title: Delusion

text: Persecutory delusions are a condition in which the affected person wrongly believes that they are being persecuted. Specifically, they have been defined as containing two central elements: The individual thinks that:


title: Delusion

text: According to the "DSM-IV-TR", persecutory delusions are the most common form of delusions in schizophrenia, where the person believes they are "being tormented, followed, sabotaged, tricked, spied on, or ridiculed". In the "DSM-IV-TR", persecutory delusions are the main feature of the persecutory type of delusional disorder. When the focus is to remedy some injustice by legal action, they are sometimes called "querulous paranoia".


title: Delusion

text: Explaining the causes of delusions continues to be challenging and several theories have been developed. One is the genetic or biological theory, which states that close relatives of people with delusional disorder are at increased risk of delusional traits. Another theory is the dysfunctional cognitive processing, which states that delusions may arise from distorted ways people have of explaining life to themselves. A third theory is called motivated or defensive delusions. This one states that some of those persons who are predisposed might experience the onset of delusional disorder in those moments when coping with life and maintaining high self-esteem becomes a significant challenge. In this case, the person views others as the cause of their personal difficulties in order to preserve a positive self-view.


title: Delusion

text: This condition is more common among people who have poor hearing or sight. Also, ongoing stressors have been associated with a higher possibility of developing delusions. Examples of such stressors are immigration, low socioeconomic status, and even possibly the accumulation of smaller daily hassles.


title: Delusion

text: The top two factors mainly concerned in the germination of delusions are disorder of brain functioning and background influences of temperament and personality.


title: Delusion

text: Higher levels of dopamine qualify as a symptom of disorders of brain function. That they are needed to sustain certain delusions was examined by a preliminary study on delusional disorder (a psychotic syndrome) instigated to clarify if schizophrenia had a dopamine psychosis. There were positive results - delusions of jealousy and persecution had different levels of dopamine metabolite HVA and homovanillyl alcohol (which may have been genetic). These can be only regarded as tentative results; the study called for future research with a larger population.


title: Delusion

text: It is simplistic to say that a certain measure of dopamine will bring about a specific delusion. Studies show age and gender to be influential and it is most likely that HVA levels change during the life course of some syndromes.


title: Delusion

text: On the influence of personality, it has been said: "Jaspers considered there is a subtle change in personality due to the illness itself; and this creates the condition for the development of the delusional atmosphere in which the delusional intuition arises."


title: Delusion

text: Cultural factors have "a decisive influence in shaping delusions". For example, delusions of guilt and punishment are frequent in a Western, Christian country like Austria, but not in Pakistan, where it is more likely persecution. Similarly, in a series of case studies, delusions of guilt and punishment were found in Austrian patients with Parkinson's being treated with l-dopa, a dopamine agonist.


title: Delusion

text: The two-factor model of delusions posits that dysfunction in both belief formation systems and belief evaluation systems are necessary for delusions. Dysfunction in evaluations systems localized to the right lateral prefrontal cortex, regardless of delusion content, is supported by neuroimaging studies and is congruent with its role in conflict monitoring in healthy persons. Abnormal activation and reduced volume is seen in people with delusions, as well as in disorders associated with delusions such as frontotemporal dementia, psychosis and Lewy body dementia. Furthermore, lesions to this region are associated with "jumping to conclusions", damage to this region is associated with post-stroke delusions, and hypometabolism this region associated with caudate strokes presenting with delusions.


title: Delusion

text: The aberrant salience model suggests that delusions are a result of people assigning excessive importance to irrelevant stimuli. In support of this hypothesis, regions normally associated with the salience network demonstrate reduced grey matter in people with delusions, and the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is widely implicated in salience processing, is also widely implicated in psychotic disorders.


title: Delusion

text: Specific regions have been associated with specific types of delusions. The volume of the hippocampus and parahippocampus is related to paranoid delusions in Alzheimer's disease, and has been reported to be abnormal post mortem in one person with delusions. Capgras delusions have been associated with occipito-temporal damage and may be related to failure to elicit normal emotions or memories in response to faces.


title: Delusion

text: The modern definition and Jaspers' original criteria have been criticised, as counter-examples can be shown for every defining feature.


title: Delusion

text: Studies on psychiatric patients show that delusions vary in intensity and conviction over time, which suggests that certainty and incorrigibility are not necessary components of a delusional belief.


title: Delusion

text: Delusions do not necessarily have to be false or 'incorrect inferences about external reality'. Some religious or spiritual beliefs by their nature may not be falsifiable, and hence cannot be described as false or incorrect, no matter whether the person holding these beliefs was diagnosed as delusional or not.


title: Delusion

text: In other situations the delusion may turn out to be true belief. For example, in delusional jealousy, where a person believes that their partner is being unfaithful (and may even follow them into the bathroom believing them to be seeing their lover even during the briefest of partings), it may actually be true that the partner is having sexual relations with another person. In this case, the delusion does not cease to be a delusion because the content later turns out to be verified as true or the partner actually chose to engage in the behavior of which they were being accused.


title: Delusion

text: In other cases, the belief may be mistakenly assumed to be false by a doctor or psychiatrist assessing it, just because it "seems" to be unlikely, bizarre or held with excessive conviction. Psychiatrists rarely have the time or resources to check the validity of a person's claims leading to some true beliefs to be erroneously classified as delusional. This is known as the Martha Mitchell effect, after the wife of the attorney general who alleged that illegal activity was taking place in the White House. At the time, her claims were thought to be signs of mental illness, and only after the Watergate scandal broke was she proved right (and hence sane).


title: Delusion

text: Similar factors have led to criticisms of Jaspers' definition of true delusions as being ultimately 'un-understandable'. Critics (such as R. D. Laing) have argued that this leads to the diagnosis of delusions being based on the subjective understanding of a particular psychiatrist, who may not have access to all the information that might make a belief otherwise interpretable. R. D. Laing's hypothesis has been applied to some forms of projective therapy to "fix" a delusional system so that it cannot be altered by the patient. Psychiatric researchers at Yale University, Ohio State University and the Community Mental Health Center of Middle Georgia have used novels and motion picture films as the focus. Texts, plots and cinematography are discussed and the delusions approached tangentially. This use of fiction to decrease the malleability of a delusion was employed in a joint project by science-fiction author Philip Jose Farmer and Yale psychiatrist A. James Giannini. They wrote the novel "Red Orc's Rage", which, recursively, deals with delusional adolescents who are treated with a form of projective therapy. In this novel's fictional setting other novels written by Farmer are discussed and the characters are symbolically integrated into the delusions of fictional patients. This particular novel was then applied to real-life clinical settings.


title: Delusion

text: Another difficulty with the diagnosis of delusions is that almost all of these features can be found in "normal" beliefs. Many religious beliefs hold exactly the same features, yet are not universally considered delusional. For instance, if a person was holding a true belief then they will of course persist with it. This can cause the disorder to be misdiagnosed by psychiatrists. These factors have led the psychiatrist Anthony David to note that "there is no acceptable (rather than accepted) definition of a delusion." In practice, psychiatrists tend to diagnose a belief as delusional if it is either patently bizarre, causing significant distress, or excessively pre-occupying the patient, especially if the person is subsequently unswayed in belief by counter-evidence or reasonable arguments.


title: Delusion

text: Joseph Pierre, M.D. states that one factor that helps differentiate delusions from other kinds of beliefs is that anomalous subjective experiences are often used to justify delusional beliefs. While idiosyncratic and self-referential content often make delusions impossible to share with others, Dr. Pierre suggests that it may be more helpful to emphasize the level of conviction, preoccupation, and extension of a belief rather than the content of the belief when considering whether a belief is delusional.


title: Delusion

text: It is important to distinguish true delusions from other symptoms such as anxiety, fear, or paranoia. To diagnose delusions a mental state examination may be used. This test includes appearance, mood, affect, behavior, rate and continuity of speech, evidence of hallucinations or abnormal beliefs, thought content, orientation to time, place and person, attention and concentration, insight and judgment, as well as short-term memory.


title: Delusion

text: Johnson-Laird suggests that delusions may be viewed as the natural consequence of failure to distinguish conceptual relevance. That is, irrelevant information would be framed as disconnected experiences, then it is taken to be relevant in a manner that suggests false causal connections. Furthermore, relevant information would be ignored as counterexamples.


title: Delusion

text: Although non-specific concepts of madness have been around for several thousand years, the psychiatrist and philosopher Karl Jaspers was the first to define the four main criteria for a belief to be considered delusional in his 1913 book "General Psychopathology". These criteria are:


title: Delusion

text: Furthermore, when beliefs involve value judgments, only those which cannot be proven true are considered delusions. For example: a man claiming that he flew into the Sun and flew back home. This would be considered a delusion, unless he were speaking figuratively, or if the belief had a cultural or religious source. Only the first three criteria remain cornerstornes of the current definition of a delusion in the DSM-5.


title: Delusion

text: Robert Trivers writes that delusion is a discrepancy in relation to objective reality, but with a firm conviction in reality of delusional ideas, which is manifested in the "affective basis of delusion."


title: Delusion

text: Delusions and other positive symptoms of psychosis are often treated with antipsychotic medication, which exert a medium effect size according to meta-analytic evidence. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) improves delusions relative to control conditions according to a meta-analysis. A meta-analysis of 43 studies reported that metacognitive training (MCT) reduces delusions at a medium to large effect size relative to control conditions.


title: Delusion

text: Some psychiatrists criticize the practice of defining one and the same belief as normal in one culture and pathological in another culture for cultural essentialism. They argue that it is not justified to assume that culture can be simplified to a few traceable, distinguishable and statistically quantifiable factors and that everything outside those factors must be biological since cultural influences are mixed, including not only parents and teachers but also peers, friends, and media, and the same cultural influence can have different effects depending on earlier cultural influences. Other critical psychiatrists argue that just because a person's belief is unshaken by one influence does not prove that it would remain unshaken by another. For example, a person whose beliefs are not changed by verbal correction from a psychiatrist, which is how delusion is usually diagnosed, may still change his or her mind when observing empirical evidence, only that psychiatrists rarely, if ever, present patients with such situations.


title: Delusion

text: Anthropologist David Graeber have criticized psychiatry's assumption that an absurd belief goes from being delusional to "being there for a reason" merely because it is shared by many people by arguing that just as genetic pathogens like viruses can take advantage of an organism without benefitting said organism, memetic phenomena can spread while being harmful to societies, implying that entire societies can become ill. David Graeber argued that if somatic medicine did not have higher scientific standards than psychiatry's way of defining delusion, pandemics like the plague would have been considered to transsubstantiate from an illness to "a phenomenon that benefits the people" as soon as it had spread to a sufficiently large portion of the population. It was argued by Graeber that since deinstitutionalisation made sales of psychiatric medication profitable by no longer needing to spend money on keeping the patients in mental hospitals, corrupt incentives for psychiatry to allege "needs" for treatments


title: Delusion

text: have increased (in particular with regard to medicines that are said to be needed in daily doses, not so much regarding devices that can be kept for longer periods of time) which may itself be a harmful memetic pandemic in society that leads to diagnosing and medication of criticisms of widespread beliefs that are actually absurd and harmful, making the absurd belief that is not labelled as an illness profitable anyway by attracting criticisms that are labelled as illnesses.


title: Jinjer

text: Jinjer ( "ginger") is a Ukrainian metalcore band from Donetsk, formed in 2008. None of the founding members remain with the band. The current lineup considers 2009 as its official year of formation, with the arrival of singer Tatiana Shmailyuk and guitarist Roman Ibramkhalilov. The band has since added bassist Eugene Abdukhanov and drummer Vladislav Ulasevich. Their most recent album, "Wallflowers", was released in August 2021.


title: Jinjer

text: Jinjer was formed in 2008 by singer Maksym Fatullaiev, guitarist Dmitriy Oksen, bassist Oleksiy Svynar, and drummer Vyacheslav Okhrimenko. This lineup released the four-song EP "Objects in Mirror Are Closer than They Appear". In 2009, Fatullaiev was replaced by Tatiana Shmailyuk, and Roman Ibramkhalilov joined on second guitar. In 2011, Oleksiy Svynar was replaced by Eugene Abdukhanov, while Okhrimenko was replaced by Oleksandr Koziychuk.


title: Jinjer

text: This lineup self-released the EP "Inhale, Do Not Breathe" in 2012 and Jinjer began relentlessly touring on their own funds. They were noticed by The Leaders Records in late 2012, and "Inhale, Don't Breathe" was officially re-released in 2013 in an extended format, with three live tracks. The band won the Best Ukrainian Metal Act award held by Kyiv's InshaMuzyka label in 2013 (they would win that award again in 2016).


title: Jinjer

text: Jinjer self-released their first full-length album, "Cloud Factory", in 2014; the record featured another new drummer, Yevhen Mantulin. It would later be picked up and re-released by their current record label, Napalm. Jinjer began touring internationally and personally booked their own shows. The final remaining founding member, Dmitriy Oksen, departed in 2015 and was not replaced, leaving Ibramkhalilov as sole guitarist.


title: Jinjer

text: After several tours around the world, they released their second full-length album, "King of Everything", in 2016, along with the single "Pisces". Dmitriy Kim served as drummer on this album. Videos for "Pisces" and "I Speak Astronomy" became popular on YouTube. In 2021, "Metal Hammer" placed "Pisces" at No. 74 in their list of "The 100 Greatest Metal Songs of the 21st Century". Shortly after the release of "King of Everything", drummer Vladislav Ulasevich joined and the band's lineup has remained stable since.


title: Jinjer

text: In 2017, Jinjer committed to two tours across Europe in support of Arch Enemy, followed by their first tour of North America, alongside Cradle of Filth, in 2018. The band also reissued their 2014 album, "Cloud Factory", on Napalm Records in February 2018. In September of that year, Jinjer landed on the "Billboard" Next Big Sound chart. They released the five-track EP "Micro" in January 2019, followed by tours with Amorphis, Soilwork, and Nailed to Obscurity.


title: Jinjer

text: Their next full-length album, "Macro", was released in October 2019 and featured experiments in reggae and progressive rock. "Loudwire" named it one of the fifty best metal albums of 2019. Jinjer was forced to cancel several tours, including their first in Latin America, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They released the live album "Alive in Melbourne" in November 2020. They then returned to Kaska Record Studios in Kyiv in March 2021, and their fourth full-length album, "Wallflowers", was released on 27 August. "Loudwire" ranked it among the best rock/metal albums of the year again, placing it at #21.


title: Jinjer

text: In March 2022, it was reported that Jinjer had "paused" their career to focus on relief efforts in Ukraine after Russia invaded the country one month prior. In June 2022, Jinjer announced that they received permission from the Ukrainian Ministry of Culture to leave Ukraine and tour as ambassadors of the nation.


title: Jinjer

text: Jinjer have mentioned many influences for their music, including Guano Apes, Slayer, Death, Pantera, Anathema, Lamb of God, Gojira, and Twelve Foot Ninja. While explaining their influences, the band have noted other metal acts like Opeth, Karnivool, and Textures, in addition to groups across the spectrum of R&B, soul, funk, jazz, reggae, and hip-hop, such as Cypress Hill and House of Pain.


title: Jinjer

text: They have been noted for progressive experiments with genres such as R&B, soul, funk, jazz, reggae, and groove metal. Bassist Eugene Abdukhanov has been noted for his use of a five-string bass to supplement the group's sound since Roman Ibramkhalilov became the sole guitarist. The band's more recent releases have featured lyrics addressing the war in Donbas and its effects on their home region of Donetsk.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Geoff James Nugent (born 14 February 1977), known professionally as Jim Jefferies, is an Australian comedian, actor, and writer who holds dual Australian and American citizenship. He created and starred in the American FX sitcom "Legit" (2013–2014) and the Comedy Central late-night show "The Jim Jefferies Show" (2017–2019).


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Jefferies was born Geoff James Nugent in Sydney on 14 February 1977, the son of a mother who worked as a substitute teacher and a father who was a cabinet maker and maintenance worker. His father was from Roma, Queensland. Jefferies grew up in Sydney before moving to Perth to study musical theatre and classical music at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. though he left several months before graduating. He has two older brothers: Scott, an investment banker, and Daniel, an inspector in the New South Wales Police Force's Public Order and Riot Squad.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Jefferies began his stand-up comedy career after dropping out of university, initially returning to his native Sydney before relocating to the United Kingdom. He took the stage name "Jim Jeffries", but amended the last name to "Jefferies" to avoid confusion with a similarly named American performer. He initially began performing stand-up with one-liners. He changed to anecdotal humour when he began doing hour-long sets. He first achieved international attention in 2007, when he was attacked onstage while performing at the Manchester Comedy Festival. Footage of the incident was incorporated into his act and can be seen on his 2008 DVD "Contraband". He became known in the United States in 2009, after the release of his debut HBO special "I Swear to God".


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Jefferies has performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Just for Laughs, Melbourne International Comedy Festival, Reading and Leeds Festivals, and Glastonbury Festival. He has also performed routines on "The World Stands Up", "Comedy Blue" and "Edinburgh and Beyond" for Comedy Central. Following the release of his Netflix special "Freedumb" in July 2016, he began The Unusual Punishment Tour with all-new material, and filmed his new special "This Is Me Now" at the Hammersmith Apollo in London in January 2018. On 17 December 2018, he completed his Night Talker Tour with the final performance in Melbourne.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Jefferies' comedy series "Legit" premiered on 17 January 2013 on FX. A second season premiered on 26 February 2014, having been moved to FXX. The series received positive attention among the disabled community for its portrayal of people with mental and physical disabilities. The series was cancelled after two seasons.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: On 3 March 2017, Comedy Central announced "The Jim Jefferies Show", a new ten-episode weekly series, that premiered on 6 June 2017. Jefferies, hosting the show, takes a look on culture and politics behind his desk, and travels around the world to tackle the week's top stories and most controversial issues. On 25 July 2017, the first season was extended with ten additional episodes, that completed airing on 21 November 2017. On 15 January 2018, Comedy Central renewed the series for a twenty-episode second season, which premiered on 27 March 2018. The network renewed the show for a third season in January 2019, which premiered on 19 March 2019. The series concluded on 19 November 2019, after the end of its third season.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: From November 2010 to November 2012, Jefferies co-hosted the podcast "Jim and Eddie Talkin' Shit" with his fellow comedian and former roommate, Eddie Ifft. Jefferies had to quit because of his busy work schedule.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Jefferies appeared on comedy panel shows such as "Never Mind the Buzzcocks", "Have I Got News for You", "The Heaven and Earth Show" and "8 Out of 10 Cats", the US comedy panel show "The Green Room with Paul Provenza" and Comedy Central's "@midnight". He has also been featured on various radio programmes, including BBC Radio 5 Live's Saturday morning sports show, "Opie and Anthony", and "Fighting Talk".


title: Jim Jefferies

text: In 2015, he starred in Australian film "Me and My Mates vs the Zombie Apocalypse" with comedians Greg Fleet and Alex Williamson. It premiered on 25 July and was released on DVD and Vimeo in Australia and New Zealand in late 2015, and in the UK, Ireland, and the US in 2016.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: In 2019, Jefferies and Suzanne Martin developed the sitcom "Jefferies" for NBC, in which Jefferies will star as a fictionalized version of himself.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Jeffries has hosted the "I Don't Know About That" podcast alongside Kelly Blackheart, Forrest Shaw, and Jack Hackett since May 2020.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Jefferies lives in Studio City, California. He was previously in a relationship with actress Kate Luyben. Their son was born in 2012. He married English actress Tasie Lawrence in September 2020. Their son was born in 2021.


title: Jim Jefferies

text: Jefferies is an atheist. He was diagnosed as autistic at the age of 36. In 2018, he became a naturalized American citizen.


title: David Neres

text: David Neres Campos (; born 3 March 1997) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Portuguese Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Brazil national team.


title: David Neres

text: Neres is a graduate of São Paulo's youth system and was promoted to the first team in 2016. He joined Ajax in January 2017. At Ajax, Neres established himself as one of the best young wingers in Europe, after winning a domestic double and being instrumental part of Ajax's first UEFA Champions League semi-final appearance in 22 years, in a breakthrough 2018–19 season. The following seasons, were marked by continuous injuries resulted in Neres playing a limited amount of games and declining in performances, leading him to move to Ukrainian side Shakhtar Donetsk, and then transferred to Benfica for €15.3 million.


title: David Neres

text: After representing Brazil at various youth levels, Neres was called up to the full international team for the first time in March 2019, and was part of the squad that took part won the 2019 Copa América.


title: David Neres

text: Born in São Paulo, Neres joined São Paulo's youth setup in September 2007, aged ten. In February 2016, after being regularly used in that year's U-20 Copa Libertadores, he suffered a shoulder injury which kept him sidelined for months.


title: David Neres

text: Neres was promoted to the main squad by manager Ricardo Gomes in August 2016. He made his first team – and Série A debut – on 17 October, coming on as a second-half substitute for Robson in a 2–1 away win against Fluminense.


title: David Neres

text: On 22 October 2016 Neres scored his first goal, netting the last in a 2–0 home win against Ponte Preta. Fourteen days later he scored his second goal, netting the second in a 4–0 home routing of local rival Corinthians.


title: David Neres

text: Neres made his debut for Ajax against Heracles Almelo, on 26 February 2017. In that season, he managed to get 3 goals in 8 league matches. He also featured in an Ajax team that went to the UEFA Europa League final that year.


title: David Neres

text: Neres managed to get 14 goals and 13 assists in 32 league matches, making him the most valuable player of Ajax that year, having scored the most goals and assists combined.


title: David Neres

text: Neres himself sees the game against Feyenoord, on 22 October 2017, as his breakthrough, where he racked up three assists in a 4–1 away win.


title: David Neres

text: In his third season, Neres scored his first official European goal against Standard Liège in the second leg of the third qualifying round of the Champions League. In that year, Neres wasn't guaranteed a starting spot up until February. Because of this, there were rumours that Neres wanted to leave. In January, Guangzhou Evergrande made a £36.9 million bid on Neres, but Ajax ultimately refused, because they wanted to keep the team together to win prizes that year and make it far in the UEFA Champions League. In the second leg in the round of 16 of the UEFA Champions League, in a memorable game against Real Madrid, Neres scored the second goal to give Ajax the lead on aggregate, and the Dutch side eventually won a by a margin of 5–3, thus knocking the three-time defending European champions out of the competition.


title: David Neres

text: On 31 March 2019, Neres scored the winning goal and picked up a penalty in the championship clash against PSV, to win 3–1. He also scored an important equaliser against Juventus at home to secure hopes for Ajax's semi-final qualification in the first leg at home.


title: David Neres

text: Neres won his first Eredivisie title as Ajax finished three points ahead of rivals PSV. Neres also won his first KNVB Cup when Ajax won 4–0 against Willem II in the final.


title: David Neres

text: Despite reported interest from the likes of Manchester United and Atlético Madrid, Neres signed a new contract with Ajax on 7 August 2019 that runs through 2023. The deal added a further year to his prior deal that was set to expire in 2022.


title: David Neres

text: At the start of the 2020–21 season, Neres came back after his injury. On November 22, he scored his first goal in more than a year. Since Ajax acquired Mohamed Daramy and Steven Berghuis as wingers at the beginning of the season, competition for Neres increased, as a result of which he was often no longer included in the starting lineup.


title: David Neres

text: On 11 January 2022 it was reported that Neres was sold to Ukrainian Premier League side Shakhtar Donetsk for a reported fee of €15 million, which can potentially run up to €17 million with bonuses. On 14 January, Ajax confirmed that the transfer had been completed. On 24 February 2022 following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a video was shared online of various Brazilian footballers pleading for help from the Brazilian government to help them flee the country. On 1 March 2022 it was reported that the Brazilian players had successfully made it to Romania, from where they travelled home. UEFA president Aleksander Čeferin was personally involved in helping to facilitate the return to safety.


title: David Neres

text: On 20 June 2022, Neres signed a five-year contract with Primeira Liga side Benfica, for a reported fee of €15.3 million. The net cost of the transaction was only €300,000, with both Benfica and Shakthar settling an agreement for the latter's debt, due to the transfer of compatriot and former teammate Pedrinho, which whom Shakthar had only paid €3 million of a total of €18 million.


title: David Neres

text: He made his debut for the club on 2 August, providing two assists to Gonçalo Ramos in the 4–1 home win over Midtjylland in the 1st leg of the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round. On August 23, Neres scored his first goal for the club and provided an assist in the 3–0 home win over Dynamo Kyiv in the 2nd leg of the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League play-off round, helping his side qualify to the tournament. Seven days later, he scored his first Primeira Liga goal in a 3–2 home victory over Paços de Ferreira, reaching six goal contributions in six games.


title: David Neres

text: On 8 March 2019, Neres received his first senior team call-up by coach Tite for the Brazil national football team, replacing an injured Vinícius Júnior, for the friendlies against Panama and the Czech Republic to be held later that month. Neres made his senior team debut against Czech Republic on 26 March 2019, in the 63rd minute as a replacement for Richarlison. In that game, he made an assist and produced a backheel which led to a goal, contributing to two goals in the 3–1 win against Czech Republic.


title: David Neres

text: On 12 July 2020, Neres' girlfriend, German model Kira Winona, gave birth to their first child. Their daughter is named Hope Winona Neres.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: "Okonomiyaki" is mainly associated with two distinct variants from Hiroshima or the Kansai region of Japan, but is widely available throughout the country, with toppings and batters varying by area. The name is derived from the word , meaning "how you like" or "what you like", and , meaning "grilled". It is an example of ( in the Kansai dialect), or flour-based Japanese cuisine.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: A liquid-based "okonomiyaki", popular in Tokyo, is called "monjayaki". Outside of Japan, it can also be found served in Manila, Taipei, Bangkok, and Jakarta by street vendors.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: A thin crêpe-like confection called "" may be an early precursor to "okonomiyaki". Records of the word appear as far back as the 16th century, as written about by tea master Sen no Rikyū, and though the dish's ingredients are unclear, it may have included "fu" (wheat gluten). By the late Edo period (1603–1867), "funoyaki" referred to a thin crêpe baked on a cooking pot, with miso basted on one side. This confection is the ancestor of the modern confections , which is also called in Kyoto and Osaka, and "taiko-yaki" (also known as imagawayaki), which both use , a sweet bean paste.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: In the Meiji era (1868–1912), , a related confection, was popular with children at , shops selling cheap sweets. This was made by drawing letters ("monji") or pictures with flour batter on a "teppan" (iron griddle) and adding ingredients of choice. The confectionary was also called , from the onomatopoeia of the stall sellers beating drums to attract customers.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: The first appearance of the word "okonomiyaki" was at a shop in Osaka in the 1930s. After the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake when people lacked amenities, it became a pastime to cook these crêpes, and after World War II (when there was a short supply of rice) "okonomiyaki" emerged as an inexpensive and filling dish for all ages, often with savory toppings, such as meat, seafood, and vegetables. This ""okonomiyaki" boom" saw household equipment and ingredients for the dish become commercially available. "Monjiyaki" also developed into the related modern dish , which has a more runny batter due to more added water, resulting in a different cooked consistency.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: The "" (cheap Western-style cuisine) of Kyoto, which developed in the Taishō period (1912–1926), may have produced an early form of modern savory "okonomiyaki" in the form of a pancake with Worcestershire sauce and chopped scallion.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: The dish is known for two distinct main variants, one in Kansai and Osaka and one in Hiroshima. Another variety is "hirayachi", a thin and simple type made in Okinawa.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: "Okonomiyaki" in the Kansai or Osaka style is the predominant version of the dish, found throughout most of Japan. The batter is made of flour, grated "nagaimo" (a long type of yam), "dashi" or water, eggs, shredded cabbage, and usually contains other ingredients such as green onion, meat (usually thinly sliced pork belly or American bacon), octopus, squid, shrimp, vegetables, konjac, mochi, or cheese.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: It is sometimes compared to an omelette or a pancake and is sometimes referred to as a "Japanese pizza" or "Osaka soul food". The dish can be prepared in advance, allowing customers to use a "teppan" or special hotplates to fry after mixing the ingredients. They may also have a diner-style counter where the cook prepares the dish in front of the customers.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: It is prepared much like a pancake. The batter and other ingredients are pan-fried on both sides on a teppan using metal spatulas that are later used to cut the dish when it has finished cooking. Cooked "okonomiyaki" is topped with ingredients that include "okonomiyaki" sauce (made with Worcestershire sauce), "aonori" (seaweed flakes), "katsuobushi" (bonito flakes), Japanese mayonnaise, and pickled ginger ("beni shōga").


title: Okonomiyaki

text: When served with a layer of fried noodles (either "yakisoba" or udon), the resulting dish is called , the name of which may be derived from the English word "modern" or as a contraction of , meaning "a lot" or "piled high" signifying the volume of food from having both noodles and "okonomiyaki". is a thinner variation of "okonomiyaki" made with a great deal of scallions, comparable to Korean "pajeon" and Chinese green onion pancakes.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: A variation called "kashimin-yaki" is made of chicken and tallow instead of pork in Kishiwada, Osaka. In Hamamatsu, takuan (pickled daikon) is mixed in okonomiyaki. Stewed sweet kintoki-mame is mixed in okonomiyaki in Tokushima Prefecture.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: In the city of Hiroshima, there are over 2000 okonomiyaki restaurants, and the prefecture has more of those restaurants per capita than any other place in Japan. , a thin pancake topped with green onions and bonito flakes or shrimp, became popular in Hiroshima prior to World War II. After the atomic bombing of the city in August 1945, "issen yōshoku" became a cheap way for the surviving residents to have food to eat. Because the original ingredients were not always easy to obtain, many of the street vendors and shops began making it , using whatever ingredients were available.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: The ingredients are layered rather than mixed. The layers are typically batter, cabbage, pork, and yakisoba. Optional items such as squid, octopus, dried bonito flakes, and other seafood, as well as nori flakes or powder, mung bean sprouts, egg, chicken, cheese, and other ingredients, depending on the preferences of the cook and the customer. Noodles ("yakisoba", udon) are also used as a topping with fried egg and a generous amount of "okonomiyaki" sauce.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: The amount of cabbage used is usually three to four times the amount used in the Osaka style. It starts out piled very high and is pushed down as the cabbage cooks. The order of the layers may vary slightly depending on the chef's style and preference, and ingredients vary depending on the preference of the customer. This style is also called "Hiroshima-yaki" or "Hiroshima-okonomi".


title: Okonomiyaki

text: In and around the Hiroshima area, there are a number of variations on the style. is made with ground meat instead of pork belly in Fuchū, Hiroshima. Oysters ("kaki") are mixed in okonomiyaki to make "kaki-oko" in Hinase, Okayama. On the island of Innoshima, a variety called (or for short) includes udon, bonito flakes, Worcestershire sauce, and vegetables fried with uncooked batter. Together with "Onomichiyaki", in'oko is considered a B-class gourmet food along the Shimanami Kaidō. There is a restaurant in Hiroshima where customers can order jalapeños, tortilla chips, chorizo, and other Latin American items either in—or as a side dish to—okonomiyaki.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: Otafuku, one of the most popular brands of okonomiyaki sauce, is based in Hiroshima and has an okonomiyaki museum and a cooking studio there. Okonomi-mura, in Naka-ku in Hiroshima, was the top food theme park destination for families in Japan according to an April 2004 poll.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: "Hirayachi" ( "hirayaachii") is a thin, very simple Okinawan pancake-like dish similar to buchimgae. It is basically "a savory Okinawan crepe with leeks", and is sometimes called "Okinawan style okonomiyaki". The name means "fry flat" in the Okinawan language.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: People cook it at home, so there are few "okonomiyaki" restaurants in Okinawa, with none of them serving hirayachi. The ingredients consist of eggs, flour, salt, black pepper and green onions, fried with a little oil in a pan.


title: Okonomiyaki

text: The Tsukishima district of Tokyo is popular for both "okonomiyaki" and "monjayaki" (the district's main street is named "Monja Street"). In some areas of Kyoto city, an old-style "okonomiyaki" called "betayaki" (べた焼き) is served. The dish is prepared in layers of thin batter, shredded cabbage and meat, with a fried egg and noodles.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Stokeley Clevon Goulbourne (born April 18, 1996), known professionally as Ski Mask the Slump God (formerly stylized as $ki Mask "The Slump God"), is an American rapper. He initially rose to prominence alongside XXXTentacion and their collective Members Only. In 2017, he released the singles "BabyWipe" and "Catch Me Outside", both of which were featured on his mixtape "You Will Regret" (2017), which was certified Gold by the RIAA.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Goulbourne's mixtape, "Beware the Book of Eli", was released in May 2018 and peaked at No. 50 on the "Billboard" 200 chart. His debut album "Stokeley" (2018) peaked at number 6 on the US "Billboard" 200.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Stokeley Clevon Goulbourne was born on April 18, 1996, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He is of Jamaican descent.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Goulbourne grew up listening to Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott, Wu-Tang Clan, and Lil Wayne, among other artists. He has said that his parents often played Jamaican music around the house. Goulbourne's father—a rapper who used the stage name "Sin City"—would often force his son to focus on writing his own rap music. In 2013, Goulbourne was sent to a juvenile detention center for possession of "around $10 worth of weed", where he met XXXTentacion. The duo became friends and frequently collaborated on songs after being released from detention.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Following Goulbourne's release from detention, he formed the rap group "Very Rare" with XXXTentacion and released his first song "Catch Me" on the streaming service SoundCloud. Goulbourne eventually co-founded XXXTentacion's collective Members Only after the release of "Members Only Vol. 1", a collaboration mixtape with XXXTentacion, in 2015. The mixtape would eventually be followed up with "Members Only, Vol. 2" and then "Members Only, Vol. 3" on June 26, 2017"."


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Goulbourne released multiple singles on the SoundCloud platform including "Catch Me Outside", "Where's the Blow" featuring Lil Pump, "Stunt!" featuring UnoTheActivist, "Life Is Short", "Like a Soccer Mom", "Take a Step Back", and "BabyWipe". Goulbourne has performed twice at the Rolling Loud Festival and has released songs with other artists including Offset, Lil Yachty, A$AP Ferg, Lil Peep, Desiigner, and Denzel Curry. Goulbourne has also collaborated with artists from the 88Rising label including the Higher Brothers and Keith Ape. Goulbourne also worked with Timbaland, who he had previously said was his favorite producer.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: In May 2016, Goulbourne released his first mixtape "Drown in Designer", which included the songs "Take a Step Back", which was later certified Gold, and "Where's the Blow". In June 2017, Goulbourne released his debut commercial mixtape "You Will Regret" under Victor Victor Worldwide and Republic Records.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: In May 2018, Goulbourne released his third mixtape "Beware the Book of Eli", which featured the single "DoIHaveTheSause?". In June that same year, he was named one of "XXL"s "2018 Freshman Class". On November 30, 2018, Goulbourne released his debut studio album, "Stokeley", which includes the songs "Faucet Failure" and "Nuketown" featuring Juice Wrld. The album peaked at number 6 on the "Billboard" 200 chart.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Following the success of "Stokeley", Goulbourne released only one single in 2019, "Carbonated Water". In July 2020, he released the single "Burn the Hoods" alongside a music video on Lyrical Lemonade. Simultaneously, he announced that his second album would release later that year, however the album was never released. Goulbourne has stated that he plans to release more music to the public.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: In May 2021, Goulbourne announced a mixtape titled "Sin City The Mixtape" to be released in June. He released "Sin City" on June 25.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Goulbourne has said that his musical production has been most influenced by Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliot, and Chief Keef. Goulbourne has also stated he does not have any main musical influences; "I listen to every genre: rap, rock, classical, heavy metal...I listen to Adele sometimes too".


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: As of June 2018, Golbourne lives in Atlanta, Georgia. He had a heart condition that required surgery in March 2018.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: In a 2016 interview, Goulbourne signaled support for the legalization of gay marriage. In 2020, Goulbourne expressed distaste for President Donald Trump, comparing him to a white supremacist.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: Goulbourne was close friends with XXXTentacion before they both started rapping. They met in a juvenile center in 2013. Goulbourne said in an interview with Adam22 that he was surprised by X's criminal charges. Whilst in jail, X had taught Goulbourne about different rapping cadences. After the duo were released, they met up with the intention of committing home invasions but instead began releasing music together. The rappers founded the collective Members Only. In 2017, Goulbourne and XXXTentacion embarked on "The Revenge Tour" with Craig Xen. The tour was postponed following the shooting of XXXTentacion's cousin. By late 2017, the two had parted ways and begun working on their own projects. Around this time, it was insinuated that the two were feuding.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: At the Rolling Loud Miami festival in 2018, Goulbourne and XXXTentacion were reunited, reaffirming their friendship. On June 18, 2018, XXXTentacion was murdered; Goulbourne learned of his best friend's death while on Instagram Live and tearfully informed his fans of the rapper's death.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: In early 2018, Goulbourne befriended rising rapper Juice Wrld. The two went on to collaborate on the track "Nuketown", which became Goulbourne's highest charting song on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was announced that the two were working on a mixtape titled "Evil Twins", but the project never released. In 2019, following the release of Juice Wrld's second album, the two embarked on the "Death Race for Love Tour" together along with Cole Bennett of Lyrical Lemonade.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: On December 8, 2019, Juice Wrld died from an opioid-induced seizure. Goulbourne reacted emotionally to the news of the rapper's death. Goulbourne was present at Juice Wrld's funeral later that month.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: The death of his two best friends in a span of eighteen months had a profound impact on Goulbourne. Following XXXTentacion's death, Goulbourne honored him multiple times during his own concerts; Goulbourne met XXXTentacion's son, Gekyume Onfroy, for the first time in person at a show.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: During a concert at The Fonda Theatre, Los Angeles, on April 11, 2017, Goulbourne was pushed off stage and then assaulted by an associate of rapper Rob Stone. The attack was said to be instigated by an ongoing feud between the two rappers, starting when Goulbourne refused to leave the stage during Stone's opening act. Rob Stone was kicked off the remainder of Desiigner's Outlet Tour.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: During a concert on August 10, 2018, in Austin, Texas, Goulbourne asked the crowd for a moment of silence for his murdered friend XXXTentacion. An audience member heckled, "Fuck X, that woman-beating piece of shit!" Goulbourne threatened the audience member and told the rest of the audience to "fuck his ass up", leading to a melee fight. While the crowd was beating the man, Goulbourne played one of XXXTentacion's most popular songs, "Look at Me" before the venue's security dispersed the disturbance and escorted the man outside of the venue.


title: Ski Mask the Slump God

text: In 2014, Goulbourne was sent to a juvenile detention center for possession of marijuana. Goulbourne was arrested for driving with a suspended license, driving without a license, and robbery in August 2016. He was later released on bail.


title: The Return of Superman (TV series)

text: The Return of Superman (; also known as Superman Is Back) is a South Korean reality-variety show that airs on KBS2. "The Return of Superman" used to be one of the two segments (the other segment is "1 Night 2 Days") on "Happy Sunday". The original three episodes pilot aired as a Chuseok holiday special from September 19 till September 21 of 2013, starring Lee Hwi-jae, Choo Sung-hoon, Jang Hyun-sung. The show is narrated by entertainer/singer Yuk Joong-wan and actress So Yoo-jin.


title: The Return of Superman (TV series)

text: KBS announced on Oct 17, 2013 that "The Return of Superman" will officially become part of the Happy Sunday lineup starting on November 3, 2013. The show replaces "Star Family Show Mamma Mia", which was moved to Wednesday nights. From April 22, 2022, it was changed from 9:00 pm on Sunday to 10:05 pm on Friday.


title: The Return of Superman (TV series)

text: Celebrity dads are left to care for their kids alone for 48 hours without the help of anyone else, while their wives leave home to enjoy some relaxing time off. The wives are shown leaving the home before the 48 hours begins and coming back to greet their family once the 48 hours have ended. During the 48 hours the dads and children are either doing a task the wives have written out for the dads to complete, or the dads are exploring new activities with their kids. Occasionally celebrity friends of the dads will stop by to interact with the kids.


title: The Return of Superman (TV series)

text: The show is filmed with set up cameras and cameraman hiding in tents and playhouses in each of the celebrities' actual home. Family and friends of the celebrity dads will occasionally show up in episodes. In each episode, as the show moves from one family to the next, a brief narration by the narrator is given to introduce the next segment of the episode.


title: The Return of Superman (TV series)

text: During each individual family segment the parents (husband and wife), with the exception of Junu, Junseo and Haru who were old enough to answer questions when they started the show, would give a talking head interview while being asked questions by the shows PDs (producers) about the current situation being aired.


title: The Return of Superman (TV series)

text: The X-files are film clips that didn't make it to broadcast on the regular program. These clips can be seen on Korean paid subscription web streaming site Cable TV VOD. The clips are narrated by different guests each time, such as Lee Hyeri from Korean girls idol group Girl's Day.


title: The Return of Superman (TV series)

text: LG is the main sponsor of the show. All the "Superman" families prominently display or use the LG's "S Homeboy" tablet made by Samsung throughout each episode. Besides the "S Homeboy" tablet, each Superman family use or display products they individually endorse on the show.


title: The Return of Superman (TV series)

text: In April 2014, China's Zhejiang Television (ZJTV) began airing a Chinese version of "The Return of Superman" called "Dad is Back" starring former Taiwanese boy band Fahrenheit member Wu Chun, film producer Zhong Lei Wang, actor Jia Nailiang, and former gymnast Li Xiapeng. The show is in collaboration with the producers of the Korean KBS version and follows the same concept as the Korean version with the exception of a narrator. The title of the Chinese version was renamed in order to clear up plagiarism rumors. In March 2017, Thailand Channel 7 began airing a Thai version of "The Return of Superman" called "The Return of Superman Thailand".


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The Ukrainian Premier League (, "Ukrayinska Premier Liha") or UPL is the highest division of Ukrainian annual football championship. As the Vyshcha Liha (, "Top League") it was formed in 1991 as part of the 1992 Ukrainian football championship upon discontinuation of the 1991 Soviet football championship and included the Ukraine-based clubs that competed previously in the Soviet top three tiers competitions as well as better clubs of the Ukrainian republican competitions. The initial season of the league featured six former Soviet Top League clubs among which were Dynamo, Shakhtar, Chornomorets, Dnipro, Metalist, Metalurh as well as four more clubs that previously also competed at the top league.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In 1996 along with the other professional football leagues of Ukraine, the Top League became a member of the Professional Football League of Ukraine. In 2008 it was withdrawn from Professional Football League of Ukraine and reformed into a separate self governed entity of the Football Federation of Ukraine, officially changing its name to the current one. Its rank was 12th highest in Europe as rated by UEFA as of 2021.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: As a leading club of the Soviet Top League, Dynamo Kyiv continues to be the league's "flagship club", while in the last 10 seasons the league is dominated by Shakhtar Donetsk 8 to 2. Three of Ukrainian clubs reached European club competitions finals including Dynamo (as Soviet club), Shakhtar and Dnipro. Among Ukrainian fans the most popular Ukrainian clubs are Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk. Other popular clubs include Karpaty Lviv, Metalist Kharkiv, Chornomorets Odesa and Dnipro.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The 2020–21 season is the league's thirteenth after the restructuring of professional club football in 2008 and the 30th season since establishing of professional club's competition independent from the Soviet Union. As of 2021, Dynamo Kyiv is the reigning Ukrainian Premier League champion. To summarise, Tavriya Simferopol won the first championship, while all the subsequent titles have gone to either Dynamo Kyiv or Shakhtar Donetsk. Only 2 teams, Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk have participated in all previous 29 Ukrainian Top League competitions. The central feature of the league is a game between the same Dynamo and Shakhtar, which developed into the Klasychne ("Classic").


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: On 15 April 2008 the new Premier-Liha ("Premier League") was formed. It consists of 12 football clubs that take control of the league's operations under the statues of Football Federation of Ukraine, UEFA, and FIFA. With the new reorganization the format of the League was preserved, while the changes that were made were exclusively administrative. Competitions continued to be conducted in a double round robin format among 16 clubs. There were a couple of seasons when the league experimented with a 14 club composition.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Since the 2014 Russian aggression, the league was reduced to 12 members, while its format has changed. The season is still being played in a double round robin in the first half of a season, after which the league splits in half into two groups of six teams. Both the top six and the bottom six play another a double round robin tournament with the clubs of their grouping. For 2019-20 a post season play-off for qualification for the European club competitions was introduced.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The teams that reach the top ranks of the competition table at the end of each season, gain the chance to represent Ukraine internationally in several prestigious tournaments (continental club tournaments). At the end of the season, the bottom clubs (usually two) are relegated to the First League, part of the lower Professional Football League, and are replaced by the top clubs from that league. All the participants of the Premier League enter the National Cup competition and enter it at the round of 32 (1/16th of the final) or Round of 16 stage.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The winner of the League at the beginning of every next season plays against the winner of the National Cup for the Ukrainian Super Cup, under administration of the Premier Liha. Beside Super Cup game and championship among senior teams of the league's clubs, the league conducts competitions among junior teams, including under 21s and under 19s. The champion of the under 19 championship qualifies for the UEFA Youth League.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The old emblem depicts a football wrapped by a blue-yellow stripe, the national colors of Ukraine, on a blue background. Across the top and around the ball there are 16 stars that represent the league's participants. In 2014 when the league was reduced to 14 teams, the emblem wasn't changed. On the bottom, the script says "Premier-League – Union of Professional Football Clubs of Ukraine".


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: As with the old emblem, the new emblem contains 16 stars. For the 2016–17 season, the sponsor's name was added.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Since at least 2006, the league has placed its sponsors' names in its seasons' titles. The first sponsor was Russian-Ukrainian alcoholic beverage company "Soyuz-Viktan", in the 2006–07 Ukrainian championship. While the contract was signed for five years and officially presented by the presidents of the Football Federation of Ukraine and the Professional Football League of Ukraine as a title sponsor, Soyuz-Viktan was expected to stay for couple of seasons. But in 2007 a new title sponsor, "Biola" from Dnipro was announced.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Previously "Soyuz-Viktan" was sponsoring the Russian ice hockey team and its Hockey Super League. In 2006 it also became the sponsor of the newly established Channel One Cup. Back in 2002, Mirror Weekly published an article that leaders of "Soyuz-Viktan" were convicted in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea to 15 years imprisonment. The reputation of "Soyuz-Viktan" was questioned on several occasions.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Soon after establishment of the Premier-Liha, in 2008 a contract was signed with a new sponsor, Epitsentr K, a network of home improvement stores. The sum of the contract was announced as $3.6 million, while just three months before there were speculations that new sponsor would pay no less than $5 million. In 2013 the contract expired.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: A new contract was established in 2015 with a bookmaking company Pari-Match, which lasted for couple of seasons.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Season regulations are one of the two most important documents (other being the competition calendar) that are adopted by the Premier League prior to each season.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The Premier League directly organizes and conducts competitions among member clubs. Competitions are conducted on the principle of "Fair play" and according to the competition calendar which is approved by the Premier League General Assembly and the FFU Executive Committee 30 days before start of competitions. Until 2019 all advertisement, commercial rights and rights on TV and radio broadcasting of games of championship and cup belong to the club that hosts them (the Super Cup of Ukraine and the "Gold game"). All advertisement, commercial rights and rights on TV and radio broadcasting of the game of Super Cup and the "Gold game". Before 2014 Premier League was also administering some rounds of the Ukrainian Cup (Round of 8, Quarterfinals, and Semifinals). The earlier rounds were administered by the Professional League and the final by the Federation. Since 2014 the organization of Ukrainian Cup competitions in full belongs exclusively to the Federation.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: There are currently 12 club members of the league. All participants get approved by the Premier League General Assembly. Each club fields each team for senior competitions, and competitions for under 21 and under 19 teams (three teams). A club is required to have a stadium (registered with FFU) and an education and training facility (or center). A club is also obligated to finance its own youth sports institution and a complex scientific-methodical group as well as to own and finance a number of youth teams. A Premier League club needs to ensure participation of at least four youth teams (ages groups between 14 and 17) in the Youth Football League of Ukraine. A club cannot field more than one team for a certain competition.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: All club's staff members (coaches, physicians, massage specialists) have to be contracted and be UEFA licensed. All coaches should have A-diploma, while head coaches – PRO-diploma. Football players are listed in "A" and "B" rosters. "A" roster contains no more than 25 players, while "B" roster has unlimited number of players no older than 21 who have professional contracts or agreements for sports training. The 25-players "A" roster includes the number of slots allotted for players developed by the club.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Beside the main championship among senior teams, the Premier League also organizes youth championship which was adopted from the previous Vyshcha Liha championship of doubles (reserves). Since 2012 there was added another competition for junior teams, so the original youth championship was renamed into the Championship of U-21 teams and the new competition was named as the Championship of U-19 teams. Unlike the Championship of U-21 teams, in the Championship of U-19 teams beside all of the Premier League clubs' junior teams, there also compete teams of some lower leagues' clubs.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The league's championship among senior teams is conducted by manner of the round robin system in two cycles "fall-spring" with one game at home and another at opponent's field with each participant. A competition calendar is formed after a draw that is conducted based on the Premier League club rankings. The calendar of the second cycle repeats the first, while hosting teams are switched. There should be no less than two calendar days between official games of a club. All games take place between 12:00 and 22:00 local time. Any game postponement is allowed only in emergencies and on decision of the Premier League Administration (Dyrektsiya). Game forfeitures are controlled by technical win/loss nominations and fines, followed by additional sanctions of the FFU Control-Disciplinary Committee, and possible elimination from the league.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Clubs play each other twice (once at home and once away) in the 26-match season. The league begins in mid-July and ends in mid-June. After 13 rounds of fixtures, there is a winter break that lasts for three months (from early December to early March). Thus, the winter break is significantly longer than the interval between seasons. This schedule accounts for climatic conditions and matches that of most European leagues in terms of the beginning and the end of the season.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The first season of the League in 1992 was an exception, as it lasted only half a year. This was because the last Soviet league season ended in the autumn of 1991, and the Football Federation of Ukraine decided to shift the calendar from "spring-fall" to "fall-spring" football seasons. In the inaugural season, 20 clubs were divided into two 10-team groups. In both groups, each club played each other twice, and the championship was decided by a play-off match between the group winners, in which Tavriya Simferopol surprised the pre-season favorite Dynamo Kyiv.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: After the first season, in each of the following seasons each team played each other team in the League twice. The number of participating teams fluctuated between 14 and 18, stabilizing since 2002–03 season at 16.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: As of the 2005–06 season, the golden match rule was introduced. According to the rule, if the first two teams obtain the same number of points, the championship is to be decided by an additional "golden" match between the two teams. In fact, in that season Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk had earned the same number of points and Shakhtar won the championship by winning the golden match (2–1 after extra time).


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Before 1992, Ukrainian domestic football league competitions were conducted among Ukrainian teams that competed in one of groups within the Soviet third tier consisting of around 20 teams. Beside that championship another over 20 teams competed in two upper tiers where they played along with other teams across the Soviet Union. Also, at the same time there were conducted competitions among KFK (amateur teams) at lower level. With the Soviet Union tumbling down (as one classic once called it, "the biggest geopolitical disaster of the 20th century"), in late 1991 there arose discussion about creation of separate competition which would include all better Ukrainian clubs. Following the failed 1991 August putsch, the Ukrainian parliament declared a state independence and appointed a date of referendum to confirm the decision.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Despite the failed putsch and declaration of independence by number of Soviet union republics, the Football Federation of the Soviet Union continued with planning of the 1992 football season. In September 1991 in Soviet magazine "Futbol" appeared some comments from head coaches of Ukrainian clubs playing in the Soviet First League (Tavriya and Bukovyna). The Tavriya head coach Anatoliy Zayaev said that the club is strongly against participation in Ukrainian championship and intend to continue to play in Soviet championship. The Bukovyna head coach Yukhym Shkolnykov said that the club does not have any wishes to return to the Ukrainian group as planned by the republican federation and no one should let politics transverse football.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In October 1991 some Moscow press took a big interview from FC Dnipro head coach Yevhen Kucherevsky titled "How to live on?" His direct speech had started with a phrase "Dnipro is definitely for the Soviet championship". Next Yevhen Mefodiyich told about possible isolation of Ukrainian football, because if Ukraine would not be recognized by the World, there is nothing to think about membership in FIFA or UEFA. After that recalling some kind of World Basket League, Kucherevsky discussed the topic that "people are uniting , but we..." When questioned "what is the mood among coaches of other Ukrainian teams", he firmly answered "Almost all are for the united championship and against separate Ukrainian".


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In particular, Kucherevsky mentioned his talks with head coach of Shakhtar Valeriy Yaremchenko. According to Kucherevsky, the majority of Dnipro's fans, judging by their letters and telephone calls also consider that conducting of Ukrainian championship not in time. Ended his interview Kucherevsky with a phrase that "he wants to hope that the situation when they have to play in a separate championship will never come". The coach even allowed the thought that Ukraine could be recognized as an independent state, but proposes an idea of the "Soviet open championship", referring to... the case with NHL.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In general Kucherevsky was speaking of true situation. Among all Ukrainian teams of the Soviet Top League, only Dynamo was clearly and firmly for its own independent championship. Other clubs took position from "strongly against" to "possibly for, but". For example, Metalurh Zaporizhya that was playing its first season at such level was for the Soviet championship. Yet, Metalist that was struggling to stay in, took a tricky position: "If we are would relegate to the First Union League, we will be for Ukrainian championship, if we would stay at the top, we will be for Soviet championship".


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In September 1991 there took place a session of the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR Executive Committee (ispolkom), which started with raising of blue-and-yellow flag that was given by a member of parliament Vyacheslav Chornovil. On proposition of Viktor Bannikov who at time was heading the football federation, the struggle for independent championship had to take place under national colors. The executive committee decided that blue-and-yellow flags had to flown over all stadiums where were playing Ukrainian teams. Some members of the executive committee have spoken about the independent Ukrainian championship, but did not rush with a decision. For that it was decided to wait until the Federation's plenum on 13–14 December 1991.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the inaugural independent championship took place hastily at the start of spring 1992 after the creation of the Ukrainian Higher League (, Vyshcha Liha). The League was created out of the six teams that took part in the Soviet Top League, two teams from the Soviet First League, and nine out of the eleven Ukrainian teams from the Soviet Second League. The other two of that eleven were placed in the Ukrainian First League as they were to be relegated anyway. The two best teams of the Soviet Second League B of the "Ukrainian Zone" were also placed in the Higher League along with the winner of the 1991 Ukrainian Cup which finished ninth in the same group (Soviet Second League B).


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The 20 participants were split into two groups with the winners playing for the championship title and the runners-up playing for third place. Three teams from each group were to be relegated. As expected, the five favorites, "Dynamo Kyiv", "Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk", "Shakhtar Donetsk", "Chornomorets Odesa", and "Metalist Kharkiv" finished at the top of each group. In the championship play-off game in Lviv, a sensation took place as Tavriya Simferopol beat Dynamo Kyiv 1–0. The Crimeans earned the first Ukrainian title (thus far their only one), losing only once to Temp Shepetivka.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: After being stunned in the first championship by the "tragedy" in Lviv, Dynamo Kyiv were anxious to earn their first title at the second opportunity. In the second Ukrainian championship, which had a regular League format of 16 teams, the main rivals of the Kyivians were Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk, who were top after the first half of the season. By the end of the season both teams were neck and neck and at the end they finished with the same number of points. The championship title was awarded to Dynamo Kyiv as they had a better goal difference. Neither the "Golden match", nor the fact that Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk had a better head-to-head record was considered.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The next seven years were known as the total domination of Dynamo Kyiv. During this period 'the main Soviet protagonists' had changed as some of the best teams were facing a crisis. After the 1993–94 season Metalist Kharkiv were surprisingly relegated to the First League. In the 1995–96 season Shakhtar Donetsk had the worst year in the club's history, coming tenth. Chornomorets Odesa were relegated twice during that first decade after which manager Leonid Buryak was sacked. A few newly created teams have since emerged such as Arsenal Kyiv and Metalurh Donetsk, as well as Vorskla Poltava, who surprisingly came third in the club's first season at the Top Level in the 1997.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The next decade was marked by fierce competition between Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk. Since 2000, Shakhtar Donetsk has proved to be the real challengers to Kyiv's dominance. In 2000 Shakhtar earned their first qualification to the Champions League earning a place in the Group stage. Nonetheless, Dynamo Kyiv is still considered to be the benchmark of excellence in the country and the primary feeder to the Ukrainian national football team. 2002 became the real cornerstone in the "miners" history when they earned their first national title under the management of the newly appointed Italian specialist, Nevio Scala, who managed to secure the Ukrainian Cup title as well. Since that time the issue of foreign players has become particularly acute and brought a series of court cases. The FFU and PFL worked together to solve that issue, coming up with a plan to force the "transitional" limitation of foreign players over time.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The clubs such as Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and Chornomorets Odesa, who were recent contenders for the title, had to put up a fierce fight against the newly established contenders Metalurh Donetsk and Metalist Kharkiv to qualify for the European competitions. Metalist Kharkiv shone brightly in the late 2000s (decade) by consistently finishing right behind Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk in third place. Their most remarkable feat was their participation in the 2009 European season when they had to face Dynamo Kyiv to earn a place in the quarter-finals of the 2008–09 UEFA Cup, but lost on the away goals rule. That same 2008–09 UEFA Cup competition was won for the first time by Shakhtar Donetsk, the first club of independent Ukraine to win the title. It was also the last UEFA cup title before it changed its name to the Europa league. In the 2008–09 season the league earned the highest UEFA league coefficient in Europe for that season.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: On 15 November 2007 clubs' presidents of the Vyshcha Liha adopted a decision to create the Premier League (Premier Liha). At the same meeting session there was created a supervisory board that consisted of Ravil Safiullin (Professional Football League), Vitaliy Danilov (FC Kharkiv), Petro Dyminskyi (FC Karpaty), and Vadym Rabinovych (FC Arsenal). During the next three months that body curated a process on creation of the Premier League's regulation and statute as well as a procedure of launching the championship starting from the 2008–09 season. On 15 April 2008 at one of the meetings among the presidents of clubs there was signed a protocol about establishing the Association of Professional Football Clubs of Ukraine "Premier-Liha" as an autonomous entity, parting away from the PFL.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The Premier League has been split since the moment it was created in regards to its president. The dispute went as far as even canceling the 13th round of 2009–10 season and moving it to the spring half, while having the 14th round still playing in the fall. The representatives of five clubs: Arsenal Kyiv, Dynamo Kyiv, Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk, Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, and Metalist Kharkiv have been boycotting most of the League meetings, not complying with its financial obligations and giving the broadcasting rights to TV-channels other than the League official supplier. They justified their actions due to what they deem to be the illegal election of the Premier League president. The representatives of the above-mentioned clubs did not recognize the election in 2008 of Vitaliy Danilov as the president and believed that the elections should have been won by Vadim Rabinovich.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: To resolve this conflict Vitaliy Danilov instigated the re-election of the Premier League president in September 2009, and on 1 December 2009 won the election again with 11 clubs voting for his candidature, 3 were against, 1 abstained, and 1 was absent. This time most club presidents of the Premier League of Ukraine acknowledged Vitaliy Danilov legality. In the subsequent elections on 9 December 2011 Vitaliy Danilov was challenged by Andriy Kurhanskyi (through the proposal of Karpaty Lviv). The other available candidates, Miletiy Balchos (president of the Professional Football League of Ukraine) and Yuriy Kindzerskyi, were not picked by any members of the Premier League. Vitaliy Danilov managed to retain his seat with nine votes for him.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Starting from 2010 and to 2014 season, FC Shakhtar led by Romanian coach Mircea Lucescu obtained five national league titles in a row, making Lucescu the most successful manager in the history of the league with 9 titles. At the same time, in the beginning of 2010s the so-called ""Big Four"" of clubs eventually formed, consisting from Shakhtar, Dynamo, Metalist and Dnipro. These four clubs consecutively took all the top 4 places for five seasons from 2009–10 to 2013–14 and displayed the biggest financial abilities in the league.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In 2012–13, Metalist Kharkiv finished second and qualified for the UEFA Champions League for the first time, the achievement which was repeated by Dnipro in the next season. In the same 2013–14 season Dynamo Kyiv for the first time since Ukrainian independence placed as low as fourth in league's season ranking, which led to dismissal of former national team coach and the legend of Soviet football Oleh Blokhin as the club's manager. In European football, new club achievements were set in these years for Shakhtar in 2010–11 UEFA Champions League quarter-finals and for Metalist in 2011–12 UEFA Europa League quarter-finals.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Because of the Russian aggression against Ukraine and subsequent cleaning of the league from the clubs that became financially unreliable (Metalist, Hoverla, Metalurh Donetsk, Dnipro), the number of teams participating in the league was cut from 16 in the 2013–14 season to 14 in the following two seasons. Both of the seasons were won by Dynamo Kyiv with Serhii Rebrov as manager. With the continuation of the military conflict in the eastern oblasts of Ukraine since 2014 and its economic impact, the league was forced to change its format again and started to be contested by 12 teams after being cut from 14 after the 2015–16 season, introducing the two stages of the competition: after the standard two rounds of games the league would split into two 6-team groups according to their positions.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Under the new format, Shakhtar Donetsk under the manager Paulo Fonseca managed to win three league titles in a row from 2016–17 to 2018–19, runner-up in all the three seasons being Dynamo Kyiv. In 2019–20 season, Shakhtar set the record of the earliest title win in the history, win 5 rounds remaining. In 2019, the decision was adopted to expand the league to 14 teams from the 2020–21 and to 16 teams from the 2021–22 season. In April 2022, it was announced that the current UPL season has been terminated due to the extension of martial law in Ukraine. The football clubs of the UPL also expressed their support for the termination, since it is not possible to end the championship due to the country’s current state. Thus, it was concluded that the standings as of February 24, 2022 will be the final standings of the 2021/22 season, and there will be no winners to be awarded.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: A total of 43 clubs have played in the Premier League up to 2019–20 season, 20 of which were the founding members of the inaugural 1992 season and 23 other were promoted in the later seasons.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The following teams are competing in the 2021–22 season. Note, in parenthesis shown the actual home cities and stadiums.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The UPL broadcaster in the 2022/23, 2023/24 and 2024/25 seasons is Setanta Sports. All matches are broadcast on the OTT platform. Also, at least 4 matches of the tour are broadcast on the company's linear TV channels, and 1-2 matches of the tour are broadcast free of charge on the Setanta YouTube channel.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The main international broadcaster of the league in west Europe and some countries of Africa is the French Ma Chaîne Sport providing coverage for such countries like France, and satellite communities in Andorra, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia. Another broadcaster Sport Klub provides coverage in all countries of former Yugoslavia including Bosnia/Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia. National broadcasters of some other counties include 12 TV (Armenia), CBC Sport (Azerbaijan), Polsat Futbol (Poland), Futbol (Russia), and Dolce Sport (Romania).


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Ukrainian clubs being part of the Soviet Union competed in European competitions since 1960s when the Soviet clubs started to participate in continental competitions. In fact the very first Soviet club that took part in European competitions was Ukrainian club, FC Dynamo Kyiv, that took in the 1965–66 European Cup Winners' Cup. Before the fall of the Soviet Union, the following Ukrainian clubs participated in European competitions: FC Dynamo Kyiv (1965), FC Karpaty Lviv (1970), FC Zorya Luhansk (1973), FC Chornomorets Odessa (1975), FC Shakhtar Donetsk (1977), FC Dnipro (1984), and FC Metalist Kharkiv (1988).


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: At least five clubs participated in top continental competitions the European Cup and the UEFA Champions League among which are FC Dynamo Kyiv, FC Dnipro, FC Metalist Kharkiv, FC Shakhtar Donetsk, and SC Tavriya Simferopol.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Two teams (Dynamo and Shakhtar) were able to obtain trophies of European competitions including two European Cup Winners' Cups, one European Super Cup, and one UEFA Cup. One more team (Dnipro) came just short to join their company losing in the 2015 UEFA Europa League Final.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In 2009 The Ukrainian Premier League joined the European Professional Football Leagues. Also in 2009 the league signed a partnership with IMG of which during the first month of cooperation sold broadcasting rights for the Ukrainian Cup to Poland and Armenia. On its own initiative the Ukrainian Premier League sold broadcasting rights to Romania and Russia as well.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: A representative star is placed above the team's badge to indicate 10 league titles. Dynamo Kyiv became the first Ukrainian team to achieve the prestigious honor of winning the Soviet Top League for the 10th time in 1981. Dynamo Kyiv after having entered the Ukrainian championship has become the same dominant leader as during the Soviet times by earning its 20th national title at the top level in 1999. The two stars were added to the club's logo in 2007. Earning its 10th national title in 2017, Shakhtar Donetsk has not yet adopted a star on its crest.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: From 2016–17 to 2019–20 seasons, the league conducted season competition in two rounds, where after the first double round robin tournament the league is split in half into two groups of six teams. Then, top six play second double round robin for the title, while the bottom six play to determine teams to be relegated (and Europa League playoff participants in the 2019–20 season). The team that won the relegation group receives a consolation-type honorary award, the Prestige trophy.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Ex-Dynamo Kyiv strikers Maksim Shatskikh and Serhii Rebrov hold the record for most Ukrainian Premier League goals with 123, with Shatskikh winning the top single season scorer title twice in 1999–2000 and 2002–03, Rebrov once in 1997–98.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Since the first Ukrainian Premier League season in 1992, 22 different players have won or shared the top scorer's title.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Only five players have won the title more than once, Tymerlan Huseynov, Maksim Shatskikh, Yevhen Seleznyov, Alex Teixeira and Júnior Moraes.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Henrikh Mkhitaryan holds the record for most goals in a season (25), Serhii Rebrov and Maksim Shatskikh are the only two players to score at least 20 goals twice. The most prolific all-time scorers are Ivan Hetsko and Viktor Leonenko, respectively attaining 0.59 and 0.57 goals per game.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Among other coaches who stayed in the league the longest, there are Anatoliy Chantsev (150), Roman Sanzhar (145), Ihor Yavorskyi (144), Viktor Prokopenko (140), Nikolay Kostov (139), Vasyl Sachko (137), Oleksandr Zavarov (134), Roman Pokora (129), Oleksandr Sevidov (129), and Ivan Balan (123).


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: All figures are correct through the 2021–22 season. Promotion/relegation playoff games are not included. Teams in bold currently compete in Premier League. Numbers in bold indicate the record values for each column.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: There were several instances when the games outside of regular double round-robin tournament and split group seasons were scheduled or required. They were held either for determining the league position (golden and third place matches), international competitions qualification (Europa League play-off) or promotion or relegation (relegation play-off).


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: League finals for Premier League took place on two occasions. In the inaugural 1992 season, the league was conducted in two groups of 10 teams due to transition to the autumn-spring competition calendar. The teams in each group played a double round-robin tournament, after which the winners of both groups faced each other in the one-match league final at neutral field. The final was played on 21 June 1992, crowning Tavriya Simferopol as the first champions of independent Ukraine after their 1–0 win over Dynamo Kyiv.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Starting from the 2005–06 season, if multiple teams finish tied on points on the top of the table, Golden match is required to determine the champion. In the same season, this rule came into effect for the first and only to the moment time: Shakhtar Donetsk and Dynamo Kyiv both finished with 75 points after the regular season. In the following final game, Shakhtar managed to win the title after the 100th-minute goal from Julius Aghahowa which concluded their 2–1 extra-time win.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Similarly to the league final, in the inaugural 1992 season the third place match was played between the runners-up of both 10-team groups that formed the league in the season. In the game at neutral field, Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk from Group B defeated Shakhtar Donetsk from Group A 3–2 and won their first bronze medals in the league.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In the 2019–20 season, play-offs for qualification to the UEFA Europa League are played for the first time between the 5th and 6th teams from the Championship round and two top teams from the Relegation round (7th and 8th). The play-off consists of the semi-final and final stages, with ties in both played as single matches on the field of the team ranked higher in the season standings.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: For the first tome, play-off to determine the participant of the next Vyshcha Liha season was held unplanned at the end of the 1998–99 season. Third-placed team of 1998–99 First League, Torpedo Zaporizhzhia, who was to be promoted, filed for bankruptcy at the end of the season. The league regulations at the time did not specify what actions are needed to be taken in such situation, so PFL made a decision to held a play-off game between the highest-ranked relegated team, Prykarpattia Ivano-Frankivsk, and highest-ranked not promoted team, FC Cherkasy at neutral field in Kyiv. The game ended with Prykarpattia defending their league place 3–1.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: In the 2001–02 season, due to league enlargement play-off was held between the second-lowest Vyshcha Liha team, Polihraftekhnika Oleksandriya, and fourth First League team, Polissya Zhytomyr. The game on a neutral field in Kyiv ended 1–0 in favour of Oleksandriya.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Since 2017–18 season, the play-offs are held in home-and-away format between the 10th and 11th teams from Premier League, and 2nd and 3rd from First League. During this time, 3 teams were promoted by play-offs, and another 1 managed to defend its place. However, in the 2019–20 season there will be no playoffs because of the league enlargement and three teams will promote from First League directly.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The central feature of the league is a rivalry between Shakhtar Donetsk and Dynamo Kyiv which has adopted its name as Klasychne derby. The rivalry started ever since the end of 1990s when both teams started consistently to place the top two places from season to season. The rivalry became really established when Shakhtar obtained its first national title in 2002.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: The surprising win of the first season by SC Tavriya Simferopol has never turned the club into a real contender for another title and the club was not always successful to secure a place among the top five. In the beginning of 1990s, FC Chornomorets Odessa and the two-time Soviet champions FC Dnipro were also among the main contenders. The 1972 Soviet champions FC Zorya Luhansk until 2013 really struggled to stay in the top league. Among other contenders there were FC Metalist Kharkiv that were the league's runners-up in 2012–13 and FC Metalurh Donetsk that showed some consistent form in the early 2000s.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: There are few smaller regional rivalries such between Karpaty and Volyn, Metalist and Dnipro, Zorya and Shakhtar.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Among city derbies, there were no running city derbies in the league for the 2017–18 season. Among the most notable previously there were Zaporizhzhia derby between Metalurh and Torpedo, Kyiv derby between Dynamo and Arsenal (CSKA), Donetsk derby between Shakhtar and Metalurh. Other derbies existed in Lviv, Odesa, Kharkiv, West Ukrainian football derby and others.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Ukraine has several big stadiums with capacity of 30,000+ spectators and at least two stadiums with capacity of over 50,000 which also are considered to be by UEFA the elite stadiums. Since the 2014 Russian aggression against Ukraine, the access to some stadiums was restricted. Many stadiums in Ukraine and their surrounding infrastructure were renovated in preparation to the Euro 2012.


title: Ukrainian Premier League

text: Among 30,000+ football stadiums or multi-use stadiums adopted for football are Arena Lviv, Chornomorets Stadium, Dnipro-Arena, Metalist Stadium and others.


title: Robert Goulet

text: Robert Gérard Goulet (November 26, 1933 October 30, 2007) was an American and Canadian singer and actor of French-Canadian ancestry. Goulet was born and raised in Lawrence, Massachusetts until age 13, and then spent his formative years in Canada. Cast as Sir Lancelot and originating the role in the 1960 Broadway musical "Camelot" starring opposite established Broadway stars Richard Burton and Julie Andrews, he achieved instant recognition with his performance and interpretation of the song "If Ever I Would Leave You", which became his signature song. His debut in "Camelot" marked the beginning of a stage, screen, and recording career. A Grammy Award winner, his career spanned almost six decades. He starred in a 1966 television version of Brigadoon, a production which won five primetime Emmy Awards. In 1968, he won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for "The Happy Time", a musical about a French-Canadian family set in Ottawa.


title: Robert Goulet

text: Goulet was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, on Haverhill Street, where he also lived. He was the only son of Jeanette (née Gauthier) and Joseph Georges André Goulet. Both of his parents worked in the mills, but his father was also an amateur singer and wrestler. His parents were French Canadian, and he was a descendant of French-Canadian pioneers Zacharie Cloutier and Jacques Goulet. Shortly after his father's death, 13-year-old Goulet moved with his mother and sister Claire to Girouxville, Alberta, and he spent his formative years in Canada.


title: Robert Goulet

text: After living in Girouxville for several years, they moved to the provincial capital of Edmonton to take advantage of the performance opportunities offered in the city. There, he attended the voice schools founded by Herbert G. Turner and Jean Létourneau, and later became a radio announcer for radio station CKUA. Upon graduating from Victoria Composite high school (now Victoria School of the Arts), Goulet received a scholarship to The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto, where he studied voice with oratorio baritones George Lambert and Ernesto Vinci. Goulet performed in opera productions with other Conservatory vocal students, including Jon Vickers and James Milligan.


title: Robert Goulet

text: In 1952, he competed in CBC Television's "Pick The Stars", ultimately making the semifinals. This led to other network appearances on shows like "Singing Stars of Tomorrow", "Opportunity Knocks", "Juliette", and the Canadian version of "Howdy Doody" in which he starred as Trapper Pierre opposite William Shatner.


title: Robert Goulet

text: Goulet's first U.S. bookings were in summer stock theatre with the Kenley Players. He appeared in eight productions, including "Pajama Game" (1959), "Bells Are Ringing" (1959), "Dream Girl" (1959), "South Pacific" (1960), "Meet Me in St. Louis" (1960) and "Carousel" (1960). John Kenley came to his dressing room after the opening of "Pajama Game" and gave him a raise, saying it was "because he knew he could never afford to again", Goulet said in 2006. "He was right." Goulet repeated his role in "South Pacific" for Kenley in a 1995 production.


title: Robert Goulet

text: In 1959, Goulet was introduced to librettist Alan Jay Lerner and composer Frederick Loewe, who were having difficulty casting the role of Lancelot in their stage production "Camelot". Lerner and Loewe, impressed by Goulet's talent, signed the virtual newcomer to play the part, opposite Richard Burton (King Arthur) and Julie Andrews (Queen Guenevere).


title: Robert Goulet

text: "Camelot" opened in Toronto in October 1960. It then played a four-week engagement in Boston, and finally opened on Broadway two months later. Goulet received favorable reviews, most notably for his show-stopping romantic ballad, "If Ever I Would Leave You" which would become his signature song.


title: Robert Goulet

text: After the run of "Camelot", Goulet appeared on "The Danny Thomas Show" and "The Ed Sullivan Show", which made him a household name among American audiences. On December 7, 1962, Goulet made an appearance on "The Jack Paar Show" with Judy Garland to promote their animated film, "Gay Purr-ee". He also would win a Grammy Award as Best New Artist in 1962.


title: Robert Goulet

text: On May 25, 1965, Goulet mangled the lyrics to the U.S. national anthem at the opening of the second Muhammad Ali–Sonny Liston heavyweight championship fight in Lewiston, Maine in front of the smallest crowd in a heavyweight championship: 2500. It was actually the last fight for Cassius Clay before he chose the name Muhammad Ali. It was supposed to have been held in Boston but there was a mix-up and Lewiston was a last minute site replacement. Goulet had never sung the U.S. anthem in public before; the only anthem that he had ever done publicly was "O Canada". Goulet replaced the lyric "dawn's early light" with "dawn's early night" and also fervently intoned ""gave proof through the fight"." The fans booed, while Howard Cosell chortled thinking it good fun and all part of the spectacle. Now there was something to talk about besides the strange fight that ended in the first round with what has become known in the history books as the "phantom punch". The gaffes were reported in newspapers nationwide the next morning, and Goulet was criticized in opinion columns for a lack of knowledge of the lyrics. As Dorothy Kilgallen had predicted on Goulet's appearance on "What's My Line?" a few days before, the anthem lasted longer than the fight, which was over early in the first round. Goulet had his biggest pop hit in this year, when his single "My Love, Forgive Me" reached No. 16 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and No. 22 in Canada.


title: Robert Goulet

text: In 1966, Goulet starred in the television series "Blue Light", in which he played a journalist working undercover in Nazi Germany as a spy on behalf of the Allies. The series ran for 17 episodes between January 12, 1966 and May 18, 1966. In December 1966, a theatrical film starring Goulet, "I Deal in Danger", was released, made up of the first four episodes of "Blue Light" edited together.


title: Robert Goulet

text: In 1968, Goulet was back on Broadway in the Kander and Ebb musical "The Happy Time". He won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his role. John Serry Sr. collaborated as the orchestral accordionist. In 2005, he starred in the Broadway revival of Jerry Herman's "La Cage aux Folles". Goulet began a recording career with Columbia Records in 1962, which resulted in more than 60 best selling albums.


title: Robert Goulet

text: He also toured in several musicals, including "Camelot" as Sir Lancelot, "Man of La Mancha", Rodgers and Hammerstein's "South Pacific", Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Carousel", where he portrayed Billy Bigelow, a role he also played in 1967 in a made-for-television adaptation of the musical. This version aired only a year after the first television telecast of the 1956 film version.


title: Robert Goulet

text: He also starred in an award-winning 1966 television version of "Brigadoon", which won five primetime Emmy Awards, and "Kiss Me Kate" in 1968, opposite his then-wife Carol Lawrence. All three were produced by Goulet's company Rogo Productions and aired on ABC, but none have been rebroadcast since the 1960s or released on video. All three were recorded on videotape rather than film.


title: Robert Goulet

text: Goulet guest starred on "The Lucy Show" in 1967 as himself and two additional characters who entered a Robert Goulet look-alike contest. In 1972, he played a lead villain in the season finale of television original "". Goulet was featured in a two-part episode of the sitcom "Alice" during the 1981 season, again playing himself. The plot involves Mel (Vic Tayback) and the girls winning a free trip to Las Vegas, and while there, losing his diner in a gambling spree. Alice (Linda Lavin) plans to impersonate Goulet in an effort to persuade the casino owner to return the diner to Mel. The real Goulet appears and sings a duet with the (much shorter) fake Robert Goulet portrayed by Alice.


title: Robert Goulet

text: Goulet's first film performance was released in 1962: the UPA (United Productions of America) animated musical feature "Gay Purr-ee", in which he provided the voice of the male lead character, 'Jaune Tom', opposite the female lead character, 'Mewsette', voiced by Judy Garland. His first non-singing role was in "Honeymoon Hotel" (1964), but it was not until a cameo appearance as "Himself", a singer in Louis Malle's film, "Atlantic City" (1980). Understandably, Goulet's performance in the "Frank Sinatra wing" was given critical acclaim. As a result of this film, he recorded the song "Atlantic City (My Old Friend)" for Applause Records in 1981.