. Following his stint with Zwolle, Stam penned a three-year contract with Ajax in 2013 as an assistant coach, and as defensive coach starting in the 2013–14 Eredivisie season. On 28 May 2014, Stam was revealed as one of the new managers of Jong Ajax, the reserve team in the Eerste Divisie. He was joined by Andries Ulderink and they signed a contract beginning on 1 July 2014 and lasting until 30 June 2016.


title: Jaap Stam

text: On 13 June 2016, Stam was appointed as manager of English Championship club Reading on an initial two-year contract. He enjoyed a successful first season with the club, leading them to the Championship play-offs. On 4 July 2017, Stam signed a new two-year contract extension with Reading, keeping him at the club until 2019. On 21 March 2018, Reading announced that Stam had left the club with immediate effect following a run of one win in 18 league matches left the team 20th in the league table.


title: Jaap Stam

text: On 28 December 2018, Stam was appointed as the new manager of Eredivisie club PEC Zwolle on a year-and-a-half contract.


title: Jaap Stam

text: On 6 March 2019, Feyenoord announced that Stam would succeed Giovanni van Bronckhorst as Feyenoord's new manager. He signed a two-year contract, effective 1 June 2019. Following a 0–4 defeat to Ajax, Stam resigned on 28 October 2019, saying "I've thought about this for a long time. My final conclusion is that it's better for the club, the players and myself if I step aside."


title: Jaap Stam

text: On 21 May 2020, Major League Soccer club FC Cincinnati announced that Stam would succeed interim manager Yoann Damet. He signed a year-and-a-half contract. On 15 July, he won 1–0 on his debut against an Atlanta United FC side managed by his former international teammate Frank de Boer.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam was dismissed on 27 September 2021, with Cincinnati second-from-bottom in the Eastern Conference having won four of 25 games.


title: Jaap Stam

text: Stam is a Protestant. He met his wife Ellis when he was 16, and they have two daughters and twin sons. His first daughter's birth was induced two weeks early, to come between the 1998 World Cup and pre-season training for Manchester United. When he played for Manchester United, he lived in Wilmslow in Cheshire.


title: Jaap Stam

text: <nowiki>*</nowiki>Some of Stam's record comes from the "MLS is Back" tournament. However, the tournament is essentially the MLS 2020 season.


title: Cailee Spaeny

text: Cailee Spaeny (; born July 24, 1997) is an American actress. Her first major role was in the science fiction action film "Pacific Rim Uprising" (2018), which was followed by appearances in "Bad Times at the El Royale", "On the Basis of Sex", and "Vice" the same year. She also portrayed the lead of the supernatural horror film "" (2020). On television, Spaeny was a series regular on the FX science fiction thriller "Devs" (2020) and the HBO crime drama "Mare of Easttown" (2021).


title: Cailee Spaeny

text: Spaeny was born in Springfield, Missouri. Growing up, she spent a large amount of time in the Springfield Little Theatre group, in concert with which she participated in many plays. In the 2014–2015 season, she landed the lead role of Dorothy in "The Wizard of Oz".


title: Cailee Spaeny

text: Her debut film role was as Erica in the 2016 short film "Counting to 1000". In 2018, she played several major film roles, starring in Steven S. DeKnight's science fiction monster adventure "Pacific Rim Uprising", alongside John Boyega and Scott Eastwood; Drew Goddard's thriller "Bad Times at the El Royale"; and the biographical dramas "On the Basis of Sex" and "Vice".


title: Cailee Spaeny

text: She next appeared in the main cast of the FX miniseries "Devs" and starred in the film "", both in 2020.


title: Cailee Spaeny

text: In 2021, she appeared in the HBO limited series "Mare of Easttown", a murder mystery, starring Kate Winslet. In September 2022, Spaeny was cast as Priscilla Presley in Sofia Coppola's upcoming film "Priscilla" alongside Jacob Elordi as Elvis Presley. She was also a top choice to star in a new "Alien" film for 20th Century Studios.


title: Jade Goody

text: Jade Cerisa Lorraine Goody (5 June 1981 – 22 March 2009) was an English television personality. She came to public prominence in 2002 when she appeared on the third series of the Channel 4 reality show "Big Brother". She went on to star in her own television programmes after her eviction from the show, which in turn led to her launching a variety of products under her own name. Immediately criticised by the British press for her perceived lack of decorum and intelligence, Goody was dubbed by multiple outlets as "the most hated woman in Britain". The country's celebrity magazines were less derisive, publishing reports of her affable nature and competent school performance from those who knew her.


title: Jade Goody

text: Public opinion of Goody reached its most negative in January 2007, when she was involved in the Big Brother racism controversy while appearing as a housemate on "Celebrity Big Brother 5". Following her eviction, Goody made a number of apologies, but continued to garner negative public reactions. In August 2008, she participated in "Bigg Boss", the Indian version of "Big Brother", but left the show early and returned to the UK after finding out that she had cervical cancer. By February 2009, the cancer had metastasized and she was terminally ill. She married fellow "Celebrity Big Brother" contestant Jack Tweed on 22 February 2009 and died one month later, in the early hours of 22 March 2009, at age 27.


title: Jade Goody

text: Public opinion of Goody had softened by the time of her death. Sky Living broadcast five tribute shows from 2009 to 2012, documenting her life from early childhood through her rise to fame and her final months. The last episode of "Big Brother" on Channel 4 featured a 15-minute tribute to Goody, praising her as the ultimate "Big Brother" contestant. She was one of several people to appear on the front cover of the final edition of "News of the World" on 10 July 2011.


title: Jade Goody

text: Jade Cerisa Lorraine Goody was born in the Bermondsey district of London on 5 June 1981, the daughter of English mother Jackiey Budden (born 1957) and English-Jamaican father Andrew Goody (1963–2005). Her paternal grandfather, Winston Coyne, was from the West Indies and emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1956. Supporters of the far-right National Front (NF) verbally abused Goody's father. Her mother was a drug addict and her father was a pimp. Goody's father suffered from substance dependence and had a criminal history, including a four-year term for robbery. He and Budden separated when Goody was two; estranged from his daughter while Budden raised her, he died of a drug overdose in Bournemouth in August 2005. At the age of five, Goody made an uncredited appearance as a primary school student in the 1986 television film "London's Burning", which later spawned the television series of the same name. Before entering the "Big Brother" house, Goody worked as a dental nurse and lived in Upshire, Essex, where she was still living when she died.


title: Jade Goody

text: When Goody appeared on "Big Brother 3", she was ridiculed by the British tabloid press for her lack of general knowledge. She thought the English city of Cambridge was in London; when told that it was in East Anglia, she assumed East Anglia was outside Britain and referred to it as "East Angula". She was also criticised by the tabloid press during her time in the "Big Brother" house for backstabbing and an evening when she cavorted drunk and naked.


title: Jade Goody

text: Goody appeared in her own reality TV shows and, regularly, in celebrity, trivia and gossip-oriented women's magazines such as "Heat" and "OK!". She participated in the 2006 London Marathon but did not finish (collapsing after of the course), and recovered overnight at the Royal London Hospital. Before the marathon, Goody described her preparations to TV chef Gordon Ramsay: "I've been eating curry, Chinese and drinking." She said afterwards, "I don't really understand miles. I didn't actually know how far it was going to be ... I didn't want to let everyone down." Goody raised £565.20 for her chosen charity, the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.


title: Jade Goody

text: On 16 February 2004, Goody entered the "Back to Reality" house on Channel 5. The series, similar to "Big Brother", featured contestants from other reality shows such as "Big Brother" and "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!". She was evicted on day 20.


title: Jade Goody

text: In 2005 Goody created and introduced her own fragrance (Shh...) with distributor Jigsaw ESL, who gave its exclusive rights to Superdrug. Shh... became Superdrug's third-bestselling fragrance, behind Kylie Minogue's and Victoria Beckham's. On 2 May 2006, "" was published. That same year she won a celebrity edition of the ITV singing game show "Stars in Their Eyes" as Lynn Anderson performing "Rose Garden".


title: Jade Goody

text: On 5 January 2007 Goody, her boyfriend Jack Tweed and her mother entered the house for "Celebrity Big Brother 5". She had just placed 25th in a "Heat" poll of the world's most influential people, with lifetime earnings of £8 million. A number of complaints were received by British broadcasting regulator Ofcom about the behaviour of Jo O'Meara, Danielle Lloyd and Goody towards housemate Shilpa Shetty. By 20 January Ofcom received more than 44,500 complaints from the public (a record at the time), and Channel 4 received an additional 3,000 complaints.


title: Jade Goody

text: Among Goody's remarks were, "I've seen how she goes in and out of people's arseholes" and Shetty "makes [her] skin crawl". She also called Shetty "Shilpa Fuckawalla" and "Shilpa Poppadom". Other, unbroadcast incidents of racism were later alleged, including a late-night limerick game between O'Meara, Lloyd, Goody and Tweed in which the word "Paki" was implied but not said. Goody allegedly wondered aloud if Lloyd used "the P-word", and referred to Shetty as "Shilpa Pashwa whoever you fucking are".


title: Jade Goody

text: The incident triggered an international outcry, receiving extensive coverage in the Indian media (where Gordon Brown, then British Chancellor of the Exchequer, was visiting at the time). Brown condemned the programme for damaging the impression of Britain as a country of tolerance. In a 17 January statement, Channel 4 defended the programme against charges "of overt racism or racial abuse".


title: Jade Goody

text: Goody was evicted from the "Big Brother" house on 19 January 2007, receiving 82 per cent of the vote when she was up against Shetty. Channel 4 prevented crowds from gathering outside the house, and cancelled her scheduled press conference. In an interview with Davina McCall shortly afterwards, Goody said she was "disgusted with [her]self" after seeing a video of the alleged bullying. Her much-publicised return to the Big Brother house was called "a terrible decision" by publicist Max Clifford: "It looks like she has ruined a very lucrative career". At this time Goody was a supporter of the anti-bullying charity Act Against Bullying, which dropped her. In an interview with the "Daily Star", Goody said that her abuse of Shetty ruined her girl-next-door image.


title: Jade Goody

text: Although Shetty did not lodge an official complaint about racist behaviour with "Big Brother", her allegations compelled police to investigate the possible classification of her treatment as "racial hatred" under Part III of the Public Order Act 1986. In a statement, the Hertfordshire police said that it was "investigating allegations of racist behaviour in the "Big Brother" house and will be conducting enquiries, including a review of the tapes. We will continue to liaise with Ofcom and with Endemol, whom we have strongly encouraged to ensure that any form of behaviour that could raise similar concerns, does not occur. We will continue to closely monitor the situation over the next few days. Hertfordshire Constabulary will not tolerate racism in any form and is taking these allegations seriously. The constabulary has experience of investigating and resolving incidents in the "Big Brother" house in past seasons".


title: Jade Goody

text: According to a Channel 4 spokeswoman, "Big Brother" intervened so the contestants would "realise that what they have said has been misconstrued in the house". The idea, she said, was to allow the housemates "to explain themselves" to their fellow contestants. This was followed by a series of apologies to Shetty from the housemates, and her belief that Goody was not a racist: "I don't feel there was any racial discrimination happening from Jade's end ... I think that there are a lot of insecurities from her end but it's definitely not racial". However, Shetty was unaware of all the alleged insults (often made behind her back). Channel 4 was rebuked by Ofcom, which received more than 54,000 complaints, for its handling of the scandal.


title: Jade Goody

text: Goody initially denied that her comments were racist: "She is Indian, thinking of an Indian name and only thing I could think of was Indian food. Wasn't racial at all. It was not to offend any Indian out there." On a later trip to India she apologised for her behaviour, admitting that her remarks to Shetty could be seen as racist. In a video on the BBC News website, Goody said, "I know that things that I don't think are necessarily racist ... could be ... And I am sincerely sorry for the pain and hurt I've caused to Shilpa's family. I am wrong ... I am wrong and I know that my words and my actions were wrong and I'm not trying to justify that in any way – I am wrong, and the people who have complained are not wrong. They're just insulted by me and I completely take that criticism."


title: Jade Goody

text: Goody said in April 2008 that she planned to introduce her second fragrance line, Controversial. In mid-2008, she appeared on "Bigg Boss 2", the Indian version of "Big Brother", at a rumoured salary of £100,000. Goody entered the house on 17 August, saying in her opening videotape that the incident with Shetty was "in the past" and she was "not proud of it". Two days into the show she was diagnosed with cervical cancer and immediately withdrew, flying home to England. Scenes of Goody learning of her diagnosis were not broadcast in India.


title: Jade Goody

text: A reality-television documentary, "Living With Jade Goody", was shown in September 2008 as part of the "Living With..." series on Living TV. In October she opened her second beauty salon, "Homme Fatel" (for men), and her second autobiography ("Jade: Catch A Falling Star", covering her time on "Celebrity Big Brother 5") was published by John Blake Publishing. A documentary film, "Jade's Cancer Battle", was aired on 11 December with further shows planned if Goody could participate. At the end of 2008 she played the Wicked Queen in a Christmas pantomime version of "Snow White" at the Theatre Royal, Lincoln to critical praise, but withdrew from the production in January 2009 for health reasons.


title: Jade Goody

text: Goody had two sons during her 2002 to 2004 relationship with television presenter Jeff Brazier; Bobby, who was born in June 2003 and Freddy, who was born in September 2004. In 2006, she began a relationship with Jack Tweed, who appeared with her on "Celebrity Big Brother". In June 2007, she had a miscarriage. After allegations of Tweed's infidelity they broke up, later reconciling. Tweed lived with Goody and her children in Buckhurst Hill, Essex, until his imprisonment for a December 2006 assault on a 16-year-old boy. He served four months of an 18-month sentence before his release on 27 January 2009, with electronic monitoring and a curfew. Goody and Tweed exchanged rings on 15 February in a private, informal ceremony on the banks of the River Thames, and they married on 22 February at Down Hall country house. Goody wore a £3,500 Manuel Mota dress, a gift from Harrods owner Mohamed Al-Fayed. The couple signed an exclusive £700,000 deal with "OK!" magazine for photographs of the ceremony, and Tweed was exempted from his curfew for 22 and 23 February.


title: Jade Goody

text: Goody had a number of health scares during the 2000s. In 2002 (shortly before her "Big Brother 3" appearance) a cervical smear test revealed abnormal cells, a possible indicator of cancer. She was tested for iridocyclitis in 2004 and bowel cancer in 2006, with negative results for each. Goody had hospital tests in early August 2008, after her fourth cancer scare; she had collapsed four times. On 19 August, while she was on the Indian reality show "Bigg Boss", Goody was told that test results confirmed cervical cancer. According to her spokesperson, "It looks like her cancer is at an early stage but we will have to wait until she gets back to Britain and sees a specialist and has more tests".


title: Jade Goody

text: On 1 September 2008, it was reported that Goody's cancer was "advanced and life-threatening" and she would have surgery followed by chemotherapy. Doctors gave her a 65 per cent chance of survival. Further tests and a radical hysterectomy "went well", according to her publicist, and Goody began chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In an interview with Irish broadcaster RTÉ, Goody said she had begun planning her funeral, was losing her hair and had decided not to explain her illness to her children, aged 4 and 5 at the time.


title: Jade Goody

text: On 4 February 2009, Goody's publicist, Max Clifford, confirmed that her cancer had spread to her liver, bowel and groin. A previous 40 per cent chance of survival was withdrawn, and she began treatment to prolong her life. On 7 February, Clifford reported that Goody had emergency surgery in London to remove a tumour on her bowel.


title: Jade Goody

text: On 14 February, Clifford confirmed media reports that doctors at the Royal Marsden Hospital in London had classified her cancer as terminal; she could die within weeks, and at best was unlikely to survive more than a few months: "She was informed yesterday that tragically, she's terminally ill. She was obviously devastated." Goody then began drawing up a will and planning for the care of her two sons.


title: Jade Goody

text: On 5 March in the Royal Marsden Hospital, Goody asked to be baptised; two days later, she and her sons were christened. Clifford confirmed that this was her last public appearance, and she had already said her goodbyes to her family: "We're hoping and praying that Jade pulls through, but the fact of the matter is that she now only has a short time to live." He confirmed that during the next 24 hours her doctors could assess how long Goody had to live, but she had a very short time left in any case. Jack Tweed was allowed to extend his curfew, spending a last night with his wife before she said goodbye to the rest of her family.


title: Jade Goody

text: When the news spread that Goody's cancer was terminal, medical authorities in the UK began reporting a surge in requests from women (particularly younger women) for cervical-cancer screening. This reversed a trend which had seen demand for screening decline over the past decade, with the greatest decline among women aged 25–29.


title: Jade Goody

text: As a result of the publicity surrounding Goody's illness, on 13 March 2009 government health ministers agreed to review the National Health Service policy not to screen for cervical cancer until age 25 in England (age 20 in the rest of the UK). That day, she issued a press release that she was "immensely proud" to have prompted the review.


title: Jade Goody

text: Goody died in her sleep at her home in Upshire, Essex in the early hours of 22 March 2009, at the age of 27. Her reported time of death varies by source. Her mother, husband, and family friend Kevin Adams were at her bedside when she died. Her funeral service took place at noon on 4 April at St John's Anglican Church in Buckhurst Hill, Essex, and she was buried in her wedding dress later that day near her home in Epping Forest. The funeral cortège included a Bentley. Her sons did not attend the funeral. Thousands of mourners followed the funeral service on large screens outside the church. It was broadcast live on Sky News, which followed the service from outside since Goody had wanted a private ceremony for friends and family.


title: Jade Goody

text: Goody's death was widely covered by the British media, and the BBC was criticised for its extensive coverage of her illness. She received tributes from many different areas of society. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said that she was "a courageous woman both in life and death and the whole country has admired her determination to provide a bright future for her children". From 2009 to 2012, Sky Living aired five tributes to Goody, documenting her early life, fame, and final months. The final episode of "Big Brother" on Channel 4 featured a 15-minute tribute, praising her as the ultimate "Big Brother" contestant.


title: Jade Goody

text: In April 2009 Digital Spy called Goody the "ultimate reality TV star", and plans were announced for "Jade the Musical". That month Michael Parkinson wrote that Goody had become media property "to be manipulated and exploited till the day she died", representing "all that is paltry and wretched about Britain". On 29 December 2009 "The Independent" reported that, according to an online tribute site, Goody was the most-mourned celebrity of 2009 and received over 600 tributes, which was more than Patrick Swayze, Farrah Fawcett and Michael Jackson who had all died that year too. The premiere of "Big Brother 10" was dedicated to her memory, and a tribute was shown on the last episode of "Ultimate Big Brother".


title: Jade Goody

text: A show aired from 7 to 21 August 2019 documenting her life from her rise to fame to her death featuring never before seen footage and contributors to the programme who had never discussed Jade publicly since her death including Davina McCall, Dermot O'Leary and her ex-partner and father of her children, Jeff Brazier.


title: Jade Goody

text: In October 2009 it was reported that the number of women between 25 and 64 having pap testing the United Kingdom had grown by 12 per cent during the previous year, an increase (after year-to-year declines since 2002) credited to Goody's public battle with cervical cancer. Sky News health correspondent Thomas Moore said:


title: Jade Goody

text: According to Health Secretary Andy Burnham, "Jade's bravery and openness in her fight against cervical cancer has brought home to young women across the country the importance of regularly going for these checks." Gordon Brown said, "Her family can be extremely proud of the work she has done to raise awareness of cervical cancer which will benefit thousands of women across the UK."