title: Kofi Kingston

text: Kingston then successfully defended the title against Daniel Bryan on the May 6 episode of "Raw", and against Kevin Owens at Money in the Bank. Kingston then started a feud with the returning Dolph Ziggler, retaining the title at Super ShowDown in a singles match and at Stomping Grounds in a steel cage match. At Extreme Rules, he retained the championship against Samoa Joe, while Big E and Woods won the SmackDown Tag Team Championship for a record-tying fourth time for New Day (which also technically made Kingston a double champion, as WWE counts all of New Day's Tag Team Championship reigns as individual reigns for all three members under the Freebird rule). At Smackville, he successfully defended the title against Dolph Ziggler and Samoa Joe in a triple threat match. Kingston defended his title against Randy Orton at SummerSlam, where the match ended in a double count out. The two had a rematch at Clash of Champions, where Kingston was victorious. On the September 17 episode of "SmackDown Live", Brock Lesnar confronted Kingston and challenged him to a championship match on the October 4 episode of "SmackDown", which Kingston accepted. At the 20th Anniversary of "SmackDown" on October 4, Lesnar defeated Kingston in 8 seconds to win the championship, ending Kingston's reign at 180 days.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: After losing the title, Kingston returned to compete in tag team matches, where he teamed with Big E and Woods to defeat The O.C. (AJ Styles, Luke Gallows, and Karl Anderson) on the following week on "SmackDown". At Crown Jewel, Kingston and Big E competed in a tag team turmoil match for the WWE Tag Team World Cup, but they failed to win the match. On the November 8 episode of "SmackDown", Kingston and Big E defeated The Revival to win the SmackDown Tag Team Championship, becoming four-time champions as a team, and record fifth reign for The New Day as a stable. At , Kingston and Big E successfully defended the titles against The Revival in a ladder match. On January 26, 2020, at the Royal Rumble, Kingston participated in the Royal Rumble match, but was eliminated by Brock Lesnar. At Super ShowDown, Kingston and Big E lost the championships against John Morrison and The Miz and failed to regain the titles at Elimination Chamber.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: At WrestleMania 36, Kingston, who represented The New Day, failed to win the titles back from Morrison, who represented himself and Miz, in a triple threat ladder match, also involving Jimmy Uso, who represented The Usos. A rematch took place on the April 17 episode of "SmackDown", where Big E, who represented The New Day, won the titles back from Miz, who represented himself and Morrison, in a triple threat match, also involving Jey Uso, who represented The Usos, and this makes The New Day six-time SmackDown Tag Team Champions. At The Horror Show at Extreme Rules on July 19, Kingston and Big E lost their titles to the team of Cesaro and Shinsuke Nakamura in a tables match after being powerbombed through two tables. while Kingston would suffer a legitimate back injury, thus being out for nearly three months.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: On the October 9 episode of "SmackDown", both Kingston and Woods returned from injury and defeated Cesaro and Nakamura, winning their seventh SmackDown Tag Team Championship. After the match, as part of the 2020 Draft, Kingston and Woods were drafted to the Raw brand, splitting them from Big E, who remained on the SmackDown brand. On the October 12 episode of "Raw", New Day would exchange tag team titles with Raw Tag Team Championship holders The Street Profits, who were drafted to SmackDown. This would mark Kingston and Woods' third reign with the Raw titles as a team (fifth for Kingston individually), New Day's 10th tag team championship reign in WWE as a team, and Kingston's 13th tag team championship reign individually. On December 20, at , Kingston and Woods lost the Raw Tag Team Championship to The Hurt Business (Cedric Alexander and Shelton Benjamin). In January 2021, Kingston stated that he was sidelined with a jaw injury. Kingston returned to the ring on the February 8 episode of "Raw", teaming with Woods to defeat Retribution (T-Bar and Mace). At Elimination Chamber, Kingston competed in the WWE Championship Elimination Chamber match, eliminating Randy Orton, before being eliminated by Sheamus. On the March 15 episode of Raw, Kingston and Woods would defeat Cedric Alexander and Shelton Benjamin to win back the Raw Tag Team Championship, the New Day's 11th tag team championship, and Kingston's 14th individually. They would hold the championship until WrestleMania 37 where they lost the titles to AJ Styles and Omos.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: On the May 17 episode of "Raw", Kingston defeated Randy Orton, and then WWE Champion Bobby Lashley on the same night. The following week on "Raw", he faced Drew McIntyre in a singles match with a stipulation in which the winner will face Lashley for the WWE Championship at Hell in a Cell, and the match ended in a no contest. A rematch between him and McIntyre was scheduled on "Raw" next week with the same stakes, where Kingston would lose. On the June 21 episode of "Raw", Kingston interrupted Lashley and challenged him for the title, Lashley accepted and the match was scheduled for Money in the Bank. At the event, he lost the match.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: As a part of the 2021 Draft, Kingston and Woods were drafted to the SmackDown brand. In October, Kingston entered the King of the Ring tournament, where he lost to Jinder Mahal in the first round. Woods, however, went on to win the King of the Ring tournament. Woods in turn changed his ring name to "King Woods", and he knighted Kingston as "Sir Kofi Kingston", the Hand of the King.Kingston and Woods then reignited their feud with The Usos, but would be defeated to them at WWE Day 1 and then again in a Street Fight on following SmackDown. In following weeks, Big E would rejoin The New Day as they would start a new feud with Sheamus and Ridge Holland, but during a match Big E encountered a neck injury. Kingston and Woods eventually challenged Sheamus and Ridge Holland for a tag team match at WrestleMania 38 in a losing effort. They would then start a feud with returning Viking Raiders , who would brutally attack them. They would be unsuccessful in defeating Viking Raiders several times. They would then once again start a brief feud with The Usos as they wanted to defend their record of longest reigning tag team champions, however they were unsuccessful. They would make a surprise appearance on NXT in December challenging for NXT tag team championship. New Day would win the match and the titles, giving them the Tag Team Triple Crown (Raw, SmackDown, and NXT Tag Team Championships), and making Kingston the first wrestler to have won both WWE's traditional Triple Crown and Tag Team Triple Crown.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: Kingston, under the nickname Mr. 24/7, frequently appears on fellow WWE wrestler, Xavier Woods' YouTube channel "UpUpDownDown". In May 2019, he defeated UpUpDownDown Champion Gentleman Jack Gallagher in a game of "Mortal Kombat 3" to win Gallagher's championship. Kingston lost the title one month later to Jey Uso in a game of "Tetris".


title: Kofi Kingston

text: In 2012, he guest-starred in an episode of Disney XD's karate sitcom "Kickin' It". In 2016, he appeared with his New Day teammates on a Christmas Family themed "Let's Make a Deal". In 2017, he published "The Book of Booty: Shake It. Love It. Never Be It" with fellow New Day members Big E and Xavier Woods.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: Along with Xavier Woods, Kingston appeared on episode #33 of Smosh Pit's, from the Smosh family on YouTube, Try Not to Laugh Series. The Smosh members joining them were: Ian Hecox, Shayne Topp, Damien Haas, and Mari Takahashi.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: Sarkodie-Mensah married Kori Campfield on September 11, 2010. Their son Kai was born in 2013. They welcomed another son, Orion Kingsley on April 28, 2016. Their daughter Lotus Selene was born on November 23, 2021.


title: Kofi Kingston

text: Sarkodie-Mensah's favorite wrestler growing up was Shawn Michaels. In a June 2019 interview, he stated that Dolph Ziggler was "one of my favorite opponents of all-time, if not my favorite. Not to toot my own horn or our horn, our matches have always been off the chain. We have really good chemistry."


title: Kofi Kingston

text: Sarkodie-Mensah has tattoos of Ghanaian Adinkra symbols along his spine. His first name (Kofi) is the traditional name in Ghana for people born on a Friday.


title: Anatoli Bugorski

text: Anatoli Petrovich Bugorski (; born 25 June 1942) is a retired Russian particle physicist. He is known for surviving a radiation accident in 1978, when a high-energy proton beam from a particle accelerator passed through his brain.


title: Anatoli Bugorski

text: As a researcher at the Institute for High Energy Physics in Protvino, Russia, Anatoli Bugorski worked with the largest particle accelerator in the Soviet Union, the U-70 synchrotron. On 13 July 1978, Bugorski was checking a malfunctioning piece of equipment when the safety mechanisms failed. Bugorski was leaning over the equipment when he stuck his head in the path of the 76 GeV proton beam. Reportedly, he saw a flash "brighter than a thousand suns" but did not feel any pain. The beam passed through the back of his head, the occipital and temporal lobes of his brain, the left middle ear, and out through the left hand side of his nose. The exposed parts of his head received a local dose of 200,000 to 300,000 roentgens. Bugorski understood the severity of what had happened, but continued working on the malfunctioning equipment, and initially opted not to tell anyone what had happened.


title: Anatoli Bugorski

text: The left half of Bugorski's face swelled up beyond recognition and, over the next several days, the skin started to peel, revealing the path that the proton beam had burned through parts of his face, his bone, and the brain tissue underneath. As it was believed that he had received far in excess of a fatal dose of radiation, Bugorski was taken to a clinic in Moscow where the doctors could observe his expected demise. However, Bugorski survived, completed his PhD, and continued working as a particle physicist. There was virtually no damage to his intellectual capacity, but the fatigue of mental work increased markedly. Bugorski completely lost hearing in the left ear, replaced by a form of tinnitus. The left half of his face was paralyzed due to the destruction of nerves. He was able to function well, except for occasional complex partial seizures and rare tonic-clonic seizures.


title: Anatoli Bugorski

text: Bugorski continued to work as a physicist at the Institute for High Energy Physics and held the post of coordinator of physics experiments. Because of the Soviet Union's policy of maintaining secrecy on nuclear power-related issues, Bugorski did not speak publicly about the accident for over a decade. He continued going to the Moscow radiation clinic twice a year for examinations and to meet with other nuclear accident victims. He was described as "a poster boy for Soviet and Russian radiation medicine". In 1996, he applied unsuccessfully for disability status to receive free epilepsy medication. Bugorski showed interest in making himself available for study to Western researchers but could not afford to leave Protvino.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: Prostitution, as defined under modern Japanese law, is the illegal practice of sexual intercourse with an 'unspecified' (unacquainted) person in exchange for monetary compensation, which was criminalised in 1956 by the introduction of article 3 of the . However, the definition of prostitution made illegal under this law is strictly limited to sexual intercourse with an 'unspecified person', and does not criminalise the sale of numerous other acts performed by sex workers in exchange for compensation, such as oral sex, anal sex, mammary intercourse, and other non-coital sex acts; the , also known as the "Law to Regulate Adult Entertainment Businesses", amended in 1985, 1999 and 2005, regulates these businesses, making only one definition of prostitution in Japan illegal.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: Following the criminalisation of payment for sexual intercourse, the sex industry in Japan has developed into a number of varied businesses and offering services not prohibited under Japanese law. These fall into a number of categories known by various euphemistic names, such as soaplands, fashion health shops, and pink salons, with the term "health" commonly being a euphemism for sexual services. These businesses typically operate out of physical premises, either with their own employees or freelancers such as call girls, who may operate via Internet dating sites known as "sites" (Internet dating sites) or via delivery health services.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: is a form of massage parlor which circumvents Japanese laws by offering a range of services that stop short of sexual intercourse. Fashion health clubs are typically found in most of Japan's larger cities, operating out of physical premises decorated with bright flashing lights and generally bright and garish decor. They commonly post pictures of their "masseuse" employees near the entrance, though the face and eyes may be censored with pixellation or black strips; some club entrances feature caricatured depictions of the services provided.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: , also known as or by the abbreviation , is a category of sex work in Japan that offers a "call girl" or escort service, dispatching sex workers to their customers' homes or to hotels. Delivery health businesses do not typically operate out of physical premises, instead employing freelancers, and advertise through handouts sent to mailboxes, posters in telephone booths, public toilets and similar places, usually in large cities within Japan; advertising is also conducted through a number of websites online.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: An , or , is a type of brothel in Japan similar to fashion health parlors, differing in that image clubs are typically themed in the style of common or popular sexual fantasies, such as an office, a doctor's surgery, a classroom, or a train carriage. Sex workers employed at image clubs, whose activities are usually limited to oral sex, wear exaggerated costumes appropriate to the setting and the desire of the customer. Image clubs simulating molestation of female train passengers became popular in the wake of stricter enforcement of laws against groping on trains.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: Image clubs may offer itemized pricing for particular services, such as taking instant photographs, removing a woman's underwear or taking it home. Women working at image clubs are paid around 30,000 to 35,000 yen per day, and may make more than 1 million yen per month.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: A ', or ' for short, is a type of brothel in Japan which specialises in oral sex. Pink salons avoid criminalisation under Japanese law by serving food, operating without showers or private rooms, and limiting the services provided to fellatio. Pink salons may also offer additional activities such as fingering a customer's "companion", and (intercrural sex). Pink salons are found across Japan, and workers commonly see a dozen or more customers per shift.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: , or , which first developed following the criminalisation of compensated sexual intercourse with unacquainted persons in the late 1950s, began as a simple bathhouse service where women washed men's bodies. Originally referred to as , meaning "Turkish bath", the businesses were renamed following a 1984 campaign by Turkish scholar , with the name "soapland" chosen as the winning entry in a nationwide contest. The term is a "Japanlish" term, constructed from the two English words "soap" and "land".


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: Soaplands exploit a loophole in Japanese law, wherein compensated sexual intercourse may be conducted between 'specified' (acquainted) persons. In his book ("Control of Sex Business Operations"), Kansai University professor documented the practice of soapland businesses, wherein customers pay an entry fee to 'use the bathing facilities', and a separate fee for a massage. Whilst the massage takes place, the masseuse and the customer become 'acquainted', resulting in any paid sexual services following this as not being viewed as prostitution as defined by the law, an interpretation that has been utilised since the 1960s. However, some soaplands have, in previous decades, been prosecuted for violating the Anti-Prostitution Law, having been deemed to be places of prostitution, resulting in the cessation of these businesses.


title: Types of prostitution in modern Japan

text: A number of different types of soapland exist, typically located in complexes with varying numbers of soaplands. Well known complexes can be found in in , and in Tokyo, , in , in , in , in , and in . A number of other areas, especially in ("hot springs") towns, also feature soaplands. Although the main clientele for soaplands are men, there are also a few soaplands specifically for female clients. Prices for a session at a soapland vary depending on location, time of day, rank of provider, and length of the session.


title: Agoda

text: Agoda.com or just Agoda is a Singapore online travel agency for hotels, vacation rentals, flights, and airport transfer. It is owned by Agoda Company Pte. Ltd., headquartered in Singapore, and it is currently a subsidiary of Booking Holdings.


title: Agoda

text: Agoda’s bookings are made via its website and mobile app which are available in 38 languages. As of June 2021, Agoda lists 2.9 million properties worldwide, including private holiday home rentals. Agoda also offers iOS and Android apps for hotel and property owners.


title: Agoda

text: Agoda was co-founded in Singapore in 2005 by school friends Michael Kenny and Robert Rosenstein. Prior to Agoda, Michael Kenny started two other hotel booking websites, PlanetHoliday.com and PrecisionReservations.com, but combined companies, launching Agoda.com in 2005.


title: Agoda

text: In 2007, Agoda was acquired by Booking Holdings (formerly The Priceline Group). After several iterations of the website, Agoda launched iOS and Android mobile apps for booking hotels in July 2011.


title: Agoda

text: After Booking Holdings acquired Israel-based startup Qlika in 2014, the Qlika team joined Agoda to automate and scale its marketing systems. Following the acquisition of Qlika, senior executives at Agoda decided to expand the company's footprint in the country. A research center opened shortly afterward in the city of Tel Aviv.


title: Agoda

text: In May 2016, Booking Holdings acquired Taipei-based startup WooMoo. The startup was the creator of POP, a mobile app that focused on prototyping. The acquisition led to the WooMoo team relocating from Taipei to Agoda's office in Bangkok to work on mobile app development. That same month, Agoda reviews began to appear on Google search results.


title: Agoda

text: In 2017, Agoda initially refused to give a refund to a customer that booked a non-existent hotel. The incident gained traction on social media, and Agoda eventually paid a refund following a fraud complaint filed with the Thai government.


title: Agoda

text: Agoda began exploring non-hotel accommodations to appeal to millennials. The move came after research suggested "customers booking non-hotel accommodation are growing about 30 percent to 40 percent faster than people booking hotels." During an interview with Bloomberg, then Chief Executive John Brown identified China as a major market Agoda was in the process of expanding into.


title: Agoda

text: In 2017, Agoda, among other hotel sites, was subject to a probe by the Competition and Markets Authority in the United Kingdom. The probe was related to "concerns about hidden charges, pressure selling tactics, misleading discount claims and the order in which results appear on the site pages." Agoda agreed to change how it operates in response to this probe.


title: Agoda

text: In 2018, CEO and co-founder Rob Rosenstein became the Chairman of Agoda and a Strategic Advisor to Booking Holdings. John Wroughton Brown, the COO, was promoted as the new CEO of Agoda, with Chief Product Officer Omri Morgenshtern, who joined the company as part of the Qlika acquisition, named as the new COO.


title: Agoda

text: Also in 2017, the Tourism Minister of Thailand called for Agoda among others to drop illegal and unregistered hotels. Agoda was the main target of criticism among those criticized, and its success is part of what drove the Ministry of Tourism & Sports to create a competitive hotel booking website. In 2018, Agoda cooperated with the Taipei City Government's request to remove illegal and unregistered Taipei hotels from its listings. Agoda faced legal action from the Turkish Travel Agencies Association due to alleged unfair competition in relation to the country's competition law. It faced a potential ban as part of this lawsuit.


title: Agoda

text: In 2018, a customer who booked through the website had items stolen from her hotel room due to poor security. Although online travel agents are not typically liable in such cases, Agoda provided a goodwill refund, however, for legal reasons, the customer's defamatory review was removed from the site. A security consultant discussed how trying to avoid defamation charges in this way could potentially result in fewer negative reviews, or in reviews where negativity was diluted. Agoda claims it will remove any profanity, discriminatory statements, plagiarism, spam, links, and offensive material from reviews, and justifies strict moderation by saying criticism must be constructive, and viewpoints must be "honest, but fair."


title: Agoda

text: Soon after, the company announced interest in pursuing greater business emphasis in Israel and Europe, particularly expanding its Tel Aviv-based data science team, increase sales, and purchase promising Israeli startups. In 2019, Agoda launched a brand refresh with a new visual identity that saw the introduction of a streamlined logo, custom font, and cartoon mascots called Agojis based on the circles in the logo. The company said the changes reflected its growth from a start-up into a global brand. The company currently employs more than 4,000 people in 30 countries, with its headquarters in Singapore and an office in Bangkok.


title: Agoda

text: In 2019, Agoda was criticized for difficulties with customers removing their homes from the website. The customers cited customer service issues.


title: Agoda

text: In June 2022, John Brown left the position of CEO, with then-Chief Product Officer Omri Morgenshtern becoming the new CEO.Designers included Yael Levey,


title: Agoda

text: Agoda offers over 2.9 million properties globally. In South Korea, Agoda offers a Day Use product, which allows travelers to book rooms for just a few hours. Agoda B2B products include a white-label platform as a B2B “turn-key” solution for partners to provide their customers an online experience that they are used to, from customizable colors, URL, to product selection. In addition to its accommodation booking platform, Agoda also has its own flight product. This was introduced in October 2019.


title: Agoda

text: The Agoda VIP program enables participating properties to offer exclusive discounts to Agoda VIP status customers, categorized as VIPs because they have made a minimum of five bookings on Agoda in the past 24 months and are less inclined to cancel bookings. Hotel partners have VIP badges displayed on their property on both Agoda.com and on the Agoda mobile app.


title: Agoda

text: Agoda offers a "Book Without a Credit Card" option for hotels in Indonesia and Philippines, and is the first online digital travel booking platform to enable Australians to book and pay for their holiday accommodation via interest-free instalments.


title: Agoda

text: In November 2020, Agoda launched a page dedicated to Alternative State Quarantine hotel packages in Thailand for foreign travelers arriving during the pandemic. After closing international borders in April 2020, Thailand's COVID-19 policy required foreigners to spend 14 days/15 nights in state-approved hotels in Bangkok, with two PCR tests and daily temperature monitoring. Agoda also has quarantine hotel portals for the Philippines, Indonesia, India, and Hong Kong.


title: Agoda

text: Agoda Homes is the company's list of privately-owned accommodations, which include houses, apartments, and villas. As of 2021, Agoda claims to list more than 1.5 million private accommodations worldwide. During the pandemic, the company introduced the ability to book homes for extended stays of 30–90 days in keeping with government advice for travelers to practice social distancing.


title: Agoda

text: Agoda launched its biggest integrated campaign in July 2020, "GoLocal", which was aimed at stimulating domestic tourism across its the Asia Pacific and global markets. This was quickly followed by "GoLocal Tonight" in Indonesia, a program offering an additional 30% discount for same-day bookings on participating properties.


title: Agoda

text: That same year Agoda announced partnerships with governments and Destination Management Organizations leveraging technology, marketing expertise, and reach to help boost local economies by opening up tourism beyond traditional tourist areas in Thailand and Japan.


title: Agoda

text: Agoda also announced partnerships with AirAsia, as well as blockchain-based travel booking platform, Travala, listing over 600,000 properties on both these partner sites and making travel bookings payable in up to 30 cryptocurrencies on the latter.


title: Agoda

text: In November 2020, Agoda launched a partnership with Thailand's Ministry of Public Health to sell packages for travelers' mandatory COVID-19 quarantine, making Thailand one of the first countries in the world to digitalise the quarantine booking process. A partnership between Agoda and JTB in 2020 saw the revamp of the Rurubu Travel and JAPANiCAN sites, providing a white-label booking engine in exchange for access to local hotel inventory. As a result, Agoda was able to list an additional 20,000 Japan properties.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Paul William "Bear" Bryant (September 11, 1913 – January 26, 1983) was an American college football player and coach. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest college football coaches of all time, and best known as the head coach of the University of Alabama football team. During his 25-year tenure as Alabama's head coach, he amassed six national championships and thirteen conference championships. Upon his retirement in 1982, he held the record for the most wins (323) as a head coach in collegiate football history. The Paul W. Bryant Museum, Paul W. Bryant Hall, Paul W. Bryant Drive, and Bryant–Denny Stadium are all named in his honor at the University of Alabama. He was also known for his trademark black and white houndstooth hat, even though he normally wore a plaid one, deep voice, casually leaning up against the goal post during pre-game warmups, and holding his rolled-up game plan while on the sidelines. Before arriving at Alabama, Bryant was head football coach at the University of Maryland, the University of Kentucky, and Texas A&M University.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant was the 11th of 12 children who were born to Wilson Monroe Bryant and Ida Kilgore Bryant in Moro Bottom, Cleveland County, Arkansas. His nickname stemmed from his having agreed to wrestle a captive bear during a carnival promotion when he was 13 years old. His mother wanted him to be a minister, but Bryant told her "Coaching is a lot like preaching".


title: Bear Bryant

text: He attended Fordyce High School, where tall Bryant, who as an adult would eventually stand , began playing on the school's football team as an eighth grader. During his senior season, Bryant played offensive line and defensive end, and the team won the 1930 Arkansas state football championship.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant accepted a scholarship to play for the University of Alabama in 1931. Since he elected to leave high school before completing his diploma, Bryant had to enroll in a Tuscaloosa high school to finish his education during the fall semester while he practiced with the college team. Bryant played end for the Crimson Tide and was a participant on the school's 1934 national championship team. Bryant was the self-described "other end" during his playing years with the team, playing opposite the big star, Don Hutson, who later became a star in the National Football League and a Pro Football Hall of Famer. Bryant himself was second team All-Southeastern Conference in 1934, and was third team all conference in both 1933 and 1935. Bryant played with a partially broken leg in a 1935 game against Tennessee. Bryant was a member of Sigma Nu fraternity, and as a senior, he married Mary Harmon, which he kept a secret since Alabama did not allow active players to be married.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant was selected in the fourth round by the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1936 NFL Draft, but never played professional football.


title: Bear Bryant

text: After graduating from the University of Alabama in 1936, Bryant took a coaching job under A. B. Hollingsworth at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee, but he left that position when offered an assistant coaching position under Frank Thomas at the University of Alabama. Over the next four years, the team compiled a 29–5–3 record. In 1940, he left Alabama to become an assistant at Vanderbilt University under Henry Russell Sanders. During their 1940 season, Bryant served as head coach of the Commodores for their 7–7 tie against Kentucky as Sanders was recovering from an appendectomy. After the 1941 season, Bryant was offered the head coaching job at the University of Arkansas. However, Pearl Harbor was bombed soon thereafter, and Bryant declined the position to join the United States Navy. In 1942 he served as an assistant coach with the Georgia Pre-Flight Skycrackers.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant then served off North Africa, on the United States Army Transport "SS Uraguay", seeing no combat action. On 12 February 1943 in the North Atlantic the oil tanker USS Salamonie suffered a steering fault and accidentally rammed the SS Uruguay amidships. The tanker's bow made a 70-foot (21 m) hole in Uruguay's hull and penetrated her, killing 13 soldiers and injuring 50. The Uruguay's crew contained the damage by building a temporary bulkhead and three days later she reached Bermuda. President Franklin D. Roosevelt decorated Uruguay's Captain, Albert Spaulding, with the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal for saving many lives, his ship and her cargo.


title: Bear Bryant

text: He was later granted an honorable discharge to train recruits and coach the North Carolina Navy Pre-Flight football team. One of the players he coached for the Navy was the future Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Otto Graham. While in the navy, Bryant attained the rank of lieutenant commander.


title: Bear Bryant

text: In 1945, 32-year-old Bryant met Washington Redskins owner George Marshall at a cocktail party hosted by the "Chicago Tribune", and mentioned that he had turned down offers to be an assistant coach at Alabama and Georgia Tech because he was intent on becoming a head coach. Marshall put him in contact with Harry Clifton "Curley" Byrd, the president and former football coach of the University of Maryland.


title: Bear Bryant

text: After meeting with Byrd the next day, Bryant received the job as head coach of the Maryland Terrapins. In his only season at Maryland, Bryant led the team to a 6–2–1 record. However, Bryant and Byrd came into conflict. In the most prominent incident, while Bryant was on vacation, Byrd brought back a player that was suspended by Bryant for not following the team rules. After , Bryant left Maryland to take over as head coach at the University of Kentucky.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant coached at Kentucky for eight seasons. Under Bryant, Kentucky made its first bowl appearance in 1947 and won its first Southeastern Conference title in 1950. The 1950 Kentucky Wildcats football team finished with a school best 11–1 record and concluded the season with a victory over Bud Wilkinson's top-ranked Oklahoma Sooners in the Sugar Bowl. The final AP poll was released before bowl games in that era, so Kentucky ended the regular season ranked #7. But several other contemporaneous polls, as well as the Sagarin Ratings System applied retrospectively, declared Bryant's 1950 Wildcats to be the national champions, but neither the NCAA nor College Football Data Warehouse recognizes this claim. Bryant also led Kentucky to appearances in the Great Lakes Bowl, Orange Bowl, and Cotton Bowl Classic. Kentucky's final AP poll rankings under Bryant included #11 in 1949, #7 in 1950, #15 in 1951, #20 in 1952, and #16 in 1953. The 1950 season was Kentucky's highest rank until it finished #6 in the final 1977 AP Poll.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Though he led Kentucky's football program to its greatest achievement, Bryant resigned after the 1953 season because he felt that Adolph Rupp's basketball team would always be the school's primary sport. Years after leaving Lexington, Bryant had a better relationship with Rupp. For instance, Bryant was Alabama's athletic director in 1969 and called Rupp to ask if he had any recommendations for Alabama's new basketball coach. Rupp recommended C. M. Newton, a former backup player at Kentucky in the late 1940s. Newton went on to lead the Crimson Tide to three straight SEC titles.


title: Bear Bryant

text: In 1954, Bryant accepted the head coaching job at Texas A&M University. He also served as athletic director while at Texas A&M.


title: Bear Bryant

text: The Aggies suffered through a grueling 1–9 season in 1954, which began with the infamous training camp in Junction, Texas. The "survivors" were given the name "Junction Boys". Two years later, Bryant led the 1956 Texas A&M Aggies football team to the Southwest Conference championship with a 34–21 victory over the Texas Longhorns at Austin. The following year, Bryant's star back John David Crow won the Heisman Trophy, and the 1957 Aggies were in title contention until they lost to the #20 Rice Owls in Houston, amid rumors that Alabama would be going after Bryant.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Again, as at Kentucky, Bryant attempted to integrate the Texas A&M squad. "We'll be the last football team in the Southwest Conference to integrate", he was told by a Texas A&M official. "Well", Bryant replied, "then that's where we're going to finish in football."


title: Bear Bryant

text: At the close of the 1957 season, having compiled an overall 25–14–2 record at Texas A&M, Bryant returned to Tuscaloosa to take the head coaching position, succeeding Jennings B. Whitworth, as well as the athletic director job at Alabama.


title: Bear Bryant

text: When asked why he returned to his alma mater, Bryant replied, "Mama called. And when Mama calls, you just have to come runnin'." Bryant's first spring practice back at Alabama was much like what happened at Junction. Some of Bryant's assistants thought it was even more difficult, as dozens of players quit the team. After winning a combined four games in the three years before Bryant's arrival (including Alabama's only winless season on the field in modern times), the Tide went 5–4–1 in Bryant's first season. The next year, in 1959, Alabama beat Auburn and appeared in the inaugural Liberty Bowl, the first time the Crimson Tide had beaten Auburn or appeared in a bowl game in six years. In 1961, with quarterback Pat Trammell and football greats Lee Roy Jordan and Billy Neighbors, Alabama went 11–0 and defeated Arkansas 10–3 in the Sugar Bowl to claim the national championship.


title: Bear Bryant

text: The next three years (1962–1964) featured Joe Namath at quarterback and were among Bryant's finest. The 1962 season ended with a 17–0 victory in the Orange Bowl over Bud Wilkinson's Oklahoma Sooners. The 1963 season ended with a 12–7 victory over Ole Miss in the Sugar Bowl, which was the first game between the two Southeastern Conference neighbors in almost 20 years, and only the second in 30 years. In 1964, the Tide won another national championship, but lost 21–17 to Texas in the Orange Bowl, in the first nationally televised college game in color. The Tide ended up sharing the 1964 national title with Arkansas, as the Razorbacks won the Cotton Bowl Classic, and had beaten Texas in Austin. Before 1968, the AP and UPI polls gave out their championships before the bowl games. The AP ceased this practice before the 1968 season, but the UPI continued until 1973. The 1965 Crimson Tide repeated as champions after defeating Nebraska, 39–28, in the Orange Bowl. Coming off back-to-back national championship seasons, Bryant's 1966 Alabama team went undefeated in, beating a strong Nebraska team, 34–7, in the Sugar Bowl. However, Alabama finished third in the nation behind Michigan State and champions Notre Dame, who had previously played to a 10–10 tie in a late regular season game. In a biography of Bryant written by Allen Barra, the author suggests that the major polling services refused to elect Alabama as national champion for a third straight year because of Alabama Governor George Wallace's recent stand against integration


title: Bear Bryant

text: The 1967 Alabama team was billed as another national championship contender with star quarterback Kenny Stabler returning, but they stumbled out of the gate and tied Florida State, 37–37, at Legion Field. Alabama finished the year at 8–2–1, losing 20–16 in the Cotton Bowl Classic to Texas A&M, coached by former Bryant player and assistant coach Gene Stallings. In 1968, Bryant again could not match his previous successes, as the team went 8–3, losing to the Missouri, 35–10, in the Gator Bowl.


title: Bear Bryant

text: The 1969 and 1970 teams finished 6–5 and 6–5–1 respectively. After these disappointing efforts, many began to wonder if the 57-year-old Bryant was washed up. He himself began feeling the same way and considered either retiring from coaching or leaving college football for the National Football League (NFL).


title: Bear Bryant

text: For years, Bryant was accused of racism<ref name="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331012951/http://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3104&context=cq"></ref> for refusing to recruit black players. (He had tried to do so at Kentucky in the late 40s but was denied by then University President, Herman Donovan)


title: Bear Bryant

text: . Bryant said that the prevailing social climate and the overwhelming presence of noted segregationist George Wallace in Alabama, first as governor and then as a presidential candidate, did not let him do this. He finally was able to convince the administration to allow him to do so, leading to the recruitment of Wilbur Jackson as Alabama's first black scholarship player who was recruited in 1969 and signed in the Spring of 1970. Junior-college transfer John Mitchell became the first black player for Alabama in 1971 because freshmen, thus Jackson, were not eligible to play at that time. They would both be a credit to the University by their conduct and play, thus widening the door and warming the welcome for many more to follow. By 1973, one-third of the team's starters were black, and Mitchell became the Tide's first black coach that season.


title: Bear Bryant

text: In 1971, Bryant began engineering a comeback. This included abandoning Alabama's old power offense for the relatively new wishbone formation. Darrell Royal, the Texas football coach whose assistant, Emory Bellard virtually invented the wishbone, taught Bryant its basics, but Bryant developed successful variations of the wishbone that Royal had never used. The change helped make the remainder of the decade a successful one for the Crimson Tide.


title: Bear Bryant

text: The 1971 Alabama Crimson Tide football team went undefeated in the regular season and rose to #2 in the AP Poll, but were dominated by top-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant's 1973 squad split national championships with Notre Dame, who defeated Alabama, 24–23, in the Sugar Bowl. The UPI thereafter moved its final poll until after the bowl games.


title: Bear Bryant

text: The 1978 Alabama Crimson Tide football team split the national title with USC despite losing to the Trojans in September. The Trojans would lose later in the year to three-loss Arizona State and drop to number 3. At the end of the year, number 2 Alabama would beat undefeated and top-ranked Penn State in the Sugar Bowl, with the famous late-game goal line stand to preserve the victory.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant coached at Alabama for 25 years, winning six national titles (1961, 1964, 1965, 1973, 1978, and 1979) and thirteen SEC championships. Bryant's win over in-state rival Auburn, coached by former Bryant assistant Pat Dye on November 28, 1981, was Bryant's 315th as a head coach, which was the most of any head coach at that time. His all-time record as a coach was 323–85–17.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant was a heavy smoker and drinker for most of his life, and his health began to decline in the late 1970s. He collapsed due to a cardiac episode in 1977 and decided to enter alcohol rehab, but resumed drinking after only a few months of sobriety. Bryant experienced a mild stroke in 1980 that weakened the left side of his body and another cardiac episode in 1981 and was taking a battery of medications in his final years.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Shortly before his death, Bryant met with evangelist Robert Schuller on a plane flight and the two talked extensively about religion, which apparently made an impression on the coach, who felt considerable guilt over his mistreatment of the Junction Boys and hiding his smoking and drinking habits from his mother.


title: Bear Bryant

text: After a sixth-place SEC finish in the 1982 season that included losses to LSU and Tennessee, each for the first time since 1970, Bryant, who had turned 69 that September, announced his retirement, stating, "This is my school, my alma mater. I love it and I love my players. But in my opinion, they deserved better coaching than they have been getting from me this year." His final loss was to Auburn in Bo Jackson's freshman season. His last game was a 21–15 victory in the Liberty Bowl in Memphis, Tennessee, over the University of Illinois. After the game, Bryant was asked what he planned to do now that he was retired. He replied, "Probably croak in a week."


title: Bear Bryant

text: Four weeks after making that comment, and just one day after passing a routine medical checkup, on January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain. A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.


title: Bear Bryant

text: His personal physician, Dr. William Hill, said that he was amazed that Bryant had been able to coach Alabama to two national championships in what would be the last five years of his life, given the poor state of his health. First news of Bryant's death came from Bert Bank (WTBC Radio Tuscaloosa) and on the NBC Radio Network (anchored by Stan Martyn and reported by Stewart Stogel). On his hand at the time of his death was the only piece of jewelry he ever wore, a gold ring inscribed "Junction Boys". He is interred at Birmingham's Elmwood Cemetery. A month after his death, Bryant was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award, by President Ronald Reagan. A moment of silence was held before Super Bowl XVII, played four days after Bryant's death.


title: Bear Bryant

text: In 1962, Bryant filed a libel suit against "The Saturday Evening Post" for printing an article by Furman Bisher ("College Football Is Going Berserk") that charged him with encouraging his players to engage in brutality in a 1961 game against the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. Six months later, the magazine published "The Story of a College Football Fix" that charged Bryant and Georgia Bulldogs athletic director and ex-coach Wally Butts with conspiring to fix their 1962 game together in Alabama's favor. Butts also sued Curtis Publishing Co. for libel. The case was decided in Butts' favor in the US District Court of Northern Georgia in August 1963, but Curtis Publishing appealed to the Supreme Court. As a result of "Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts" 388 U.S. 130 (1967), Curtis Publishing was ordered to pay $3,060,000 in damages to Butts. The case is considered a landmark case because it established conditions under which a news organization can be held liable for defamation of a "public figure". Bryant reached a separate out-of-court settlement on both of his cases for $300,000 against Curtis Publishing in January 1964.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Many of Bryant's former players and assistant coaches went on to become head coaches at the collegiate level and in the National Football League. Danny Ford (Clemson, 1981), Howard Schnellenberger (Miami of Florida, 1983), and Gene Stallings (Alabama, 1992), one of the Junction Boys, all won national championships as head coaches for NCAA programs while Joey Jones, Mike Riley, and David Cutcliffe are active head coaches in the NCAA. Charles McClendon, Jerry Claiborne, Sylvester Croom, Jim Owens, Jackie Sherrill, Bill Battle, Bud Moore and Pat Dye were also notable NCAA head coaches. Croom was the SEC's first African-American head coach at Mississippi State from 2004 through 2008.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Super Bowl LV winning NFL head coach Bruce Arians was a running backs coach under Bryant in 1981–82. Arians also served as a successful head coach of the Arizona Cardinals, leading them to just their second ever appearance in the NFC Championship Game in 2015.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Ozzie Newsome, who played for Bryant at Alabama from 1974 to 1977, played professional football for the Cleveland Browns for 13 seasons (1978-1990), and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1999. Newsome was the general manager of the Cleveland Browns-Baltimore Ravens from 1996 through 2018. Newsome was the GM of the Ravens' Super Bowl XXXV championship team in 2000, and their Super Bowl XLVII championship team in 2012.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Jack Pardee, one of the Junction Boys, played linebacker in the NFL for 16 seasons with the Los Angeles Rams and Washington Redskins, was a college head coach at the University of Houston, and an NFL head coach with Chicago, Washington, and Houston.


title: Bear Bryant

text: Bryant was portrayed by Gary Busey in the 1984 film "The Bear", by Sonny Shroyer in the 1994 film "Forrest Gump", Tom Berenger in the 2002 film "The Junction Boys", and Jon Voight in the 2015 film "Woodlawn".


title: Bear Bryant

text: In a 1980 interview with "Time" magazine, Bryant admitted that he had been too hard on the Junction Boys and "If I were one of their players, I probably would have quit too."


title: Bear Bryant

text: In his 38 seasons as a head coach, Bryant had 37 winning seasons and participated in a total of 29 postseason bowl games, including 24 consecutively at Alabama. He won 15 bowl games, including eight Sugar Bowls. Bryant still holds the records as the youngest college football head coach to win 300 games and compile 30 winning seasons.


title: Mobile telephone numbering in India

text: In India, mobile numbers (including pagers) on GSM, WCDMA, and LTE networks start with either 9, 8, 7 or 6. Each telecom circle is allowed to have multiple private operators; earlier it was two private + BSNL/MTNL, subsequently it changed to three private + BSNL/MTNL in GSM; now each telecom circle has all four operators including Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone idea ltd and BSNL/MTNL.


title: Mobile telephone numbering in India

text: defined in the National Numbering Plan as XXXXX-NNNNN. Here, "XXXXX" identifies the network operator and the telecom circle while "NNNNN" identifies the subscriber.


title: Mobile telephone numbering in India

text: The Department of Telecommunications has divided India into various telecom circles such that within each circle, the call is treated as a local call, while across zones, it becomes a long-distance call. As of July 2018 there are 22 telecom circles or service areas. They are classified into four categories: Metro, A, B, C. Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata fall under Metro category.


title: Mobile telephone numbering in India

text: A telecom circle is normally the entire state, with a few exceptions like Mumbai and Kolkata (which are different zones than their respective states), Goa (which is a part of the Maharashtra zone), Chhattisgarh (which is part of Madhya Pradesh), Sikkim (which is part of West Bengal) Jharkhand (which is a part of the Bihar zone), Northeastern states except Assam and Sikkim (which are part of Northeast zone) or Uttar Pradesh (divided into east and west zones). Delhi is a unique circle because it includes towns from Haryana (Gurgaon and Faridabad) and Uttar Pradesh (Noida and Ghaziabad) as well. The new state of Telangana remains in the same circle as Andhra Pradesh.


title: Mobile telephone numbering in India

text: From May 20, 2005, calls between Mumbai Metro and Maharashtra Telecom Circle, between Chennai Metro and Tamil Nadu Telecom Circle, and between Uttar Pradesh (East) and Uttar Pradesh (West) Telecom Circle service areas are merged in Inter service area connected in the above-mentioned four states would be treated as intra-service area call for the purposes of routing as well as Access Deficit Charges (ADC). The dialing procedure for calls within a state for these states would also be simplified, i.e. dialing of mobile-to mobile subscribers and fixed-to-mobile subscribers would be without prefixing '0'.


title: Mobile telephone numbering in India

text: In December 2017, Reliance Jio started with the newest of all, "the six-series-mobile numbers", keeping in mind the growing number of users in India. The growth in the number of 4G users in the country has made the 4G base larger than the 2G users in India pushing number of 2G users to second position.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: Sierra Canyon School (SCS) is a private, coeducational university-preparatory day school located in Los Angeles, California. Sierra Canyon enrolls students in preschool through grade 12.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: Sierra Canyon School is accredited by the California Association of Independent Schools (CAIS). SCS is a member of National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: Sierra Canyon School began in 1972 as the Sierra Canyon Day Camp, started by founders Mick Horwitz and Howard Wang, a proprietary endeavor that became the impetus for starting the school. In 1978, the needs of the North San Fernando Valley spurred the evolution from a day camp into Sierra Canyon Elementary School. The elementary school began with 150 students, spanning Early Kindergarten through 6th grade.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: In 1990, Sierra Canyon was the only school in Los Angeles, and the only private school in California, to be honored as a Recognized School of Excellence by the U.S. Department of Education. Founding directors Mick Horwitz and Howard Wang, and Principal Ann Gillinger received the Blue Ribbon Award of Excellence in Education from President George H. W. Bush at the White House.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: By 2001, the school had grown to nearly 700 students from early kindergarten through 8th grade. An independent, non-sectarian, co-educational high school had not been built in the San Fernando Valley since 1961, during which time the Valley's population had grown by 60 percent. The need for a high school prompted the founders to appoint James P. Skrumbis as head of school in 2004 in order to expand and open an Upper School. The new Upper School opened in 2006, serving 7th through 12th grades. The upper and lower schools merged and incorporated as a non-profit organization for early kindergarten through 12th grade and established itself as a college preparatory private school. Sierra Canyon graduated its first senior class in June 2009.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: Sierra Canyon School offers all students a fully UC-approved, comprehensive, four-year curriculum that includes extensive honors and advanced-placement courses. At the beginning of the seventh grade year, each student is assigned an academic advisor.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: The SCS International Program welcomes nearly 70 foreign students from countries such as Brazil, China, Germany, India, Korea, Russia, and Singapore to its Upper Campus each year to study with fellow students in 9th through 12th grades.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: Sierra Canyon School participates in a full range of interscholastic athletics as a member of the CIF Southern Section. Boys' teams include lacrosse, football, baseball, basketball, soccer, tennis, wrestling, cross country, track, golf, and swimming during the school year. Girls have the opportunity to compete in soccer, basketball, tennis, softball, beach volleyball, cross country, track, swimming, and volleyball.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: In 2009, the girls' basketball team became the first to win a California Interscholastic Federation Southern Section title in any sport for the school.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: In 2015, the boys' and girls' basketball teams won California Interscholastic Federation State championships. It was the first time in school history that both the boys' and girls' teams won a state basketball championship in the same year. The girls' basketball championship was their third consecutive state title.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: In 2015, the girls' soccer team won the California Interscholastic Federation Regional championships. The football team won the California Interscholastic Federation Southern Section championship, and the following year, 2016, the Trailblazers won the CIF-Southern Section Championship, won the CIF State Southern California regional and won the CIF State championship, finishing the season with a 16-0 record.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: In the 2016 fall season, the Trailblazers won the CIF-SS Division 4 Championship in Football and won its first ever CIF-SS Championship in girls' volleyball. During winter, the Trailblazers won their third ever CIF-SS soccer championship and second regional championship.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: The 2016-2017 school year was very successful, as the Trailblazers won a school record eight league titles (football, girls' volleyball, boys' basketball, girls' soccer, lacrosse, golf, and softball).


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: In 2017, Sierra Canyon girls' volleyball team won the regional and state championships, the first state volleyball championship for the school.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: In 2019, the boys' high school basketball team added Bronny James, son of NBA player LeBron James, later joined by five-star basketball recruit Ziaire Williams and Zaire Wade, son of NBA player Dwyane Wade.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: The Sierra Canyon boys' basketball team held a media day on October 10, 2019 - one of few high school teams to do so. The media day attracted local and national news outlets.


title: Sierra Canyon School

text: The campus is park-like with more than 700 trees, groomed lawns, flowers, and a custom designed horse trail on the lower campus which continues into Brown's Canyon. The lower campus includes a computer lab, a music room, and library. The upper campus includes a technology center, a media center for digital filmmaking, the black-box theater, and the Upper School Library. In the Spring of 2010, the student-designed Community Garden was added at the top of the campus.


title: Flag of Wales

text: The flag of Wales ( or , meaning 'the red dragon') consists of a red dragon passant on a green and white field. As with many heraldic charges, the exact representation of the dragon is not standardised and many renderings exist. It is not represented in the Union Flag.


title: Flag of Wales

text: The red dragon of Wales personifies the fearlessness of the Welsh nation. Vortigern () King of the Celtic Britons from Powys is interrupted whilst attempting to build a fort at Dinas Emrys. He is told by Merlin/Ambrosius () to dig up two dragons beneath the castle. He discovers a red dragon representing the Celtic Britons (now Welsh) and a white dragon representing Anglo-Saxons (now English). Merlin/Ambrosius prophecises that the Celtic Britons will reclaim the island and push the Anglo-Saxons back to the sea.


title: Flag of Wales

text: As an emblem, the red dragon of Wales has been used since the reign of Cadwaladr, King of Gwynedd from around 655 AD. The Red Welsh dragon is often described as the "Red Dragon of Cadwaladr" for this reason. Historia Brittonum was written circa 828, and by this point the dragon was no longer just a military symbol but associated with a coming deliverer from the Saxons, and for the first time as a symbol of independence. It is also the first time that the colour of the dragon is verifiably given as red. Nevertheless there may well be an older attribution of red to the colour of the dragon in Y Gododdin. The story of Lludd a Llefelys in the Mabinogion settles the matter, firmly establishing the red dragon of the Celtic Britons being in opposition with the white dragon of the Saxons. Tudor colours of green and white were added by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, after which it was carried in state to St Paul's Cathedral and a dragon added as a supporter of the Tudor royal arms.


title: Flag of Wales

text: It was officially recognised as the Welsh national flag in 1959. Several cities include a dragon in their flag design, including Cardiff, the Welsh capital.


title: Flag of Wales

text: Historia Brittonum was written circa 828, and by this point the dragon was no longer just a military symbol but associated with a coming deliverer from the Saxons, and for the first time as a symbol of independence. It is also the first time that the colour of the dragon is verifiably given as red. Nevertheless there may well be an older attribution of red to the colour of the dragon in Y Gododdin. The story of Lludd a Llefelys in the Mabinogion settles the matter, firmly establishing the red dragon of the Celtic Britons being in opposition with the white dragon of the Saxons.


title: Flag of Wales

text: The dragon of Wales was used by numerous Welsh rulers as a propaganda tool; to portray their links to the Arthurian legend, the title given to such rulers is Y Mab Darogan (The prophesied Son). The Welsh term was used to refer to Welsh leaders including Owain Gwynedd, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (Llywelyn the Last) and "the dragon" Owain Glyndŵr. Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, a court poet to Owain Gwynedd refers to him in one elegy, personifying him as "The golden dragon of Snowdonia of eagles".


title: Flag of Wales

text: Henry VII recognised the red dragon upon its blessing at Saint Paul's Cathedral following his victory at Bosworth Field under the realm of 'England and Wales' in 1485, the United Kingdom would not recognise the flag's official status again until 1959, despite the dragon being used by Romanised Celtic Britons since at least the fall of the Roman empire in 6th century AD.


title: Flag of Wales

text: Some historians have theorised that the Welsh Dragon symbol developed from the Draco standards borne by the Roman cavalry. These symbols were brought to Britain during the Roman occupation and were in turn inspired by the symbols of the Dacians or Parthians. One notable Draco symbol which may have influenced the Welsh dragon is that of the Sarmatians, who contributed to the cavalry units stationed in Ribchester from the 2nd to 4th centuries.


title: Flag of Wales

text: The oldest written record of the Welsh dragon is in the . Historia Brittonum was written circa 828, and by this point the dragon was no longer just a military symbol but associated with a coming deliverer from the Saxons, and for the first time as a symbol of independence. It is also the first time that the colour of the dragon is verifiably given as red. Nevertheless there may well be an older attribution of red to the colour of the dragon in Y Gododdin. The story of Lludd a Llefelys in the Mabinogion settles the matter, firmly establishing the red dragon of the Celtic Britons being in opposition with the white dragon of the Saxons.


title: Flag of Wales

text: A version of the tale also appears as part of the poem "" in the . One twelfth-century account of this is Geoffrey of Monmouth's , where he states Merlin's prophecies. The red dragon is popularly believed to have been the battle standard of Arthur.


title: Flag of Wales

text: As an emblem, the red dragon of Wales has been used since the reign of Cadwaladr, King of Gwynedd from around 655AD. The Red Welsh dragon is often described as the "Red Dragon of Cadwaladr" for this reason. Later Taliesin poems reference the return of Cadwaladr (r. circa 655 to 682) and coming Saxon liberation. Nevertheless these are perhaps as old as late 7th century, and speak of the .


title: Flag of Wales

text: The Senior line of the House of Aberffraw descended from Prince Llywelyn the Great in patriline succession and became extinct on the death of Owain Lawgoch in 1378.


title: Flag of Wales

text: In 1400, raised the dragon standard during his revolts against the occupation of Wales by the English crown. 's banner known as ('The Golden Dragon') was raised over during the Battle of Tuthill in 1401 against the English. The flag has ancient origins, chose to fly the standard of a golden dragon on a white background, the traditional standard.


title: Flag of Wales

text: In 1485, the most significant link between the symbol of the red dragon and Wales occurred when Henry Tudor flew the red dragon of Cadwaladr during his invasion of England. Henry was of Welsh descent and after leaving France with an army of 2,000, landed at Milford Haven on 7 August. He made capital of his Welsh ancestry in gathering support and gaining safe passage through Wales. Henry met and fought Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, and in victory took the English throne. After the battle, Henry carried the red dragon standard in state to St Paul's Cathedral, and later the Tudor livery of green and white was added to the flag.


title: Flag of Wales

text: In 1807, the red dragon on a green mount was adopted as the Royal Badge of Wales, and on 11 March 1953 the motto ('The red dragon gives impetus' or 'The red dragon leads the way') was added, a line from the poem by . The badge was the basis of a flag of Wales in which it was placed on a horizontal white and green bicolour. However, the flag was the subject of derision, both because the tail pointed downwards in some iterations and because the motto was a potential double entendre, used in the original poem to allude to the penis of a copulating bull. In 1959, government use of this flag was dropped in favour of the current flag at the urging of the of Bards. Today the flag can be seen flying from the in Cardiff, and from Welsh Government buildings.


title: Flag of Wales

text: In 2017 the Unicode Consortium approved emoji support for the Flag of Wales following a proposal from Jeremy Burge of Emojipedia and Owen Williams of BBC Wales in 2016. This was added to major smartphone platforms alongside the flags of England and Scotland in the same year. Prior to this update, "The Telegraph" reported that users had "been able to send emojis of the Union Flag, but not of the individual nations".


title: Flag of Wales

text: The flag of Saint David, a yellow cross on a black field, is used in the emblem of the Diocese of St Davids and is flown on St David's Day. In recent times the flag has been adopted as a symbol of Welsh nationalism. Some organisations, such as the Christian Party use this flag instead of , citing their dissatisfaction with the current flag.


title: Flag of Wales

text: An ensign for use aboard ships used by the Welsh Government, such as the patrol boats of the Marine and Fisheries Division, was granted in 2017.


title: Flag of Wales

text: The flag of Wales has been used by those in the arts, sport and business to show a sense of patriotism or recognition with Wales. During the 1999 Rugby World Cup, which was hosted in Wales, the opening ceremony used the motif of the dragon several times, though most memorably, the flag was worn on a dress by Welsh singer Shirley Bassey.


title: Flag of Wales

text: Other musicians to have used the flag, include Nicky Wire of Manic Street Preachers, who will often drape the Welsh flag over amps when playing live, and Cerys Matthews who has worn the image on her clothes, while classical singer Katherine Jenkins has taken the flag on stage during live performances.


title: Flag of Wales

text: Former Pink Floyd bassist, Roger Waters's album "Radio K.A.O.S." (1987) follows the story of a young disabled Welsh man, grounded in California, who regularly expresses nostalgia and a hope for return to his home country. The chorus of "Sunset Strip" uses the imagery of the flag of Wales to further emphasise this:


title: Flag of Wales

text: In 2018, the flag made an unexpected appearance in "Black Panther", during a scene set in the United Nations. The flag is displayed alongside those of independent sovereign nations, leading to speculation that Wales is an independent nation in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The scene led to comments and discussions, including from the Welsh Government and Plaid Cymru.


title: Acme Corporation

text: The ACME Corporation is a name for this exaggerated and fictional corporation appearing in various Warner Bros. cartoon shorts, where this was done as a running gag because this large array of products which are dangerous, unreliable or preposterous.


title: Acme Corporation

text: The name Acme comes from the Greek (ἀκμή, English transliteration: "akmē"), meaning summit, highest point, extremity or peak. It has been falsely claimed to be an acronym, either for "A Company Making Everything", "American Companies Make Everything", or "American Company that Manufactures Everything." During the 1920s, the word was commonly used in the names of businesses in order to be listed toward the beginning of alphabetized telephone directories like the Yellow Pages, and implied being the best. It is used in an ironic sense in cartoons, because the products are often failure-prone or explosive.


title: Acme Corporation

text: The name Acme began being depicted in film starting in the silent era, such as the 1920 "Neighbors" with Buster Keaton and the 1922 "Grandma's Boy" with Harold Lloyd, continuing with TV series, such as in early episodes of "I Love Lucy" and "The Andy Griffith Show", comic strips and cartoons, especially those made by , and commercials. It briefly appeared in the Walt Disney Donald Duck episodes "Cured Duck" released in 1945 and "Three for Breakfast" released in 1948. It also appears as the ACME Mining company owned by the villain Rod Lacy in the 1952 Western "The Duel at Silver Creek" and in a 1938 short "Violent Is the Word for Curly" where The Three Stooges appear as gas station attendants at an "Acme" Service Station. It was also used in the Pink Panther Show, where the name Acme was used on several episodes of the show's first installment in 1969, one of them being "Pink Pest Control".


title: Acme Corporation

text: A whistle named 'Acme City', made from mid-1870s onwards by J Hudson & Co, followed by the "Acme Thunderer", and "Acme siren" in 1895, were the early brand names bearing the names with the word 'Acme'. At the time the Acme Traffic Signal Company produced the traffic lights in Los Angeles, the city where Warner Bros. was making its cartoons. Instead of today's amber/yellow traffic light, bells rang as the small red and green lights with "Stop" and "Go" semaphore arms changed — a process that took five seconds.


title: Acme Corporation

text: The company is never clearly defined in "Road Runner" cartoons but appears to be a conglomerate which produces every product type imaginable, no matter how elaborate or extravagant—most of which never work as desired or expected (some products do work very well, but backfire against the coyote). In the "Road Runner" cartoon "Beep, Beep", it was referred to as "Acme Rocket-Powered Products, Inc." based in Fairfield, New Jersey. Many of its products appear to be produced specifically for Wile E. Coyote; for example, the Acme Giant Rubber Band, subtitled "(For Tripping Road Runners)".


title: Acme Corporation

text: While their products leave much to be desired, Acme delivery service is second to none; Wile E. can merely drop an order into a mailbox (or enter an order on a website, as in the "" movie), and have the product in his hands within seconds.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: Slumberland is a 2022 American fantasy adventure film directed by Francis Lawrence and written by David Guion and Michael Handelman. Based on the comic strip "Little Nemo in Slumberland" by Winsor McCay, the film stars Jason Momoa, Marlow Barkley, Chris O'Dowd, Kyle Chandler, and Weruche Opia. It tells the story of a young girl who goes to live with her uncle after her father is lost at sea. In her dreams she enters Slumberland and befriends a renegade character who is involved in a plot to get to the Sea of Nightmares and obtain a special pearl. The pearl may have the power to reunite her with her father.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: "Slumberland" was released on November 18, 2022, by Netflix. It received generally mixed reviews from critics.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: Nemo is a young girl who lives in a lighthouse with her father Peter ever since her mom died. Peter teaches Nemo how to maintain the lighthouse and tells her wild bedtime stories about his adventures with a character named Flip, and one of their adventures involve the searching for a cave of magical wish-granting pearls.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: One day, a storm occurs and Peter is lost at sea trying to help a distressed boat. Carla informs Nemo of what happened. With Peter lost at sea, Carla contacts her uncle Philip and persuades him to take Nemo in before she becomes a ward of the state. Philip is shown to lead a monotonous and unfulfilling life. Nemo struggles to adjust to her new life and is an outcast at school as she meets school counselor Ms. Arya and a student named Jamal.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: Nemo is awakened one night when her stuffed pig (named Pig) comes to life, finding herself in Slumberland, the world between dreams. She is carried back to the lighthouse by her animated bed, where she meets Flip, a stubborn and unscrupulous outlaw. Nemo recognizes Flip as the character from the stories her father told. He asks Nemo about a magical map, but she is unaware of it. With no use for Nemo, Flip pushes her off a cliff to wake her up. Nemo finds the map in the waking world and manages to take it back to Slumberland, where Flip begrudgingly agrees to take her with him to the pearls so she can wish her father into her dreams.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: Flip tells Nemo that he has refused to wake up for so long he no longer remembers who he was when awake. He uses the map as a guide through various dreams to get to the cave. They travel through multiple dreams of different people and are attacked by a cloud of smoke resembling a kraken, a personification of the nightmare of Nemo's father being taken by the same creature. The duo also find themselves being chased down by Agent Green of the Bureau of Subconscious Activities (BoSA), who wants to imprison Flip for never waking up and intruding dreams. They use more dreams to flee Green, but are eventually caught. Green locks Flip up and warns Nemo that she cannot control her dreams before waking her up.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: In the waking world, Philip shows Nemo an old video tape of him and Peter as children playing together. Nemo realizes that Flip is Philip's dream alter-ego. As Flip has not woken up, Philip remains docile and unadventurous in the waking world. Nemo borrows Philip's lock-picking tools and goes to Slumberland to rescue Flip from the BoSA. The two use more dreams to flee Green, finding their way back to the lighthouse. Nemo tells Flip who he is, and he rebukes this, stating that he will never wake up. Before she can dive into the ocean to find the pearls, Nemo is awakened and torn out of Slumberland by Ms. Arya, who reports on Nemo's progress in school to Philip. This leads to an argument between Nemo and Philip.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: That night, Nemo sneaks out of Philip's apartment and sails through rough water back to the lighthouse in the waking world. She hits her head and passes out in the boat, sending her back into Slumberland. In the Sea of Nightmares, Nemo acquires a wishing pearl, but is chased by the nightmare. Flip arrives to save her in an airplane, and they crash their way through the various dreams from earlier, which also awakens their inhabitants. In the waking world, Nemo slips off the small sailboat and into the water. Philip arranges a rescue boat manned by Carla and two co-workers and heads towards the lighthouse, terrified by the storm. The nightmare grabs Flip, and Nemo uses her wish to force Flip to wake up. In the waking world, Philip is emboldened and dives into the water to rescue Nemo, who is unconscious.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: In Slumberland, Green finds Nemo and commends her on using her wish to save Flip. Green gives Nemo another pearl, which she uses to see her father again. Peter appears and the two spend some quality time together, before he tells Nemo he is proud of her, and that life is waiting for her in the waking world. Nemo says goodbye to her father and wakes up, where Phillip embraces her, now embedded with the personality of Flip.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: Nemo begins to improve her life in the waking world, making friends at school and repairing her relationship with her uncle as they make use of one of Peter's boats for sailing.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: On March 3, 2020, it was announced that Jason Momoa would star in a live-action adaptation of the comic strip series "Little Nemo in Slumberland" by Winsor McCay from director Francis Lawrence, with Netflix distributing and production starting in the summer of that same year. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, filming for the project was postponed. On October 12, 2020, Kyle Chandler joined the cast of the film, where Chris O'Dowd and Marlow Barkley had already been confirmed to star. The following year, on February 18, Weruche Opia and India de Beaufort were cast.


title: Slumberland (film)

text: Pinar Toprak composed the musical score. DNEG and Framestore provided the visual effects. Additional VFX was done by Scanline VFX, Ghost VFX, Important Looking Pirates, Outpost VFX, Rodeo FX, Incessant Rain Studios. and Pinscreen, which did AI VFX. The film's main and end titles were done by Imaginary Forces.


title: 'Nduja

text: <nowiki>'</nowiki>Nduja () is a spicy, spreadable pork sausage from the region of Calabria in Southern Italy. It is similar to sobrassada from the Balearic Islands in Spain, and is loosely based on the French andouille. It is Calabria's contribution to the many types of Italian salumi, and originates from the area around the small Calabrian town of Spilinga.


title: 'Nduja

text: 'Nduja is made using meat from the head (minus the jowls, which are used for guanciale), trimmings from various meat cuts, some clean skin, fatback, and roasted Calabrian chilli peppers, which give 'nduja its characteristic fiery taste. These are all minced together, then stuffed in large sausage casings and smoked, creating a soft large sausage, from where the spicy mixture later is scooped out as needed. 'Nduja is mainly served with slices of bread or with ripe cheese. Its unique taste makes it suitable for a variety of dishes. For example, it can be added to pasta sauces. It is sold in jars or as thick slices from the soft 'nduja sausage. In the past 'nduja was a mix of remnants of meat, eaten by poor people in Southern Italy.


title: 'Nduja

text: 'Nduja's popularity boomed around 2015–2016 in the US and the UK, and it was featured in dishes at restaurants including New York City's Spotted Pig and London's Temple and Sons.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Troy Donahue (born Merle Johnson Jr., January 27, 1936 – September 2, 2001) was an American film and television actor and singer. He was a popular sex symbol in the 1950s and 1960s.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Born in New York City, Donahue was the son of a retired stage actress and the manager of the motion-picture department of General Motors. Donahue stated in a 1959 interview:


title: Troy Donahue

text: Acting is all I ever wanted. Ever since I can remember, I've studied and read plays. My mother would help me, but my parents didn't want me to become an actor. They preferred something more stable—doctor, lawyer, Indian chief, anything.


title: Troy Donahue

text: "I can remember always being exposed to Broadway and theater people", he added in 1984. "I can remember sitting with Gertrude Lawrence while she read her reviews in "The King and I"."


title: Troy Donahue

text: To please his parents, Donahue attended a New York military academy, where he met Francis Ford Coppola. He was going to attend West Point, but suffered a knee injury at a track meet. He volunteered for the army, but was rejected.


title: Troy Donahue

text: When Donahue was 18, he moved to New York and got a job as a messenger in a film company founded by his father (who had died when he was 14). He was fired, he says, because he was too young to join the union. He attended Columbia University and studied journalism. He acted in summer stock in Bucks County. He trained briefly with Ezra Stone, and then moved to Hollywood.


title: Troy Donahue

text: One evening, producer William Asher and director James Sheldon spotted Donahue in a diner in Malibu and arranged for a screen test with Columbia Pictures, but it was unsuccessful.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Some time later, Donahue was in a car accident in which he drove off a road and plunged 40 feet down a canyon.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Actress Fran Bennett introduced him to agent Henry Willson, who represented Rock Hudson, among others. Willson signed him and changed his name to Troy Donahue.


title: Troy Donahue

text: "At first they had Paris, the lover of Helen of Troy, in mind", Donahue says. "But I guess they thought they couldn't name me Paris Donahue because there was already a Paris, France, and Paris, Illinois." He later added, "it took me five minutes to get used to [my]" new name.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue signed with Universal Studios in October 1956. They started him off in small roles in films such as "Man Afraid", "Man of a Thousand Faces", "The Tarnished Angels", "Above All Things", and "The Monolith Monsters" (all 1957).


title: Troy Donahue

text: In 1958, he was also used in "Summer Love", and had a slightly bigger part in "Live Fast, Die Young". He began appearing on TV in a guest part in "Man Without a Gun". This was followed by parts in "This Happy Feeling", "Wild Heritage", "Voice in the Mirror", "The Perfect Furlough", and "Monster on the Campus" (billed fifth). He often had better roles in TV, guest-starring in episodes of "The Californians", "Rawhide", "Wagon Train", and "Tales of Wells Fargo" and The Virginian.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue achieved good reviews for a brief, but effective part in "Imitation of Life" (1959), playing a young white man who beats up his new girlfriend after he discovers she is black.


title: Troy Donahue

text: The big break of Donahue's career came when he was cast opposite Sandra Dee in "A Summer Place", made by Warner Bros. in 1959. The director was Delmer Daves. Warner signed him to a long-term contract. They put him to work guest-starring in episodes of their Western TV series, such as "Colt .45" (1959), "Maverick" (1959), "Sugarfoot" (1959), "The Alaskans" (1960), and "Lawman" (1960).


title: Troy Donahue

text: "A Summer Place" was a hit and made Donahue a name, especially among teenaged audiences. In 1960, he was named by "The Film Daily" as one of the five "finds" of the year. He had a support part in a disaster movie, "The Crowded Sky" (1960).


title: Troy Donahue

text: Instead, Warner Bros. put him in a TV series, "Surfside 6" (1960–62), one of several spin-offs of "77 Sunset Strip", announced in April 1960. On "Surfside 6", Donahue starred with Van Williams, Lee Patterson, Diane McBain, and Margarita Sierra in the ABC series, set in Miami Beach, Florida. After "Surfside 6" was cancelled, Donahue joined the cast of "Hawaiian Eye", another spinoff of "Sunset Strip", for its last season from 1962 to 1963 in the role of hotel director Philip Barton, joining Robert Conrad and Connie Stevens in the series lead.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue's career got a big break when Joshua Logan dropped out as director of "Parrish" (1961); Logan was replaced by Delmer Daves, who brought in Donahue as star, and the film was a hit.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue and Daves reunited for another melodrama, "Susan Slade" (1962). They made a fourth film, "Rome Adventure" (1962), a romance starring Suzanne Pleshette.


title: Troy Donahue

text: In 1962, he claimed he received 5,000–7,500 fan letters a week. The following year, exhibitors voted him the 20th most popular star in the US. He was also popular in Japan.


title: Troy Donahue

text: "I guess because I was blond, blue-eyed, and tanned, people associated me with all those beach movies that were around then, even though I never did one", he later said. "I was always the goody-goody, the guy who did what he was supposed to."


title: Troy Donahue

text: He did appear in a nearly beach-party film, "Palm Springs Weekend" (1963), alongside several other Warner Bros. players. As a change of pace, Pleshette and he were cast in a Western "A Distant Trumpet" (1964), the last film of director Raoul Walsh.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue also had a brief tenure as a recording artist at the height of his fame in the early 1960s, releasing a handful of singles for Warner Bros. Records, including "Live Young" and "Somebody Loves Me". However, none of his recordings entered the "Billboard" Hot 100 list.


title: Troy Donahue

text: In 1965, Donahue was cast as a psychopathic killer opposite Joey Heatherton in "My Blood Runs Cold". While Donahue was happy to break type and play a different type of role, it was not well received by the public. His contract with Warner Bros. ended shortly thereafter—although it ran until early 1968, Donahue asked to be released from it in January 1966. Donahue later claimed:


title: Troy Donahue

text: Jack Warner called every studio I used to work for and used his muscle to keep me busted. I was blackballed and everyone in the business knew it. Please print that. I made one film in Europe playing a Victorian astronaut, but no one ever saw it. Then by the time I could get work again, it was too late because my type was already out of fashion.


title: Troy Donahue

text: He later reflected on this period, "They pumped me til the well went dry. My image came out of Warner Bros. and it was one that was on its way out. I think I'm a little deeper than the roles I was given to play." In 1967, he said "Parrish" had been the most satisfactory of his movies. "I had the best script and the best opportunity as an actor. Not too many of those came my way. But I did get great exposure at Warner [Bros.]. Now I'm free to call my own shots. I've made more money in two years on my own than the whole time I was under contract."


title: Troy Donahue

text: The work was not very distinguished, however: a spy spoof, "Come Spy with Me" (1967); a British adventure tale, "Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon" (1967); and a Western for Albert Zugsmith, "The Phantom Gunslinger" (shot 1967, released 1970).


title: Troy Donahue

text: In 1967, Donahue walked out of a contract to appear in the play "Poor Richard" at the Pheasant Run Playhouse. He was sued for $200,000.


title: Troy Donahue

text: In 1968, Donahue signed a long-term contract with Universal Studios for films and TV. This lasted a year and saw him get four roles: guest shots on "Ironside" (1968), "The Name of the Game" (1968), and "The Virginian" (1969), and an appearance in the TV movie "The Lonely Profession" (1969).


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue declared bankruptcy in 1968 and eventually lost his home. "I was living like a movie star but wasn't being paid like one", he says. "I lived way over my head and got into great trouble and lost everything. I went from a beautiful home, garden, swimming pool to living in shabby apartments."


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue later admitted that he began abusing drugs and alcohol at the peak of his career and increased use after his career began to wane:


title: Troy Donahue

text: I was loaded all the time... I'd wake up about 6:30 in the morning, take three aspirins mixed with codeine, slug down half a pint of vodka and then do four lines of cocaine. That was just so I could get the front door open to peek out and see if I could face the day... I would lie, steal and cheat, all those wonderful things that drunks do. I was crafty. Nobody knew how much I drank then. If a bottle was out on the counter, I'd take a swig when I passed it and quickly put it back.


title: Troy Donahue

text: "I spent a lot of time judging beauty contests and opening banks", Donahue said of this period. He also wrote TV screenplays under a pseudonym.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue was struggling to make his way in a changing Hollywood. As he said later, "If you're the boy next door and you're supposed to be squeaky clean, all you had to do was let your sideburns grow and suddenly you were a hippie." Donahue says when he met casting directors they would ask "Why don't you comb your hair? How come you have grown a moustache? What are you doing with a beard?" He also thinks his career was hurt by the fact he was an anti-Vietnam War Democrat while "everybody assumed I was a Republican".


title: Troy Donahue

text: He wrote screenplays under a pseudonym and performed in "The Owl and the Pussycat" on stage in stock.


title: Troy Donahue

text: It took guts to walk out of Hollywood, but it would have been worse to stay. I had a house, seven black Cadillac convertibles, and two wrecked marriages. I already had my head turned; turning back was easy. It doesn't matter if I have a beard or a crewcut. People respond to me because I have a human quality. I know I'll be put down by Hollywood, but I don't speak to anybody out there anyway... I smoke grass and ride cycles, my lifestyle is casual, but I'm not a dope fiend or a hippie freak. I've found strength in Jesus Christ and he's easier to follow than Zen Buddhism. I'm not strung out. I'm a very reasonable, professional actor.


title: Troy Donahue

text: While in New York, Donahue appeared in the daytime CBS drama "The Secret Storm" for six months. He later called the role "the best part I ever had".


title: Troy Donahue

text: By this time, Donahue's drug addiction and alcoholism had ruined him financially. One summer, he was homeless and lived in Central Park. "There was always somebody who could be amused by Troy Donahue", he says. "I'd meet them anywhere, in a park, street, party, in bed. I lived in a bush in Central Park for one summer. I kept everything I had in a backpack."


title: Troy Donahue

text: He had roles in low-budget films such as "Sweet Savior" (1971), "The Last Stop" (1972), and "Seizure" (1974), Oliver Stone's directorial debut.


title: Troy Donahue

text: In 1974, Francis Ford Coppola cast him in a small part in "The Godfather Part II" as the fiancé of Connie Corleone. His character was named Merle Johnson, a nod to Donahue's real name. Donahue was paid $10,000 for the role for one week's work.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue moved back to Los Angeles, where he married for a fourth time. He appeared in "Cockfighter" (1974) for director Monte Hellman, and made "South Seas" in the Philippines.


title: Troy Donahue

text: He acted in occasional television guest spots ("Ellery Queen", "The Hardy Boys", "CHiPs") and appeared in whiskey commercials for the Japanese television market. Donahue said in 1978:


title: Troy Donahue

text: After eight years at Warners, I did a few independent pictures that never went any place. I travelled, played stickball, had a few marriages and many affairs. I just totally enjoyed myself and did the things I didn't get to do when I was a kid. Now I've decided I wanna go back to work again and I've been encouraged by a lot of people who feel that I have the talent and everything that goes with it.


title: Troy Donahue

text: After his fourth marriage ended in 1981, Donahue decided to seek help for his drinking and drug use. In May 1982, he joined Alcoholics Anonymous, which he credited for helping him achieve and maintain sobriety. "I look upon my sobriety as a miracle", he says. "I simply do it one day at a time. The obsession to not drink has become as big as the obsession to drink. I was very fortunate."


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue continued to act in films throughout the 1980s and into the late 1990s. He appeared in the feature film "Grandview, U.S.A." which was shot in Pontiac, Illinois. "Crowds of teenaged girls would swarm around C. Thomas Howell, and teenaged boys around Jamie Lee Curtis, but the major celebrity was Donahue", recalls director Randal Kleiser. "These women who had grown up with him as their heartthrob followed him everywhere."


title: Troy Donahue

text: However, he never obtained the recognition that he had in the earlier years of his career. Donahue's final film role was in the 2000 comedy film "The Boys Behind the Desk", directed by Sally Kirkland.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue was married four times and had one child, Sean. His first marriage was to actress Suzanne Pleshette, with whom he had twice co-starred in films. They wed on January 5, 1964, in Beverly Hills, and divorced nine months later.


title: Troy Donahue

text: On October the 21st, 1966, Donahue married actress Valerie Allen in Dublin They separated in April 1967, and she filed for divorce in April 1968, charging him with cruelty, divorcing in November 1968.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue's third marriage was to executive secretary Alma Sharpe. They married on November 15, 1969, in Roanoke, Virginia. "I couldn't take care of myself, and I knew this friend would take me under her wing", he says. They divorced in 1972.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue's fourth and final marriage was to land developer Vicki Taylor. They were married in 1979 and divorced in 1981. In his final years, Donahue was in a long-term relationship with mezzo-soprano Zheng Cao, to whom he was engaged and with whom he lived in Santa Monica, California.


title: Troy Donahue

text: Donahue had a son, Sean, by a woman with whom he had a brief relationship in 1969. He only found out about the son in the early 1980s when he encountered the woman again. As he recalled in 1984:


title: Troy Donahue

text: She walked over and introduced herself and I remembered that we had been together four or five times in L.A. in 1969. Nothing serious. Just fun and games. She said, "I'm glad I saw you. I've always wanted to tell you about something. Look over there, Troy." I looked and across the room I saw a 13-year-old spitting image of what I looked like when I was young. "This is your son, Sean", she said. "He's known all his life that you are his father."... I see him every couple of weeks now.


title: Troy Donahue

text: In 1958, Donahue was jailed for 15 days for speeding. In 1961, his one-time fiancée Lili Kardell sued him for damages, claiming he had hit her without provocation.


title: Troy Donahue

text: On August 30, 2001, Donahue suffered a heart attack and was admitted to Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica. He died three days later on September 2 at the age of 65.


title: Kevin McNally

text: Kevin Robert McNally (born 27 April 1956) is an English actor and writer. He is known for portraying Joshamee Gibbs in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" film series.


title: Kevin McNally

text: Born in Bristol, McNally spent his early years in Birmingham, attending Redhill Junior School on Redhill Road in Hay Mills and Mapledene Junior School (now Mapledene Primary School) on Mapledene Road in Sheldon. He went to Central Grammar School for Boys on Gressel Lane in Tile Cross.


title: Kevin McNally

text: McNally's first professional acting work, at age 16, was at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre. In 1973 he received a scholarship to attend the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art where, in 1975, he won the Best Actor Bancroft Gold Medal.


title: Kevin McNally

text: In 1976, he appeared in BBC's "I, Claudius" and, in 1977, was a regular in the second series of "Poldark" playing Drake Carne, younger brother of Demelza Poldark. From 1991 to 1994, he wrote nine episodes of "Minder", under the pseudonym Kevin Sperring, with writing partner Bernard Dempsey. He also wrote two episodes of Boon, and two episodes of Lock, Stock with Dempsey.


title: Kevin McNally

text: McNally played Joshamee Gibbs in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" films. He is one of only three actors who appear in all five films, and reprised the role in "Kingdom Hearts III", making him the only actor from the film series to reprise a role in "Kingdom Hearts".


title: Kevin McNally

text: Along with fellow British actors Ian McNeice and Kenneth Branagh, McNally appeared in two Second World War films, "Valkyrie" and "Conspiracy", that depict behind the scenes activities of high-ranking officials in Nazi Germany.


title: Kevin McNally

text: In 2011, he was cast in the American television series "Supernatural" as Frank. In 2012, he performed as a voice actor for the best selling videogame "Assassin's Creed III", providing the likeness and voice of the character of Robert Faulkner. In 2013, he began working on a science-fiction animation project, "Starship Goldfish".


title: Kevin McNally

text: In 2014, he played the lead role in re-recorded radio plays of five lost episodes of "Hancock's Half Hour" for BBC Radio 4. Following this, a further video episode was re-recorded and broadcast on BBC Four as part of the "Lost Sitcoms" series.


title: Kevin McNally

text: From 2014 to 2017, McNally played Judge Richard Woodhull of Setauket, Long Island, in the AMC series . In July 2019, he guest-starred as Inspector Grandjean in Season 2, Episode 1 of Amazon's mystery series "Maigret".


title: Kevin McNally

text: In 2019, McNally portrayed Captain Mainwaring in a series of re-enactments of otherwise lost episodes of the sitcom "Dad's Army".


title: Kevin McNally

text: He was in a relationship with actress Stevie Harris and they have 2 children together. McNally met actress Phyllis Logan in 1994, and they married in 2011. Their son David was born in 1996. The family lives in Chiswick.


title: Kevin McNally

text: Other television credits include: "Z-Cars", "The Bill", "Casualty", "The New Statesman" and "Murder Most Horrid". McNally also co wrote several episodes of the television series "Minder" and "Boon" in the 1980s.


title: DC motor

text: A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current (DC) electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by induced magnetic fields due to flowing current in the coil. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor.


title: DC motor

text: DC motors were the first form of motors widely used, as they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor, a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and appliances can operate on direct current and alternating current. Larger DC motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.


title: DC motor

text: A coil of wire with a current running through it generates an electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. The direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the coil can be changed with the direction and magnitude of the current flowing through it.


title: DC motor

text: A simple DC motor has a stationary set of magnets in the stator and an armature with one or more windings of insulated wire wrapped around a soft iron core that concentrates the magnetic field. The windings usually have multiple turns around the core, and in large motors there can be several parallel current paths. The ends of the wire winding are connected to a commutator. The commutator allows each armature coil to be energized in turn and connects the rotating coils with the external power supply through brushes. (Brushless DC motors have electronics that switch the DC current to each coil on and off and have no brushes.)


title: DC motor

text: The total amount of current sent to the coil, the coil's size, and what it is wrapped around decide the strength of the electromagnetic field created.