title: John Kricfalusi

text: In response, Kricfalusi's lawyer confirmed that "for a brief time, 25 years ago, he had a 16-year-old girlfriend", but denied that Kricfalusi's "avid pursuit" of Rice was sexual harassment or that he had ever possessed child pornography. Kricfalusi released an apology to the women and his fans for his behavior, which he said was motivated by undiagnosed bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as "poor impulse control". Byrd and Rice criticized Kricfalusi's statement as a non-apology and an attempt to deflect the blame.


title: John Kricfalusi

text: Due to the allegations, Kricfalusi will not be involved in Comedy Central's upcoming revival of "The Ren & Stimpy Show", nor will he receive any financial compensation from it.


title: 2022–23 Serie A

text: The 2022–23 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) is the 121st season of top-tier Italian football, the 91st in a round-robin tournament, and the 13th since its organization under an own league committee, the Lega Serie A. AC Milan are the defending champions.


title: 2022–23 Serie A

text: Starting from the 2022–23 season, should the first and second, or 17th and 18th-placed teams at the end of the season be tied on points, a play-off tiebreaker match will be held at a neutral site to determine the title and final team relegated respectively. The tiebreaker will not have extra time, and will instead directly go to a penalty shoot-out should the two teams be tied after 90 minutes. This is the first time play-offs have been used since the 2004–05 campaign.


title: 2022–23 Serie A

text: Lega Serie A had initially planned to run a tournament featuring Serie A teams in the United States during the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but this was later cancelled.


title: 2022–23 Serie A

text: Cagliari were relegated after six years in the top flight, Genoa relegated to second level after 15 years, and Venezia relegated after only one year in the top flight. They were replaced by Lecce, Serie B champions, Cremonese, Serie B runners-up, and Monza, Serie B playoff winners. Lecce returned to top flight after 2 years of absence, whilst Cremonese returned after 26 years of absence and Monza were promoted to Serie A for the first time in the club's history.


title: 2022–23 Serie A

text: The table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches. In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included to the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: Broker () is a 2022 South Korean drama film written and directed by Japanese filmmaker Hirokazu Kore-eda, and starring Song Kang-ho, Gang Dong-won, Bae Doona, Lee Ji-eun, and Lee Joo-young. The film revolves around characters associated with baby boxes, which allow infants to be dropped off anonymously to be cared for by others. The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival, where it was screened on 26 May and won Ecumenical Jury Award and the Best Actor Award for Song Kang-ho. It was released on June 8, 2022, in theaters in South Korea.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: Ha Sang-hyeon is the owner of a hand laundry and volunteers at the nearby church, where his friend Dong-soo works. The two run an illegal business together: Sang-hyeon occasionally steals babies from the church's baby box with Dong-soo, who deletes the church's surveillance footage that shows a baby was left there. They sell the babies on the adoption black market. But when a young mother So-young comes back after having abandoned her baby, she discovers them and decides to go with them on a road trip to interview the baby's potential parents. Meanwhile, two detectives, Soo-jin and Lee, are on their trail.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: The idea for "Broker" was initially conceived by Kore-eda while researching the Japanese adoption system for his 2013 film "Like Father, Like Son", discovering in the process its similarities with the South Korean adoption system. He learned about Japan's only baby box, a place where people can anonymously leave children, and the criticism surrounding the system in Japan. It can be found all around the world, including South Korea, where it is much more popular in comparison with Japan. After Kore-eda discussed with Song, Bae, Gang making a film together, he decided to combine the two ideas. Kore-eda had previously become acquainted with Song and Gang at various film festivals, while he met Bae on the set of his 2009 film, "Air Doll". Kore-eda has described "Broker" as being a companion piece to his 2018 film "Shoplifters", with the two films sharing a thematic interest in social outcasts who come together to form unconventional families.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: The film was announced on August 26, 2020, with Song, Bae, and Gang set to star, under the working title reported to be "Baby, Box, Broker" or simply "Broker". Kore-eda originally used "Baby, Box, Broker" as the goal of the story was to connect the three elements. However, as he was writing the script he settled on "Broker" because he "realized that [the film] had this structure where it's the detective's side, Soo-jin's side, that ultimately wants the baby to be sold the most. The 'broker' in the film changes as the story unfolds. And I thought by focusing on the word "Broker", the title would become very simple and strong. I really liked this structure where the person wanting to sell the baby inverts as the storytelling progresses."


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: After meeting with the three South Korean actors, Kore-eda started working on the script. Kore-eda said the first image that came to his mind was "of Song Kang-ho, wearing a bride's outfit and holding a baby, smiling at the baby and then selling the baby." After the casting of actress Lee Ji-eun, who is also a renowned singer in South Korea, Kore-eda chose to add a scene where Lee sings a lullaby. Even though he had written an initial draft, Kore-eda struggled with the ending of "Broker" and he ended up rewriting it many times during the shooting with the help of Song.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: Kore-eda said Song was the South Korean actor he wanted to collaborate with the most and the first person who came to his mind for the role of Sang-hyeon. Gang and Bae came to the director's attention after he saw their performances in "Secret Reunion" and "Air Doll" respectively, with the latter being directed by Kore-eda himself. In February 2021, Lee Ji-eun was announced to have joined the cast. Kore-eda chose to cast Lee after having seen numerous Korean dramas while in quarantine, including the 2018 television series "My Mister" starring Lee, where her performance impressed him. Lee said she accepted because she was looking forward to playing a mother when Kore-eda offered her the role. While preparing for the role, she researched how society views single mothers and the hardships they go through. In March 2021, it was reported that Lee Joo-young had joined the cast. She was picked by Kore-eda after he saw her performance in "Itaewon Class" and "A Quiet Dream".


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: Principal photography took place from April 14 to June 22, 2021. The director of photography is Hong Kyung-pyo. Notable filming locations include Pohang, Uljin and Samcheok.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: The score was written by South Korean composer Jung Jae-il. It was digitally released on June 15, 2022.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: In May 2022, prior to the film's Cannes premiere, Neon acquired the US distribution rights. Picturehouse Entertainment acquired the UK and Ireland distribution rights. The film's rights were also pre-sold to Metropolitan Filmexport (France), Gaga Corporation (Japan), Koch Films (Germany and Italy), Triart Film (Scandinavia), September Films (Benelux), Edko Film (Hong Kong and Macao) and Madman Entertainment (Australia and New Zealand). According to CJ E&M, the film has been sold to 171 countries ahead of its premiere in competition at 75th Cannes Film Festival. The number of countries then rose to 188.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: "Broker" was released in Hong Kong and Singapore on June 23 and in Japan on June 24. It was selected as the closing film of the 69th Sydney Film Festival and was screened on June 19. The Canadian premiere was held at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival in September. It is set to be released in the United States on December 26, 2022. It will also be released in France in the same month.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: "Broker" was released on June 8, 2022, on 1,594 screens. It opened with 146,221 admissions and topped the South Korean box office. The film crossed 1 million cumulative admissions in 11 days of release, by recording 1,040,709 cumulative viewers. It became the first film directed by Kore-eda to surpass 1 million admissions in South Korea.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: , it is at 11th place among all the Korean films released in the year 2022 with gross of US$9,672,172 and 1,260,740 admissions. Its largest international market is Japan, with gross of US$4,470,263.


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: "Broker" was screened at the Lumière Theater, the main theater of the Cannes International Film Festival, on May 26, 2022. After the film finished, there was a standing ovation from the audience for 12 minutes. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 88% of 50 reviews are positive for the film, with an average rating of 7.30/10. Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 74 out of 100, based on 16 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: Ella Kemp of IndieWire graded the film as A- and wrote, "The execution of this premise is, somehow, miraculous in its sensitivity, asking questions about issues of ethics, of choice, of money, and murder, and family, and how to find love in all this sorry mess." Writing for "The Hollywood Reporter", David Rooney praised the actors' performances and Kore-eda's direction, saying, "much of this might have been formulaic in less artful hands, but Kore-eda has an unfaltering lightness of touch, a way of injecting emotional veracity and spontaneity into every moment." Nicholas Barber of BBC rated the film with 5 stars out of 5 and called it, "One of the year's most delightful films."


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: Tim Robey of Telegraph.co.uk rated the film with 2 stars out of 5 and stated, "Anaemic and maudlin by turns, this may be the Cannes competition's biggest disappointment."


title: Broker (2022 film)

text: "Broker" was selected to compete for Palme d'Or and won the Ecumenical Jury Award at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival. Song Kang-ho became the first South Korean actor to win Best Actor in the Cannes Film Festival history. The film was selected in CineMasters competition section at Munich Film Festival, where it won the Best International Film award.


title: ICAO airport code

text: The ICAO airport code or location indicator is a four-letter code designating aerodromes around the world. These codes, as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization and published in ICAO Document 7910: "Location Indicators", are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning.


title: ICAO airport code

text: ICAO codes are also used to identify other aviation facilities such as weather stations, international flight service stations or area control centers, whether or not they are located at airports. Flight information regions are also identified by a unique ICAO-code.


title: ICAO airport code

text: The International Civil Aviation Organization was formed in 1947 under the auspices of the United Nations, and it established "flight information regions" ("FIR"s) for controlling air traffic and making airport identification simple and clear.


title: ICAO airport code

text: ICAO codes are separate and different from IATA codes, which are generally used for airline timetables, reservations, and baggage tags. For example, the IATA code for London's Heathrow Airport is LHR and its ICAO code is EGLL. ICAO codes are commonly seen by passengers and the general public on flight-tracking services such as FlightAware.


title: ICAO airport code

text: In general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of the airport or the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed by region and country. Far more aerodromes (in the broad sense) have ICAO codes than IATA codes, which are sometimes assigned to railway stations as well. Selection of ICAO codes is partly delegated to authorities in each country, while IATA codes which have no geographic structure must be decided centrally by IATA.


title: ICAO airport code

text: Typically, the first one or two letters of the ICAO code indicate the country and the remaining letters identify the airport, as indicated by the adjoining figures. ICAO codes provide geographical context. For example, if one knows that the ICAO code for Heathrow is EGLL, then one can deduce that the airport EGGP is somewhere in the UK (it is Liverpool John Lennon Airport). On the other hand, knowing that the IATA code for Heathrow is LHR does not enable one to deduce the location of the airport LHV with any greater certainty (it is William T. Piper Memorial Airport in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania in the United States).


title: ICAO airport code

text: There are a few exceptions to the regional structure of the ICAO code made for political or administrative reasons. For example, the RAF Mount Pleasant air base in the Falkland Islands is assigned the ICAO code EGYP as though it were in the United Kingdom, but nearby civilian Port Stanley Airport is assigned SFAL, consistent with South America. Similarly Saint Pierre and Miquelon is controlled by France, and airports there are assigned LFxx as though they were in Europe. Kosovo is assigned the code BKxx grouping it with Greenland and Iceland rather than its geographical neighbors which have Lxxx (described below).


title: ICAO airport code

text: In the contiguous United States and Canada, many airports have ICAO codes that are simply copies of their three-letter IATA codes, with the geographical prefix added on (e.g., YEG and CYEG both refer to Edmonton International Airport, while IAD and KIAD both refer to Washington Dulles International Airport). This similarity does not extend to Alaska (PAxx), Hawaii (PHxx), or US territories. As an example, Kahului International Airport on Maui has an IATA code of OGG and an ICAO code of PHOG.


title: ICAO airport code

text: ICAO airport codes do not begin with I or J or X or Q, though the Jezero Crater on Mars is assigned the special ICAO code JZRO. Codes beginning with I (Ixx and Ixxx) are often used for navigational aids such as radio beacons, while Q is reserved for international radiocommunications and non-geographical special uses (see Q code). In Russia and the CIS, Latin letter X (or its Morse/Baudot Cyrillic equivalent Ь) is used to designate government, military and experimental aviation airfields in "internal" airfield codes similar in structure and purpose to ICAO codes but not used internationally. ZZZZ is a pseudo-code, used in flight plans for aerodromes with no ICAO code assigned.


title: ICAO airport code

text: In small countries like Belgium or the Netherlands, almost all aerodromes have an ICAO code. For bigger countries like the UK or Germany this is not feasible, given the limited number of letter codes. Some countries have addressed this issue by introducing a scheme of sub-ICAO aerodrome codes; France, for example, assigns pseudo-ICAO codes in the style "LFddnn", where "dd" indicates the department while "nn" is a sequential counter. In the case of France, an amateur organisation, the FFPLUM ("Fédération Française des Planeurs Ultra Légers", the "French Federation of Ultralight Motorized Gliders"), was formally named the keeper of these codes. In Antarctica many aerodromes have pseudo ICAO-codes with "AT" and two digits, while others have proper codes from base owner countries such as "NZ" for New Zealand.


title: Bridget Christie

text: Bridget Louise Christie (born 17 August 1971) is an English stand-up comedian, actress and writer. She has written and performed 12 Edinburgh Festival Fringe shows and several comedy tours, in addition to radio and television work. She has received British and international comedy awards and is also an award-winning newspaper columnist and author.


title: Bridget Christie

text: Christie grew up in Gloucester, England, the youngest of nine siblings born to Irish parents. She attended St Peter's Roman Catholic High School in Gloucester.


title: Bridget Christie

text: In 1994 she won a three-year scholarship to study Drama at the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts in Wandsworth, London.


title: Bridget Christie

text: Christie appeared in various theatre productions and adverts before she began stand-up in 2004. She was one of the finalists in the Funny Women Awards which that year was won by Zoe Lyons. She was described by the show's founder, Lynne Parker as "one of the most influential funny women who has ever entered our competition".


title: Bridget Christie

text: Her debut BBC Radio 4 series, "Bridget Christie Minds the Gap", was broadcast in April 2013. A second series was broadcast in January 2015 followed by a third, "Bridget Christie's Utopia", in January 2018.


title: Bridget Christie

text: Her debut book, "A Book for Her", was published in July 2015 to acclaim from "The Daily Telegraph" and "The List" and "The Observer". The paperback was released in February 2016 and the Spanish version in Barcelona in March 2017.


title: Bridget Christie

text: Christie has written for "The Daily Mail", "The Sunday Times", "The Times", "The Independent", and "The Observer". She had a weekly column in "Guardian Weekend" magazine from October 2015 to March 2016.


title: Bridget Christie

text: In 2015 she won a "Red" Magazine Women of the Year Award and a "Marie Claire" Women at the Top Award.


title: Bridget Christie

text: In May 2016, Christie recorded her debut stand-up special, "Stand Up for Her (Live from Hoxton Hall)", produced by Baby Cow Productions. It was released direct to Netflix on 31 March 2017.


title: Bridget Christie

text: She has written and performed 12 acclaimed consecutive solo Edinburgh Festival shows. Her Edinburgh festival shows "A Bic for Her", "An Ungrateful Woman" and her Brexit-themed "Because You Demanded It" was "The Guardian"'s No 1 Comedy of the Year 2016.


title: Bridget Christie

text: Christie has appeared on several TV comedy programmes, including "It's Kevin" (BBC2), "QI", "The Omid Djalili Show" (BBC1), "Harry Hill's Little Cracker" (Sky), "Anna and Katy" (Channel 4), "The Culture Show" (BBC2), "Mel & Sue" (ITV), "" (Dave). "Have I Got News for You" (BBC1) for which she was nominated for a 2014 British Comedy Award for Best Female TV comic, the "Alternative Comedy Experience" (Comedy Central), "Room 101" (BBC1), "Cardinal Burns" (Channel 4), "Celebrity Squares" (ITV), "This Week" (BBC One) and "Harry Hill's Alien Fun Capsule" (ITV). In 2020 she appeared in BBC One's hit comedy "Ghosts" as Annie, a ghost who said four words. She reprised the role in 2022. In November 2021, Christie was announced as a contestant in series 13 of "Taskmaster" (Channel 4) which began airing in April 2022. In March 2022 Channel 4 announced that Christie will star in "The Change", a six-part comedy-drama series; which she also created and wrote.


title: Bridget Christie

text: Work for BBC Radio 4 and others includes Andy Zaltzman's "History of the Third Millennium", "Miranda Hart's House Party", "It's Your Round", "Sarah Millican's Support Group", "The Fred MacAulay Show", Dan Tetsell's "The 21st Century for Time Travellers", "The Now Show", "Kerry’s List", "It's Not What You Know", "Dilemma", "French and Saunders' Christmas Show", and "The Casebook of Max and Ivan". In 2019, she became curator of the museum on the Radio 4 series "The Museum of Curiosity".


title: Bridget Christie

text: Christie has appeared on a number of podcasts including Danielle Ward's Do The Right Thing, "Richard Herring's Leicester Square Theatre Podcast", "Pappy's Flatshare Slamdown", Jarlath Regan's "An Irishman Abroad", Stuart Goldsmith’s "The Comedian’s Comedian", "The Adam Buxton Podcast", "The Penguin Podcast" with Richard E. Grant, "Literary Death Match", "Off Menu with Ed Gamble and James Acaster", and Spotify podcast "We Need to Talk About".


title: Bridget Christie

text: Christie married comedian Stewart Lee in 2006. They live in Stoke Newington, London, and have two children.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: FC Spartak Moscow (, ) is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow. Having won 12 Soviet championships (second only to Dynamo Kyiv) and a record 10 Russian championships, it is the country's most successful club. They have also won a record 10 Soviet Cups, 4 Russian Cups and one Russian Super Cup. Spartak have also reached the semi-finals of all three European club competitions.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: In the early days of Soviet football, government agencies such as the police, army, and railroads created their own clubs. Many statesmen saw in the wins of their teams the superiority over the opponents patronising other teams. Almost all the teams had such kind of patrons; Dynamo Moscow aligned with the Militsiya, CSKA Moscow with the Red Army, and Spartak, created by a trade union public organization, was considered to be "the people's team".


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: The history of the football club and sports society "Spartak" originates from the Russian Gymnastics Society (), which was founded on 16 May 1883. The society was founded under the influence of the Pan-Slavic "Sokol movement" with the aim of promoting the "Sokolsk gymnastics" and then sports including fencing, wrestling, figure skating, skating, football, hockey, lawn tennis, boxing, skis, athletics, and cycling. In the RGO Sokol began to play football in the summer of 1897; the professional football section was founded in the spring of 1909. On 1 August 1920, the football team began to officially act under the name MCS, or Moscow Sports Club.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: In 1923, the MCS, later named Krasnaya Presnya (Red Presnya), was formed by Ivan Artemyev and involved Nikolai Starostin, especially in its football team. Presnya is a district of Moscow renowned for the radical politics of its inhabitants; for example, it represented the centre of the Moscow uprising of 1905.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: The team grew, building a stadium, supporting itself from ticket sales and playing matches across the Russian SFSR. As part of a 1926 reorganization of football in the Soviet Union, Starostin arranged for the club to be sponsored by the food workers union and the club moved to the 13,000 seat Tomsky Stadium, known as Pishcheviki. The team changed sponsors repeatedly over the following years as it competed with Dinamo Moscow, whose 35,000 seat Dynamo Stadium lay close by.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: As a high-profile sportsman, Starostin came into close contact with Alexander Kosarev, secretary of the Komsomol (Communist Union of Youth) who already had a strong influence on sport and wanted to extend it. In November 1934, with funding from Promkooperatsiia, Kosarev employed Starostin and his brothers to develop his team to make it more powerful. Again the team changed its name, this time to "Spartak Moscow" (the name "Spartak" means "Spartacus", a gladiator who led an uprising against Ancient Rome).


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: The club founders, four Starostin brothers, played a big role in the formation of the team. The Starostins played for the red-whites in the 1930s but right before World War II they were subjected to repression as the leaders of the most hated team by the state authorities. Elder brother Nikolai Starostin wrote in his books that he had survived in the State Prison System due to his participation in football and with Spartak. After the political rehabilitation, in 1954, he would later return to the team as the squad's manager.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: In 1935, Starostin proposed the name "Spartak". It was inspired by the Italian novel "Spartaco", written by Raffaello Giovagnoli, and means Spartacus ("Spartak" in Russian), a gladiator-slave who led a rebellion against Rome. Starostin is also credited with the creation of the Spartak logo. The same year, the club became a part of newly created Spartak sports society.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: Czechoslovak manager Antonin Fivebr is credited as the first head coach of Spartak, though he worked as a consultant in several clubs simultaneously. In 1936, the Soviet Top League was established, where its first championship was won by Dynamo Moscow while Spartak won its second, which was held in the same calendar year. Before World War II, Spartak earned two more titles. In 1937 Spartak won the football tournament of Workers' Olympiad at Antwerp.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: During the 1950s, Spartak, together with Dynamo, dominated the Soviet Top League. When the Soviet national team won gold medals at the Melbourne Olympics, it consisted largely of Spartak players. Spartak captain Igor Netto was the captain of the national team from 1954 to 1963. In the 1960s, Spartak won two league titles, but by the mid-1960s, Spartak was no more regarded as a leading Soviet club. The club was even less successful in the 1970s and in 1976 Spartak was relegated into the lower league.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: During the following season, the stadium was still full as the club's fans stayed with the team during its time in the lower division. Konstantin Beskov, who became the head coach (as a footballer Beskov made his name playing for Spartak's main rivals, Dynamo), introduced several young players, including Rinat Dasayev and Georgi Yartsev. Spartak came back the next year and won the title in 1979, beating Dynamo Kyiv.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: On 20 October 1982, disaster struck during the UEFA Cup match between Spartak and Dutch club HFC Haarlem. Sixty-six people died in a stampede during the match, making it Russia's worst sporting disaster.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: In 1989, Spartak won its last USSR Championship, rivals Dynamo Kyiv 2–1 in the closing round. Spartak's striker Valery Shmarov scored the "golden" free kick with almost no time left. The next season, Spartak reached the European Cup semi-final, consequently eliminating Napoli on penalties and Real Madrid (with 3–1 away victory), but losing to Marseille.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: A new page in the club's history began when the Soviet Union collapsed and its championship ceased to exist. In the newly created Russian league, Spartak, led by coach and president Oleg Romantsev, dominated and won all but one title between 1992 and 2001. Year-after-year the team also represented Russia in the Champions League.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: Problems began in the new century, however. Several charismatic players (Ilya Tsymbalar and Andrey Tikhonov among others) left the club as a result of conflict with Romantsev. Later, Romantsev sold his stock to oil magnate Andrei Chervichenko, who in 2003 became the club president. The two were soon embroiled in a row that would continue until Romantsev was sacked in 2003 with the club suffering several sub-par seasons until Chervichenko finally sold his stock in 2004. The new ownership made a number of front office changes with the aim of returning the team to the top of the Russian Premier League.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: In the 2005 season, Spartak, led by Aleksandrs Starkovs, finished second in the league to beat Lokomotiv Moscow, Zenit Saint Petersburg and Rubin Kazan to the last Champions League place. Following a mixed start to the 2006 season and public criticism from Dmitry Alenichev, the team's captain and one of its most experienced players, Starkovs left his position to Vladimir Fedotov.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: Spartak has been entitled to place a golden star on its badge since 2003 to commemorate winning five Russian championships in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996 and 1997. They have won the championship another four times since 1997. Since 2013, the club have added another three stars as rules allowed teams to include titles won during the Soviet era. In the 2012–13 season, Spartak qualified for the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage and finished last after disappointing performances against FC Barcelona, Celtic and Benfica. In the league, Spartak finished in fourth place while in the cup it was eliminated in the round of 16 by FC Rostov 0–0 , completing a disappointing season. The next 3 seasons (2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16) were somewhat similar as Spartak finished 6th, 6th and 5th accordingly while the club did not qualify for European Competitions.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: By the beginning of the 2016–17 season, under ex-Juventus manager Massimo Carrera, Spartak had acquired a squad consisting of foreign talents such as Quincy Promes, Fernando, Zé Luís, Lorenzo Melgarejo and Russians such as Denis Glushakov, Roman Zobnin and Ilya Kutepov. Spartak won the 2016–17 Russian Premier League with the squad, winning most derbies and ultimately finishing with a difference of 7 points.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: The following season, Spartak participated in the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage. Despite suffering its greatest ever loss in a 7-0 result against Liverpool F.C. at Anfield, the club achieved considerable victories, including a 5-1 win against Sevilla FC.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: Having finished second 2020-21 Russian Premier League under manager Domenico Tedesco, whose contract expired at the season's end, Spartak followed up with a successful run in the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League, now led by Rui Vitoria. Spartak topped its group, which included Napoli (which it defeated both home and away), Leicester City and Legia Warsaw. It was set to face RB Leipzig in the round of 16, but the club - along with all Russian club and national teams - was suspended from FIFA, UEFA and the ECA until further notice due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: On 29 May 2022, in the final match of Paolo Vanoli (manager since December 2021), Spartak won the 2021–22 Russian Cup.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: The team is usually called "red-and-whites," but among the fans "The Meat" (, "Myaso") is a very popular nickname. The origins of the nickname belong to the days of the foundation of the club; in the 1920s, the team was renamed several times, from "Moscow Sports Club" to "Red Presnya" (after the name of one of the districts of Moscow) to "Pishcheviki" ("Food industry workers") to "Promkooperatsiya" ("Industrial cooperation") and finally to "Spartak Moscow" in 1935, and for many years the team was under patronage of one of the Moscow food factories that dealt with meat products.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: One of the most favourite slogans of both the fans and players is, "Who are we? We're The Meat!" (? Мясо!", "Kto my? Myaso!")


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: At present, Spartak's archrival is CSKA Moscow, although this is a relatively recent rivalry that has only emerged after the collapse of the USSR. Seven of ten matches with the largest audience in Russian Premier League (including top three) were Spartak-CSKA derbies. Historically, the most celebrated rivalry is with Dynamo Moscow, a fiercely contested matchup which is Russia's oldest derby. Matches against Lokomotiv Moscow and Zenit Saint Petersburg attract thousands of people as well, almost always resulting in packed stadia. Upon the collapse of the Soviet Union, Spartak's rivalry with Dynamo Kyiv, one of the leaders of the USSR championship, was lost. Since Dynamo Kyiv now plays in the Ukrainian Premier League, both teams must qualify for UEFA tournaments to meet each other.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: Since the mid-2000s the supporters of Spartak maintain brotherhood relations with Crvena Zvezda and Olympiacos ultras – a friendship based on common Orthodox faith and same club colours.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: Until 2014, Spartak had never had its own stadium, with the team historically playing in various Moscow stadia throughout its history, even once playing an exhibition match in Red Square. The team played home games at various Moscow stadiums – especially at the Locomotiv and Luzhniki stadiums. After the purchase of the club by Andrei Chervichenko in the early 2000s, several statements were made about the speedy construction of the stadium, but construction did not begin.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: After a controlling stake in the club was bought by Leonid Fedun, real steps were taken to promote the stadium project, and in 2006, the Government of Moscow allocated land at Tushino Aeropol at a size of 28.3 hectares for the construction of the stadium. The project involved the main arena of 42,000 people with natural lawn, sports, and an entertainment hall for tennis, handball, basketball and volleyball for 12,000 spectators. The ceremony of laying the first stone took place on 2 June 2007.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: In February 2013, it was announced that as a result of a sponsorship deal with Otkritie FC Bank ("Discovery"), the stadium will be called Otkritie Arena for 6 years. The opening match at the new stadium took place on 5 September 2014, when Spartak drew with the Serbian side Red Star Belgrade (1-1). The first competitive match took place on 14 September 2014, in which Spartak defeated Torpedo Moscow 3–1 in the 7th round of the championship.


title: FC Spartak Moscow

text: Had international caps for their respective countries, or held any club record. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Spartak. For further list, see List of FC Spartak Moscow players.


title: J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography

text: This is a list of all published works of the English writer and philologist J. R. R. Tolkien. Tolkien's works were published before and after his death.


title: J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography

text: A large volume of Tolkien's writings on his constructed languages, primarily the Elvish languages such as Quenya and Sindarin, was published and annotated by scholars in the journals "Vinyar Tengwar" and "Parma Eldalamberon".


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: She achieved fame as Georgina Worsley in the ITV drama series "Upstairs, Downstairs" (1973–75). She received further recognition for her performances in the films "The Pink Panther Strikes Again" (1976), "A Little Night Music" (1977), "The First Great Train Robbery" (1979), "Hanover Street" (1979), "Rough Cut" (1980), "Sphinx" (1981) and "Nomads" (1986). She is also known as Madeline Fabray in the miniseries "North and South" (1985–86), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1986.


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: In 1990, Down played the role Stephanie Rogers in the CBS drama series "Dallas". During 1997–99, she played Olivia Richards in the NBC series "Sunset Beach". From April 2003 to February 2012, she portrayed Jackie Marone in the CBS soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful".


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: Down was born on 17 March 1954 and brought up in Wandsworth, London, England. She began acting and modelling, and in her teenage years won several beauty pageants. She was voted Britain's most beautiful teenager at the age of 15.


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: She made her feature film debut in 1969 in a supporting role in the British drama "The Smashing Bird I Used to Know". She later had roles in several other British films, such as "All the Right Noises", "Assault", and "Countess Dracula", and guest-starred in the television series "Six Dates with Barker", "Out of the Unknown", and "Public Eye".


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: In 1973, Down was cast as Georgina Worsley, Marchioness of Stockbridge, on the Emmy Award-winning British drama series, "Upstairs, Downstairs". Her fame led to a nude photoshoot for the magazine "Mayfair" in 1975. "Upstairs, Downstairs" was her career breakthrough; after the show ended in 1975, she moved to Hollywood and began her film career. She starred in the 1976 movie "The Pink Panther Strikes Again", and later was cast opposite Elizabeth Taylor on the film adaptation of "A Little Night Music". Her major roles were in "The Betsy" (1978), "The First Great Train Robbery" (1979), "Hanover Street" (1979), "Rough Cut" (1980), and box-office bomb "Sphinx" (1981).


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: Down has played a number of leading roles in made-for-television movies and miniseries. She starred in 1978 British drama "The One and Only Phyllis Dixey" (as the title character). She played the role of Esméralda in a British-American TV movie "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" in 1982 (opposite Anthony Hopkins), "Indiscreet" (1988), and "Ladykillers" (1988). In 1985, she starred in "Arch of Triumph" with Anthony Hopkins and Donald Pleasence. She starred in the ABC miniseries "The Last Days of Pompeii" in 1984, and in "North and South" in 1985. For her role as Madeline Fabray LaMotte Main in "North and South", she was nominated for Golden Globe Award in 1986. She later starred in "North and South, Book II" (1986), and "Heaven & Hell: North & South, Book III" (1994).


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: In 1990, Down was cast as series regular for a limited run in the CBS primetime soap opera "Dallas" as Stephanie Rogers. She earned a quarter of a million dollars' salary for a 10-week shoot.


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: In the 1990s, Down starred in several small feature and television films, and played guest roles on television series such as "The Nanny" and "". She starred in the 1994 film "", opposite Charles Bronson, and later appeared with him in the 1995 TV movie "Family of Cops".


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: In 1996, Aaron Spelling cast her as Olivia Richards on the NBC soap opera "Sunset Beach". The series aired from January 1997 to December 1999. After the soap was cancelled, Down starred in Lifetime movies "The Perfect Wife" and "You Belong to Me".


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: In 2003, Down was cast in another soap as Jackie Marone on CBS's "The Bold and the Beautiful". In January 2012, Down confirmed that she would be departing the programme. Down also appeared in the films "The King's Guard" with Eric Roberts and Ron Perlman, "The Meeksville Ghost", "13th Child", "Today You Die", and "Seven Days of Grace" (on which she was also a screenwriter).


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: In 2011, Down appeared in Victor Salva's thriller film "Rosewood Lane" with Rose McGowan, Ray Wise, and Lauren Vélez. She later starred alongside Kirsten Vangsness in the comedy film "Kill Me, Deadly", and played mother of leads in "Dark House", "I Am Watching You" and "Justice".


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: In 2020, Down returned to acting playing British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in the biographical drama "Reagan" starring Dennis Quaid.


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: After ending a 10-year relationship with actor-writer Bruce Robinson, Down married Enrique Gabriel in 1980, but ended their marriage after a year and a half. Her second marriage was to film director William Friedkin from 1982 to 1985, with whom she had one son, Jack (born 1982).


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: She met her third husband, cinematographer Don E. Fauntleroy, during filming of the television miniseries "North and South" in 1985. They began a relationship, which ended Down's marriage to Friedkin and Fauntleroy's marriage to Susan Ducat. The resulting legal and custody proceedings interrupted the careers of both Down and Fauntleroy for two years and ultimately cost Down and Friedkin each. Down and Fauntleroy have a son, George-Edward (b. 1998).


title: Lesley-Anne Down

text: Down has spoken on several occasions about dealing with sexual predators in the film industry. In 2002, she spoke of finding fame in the late 1960s: "The casting couch was in full swing, people expected it... My teenage years were pretty intense, a lot of pressure and a lot of horrible old men out there". In a 1977 interview, she had also said: "I was promised lots of lovely big film parts by American producers if I went to bed with them. Believe me, the casting couch is no myth".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception is a 2011 action-adventure game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the third main entry in the "Uncharted" series and was released in November 2011 for the PlayStation 3. Set two years after "" (2009), the single-player story follows Nathan Drake and his mentor Victor Sullivan as they search for the legendary lost city of Iram of the Pillars while battling a mercenary group led by Sullivan's former employer, Katherine Marlowe.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Development for "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" began in 2010. For the first time in the company's history, Naughty Dog split into two teams; while one team developed "Uncharted 3", the other developed "The Last of Us" (2013). Development was approached by incorporating locations distinct from the series' previous entries, with the team deciding on deserts and urban areas, drawing inspiration for the plot from the life of an archaeologist T. E. Lawrence. Naughty Dog sought to upgrade the game's openness and realism, increasing the volume of motion capture and voice acting, and conducting field research for better visual environments and sounds. The development team also aimed to improve the multiplayer system, introducing new competitive and co-operative modes, while the game is also notable for being one of the first to carry the new online PlayStation Network Pass feature.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" received critical acclaim for its voice acting, graphics, story, and cinematic quality. Some criticized its linearity and found it inferior to its predecessor. The game received Game of the Year accolades from numerous publications and award events, and was a commercial success, selling over six million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling PlayStation 3 games. The game was followed by the sequel "" in 2016, and was re-released on PlayStation 4 as part of "".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" is an action-adventure platform video game played from a third-person perspective, with the player in control of Nathan Drake. Drake has a large number of different animation sets, enabling him to react according to his surroundings. Drake is physically adept and can jump, sprint, climb, swim, scale narrow ledges and wall faces to get between points, and perform other acrobatic actions. Drake can now take on opponents in more ways than before: hand-to-hand combat with multiple opponents, contextual melee attacks, and new stealth options. "Uncharted 3" also features expanded and diverse traversal moves with deep gunplay. Drake can be equipped with up to two firearms – one single-handed and one two-handed – and four grenades. Drake can pick up weapons, automatically replacing the existing weapon he was using, and additional ammunition from downed enemies.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: The player can direct Drake to take cover behind corners or low walls using either aimed or blind fire to kill his enemies. The player can also have Drake fire while moving. If Drake is undetected by his enemies, the player can attempt to use stealth to take them out, such as by sneaking up behind them and killing them with one hit, or by dropping down onto an enemy whilst Drake is hanging from a ledge. The stealth mechanic has been simplified and improved. Some areas of the game will require the player to solve puzzles with the use of Drake's journal, which provides clues towards the puzzles' solutions. When enabled, a hint system provides gameplay clues, such as the direction of the next objective.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Similarly to "", "Uncharted 3" includes a separate multiplayer component with network play, featuring competitive and co-operative modes of play. The beta features several customization options, such as different character skins, clown masks, ability boosters, skill medals to attain, and a progressive ranking system. "Uncharted 3" will introduce free-for-all modes such as standard deathmatch, character model and weapon modification, and dynamic environmental 'events' within multiplayer maps, similar to the set pieces from the game's campaign – such as a hostile plane flying above shooting all players it catches in its crossfire. Collectible treasures are also said to be available within the multiplayer maps, which can be used as in-game currency for unlocking new characters, customization equipment, and boosters. Unlocked customizations can either allow for changes to be made in character appearances, such as clothing and skin tone or upgrade weapon attributes.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: A Buddy System has also been implemented into multiplayer. At the beginning of each match, the player may be joined by a random partner or a friend if joining their game. The buddy's emblem remains displayed as part of the player's HUD to indicate their location relative to the player's own on the map. With your Buddy, you can do a cooperative taunt over dead enemies you defeated together, and can also collect each other's earned treasures for them. The player can spawn next to his buddy so long as the buddy remains alive and out of combat. With the aim of making the multiplayer more flexible and accessible, several logistical improvements have been added, such as the capability to join games in progress or for two different PlayStation Network accounts to play together in split-screen multiplayer on a single console. In the event of ties or near-ties, matches enter an elimination mode as they wind down, in which the players are restricted to one life and must compete to wipe out all of the opposing team's members first within the allotted remaining time.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Several new features have been included in the game, including mechanics that create gameplay situations designed to assist the losing team, improves ability enhancements and augmentations that must be purchased for each use, special abilities that are made available when a certain number of medals has been attained within a match, and "Uncharted TV", a small video window that appears throughout the multiplayer menus, creating a video that can be uploaded to Facebook, YouTube or the XMB. Multiplayer also includes a character creation system, allowing a user to extensively customize their in-game character. Cooperative multiplayer also returns from "Uncharted 2".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: The multiplayer servers of "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" were terminated on September 3, 2019, along with its predecessor as well.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Two years after the events of the , treasure hunters Nathan "Nate" Drake (Nolan North) and Victor "Sully" Sullivan (Richard McGonagle) meet with Talbot (Robin Atkin Downes) in London, who is interested in purchasing Nate's ring, inherited from Sir Francis Drake. The duo accuses Talbot of using counterfeit banknotes, and a fight ensues. They are subdued by Talbot's cohort, Charlie Cutter (Graham McTavish), and Talbot's employer, Katherine Marlowe (Rosalind Ayres), who steals Drake's ring. Cutter shoots Nate and Sully.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: 20 years earlier, the teenage Nate (Billy Unger) searches a museum in Cartagena, Colombia for the ring. He sees Sully working with Marlowe to retrieve it. Nate is caught by Marlowe and her henchmen, but Sully rescues him and takes him on as his protégé.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In the present, Nate and Sully are unharmed; Cutter is an ally working with them. With the help of Chloe Frazer (Claudia Black), the group traces Marlowe to an underground library. They retrieve a map of Francis Drake's voyage to Arabia, having been commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I to find the lost city of Ubar. Clues to its location lie in Crusader crypts in a French chateau and a Syrian citadel. Nate and Sully locate the chateau and find one half of an amulet, but are ambushed by Talbot and his henchmen, who take the amulet and set the chateau on fire. Nate and Sully escape.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In Syria, Nate and Sully meet Chloe and Cutter, learning that Marlowe is the head of the same order to which Francis Drake belonged. They find the other amulet half, revealing the next clue in Yemen, but are found by Marlowe, Talbot, and their henchmen. As they escape, Cutter breaks his leg, forcing him and Chloe to back out.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In Yemen, Nate and Sully reunite with Elena Fisher (Emily Rose), Nate's estranged wife, who helps them locate a tomb that details the location of Ubar in the Rub' al Khali desert. Nate is shot with a hallucinogenic dart and captured by Marlowe and Talbot. Marlowe has accumulated documents concerning Nate's childhood, revealing he adopted the name of Drake growing up in an orphanage. Talbot learns of Sully's location, and Nate chases after him. Nate is captured by Rameses, a pirate working for Marlowe, who claims to have captured Sully. Nate escapes and searches for Sully on Rameses' ship. He discovers that Rameses lied and inadvertently sinks the ship. Nate escapes, and Rameses drowns.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Nate washes ashore in Yemen. He learns from Elena that Sully was captured by Marlowe and forced to lead them to Ubar. Nate sneaks onto a cargo plane airdropping supplies to Marlowe's convoy but is discovered, and a shootout ensues that destroys the plane. He deploys a parachute and lands in the desert.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: After wandering the desert, Nate is rescued by a Bedouin troop led by Salim (TJ Ramini). Salim explains that Ubar was doomed by King Solomon when he imprisoned Djinn in a vessel and cast it into the city. Salim and Nate attack Marlowe's convoy and rescue Sully. Nate and Sully lose Salim in a sandstorm but find and enter Ubar, where Nate drinks from a fountain. Talbot appears and shoots Sully, killing him. Nate gives chase and experiences hallucinations. He encounters Sully, his death having been an illusion. Sully realizes that Solomon's vessel contained hallucinogenic materials, tainting the water supply. The vessel is what Queen Elizabeth sent Francis Drake to find, but upon learning the truth, he abandoned his mission and lied to her.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Nate and Sully find Marlowe using a winch to recover the vessel from the waters. Nate destroys the winch and a support column, causing the city to collapse. Marlowe and Talbot corner Nate and Sully, but the floor throws Marlowe into a sinkhole. Nate attempts to save her, but Marlowe sinks to her death, taking Drake's ring with her. Nate and Sully fight Talbot, who is shot and falls into the sinkhole. Salim rescues them as the city is engulfed by the desert.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Nate and Sully return to Yemen. Sully returns Nate's wedding ring, which he has secretly kept safe since Nate and Elena's separation. Elena joins them, and Nate offers her his ring. The two embrace, and the three fly home on Sully's new seaplane.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: The game was first revealed by "Entertainment Weekly" in December 2010. Creative director Amy Hennig explained that the desire for a desert-themed "Uncharted" stemmed from wanting to push the team creatively and technologically, as "organic" elements such as sand, water, and fire are "technically difficult to credibly render with animation".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Game director Justin Richmond explained that the game feels more open than other "Uncharted" games: "We're not an open-world game, we're never going to be an open-world game but; we can try. It's still up in the air how much gameplay we're going to let you wander around. But we aim to let you just ride a thousand miles off into the middle of nowhere and still find action and adventure as you go. Ultimately the feeling we want to get is, yeah, your character is lost in the desert. So it needs to feel like that. We aim to make it feel open-world". In regards to whether or not PlayStation Move would be supported in "Uncharted 3", Naughty Dog explained that "a great Move game is a game made around Move and we started "Uncharted" long before that. It would be very difficult for us to adjust it. We tried a couple of things but it wasn't making a lot of sense".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Naughty Dog admitted that "Uncharted 2"s multiplayer could have been much better if they were given more time to perfect it. For "Uncharted 3", Naughty Dog drew inspiration from Ubisoft's "" and Rockstar's "Red Dead Redemption" to make their offering the "go-to game for PS3 multiplayer". Naughty Dog also said that one thing they learned through all their multiplayer testing is that damage and health in multiplayer should be "the same or similar to single player". Naughty Dog later revealed that "Uncharted 3" wouldn't feature a dedicated server, because Naughty Dog looked for a potential four-year lifespan instead.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Juan Jimenez, software manager for Sony Spain, told Spanish gaming site "The Vault" that "Uncharted 3" made use of the PlayStation Network Pass, making it the second game to carry the feature following "Resistance 3". As was the standard, a one-time code was provided with copies of "Uncharted 3" for first-time buyers giving them immediate access to online multiplayer features, whereas second-hand purchasers of the title had to pay extra for online play. When asked why the developers implemented the pass system, game director Justin Richmond replied, that without the money from Sony's PSN Pass it wouldn't be able to afford to include as much online content as it has with "Uncharted 3", and would possibly have to separate the online and offline content into separate products. According to lead designer, Richard Lemarchand, Naughty Dog had worked on "the biggest and most epic and jaw-dropping game" with "Uncharted 3". "Uncharted 3" had officially achieved gold status in October 2011, enabling the video game to enter the manufacturing process for its upcoming release the next month. An "Uncharted 3" disc contains four behind-the-scenes videos detailing the development and production of the video game, including exclusive material from Naughty Dog. "Uncharted 3" came with codes for early access to the "Starhawk" multiplayer beta.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Naughty Dog community strategist, Arne Meyer, said that "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" is created like a Hollywood film, especially the motion capture and voice acting procedure. The "Uncharted" series has received praise for its movie-like sections, which Naughty Dog was keen to take to the next level in "Uncharted 3":


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Naughty Dog said that "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" uses an "evolved" version of the same engine they used in "" and "" that has allowed the game to have better physics, visuals, and environmental effects. The game features new innovations in sand, fire, smoke, and water dynamics and effects; it also adds to the movement of the characters, more realistic textures, and animations. According to Naughty Dog "Uncharted 3" is graphically superior to "Uncharted 2".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Real physics and environment deformation are key in creating a realistic playing experience, according to Naughty Dog's Community Strategist Arne Meyer. Game director, Justin Richmond, said that "Uncharted 3" pushed the PlayStation 3's graphical capabilities to its limits, but "Uncharted 3" doesn't manage the same graphical advance seen between the first two games because the PlayStation 3 simply can't handle it: "We pushed it really hard. "Uncharted 2" to "3" is still a jump, but it's a narrower jump. And going forward, it depends on what we do".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In an interview at GamesCon 2011, Senior Manager of Marketing Communications Arne Meyer spoke of the unprecedented size of "Uncharted 3" stating that ""Uncharted 2" barely made it to 25GB, while Naughty Dog is going over 50GB this time, for "Uncharted 3". But in the end, we'll be under 50. We'll be one disc". Meyer also spoke of what it is like to work with the PlayStation platform: "I think it really helps. It's not even about sales. It's about what we can push on the platform and how far we can take it. I'm sure you'll hear this from every other Sony developer but you know, I can't tell you how much we've been able to optimize Cell and you know, the amount of content we can put on Blu-ray".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Two months before the game release, Naughty Dog's co-president, Christophe Balestra, posted a picture via his Twitter account, which showed "Uncharted 3" assets taking nearly 24.2 Terabytes consumed while stating: "We'd better finish this game soon ...". It was not clear if this network drive is for general use or for "Uncharted 3" game assets and data, but Balestra's comment seemed to allude to the former, indicating that the purpose of the drive is for the game. A larger game typically translates into mo-cap and art assets, high-res textures, music, voice audio, more environments, and more content. "Uncharted 3" was the largest game to date. According to Mick Hocking, the director of Sony WorldWide Studios' 3D team, "Uncharted 3" "will show a new level in 3D gaming". He went on that ""Uncharted 3" in 3D will really convince people of our full-screen HD 3D solution ... Genuinely, "Uncharted 3" looks phenomenal in 3D".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: On August 30, 2011, Sony Computer Entertainment America and Spike TV announced a competition, challenging the "Uncharted" fans to become "a better adventurer than Nathan Drake!". Fans of 21 years of age or older could enter the contest and win a chance to play "Uncharted 3" before public release. On October 31, Spike's GameTrailers TV presented the "Uncharted 3: Race to the Ring" on Spike TV. The 30-minute special featured five "Uncharted" fans from the United States engaged in physical and mental challenges, with the winner receiving an "Uncharted"-themed prize package including a Sony home theater system.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In September 2011, Sony Computer Entertainment Europe announced a competition, challenging the "Uncharted" fans to win the title "Uncharted Treasure Hunter". Fans of 18 years and older could enter the contest and win a chance to join an action-packed quest treasure hunt through the Arabian Desert inspired by the game and a chance to play "Uncharted 3" before public release. The travel was from October 2 through October 6, with 20 competing adventurers from across Canada, Europe, the Middle East, and Australasia. The 20 competing adventurers engaged in physical and mental challenges, with the winner receiving "$10,000 worth of prizes".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: From October 18 through October 20, AMC Theatres hosted an "Uncharted 3" "Play it First in 3D" event, showcasing "Uncharted 3" at participating theaters across the United States. Participating theaters offered "an inside look from the development team at Naughty Dog", a multiplayer tournament, gameplay shown on the big screen in 3D, as well as raffles, prizes, and giveaways. "General Admission" tickets to the event cost $25 and the "Insider Access" $60, which allowed attendees to not only gain entry into the event but also get a copy of "Uncharted 3" before its release. All "Insiders" had a copy of the game shipped to their homes on October 25 via FedEx, giving the attendees a full one-week head start over everyone else amidst the general public.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: The first TV spot was released on September 8, during the 2011 NFL Kickoff game between the Packers and Saints. On October 16, Naughty Dog released the launch TV spot for the game. A Japanese commercial to promote the game was released in October 19, which starred actor and producer Harrison Ford, and what Harrison Ford himself thought about a game he inspired. To promote the game, Sony had several promotional events during October 2011, where the public had a chance to try out the multiplayer and single-player gaming experience, which was accompanied by a Q&A session with Naughty Dog. These events were in several regions, such as the European countries Norway and UK. On October 15, Sony offered gamers "the first ever public sampling" of "Uncharted 3"'s single-player campaign at The Pelican Bar, London. Developers from Naughty Dog also turned up at the event, with a subsequent Q&A session.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Sony Computer Entertainment UK spent £5 million ($7.82m) on its marketing push for "Uncharted 3", a figure that the platform holder claimed made the game its biggest software launch ever. The campaign included a short documentary produced by Edward Zwick, as well as TV ads, online videos, homepage takeovers, and outdoor posters.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: To celebrate the launch of "Uncharted 3", Sony and Media Molecule released a Nathan Drake costume for "LittleBigPlanet 2". A selection of "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" themed stickers were also included. The pack was available to download through PlayStation Store from November 1 in North America and November 2 in Europe, which is the same day as "Uncharted 3" was released in these territories.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Two "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception Complete Official Guides" were released alongside the retail release of the game, both designed by Piggyback. The standard edition is available with a complete game walkthrough, high-resolution maps, in-depth extras, and a full 64 pages in multiplayer mode alone. The "Hardbound Collector's Edition" features 272 pages with an exclusive 16-page Naughty Dog Cast Gallery, access to the Piggyback in-game multiplayer emblem, and a CD with ten tracks from the official "Uncharted 3" music score.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: To coincide with the release of "Uncharted 3", lead voice performer Nolan North (Nathan Drake) wrote a book detailing the journey during "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception"s development. "Drake's Journal", a 128-page book, which takes a look at the making of "Uncharted 3" from the viewpoint of Nolan North, went on sale in November, shortly after the game was released. The book features over 500 photos from Sony Pictures Sound Stage (where the motion capture for "Uncharted 3" was performed) along with plenty of stories of North, which documents the development of the game. Included are also Quick Response codes which link to "50 uncut videos from the mocap stage". If the book had been pre-ordered, the buyer received a 20% discount and entered into the sweepstakes for a signed copy of the "Uncharted 3: Explorer Edition".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In March 2012 Sony ran an online marketing campaign, Multiplayer Character Worldwide Auditions, to create a new in-game multiplayer character for the game. Combining open auditions from Europe through Facebook, Sony chose 10 finalists to compete in the finals in Los Angeles on March 28, where the winner got to meet the Naughty Dog Inc., including Nolan North who plays Nathan Drake.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Narrative leader Taylor Kurosaki and stunt movement coordinator Mike Mukatis appeared on an episode of "" that aired in September 2012 where the finalists acted in a scene from "" and the winner of the challenge would have their signature winning move featured in "Uncharted 3".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In North America during October, a month before the game's full retail release, players who purchased certain items from Subway had access to the entire multiplayer mode of "Uncharted 3", as part of a cross-promotion between Sony and sandwich chain Subway. The Subway "Taste for Adventure" promotion ran from September 29 through October 31. Buyers were able to enter a code from a specially marked "Uncharted" 30 oz drink cup before November 1 to get early access to the "Uncharted 3" multiplayer. The offer entitled fans to play all of the competitive multiplayer maps and modes a month before the game was released. Subway items, such as a Subway cap and shirt, could be unlocked by picking up Subway treasures. The player's rank and unlockable items were carried over into the main game.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In Europe, South Africa, the Middle East, Australia, and New Zealand, only PlayStation Plus members had a chance to get to the full multiplayer suite from October 5. There were other ways to get in for non-PlayStation Plus members (according to Sony), however, noting to keep an eye on local PlayStation Blogs and community forums. Although both multiplayer suites included the same content, the European, South African, The Middle East, Australian and New Zealand didn't have the Subway items like the US. Other vouchers that purchasers could get access to by picking up a Subway sandwich or chip was an "Uncharted 3" dynamic PlayStation 3 theme, an "Uncharted 3" Fortune Hunter Bounty ability pack, an "Uncharted 3" Drake multiplayer skin, an "Uncharted 3" multiplayer weapon skin or a Subway cup and sandwich virtual costume for PlayStation Home.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: PlayStation Home was updated with a new "Uncharted 3"-themed space and game on October 13. "Uncharted 3: Fortune Hunter" was a Total Game Integration event that allowed players to unlock exclusive content in "Drake's Deception" directly from PlayStation Home. "Fortune Hunter" was a partial recreation of the Yemen level from the "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" multiplayer mode, and a cover-based shooting system complete with weapons and gameplay inspired by the "Uncharted" series.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Players were pitted against waves of enemies (developed from character models from "Drake's Deception"), and were able to unlock special PlayStation Home rewards once challenges were complete; for example, players could unlock collectible weapons and even the "Kickback Endurance Booster" for multiplayer gaming in "Uncharted 3" if the player completed all ten challenges. If the player pre-ordered "Uncharted 3" from PlayStation Home, they also received an exclusive Nathan Drake costume with custom shooting animation for their PlayStation Home avatar. The "Uncharted 3: Fortune Hunter" Total Game Integration was accessed from the Adventure District in PlayStation Home.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: A multiplayer beta for "Uncharted 3" began worldwide on June 28, with early access for PlayStation Plus members and all buyers of specially marked copies of "Infamous 2". The beta launched for all PSN members on July 5. The multiplayer beta allows for Team Deathmatch, Three-Team Deathmatch, Team Objective, Free For All, Plunder, Hardcore, Co-op Hunter, Co-op Arena, and Co-op Adventure modes. Two maps were accessible first, Chateau and Airstrip, but two more maps were unlocked over the course of the beta, Yemen and Syria. At launch, players were experiencing console freezes, game-breaking glitches, lagging issues and long connecting times. Naughty Dog released the first patch for the multiplayer beta on June 29, titled version 1.01. Some gamers still reported that their PlayStation 3 was still getting locked completely and required a hard reboot. Naughty Dog wrote on Twitter:


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: We [have] found a problem with matchmaking a couple of hours ago and a fix is on its way. Today will be a better day. Thanks for your support :)


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: On July 5, Naughty Dog released the second patch, titled version 1.02, which included some significant improvements and tweaks. In the update, aside from inclusions such as Facebook integration and 1080i upscaling, several in-game elements such as medals and power plays were altered for a more balanced online experience. On July 6, Naughty Dog released the third patch 1.03 in Europe and it should have fixed any European connectivity issues. Naughty Dog's co-president, Christophe Balestra wrote on Twitter:


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Okay ... I just pushed #uncharted3 beta patch 1.03 in Europe which should eliminate the matchmaking problems.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Naughty Dog released the fourth patch, titled version 1.04 on July 8, which fixed issues related to Facebook, the XP, and cash during the playback of cinema files. Naughty Dog revealed that just one day after the beta went fully public on July 5, it passed the one million unique player mark in the "Uncharted 3" multiplayer beta and the player count was still growing. Naughty Dog also advised players to reap the rewards from the beta, such as the "Uncharted 3" PSN Beta Tester Avatar and Treasure Hunter's Starter Pack, along with in-game cash for the full release of the "Uncharted 3" multiplayer component. Naughty Dog confirmed on July 12, that player progress in the "Uncharted 3" multiplayer beta has been reset for some, sending them back to level one. User data that keeps track of level, cash, and unlocks cannot be retrieved by the studio. However, beta players who were looking forward to rewards in the final version of "Uncharted 3" based on their multiplayer beta play history got those rewards. Naughty Dog's Christophe Balestra wrote on Twitter that the "Uncharted 3" beta had reached 1.5 million unique players. When the beta actual should have been ended, Naughty Dog extended the beta for an additional 24 hours, to give players a little more time to level up the multiplayer stats.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" was first officially released in North America on November 1, 2011, then on November 2 in Europe and Japan, and on November 3 in Australia. In the UK, "Uncharted 3" was scheduled for release on November 4, but in July 2011 its release was pushed two days forward to November 2, making its release simultaneous with the rest of Europe. On October 22, reports started coming out that a few gamers in Europe and other regions had managed to get their hands on retail copies of "Uncharted 3", all thanks to retailers breaking the street release date. Minutes later after confirming that retail copies of "Uncharted 3" had been leaked early, more images surfaced on the internet to prove the leak claim. The pictures arrived showing "Uncharted 3"s title screen. However, the release date was pushed forward to October 28, 2011, in parts of Europe last-minute.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Speaking on the topic of the price of video games, game director, Justin Richmond told VideoGamer.com:


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: I don't know what the manufacturing costs are, I don't know what the shipping costs are. I have no concept of that. I do know that for the amount of stuff we're putting in here, it is certainly not a bad deal. There are thousands of hours of content in this game. It doesn't seem like a crazy price to me. But again, I have no idea what the proper margins are. If someone is saying 'What am I going to buy this month?' in November, I hope that our game is the one they pick out, because we're offering something that nothing else on the market is. But if they don't, I totally understand. There's a lot of really cool stuff. What I'm hoping is that as time goes on ... These things are still going to be on the shelf, it's not like we're taking it away. Maybe they don't buy it on day one, but maybe they buy it in February? Maybe they buy it in March? We're not going away, and obviously, people want to play things the day they come out if they possibly can, but sometimes they can't.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In North America, there were several pre-order offers through several retail outlets. Pre-orders consisted of multiplayer weapon mods, medal kickbacks, and boosters. Which of the pre-order bonuses the player received depended upon where they pre-ordered the game. The multiplayer weapon mods, medal kickbacks and booster on offer were "Regeneration Booster", "Carpet Bomb Kickback" and "Clip Size Mod" for Para 9 and G-MAL, "Creepy Crawler Kickback", "Callout Mod" for AK-47, as well as "Uncharted 3" PSN Avatar and Static Theme for PlayStation 3. All of these pre-order bonuses were also available and varied between retailers across Europe. In the Nordic countries, players who pre-ordered the game from GameStop received a bonus pack, which consisted of two exclusive posters, a T-shirt with a print that says "Soon-to-be action hero", and six in-game multiplayer codes (which are the pre-order bonuses). Players who pre-ordered the game from several retail outlets, such as Elkjøp and Game, received another bonus pack, which consisted of the six in-game multiplayer codes, as well as the "Soon-to-be action hero" T-shirt.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Exclusive to Europe, Australia, and New Zealand is the "Special Edition", which includes a "Steelbook" journal-styled game box case packaging. The "Special Edition" also included a PSN voucher that allowed the player to download the Multiplayer skin and weapon 'London Drake and Pirate AK-47', Multiplayer 'Upper Cut Taunt', 'Cash Multiplier' and 'Special Edition Decals Pack'. It also includes Drake's Journal with fully illustrated pages, screenshots, and sketches from the game.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Exclusive to North America is the "Collector's Edition". It came with a Nathan Drake Statue from Sideshow Collectibles, a replica of Drake's belt buckle, a replica of Drake's ring/necklace, and a "Steelbook" case packaging with exclusive artwork, all packaged in a "Traveling Chest" style package.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Also exclusive to Europe, Australia, and New Zealand is the "Explorer Edition". It includes the Nathan Drake Statue, belt buckle, and ring/necklace from the North American "Collector's Edition". Instead of including the "Steelbook" case packaging from the "Collector's Edition", the "Explorer Edition" includes the "Special Edition" and its DLC, as well as all the pre-order bonuses. The "Traveling Chest" is replaced by the larger "Uncharted Wooden Travel Case", which has space for 19 PlayStation 3 games. A 3D lenticular image is also included.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Exclusive to Japan is the "Uncharted 3"-themed tan and brown color scheme DualShock 3 controller. The limited edition controller features a two-tone color scheme, with a map design and a smattering of mountains and coastlines sketched across the control pad. With a high level of detail, the controller also sports a compass drawn behind the directional pad, and Nathan Drake's signature ring on the right-hand grip. It was bundled with the game for a collective cost of 9,980 yen ($129) for a limited time.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In the UK and Ireland, to coincide with the game's launch, GameStop exclusively sold the 320GB 'Classic White' PlayStation 3 system in stores across Ireland and the UK, since GameStop obtained the exclusive right to sell the console on September 9, 2011. The console was bundled with two 'Classic White' DualShock 3 controllers and launched on November 1, one day before the launch of "Uncharted 3" in Europe. For mainland UK buyers the console was only available online, while buyers in Ireland could pick it up in their local store. The console was also sold in GameStop stores in Europe, Micromania and EB Games Australia and e-commerce sites from November. In North America, to coincide with the game's launch, a limited edition hardware offering featured a 320GB 'Charcoal Black' PlayStation 3 system, a 'Charcoal Black' DualShock 3 controller, a free month of PlayStation Plus, and a copy of "Uncharted 3".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: A "Game of the Year Edition" was released on September 19, 2012, in Europe, with no mention of a release outside of Europe. However, the edition was released in North America on September 25, as part of a gaming bundle of the 250GB version of the slimmer PlayStation 3. This edition included all previously released DLC (up to 14 pieces of content in total), which was previously available as part of the ""Uncharted 3" Fortune Hunters' Club".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Justin Richmond, creative director at Naughty Dog told that the multiplayer for the game is hundreds of hours long, stating that "we're going to continue adding new content after launch with downloadable content (DLC) like treasures, new character parts and so on. While we can't talk about DLC right now, I'd say the content easily amounts to hundreds and hundreds of hours. I mean, you can play competitive, co-op, and multiple modes. I just can't quantify it enough". He later confirmed of not releasing any downloadable content for "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception"s single-player mode: "There's a very specific reason. Whenever we sit down and think we should do some single-player DLC, someone pitches something and we realize – that's a five-hour level. We'd rather build out another game than we would do episodic content. We're so small that we can't afford to have a whole team working on DLC".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Sony and Naughty Dog presented the ""Uncharted 3" Fortune Hunters' Club" that entitled gamers to the first four multiplayer map packs and the first three multiplayer skin packs installment of downloadable content at a discount (over 45%) that rolled out over the next year, with the first batch of content releasing in November 2011. As each piece of DLC was released for the game, the purchaser received a PSN message with a direct link to the content on the PlayStation Store. As an additional bonus for the purchase, Sony offered a free, exclusive Fortune Hunters' Club PlayStation 3 theme given immediately. The ""Uncharted 3" Fortune Hunters' Club" was updated on January 17, 2012, to offer 14 total packs, 7 new packs, saving over 60% as a "Fortune Hunters' Club" member. The "Fortune Hunters' Club" came to a close on April 17, with the release of "Drake's Deception Map Pack", but Naughty Dog noted that despite the ending of the "Fortune Hunters' Club", "this didn't mean the DLC for "Uncharted 3" will stop".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" was on display for the general video game audience at the 2011 E3, and received four nominations from the Game Critics Awards for "Best of Show", "Best Console Game", "Best Action/Adventure Game", and "Best Online Multiplayer Game". "Uncharted 3" was most notably awarded with "Best PS3 Game" by several media outlets, such as 1UP, X-Play, IGN, Digital Trends, GameSpot, GameSpy, "Game Informer" and Electric Playground. "Uncharted 3" was also awarded "Best Action/Adventure Game" by X-Play, Machinima and Game Rant, "Best Action Game" by "Shortlist", "Best Third-Person Shooter" and "Best Visuals" by VGChartz, "Best Graphics" by GameTrailers, as well as "Best 3D Graphics", "Best Multiplayer" and "Best Third-Person Shooter". The "" and Game Revolution awarded "Uncharted 3" with "Best Game of E3".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: "Uncharted 3" was placed at number three on Big Picture Big Sound's "Top 10 Best Games of E3 2011" column, and was included in GamesRadar's and "Official PlayStation Magazine"'s "Most Valuable Game Award". "Uncharted 3" was also on display for the general video game audience at the 2011 Gamescom, and received one nomination for "Best Console Game". Numerous gaming websites have called "Uncharted 3" one of the most anticipated games of 2011, with 1UP and IGN ranking it number one in their "Top 10 PS3 Games of 2011" column. Metacritic included "Uncharted 3" on their "Most Anticipated Games of 2011" column, and stated that "Sony's console has an unusually large lineup of exclusives scheduled for 2011, highlighted by one of the year's biggest titles, "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception"." In Japan, gaming magazine Famitsu had it listed as one of the most anticipated games in its periodic reader poll. Many shops around the country had large displays advertising its November 2 launch date.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" received critical acclaim, receiving numerous "Game of the Year" awards. The game has a score of 92 out of 100 on Metacritic, making it one of the most critically acclaimed games of 2011. The first publication to review "Uncharted 3" was the Spanish magazine "Playmania", which gave it a score of 9.9 out of 10, the highest score that the magazine has ever given a game. The reviewer ignored a request from Naughty Dog co-president Christophe Balestra requesting publishers not to include plot spoilers in their coverage. The second review was published by the Dutch magazine "Power Unlimited", which awarded it with 94%, and concluded: "It is jaw-dropping. The whole game has many highlights. One of the best games ever for the PlayStation 3 to date".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: The third review was published by the Spanish edition of the "Official PlayStation Magazine", which gave it a 9.8 out of 10 score, called it "a masterpiece to remember for many years that will be difficult to overcome". "PlayStation Official Magazine (UK)" awarded the game a perfect score and a gold award. In their review they stated: "For the second time in succession, Naughty Dog has created a game that can claim to not only be the best on PS3, but also one of the best in gaming history ... A visual, technical and narrative tour de force that takes the sky-high expectations of an entire community and blows them out the back of a jumbo jet, replacing them with more show-stopping moments than you could hope to find in a dozen other games combined". The US edition of the "PlayStation Official Magazine" wrote: "Viewed strictly as a videogame, "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" represents the height of technical achievement—the state-of-the-art, if you will—for the interactive console experience".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Several mainstream press reviews praised the game, particularly for its graphics and cinematic quality. Garrett Martin of "Paste" said:


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Like the previous game's hotel sequence, the cruise ship segment is impressive because of how it exploits our perception of both the game's rules and our character's surroundings. As the boat lurches downward, we have to maneuver Drake upwards through hallways and staterooms that tilt sideways, climbing up through doors and over bed frames. Our horizontal axis turns vertical as a wall of water surges towards us and suicidal pirates continue to attack, forcing us to quickly adapt to this new perspective. Eventually, we fall into a grand chamber whose skylight is fully submerged. The art deco decor, underwater lighting, and skewed angles recall both "Bioshock" and "The Poseidon Adventure". Sadly there are no cameos from Red Buttons or Shelley Winters. Moments like that are what make "Uncharted 3" great.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Ars Technica reviewer Ben Kuchera praised the writing and voice acting, saying: "Overall, this is an amazing achievement in design, and it rests comfortably at the top of the heap when it comes to action games. It's also one of the rare video games where the writing and voice acting aren't just good "for a video game", they're good for a television show or a movie. Joy can be found in the small moments and movements of the characters, and their interactions are always fun to watch". In a review for "The Telegraph", Tom Hoggins described it as "if you were to break "Drake's Deception" down to its base elements, it's the same "Uncharted" we have grown to love, just a little trimmer, more slick". Dan Silver of "Daily Mirror" concluded the review: "Overall, "Drake's Deception" is one of the most spectacular entertainment experiences ever produced, but one you'll enjoy holding a joypad rather than a bucket of popcorn. And, ultimately, that doesn't really matter at all". "The Sydney Morning Herald" reviewer said: "It's another thrilling ride with gorgeous presentation, absolutely exhilarating set pieces, well-integrated puzzles and robust combat that is equally satisfying whether you are wielding a gun or bare-knuckle brawling".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: 1UP gave the game a perfect score, and stated that "developer Naughty Dog continues to prove they are masters of their craft, and the third chapter of "Uncharted" is a fun and rewarding adventure that's easily one of the best games this year". IGN's Greg Miller praised the title by awarding it with a perfect score, and saying that "from start to finish, single player to multiplayer, this game sings. The characters, the graphics, the sound, the story – they're all top-notch. If you're willing to skip "Uncharted 3", be prepared to miss one of gaming's finest moments", and calling it "an experience, a complete package".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: "Edge" gave it 9 out of 10 and concluded with that "just like Machu Picchu, the Pyramids and every other engineering marvel of antiquity, "Uncharted 3" will stand as a reminder to future generations of gamers that enough problem-solving imagination can turn any old trowel into a magic wand". One of the lowest scores was given by Simon Parkin of "Eurogamer": "As a slice of one-view entertainment, "Uncharted 3" is peerless ... As an expression of all that a video game could be, however, "Uncharted 3" is narrow, focused and ultimately shallow". "The Technique" reviewer Hank Whitson was also less impressed by the game: ""Uncharted 2: Among Thieves" was not only one of the best games on the PlayStation 3, but one of the best video games to date. It featured a fun written script, engaging gameplay, a brilliant soundtrack, and the best cinematic pacing ever presented in a videogame. Needless to say, expectations for "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" were extremely high. While "Uncharted 3" is a tremendously satisfying game and one of the best releases of 2011, it fails to fully live up to the legacy of its legendary predecessor".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: The game received some criticism for its linearity. Amy Hennig, in an interview with GameTrailers, defended this aspect by arguing that too little linearity in the series would have affected the game's narrative. Another minor issue raised by players was for the aiming system in gunplay. In a statement, Naughty Dog counteracted complaints it was inaccurate; this failed to alleviate the growing complaints, and the developer later invited several fans to its company headquarters to discuss the problem. Shortly after the game's release, Naughty Dog released a patch that offered a fix for those unhappy with the game's refined aiming controls. The update offers the option of toggling between the new controls and a set-up more in line with that found in "Uncharted 2".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In 2013, Liz Lanier of "Game Informer" included Marlowe among the top ten female villains in video games, stating that "Marlowe is the definition of a power lady. She runs the Hermetic Order, a secret organization that will do anything to find the Atlantis of the Sands. Marlowe will still take any opportunity to belittle Drake and others that get in her way on a personal level on top of taking violent action".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: According to NPD Group, "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" was the fifth-best-selling game in the U.S. in November 2011 at 700,000 copies. During the first week of sales in the United Kingdom, "Uncharted 3" became the second-best selling game on the all-format chart, beaten only by EA's "Battlefield 3". It became the 11th best-ever PS3 launch in the UK and outperformed its launch week sales by 37 percent. "Uncharted 3" topped the PS3 and Individual Platforms charts, replacing "Battlefield 3". During the first week of sales in Japan, "Uncharted 3" became the second-best selling game on the chart and sold 124,989 copies, which is 3x more than "Uncharted 2" sold in the region in 2009.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Worldwide, the game broke all records for the "Uncharted" franchise, in the sales department, firmly ahead of the last game in the franchise. Sony confirmed it shipped 3.8 million copies globally on launch day, making it "one of the best-selling titles of 2011, putting the third installment on a clear course to be the biggest selling game in the trilogy". "Uncharted 3" also is the fourth fastest selling PlayStation 3 exclusive ever, behind "Gran Turismo 5", "" and "God of War III". The "Uncharted" franchise has sold over 21 million units worldwide, with product marketing manager for "Uncharted 3" Asad Quizilbash stating that "Uncharted 3"′s week one sales were double that of "Uncharted 2", "far exceeding" expectations. As of March 2015, "Uncharted 3" has sold 6.6 million copies.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: Following the critical acclaim it received at its release, "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" has received numerous awards from various magazines, trade shows, and gaming websites. "Uncharted 3" was nominated for eight awards at the 2011 Spike Video Game Awards, including Game of the Year, and was voted by critics for two wins. In Famitsu Readers' top 50 recommended titles for the PlayStation 3, "Uncharted 3" was placed third, making it the second highest western game on the list, only beaten by its predecessor, which took the top spot. "Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception" received twelve nominations at the 15th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards (including "Game of the Year"), one nomination at the Writers Guild of America Awards 2011, and three nominations at the 12th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards. "Uncharted 3" also received six nominations at the 8th British Academy Video Games Awards, and a nomination for the UK's only publicly voted award GAME Award of 2011.


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: In "Official PlayStation Magazine UK"s interview about "Uncharted 4", Richmond discussed some of the new directions that the franchise could take in the future, as well as maintaining fan interest and going too far. According to Richmond, Nate still had plenty more to give and the studio would continue to create new "Uncharted" experiences as long as fans wanted it. Richmond pointed out that the studio never set out to make a trilogy. Instead it has always "sort have seen it as a stand-alone adventure", with each game existing as a self-sustaining gaming experience: "We have always said that if we think that we can make something new and interesting, if the fans still want them, then we can make another one".


title: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception

text: The fourth installment, "", was released for PlayStation 4 on May 10, 2016, serving as a conclusion of Drake's story.


title: Plywood

text: Plywood is a material manufactured from thin layers or "plies" of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another. It is an engineered wood from the family of manufactured boards which include medium-density fibreboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB) and particle board (chipboard).


title: Plywood

text: All plywoods bind resin and wood fibre sheets (cellulose cells are long, strong and thin) to form a composite material. This alternation of the grain is called "cross-graining" and has several important benefits: it reduces the tendency of wood to split when nailed at the edges; it reduces expansion and shrinkage, providing improved dimensional stability; and it makes the strength of the panel consistent across all directions. There is usually an odd number of plies, so that the sheet is balanced—this reduces warping. Because plywood is bonded with grains running against one another and with an odd number of composite parts, it has high stiffness perpendicular to the grain direction of the surface ply.


title: Plywood

text: Smaller, thinner, and lower quality plywoods may only have their plies (layers) arranged at right angles to each other. Some better-quality plywood products will by design have five plies in steps of 45 degrees (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees), giving strength in multiple axes.


title: Plywood

text: The word "ply" derives from the French verb , "to fold", from the Latin verb , from the ancient Greek verb .


title: Plywood

text: The ancient Egyptians and Greeks cut wood thinly and glued it together in layers with the grain in perpendicular directions as fine wood was in short supply. This is believed to have been done purely for cosmetic and economical purposes but it turned out to be a great alternative to pure wood as it reduced flex, making it a versatile building material.


title: Plywood

text: In 1797 Samuel Bentham applied for patents covering several machines to produce veneers. In his patent applications, he described the concept of laminating several layers of veneer with glue to form a thicker piece – the first description of what we now call plywood. Bentham was a British naval engineer with many shipbuilding inventions to his credit. Veneers at the time of Bentham were flat sawn, rift sawn or quarter sawn; i.e. cut along or across the log manually in different angles to the grain and thus limited in width and length.


title: Plywood

text: About fifty years later Immanuel Nobel, father of Alfred Nobel, realized that several thinner layers of wood bonded together would be stronger than a single thick layer of wood. Understanding the industrial potential of laminated wood, he invented the rotary lathe.


title: Plywood

text: There is little record of the early implementation of the rotary lathe and the subsequent commercialization of plywood as we know it today, but in its 1870 edition, the French dictionary "Robert" describes the process of rotary lathe veneer manufacturing in its entry "Déroulage". One can thus presume that rotary lathe plywood manufacturing was an established process in France in the 1860s. Plywood was introduced into the United States in 1865 and industrial production there started shortly after. In 1928, the first standard-sized 4 ft by 8 ft (1.22 m by 2.44 m) plywood sheets were introduced in the United States for use as a general building material.


title: Plywood

text: Artists use plywood as a support for easel paintings to replace traditional canvas or cardboard. Ready-made "artist boards" for oil painting in three-layered plywood (3-ply) were produced and sold in New York as early as 1880.


title: Plywood

text: A typical plywood panel has face veneers of a higher grade than the core veneers. The principal function of the core layers is to increase the separation between the outer layers where the bending stresses are highest, thus increasing the panel's resistance to bending. As a result, thicker panels can span greater distances under the same loads. In bending, the maximum stress occurs in the outermost layers, one in tension, the other in compression. Bending stress decreases from the maximum at the face layers to nearly zero at the central layer. Shear stress, by contrast, is higher in the center of the panel, and at the outer fibres. Within Europe basic plywood can be divided into three main categories: birch plywood (density approx. ), mixed plywood (density approx. ) and conifer plywoods (density 460–).


title: Plywood

text: Softwood plywood is usually made either of cedar, Douglas fir or spruce, pine, and fir (collectively known as spruce-pine-fir or SPF) or redwood and is typically used for construction and industrial purposes.


title: Plywood

text: The most common dimension is or the slightly larger imperial dimension of 4 feet × 8 feet. Plies vary in thickness from 1.4 mm to 4.3 mm. The number of plies—which is always odd—depends on the thickness and grade of the sheet. Roofing can use the thinner plywood. Subfloors are at least thick, the thickness depending on the distance between floor joists. Plywood for flooring applications is often tongue and groove (T&G); This prevents one board from moving up or down relative to its neighbor, providing a solid-feeling floor when the joints do not lie over joists. T&G plywood is usually found in the range.


title: Plywood

text: Hardwood plywood is made out of wood from dicot trees (oak, beech and mahogany) and used for demanding end uses. Hardwood plywood is characterized by its excellent strength, stiffness, durability and resistance to creep. It has a high planar shear strength and impact resistance, which make it especially suitable for heavy-duty floor and wall structures. Oriented plywood construction has a high wheel-carrying capacity. Hardwood plywood has excellent surface hardness, and damage- and wear-resistance.


title: Plywood

text: Tropical plywood is made of mixed hardwood species of tropical timber. Originally from the Asian region, it is now also manufactured in African and South American countries. Tropical plywood is superior to softwood plywood due to its density, strength, evenness of layers, and high quality. It is usually sold at a premium in many markets if manufactured with high standards. Tropical plywood is widely used in the UK, Japan, United States, Taiwan, Korea, Dubai, and other countries worldwide. It is used for construction purposes in many regions due to its low cost. However, many countries' forests have been over-harvested, including the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia, largely due to the demand for plywood production and export.