title: Benjamin Pavard

text: In 2018–19, Pavard was again a regular as Stuttgart fought relegation all season, which was confirmed with defeat to 1. FC Union Berlin in a playoff.


title: Benjamin Pavard

text: On 9 January 2019, Bayern Munich confirmed Pavard would join the club for the 2019–20 season, signing a five-year contract lasting until 30 June 2024.


title: Benjamin Pavard

text: He made his competitive debut on 3 August in a 2–0 defeat in the 2019 DFL-Supercup against Borussia Dortmund, as an 80th-minute substitute for Thiago Alcântara. On 31 August, he scored his first goal for the club to equalise in a 6–1 home win over Mainz 05. On 11 February 2021, Pavard scored Bayern's only goal in a 1–0 win against Tigres UANL in the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup Final, as the club won its sixth trophy in a year.


title: Benjamin Pavard

text: On 26 October 2022, he scored his first Champions League goal in a 3–0 away win against Barcelona. A week later, he scored a goal in a 2–0 victory against Inter Milan, in which Bayern Munich finished top of their Group C with six wins out of six matches for the second consecutive season.


title: Benjamin Pavard

text: On 6 November 2017, Pavard was selected by France's head coach Didier Deschamps for the friendly matches against Wales and Germany. He made his debut against the Welsh on 10 November in a 2–0 win at the Stade de France, replacing Christophe Jallet at half time.


title: Benjamin Pavard

text: On 17 May 2018, he was called up to the 23-man French squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. On 16 June, Pavard made his World Cup debut in a 2–1 victory over Australia. On 30 June, Pavard scored his first international goal, a half-volley from outside the penalty area, in a 4–3 victory over Argentina in the World Cup's round of 16. The goal was later voted as goal of the tournament and nominated for the Puskas Award of the year. He also became the first French defender to score a goal in the World Cup since Lilian Thuram scored against Croatia in the 1998 semi-final. Pavard won the World Cup, after starting all of France's games except for their last group match against Denmark.


title: Benjamin Pavard

text: At UEFA Euro 2020, Pavard suffered a head injury in France's opening 1–0 win over Germany, but continued playing. He said after the game that he felt "a little knocked out for 10 to 15 seconds". This appeared to break UEFA's protocol that a player showing signs of concussion should be withdrawn from the match, whether or not he or the manager agreed with it. After analysing reports by the French team's doctors, UEFA concluded that Pavard never lost consciousness and it was right for him to play on.


title: Benjamin Pavard

text: On 9 November 2022, he was called up to the 25-man French squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Paul Caiafa (born September 15, 1964), known professionally as Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein, is an American guitarist best known for his material with the horror punk band the Misfits and his own band eponymously named Doyle.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Raised in Lodi, New Jersey, he started attending Lodi High School two years following his brother Jerry's graduation. He played on the school's football team for all four years and graduated in 1982.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Doyle, the younger brother of the Misfits bassist, Jerry Only, was originally a roadie for the band and was taught how to play guitar by lead vocalist Glenn Danzig and Jerry. He joined the Misfits in October 1980 at the age of 16. Doyle was the band's third guitarist, replacing Bobby Steele after Steele failed to show up to a recording session. Jerry and Doyle financed the band by working at their father's machine shop.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: In 1987, four years after the dissolution of the Misfits, Doyle and Jerry formed the metal band Kryst The Conqueror with drummer The Murp. Select songs from the album were released by Jerry Only's record label "Cyclopian Music" as an EP, and featured guest guitarist Dave "The Snake" Sabo of the rock band Skid Row.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: In 1995 Jerry Only settled a legal battle out of court with co-founder Glenn Danzig, effectively allowing him rights to the band's name on a performing level.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Doyle and Jerry reformed the Misfits in 1995, with Jerry acting as the band's figurehead and with Michale Graves as vocalist and Dr. Chud as drummer. The group released two full-length albums of new material.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: In 2005, Doyle left New Jersey for Las Vegas and began auditioning members for his own band, Gorgeous Frankenstein.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: The same year, he appeared on stage with Danzig numerous times throughout Danzig's Blackest of the Black tour. They would meet again in 2007, when Gorgeous Frankenstein played their first tour, opening for Danzig. This line up included Argyle Goolsby of Blitzkid, Dr. Chud and Gorgeous George. Doyle has since joined them on several occasions to play 30-minute-long sets of classic Misfits songs.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: During the latter quarter of 2011, former vocalist Danzig and guitarist Doyle performed Misfits songs on four occasions as part of the "Danzig Legacy" tour. The first of the four shows, which took place on October 7 in Chicago as one of the headlining acts at Riot Fest, saw a sold-out crowd of 5,000+. The last true "Legacy" show took place on Halloween at the Gibson Amphitheater in Los Angeles with an over sold crowd of 7,000+.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: In 2012, "Danzig and Doyle" headlined several worldwide Festivals and did around 70+ shows together. Danzig would play his set before Doyle would join him onstage to perform a set of Misfits songs.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: The year 2013 saw the inception of Doyle's solo effort, eponymously named "Doyle". The band features Alex Story of Cancerslug on vocals, Dr. Chud of the second-era Misfits on drums, and "Left Hand" Graham on bass.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: The debut album, "Abominator", was released digitally through INgrooves/Fontana Distribution on July 30, 2013, through iTunes, Google Play, and other streaming services like Deezer. It was distributed by Altavoz (USA), Nippon Columbia (Japan) and Cargo Records (Europe).


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: The album was independently produced and released by Doyle's own Monsterman Records. The official CD release was in October 2013 in major retailers such as Best Buy and FYE. There is an "advance copy" that was sold at shows on the Danzig "Legacy Tour", as well as from Doyle's official website. This pre-released advance is lacking a 13th track, released on the final cut, entitled "Drawing Down The Moon".


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: In May 2014, Doyle announced he was teaming up with Alan Robert, bassist of Life of Agony, for a special Halloween 2014 issue of Robert's award-winning "Killogy" comic series. Robert said that this was a continuation of his original Killogy comic series but issue will surround Doyle's character. The issue will be published by IDW Publishing.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Doyle set out on the 2015 "Abominator Tour" in March, hitting the road as an opening act for Mushroomhead through April, with headlining dates continuing after into May. Dr. Chud left the band shortly before the band's first tour "Annihilate America" in 2014, and was replaced by Anthony "Tiny" Biuso midway through the 2015 tour. Shortly after, "Tiny" stated that he would no longer be playing with the band and would not continue on the remainder of the tour. A replacement was found immediately: Brandon Pertzborn, the latest tour drummer of Black Flag. "Left Hand" Graham was replaced for the 2015 tour and the band featured DieTrich Thrall on bass instead.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: On May 12, 2016, it was announced that Glenn Danzig, Jerry Only, and Doyle would perform together as "The Original Misfits" for the first time in 33 years. They reunited for two headlining shows in September 2016 at the Riot Fest in Chicago and Denver.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Doyle's guitar playing style consists heavily of downstrokes and power chords. He admits to limited facility on guitar, believing "great songs" are more important than instrumental skill in achieving professional success.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Early on in Doyle's career, he used an Ibanez Iceman guitar. However, after experimenting with guitars in Kryst the Conqueror, Doyle developed his custom-made "Annihilator" guitar using his experience as a machinist to design and build the guitar himself. The bat shape was inspired by his love of Batman. These guitars have neck-through design with a graphite body and are loaded with a Seymour Duncan Invader pickup, and are strung with Dean Markley strings. The guitar was made without external screws on the body, as guitars with external screws scratched and cut his skin when he played shirtless.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: In the 2000s, Doyle collaborated with October Guitars (now spelled "Oktober") to recreate the "Annihilator" with a signature pickup. Despite this, Doyle still uses his own Annihilator because Oktober were not able to make them the exact way that he wanted. In February 2022, he collaborated with Dean Guitars on a signature Annihilator guitar that will come loaded with his signature Sheptone pickup. The guitar more or less comes with the exact same specs as original but with custom fret markers that show music notes instead of the traditional white dots. It is priced at US$9,999


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Since the mid-1990s he has used a Demeter TGP-3 rack preamp that feeds an Ampeg SVT bass head. His speaker cabinets are his own design, and have Celestion speakers. His pedalboard has a TC Electronic Chorus/Flanger, an MXR Micro Flanger, Digitech Whammy IV pedal, a Morley Bad Horsie 2 wah, an Ampeg Scrambler, a Vox Time Machine delay. In his amp rack, there is an ISP Decimator, and a Digitech Valve Distortion, Plus Line 6 G50 wireless systems.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Doyle married Stephanie Bellars in 2001. The couple have one daughter, Boriss, born August 17, 2002. He has three sons from previous relationships. The couple has since divorced, which was finalized in 2013.


title: Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein

text: Since 2013, Doyle has been in a domestic partnership with Alissa White-Gluz, vocalist of the Swedish melodic death metal band Arch Enemy. The couple are vegan.


title: Peter Parker (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)

text: Peter Benjamin Parker, also known by his alias Spider-Man, is a fictional character and the protagonist of Marc Webb's "The Amazing Spider-Man" film series. Adapted from the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name, he is portrayed by Andrew Garfield and appears in the films "The Amazing Spider-Man" and its sequel, "The Amazing Spider-Man 2," as well as being a supporting character in the Marvel Studios film "" (2021), set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), appearing as a slightly older version of himself alongside two alternate versions of himself from the wider multiverse.


text: Garfield's version of the character is a successor to the version of Peter Parker portrayed by Tobey Maguire in Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man" trilogy (2002–2007) and a predecessor to the iteration of Peter Parker portrayed by Tom Holland in the MCU (2016–present), both of whom appeared as their versions of Spider-Man alongside Garfield in "No Way Home". To distinguish him from the other two Spider-Men, he is nicknamed "Peter-Three" by his counterparts in the film itself, and is referred to by Marvel's official website as The Amazing Spider-Man, and is referred by Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers in the screenplay as "Webb-verse Peter" and "Webb-verse Spider-Man" (in honor of Marc Webb) when writing his dialogue.


text: Garfield's iteration of the character had some differences in personality to the Spider-Man of the previous film series, being more of an angst-ridden loner haunted by his actions than before. The narrative of the duology centres around Parker struggling to maintain his double-life as Spider-Man and relationship with fellow student Gwen Stacy, whose death at the hands of his former friend Harry Osborn he would later consider himself responsible for. The narrative also focuses on Parker seeking to uncover the reason his parents Richard and Mary vanished and left him with his aunt and uncle when he was a child, alongside the nature of his father's work at Oscorp.


text: While "The Amazing Spider-Man" duology itself received a generally mixed response, Garfield's performance as Parker has received widespread critical acclaim, and is commonly seen as a highlight of the film series. Since Garfield's appearance in "Spider-Man: No Way Home" which was also critically praised, fans have launched a campaign for the cancelled "The Amazing Spider-Man 3" to be made.


text: Peter Parker, also known as Spider-Man, first appeared in the anthology comic book "Amazing Fantasy" No. 15 (Aug. 1962) in the Silver Age of Comic Books, later becoming one of Marvel Comics' most popular superheroes and gaining his own comic series, titled "The Amazing Spider-Man". He was eventually adapted to film and television numerous times. Prior to the release of the 2012 "Amazing Spider-Man" film, the preceding big-budget film series based on the character saw Tobey Maguire take on the role of Peter Parker / Spider-Man, with three films released by Columbia Pictures: "Spider-Man", "Spider-Man 2", and "Spider-Man 3", which were released between 2002 and 2007.


text: Following the release of "Spider-Man 3", Sony Pictures Entertainment had announced a May 5, 2011, release date for Sam Raimi's next film in the series. By this time, screenwriters James Vanderbilt, David Lindsay-Abaire, and Gary Ross had all written rejected versions of a script and Ziskin's husband Alvin Sargent, who wrote the second and third films, was working on yet another attempt. However, on January 11, 2010, Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios announced that rather than continue the earlier saga, they were rebooting the series with a new cast and crew. Industry reports claimed that Raimi had admitted that he could not meet the scheduled release date and retain creative integrity. Avi Arad, Matt Tolmach, and Ziskin continued as producers.


text: The week after Raimi's departure, the studio announced that Marc Webb, whose previous film "500 Days of Summer" was his directorial debut, would direct the reboot. Tolmach, having been made president of Columbia Pictures and Amy Pascal, co-chairman of Sony Pictures Entertainment, said they were looking for a director who could give "sharp focus" to Parker's civilian life. Despite initially being hesitant due to the cultural impact of the previous films, Webb accepted the offer. Webb stated in a press release that he did not intend to replace Raimi, instead saying that he sought to take the opportunity to add "...ideas, stories, and histories that will add a new dimension, canvas, and creative voice to Spider-Man". Webb compared Spider-Man to the James Bond franchise, saying that there was "...so much material in Spider-Man that there are so many stories to tell and so many characters". He denied that the film was a remake, explaining that they were envisioned as being a "different universe and a different story with different characters".


text: British-American actor Andrew Garfield was cast as Peter Parker/Spider-Man for the 2012 film and its sequel, with his casting being officially made on July 1, 2010. Other actors considered for the role were Jamie Bell, Alden Ehrenreich, Frank Dillane, and Josh Hutcherson. Webb stated he knew Garfield was the right choice after filming him in a cutscene eating a cheeseburger while trying to calm Gwen Stacy down. On accepting the role Garfield explained, "I see it as a massive challenge in many ways... To make it authentic. To make the character live and breathe in a new way. The audience already has a relationship with many different incarnations of the character. I do, as well. I'm probably going to be the guy in the movie theater shouting abuse at myself. But I have to let that go. No turning back. And I wouldn't want to." Max Charles plays a young Peter Parker in the film, with Webb stating that a young Peter was needed to "explain the origins of Peter Parker" and not just Spider-Man.


text: After taking the role, Garfield studied the movements of athletes and spiders, and tried to incorporate them, saying Parker is "a boy/spider in terms of how he moves, and not just in the suit". He did yoga and Pilates for the role to be as flexible as possible. When first wearing his costume, Garfield admitted to shedding tears and trying to imagine "a better actor in the suit", which he described as "uncomfortable" and admitted to wearing nothing beneath it since it is skintight. Garfield also performed some of his own stunts in the film. When filming Garfield explained that he had four months of training and described his physical roles on stunts as terribly challenging and exhausting. Film producer Avi Arad explained that "Andrew is not only a brilliant actor but he is a sportsman. This gave us the opportunity to try things with him that were it not so it would have been almost impossible."


text: Following the release of "The Amazing Spider-Man 2", Garfield was allegedly let go of the role after failing to appear for a crucial appearance, according to documents released in the aftermath of the 2014 Sony Pictures hack. Other reasons cited included creative differences with Sony Pictures management and a failure to adapt to Hollywood culture. In addition, the second film saw mixed reviews and a franchise-low in box-office revenue. After leaked information from the hack also indicated Sony to be in talks to have Sam Raimi direct "Spider-Man vs. The Amazing Spider-Man", a multiversal crossover film featuring Garfield's Spider-Man encounter Tobey Maguire's Spider-Man, as well as a new trilogy starring Maguire; and to also be in talks with Marvel Studios about integrating a rebooted version of Spider-Man into the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), beginning with "" (2016), a deal was reached in early 2015 between the two studios to make the latter official, effectively cancelling "The Amazing Spider-Man" franchise.


text: Despite the reboot of the Spider-Man film series, Garfield reprised his role in "" (2021), a film set in the MCU, appearing alongside Maguire's iteration of the character as a supporting character to the new MCU iteration of Spider-Man played by Tom Holland. It was reported in 2020 that Garfield would reprise his role as his version of Peter Parker alongside the other cinematic iterations of the character in the third MCU Spider-Man film; however, these reports were never confirmed by Sony or Marvel Studios and were publicly denied by both Holland and Garfield several times in order to keep their involvement in the film a secret. In an interview with "Variety" that was published on January 6, 2022, Garfield said that his experience working on "Spider-Man: No Way Home" was "joyful", and that it gave him closure with his version of the character. Tom Holland described the inclusion of his Spider-Man predecessors Garfield and Tobey Maguire in "Spider-Man: No Way Home" 'was an idea that seemed impossible' before it came to fruition. Holland has also stated he regretted not contacting Garfield after he initially succeeded him in the role and felt lucky that "Spider-Man: No Way Home" had given both actors a second chance to discuss the Spider-Man character.


text: Unlike the Spider-Man of the previous series, this iteration of the character is unable to shoot organic webs from his arms, relying on self-designed mechanical web shooters attached to his suit. Webb explained that he felt that the web-shooters were "able to dramatize Peter's intellect". However, like all other versions of the character, this iteration of Parker has superhuman physical abilities, reflexes, and senses, and is able to crawl on walls.


text: During the design process for the spandex Spider-Man suit used in "The Amazing Spider-Man", Webb put an emphasis on making the suit look as if it was made by a high-school student. This was shown through decisions such as making the lenses for the eyes from a pair of sunglasses. Webb explained that he and the crew wanted a design that would make the body look more acrobatic, with the "legs of the spider [symbol on the chest]" used to emphasize it. Webb revealed that the film used varying suits for different lighting conditions. The webbing on the costume was also made darker.


text: The suit was more streamlined in "The Amazing Spider-Man 2", emphasizing updates supposedly made by Peter and Gwen in between the two films. Changes included larger lenses in the mask and modified web shooters, in addition to some modifications allowing Garfield to use the restroom while in the suit.


text: As portrayed in "The Amazing Spider-Man" and its sequel, Peter is described as an "arrogant, misunderstood outsider", as well as "whip-smart and likably cheeky, with an undercurrent of teenage angst," compared to Tobey Maguire's "earnest" and "dorky" rendition of the character. He is portrayed as intellectually gifted, technologically proficient and street smart, able to hack into computer systems and design his own web shooters after stealing canisters of genetically-engineered spider web from Oscorp and recall a complex equation his father had worked on. He also has a snarky, sarcastic and witty sense of humor and messes around and humiliates criminals with mocking insults and deadpan one-liners, toying with a car thief on his first official night as a vigilante. When he is not goofing around with criminals and super-villains, he is determined and courageous and despite some initial hesitation and after rethinking the purpose of his vigilante alter-ego, decides to use his superpowers for legitimately altruistic purposes and to help others in need; for example, when confronted with the choice, he chooses to protect the innocent by rescuing a man's son, Jack, rather than chase down The Lizard. Unlike other versions of the character, Peter is seen skateboarding in the film, which Marc Webb says makes Peter less terrified of swinging from webs.


text: Webb described "The Amazing Spider-Man" as "a story about a kid who grows up looking for his father and finds himself." Both Webb and star Garfield described Parker as an outsider by choice, someone hard to get close to. As in the early comic books, the character "is a science whiz. If you look back to the early Stan Lee and Steve Ditko comics, he's a nerd with big glasses," said Webb. He explained "the idea of what a nerd is has changed in 40 or 50 years. Nerds are running the world. Andrew Garfield made a movie [called "The Social Network"] about it. ... What was important in those early comics was this notion that Peter Parker is an outsider and how we define that in a contemporary context."


text: Garfield compared his Spider-Man façade as a metaphor for internet anonymity, saying, "You feel the power of it, the power of not being seen, the power of the mask. Peter becomes witty when he's got that protective layer. It's like he's on a message board. He's got the anonymity of the Internet within that suit, and he can say whatever the hell he likes, and he can get away with anything." Garfield tried to explore Parker as an orphan, whom he feels "are the strongest human beings on the planet." He said Parker is "a human hero [who] goes through all of the same struggles that we all have gone through, especially the skinny ones [who] want more power than they feel they have." He believes Parker represents "a very inspiring, aspirational character that symbolizes goodness—and how difficult it is to be good—but how worth it it is."


text: Rhys Ifans, who portrays Dr. Curt Connors/The Lizard in "The Amazing Spider-Man", compared the film to William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" on the grounds that Spider-Man can be redone over and over in different ways. He felt that they are similar in that they both represent meaningful archetypal young men grappling with the loss of their father. Critics like Claudia Puig of "USA Today" felt that Garfield's character as the superhero "embodies the nerdy Parker, the anguished fatherless teen and the cocky super-hero in equal doses". Boyd Hoij of "Variety" noted that Garfield's character as Spider-Man makes an interesting hero in the film because of how it establishes early on that Peter's growing pains along with his search for an identity are common to any teenager and that "his struggles involve real people—and real lives."


text: Peter is first seen in the film as a six-year-old boy, as his father Richard Parker drops him off at his Uncle Ben and Aunt May's house after discovering that his documents were ransacked. Richard tells his son that he and his mother will be back after going on a mission, but they both mysteriously disappear. Years later in 2012, Peter is now a high school student at Midtown Science High School in New York City. Though not one of the popular students, he excels in his studies while getting picked on by school athlete Flash Thompson. After Gwen Stacy breaks up a fight between Peter and Flash in which Flash attacks Peter for defending another student he was picking on, Peter and Gwen begin to flirt with one another.


text: After discovering a briefcase containing his father's work, and with encouragement from Uncle Ben, Peter seeks out his father's co-worker, Dr. Curtis Connors. Peter immediately searches the Internet for information about Richard and Connors' work, which leads him to discover his parents' death in a plane crash. Peter sneaks into Oscorp, posing as one of the interns, and locates the one-armed Dr. Connors after bumping into Gwen, who is an actual intern there. Connors is being pressed by his superior, Dr. Ratha, to devise a cure for the dying head of Oscorp, Norman Osborn, and wants the cure for himself to regenerate his own arm. After Peter manages to sneak inside the biocable lab, a moment of curiosity leads to him touching the webs, causing several genetically-modified spiders to fall on him, one of which bites him in the back. On the subway ride home, he discovers he has developed spider-like abilities, such as super-strength, sharp senses, reflexes, agility, and speed.


text: Peter later visits Connors at his home, revealing he is Richard's son and gives Connors his father's "decay rate algorithm," the missing piece in Connors' experiments on regenerating limbs. In school, Peter is put in detention after using his new abilities to humiliate Flash. His uncle changes work shifts to meet with the principal and ask Peter to walk Aunt May home for him that night. Peter forgets to do so, distracted while at Oscorp helping Connors regenerate the limb of a laboratory mouse with a new serum. At home, he and Ben argue, and Peter leaves. At a nearby deli, a cashier refuses to let Peter buy milk when Peter is two cents short. When a thief suddenly raids the store, Peter allows him to escape. While searching for Peter, Ben attempts to stop the thief and is killed. The thief escapes as Peter finds Ben dead on the sidewalk.


text: Flash and Gwen console a grieving Peter at school the following day. Afterward, Peter uses his new abilities to track down criminals matching the killer's description, later resolving to create a mask to hide his identity during his exploits. He adds a spandex suit and builds mechanical web-shooters out of wristwatches to attach to his wrists to shoot a biocable "web". Later, at dinner with Gwen's family, he has a tense conversation with her father, NYPD captain George Stacy, over the new masked vigilante's motives. After dinner, Peter reveals his identity to Gwen, and they kiss before he is alerted to a situation at the Williamsburg Bridge. Changing into his suit, Peter saves numerous cars and their occupants from being tossed into the river by The Lizard, who is actually Dr. Connors after he tests the serum on himself. Peter begins calling himself "Spider-Man" afterward, becoming influenced to help others with his powers.


text: Peter suspects Connors is the Lizard, and later unsuccessfully confronts Connors' Lizard form in the sewers, leaving behind his camera. Connors learns Peter's identity via the name on the camera and pursues him to Midtown Science High School where they fight. In response, the police start a manhunt for both Spider-Man and Lizard. Connors heads to Oscorp, intending to disperse his serum across the city and make everyone into lizards, while Gwen develops an antidote in Oscorp's lab. The police corner Spider-Man and Captain Stacy discover that he is Peter, but he lets him escape to go save Gwen. Realizing Spider-Man is on their side, the police and several crane operators then coordinate to help a wounded Spider-Man reach Oscorp Tower in time. Spider-Man manages to replace Connors' serum with the antidote, reverting Connors to human form, but not before Connors mortally wounds Captain Stacy. Before his death, Captain Stacy makes Peter promise to stay away from Gwen for her safety. He initially keeps the promise, but later admits to Gwen that failed promises are "the best kind", hinting that he will continue to see her.


text: In 2014, Peter is in action as Spider-Man, assisting the NYPD with chasing down criminals stealing a truckload of plutonium while trying to make it to his high school graduation. He apprehends the criminals, led by mobster Aleksei Sytsevich, before making it to the ceremony, where Gwen is giving a speech as the school's valedictorian. The couple agrees to meet up afterward for dinner before she is called by her mother for a family photo. Later in the evening, Peter tells Gwen about his visions of her father and insists that he needs to keep his promise, resulting in the two breaking up again.


text: Peter visits Harry Osborn, his childhood friend, following his father Norman's death. Later that night, Peter meets Gwen in an attempt to maintain a friendship, and Gwen tells Peter that she may have to move to England if she gets a scholarship from Oxford University. Before the two can discuss it, Max Dillon, an electrical engineer whom Spider-Man saved earlier, accidentally shuts off the power to Times Square whilst looking for electricity to power himself, as he had mutated into a living electric generator after an incident with electric eels. Dillon is stopped by Spider-Man after a battle that also sees police involvement and is taken to the Ravencroft Institute, where he is studied and tortured by German scientist Dr. Kafka.


text: Harry begins to show symptoms of his father's illness and uses the device Norman gave him to deduce that Spider-Man's blood could help save him. He asks Peter for help finding him but Peter refuses, unsure of what effects the transfusion would have, fearing another incident like with Dr. Connors. Parker visits Harry again, this time as Spider-Man, but again refuses. He confides in Gwen about the situation and also gives her luck. Peter uses information left behind by his father to locate a video message Richard left. In it, Richard explains that he had to leave New York because he refused to let Norman Osborn use what they had created with his research for biological warfare and that the spiders that ultimately bit Peter were created with Richard's DNA, thereby explaining why Peter is the only successful 'cross-species' to be created.


text: As a vengeful Harry begins to conspire with Dillon, who now calls himself "Electro", Peter receives a voicemail message from Gwen, telling him that she was offered the job in England and is heading to the airport to fly there earlier than expected. Peter manages to catch her and professes his love for her, and the two agree to go to England together. They are interrupted by a blackout caused by Electro. Peter takes Gwen down where the police are and Gwen helps him adjust his web-shooters to counter Electro. Peter heads off to fight with Electro having the upper hand. As Electro begins electrocuting Spider-Man, Gwen comes in a police car and hits Electro, against Peter's demands. The two defeat and kill Electro by overloading his electricity supply.


text: Just after they do so, Harry arrives, now as the Green Goblin, having figured out Spider-Man's identity and wanting revenge for being refused the blood transfusion. Goblin takes Gwen and drops her where Spider-Man catches her. The two fight at the top of a clock tower, and Spider-Man manages to subdue the Goblin. However, during the fight, Gwen falls and is supported by a web-connected to one of the gears. Harry is then defeated but Gwen falls again, and Peter tries to save Gwen using his web. Though Peter successfully catches her, she dies nonetheless due to whiplash snapping her neck. Devastated by his failure to save his girlfriend, Peter ends his career as Spider-Man.


text: Five months pass and Spider-Man is nowhere to be seen in New York, as Peter spends every day at Gwen's grave. Later, an unknown team of men breaks Sytsevich out of prison. Equipped with an electromechanical suit of armor, Sytsevich dubs himself the "Rhino" and rampages through the streets. Peter, inspired by re-watching Gwen's graduation speech, resumes his role as Spider-Man and confronts him.


text: An alternate ending of this film shows Peter encountering his father Richard at Gwen's grave, with Richard having faked his death to keep Peter safe. Richard comforts his son on Gwen's death, having both lost someone they deeply love, and he inspires Parker to carry on while stating "with great power comes great responsibility."


text: Many years after Gwen's death, Peter (dubbed "Peter-Three" during the events of the film) is accidentally transported to Earth-616 due to a failed magic spell by Doctor Strange and that universe's Peter Parker (dubbed "Peter-One") meant to restore Peter-One's secret identity after it was exposed by Mysterio. Unbeknownst to Peter, his universe's Curt Connors (taken sometime before the climax of "The Amazing Spider-Man") and Max Dillon (taken moments before his death) were also transported into this universe, among other villains. While there, Peter finds another version of himself transported from another universe (dubbed "Peter-Two"), who helps him console Peter-One after the death of his Aunt May by Peter-Two's Green Goblin. He reveals that after Gwen died, he became bitter and more brutal while becoming more of Spider-Man and less of Peter Parker. Peter, however, is happy to bond with his alternate selves as they cure the villains and save them from the deaths they would face in their own universes, coming to see Peter-One and Peter-Two as brothers. Peter achieves a moment of spiritual redemption for Gwen's death by saving MJ, the girlfriend of Peter-One, when she falls off the Statue of Liberty. After defeating and curing all the villains and making amends with Dillon, Peter says goodbye to his alternate selves and is returned to his universe as a happier and more content man.


text: Taking place in between the events of both films, Peter took on an assignment from J. Jonah Jameson of "The Daily Bugle" to take pictures of Spider-Man and maintained a friendship with Gwen after their initial breakup, redesigning his costume with her after his first one was damaged by a turbine.


text: Though he does not appear, this version of Peter Parker is mentioned in the Marvel Comics storyline "Spider-Verse", which features many iterations of the character from multiple universes. He is mentioned as resembling "the guy from "The Social Network"", a film that Garfield had also starred in.


text: Andrew Garfield's interpretation of Spider-Man was considered one of the highlights of both "The Amazing Spider-Man" and its sequel, and critics have now called this iteration of the character "underrated" in retrospect. Film reviewers praised the realistic portrayal of Peter Parker, with Roger Ebert stating that the reboot "gave Peter better reasons to take up his superhero role, even if the origin story didn't need to be told once again." In addition, Garfield's portrayal of Spider-Man's snarky humor and chemistry with co-star Emma Stone were also praised. Mary F. Pols of "Time" magazine said that even though the story was familiar Garfield and Webb made it feel "convincingly fresh and exciting." In "The Amazing Spider-Man 2", Garfield received praise for his emotional performance despite criticism of the film's convoluted plot.


text: Writing in August 2020, Eric Eisenberg of "CinemaBlend" referred to the Marc Webb series as the "middle child" of Spider-Man movies compared to the Sam Raimi trilogy and Spider-Man's inclusion in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and that Garfield was a "victim of circumstance". He also noted that the films displayed Peter Parker's technological prowess more in-depth than the preceding trilogy. However, he called Garfield's iteration "too cool" for Peter Parker, calling him a "rebel with a skateboard" as opposed to the nerd commonly associated with the character. In 2017, following the character's second reboot with Tom Holland taking on the role in the MCU, Nick Philpott of "CBR" ranked Garfield's iteration the second greatest portrayal of the character, two spots ahead of Tobey Maguire's and just behind Holland's.


text: Garfield's appearance in "No Way Home" was met with a highly positive reception from both fans and critics. Subsequently, a fan campaign using the hashtag #MakeTASM3 began on Twitter advocating for Sony to produce a third film in the "Amazing Spider-Man" series, with Garfield reprising his role. Both the hashtag (with 86,000 tweets) and Garfield's name (302,000 tweets) trended on Twitter during the opening weekend of "No Way Home".


text: Some have suggested that the "Amazing Spider-Man" films are connected to and retconned into Sony's Spider-Man Universe, with the proposal that Garfield's Spider-Man battle Tom Hardy's Venom in a future film, based on a conversation in "No Way Home" in which Garfield's Peter Parker complains that Maguire and Holland's versions of Parker have gotten to fight aliens while he has not. Garfield has stated that he would be open to reprising his role as Parker, especially alongside Holland and Maguire again. Garfield also stated on The Happy Sad Confused Podcast that he would be interested in a Venom crossover, while Tom Holland also expressed his support for a potential "The Amazing Spider-Man 3", saying "I would love to see [it]". Sony's official Twitter account has acknowledged the #MakeTASM3 hashtag, though the account stated that it's just a managed social platform and not actually a production company that decide which movies should be greenlit.


text: The plot description and characterization were adapted from Spider-Man (Andrew Garfield) and The Amazing Spider-Man at Spider-Man Films Wiki and Spider-Man at Amazing Spider-Man Wiki, which are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license.


title: My So-Called Life

text: My So-Called Life is an American teen drama television series created by Winnie Holzman and produced by Edward Zwick and Marshall Herskovitz. It originally aired on ABC from August 25, 1994, to January 26, 1995. It is distributed by The Bedford Falls Company with ABC Productions.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Set at the fictional Liberty High School in a fictional suburb near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania called Three Rivers, it follows the emotional travails of several teenagers in the social circle of main character Angela Chase, played by Claire Danes.


title: My So-Called Life

text: The show was officially canceled on May 15, 1995, despite being critically praised for its realistic portrayal of adolescence and the commentary of its central character Angela, and the series' reception of several major awards, which included a Golden Globe Award for Danes. Besides Danes, the show also launched the careers of several other major actors of her generation, including Jared Leto and Wilson Cruz. The show became a cult classic and has been frequently cited by multiple publications including "Time", "Entertainment Weekly", "TV Guide, The Atlantic", and "Rolling Stone" as one of the best teen dramas of all time.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Angela Chase (Claire Danes) is a 15-year-old high school student who lives in the fictional Pittsburgh suburb of Three Rivers with her mother Patty (Bess Armstrong), father Graham (Tom Irwin), and little sister Danielle (Lisa Wilhoit). Each episode, which is usually narrated by Angela, follows her trials and tribulations as she deals with friends, parents, guys, and school.


title: My So-Called Life

text: "My So-Called Life" dealt with major social issues of the mid-1990s, including child abuse, homophobia, teenage alcoholism, homelessness, adultery, school violence, censorship, and drug use. Many shows at the time used these themes as a one-time issue (a "very special episode") that was introduced as a problem at the beginning of an episode and resolved at the end, but on "My So-Called Life" these issues were part of the continuing storyline. The title of the show alludes to the perception of meaninglessness that many teenagers experience and encapsulates the main theme of the series. The show depicts the teenage years as being difficult and confusing rather than a light, fun-filled time.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Marshall Herskovitz was approached by Showtime in the 1980s to write a show about teenagers. Herskovitz conceived of the series as a “very personal, very internal” story about a boy with the title "Secret/Seventeen", but it was not picked up by the network. A few years later, after the cancellation of "Thirtysomething" in 1991, Herskovitz and his co-creator Edward Zwick approached Winnie Holzman, a writer on "Thirtysomething" and "The Wonder Years," to brainstorm a new show. Holzman sparked to the idea of an "uncensored" depiction of teenage life. Said Herskovitz, “Most shows about teens on television [in the early ’90s, like "Beverly Hills, 90210"<nowiki>]</nowiki> were very exploitative about sexuality and meant to be titillating rather than inside the experience of what it meant to be an adolescent.”


title: My So-Called Life

text: To capture contemporary adolescence authentically, Holzman did research and taught classes at Fairfax High School in Los Angeles for a few days. She also kept a diary and wrote down journal entries from the perspective of a teenage girl. These journal entries would later become the basis for Angela's voice-overs.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Holzman named the title character Angela after the niece of a script coordinator on "Thirtysomething". Holzman recounted, “She mentioned to me she had a young teenage niece named Angela. I had a phone conversation with [Angela] and it really affected me. I remember she said something like, ‘Boys just have it so easy.’ And that's in the pilot. So I named the character Angela partly in honor of her.”


title: My So-Called Life

text: Intent on dismantling stereotypical portrayals of teens and parents on TV, Holzman wrote Patty Chase, the wife and mother character, as the breadwinner of the Chase family and husband Graham as the homebody. Holzman portrayed the parents as in the “midst of establishing their identities and discovering their incompatibility with traditional domestic tropes.”


title: My So-Called Life

text: In keeping with their desire to portray adolescence authentically, producers looked for actors who were close in age to their teen characters.  Before Claire Danes was cast, Alicia Silverstone auditioned for the role of Angela and impressed Zwick, and as an emancipated minor could work longer hours, but was not deemed the right fit for "Holzman’s messy high-school universe, which included subplots about drug addiction, bullying, binge drinking, promiscuity, and homosexuality". Herskovitz thought that Silverstone was too beautiful to play a conflicted teenager uncertain of herself. He said "We needed somebody who shimmered between beauty and sort of not formed yet. And in walks Claire. She read the scene in the pilot where she has a confrontation with her childhood best friend. There was a direction that said, 'Angela starts to tear up.' Claire gets to the moment. Her whole face turns red. She's having this intense emotional experience — and then pulls it back. Everybody was just knocked out." As Danes was 15 and had to attend school alongside filming, producers ended up increasing the screen time for the parental characters to accommodate for Danes.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Wilson Cruz was cast as Rickie Vasquez, who was originally written in the script as <nowiki>"</nowiki>half black, half Puerto Rican, sexually ambiguous like Jodie Foster in "Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore".<nowiki>"</nowiki> The character of Rickie was inspired by Holzman's peers as a teenager, as well as by the 1990 documentary "Paris Is Burning", which explores ball culture in New York City. Cruz drew on some of his own experiences, such as a period of homelessness after he came out to his dad, for his portrayal of Rickie.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Jared Leto was originally supposed to appear in just the pilot episode, but his acting and chemistry with Danes impressed producers and he was upgraded to the main cast.


title: My So-Called Life

text: The pilot was shot in April 1993. An enthusiastic response from ABC executives and TV critics raised producers' hopes for a series debut in the 1993-1994 TV season lineup; however, ABC delayed "My So-Called Life"’s addition as they pondered over the right time slot for the show. The show finally premiered in the Thursday night lineup in August 1994, a year and a half after the filming of the pilot.


title: My So-Called Life

text: The series was filmed in the Los Angeles area. Scenes at the fictional Liberty High School were shot on location at University High School.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Due to the show's rapid shooting schedule and the uncertainty of its future, producers "did not have the luxury of planning out the season's arc in advance," and story lines would unfold episode to episode. Network executives did give the show's creators relatively free reign to explore what were then seen as risky subjects for network TV, such as teen sexuality and orientation.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Upon its debut, "My So-Called Life" received widespread critical acclaim. Critic Joyce Millman said the show "evokes the emotional turbulence of adolescence with breathtaking accuracy” and is also “unusually perceptive in its portrayal of the push and pull of mother-daughter relationships." Millman added the show has an interesting take on “midlife crisis and marital boredom”, and concluded “with bittersweet clarity, "My So-Called Life" shows us that teen angst is something we never outgrow.”


title: My So-Called Life

text: The "Hartford Courant" called it "one of the most humanizing hours of television to come along in decades." Steven Spielberg lauded the show and called Danes “one of the most exciting actresses to debut in 10 years”, likening her to Audrey Hepburn.


title: My So-Called Life

text: In a critical review, Howard Rosenberg of the "Los Angeles Times" found the teen characters grating and the plot lines to be too neatly resolved, but did praise Holzman's writing and Danes’ acting. Rosenberg wrote, “you also recognize that Holzman has a witty grasp on adolescence and knows a bull’s-eye when she sees one...Another plus is the brooding self-consciousness that seems so genuine in Angela, a credit to Danes’ effortless performance. Her nervous body language speaks volumes, as do her character's private thoughts, delivered as part of a voice-over narration in the manner of ‘"The Wonder Years".’”


title: My So-Called Life

text: After the series' cancellation and over the years, the series continued to gain acclaim for its realism and is praised by some critics as one of the greatest television series of all time. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, Season 1 has a 95% approval rating based on 20 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "Effectively avoiding cliche and cheesy exposition, "My So-Called Life"s realistic portrayal of the average American girl is ahead of its time". On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating, the show has a score of 92 out of 100 based on 19 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". It is the 70th highest rated television series on the website. In 2007, it was listed as one of "Time"'s "100 Best TV Shows of All-"TIME"". "Time" critic James Poniewozik wrote,


title: My So-Called Life

text: In 2008, AOL TV named "My So-Called Life" as the second Best School Show of All Time. It was number 33 on "Entertainment Weekly"s "New Classics TV" list of shows from 1983 to 2008, and as number 8 in the "25 Greatest Cult TV Shows Ever". "TV Guide" ranked the series number 16 on its 25 Top Cult Shows Ever list in 2004, as well as number 2 on its 2013 list of 60 shows that were "Cancelled Too Soon".


title: My So-Called Life

text: For its original run in the United States, the show aired on Thursday nights at 8 p.m. ET against top-10 hit sitcoms — "Mad About You" and "Friends" on NBC, as well as the popular "Martin" and "Living Single" on Fox, possibly contributing to the series' low ratings.


title: My So-Called Life

text: The producers said that they could not fault ABC for the creative freedom and support they gave them during production, as there were probably few networks that would have even put "My So-Called Life" on the air in the first place.


title: My So-Called Life

text: "My So-Called Life" was produced before the explosion of youth and teen programming. The culture of television changed significantly in the years that immediately followed, most notably with the rise of The WB and UPN—networks that catered to the teenaged audience "My So-Called Life" sought—during the late 1990s and early 2000s (The WB and UPN launched just two weeks and one week, respectively, before "My So-Called Life"s run on ABC ended). “Networks didn’t understand that you could sell to adolescent girls,” said Herskovitz. Although "My So-Called Life" drew adult fans in addition to teenage viewers, the ratings-focused ABC concluded not enough viewers of a particular demographic were watching the show during its initial network run. Holzman said, "It is one thing to have huge ratings, but it is quite another to have smaller ratings but with an extremely passionate following. I don't understand why the network did not understand that."


title: My So-Called Life

text: When the network was considering canceling the show, producers Zwick and Herskovitz appealed to then-ABC President Bob Iger, telling him, "'You should keep this show on the air because teenage girls have no voice in our culture, and the show is giving them a voice.'" In January 1995, it was reported the show averaged 10 million viewers per week, a number ABC president of entertainment Ted Harbert said was high, but still fell short compared to ABC sitcom "Home Improvement," which averaged 30 million viewers weekly.


title: My So-Called Life

text: An online fan campaign attempted to save "My So-Called Life", the first such event in the history of the World Wide Web. Bolstered by fans' support, Ted Harbert said he was prepared to bring the show back for a second season. However, Herskovitz said at that time Danes and her parents approached the show's creators and told producers that she did not want to be involved with the show if it continued, citing the arduous shooting schedule which required the show's young actors to balance schoolwork with rehearsal and time on the set.


title: My So-Called Life

text: When Holzman learned Danes was no longer keen to continue with the show, her attitude changed as well. Holzman said, "When I realized that Claire truly did not want to do it any more, it was hard for me to want to do it. The joy in writing the show was that everyone was behind it and wanted to do it. And I love her. So part of the joy and excitement and happiness would have gone out of me if she had not been on board 100 percent. I wasn't able to say this at the time, but in retrospect it was a blessing for it to end at a time when we all enjoyed doing it. That's not to say that if the network had ordered more shows that I wouldn't have given it my best. But there was a rightness in how short the season was. This was a show about adolescence and sort of ended in its own adolescence. There was an aura about how short the series was like all things that die young. The show ended at a point that it was still all potential."


title: My So-Called Life

text: The show was officially canceled on May 15, 1995, for its "far too narrow" appeal. Although the fan campaign was not successful in getting a second season, the surrounding publicity led to MTV airing repeats of the show a month prior, which helped the show gain newer exposure. In a 2004 interview with "Entertainment Weekly", Danes insisted that she didn't have enough power to cause the cancelation by herself. It is generally accepted that the show's cancelation was the result of a variety of factors, including low ratings and scant publicity from the network. Bess Armstrong said, "Actually, I don't think there were any bad guys. It was just a confluence of events. It was a perfect storm." Winnie Holzman theorized that the network was so on-the-fence about renewing the show in the first place that in some ways they used Danes' reluctance to return as a convenient excuse to not renew the series.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Had the show continued, Winnie Holzman said a second season would potentially have seen Patty and Graham getting a divorce, Angela turning to Brian for comfort, Sharon dealing with a teen pregnancy, and Brian and Delia getting together at some point.


title: My So-Called Life

text: "My So-Called Life" is seen as a groundbreaking television show for its realistic portrayal of adolescence and for launching a revolution of teen angst-oriented dramas on primetime TV. It is credited with moving teen dramas away from the soap opera tone of previous shows like "Beverly Hills, 90210" and towards a smarter look at everyday teenage life.


title: My So-Called Life

text: On a 2012 list of cult TV shows, critic Melissa Maerz wrote "it was the first teen drama that didn't feel like an after-school special. No one ever learned a very important lesson or uttered the phrase 'I love you, Dad.' Angela acted like a real 15-year-old, with all the crying jags and Buffalo Tom concerts that implies. What's even more impressive is that anyone who watched the show back in the '90s, when angst and Manic Panic felt totally of the moment, can now enjoy it on a very different level. Suddenly, Angela's parents are relatable. Dammit, we're old."


title: My So-Called Life

text: Of the character types explored in the show, Jeff Jensen of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote, “[Winnie] Holzman took these stock types and made them complicated and real — you didn't need to be a girl to feel Angela's longing for Jordan, didn't need to be gay to connect with Rickie's coming-out journey.” The character of Rickie Vasquez became the first openly queer character on primetime TV, and the first queer character of color. The final episode of the series, "In Dreams Begin Responsibilities" is notable for featuring a moment in which Ricky says out loud that he's gay — "a first for both the character and network television." While doing publicity for the show at the time, Cruz made a point of communicating that he was gay in real life.


title: My So-Called Life

text: In a 2017 article for "The Guardian", Soraya Roberts wrote "My So-Called Life" "not only flirted with gender fluidity before it became a part of the national conversation, it questioned the parameters of conventional maleness,” and "was the rare primetime show that candidly discussed teen sex (according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, by 1996 only 12% of shows involved adolescent sexual content) – not only that, teen girl sex." The episode "Guns and Gossip" is notable for addressing the topic of gun violence in schools, five years before Columbine.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Numerous showrunners and creators of teen-centered dramas or sitcoms, including Nahnatchka Khan ("Fresh Off the Boat"), Brian Yorkey ("13 Reasons Why"), Stephanie Savage ("Gossip Girl"), and Terri Minski ("Andi Mack"), have cited "MSCL" and its impact on them as teens. Showrunner and Arrowverse creator Greg Berlanti called the series "the most painfully honest portrayal of adolescence ever on television.”


title: My So-Called Life

text: The series is ranked at number 68 on the Writers Guild of America 2013 list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series, and is frequently included in lists of TV shows that were cancelled too soon.


title: My So-Called Life

text: "My So-Called Life" also inspired a German version of the sitcom called "Mein Leben & Ich," which ran for 6 seasons and a total of 74 episodes, 25 minutes each.


title: My So-Called Life

text: On October 30, 2007, Shout! Factory re-released "My So-Called Life" on DVD in Region 1 in a six-disc box set with a disc of special features, including an interview with series star Claire Danes. Shout! Factory is a distribution company that has released short-lived shows in the past.


title: My So-Called Life

text: On September 13, 2007, Eurovideo released the complete series on DVD in Germany in Region 2; The 5-disc boxset featured German and English soundtrack but no special features.


title: My So-Called Life

text: On June 10, 2008, Beyond Home Entertainment released the complete series on DVD in Australia in Region 4.


title: My So-Called Life

text: On December 3, 2008, Free Dolphin released the complete series on DVD in France in Region 2, with a 32-page booklet but no other special features.


title: My So-Called Life

text: Atlantic Records released a soundtrack of the show, which was originally released on August 25, 1994, then re-released on January 24, 1995.


title: My So-Called Life

text: A sequel novel by Catherine Clark, "My So-Called Life Goes On", was published in 1999 by Random House.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: The Indian Independence Act 1947 [1947 CHAPTER 30 10 and 11 Geo 6] is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan. The Act received Royal Assent on 18 July 1947 and thus modern-day India and Pakistan, comprising west (modern day Pakistan) and east (modern day Bangladesh) regions, came into being on 15 August.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: The legislature representatives of the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League, and the Sikh community came to an agreement with Lord Mountbatten on what has come to be known as the "3 June Plan" or "Mountbatten Plan". This plan was the last plan for independence.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: The Act also made provision for the division of joint property, etc. between the two new countries, including in particular the division of the armed forces.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: There was much violence, and many Muslims from what would become India fled to Pakistan; and Hindus and Sikhs from what would become Pakistan fled to India. Many people left behind all their possessions and property to avoid the violence and flee to their new country.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: On 25 July 1947, Mountbatten held a meeting with the Chamber of Princes, where he addressed the question of the princely states, of which there were about 565. The treaty relations between Britain and the Indian States would come to an end, and on 15 August 1947 the suzerainty of the British Crown was to lapse. Mountbatten ruled out any dominion status for any of the princely states, and advised them to acccede to one or the other of the dominions, India and Pakistan. Though it was technically possible for the states to remain free after 15 August, their dependence on the British government of India for defence and other matters rendered such freedom meaningless.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: Lord Mountbatten continued as the first Governor General of independent India. Jawaharlal Nehru became the prime minister and Vallabhbhai Patel became the home minister.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: Over 550 princely states, almost all of the states contiguous with the territory of India, acceded to India by 15 August. The exceptions were Junagadh, Hyderabad, and Jammu and Kashmir. The state of Jammu and Kashmir was contiguous to both India and Pakistan, but its Hindu ruler chose to remain independent "for the time being". Following a Pakistani tribal invasion, he acceded to India on 26 October 1947, and the state was disputed between India and Pakistan. The state of Junagadh initially acceded to Pakistan but faced a revolt from its Hindu population. Following a breakdown of law and order, its Dewan requested India to take over the administration on 8 November 1947. India conducted a referendum in the state on 20 February 1948, in which the people voted overwhelmingly to join India. The state of Hyderabad, with the majority Hindu population but Muslim ruler faced intense turmoil and sectarian violence. India intervened in the state on 13 September 1948, following which the ruler of the state signed the Instrument of Accession, joining India.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the Governor-General of Pakistan, and Liaquat Ali Khan became the Prime Minister of Pakistan.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: Between October 1947 and March 1948 the rulers of several Muslim-majority states signed instruments of accession to join Pakistan. These included Amb, Bahawalpur, Chitral, Dir, Kalat, Khairpur, Kharan, Las Bela, Makran, and Swat.


title: Indian Independence Act 1947

text: The Indian Independence Act was subsequently repealed in Article 395 of the Constitution of India and in Article 221 of the Constitution of Pakistan of 1956, both constitutions being intended to bring about greater independence for the new states. Although under British law, the new constitutions did not have the legal authority to repeal the Act, the repeal was intended to establish them as independent legal systems based only on home-grown legislation. The Act has not been repealed in the United Kingdom, where it still has an effect, although some sections of it have been repealed.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Henry James Redknapp (born 2 March 1947) is an English former football manager and player. He has previously managed AFC Bournemouth, West Ham United, Portsmouth, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, Queens Park Rangers and Birmingham City. In his second spell at Portsmouth, he managed the side that won the 2008 FA Cup. At the conclusion of the 2009–10 season, he guided Tottenham into the UEFA Champions League. Redknapp announced his retirement from football management in 2017.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: His son, Jamie Redknapp, played under him at Bournemouth and Southampton. He is also uncle to Frank Lampard, who played under him at West Ham United.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp was born in Poplar, London, the only child of Henry Joseph William Redknapp (1922–1996) and Violet May Brown (1924–2001).


title: Harry Redknapp

text: At age 11, while Redknapp was playing for East London Schools football, he was spotted by Dickie Walker, a Tottenham Hotspur scout. From there, Redknapp grew in the Tottenham youth ranks playing at Cheshunt, meeting the likes of Bill Nicholson, Dave Mackay and Danny Blanchflower. At age 15, Redknapp moved to West Ham United and played alongside Bobby Moore. In a 2008 interview, Redknapp stated as part of a tribute to Tom Finney, "I was a big Arsenal fan as a kid and I remember seeing him play against Tommy Docherty one night."


title: Harry Redknapp

text: After being appointed Tottenham manager later in 2008, Redknapp stressed his Tottenham connections as well, stating:I am a big follower of the history of the game and Tottenham have been a great club over the years. I followed Tottenham, I trained there as an 11-year-old, 12-year-old so I know the history of the club. It is a big, big club.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: During his playing career, Redknapp played as a midfielder. He began his career with Tottenham Hotspur, playing for the youth team until he was 15 years old, when he moved to West Ham United. He first broke into the first team at West Ham in the 1965–66 season, making seven appearances and scoring one goal. He made his debut for West Ham in a 1–1 draw at home to Sunderland on 23 August 1965. His first goal came in a 4–1 away win over Tottenham on 8 April 1966.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp made his first start of the 1966–67 season, and scored his second goal for the club, on 3 December 1966 in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion. Redknapp made 12 League appearances scoring once during his second season. During the 1967–68 season, he made 28 League appearances and scored twice, the first in a 4–2 home win over Burnley on 21 August 1967 and the second in a 5–1 away win over Sunderland on 6 September 1967.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: During the 1968–69 season, Redknapp made 42 appearances and scored three times, with 36 appearances coming in the league (along with two goals), three in the FA Cup appearances and three in the League Cup (along with one goal). His first league goal of the season came in a 4–0 win over West Brom on 31 August 1968, while the next came in a match in the League Cup against Bolton Wanderers, which West Ham won 4–0. Redknapp received a red card in a 2–0 away defeat at Leeds United on 12 October 1968. He had been booked for fouling Billy Bremner and was dismissed by the referee for dissent. His third goal of the season came in a 4–3 win over Queens Park Rangers on 2 November 1968.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp made his first appearance of the 1969–70 season on 9 August 1969 in a 1–0 home win over Newcastle United, while his first goal of the season came in a 3–0 home win over Sheffield Wednesday on 2 September 1969. Redknapp made 26 total appearances and scored one goal; 23 of his appearances came in the league.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: During the 1970–71 season, Redknapp made 21 league appearances with one more coming in the League Cup. He then made a further 35 appearances during the 1971–72 season with 22 of them coming in the league. This would be his last season at the club before he moved to AFC Bournemouth for the 1972–73 season. He made 175 total appearances in both league and cup action for West Ham, scoring eight times over seven seasons.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp joined Division 3 AFC Bournemouth in 1972 from West Ham. He spent four seasons with the south coast side between 1972 and 1976.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In the 1972–73 season, Redknapp made 37 appearances with 34 of them coming in the league scoring once in the league and Bournemouth finished seventh in the league. He made a further 46 appearances scoring five times during the 1973–74 season with 39 appearances in the league.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp made 19 (all league) appearances during the 1974–75 season as Bournemouth were relegated to the Fourth Division. In 1975–76, he only managed nine appearances. At the end of the 1975–76 season, he moved to then Fourth Division side Brentford, where he made one appearance during the 1976–77 season.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In 1976, Redknapp joined North American Soccer League (NASL) club Seattle Sounders as a player-coach. He made 15 appearances during the 1976 season as they reached the playoffs after finishing second in the Pacific Conference, Western Division, before losing to the Minnesota Kicks in the Division Championship. Before returning to Seattle, he appeared briefly for AP Leamington in the Southern League Premier Division. Redknapp then made five appearances during the 1977 season as they finished third in the Pacific Conference, Western Division, before losing out in Soccer Bowl '77 to Pelé's New York Cosmos, 2–1.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp went on to make three appearances in the 1978 season and just the one in the 1979 season, before joining up with old teammate and 1966 World Cup-winning captain Bobby Moore.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In 1980 he was contracted to play with ASL expansion team the Phoenix Fire, but the team folded in pre-season.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp represented England at youth level when he was 17. He was in the side that won the 1964 UEFA European Under-18 Championship after defeating Spain 4–0 in the final.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp began his management career as player-assistant manager of NASL club Seattle Sounders from 1976 to 1979 under Jimmy Gabriel. During his time with Seattle, Redknapp made 24 appearances, helping the side to second place in the Pacific Conference, Western Division, in his first season as player-coach, and then to third place in the Pacific Conference, Western Division, for the 1977 season, taking them to the final of the Soccer Bowl before losing to Pelé's New York Cosmos.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: During the 1978 season, Redknapp helped Seattle to a third-place finish in the National Conference, Western Division, before they lost in the first round of the playoffs, again to the New York Cosmos. In his final year in Seattle, he helped them to another third-place finish in the National Conference, Western Division, but this time they failed to qualify for the playoffs.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: At the beginning of the 1982–83 season, Redknapp took up his first major coaching role as assistant manager to David Webb at AFC Bournemouth, six years after leaving the club as a player. Redknapp applied for the manager's job when Webb moved to Torquay United partway through that season, but was overlooked in favour of Don Megson. Megson was sacked in late 1983 as Bournemouth were in the Third Division relegation places, and Redknapp was hired as his replacement in October 1983.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In his first season at the helm, Redknapp helped Bournemouth avoid relegation to the Fourth Division. Bournemouth also caused a shock in the FA Cup when they defeated holders Manchester United 2–0 in the third round. He led Bournemouth to victory in the inaugural Associate Members' Cup by beating Hull City in the final. Bournemouth won the Third Division title in 1987 with 97 points, breaking the club's record for the most points accumulated in a season.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: After two years at this level, Bournemouth were relegated at the end of their third season. Bournemouth were in 13th position on 3 March, but injuries which depleted the squad, combined with a catastrophic loss of form, meant they won only one more match that season, and were relegated on 5 May after a 1–0 defeat at Dean Court against Leeds United.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In June 1990, while in Italy to watch the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Redknapp was involved in a road accident along with Michael Sinclair, the chairman of York City, Fred Whitehouse, the chairman of Aston Villa, and Bournemouth's managing director, Brian Tiler. Travelling through Latina, south of Rome, at night, their chauffeur-driven minibus was in a head-on collision with a car containing three Italian soldiers. The minibus was flipped onto its roof and skidded 50 yards along the road. Sitting in the seat where Redknapp had usually sat during the trip, Tiler was killed, as were the three occupants of the other vehicle. Redknapp was doused in petrol and pulled clear of the accident by Sinclair. Redknapp suffered a fractured skull, a broken nose, cracked ribs and a gash in his left leg. Ambulance services arriving at the scene believed him dead and placed a blanket over his head. Unconscious for two days, Redknapp was flown home two weeks later in a special air ambulance paid for by Bournemouth. Though he made a full recovery, apart from losing his sense of smell and gaining a facial tic, he eventually quit Bournemouth at the end of the 1991–92 season.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: For the next season, Redknapp was appointed assistant manager to Billy Bonds at West Ham, another of his former clubs. However, in August 1994, the club board of directors opted to turn control of the team over to Redknapp and move Bonds into an administrative role. Bonds eventually resigned outright from the club, leaving Redknapp solely in charge.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Just months before being promoted to the manager's seat at Upton Park, Redknapp was linked with the managerial vacancy at Southampton after the departure of previous manager Ian Branfoot, but the job went to Alan Ball instead.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp helped to establish the club in the FA Premier League and introduced a number of young players from the club's academy, including Michael Carrick, Joe Cole, Rio Ferdinand and Frank Lampard. The signings of Stuart Pearce, Paolo Di Canio and Trevor Sinclair helped them re-establish their careers having been signed by Redknapp. He also made mistakes in the transfer market, particularly with overseas players, including Marco Boogers, Florin Raducioiu and Paulo Futre.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Nevertheless, West Ham finished in eighth position in 1998 and fifth in 1999, which saw them qualify for the UEFA Intertoto Cup in what was their second-best ever season in the top division. In the 1999–2000 season, West Ham won the Intertoto Cup and qualified for the UEFA Cup but failed to match their performances in the Premier League. Redknapp left West Ham on 9 May 2001, one match before the end of the 2000–01 season. For some time, it was unconfirmed whether he resigned or was sacked but Redknapp shed new light on the true circumstances in October 2007:


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp became director of football for Portsmouth in 2001, and when the Leicester City manager's job became vacant with the dismissal of Peter Taylor that autumn, Redknapp was widely tipped to take over at the East Midlands club, but stayed loyal to "Pompey", with the Leicester job going to Dave Bassett. Ironically, it was reported in the national media that had Redknapp taken over, Bassett would have been on his coaching staff at the East Midlands club.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: However, after the club's poor form, he replaced manager Graham Rix in March 2002. Redknapp managed the club to the Division One title in the 2002–03 season, gaining promotion to the Premier League, replacing his former club West Ham.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp kept Portsmouth in the Premier League in the 2003–04 season, but had a dispute with Portsmouth owner Milan Mandarić over his assistant Jim Smith. Redknapp had another disagreement with Mandarić over the appointment of Velimir Zajec as director of football and resigned as manager in November 2004.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: A few weeks after his departure at Portsmouth, Redknapp became manager of Southampton, a move which infuriated Portsmouth's supporters, as the two clubs are fierce local rivals. Some fans even bore T-shirts which referred to Redknapp as "Scummer" and "Judas" and called for him to "Rot in Hell".


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp was tasked with keeping Southampton in the Premier League – a similar task to the one Redknapp was facing with Portsmouth, and a familiar one at the club over the previous 15 years, which he would have faced had he accepted the offer to take over a decade earlier – but ultimately was unable to achieve this, ending Southampton's 27-year spell in the top flight. Redknapp remained in charge for the 2005–06 Championship season but was unable to establish consistency needed to make Southampton promotion contenders. Redknapp was also unhappy with chairman Rupert Lowe's appointment of Clive Woodward to the club's coaching staff. After being repeatedly linked with a return to Portsmouth after they sacked Alain Perrin, Redknapp resigned as Southampton's manager in early December 2005. Lowe quoted Redknapp as referring to Portsmouth as his "spiritual home".


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp returned to Portsmouth on 7 December 2005 with the club threatened by relegation to the Championship, although not in the relegation zone. At first it looked like Redknapp would be heading for a second successive relegation, but a fine run of form at the end of the season, aided by the takeover of Portsmouth by Alexandre Gaydamak (which provided Redknapp with more money), ensured Portsmouth's survival. In the following season, Redknapp led Portsmouth to a ninth-placed finish which was the club's highest league finish since the 1950s. In October 2007, Redknapp signed a new contract at Portsmouth lasting until 2011.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In January 2008, it emerged through the media that Redknapp was offered the vacant manager's job at Newcastle United following the sacking of Sam Allardyce. Redknapp had apparently declined the job, stating, "I have a job to do to take this club forward and to walk away would not have been the right thing to do." It was later stated by Newcastle chairman Christopher Mort that Redknapp "was interviewed for the job but he was only one of a number of people we were speaking to at that time", and at the time of Redknapp's interview the club had already been in secret talks with the eventual appointee, Kevin Keegan, for a week.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 8 March 2008, Redknapp led Portsmouth to an FA Cup quarter-final victory over Manchester United, completing a hat-trick of FA Cup wins over Manchester United, and followed this with a semi-final victory over West Bromwich Albion at Wembley Stadium on 5 April. He guided the club to their first FA Cup Final in 69 years, where they defeated Cardiff City on 17 May 2008 to win The FA Cup 1–0, thanks to a goal scored by Nwankwo Kanu. He is the last English manager to win a major English trophy.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp returned to Portsmouth to receive the Freedom of the City in a ceremony on 28 October 2008. As this event took place two days after his departure for Tottenham Hotspur, he received a mixed reception from the Portsmouth fans, despite having led the club to a long-awaited trophy in the 2008 FA Cup.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In October 2008, following the sacking of Juande Ramos by Tottenham Hotspur, the club announced Redknapp had agreed to take over as the new manager at Spurs, the club where he began his playing career. Tottenham paid £5 million in compensation to Portsmouth for releasing Redknapp. Spurs had secured only two points from the first eight matches of the season prior to Redknapp's arrival and lay bottom of the Premier League table, but in his first two weeks in charge, he took the club out of the relegation zone, winning 10 out of the 12 points available after wins against Bolton Wanderers, Liverpool and Manchester City, as well as a remarkable 4–4 draw against North London rivals Arsenal.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In January 2009, Redknapp signed five new players in order to add quality and much-needed depth to his squad. He brought back Jermain Defoe from his old club Portsmouth for £15.75 million and Honduran midfielder Wilson Palacios from Wigan Athletic for £12 million. Long-serving Chelsea goalkeeper Carlo Cudicini also joined on a free transfer; former Spurs player Pascal Chimbonda returned to White Hart Lane from Sunderland for a fee in the region of £3 million; and Robbie Keane, who like Chimbonda and Defoe had only left Spurs within the last year, re-joined after an unsuccessful spell at Liverpool for an initial fee of £12 million.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In the second half of the season, Spurs gradually moved up the league table after a significant improvement in form. In March 2009, Redknapp led Spurs to the League Cup final, which they lost on penalties to Manchester United. Spurs eventually finished in eighth position with 51 points, narrowly missing out on a UEFA Europa League place.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp made significant alterations to the squad in the summer of 2009. Striker Darren Bent was sold to Sunderland for an initial fee of £10 million, while midfielder Didier Zokora departed for Sevilla for £7.75 million. In came England international striker Peter Crouch and Croatia midfielder Niko Kranjčar from Portsmouth for £9 million and £2 million respectively along with defender Sébastien Bassong from Newcastle United for £8 million.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In 2009–10, his first full campaign with the club, Redknapp guided Spurs to one of their most successful Premier League campaigns to date. Beginning with four consecutive wins, Spurs went on to finish in fourth place with 70 points, therefore gaining the chance to qualify for the UEFA Champions League via a play-off. As a result of his efforts, he won the Premier League Manager of the Year award, only the second manager to do so in a season when his side did not win the title.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 13 July 2010, it was confirmed Spurs had extended Redknapp's contract until the end of the 2013 season.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 25 August 2010, Spurs confirmed their position in the Champions League group stage by overturning a first-leg deficit to defeat Swiss team Young Boys at White Hart Lane in the Champions League play-off. After a surprising run to the quarter-finals, Spurs were eliminated in April 2011 after a 5–0 aggregate defeat to Real Madrid. Spurs ended the Premier League season in fifth position with 62 points. Although not enough to secure a second year of Champions League football, this finish instead meant that Redknapp's Spurs qualified for the Europa League.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In the 2011–12 season, Redknapp signed 40-year-old goalkeeper Brad Friedel after his contract expired with Aston Villa. He also made a season-long loan move for Manchester City striker Emmanuel Adebayor. On transfer deadline day, he signed English midfielder Scott Parker for an undisclosed fee from West Ham. Redknapp then went on to win the Premier League Manager of the Month award for September and November.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Despite leading Tottenham to their second fourth-placed finish in three years and missing out on UEFA Champions League qualification only due to Chelsea winning the competition, Redknapp was sacked by Tottenham on 13 June 2012, after reportedly failing to agree terms on a new contract.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 24 November 2012, Redknapp, who had been working at former club Bournemouth in an advisory role, was appointed as manager of Queens Park Rangers, taking over from Mark Hughes, whose contract was terminated the previous day. QPR were bottom with only four points from 12 matches. His first match in charge of QPR came on 27 November, a 0–0 draw away to Sunderland. Redknapp earned his first win as QPR manager, and the club's first Premier League victory of the 2012–13 season, on 15 December after defeating Fulham 2–1 at Loftus Road.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 2 January 2013, Redknapp led QPR to a 1–0 victory away from home against reigning European champions Chelsea. This was QPR's first away win in the Premier League since November 2011 and their first top flight victory at Stamford Bridge since March 1979. His first match against Tottenham since being sacked by the North London club came on 12 January 2013, with Redknapp leading QPR to a 0–0 draw at Loftus Road.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 28 April 2013, after a 0–0 draw against fellow relegation rivals Reading, and with three matches of the season to play, QPR were relegated from the Premier League to the Championship after two seasons in the top flight. After a single season in the Championship, Redknapp managed QPR to a 1–0 victory in the Play-off Final against Derby County on 24 May 2014 at Wembley Stadium, returning the club to the Premier League. On 3 February 2015, Redknapp resigned as manager of QPR. With an imminent knee operation, Redknapp said that he could not give 100% to the job and that it would be better for someone else to take over as manager. Les Ferdinand and Chris Ramsey were placed in temporary charge. In April 2015, Redknapp expanded on his reasons for leaving QPR, stating he had also left the club because he "no longer knew who was on my side". At his time of departure, QPR were in second-last position in the Premier League with 19 points from 23 matches and a record zero points from away matches.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In March 2016, Redknapp was appointed manager of Jordan national team alongside his former assistant, Kevin Bond, for the country's next two qualifying matches for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Redknapp's first match as Jordan manager, on 24 March, ended in an 8–0 win over Bangladesh. This was followed by a 5–1 defeat to Australia.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 18 April 2017, Redknapp was announced as the manager of Birmingham City until the end of the season after the resignation of Gianfranco Zola. His first match in charge was a 1–0 loss to local rivals Aston Villa. The final two matches of the season saw Redknapp's team beat Huddersfield Town 2–0, followed by a 1–0 away win at Bristol City, allowing Birmingham to escape any threat of relegation.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In May 2017, Redknapp signed a one-year deal to continue as Birmingham manager for another season. Kevin Bond was reunited with Redknapp as assistant manager, replacing the outgoing Steve Cotterill. His first signings were David Stockdale, Marc Roberts and Cheikh N'Doye.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 16 September 2017, after five straight league defeats that left the team second bottom in the table, a statement from Birmingham City said the club were "left with no choice but to terminate the contract of the manager with immediate effect". After his sacking, Redknapp said that there was "every chance" his role as Birmingham manager would be his last managerial job. A month later, Redknapp confirmed his retirement from management after 34 years in the dugout.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In January 2016, Redknapp made a return to football as a director at Wimborne Town. In March 2016, he was named as a football advisor for Derby County until the end of the 2015–16 season.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 29 April 2016, it was announced that Redknapp was to join Australian side Central Coast Mariners as a football consultant.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In October 2017, following his departure from Birmingham City, Redknapp briefly joined League Two club Yeovil Town in a voluntary advisory role to manager Darren Way.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 8 February 2021, Redknapp returned to Bournemouth to advise caretaker manager Jonathan Woodgate, though was not officially involved.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 9 July 2021, Redknapp made a small cameo appearance in the popular British soap opera, East Enders.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 19 September 2006, Redknapp was shown on camera by BBC "Panorama" taking part in what appeared to be an interest in approaching a player in a manner forbidden by FA rules. Redknapp denied that his conversation about then-Blackburn Rovers player Andy Todd with the football agent Peter Harrison amounted to "tapping up" or improperly approaching the player. Redknapp referred to Todd as a "tough bastard" during the conversation and suggested he would be interested in signing the player on a full-time basis if he was available. Redknapp told the BBC he has never taken a bung and had given Kevin Bond no reason to think otherwise and that he considers himself to be "one million percent innocent".


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In the final report of the Stevens inquiry, published in June 2007, the only criticism of Redknapp concerned his ownership of a racehorse named Double Fantasy thought to have been given to him by the agent Willie McKay, which has aroused some suspicion. Redknapp told the inquiry it was possible he did own the horse but insisted he had not made any money out of it because the horse was a failure and never won a race.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: On 28 November 2007, Redknapp, along with Portsmouth's managing director Peter Storrie, former Portsmouth chairman Milan Mandarić, agent Willie McKay and footballer Amdy Faye had been arrested by City of London Police on suspicion of conspiracy to defraud and false accounting. Redknapp was later released without charge and announced his intention to sue the police because of his arrest, considering it as the reason for the failure of the FA to consider him for manager of the England national team after the sacking of Steve McClaren. The High Court ruled in May 2008 that the raid by City of London Police officers, on Redknapp's home in Poole, was illegal and quashed the search warrants, calling their actions "wholly unacceptable" and ordering them to pay £1,000 damages to Redknapp as well as part of his legal costs.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Following further investigation by HM Revenue & Customs as part of the corruption enquiry, in January 2010, Redknapp was charged with two counts of cheating the public revenue, along with Milan Mandarić. The charge related to a £189,000 payment from Mandarić to Redknapp via a bank account in Monaco. The trial began at Southwark Crown Court on 23 January 2012. Part of Redknapp's defence was that he was both dyscalculic and dyslexic and therefore had difficulty in dealing with transfer contracts. He was found not guilty on both counts on 8 February 2012.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp's acquittal came just hours before the resignation of England national team head coach Fabio Capello. Two days later, he refused to rule himself out of the running for the job, but said it would be very difficult to combine the role with his then position as Tottenham manager. A few weeks later, the FA appointed Roy Hodgson as manager.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp and his wife Sandra have two sons: Jamie, a football pundit and former professional footballer; and Mark, a model. Jamie made his professional debut under his father at Bournemouth in 1990 before moving on to Liverpool and later Tottenham Hotspur and lastly Southampton before retiring in 2005. Harry's grandson via his son Mark, also called Harry Redknapp, signed for Bournemouth during May 2014. His nephew is former England midfielder Frank Lampard, Jr. whose parents are Sandra's late twin sister, Patricia, and Harry's former teammate and managerial assistant Frank Lampard, Sr.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp and his wife are the fundraising presidents for the Southampton-based charity Leukaemia Busters, a role they took over in 2004 previously held by former cricketer David Gower and his wife Thorunn.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp and his wife also own a property development company, Pierfront Developments. In August 2011, it was announced that a housing development their company was building in Southsea, Hampshire, would go ahead without affordable housing. The £600,000 they offered to the council to build affordable homes elsewhere, was accepted by the council. Opponents of the scheme estimated this will only be enough to build eight homes instead of the 28 that council policy says they should be building in this development. In October 2019, planning permission was granted for the company to convert a homeless shelter in Bournemouth into flats, despite pleas from residents who told planning authorities that the development would exacerbate homelessness and put their welfare at risk.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In January 2011, Redknapp was mugged while attending a football match in Madrid. On 2 November 2011, he had an operation to unblock coronary arteries. Redknapp wrote for the online gambling company, Betfair, as its "Euro 2012 columnist".


title: Harry Redknapp

text: In 1998 Redknapp published his autobiography, "Harry Redknapp: My Autobiography". It was co-written with Derek McGovern. His second autobiography, "Always Managing", was published in 2013. It was ghostwritten by journalist Martin Samuel.


title: Harry Redknapp

text: Redknapp was a contestant in the 2018 series of "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!" He subsequently won the show, and was crowned 'King of the Jungle'.


title: RCA

text: The RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919. It was initially a patent trust owned by General Electric (GE), Westinghouse, AT&T Corporation and United Fruit Company. In 1932, RCA became an independent company after the partners were required to divest their ownership as part of the settlement of a government antitrust suit.


title: RCA

text: An innovative and progressive company, RCA was the dominant electronics and communications firm in the United States for over five decades. RCA was at the forefront of the mushrooming radio industry in the early 1920s, as a major manufacturer of radio receivers, and the exclusive manufacturer of the first superheterodyne sets. RCA also created the first nationwide American radio network, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The company was also a pioneer in the introduction and development of television, both black and white and especially color television. During this period, RCA was closely identified with the leadership of David Sarnoff. He became general manager at the company's founding, served as president from 1930 to 1965, and remained active as chairman of the board until the end of 1969.


title: RCA

text: During the 1970s, RCA's seemingly impregnable stature as America's leader in technology, innovation and home entertainment began to weaken as it attempted to expand from its main focus of the development and marketing of consumer electronics and communications into a diversified multinational conglomerate. Additionally, the company began to face increasing competition in the US from international electronics firms such as Sony, Philips and Mitsubishi. RCA suffered enormous financial losses in the mainframe computer industry and other failed projects such as the CED videodisc. Though the company was rebounding by the mid-1980s, RCA never regained its former eminence and was reacquired by General Electric in 1986; over the next few years, GE liquidated most of the corporation's assets. Today, RCA exists as a brand name only; the various RCA trademarks are currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment and Technicolor, which in turn license the RCA brand name and trademarks to several other companies, including Voxx International, Curtis International, AVC Multimedia, TCL Corporation and Express LUCK International, Ltd. for their various products.


title: RCA

text: RCA originated as a reorganization of the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America (commonly called "American Marconi"). In 1897, the Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company, Limited, was founded in London to promote the radio (then known as "wireless telegraphy") inventions of Guglielmo Marconi. As part of worldwide expansion, in 1899 American Marconi was organized as a subsidiary company, holding the rights to use the Marconi patents in the United States and Cuba. In 1912 it took over the assets of the bankrupt United Wireless Telegraph Company, and from that point forward it became the dominant radio communications company in the United States.


title: RCA

text: When the United States entered World War I in April 1917, the government took control of most civilian radio stations in order to use them for the war effort. Although the government planned to restore civilian ownership of the radio stations once the war ended, many United States Navy officials hoped to retain a monopoly on radio communication even after the war. Contrary to instructions it had received, the Navy began purchasing large numbers of radio stations. When the war ended, Congress rejected the Navy's efforts to have peacetime control of the radio industry and instructed that the Navy return the stations it had taken control of to the original owners.


title: RCA

text: Due to national security considerations, the Navy was particularly concerned about returning high-powered international stations to American Marconi, since the majority of its stock was in foreign hands, and the British already largely controlled the international undersea cables. This concern was increased by the announcement in late 1918 of the formation of the Pan-American Wireless Telegraph and Telephone Company, a joint venture between American Marconi and the Federal Telegraph Company, with plans to set up service between the United States and South America.


title: RCA

text: The Navy had installed a high-powered Alexanderson alternator, built by General Electric (GE), at the American Marconi transmitter site in New Brunswick, New Jersey. It proved to be superior for transatlantic transmissions to the Spark-gap transmitters that had been traditionally used by the Marconi companies. Marconi officials were so impressed by the capabilities of the Alexanderson alternators that they began making preparations to adopt them as their standard transmitters for international communication. A tentative plan made with General Electric proposed that over a two-year period the Marconi companies would purchase most of GE's alternator production. However, the U.S. Navy objected to the plan, fearing British domination in international radio communications and the national security concerns this raised.


title: RCA

text: The Navy, claiming support from President Wilson, looked for an alternative that would result in an "all-American" company taking over the American Marconi assets. In April 1919 two naval officers, Admiral H. G. Bullard and Commander S. C. Hooper, met with GE president, Owen D. Young and requested he suspend the pending alternator sales to the Marconi companies. This move would leave General Electric without a buyer for its transmitters, so the officers proposed that GE purchase American Marconi, and use the assets to form its own radio communications subsidiary. Young consented to this proposal, which, effective November 20, 1919, transformed American Marconi into the Radio Corporation of America. The decision to form the new company was promoted as a patriotic gesture. The corporate officers were required to be citizens of the United States and a majority of the company stock needed to be held by U.S. citizens.