title: The Young Bucks

text: On the April 7 episode of "Impact!", Generation Me teamed with Robbie E in a six-man tag team match, where they faced Brian Kendrick, Chris Sabin and Suicide. At the end of the match, Max, thinking Jeremy was trying to steal the spotlight from him, turned on his brother, crotching him at the top rope, before dropping him to the mat with a rope-hung DDT. After Kendrick had pinned Jeremy for the win, Max removed his Generation Me armband and threw it at his brother. On April 17 at Lockdown, Max defeated seven other men, including Jeremy, in an Xscape match to become the number one contender to Kazarian's X Division Championship. On the May 5 episode of "Impact!", Generation Me, seemingly once again on the same page as faces, came together with Amazing Red and Brian Kendrick to fight for X Division's future, after the legitimate firing of Jay Lethal. On May 15 at Sacrifice, Max failed in his attempt to win the X Division Championship from Kazarian. At the all X Division pay-per-view Destination X on July 10, Generation Me was defeated by the team of Eric Young and Shark Boy. This was their last match in TNA as the following day Matt announced that he and his brother had requested their release from their contracts with the promotion. Matt and Nick later revealed that the request stemmed from monetary issues, while also venting their frustrations with TNA's booking, noting the storyline with Tara, which went nowhere, and the quickly aborted feud between the brothers. Matt has also stated that after leaving TNA he was ready to quit professional wrestling altogether, before he and his brother decided to instead reinvent themselves and their act.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On March 18, 2013, Generation Me returned to TNA to take part in the tapings of the Tag Team Tournament One Night Only pay-per-view. After defeating Petey Williams and Sonjay Dutt in the first round, they were eliminated from the tournament in the second round by Team 3D (Bully Ray and Devon). At the tapings of the following day's Hardcore Justice 2 pay-per-view, Generation Me was defeated in a ladder match by Bad Influence (Christopher Daniels and Kazarian).


title: The Young Bucks

text: At the renamed Impact Wrestling's Against All Odds event on June 12, 2021, The Young Bucks made a one-off appearance for the promotion as part of the working relationship between Impact and All Elite Wrestling. During the main event, an Impact World Championship title defense by Elite stablemate Kenny Omega against Moose that took place at AEW's "home field" of Daily's Place in Jacksonville, Florida, the Bucks interfered on Omega's behalf, leading to his victory in the match.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On October 15, 2013, NJPW announced that The Young Bucks would be making their debuts for the promotion in the 2013 Super Jr. Tag Tournament, which started October 25. They got the booking through Kazuchika Okada, whom they had befriended during his stay in TNA. In their debut, The Young Bucks represented the heel foreigner stable Bullet Club. In their debut match for the promotion, The Young Bucks defeated fellow Americans Beretta and Brian Kendrick, thanks to a pre-match assault by the rest of Bullet Club, to advance to the semifinals of the Super Jr. Tag Tournament. During the next two weeks, New Japan held seven smaller shows, with The Young Bucks main eventing every one of them, teaming with Bullet Club stablemate Karl Anderson in six-man tag team matches against the IWGP Heavyweight Champion Kazuchika Okada and members of his Chaos stable. The Young Bucks suffered their first loss in the promotion on October 30, when they and Anderson were defeated by Gedo, Jado and Okada, who pinned Nick for the win. On November 6, The Young Bucks first defeated Gedo and Jado in the semifinals and then another Chaos team, the Forever Hooligans, in the final to win the 2013 Super Jr. Tag Tournament.


title: The Young Bucks

text: As a result of their win, The Young Bucks received a shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship and on November 9 at Power Struggle, defeated Suzuki-gun (Taichi and Taka Michinoku) to become the new champions. The Young Bucks returned to New Japan on January 4, 2014, at Wrestle Kingdom 8 in Tokyo Dome, where they made their first successful title defense in a four-way match against the Forever Hooligans, Suzuki-gun and Time Splitters (Alex Shelley and Kushida). The Young Bucks made their second successful title defense on February 11 at The New Beginning in Osaka against the Time Splitters. Towards the end of the match, Matt legitimately broke his hand. Later that same event, Nick confronted and challenged IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion Kota Ibushi. Nick received his title shot on April 3, but was defeated by Ibushi. Three days later at Invasion Attack 2014, The Young Bucks successfully defended the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship against Ibushi and El Desperado. On May 3 at Wrestling Dontaku 2014, The Young Bucks made their fourth successful title defense against the Forever Hooligans. The Young Bucks made their fifth successful defense on May 10 during the NJPW and ROH co-produced Global Wars event in Toronto, defeating Forever Hooligans and Time Splitters in a three-way match. From May 30 to June 6, The Young Bucks took part in the 2014 Best of the Super Juniors tournament, where they wrestled in separate blocks. They both finished with a record of four wins and three losses, narrowly missing advancement to the semifinals. As a result of losing to Alex Shelley and Kushida during the tournament, The Young Bucks and Time Splitters faced off in another IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship match on June 21 at Dominion 6.21, where The Young Bucks' seven-month reign came to an end.


title: The Young Bucks

text: The Young Bucks received a rematch for the title on October 13 at King of Pro-Wrestling in a three-way match also involving Forever Hooligans, but were again defeated by Time Splitters. In November, The Young Bucks made it to the final of the 2014 Super Jr. Tag Tournament, where they were defeated by reDRagon. On January 4, 2015, at Wrestle Kingdom 9 in Tokyo Dome, The Young Bucks unsuccessfully challenged reDRagon for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship in a four-way match also involving Forever Hooligans and Time Splitters. On February 11 at The New Beginning in Osaka, The Young Bucks defeated reDRagon and Time Splitters in a three-way match to win the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship for the second time. On April 5 at Invasion Attack 2015, The Young Bucks lost the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship to Roppongi Vice (Beretta and Rocky Romero) in their first title defense. The Young Bucks regained the title from Roppongi Vice on May 3 at Wrestling Dontaku 2015 in a three-way match, also involving reDRagon. They made their first successful title defense in a three-way rematch on July 5 at Dominion 7.5 in Osaka-jo Hall. They lost the title to reDRagon in their second defense on August 16. The Young Bucks won the title for the record-tying fourth time in a four-way match on January 4, 2016, at Wrestle Kingdom 10 in Tokyo Dome. Their reign ended in their first defense on February 11 at The New Beginning in Osaka, where they were defeated by Matt Sydal and Ricochet in a three-way match, also involving reDRagon.


title: The Young Bucks

text: In early 2016, The Young Bucks formed Bullet Club subgroup The Elite with Kenny Omega, after helping him kick A.J. Styles out of the stable. On February 20 at , The Elite defeated Jay Briscoe, Mark Briscoe and Toru Yano to win the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship. They lost the title to Hiroshi Tanahashi, Michael Elgin and Yoshitatsu on April 10 at Invasion Attack 2016, before regaining it on May 3 at Wrestling Dontaku 2016. On June 19 at Dominion 6.19 in Osaka-jo Hall, The Young Bucks won the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship for the fifth time by defeating Matt Sydal and Ricochet, reDRagon and Roppongi Vice in a four-way elimination match. On July 3, The Young Bucks and Omega lost the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship to Matt Sydal, Ricochet and Satoshi Kojima.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On August 21, The Young Bucks made their first successful defense of the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship against the reunited Motor City Machine Guns. After their win, The Young Bucks made a challenge for NJPW's "heavyweight" tag team title, which led to a match on September 22 at Destruction in Hiroshima, where they unsuccessfully challenged reigning IWGP Tag Team Champions The Briscoe Brothers. Three days later at Destruction in Kobe, The Young Bucks and Adam Cole were defeated by David Finlay, Ricochet and Satoshi Kojima in a match for the vacant NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship. This led to a match on October 10 at King of Pro-Wrestling, where The Young Bucks successfully defended the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship against Finlay and Ricochet. On January 4, 2017, at Wrestle Kingdom 11 in Tokyo Dome, The Young Bucks lost the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship to Roppongi Vice. The Young Bucks regained the title from Roppongi Vice on June 11 at Dominion 6.11 in Osaka-jo Hall. They lost the title to Funky Future (Ricochet and Ryusuke Taguchi) on August 13. On January 4, 2018, The Young Bucks defeated Roppongi 3K (Sho and Yoh) at Wrestle Kingdom 12 in Tokyo Dome to win the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship for the seventh time. Their reign lasted just 24 days before losing the titles back to Roppongi 3K at the New Beginning in Sapporo.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On February 24, 2018, The Young Bucks announced that they would move up to New Japan's heavyweight tag team division. At Strong Style Evolved, they lost against the Golden☆Lovers in an acclaimed match. At Sakura Genesis 2018, they scored their first victory in the Heavyweight tag team division against their Bullet Club teammates Chase Owens and Yujiro Takahashi. At Wrestling Dontaku 2018, they won the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship for the third time, this time with Marty Scurll under the team name Super Vilains. At Dominion, they defeated "Los Ingobernables de Japón" (Evil and Sanada) to win the IWGP Tag Team Championship for the first time, becoming the second tag team to win the IWGP Jr. and Heavyweight Tag Team titles, and the first duo to have won all three of NJPW's team championships (IWGP Tag Team, IWGP Jr. Tag Team, and NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team) together. On August 12 during the G1 Climax 28, the Super Vilains lost their NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship to Tama Tonga, Tanga Loa and Taiji Ishimori, all a part of the rebellious Bullet Club sub-faction Bullet Club OG. At Fighting Spirit Unleashed, they lost the Heavyweight Tag Team Titles to Tama Tonga and Tanga Loa. At Wrestle Kingdom 13, The Young Bucks participated in a 3 way match for the IWGP Tag Team Championship against the champions Guerrillas of Destiny and "Los Ingobernables de Japón" (Sanada and Evil), but lost the match. On February 7, 2019, their profiles were removed from NJPW website.


title: The Young Bucks

text: In May 2017, wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer suggested that an independent wrestling show would be unable to sell out a ten thousand seat arena in the United States. The Young Bucks, along with Cody Rhodes, challenged the idea by planning a show specifically for the purposes of drawing ten thousand fans. In May 2018, it was announced that the show would be named "All In", and would be held on September 1, 2018 at the Sears Centre Arena, including many popular wrestlers from various promotions such as Ring of Honor, New Japan Pro-Wrestling and the independent circuit. When All In was announced on May 13, tickets sold out in 30 minutes. At the event, The Young Bucks along with Kota Ibushi defeated Bandido, Rey Fénix, and Rey Mysterio in the main event.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On November 5, 2018, several trademarks were filed in Jacksonville, Florida that indicated the launch of All Elite Wrestling. In December 2018, Cody, The Young Bucks and several other wrestlers left ROH. The official announcement of AEW's creation came at midnight Pacific Time on January 1, 2019 in an episode of "Being the Elite", a YouTube web series created by and featuring The Elite. Also announced in the episode was "Double or Nothing", AEW's inaugural event and sequel to "All In". On January 2, 2019, Cody and The Young Bucks officially signed five-year contracts with the promotion, serving as AEW's executive vice presidents, while entrepreneur, football executive and longtime wrestling fan Tony Khan was announced as the president of the company. On January 8, 2019, the company held its inaugural press conference on the forecourt of the TIAA Bank Field, where they announced talents that were going to perform as part of the promotion including Joey Janela, Christopher Daniels, Scorpio Sky, Pac, Frankie Kazarian and Chris Jericho. They also announced a working relationship with Chinese professional wrestling promotion Oriental Wrestling Entertainment (OWE), an organization founded by Cima.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On March 16, 2019, the Bucks made their debut at the Mexican promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) as part of partnership with All Elite Wrestling at the "Rey de Reyes" event where they challenged the newly crowned AAA World Tag Team Champions the Lucha Brothers (Pentagón Jr. and Fénix) who defeated Los Mercenarios (El Texano Jr. & Rey Escorpión). Later that same night, the Bucks defeated the Lucha Brothers to win their titles, this being their first championship in Mexico. They lost the titles back to the Lucha Brothers at Verano de Escándalo in June.


title: The Young Bucks

text: At AEW's inaugural event, Double or Nothing, on May 25, The Young Bucks defeated the Lucha Brothers. The following month at the Fyter Fest event, The Young Bucks teamed with Kenny Omega to defeat the Lucha Brothers and Laredo Kid in a six-man tag team match. They then followed this with a win over Cody and Dustin Rhodes at Fight for the Fallen on July 13. At All Out on August 31, The Young Bucks lost in a rematch for the AAA World Tag Team Championship to the Lucha Brothers in a ladder match, ending their feud.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On the premiere episode of "Dynamite" on October 2, The Young Bucks teamed with Kenny Omega in a losing effort to Chris Jericho, Santana and Ortiz. After the match, The Young Bucks, Omega and Cody were beaten down by Jericho, Santana, Ortiz, Sammy Guevara and the debuting Jake Hager, marking the debut of The Inner Circle faction to rival The Elite. The team then entered into a tournament to crown the inaugural AEW World Tag Team Champions, but were eliminated by Private Party (Isiah Kassidy and Marq Quen) in the first round. The Young Bucks subsequently resumed their feud with The Inner Circle, leading to a match between The Young Bucks and Santana and Ortiz being arranged for Full Gear on November 9, which Santana and Ortiz won. The feud between the two teams concluded on the December 11 episode of "Dynamite", when The Young Bucks defeated Santana and Ortiz in a street fight tag team match.


title: The Young Bucks

text: At Bash at the Beach on January 15, 2020, The Young Bucks competed in a four-way tag team match to determine the number one contenders for the AEW World Tag Team Championship, but the match was won by Adam Page and Kenny Omega. On the February 19 episode of "Dynamite", The Young Bucks won a tag team battle royal for the right to face Page and Omega for the championship at the Revolution pay-per-view on February 29, but failed to win after Page pinned Matt Jackson. On the March 11 episode of "Dynamite", Nick Jackson was given a kayfabe injury by the hands of the Inner Circle; in reality, he had taken paternity leave for the birth of his third child. Shortly after Double or Nothing, they returned and on an episode of "Dynamite", where they challenged FTR for a shot at the AEW Tag Team Championship, Hangman Page interfering and costing them the title shot, kicking him out of the Elite. At All Out, they faced The Jurassic Express and won, expressing a new attitude. On the September 9 episode of Dynamite, they superkicked Alex Marvez, turning tweener in the process.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On November 7, 2020, at Full Gear, The Young Bucks defeated FTR to win their first AEW Tag Team Championship. Had they lost this match, they would've been banned from wrestling for future AEW Tag Team Championships. They won the titles after Matt Jackson avoided a springboard 450 splash by Cash Wheeler and hit a superkick for the pinfall win. On the December 25th episode of AEW Dynamite, they successfully defended the AEW Tag Team Championships against The Acclaimed (Anthony Bowens and Max Caster).


title: The Young Bucks

text: Two weeks later, on night 1 of the New Year's Smash episode of Dynamite, The Young Bucks joined AEW World Champion Kenny Omega and Impact World Tag Team Champions The Good Brothers (Karl Anderson and Doc Gallows) in throwing the Too-Sweet sign, supposedly turning heel and suggesting a reunion between the five. However on January 20, they refused to be bought by Don Callis while still being Omega's friends, thus making The Young Bucks become tweeners in the process. This would only last about 2 months though, as after weeks of verbal insults from Callis, The Young Bucks would be forced to choose whether to join Kenny Omega and The Good Brothers or not. At first, it appeared as though The Young Bucks would choose not to align with Omega, however on the April 7 episode of AEW Dynamite, The Young Bucks would ultimately choose to join Omega, turning them heels in the process for the first time in their time at AEW. They would further cement their heel turn in the days that followed on social media, and the April 14 episode of Dynamite, where they displayed many heelish tactics during their match again Death Triangle (PAC and Rey Fenix) including removing the luchador mask off of Rey Fenix. Ultimately, it would be the Lucha Bros who would end the Bucks' championship reign at 302 days, defeating them via pinfall in a steel cage match at All Out 2021 on September 5 of that year. The Young Bucks would regain the AEW Tag Team Championship in a ladder match against Jurassic Express on the June 15, 2022, special edition of "AEW Road Rager", making them the first two-time champions. They lost the championships to Swerve in our Glory (Keith Lee and Swerve Strickland) in a match also involving Team Taz's Ricky Starks and Powerhouse Hobbs, ending their second reign at 28 days.


title: The Young Bucks

text: On the August 3, 2022 episode of "Dynamite", The Young Bucks were turned on by Adam Cole and reDRagon, thus being saved by Adam Page and turning them faces in the process. The following week in a backstage segment, The Young Bucks thanked Page for saving them and asked him if he would be their partner in the upcoming AEW World Trios Championship Tournament, however Page politely refused due to his alliance with The Dark Order, who were also competing in the tournament. During the week leading up to the next Dynamite, in which the Bucks had their first trios tournament match, the Bucks claimed they had found a partner and teased who it was on their Twitter account. On the August 17th episode of "Dynamite", the mystery partner was revealed to be the returning Kenny Omega, reforming the original Elite trio and the group went on to defeat La Facción Ingobernable's Andrade El Idolo, Rush and Dragon Lee, to advance to the semi-final round, and the United Empire to advance to the final round. At AEW All Out, The Elite defeated "Hangman" Adam Page and The Dark Order to become the inaugural AEW World Trios Champions.


title: The Young Bucks

text: After the post-"All Out" media scrum, the Bucks and Omega confronted AEW World Champion CM Punk backstage in retaliation to Punk's harsh statements about them as EVPs. Multiple publications such as "Fightful", "PWInsider", and "Wrestling Observer" reported that after Punk's comments, a shoot backstage fight occurred between the Bucks, Omega, Punk, and AEW coach Ace Steel (Punk's longtime friend and trainer). On the September 7 episode of "AEW Dynamite", Khan announced that the trios titles had been vacated.


title: The Young Bucks

text: The Massies were both born in the Los Angeles suburb of Montebello, California, as the middle two of four children. Matt was born Matthew Ronjon Massie on March 13, 1985, and Nick was born Nicholas Lee Massie on July 28, 1989. Their parents are Joyce and Matthew Massie Sr. They have an older sister, Donajoi. They also have a younger brother, who was also a professional wrestler under the ring name Malachi Jackson, before retiring in 2010 due to being exhausted by traveling. They stayed in Rancho Cucamonga for nearly 18 years before moving to Hesperia, California in 2003. Matt married his girlfriend of five years, Dana Kruse, on November 1, 2008; Dana works for AEW as the Chief Marketing Officer. Nick married his longtime girlfriend Ellen Montoya on April 3, 2011. Matt has one daughter Kourtney Louise and one son Zachary Matthew, Nick has one daughter and two sons: Alison, Gregory, and Michael. The Massies are both Christian.


title: The Young Bucks

text: The Massies are fans of wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer, whom they affectionately refer to as "Uncle Dave", having named one of their signature moves, the "Meltzer Driver", after him. They have also dedicated wins on New Japan pay-per-views to him and stated that they wanted to win every "Wrestling Observer Newsletter" award in 2014. They ended up winning Tag Team of the Year and Best Wrestling Maneuver for the "Meltzer Driver". After the death of Meltzer's father Herbert, The Young Bucks paid tribute to him at G1 Special in USA with a new version of the move, named the "Herbert Meltzer Driver".


title: The Young Bucks

text: In addition to wrestling, the brothers produce and star in the YouTube series "Being The Elite", with over 500,000 subscribers, showing the paths of being an independent wrestler, as well as comedic skits alongside fellow Elite members Kenny Omega and Adam "Hangman" Page.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is a United States military (specifically U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps) and United States Special Operations Command program to partially replace the Humvee fleet with a family of more survivable vehicles having a greater payload. Early studies for the JLTV program were approved in 2006. The JLTV program incorporates lessons learned from the earlier Future Tactical Truck Systems program and other associated efforts.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The JLTV program has evolved considerably throughout various development phases and milestones including required numbers and pricing. Variants are capable of performing armament carrier, utility, command and control (shelter), ambulance, reconnaissance and a variety of other tactical and logistic support roles. JLTV follows the U.S. Army's Long Term Armor Strategy with kits for two levels of armor protection. Oshkosh's L-ATV was selected as the winner of the JLTV program in August 2015 and awarded an initial production contract for up to 16,901 JLTVs. The U.S. Army approved the JLTV for full–rate production in June 2019.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: A competitive rebuy for the A2 JLTV is currently in progress, the final Request for Proposal (RfP) for this issued on 9 February 2022, with a contract expected to be awarded in September 2022.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), which first entered service in 1985, was developed during the Cold War when improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and asymmetric warfare were not a major factor for military planners. The HMMWVs demonstrated vulnerability to IEDs, and the difficulties and costs experienced in satisfactorily up-armoring HMMWVs led to the development of a family of more survivable vehicles with greater payload and mobility. JLTV was originally reported as a one-for-one HMMWV replacement; however, U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) officials now emphasize that JLTVs are not intended to replace all HMMWVs.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The JLTV publicly emerged in 2006. Early government documents note: "In response to an operational need and an aging fleet of light tactical wheeled vehicles, the joint services have developed a requirement for a new tactical wheeled vehicle platform that will provide increased force protection, survivability, and improved capacity over the current [Up-armored Humvee] while balancing mobility and transportability requirements with total ownership costs." The joint service nature of the effort was assured through Congressional language in the Fiscal Year 2006 (FY06) Authorization Act, which mandated that any future tactical wheeled vehicle program would be a joint program.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The Joint Chief of Staff's Joint Requirements Oversight Council approved the JLTV program in November 2006; this began a 13-month Concept Refinement phase which is a pre-systems acquisition process designed to further develop the initial concepts resident in the Initial Capabilities Document. The Concept Refinement phase also includes an Analysis of Alternatives. At the conclusion of the Concept Refinement phase in December 2007, the Joint Program Office JLTV project manager intended to transition the program directly into the engineering, manufacturing, and development phase. However, as milestone approached, it became clear that the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment John Young would not support the JLTV program entering into the acquisition process at that time. He denied the request and instructed the Army and the Marine Corps to develop a more vigorous Technology Development (TD) phase.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The DoD released a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the TD phase of the JLTV program on 5 February 2008. Industry proposals were due 7 April. TD phase contract award was postponed in July 2008. The following companies and partnerships responded to the TD phase RFP:


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: On 28 October 2008, the Pentagon narrowed the field of vendors to Lockheed Martin, General Tactical Vehicles and BAE Systems/Navistar. Each team was awarded contracts worth between $35.9 million and $45 million to begin the next phase of the program, which at the time was stated to be worth $20 billion or more. The Northrop Grumman/Oshkosh group contested the awards, but their protest was denied by the Government Accountability Office. On 1 June 2010, it was confirmed that all three contractors had delivered seven JLTV platforms for TD phase evaluation. The U.S. Army appeared to have reduced its support for the program at this time, omitting JLTV numbers from its tactical vehicle strategy published in June 2010. However, the U.S. Army clarified that JLTVs are slated to both replace and complement the Humvee.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: JLTV's TD phase was completed in May 2011. In February 2011, the JLTV Program Office announced the award of the follow-on Engineering and Manufacturing Development phase contract would be delayed until January or February 2012 because the Army changed requirements for the JLTV, requiring it to have the same level of under body protection as the Mine-Resistant, Ambush-Protected All-Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV). Updated specifications for the program included reducing the payload options to the Combat Tactical Vehicle (CTV) configuration, which would be a 4-seat vehicle with a 3,500 pound payload, and the Combat Support Vehicle (CSV), which would be a 2-seat vehicle with a 5,100 pound payload.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The draft RFP for the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase was released on 2 October 2011. This called for an average unit manufacturing cost between $230,000 and $270,000 across the JLTV family of vehicles. The cost target for the B-kit armor package remains at US$65,000. EMD phase requirements also created some trade space for industry by easing weight and mobility constraints. At this time JLTV was in danger of severe budget cuts and possible cancellation in the wake of spiraling costs, delays, and defense-wide budgetary cutbacks; it was also competing against the HMMWV Modernized Expanded Capacity Vehicle (MECV) program, the draft RFP for which was released on 11 August 2011.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: On 26 January 2012 the Request for Proposals for JLTV's EMD phase was released. Budget priorities for FY13 released on the same day included the termination of the HMMWV MECV program in order to focus vehicle modernization resources on JLTV. Not all of the TD phase contract award teams remained in place for the EMD phase. By late March 2012, at least six teams had submitted responses to the EMD phase RFP, and following EMD phase contract awards on 23 August 2012, in September Hardwire LLC disclosed itself as a previously unknown seventh bidder. The bidders were:


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: On 23 August 2012, the Army and Marine Corps selected the Lockheed Martin JLTV, the Oshkosh L-ATV, and the AM General BRV-O as the winners of the EMD phase of the competition. The three companies were awarded a contract to build 22 prototype vehicles in 27 months to be judged by the services. Losing bidder Navistar filed a protest with the Government Accountability Office over the evaluation criteria on 31 August 2012; the company withdrew the protest on 4 September 2012.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: On 27 August 2013, the Army and Marine Corps announced that full-scale testing of JLTV prototypes would begin the following week. Each company delivered 22 vehicles and six trailers to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, and Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. Previous testing had already put the vehicles through more than 400 ballistic and blast tests on armor testing samples, underbody blast testing, and more than 1,000 miles in shakedown testing. Soldiers from the Army Test and Evaluation Command and personnel from the Defense Department's Office of Test and Evaluation put the vehicles through realistic and rigorous field testing during 14 months of government performance testing. Testing was to be completed by FY 2015, with a production contract to be awarded to a single vendor for nearly 55,000 vehicles. On 3 September 2013, full-pace, full-scope JLTV testing began at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Yuma Proving Ground, and Redstone Arsenal, Alabama.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: On 1 October 2013, the Defense Department Inspector General launched a year-long audit of the JLTV program. It was one of about a dozen acquisition programs outlined in the FY 2014 "audit plan". The audit was to determine whether Army and Marine Corps officials were overseeing and managing the program effectively before low-rate production began. A June 2013 report by the Congressional Research Service estimates the program cost at $23 billion, or $400,000 per vehicle; military leaders contend the unit cost at $250,000. The Army planned to issue a RFP to companies interested in bidding for production contracts in mid-November 2014 and to pick a winner possibly by July 2015. Discrepancies in unit cost have been attributed to different methods for analyzing cost. The Inspector General report concludes program officials "appropriately assessed the affordability" of the effort, and that average unit production cost remains stable at $250,000. All three vehicles completed limited user testing and production readiness reviews by mid-November 2014.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The Army released the final JLTV RFP for low rate initial production (LRIP) and full rate production (FRP) on 12 December 2014, clearing the way for AM General, Lockheed Martin, and Oshkosh Defense to submit their vehicle proposals. The Army gave competitors until 10 February 2015, to refine and submit their bids. The Army, on behalf of itself and the Marines, stated plans to select a winner and issue a single contract award in the late summer of 2015. The winning contractor would build approximately 17,000 JLTVs for the Army and Marine Corps during three years of LRIP, followed by five years of FRP. The first Army unit would be equipped with JLTVs in FY 2018, and the Army's complete acquisition of 49,099 JLTVs would be completed in 2040, with 2,200 JLTVs delivered each year between 2020 and 2036. The Marine Corps would begin acquiring their 5,500 JLTVs at the beginning of production and would be completed by FY 2022. FY 2015 budget requests included 176 JLTV for the Army and 7 JLTV for the Marine Corps in various configurations. The total procurement cost of the JLTV program was quoted as US$30.04 billion and US$0.98 billion in research and development funds, giving a total estimated program cost of US$31.03 billion (figures are aggregated annual funds spent over the life of the program with no price/inflation adjustment).


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Oshkosh was selected for production on 25 August 2015. The award included a base contract and eight option years covering two years of LRIP (revised from three) and five years of FRP. The initial contract award was valued at US$114 million, with LRIP slated to begin in the first quarter of FY 2016, and with Oshkosh commencing delivery of vehicles approximately 10 months after contract award. The JLTV contract award had a value of up to US$6.749 billion and called for a maximum of 16,901 JLTVs and includes a sustainment element. JLTV manufacturing is performed in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Around contract award, Oshkosh CEO Charles Szews said the production contract award would involve more than 300 suppliers in 31 states across the country.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: On 8 September 2015, it was reported that Lockheed Martin would protest the award; on the same day it was also disclosed that AM General had decided not to file a protest. Any work that would be performed under the contract stopped during the review period. On 15 December 2015 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) dismissed Lockheed Martin's protest because the company on 11 December 2015 decided to file a "Notice of Post-Award Bid Protest" with the U.S. Court of Federal Claims; according to a source with knowledge of the procedures, it is uncommon for a company to file with the court close to a GAO protest decision. Immediately after the GAO dismissed the protest, the Army instructed Oshkosh to resume work on the JLTV order. Lockheed Martin filed a preliminary injunction on 17 December, stating that new Army-supplied information related to the contract emerged toward the end of the GAO's protest process that was not considered before their ruling and no deadline extension was granted. The U.S. Court of Federal Claims denied Lockheed Martin's request to stop work while the lawsuit was pending, allowing Oshkosh to continue work during the process. The company withdrew its protest in the Court of Federal Claims on 17 February 2016.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Around the time Lockheed Martin withdrew its protest some potentially crucial data from JLTV testing was revealed. The 472–page annual report from the Pentagon's independent Director of Operational Test and Evaluation revealed that in testing Oshkosh's JLTV prototype lasted nearly six times longer between significant breakdown than the next closest, Lockheed Martin's prototype. The Oshkosh vehicle achieved 7,051 mean miles between operational mission failure (MMBOMF); Lockheed Martin's vehicle achieved 1,271 MMBOMF. AM General's vehicle achieved just 526 MMBOMF. The target for JLTV is 2400 MMBOMF, the current up-armored HMMWV achieving 2,968 MMBOMF. Information on protection levels was also released. It was found in testing that both Oshkosh and Lockheed prototypes met all threshold force protection requirements and some objective-level requirements. This level of protection is better than that of up-armored HMMWVs, and similar to MRAP (Mine Resistant Ambush Protected) All-Terrain Vehicles without the underbody improvement kit across all spectrum of tested threats. AM General's prototype would need a significant redesign to meet threshold protection requirements. More details on vehicle protection were included in a classified report.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: In the Pentagon's FY 2017 budget, it requested US$587.5 million to procure 1,828 JLTVs for the Army and US$113.2 million to procure 192 for the Marines. About US$34.7 million was requested for research and development between the Army and Marines' JLTV programs. Procurement objectives at this time remained 49,099 JLTV for the Army and 5,500 for the Marines.<ref name="USMC Commandant Neller: Marines Made Cuts in FY2017 JLTV Buy To Save ACV, G/ATOR"></ref>


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The first delivery order for JLTV was announced on 23 March 2016 with the U.S. Army ordering 657 JLTVs, along with kits and support. The $243 million order included vehicles for the Army and Marines. According to Oshkosh, "The vehicles, trailers, and installed kits for this order will be delivered by first quarter FY2018." As part of the original JLTV base award in August 2015, an initial 201 JLTVs for the test and evaluation phase were ordered. The 657-vehicle order is an exercised option from the program's eight option years. Initial USMC operating capability was stated to be delayed by about one year to the first quarter of FY2020, with procurement by the Marines complete by FY2022.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: In March 2016, the Pentagon announced that the total program costs had dropped 19.32%, from $30.574 billion to $24.668 billion "due primarily to revised estimates for unit costs of vehicles and kits based on realized savings", which accounted for a $3.7 billion decrease. A stretched out procurement "due to budget adjustments and revised assumptions regarding the maximum buy profile year" decreased costs by $1.28 billion, and several other changes – such as for cost estimation methodologies and indices – accounted for another $921 million decrease. The total cost estimates include "research and development, procurement, military construction, and acquisition-related operations and maintenance" associated with a program, the Pentagon said. These reflect actual costs so far and anticipated costs in the future, with all estimates in fully inflated then-year dollars. Scott Davis, program executive officer for Combat Support & Combat Service Support, stated that overall the JLTV program expects to cut about five years off of the total program and save about US$5.9 billion, as Oshkosh's final competitive bid was low enough so the Army decided to 'buy to budget' and get more platforms each year, which shrunk the total length of the contract and increased cost avoidances accrued each year.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The U.S. Army disclosed that the JLTV was to be used as the platform for the upcoming Light Reconnaissance Vehicle (LRV) program rather than procuring a new system. The LRV is to be an off-road platform for carrying a suite of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance sensors; it is to be light enough to be carried by a CH-47 Chinook helicopter. The JLTV was described as an "interim LRV solution". It was also reported that the JLTV-RV (JLTV - Reconnaissance Vehicle) was to be incorporated into the JLTV technical data package and would be a kit option on future contracts. By Q4 2020 the LRV requirement had evolved to such an extent that it excluded the JLTV, requiring a six-person crew.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The Army received its first seven JLTVs for test at the end of September 2016. According to the Army, its first unit to receive JLTVs was to be an Infantry Brigade Combat Team in the 10th Mountain Division at Fort Drum, New York. The bulk of their 500 HMMWVs were to be replaced by early 2019. According to the Marine Corps, an infantry battalion within II MEF at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, were to receive 69 JLTVs to replace the same number of Humvees in July 2019. The Marine Corps revealed they wished to adjust their acquisition objective for JLTV by 65% to up to 9,091 vehicles. At this time overall JLTV requirements remained at 5,500 for the USMC and 49,099 for the army.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: In January 2017, the U.S. Air Force announced it was considering acquiring JLTVs for its security forces that protect missile launch facilities. The vehicles are used by security forces, explosive ordnance disposal teams, para-rescue and personnel recovery units, tactical air control party teams, and special tactics forces. At this time, released documents revealed no further planned JLTV procurement for the period FY 2019–22, but the service was known to want to replace its entire fleet of 3,270 HMMWVs with JLTVs. In its 2018 budget the Pentagon requested $1.143 billion for the program. The DoD requested 2,110 JLTVs for the Army, 140 for the Air Force, and 527 for the Marines.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: At AUSA 2016, Oshkosh displayed a JLTV General Purpose variant equipped with an EOS R-400S-MK2 remote weapon system integrated with Orbital ATK's M230 LF 30 mm lightweight automatic chain gun. At AUSA 2017 JLTVs were displayed in three new configurations. Oshkosh displayed a general purpose variant fitted with a Boeing compact laser weapon system, a Kongsberg Protector LW 30 remote weapon system with a M230LF cannon, and a communications suite that includes a Thales VRC-111 and Thales VRC-121 VIPER. The company also displayed a utility variant equipped with the Boeing Maneuver short range air defense launcher including a M3P .50 cal machine gun, M299 launcher with four Longbow Hellfire missiles, sensor suite, and a communications suite including a Thales VRC-111. Rafael displayed a general purpose vehicle fitted with the company's Samson dual stabilized remote weapon system with M230 LF, and the Trophy Light active protection system.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Following an announcement in December 2018 that a total of 500 JLTVs would be delivered by the end of March 2019, JLTV deliveries to the Army commenced the week of 7 January 2019. The first unit to receive JLTVs was the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Infantry Division at Fort Stewart. To coincide with the first fielding Oshkosh confirmed that over 3,000 JLTVs had been delivered to the Army and Marine Corps. In January 2019, the Army Reserve announced it was set to acquire 60 JLTVs for training in preparation for fielding to the entire force. No date for actual fielding was given. On 20 June 2019, Dr. Bruce Jette, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology, approved the JLTV program's transition into full–rate production (FRP).


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: In July 2019 an initial Sources Sought notice (W56HZV19R0242) was issued for the A2 JLTV recompete program. Four draft Request For Proposals (RFPs) followed, these on 03 April 2020, 11 December 2020, 30 April 2021, and 29 October 2021.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The Marine Corps declared initial operational capability for the JLTV on 2 August 2019, ahead of the scheduled June 2020 date.The Marines had previously announced on 28 January 2019 that its first JLTV had fielded that day at the School of Infantry West at Camp Pendleton, California, with around 1,000 further JLTVs scheduled to be fielded during FY2020.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: For FY 2020 (1 October 2019 - 30 September 2020) the Pentagon's JLTV funding request totaled US$1.641 billion to procure 2,530 vehicles for the Army, 1,398 for the Marine Corps (with 3,986 more between FY2021 and FY2024), 140 for the Air Force, and 22 for the Navy. Other FY 2020 budget activities included US$4.8 million for engineering and manufacturing development. In March 2019, it was reported that Army's FY2020 budget request included proposed cuts to pay for modernization priorities, with one of those proposed cuts being the JLTV. It was reported that over the coming five years the service would spend US$800 million less on the JLTV program than initially expected; this potentially resulting in the purchase of 1,900 fewer vehicles. As of May 2019, the service had not changed its approved acquisition objective of 49,099 JLTVs.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: On 1 July 2020, Oshkosh stated that over 7,500 JLTVs had been delivered to the U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Navy since the production contract was awarded in 2015. This order brought the total of JLTVs ordered for US forces to date to 15,052.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: In September 2020 a Justification and Approval (J&A) for up to an additional 6,262 JLTVs sole source from Oshkosh was granted, the original notice (W56HZV-15-C-0095-P00282) published on 30 June 2020. This award will enable continued JLTV production, industry arguing successfully that it required up to 33 months with the JLTV TDP package to be able to respond to the A2 JLTV RfP. The up to 6,262 JLTVs approved will technically be delivered under a separate second JLTV contract, but the original contract costings and timelines and remain. Final orders must be placed in November 2023, with deliveries permitted until late 2025, but expected to conclude mid-2025. Permissible total orders under the original JLTV award were 16,901 JLTVs.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: When the U.S. Army unveiled its fiscal year 2021 (FY 2021) budget request in February 2020, supporting budget documents detailed plans for the "competitive follow on contract [JLTV] award" in FY 2022. It was disclosed that the service wants to reduce its JLTV buy by US$201.6 million over the coming years, but retaining a 40,099 procurement objective. Two years of JLTV production cuts, in FY 2020 and FY 2021, will now extend the full operational capability timeline out by three years until FY 2042. On 17 June 2020, Oshkosh announced the company had been awarded a $61.8M contract modification to increase available trailer options under the current JLTV Family of Vehicles contract from 32 to 3,541. The JLTV-T (JLTV - Trailer) was designed as an integral part of the JLTV Family of Vehicles.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: In February 2021 Oshkosh announced the company had produced its 10,000th JLTV, and had received orders for 18,126 JLTVs in contracts totalling more than USD6 billion. The first National Guard fielding of JLTV was the 19th SF in 3QFY21.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: On 26 January 2022 a Presolicitation Notice (W56HZV-20-R-0072) was issued for the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) Family of Vehicles (FoV) Follow-On, the A2 contract. The anticipated solicitation release date was 04 February 2022 with an anticipated proposal due date of 12 April 2022; actual release date was 09 Feb. The planned period of performance for this contract is from September 2022 through September 2032. The awarded contract will be a single award, five-year requirements type contract, with five one-year options on a Cost-Plus Fixed-Fee and Firm-Fixed Price basis. The projected contract value is $7.3 billion with original contract award pricing retained (plus inflation), and the award is expected to call for a maximum of 15,425 A2 JLTV and 6,000 JLTV Trailers, with deliveries to commence 18 months after contract award. In addition to Oshkosh, respondents to the RfP are expected to include AM General, GM Defense, and Navistar.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: As of April 2022, 15 JLTV delivery orders had been placed, the most recent of these in November 2021 and valued at USD591 million. The order includes 1,669 vehicles and 868 trailers, the vehicle total including 125 JLTVs for Brazil, Lithuania, Montenegro, and Slovenia. Deliveries are expected to be completed by September 2023. This latest order brings the total number of JLTVs ordered to date to 19,727.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Outside of the United States, a number of other countries have shown an interest in or have ordered the JLTV. These include Belgium, Brazil, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania and Slovenia. All have ordered via FMS with the exception of Belgium which is a direct sale. Portugal and the United Kingdom have expressed an interest in acquiring the JLTV. Australia joined the TD phase of JLTV but ultimately opted to procure the locally produced Thales Hawkei. India expressed an interest in joining the JLTV program, but did not join.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Given the competitive nature of the JLTV competition and recompete, only limited technical detail has been released by either the U.S. Army or Oshkosh. Only basic outline dimensions and limited operating weight and automotive data is available, and is included in Specifications. The JLTV is based around Oshkosh's TAK-4i (i=intelligent) independent suspension system. Around 26,000 military vehicles are fitted with an earlier version of the system, including the Oshkosh Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR), Oshkosh Logistic Vehicle System Replacement (LVSR), and Oshkosh MRAP All-Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV); the TAK-4 system has been retro-fitted to the Force Protection Inc Cougar and BAE Systems RG-33 MRAPs. The majority of systems supplied to date have been coil-sprung. The TAK-4i version fitted to the JLTV remains undisclosed, but is not coil-sprung and is of the variable adjustable ride-height type with up to of wheel travel, 25% more than the current standard. The JLTVs suspension aided egress system capability levels side to side and front to rear on slopes or grades when selected by the operator. The front and rear suspension height can also be independently controlled for ship and transportability. The suspension system has ride height control at all four wheels.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Motive power is provided by a digitally-controlled Gale Banks Engineering 866T V-8 diesel, this based on the architecture of the General Motors Duramax LML. Power output is 340 hp. Production of the Duramax LML engine concluded in 2017, the unit replaced by the Duramax L5P. JLTV A1 models that were introduced in 2017 are powered by a derivation of this engine. The A2 JLTV will be powered by the next generation of the Duramax engine, production of the current Duramax MY2020 L5P scheduled to conclude Q3FY22. An Allison 2500SP six-speed fully automatic transmission is fitted to all JLTVs


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The JLTV has been designed to comply with the U.S. Army's Long Term Armor Strategy (LTAS). The LTAS system follows an A-kit/B-kit principle, with vehicles designed "fitted for, but not with" protection. Protection kits can be installed and uninstalled from vehicles in the field using basic tools. The A-kit is fitted on the production line and is a combination of a limited amount of armoring, in difficult-to-access areas of the vehicle, together with a significant amount of armor installation attachments and required support structures. The bulk of the armor, the B-kit, is installed in the field on an as-required basis. Two soldiers can install B-kit armor in five hours. An 800-pound RPG protection kit can be installed in two hours at field-level maintenance and completed by the crew within 30 minutes. The JLTV offers protection levels greater than those of up-armored HMMWVs and comparable to those of original MRAP class designs, but in an overall vehicle package that is considerably smaller and lighter than vehicles procured under the U.S. Marines MRAP procurement.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The benefits of the A-kit/B-kit principle are that armor is only fitted when required, reducing vehicle wear and tear and, by default, whole lifecycle costs. Improvements and/or upgrades to armor are also far easier to integrate into an appliqué solution. No quantity for JLTV armoring kits has yet been disclosed, but it is anticipated that the estimated $65,000 kits will be procured on a one kit to three vehicle basis. The overall protection will include a spall liner to minimize perforation effects within a vehicle when the vehicle takes hostile fire.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The JLTV has an automatic fire-extinguishing system to protect the crew cabin. Fuel tanks are mounted externally and shielded by the JLTV structure. Each crew seat has a combined seat and blast restraint device. Ingress time for a crew of four in combat equipment is 30 seconds or less. Egress with B-kit doors is within 10 seconds. The only weight-related data officially released includes a gross vehicle weight of 10,266 lb. Payload for the two-door variant is quoted as 2,318 kg, payload for the four-door variant is quoted as 1,590 kg. The USMC required a vehicle that can be transported by their current and planned systems. In April 2009, Marine Corps Commandant James Conway warned that the Marine Corps "will not buy a vehicle that's 20,000 lb."


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Requirements called for the cabin heater to raise the crew compartment temperature from to in one hour. The air-conditioner should drop the temperature from to within forty minutes. The JLTV was to be equipped with a diagnostic monitoring system that will electronically alert the operator of equipment failures so that they can be fixed. The electronic monitoring will observe the fuel, air intake, engine, cooling, transmission, energy storage, power generation and vehicle speed as well as other systems.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The Pentagon required at least 600 mean miles before an essential function failure. The vehicle was to be capable of traveling for 3 miles (5 km) cross-country having endured three perforations of half-full main fuel tanks. The JLTV must also operate in altitudes from minus 500 feet to 12,000 feet and maintain full mission capability in temperatures from , according to established requirements. When temperatures drop well below zero, the JLTV must start within one minute with no external aids, kits or prior warming of the batteries. The vehicle must be capable of traveling paved at or in operational terrain on a single tank of JP-8 fuel. Acceleration from in 9.7 seconds on dry, level, hard terrain was required as a threshold requirement (objective being 7 seconds), as was the ability to ford of saltwater without a fording kit, in forward and reverse, while maintaining contact with the ground.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Other tactically driven mobility requirements include a threshold 27-foot turning radius and the ability to climb 24-inch vertical obstacles in forward and reverse. JLTV must be able to drive off an 18-inch vertical step at 15 mph and sustain no mechanical damage. It will be capable of traversing a 20-degree V-ditch that is 25 feet wide at an approach angle of 45-degree. It can 'jump' a 6-inch parallel curb at 15 mph and traverse a 20-foot flight of stairs at 5 mph. It must climb a 60 percent dry, hard-surfaced gradient and traverse a 40 percent sideslope with no degradation in driver control.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: JLTV is transportable by sea, rail, and air. The JLTV is transportable on all classes of ocean-going transport ships with minimal disassembly. It was required to be rail-transportable on U.S. and NATO country railways. Air transportability will be by fixed-wing aircraft as large or larger than the C-130 Hercules and sling-loadable with rotary-wing aircraft such as the CH-47/MH-47 and CH-53. The proposed ambulance variant was to be air-droppable by C-5 and C-17 fixed-wing aircraft. The JLTV can be prepared in 30 minutes for transport by aircraft, Maritime Prepositioning Force ships or rail. This is aided by an adjustable-height suspension.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The JLTV family and its nomenclature evolved throughout the development process and to date the U.S. Army has allocated M designations to four individual JLTV configurations. In JLTV's Initial Capability Document, there were four payload options, this later reduced to three, Payload Categories A, B, and C. By the time Capability Development Document version 3.3 was published at the conclusion of JLTV's Technology Development (TD) phase, payload options had been reduced to only two and payload verbiage had been dropped, replaced by reference to variants. From that point on two stated variants were required, the Combat Tactical Vehicle (CTV) and Combat Support Vehicle (CSV).


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The CTV configuration replaced the previous Category A and Category B configurations and was a 4-seat vehicle with a 3,500-pound payload. The CSV replaced the previous Category C configuration and was a 2-seat vehicle with a 5,100-pound payload. The JLTV family now consists of three base vehicle platforms, Utility (JLTV-UTL), Close Combat Weapons Carrier (JLTV-CCWC) and General Purpose (JLTV-GP). The Utility base vehicle platform is a two-door configuration, the General Purpose and Close Combat Weapons Carrier base vehicle platforms are a four-door configuration. Standard U.S. military M-designators are applied base vehicle platforms when outfitted to a specific Mission Package Configuration. These currently are:


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: Oshkosh showcased for the first time the L-ATV Ambulance at the Association of the United States Army (AUSA) Global Force Symposium in Huntsville, Alabama, from 26 to 28 March 2019. The L-ATV Ambulance is based on the utility configuration base platform and the rear can hold 4 litters or up to 8 seated patients or a combination of the two. At present the L-ATV Ambulance is not a JLTV variant, but according to the company the design will be marketed to the U.S. Army and Marines.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: In January 2022 Oshkosh unveiled a hybrid-electric Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (eJLTV) technology demonstrator that uses a ‘commercially available' lithium-ion battery. It takes the diesel engine of the JLTV about 30 minutes to charge the lithium-ion battery, and then the eJLTV can operate off of battery power for approximately the same amount of time. It is also able to export up to 115 kW of power. However, the hybrid electric configuration adds more than 453 kg to the vehicle's curb weight.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: From June 2019 a dedicated trailer (JLTV-T) is being procured for the JLTV, as in-service trailers were unable to safely match the performance and mobility of the JLTV. A dedicated companion trailer for the JLTV (the JLTV – Trailer (JLTV-T)) formed part of the requirement from its early stages, and the production contract awarded to Oshkosh included the option for trailer production. However, the decision was taken to leverage investment made in the HMMWV’s Light Tactical Trailer (LTT) and not to resource procurement of the JLTV-T. As a result of this, initial quantities were limited to test examples only.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: However, operational testing would demonstrate that the LTT was not compatible with a JLTV operating at mission profile speeds, thus the JLTV was limited to the safe towing speed of the LTT to limit equipment damage. In June 2020 Oshkosh announced that the company had been awarded a contract modification to increase available trailer options from 32 to 3,541, and as part of a November 2020 JLTV award 1,001 trailers were ordered. First fielding of the JLTV-Trailer is scheduled for March 2022, and until then the JLTV is used with the LTT, but at a reduced mission profile.


title: Joint Light Tactical Vehicle

text: The JLTV-T is based on a bolted channel section chassis and features independent trailing arm and air suspension. Wheels and tires are shared with the JLTV. The cargo deck features removable sidewalls and tailgate, an onboard stowage box included for these when the trailer is used as a flatbed. ISO locks are provided on the loadbed for any required shelter of similar interface.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: The Alenia C-27J Spartan is a military transport aircraft developed and manufactured by Leonardo's Aircraft Division (formerly Alenia Aermacchi until 2016). It is an advanced derivative of Alenia Aeronautica's earlier G.222 (C-27A Spartan in U.S. service), equipped with the engines and various other systems also used on the larger Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules. In addition to the standard transport configuration, specialized variants of the C-27J have been developed for maritime patrol, search and rescue, C3 ISR (command, control, communications, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance), fire support/ground-attack and electronic warfare missions.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2007, the C-27J was selected as the "Joint Cargo Aircraft" (JCA) for the United States military; these were produced in an international teaming arrangement under which L-3 Communications served as the prime contractor. In 2012, the United States Air Force (USAF) elected to retire the C-27J after only a short service life due to budget cuts; they were later reassigned to the U.S. Coast Guard and United States Special Operations Command. The C-27J has also been ordered by the military air units of Australia, Bulgaria, Chad, Greece, Italy, Kenya, Lithuania, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Zambia and an undisclosed country.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 1995, Alenia and Lockheed Martin began discussions to improve Alenia's G.222 using C-130J's glass cockpit and a more powerful version of the G.222's T64G engine and three-blade propellers. In 1996, a program began on an improved G.222, named C-27J; it used a U.S. military type designation based on the G.222's C-27A designation. In 1997, Alenia and Lockheed Martin formed Lockheed Martin Alenia Tactical Transport Systems (LMATTS) to develop the C-27J. The design changed to use the C-130J Super Hercules's Rolls-Royce AE 2100 engine and six-blade propeller. Other changes include a fully digital MIL-STD-1553 systems and avionics architecture, and an updated cargo compartment for increased commonality. The C-27J has a 35% increase in range and a 15% faster cruise speed than the G.222.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: The C-27J first flew on 24 September 1999. Two months later, the Italian air force was reported as the launch customer of the C-27J, ordering 12 Spartans. At the time, the C-27J had a basic price of US$24 million. After over 400 hours of flight tests spanning less than 13 months, the aircraft was granted civil certification by the Italian Civil Aviation Authority at the Paris Air Show in June 2001. Military certification followed on 20 December 2001.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: By 2005, the U.S. Army had identified the need to replace its aging Short C-23 Sherpa lifter. In lieu of adequate fixed-wing airlift availability, the CH-47 helicopter fleet was being worked hard on the "last tactical mile" to supply forward-placed troops; thus the U.S. Army sought the C-27J for its direct support capabilities, and to reduce demands on the CH-47 fleet. In 2006, LMATTS was dissolved when Lockheed Martin offered the C-130J in 2006 as a contender in the same U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force Joint Cargo Aircraft (JCA) competition in which the C-27J was competing. Alenia Aeronautica then paired with L-3 Communications, forming the Global Military Aircraft Systems (GMAS) joint venture to market the C-27J; Boeing also joined GMAS.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: GMAS bid the C-27J in the JCA competition against Raytheon and EADS North America's C-295 to replace existing Short C-23 Sherpa, Beechcraft C-12 Huron and Fairchild C-26 Metroliners in the Army National Guard, and as a substitute tactical airlifter for Air National Guard groups or wings losing C-130s to retirement or Base Realignment and Closures. By November 2006, the C-27J completed the U.S. Department of Defense's Early User Survey evaluations, having flown a total of 26 hours and surpassed all requirements. GMAS also announced that the C-27J will be assembled at a facility at Cecil Field, Duval County, Florida. The JCA's final selection was expected in March 2007, however it was postponed until 13 June 2007, when the Pentagon announced the award of a US$2.04 billion contract for 78 C-27Js, including training and support, to GMAS.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: On 22 June 2007, Raytheon formally protested the JCA contract award for the C-27J. On 27 September 2007, the GAO announced that it had denied Raytheon's protest, thereby allowing the Pentagon to proceed with procurement; at this time, the U.S. Army had requirement for up to 75 aircraft in the Army National Guard; the Air Force had a requirement for up to 70 aircraft in the Air Force Special Operations Command and the Air National Guard. The first C-27J was planned to be delivered to the joint U.S. Army–Air Force test and training program in June 2008. The first flight of a U.S. C-27J occurred on 17 June 2008.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: , orders stand at Australia (10), Bulgaria (3), Chad (2), Greece (8), Italy (12), Kenya (3), Lithuania (3), Mexico (4), Morocco (4), Peru (4), Romania (7), Slovakia (2), Zambia (2), United States (21), and an undisclosed country (2).


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In November 2020, Leonardo launched the C-27J Next Generation programme with new equipment, systems and aerodynamic solutions to improve operating efficiency and enhance performance. The New Generation features comprehensive new avionics to comply with the Performance Based Navigation international standard to operate in civil air space without limitations and to enhance interoperability in tactical scenarios, while new winglets contribute to improved climb performance and increase the MTOW by up to 1,000 kg.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: The United States received its first C-27J on 25 September 2008. In September 2008, L-3 Link's C-27J schoolhouse officially began classes at the Georgia Army National Guard Flight Facility, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. By April 2009, the U.S. Army had accepted deliveries of 2 aircraft and had 11 more on order. In May 2009, the U.S. Army and Army National Guard relinquished all aircraft to the U.S. Air Force, primarily the Air National Guard; this led to the purchase being reduced to 38 C-27Js and the USAF receiving total control of all US C-27Js. Initially, the C-27J was to be operated by the Air National Guard for direct support of the United States Army; later, both Army National Guard and Air National Guard flight crews support the aircraft's fielding. By July 2010, the U.S. Air National Guard had received four C-27Js for testing and training, with initial operational capability expected in October 2010.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: The U.S. Air Force performed the C-27J's first combat deployment in summer 2011. In August 2011, two C-27Js flown by Air National Guard aircrews, augmented with Army National Guard personnel, began operations at Kandahar Air Field, Afghanistan. Between August 2011 and June 2012, the C-27Js of the 179th Airlift Wing, followed by the 175th Wing, executed more than 3200 missions transporting over 25,000 passengers, and 1400 tons of cargo. Via tactical control of the C-27Js, the U.S. Army was able to employ helicopters more efficiently, splitting missions between the two platforms based on their relative strengths.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: On 26 January 2012, the Department of Defense announced plans to retire all 38 USAF C-27Js on order because of excess intra-theater airlift capacity and budgetary pressures; the C-130 would perform its functions. In February 2012, Alenia warned that it would not provide support for C-27Js resold by the US to international customers in competition with future orders. On 23 March 2012, the USAF announced the C-27J's retirement in fiscal year 2013 after determining other programs' budgetary needs and requirement changes for a new Pacific strategy. The cut was opposed by the Air National Guard and by various legislators.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In July 2012, the USAF briefly suspended flight operations following a flight control system failure. By 2013, newly built C-27Js were being sent directly to the Davis–Monthan Air Force Base boneyard. The USAF spent $567 million on 21 C-27Js since 2007, with 16 delivered by the end of September 2013; 12 had been taken out of service while a further 5 were to be built by April 2014 as they were too near completion to be worth cancelling. Budget cuts motivated the divesture; a C-27J allegedly costs $308 million over its lifespan in comparison with a C-130's $213 million 25-year lifespan cost.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In November 2012, the C-27J deployed for its first domestic mission, contributing to the Hurricane Sandy relief effort.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In July 2013, the U.S. Coast Guard considered acquiring up to 14 of the 21 retired C-27Js and converting them for search-and-rescue missions, while cancelling undelivered orders for the HC-144 Ocean Sentry to save $500–$800 million. EADS claimed that the HC-144 costs half as much as the C-27J to maintain and operate. The U.S. Forest Service also wanted 7 C-27Js for aerial firefighting. The U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) were interested in acquiring ex-USAF C-27Js. If the DoD determined it could not afford the aircraft, they would go to the Forest Service. In late 2013, SOCOM was allocated 7 C-27Js to replace its CASA 212 training aircraft. In December 2013, the 14 remaining C-27Js were transferred to the Coast Guard, with the first HC-27J delivered in Coast Guard colors in April 2016.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In October 2006, Italy accepted delivery of the first C-27J of an initial batch of 12 aircraft and in January 2007, the first aircraft was delivered to the 46 Brigata Aerea, in Pisa. From 12 September 2008 to 27 January 2009, a pair of Italian Air Force C-27Js were deployed to Afghanistan to contribute to NATO in-theatre airlift operations. In December 2013, an Italian C-27J was deployed to the Philippines to participate in international humanitarian relief operations in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan. The Italian Air Force is also the launch customer for a special mission variant of the C-27J, named Praetorian in the configuration tailored for ItAF and equipped with ISR equipment and roll-on, roll-off mission systems consoles; Italy is the first European nation to operate such an aircraft.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2006, Bulgaria had initially ordered five C-27J to replace its aging fleet of Antonov An-26 aircraft, but reduced its order to three aircraft in 2010 due to funding shortages. In March 2011, the Bulgarian Air Force received the third and final of the C-27Js ordered; the fleet is employed for military transport missions as well as medical evacuations, special tasks of the Interior Ministry, and participating in international operations such as the rotation of Bulgarian troops in Afghanistan.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2006, the Romanian government announced the selection of the C-27J, seeking 7 aircraft to be delivered from 2008 to replace Antonov An-24 and Antonov An-26 aircraft, beating the EADS CASA C-295. In February 2007, a legal challenge filed by EADS blocked the Romanian order; the order was allowed to proceed when the Romanian court rejected EADS' complaint in June 2007. On 7 December 2007, a contract for the seven C-27Js was officially signed. On 12 April 2010, the first two C-27s were delivered to the Romanian Air Force.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In December 2011, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) issued a Foreign Military Sales request for 10 C-27Js valued at US$950m to replace its retired DHC-4 Caribou fleet. Australia had opted for the C-27J over the rival EADS CASA C-295 following a RAAF evaluation, which had noted the C-27J's wider and taller cabin being compatible with the Australian Army's general purpose G-Wagon vehicle, and palletized goods. In December 2013, the first Australian C-27J performed its maiden flight. In December 2014, the RAAF began maintenance training on the type; delivery of the first two of the ten C-27Js on order was also formally accepted that month. The last aircraft for RAAF was delivered in April 2018.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: On 6 July 2011, the Mexican Air Force signed a $200 million contract for four C-27Js and a multiyear support agreement for the fleet. The first aircraft was received two months later, all four were delivered by the end of 2012. Mexico's C-27Js are based at Santa Lucía Air Force Base Num 1 and operated by 302 Air Squadron alongside a number of C-130 Hercules.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In June 2013, the Peruvian Air Force was negotiating to acquire four C-27Js for $200 million; future purchases by Peru may increase the total to 12 Spartans. The C-27J competed against the EADS CASA C-295, Antonov An-70, Antonov An-32, and C-130J. On 25 November 2013, Peru selected the C-27J; two aircraft and associated support was purchased in a 100 million-euro deal. On 27 March 2015, the first C-27J was formally accepted by the Peruvian Air Force; by this point a total of four C-27Js were on order for the service. The fourth aircraft was delivered on 5 December 2017 at Grupo Aéreo N°8.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In June 2018, Kenya received an international loan for military aircraft and expansion including three C-27J.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In January 2021, the Slovenian government announced that its interest in purchasing one C-27J for the Slovenian Air Force and Air Defence. On 17 November 2021, the Slovenian Ministry of Defense signed a contract for one C-27J to the Slovenian Army; it is to be delivered within one year and be equipped with modules for transporting casualties, cargo, and extinguishing forest fires.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: On 21 August 2009, Taiwan announced that it had entered price negotiations with Alenia Aeronautica for the sale of six C-27Js.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2010, the Indian Air Force issued a Request for Information (RFI) for 16 medium military transport aircraft; Alenia Aeronautica responded with data on the C-27J.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2015, Alenia Aermacchi were studying the development of a C-27J maritime patrol variant. Other proposed variants of the platform include a multi-mission C-27J that could be armed with various air-launched weapons and equipped with a maritime surveillance radar; Alenia Aermacchi have promoted this model to the Royal Air Force.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2016, Leonardo conducted demonstration flights around La Paz at the request of the Bolivian government, which may led to Bolivia purchasing C-27Js.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2007, the C-27J was being considered as a sole-source C$3 billion contract by Canada as a replacement for its search and rescue air fleet. Alenia Aermacchi bid their C-27J FWSAR/MPA, a modified C-27J for the Search and rescue and Maritime Patrol Aircraft roles. Exclusive modifications included a mission systems pallet from General Dynamics Mission Systems Canada, additional observation windows, an AESA search radar, satellite and ATC radios, flare/markers launchers, an electro-optical/infrared turret, a new flight management system and other performance upgrades. Alenia Aermacchi bid up to 32 aircraft with lifetime maintenance from KF Aerospace and in-service support from General Dynamics Canada. The C-27J FWSAR/MPA bid competed against the Airbus C-295 FWSAR and the Embraer KC-390. In December 2016, the Canadian government selected the C-295.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2012, the C-27J was shortlisted as a candidate for the Philippine Air Force (PAF) medium lift aircraft program. A joint team from the Philippines' Department of National Defense (DND) and PAF inspected the C-27J in January 2012. The DND already received approval from the Philippine president to purchase 3 units, and is awaiting congressional approval as of November 2012. However, the PAF announced EADS-CASA's (now Airbus) C-295M as declared winner for the medium lift aircraft acquisition project.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: The AC-27J was a proposed gunship for the U.S. Air Force. In 2008, US$32 million was reallocated to buy a C-27J for the U.S. Air Force Special Operations Command, to fulfill requirements defined by AFSOC for the AC-XX concept, a replacement for the aging Lockheed AC-130s. It was to use proven systems to reduce risk. AFSOC planned for 16 gunships, the first in 2011 and two more per year up to 2015. The AC-27J was to be a multi-mission platform, equipped with full-motion cameras and outfitted to support covert infiltration and other ground operations, armed with either a 30-millimeter or 40-millimeter gun or precision-guided munitions such as the Viper Strike bomb. At the Air Force Association's 2008 conference, it was named "Stinger II" after the AC-119K Stinger.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: C-27A "90-0170" was removed from storage at AMARC in October 2008 and delivered to Eglin AFB, Florida, for use by the Air Force Research Laboratory to test the feasibility of mounting of 30 mm and 40 mm guns. In May 2009, the program was put on hold because U.S. Army funding for 40 C-27s in an Army–Air Force cooperative purchase was removed from the fiscal 2010 budget. U.S. Air Force Special Operations Command elected to standardize their fleet with the C-130 to meet its gunship needs.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: The HC-27J is a modified surveillance variant for the US Coast Guard. 14 retired C-27Js were rebuilt as HC-27Js for maritime patrol, surveillance, medium-range search and rescue, drug and migrant interdiction, and disaster response missions. Deliveries began in November 2014.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: The MC-27J is a variant for multi-mission purposes, including Command and Control, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (C3-ISR), Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) and Combat Support operations, using roll-off/roll-on systems for different sensors and equipment: AESA Search Radar; Elettro-Optical/Infra-Red (EO/IR) system; Electronic Support Measures (ESM); palletized Mission System; enhanced Communications System including datalink and SATCOM capabilities; Store Management System to employ Precision Guided Munitions (PGM – one hard point under each wing); palletized fire support system with a high accurate gun able to fire through the LH rear door, that can be installed and rapidly uninstalled when not required. The MC-27J can support special forces and ground troops with direct fire, performing armed ISR, Close Air Support (CAS) and Combat Search And Rescue (CSAR). It also has a defensive aids suite. In 2012, Alenia Aermacchi stated it would offer an upgrade program to the MC-27J configuration. The MC-27J was developed as an Alenia Aermacchi-Orbital private venture.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: The Italian Air Force converted three C-27Js into MC-27Js in 2016. On 25 March 2014, the first MC-27J, named Praetorian in the configuration tailored for Italian Air Force, performed its maiden flight. In July 2014, the MC-27J reportedly successfully completed the first phase of ground and flight testing with the Italian Air Force. In October 2020, the annual Documento Programmatico Pluriennale (DPP) 2020-2022 of Italian Minister of Defence indicates realization of the MC-27J to support special operations.


title: Alenia C-27J Spartan

text: In 2010, the Italian Air Force announced the development of an electronic warfare package for its C-27 fleet under the jamming and electronic defence instrumentation (Jedi) program. One publicised ability of the aircraft is the disruption of radio communications and, in particular, remote detonators commonly used on improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The EC-27 has been compared to the capabilities of the USAF's Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call. In 2015, it was revealed that an improved "Jedi 2" payload was under development to provide increased electronic warfare capabilities.


title: Madhu Mantena

text: Madhu Varma Mantena is an Indian film producer and entrepreneur involved in the production and distribution of films across Hindi, Telugu, and Bengali cinema.


title: Madhu Mantena

text: In 2008, Madhu Mantena co-produced "Ghajini" (2008) which was the highest grossing Indian film for that year. Since then Madhu has produced films such as the trilingual sleeper-hit Rakht Charitra (2010), the political thriller "Rann" (2010) screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, and the Bengali hit Autograph.


title: Madhu Mantena

text: Madhu co-founded Phantom Films with Anurag Kashyap, Vikas Bahl and Vikramaditya Motwane, which went on to deliver works such as "Lootera" (2013), "Queen" (2014) which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi for that year, "Hasee Toh Phasee" (2014), and the Neo-Noir films, "Bombay Velvet" (2015), "Ugly" (2015) screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, and the New York Indian Film Festival, and Masaan screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival winning two awards, and the National Film Award. The 2016 film "Raman Raghav 2.0" was screened at the Cannes Directors' Fortnight.


title: Madhu Mantena

text: He made it into the Limca Book of Records for theatrically releasing seven films, produced by him, within a time span of 50 days. This is the maximum number of release in different languages by one producer in the shortest time. Four of the films were released within a short span of eight days. He also ran Ram Gopal Varma's production house "Factory". His film for 2019 is "Super 30"


title: Madhu Mantena

text: Madhu Mantena began his career by creating his own music label as a teenager which he then sold to Supreme Recording Company. He then went on to set up Adlabs’ International Operations under the aegis of Manmohan Shetty and was head of Saregama Films. Currently, Madhu Mantena has built a media entity with various companies operating across the entertainment and media value chain, each specializing in one of the fields of talent management, content development, content production, content distribution and monetization.


title: Madhu Mantena

text: He Co-founded KWAN, a celebrity management company, with Anirban Das Blah (erstwhile CEO of Globosport). In 2012 KWAN announced a joint venture along-with Creative Artist Agency (CAA) to form a new entity, CAA KWAN. This talent management agency presently commands a variety of business interests and manages a repertoire of Indian talent as well as international talent.


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: Lethal Weapon is an American buddy cop action-comedy media franchise created by Shane Black. It focuses on two Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) detectives, Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh. The franchise consists of a series of four films released between 1987 and 1998 and a television series which aired from 2016 to 2019. The four films were directed by Richard Donner and also share many of the same core cast members, while the television series is a reboot with different actors. Although the first film was not explicitly a comedy, the later films and the television series gradually became comedic in nature.


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: A proposed fifth "Lethal Weapon" film had been in talks and development since 2007, but has yet to make it into production. In September of 2022, director Mel Gibson expressed confidence that the film would begin shooting in the early months of 2023, and will most likely see a release date the same year.


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: Anxious with age and retirement, homicide detective Roger Murtaugh (Danny Glover) is partnered with young and suicidal narcotics officer Martin Riggs (Mel Gibson). Together, they work the case of the alleged suicide of Amanda Hunsaker (Jackie Swanson), daughter of a wealthy businessman who served with Murtaugh in Vietnam. Murtaugh and Riggs soon discover that Hunsaker was involved in a heroin-smuggling scheme led by a retired general (Mitchell Ryan) and his lead enforcer (Gary Busey).


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: During a car chase, Riggs and Murtaugh stumble upon a trunk full of smuggled South African Krugerrands. This sparks a series of attempts at their lives, forcing them to take a less dangerous case, protecting Leo Getz (Joe Pesci), a loud-mouthed whistleblower with whom they gradually bond and befriend. However, they realize that Getz was involved in the same South African illegal activities. As a result, the three men become entangled in a drug-smuggling operation involving South African diplomats in Los Angeles, using their immunity and biting wit as a shield. Riggs kills the murderer of his wife who is among the criminals.


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: As Murtaugh, who is one week from retiring, and Riggs investigate a robbery committed using a duplicate armored car, they find themselves in the middle of an Internal Affairs investigation led by Sergeant Lorna Cole (Rene Russo). With assistance from Leo, they learn that the subject of the investigation is a rogue cop (Stuart Wilson) who is stealing impounded weapons and selling them on the black market. During the investigation, Murtaugh shoots and kills a teenager who attacks him and Riggs; he turns out to be a friend of his own son. This prompts Murtaugh to capture the man responsible for the distribution of illegal firearms and to rethink his retirement.


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: While Lorna and Murtaugh's daughter Rianne are both pregnant, Riggs and Murtaugh once again team up with Leo as well as rookie Detective Lee Butters (Chris Rock) to investigate a Chinese immigrant smuggling ring. Wah Sing Ku (Jet Li) is a ruthless enforcer who personally attempts to murder Murtaugh's family by burning them alive in their own home. As the story progresses, Murtaugh discovers that Lee is the father of his daughter's unborn child. The two slay dozens of Chinese gangsters and ultimately manage to catch up with the boss of the smuggling ring. Riggs and Lorna are married at the end of the film as their child is born.


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: There had long been talk of a fifth "Lethal Weapon" film, although both Mel Gibson and Danny Glover had initially expressed a lack of interest. In 2007, Moviehole.net received word from sources that Warner Bros. were in the early stages of trying to relaunch the "Lethal Weapon" series sometime in 2009 or later. A spec script treatment was written by Shane Black and Chuck Mondry, leading to rumors that the sequel was on fast track by Warner Bros. with Black in the director's chair. In 2008, Richard Donner said that Mel turned down this offer, also saying that he and "Lethal Weapon 4" writer Channing Gibson "had an incredibly strong story for the fifth movie" but that the studio had opted to work with Joel Silver instead.


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: In November 2017, Mel Gibson hinted that a fifth film might happen and that he, Richard Donner, and Danny Glover have discussed the idea to return. In December, Donner confirmed in an interview on the Spocklight podcast that Gibson and Glover have agreed to return as Riggs and Murtaugh respectively and that he has a story all set. The only obstacle is Warner Bros. greenlighting the film. Channing Gibson remains involved as screenwriter. The story will take place in present day and is intended to be the final film in the series. In February 2018, Donner revealed the film's official title to be "Lethal Finale", while also stating that the film is being held up by the production company and story. In January 2020, producer Dan Lin confirmed that "Lethal Weapon 5" is in active development, with Mel Gibson and Danny Glover confirmed to return, and Richard Donner returning to direct, but that a script had not yet been finalized. In December, Richard Donner confirmed that he was developing the sequel and would produce and direct it, adding that it would be the last film he directed. However, Donner died on July 5, 2021. Mel Gibson has been approached for potentially directing the film, and he confirmed in November that he was in talks to direct and star in the fifth "Lethal Weapon" film, saying that he would be helming the film to honor Donner. It was also revealed that Richard Wenk ("The Equalizer", "") had drafted the screenplay. In September of 2022, Gibson expressed "confidence" that the film would begin shooting in the early months of 2023, and may see a release date the same year.


title: Lethal Weapon (franchise)

text: A television adaptation of the film series was developed by Matthew Miller as co-executive producer, along with Dan Lin and Jennifer Gwartz for Fox. Clayne Crawford and Damon Wayans starred as Riggs and Murtaugh. Other cast include Keesha Sharp replacing Golden Brooks as Trish, Jordana Brewster as Dr. Maureen Cahill, Kevin Rahm as Captain Brooks Avery, Chandler Kinney as Riana Murtaugh, Dante Brown as Roger "R.J." Murtaugh Jr., Johnathan Fernandez as Scorsese, and Thomas Lennon in the recurring role of Leo Getz. Fox gave "Lethal Weapon" a series order in May 2016. For the third season, Crawford was replaced by Seann William Scott, as a new character named Wesley Cole. Crawford was fired from the show after Fox and Warner Bros. refused to aid in escalating tensions between Crawford and Wayans, and the series killed off the character of Riggs. After three seasons Fox canceled the show in May 2019.


title: Call to action (marketing)

text: In marketing, a "call to action" (CTA) is an instruction to the audience designed to provoke an immediate response, usually using an imperative verb such as "call now", "find out more" or "visit a store today". Other types of calls to action might provide consumers with strong reasons for purchasing immediately, such an offer that is only available for a limited time (e.g. 'Offer must expire soon'; 'Limited stocks available') or a special deal usually accompanied by a time constraint (e.g. 'Order before midnight to receive a gift with your order'; 'Two for the price of one for first 50 callers only'). The key to a powerful call to action is to provide consumers with compelling reasons to purchase promptly rather than defer purchase decisions. A CTA can be a simple non-demanding request like "choose a colour" or "watch this video", or a much more demanding request. An obvious CTA would be a request for the consumer to purchase a product or provide personal details and contact information. A CTA often takes the form of a digital image that encourages a lead to move closer towards making a purchase. “Click here,” “Download Now,” and “Learn More,” are all examples of CTAs online consumers are already familiar with.


title: Call to action (marketing)

text: Many marketing materials, such as brochures, flyers, catalogs, email campaigns, also make use of a call to action. Such instructions are designed to show consumers how to take the next step and create a sense of urgency around the offer.


title: Call to action (marketing)

text: Successful sales representatives have long recognised that specific words and phrases elicit desirable responses from prospects, and soon learn to incorporate the best lines into effective sales scripts. Clever sales pitches often incorporate a series of small CTAs that lead to a final CTA. These smaller CTAs create a pattern of behaviour that makes it easier for the audience to follow-through with just one last CTA, completing a more demanding request, than had it been asked without context. An example could be the purchase of a designer timepiece. The sales person might ask the consumer to choose a style, then a colour, a size and even a personalised engraving. When the client views the personalised design, they are more likely to be predisposed to complete the purchase. The sales representative can "close" the sale by asking, "Will that be cash or credit, today?"


title: Call to action (marketing)

text: Advertising messages, especially direct-response advertising messages, often make extensive use of calls to action. The key to a powerful call to action is to provide consumers with compelling reasons to purchase promptly rather than defer purchase decisions. An article in the "Wall Street Journal" suggests that the incidence of calls to action in television advertisements is increasing due to marketers' desire for instant and measurable results.


title: Call to action (marketing)

text: In web design, a CTA may be a banner, button, or some graphic or text on a website meant to prompt a user to click it, and continue down a conversion funnel. It is an essential part of inbound marketing as well as permission marketing in that it actively strives to convert a user into a lead and later into a customer. The main goal of a CTA is a click, or a scan in the case of a QR code, and its success can be measured with a click-through rate, a conversion rate formula that calculates the number of clicks over the times the CTA was seen. Another way to test the effectiveness of a CTA is using A/B testing where several graphics are presented to users and the graphic with the highest success rate becomes the default.


title: Call to action (marketing)

text: A call to action is often used in email marketing, a form of media sent directly to consumers that typically raises awareness for a sale, event, promotion, or release. While consumers consent to the company contacting them via email, a call to action must be strong to be perceived as important when in an inbox. The call to action is usually included in the subject line to gain consumer's interest to open the Email. Too many cold emails are hard sells and get opened, forgotten, and buried. Instead, you want to give value quickly: what’s in it for me? Why should I trust you? How is your content or product going to help me solve my problem today? Even if you don’t have all of those answers prepared—and most people who are trying cold email probably won’t—you can still sell yourself by giving value right off the bat. Think about it: if someone takes time out of their day to read your email, they may very well be interested in what you have to say. Take advantage of that! Start with something like I know you’re busy, but I thought you might find [insert benefit] useful.


title: Call to action (marketing)

text: Calls to action evolve as society evolves. The concept is hyper focused around the consumer and must meet the consumer where they are rather than suggesting the consumer adjusts their behavior to the business or company. Marketing professionals must keep up to date on current events and how their target market is responding to said events to ensure appropriate messaging of their call to action in relation to the context. Extreme traumatic events may cause a call to action to be less business related and more society related. On the other hand, marketers must also note interesting changes in their target audience. When an audience engages with an activity or trend more, marketers must evolve call to action messages and connect with their consumers by using their new interests.


title: Call to action (marketing)

text: A call to action can be both direct and indirect. Pathos reasoning is a strong and indirect tactic marketers use for consumers to emotionally connect with their message. While the consumer may not be directly engaging with the company through a purchase, a positive emotional connection through a pathos call to action leverages the business in the consumer's mind and may lead to future purchases or brand loyalty. It is a common misconception that purchase is the most important result from a call to action, emotional engagement for brand loyalty can be equally essential.


title: The Exorcist III

text: The Exorcist III is a 1990 American psychological horror film written and directed by William Peter Blatty. It is the third installment in the "Exorcist" series, an adaptation of Blatty's "Exorcist" novel "Legion" (1983), and the final installment in Blatty's "Faith Trilogy". It stars George C. Scott, Brad Dourif, Ed Flanders, Jason Miller, Scott Wilson and Nicol Williamson.


title: The Exorcist III

text: "The Exorcist III" is set fifteen years after the original film, ignoring the events of "". Though the original movie initially occurred in 1973, the year of its release, the year that Karras died in this movie is listed as 1975 on his headstone, placing the events of the original movie in 1975. It follows a character from the first film, Lieutenant William F. Kinderman, who investigates a series of demonic murders in Georgetown that have the hallmarks of the Gemini, a deceased serial killer. Blatty based aspects of the Gemini Killer on the real-life Zodiac Killer, one of several serial killers who enjoyed the original "Exorcist."


title: The Exorcist III

text: Blatty, who wrote the original "Exorcist" novel (1971) and the screenplay for its 1973 film adaptation, conceived "The Exorcist III" with "Exorcist" director William Friedkin attached to direct. When Friedkin left the project, Blatty adapted the script into a bestselling novel, "Legion" (1983); Morgan Creek Productions bought the film rights, with Blatty as director. To Blatty's frustration, Morgan Creek demanded extensive last-minute changes, including the addition of an exorcism sequence for the climax. Though some of the original footage appears permanently lost, Scream Factory released a "director's cut" closer to Blatty's vision in 2016, with footage assembled from various sources.


title: The Exorcist III

text: Following the critical and commercial failure of "Exorcist II: The Heretic", "The Exorcist III" received mixed reviews and made modest returns at the box office.


title: The Exorcist III

text: In 1990, fifteen years after Regan MacNeil's exorcism in 1975, Fr. Dyer (Ed Flanders) and Lieutenant William F. Kinderman (George C. Scott) reminisce about Fr. Damien Karras. The following night, an incident at a church occurs indicating the presence of an evil supernatural entity, which causes a crucifix to open its eyes. The next scene then follows with the perspective of a man walking on the streets speaking of a dream of "falling down a long flight of steps", suggesting that someone is committing murders linked to Karras' death.