title: Zeolite

text: Non-clumping cat litter is often made of zeolite (or diatomite), one form of which, invented at MIT, can sequester the greenhouse gas methane from the atmosphere.


title: Zeolite

text: QuikClot brand hemostatic agent, which is used to stop severe bleeding, contains a calcium-loaded form of zeolite found in kaolin clay.


title: Zeolite

text: In agriculture, clinoptilolite (a naturally occurring zeolite) is used as a soil treatment. It provides a source of slowly released potassium. If previously loaded with ammonium, the zeolite can serve a similar function in the slow release of nitrogen.


title: Zeolite

text: Zeolites can also act as water moderators, in which they will absorb up to 55% of their weight in water and slowly release it under the plant's demand. This property can prevent root rot and moderate drought cycles.


title: Zeolite

text: Pet stores market zeolites for use as filter additives in aquaria, where they can be used to adsorb ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds. They must be used with some care, especially with delicate tropical corals that are sensitive to water chemistry and temperature. Due to the high affinity of some zeolites for calcium, they may be less effective in hard water and may deplete calcium. Zeolite filtration is also used in some marine aquaria to keep nutrient concentrations low for the benefit of corals adapted to nutrient-depleted waters.


title: Zeolite

text: Where and how the zeolite was formed is an important consideration for aquarium applications. Most Northern hemisphere, natural zeolites were formed when molten lava came into contact with sea water, thereby "loading" the zeolite with Na (sodium) sacrificial ions. The mechanism is well known to chemists as ion exchange. These sodium ions can be replaced by other ions in solution, thus the take-up of nitrogen in ammonia, with the release of the sodium. A deposit near Bear River in southern Idaho is a fresh water variety (Na < 0.05%). Southern hemisphere zeolites are typically formed in freshwater and have a high calcium content.


title: Zeolite

text: Computer calculations have predicted that millions of hypothetical zeolite structures are possible. However, only 232 of these structures have been discovered and synthesized so far, so many zeolite scientists question why only this small fraction of possibilities are observed. This problem is often referred to as "the bottleneck problem". Currently, several theories attempt to explain the reasoning behind this question.


The 2022 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 8, 2022, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Alabama. Incumbent Senator Richard Shelby was first elected in 1986 and re-elected in 1992 as a Democrat before switching to the Republican Party in 1994. In his most recent election in 2016, he was re-elected with 64% of the vote over Democrat Ron Crumpton. In February 2021, Shelby announced that he would not seek re-election to a seventh term, which resulted in the Senate seat being open for the first time since 1996 and the first in this seat since 1968.


title: 2022 United States Senate election in Alabama

text: Primary elections in Alabama were held on May 24, with Will Boyd securing the Democratic nomination. However, as none of the Republican candidates received at least 50% of the vote, a runoff election occurred on June 21 between the top two candidates of the first round: attorney Katie Britt and U.S. representative Mo Brooks. Britt won the runoff against Brooks and subsequently became the Republican nominee.


text: Britt's victory in the Republican Party primary was seen as tantamount to election in Alabama, which is a heavily Republican state. Britt won the general election and became the first elected female U.S. senator in the state's history.


text: Early polling showed U.S. Representative Mo Brooks as the frontrunner in the race, and he received the endorsement of former President Donald Trump. However, in November, the race started becoming increasingly closer with former chief of staff to incumbent Senator Richard Shelby, Katie Britt, running neck and neck with Brooks. In March 2022, businessman and former pilot Michael Durant took the lead in the race, with Brooks only just beginning to spend money on television advertisements. On March 23, 2022, with Brooks polling in third place, Trump revoked his endorsement, and promised to endorse a new candidate. In his official statement, Trump slammed Brooks for wanting to move past the 2020 United States presidential election, and claimed he went "woke" on it. Some have speculated that Trump's endorsement was withdrawn because he did not want to be associated with a losing campaign. Brooks claimed that Trump had told him to reinstate him as President and that Trump had been manipulated by Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell. Brooks has attacked Britt as allegedly being weak on illegal immigration and supporting higher taxes, while Brooks' critics frequently point to his long career in politics, having been in office for 40 years. In May, a planned debate between the three candidates was canceled after Durant declined to attend. A runoff election took place on June 21 as none of the candidates managed 50% of the vote needed to win the nomination outright, with Britt becoming the Republican nominee.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz ("Love Doesn't Understand Words") is a Turkish romantic comedy television series broadcast on Show TV. The series premiered on June 15, 2016. It stars Burak Deniz as Murat Sarsılmaz and Hande Erçel as Hayat Uzun. The story is set in Istanbul and follows a workplace romance at a multinational fashion company, Sarte. The series has aired in over 30 countries worldwide and has reached millions of views on YouTube.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Hayat Uzun, a native of Giresun village and daughter of a fisherman is under pressure to secure employment in Istanbul or she will have to return to her family in the countryside and would be forced into an arranged marriage by her strict conservative father. She currently lives with her best friends Ipek and Asli, with her mother, Emine, visiting them. A case of mistaken identity gets her a job at multinational textile company Sarte, as personal assistant to the assistant of Murat Sarsılmaz, Sarte's head. Originally, the job was reserved for Suna Pektas a family friend of Sarsilmaz's.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Murat is drawn towards Hayat. This provokes jealousy from Murat's ex-girlfriend, Didem, the lead model for the company. Didem causes misunderstandings that make Murat push Hayat away, but he then pursues her and apologizes, eventually firing Didem for her plotting. Murat's personal chauffeur and best friend, Kerem falls for Ipek, and she later returns his advances. Murat brings Hayat to his home to recover from a panic attack caused by Didem, and they bond over the weekend, but Didem then arrives claiming to be pregnant. Murat is distraught but accepts his responsibility to marry Didem for the baby's sake. Both the families meet and decide their wedding. Murat clarifies to them that the marriage is just a formality to legitimize the child and he won't live with Didem. Hayat learns from Asli, who is a nurse, that Didem faked her pregnancy tests. Murat's stepmother Derya, also learns the truth and helps Didem to fake a miscarriage before her truth is discovered, which releases Murat from his presumed responsibility. Murat's brother, Doruk meets Asli, and they become friends which later turns into love.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Meanwhile, Hayat's landlord Fadik's nephew Ibhrahim enters the plot. Hayat with the help of her friends Ipek and Asli decides to make Murat suffer a bit because he continues to maintain distance from her. She pretends to be in a romantic relationship with Ibrahim which sparks Murat's jealousy. Later on due to a series of events Murat learns the truth.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: On Hayat's (actually Suna's) birthday, Murat welcomes Hayat in his life in the same place where he presumably lost his mother, Leyla Sarsılmaz. Both begin a very happy relationship. But Hayat is in constant despair due to her false identity.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Meanwhile, Didem brainwashes Ibrahim into believing that Murat is cheating on Hayat. Murat proposes marriage to Hayat but is still unaware of her true identity. Hayat feels sad but is unable to disclose this to him fearing she might lose him. Kerem learns Hayat's truth and breaks up with Ipek because she knew all along about Hayat/Suna. Murat's grandmother stops Kerem from telling the truth to Murat to save his happiness. Ibrahim confesses his feelings to Hayat and tells her about Murat's infidelity which causes misunderstandings between them. Murat takes her to Didem to clarify her doubts and they reconcile.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Murat learns of Didem's fake pregnancy and throws her out of his company for lying. Hayat is frightened of her own lies and decides to tell the truth. However, Derya discloses the truth to Murat before Hayat can and he's heartbroken. Hayat loses her job and her grandfather, Hasmet, who has arrived in Istanbul, decides that she must return home.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Afraid of losing Hayat, Murat goes to stop her and asks for her hand from Mr. Hasmet. Later, when her grandfather does not agree for their union due to their families' past history, he elopes with Hayat.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: On the day of the wedding Murat discovers a letter written for his grandma from his mother Leyla which reveals that she is alive and had left him for her career and the truth was kept from him. He confronts his grandma and tells her he'll never forgive them and Hayat. Both get married in front of their friends. However, Murat, unable to forgive Hayat, is cold towards her.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Murat becomes jealous when Emre, a contractor to Sarte, flirts with Hayat and the company suffers. Murat and Hayat fall more in love and friction in their relationship increases at the same time. Derya disapproves of Doruk's relationship with Asli. She is also always worried that Doruk will not get his rightful share in Sarte. However, Doruk does not let her influence him against his brother.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Murat's mom returns with nurse Hazal in a series of events. Hayat realizes that their relationship is not working and decides to get divorced after Murat misbehaves with her. When his mother is hospitalized from an accident, Murat contemplates Hayat's desire to separate and realizes that he has to fight for her. Kerem and Ipek reunite. Murat tries to mend his relationship with Hayat, but she spurns his efforts being very hurt. Emre sends an unusual message to Hayat confessing his love Murat is angry on Hayat and he leaves her saying the marriage is over. But then Murat returns to save Hayat from a fire, saying that he cannot live without her. Emre and Derya together plot to separate Hayat and Murat in order to destroy Murat.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Hayat and Murat get married again in front of her brother according to all rituals and go on their honeymoon. Nejat sells his shares of Sarte to Emre. Emre interrupts the honeymoon when he reveals to Hayat that Murat is not a Sarsilmaz.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Later Hazal kills Murat's mom in a revengeful act. Murat is angry with Hayat on finding a gift box in their room from Emre which Derya had kept there. He believes Hayat is lying to him again due to her suspicious behavior during the honeymoon as well. Emre, on the other hand black-mails Hayat to tell the truth to Murat or start working with Emre. Hayat is so distraught that she tries to kill herself in Emre's office. This shakes Emre who changes his mind. He decides to return his shares and tells Derya to end all scheming and plotting. Then he calls Hayat for a last meeting to return the shares which ends up in their accident with Murat's car because Derya had goons tamper with Emre's brakes to kill him. Emre has some serious injuries in the accident and goes into a coma. Seeing this Derya gets a chance and explains everything to Murat without proving herself guilty.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Doruk's ex-girlfriend, Giçik returns and wants to get back with him. Asli witnesses Giçik kissing Doruk and thinks Doruk cheated on her so she end things with him. He tries to stop her but in vain. To get revenge, she flirts with Hayat's brother, Cemil and pretends to be in a relationship with him which causes Doruk to become jealous. This is also hers and Cemil's plan to make Tuval jealous as Cemil is in love with her.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Murat is angry with Hayat that she is hiding something, so Hayat decides to tell the truth to Murat. Murat is devastated on this news but then Hayat does another DNA test which reveals that Murat is the heir of the Sarsılmaz family and Doruk is not. But Murat doesn't tell this to Doruk for peace in their family. Murat gives all his shares to Doruk and convinces the staff at Sarte to accept him as their boss.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Murat plans on starting a new company and Hayat finds out that she is pregnant and the whole family is elated. Doruk's mother, Derya, argues with the house servant and Hayat gets in the middle of it, in hopes to end the brawl, but ends up falling down the stairs whilst pregnant. She later learns that the baby is unharmed. Derya, unaware of the baby's condition, packs her belongings and tries to take Doruk with her as she is worried that she will get the blame for Hayat falling down the stairs. But Doruk stays and Derya leaves. Cemil & Asli's plan succeeds when Tuval starts developing feelings for Cemil. On Valentine's Day, Murat reveals to Hayat his plans about the company and to name it "Hyt" after her and they embrace.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: Five years later, Hayat and Murat have four-year-old twins and she is expecting again. Kerem and Ipek have a newborn and Doruk and Asli are back together. The series ends happily.


title: Aşk Laftan Anlamaz

text: In the Philippines, the airing was also known as simply Hayat, it was aired on ETC on the ETCerye block from February to June 2021. In the Pakistan, the airing was also known as Pyaar Lafzon Mein Kahan, it was aired on LTN Family.Aired as Thamath Adare Nathnam (තාමත් ආදරේ නැත්නම්) in Hiru TV in Sri Lanka. In Slovenia, it was shown in June 2022 under the name known to viewers Ljubezen ne rabi besed on POP TV.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Remy "Thirteen" Hadley, M.D., is a fictional character on the Fox medical drama "House", portrayed by Olivia Wilde. She is part of the new diagnostic team assembled by Dr. Gregory House after the disbanding of his previous team in the third-season finale. The character's nickname derives from the episode "The Right Stuff", when she is assigned the number during a competition for her position at the Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: The show depicts Thirteen as a secretive character who does not divulge personal information; her surname was not used on the show until the fourth season's penultimate episode "House's Head", nor her given name until the fifth-season episode "Emancipation". Instead, several of the character's traits are implied before they are depicted as true. In the season four episode "You Don't Want to Know", Thirteen tells House that her mother died from Huntington's disease; a test she performs several episodes later confirms she carries the gene. After hints were given regarding her character's sexuality, actress Olivia Wilde confirmed that her character is indeed bisexual. This is confirmed by Eric Foreman in the episode "Don't Ever Change".


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Thirteen was included in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters. The character was also listed in Wetpaint's "10 Hottest Female Doctors on TV" and in BuzzFeed's "16 Hottest Doctors On Television".


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Thirteen is reluctant to reveal information about herself and is extremely secretive. During House's new team member selection process in the fourth season, she simply lets her fellow applicants refer to her as "Thirteen" rather than her real name, and constantly deflects curious prodding from both House and Amber Volakis about her personal life and past. Amber admits to feeling threatened by how Thirteen's unusually secretive nature is fascinating to the prying House, who in season seven tells Thirteen she has the best "game face" he has ever seen. In the episode "Lockdown" Thirteen spends the episode engaged in a game of truth or dare with James Wilson, but at the end it is implied that everything she has said has been a lie.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Although his meddling with her personal affairs and insatiable curiosity frustrates Thirteen, House comes to respect her as a talented doctor and the two build a relationship of mutual trust and understanding of each other's personalities with occasional shared cynicism and/or sarcasm. Wilson later states that House is better with her on his team, saying "He needs someone who doesn't need him. You're the only one he's never really been able to suck into his crazy House vortex. Keeps him grounded, his ego in check."


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Both Thirteen and House are equally critical and understanding of each other's self-pity and fatalism in the face of miserable circumstances. Although she believes in the importance of hope, Thirteen says in "Changes" that she believes that people are intrinsically happy or miserable, and that this cannot be changed. House states that this is her defense mechanism, because if she can convince herself that she would have been miserable either way, she does not need to resent the fact that her life is full of misfortune rather than fortune. Thirteen retorts that House's life is similarly miserable and that "lotteries are stupid".


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Thirteen has a 50/50 chance of having inherited Huntington's disease from her mother, but she initially refuses to be tested for it as not knowing allows her to live with hope. In the fourth-season finale, Thirteen takes the test and is diagnosed as having the mutated Huntington gene. Shortly after this, she begins to display reckless behavior, having casual sex with random women, using drugs, partying late and showing up at the clinic hungover.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: In "Lucky Thirteen", Thirteen says that her Huntington's is more aggressive, greatly decreasing her life expectancy and hastening the onset of symptoms. Initially after being diagnosed, she exhibits sensation seeking: staying out all night, using recreational drugs and having repeated one-night stands with women. She later ceases to behave self-destructively after a near-death experience in the episode "Last Resort", wherein she realizes her conviction to live, agreeing to participate in a Huntington's disease drug trial and becoming more active in her attempts to prolong her life.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Her behavior brings her colleagues to consider her someone who avoids or ignores her own personal problems and pretends that nothing is wrong. She is also shown to hide deep-seated fear; in the episode "Mirror Mirror", a patient who mimics the personality of whomever he is talking to tells her that he is scared – when she assures him that it will be okay, he fearfully tells her that it won't be.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: When Thirteen briefly returned to consult on a case, House subsequently fired her permanently so that she could focus on being happy with her girlfriend in whatever time she had left rather than worry about work.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: In the episode "Don't Ever Change", Thirteen's contempt at the idea of being categorized or oversimplified leads to both House and Foreman to assume that she is bisexual, although she is surprised and does not respond to either of their comments. Her sexuality, often the butt of House's jokes and sexual innuendos, remains unclear until the episode "Lucky Thirteen". She becomes more open and blatant about her sexuality as the series progresses and her relationship with her colleagues grows, going as far to propose the idea that she might drunkenly make out with a stripper in order to gain an invite to Chase's bachelor party.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: In her game of truth or dare with Wilson, she initially states that her father is supportive of her sexuality, although she later corrects this, saying he is in fact unaware and she never came out to him. She also tells Wilson that she has never been in a threesome. Wilson seems astonished, given Thirteen's promiscuity, and former thrill-seeking behavior. She later states that she may have participated in a foursome, thereby allowing her to truthfully answer "no", to the question about a threesome. However, at the end of the game, it is implied that nothing she had told him has been truthful, leaving her status with her father a mystery.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: In "Lockdown", Thirteen says she went to Newton North High School. In "Epic Fail", Thirteen reveals she attended Sarah Lawrence College. The episode "Let Them Eat Cake" shows that as a child she resented her mother who was dying from Huntington's and she tells Chase that she knew her father was having an affair; other than this, very little is shown about her past. She appears to be very street-smart; she can easily identify a drug dealer and is also able to differentiate between high-purity and low-purity cocaine by the strength of the numbing effect on her gums, as well as identify typical street-level drug-dealer tactics employed to ensure repeat customers.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: At the end of the fellowship competition, Lisa Cuddy tells House that, since he already has Eric Foreman on his team, he may only hire two additional people, so House fires Thirteen and Amber, claiming fellow applicants Chris Taub and Lawrence Kutner outperformed her, and that if he could keep Thirteen, he would. Cuddy overrules House's decision, forcing him to accept a woman, realizing only a minute later that this had been House's plan from the start.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Several episodes later, Foreman and Thirteen embark on a relationship, which affects Foreman's professional judgment to the extent that he fixes the drug trial, which causes serious side effects in Thirteen. Foreman almost loses his medical license, resulting in House ordering the couple to either break up or quit. The couple fake a split and continue their relationship in secret, but come public after House discovers they are still seeing each other. Initial relationship strains develop during the episode "Simple Explanation (5.20)" when Foreman tells Thirteen he needs time to himself to grieve and process Kutner's suicide. The conflict is resolved during the funeral when Foreman reaches out for Thirteen's hand, and Thirteen, surprised by the gesture, accepts.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: When Foreman takes House's position in the sixth season, Thirteen's relationship with Foreman becomes strained due to their difficulties balancing their romantic relationship and their new employer-employee status at work. Foreman fires Thirteen in "Epic Fail" in an attempt to save their relationship, which fails. Thirteen initially breaks up with Foreman, but later decides to try to work things out by agreeing to a dinner with him; when, at dinner, she asks if he would have ever considered stepping down from head of the diagnostics department rather than sacrifice either her career or their relationship and Foreman replies no, she leaves him for good.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: In the sixth-season episode "Instant Karma", Thirteen attempts to book a one-way flight to Bangkok, Thailand, citing a need for a vacation. However, the tickets are mysteriously cancelled, and Thirteen confronts House, Cuddy and Wilson to find out who did it. Wilson confesses to hacking Thirteen's e-mail account, but it is later shown that it was really House. House is evasive about whether he did it for his own benefit, Foreman's or Thirteen's, but Wilson surmises that is it simply because he likes having her around and he needs her. Thirteen is seen eventually boarding a plane. In the episode "Teamwork", Thirteen has returned from Thailand and House manages to convince her to return to his team along with Chase, Taub, and Foreman.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: During the season-six finale, "Help Me", Thirteen shows up late at a differential, obviously hiding something. She leaves a letter on House's desk asking for leave, citing personal reasons; when Taub asks her if everything is okay, she replies "obviously not". In the season-seven premiere "Now What", Foreman reads her letter and goes through her locker, finding flight tickets as well as information on an experimental treatment for Huntington's in Rome. With her teammates believing she will be leaving for Rome the following day, Thirteen affirms her friendship with Foreman and Taub tells her he approves of her seeking any chance of getting better. Chase offers her a sexual proposition (in the same way he once did Cameron), but she turns him down and surprises him with a long embrace. The team organize to meet up and have cake to send her off, but Thirteen disappears without saying goodbye. Foreman then discovers that the clues about Rome were purposely planted by Thirteen as a red herring. The team later find that all her phone lines have been disconnected and her apartment has been vacated.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Following this, Thirteen remains missing for a year without anyone knowing of her whereabouts. Her vacancy in the team is eventually filled by Dr. Martha Masters.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Thirteen returns in the show's 150th episode, "The Dig", where House meets her upon release from a prison where she has been incarcerated for the last six months for over-prescribing drugs. She has House drive her to a seemingly random house where she rings the bell, then assaults the man who answers the door. The two then spend a few days on the road preparing for a spud-shooting contest while House tries to figure out the real reason Thirteen was in prison, eventually deducing that Thirteen helped kill her brother who was suffering from advanced stages of Huntington's. Thirteen eventually admits to House that she did what she had to when her brother's time had come, and that now she is alone and will have nobody there for her when her time comes. House later tells her that he is willing to euthanise her when she needs him to and rehires her onto his team.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: The rest of the team are excited to see Thirteen again and are curious about where she has been; to her chagrin, House tells the team that she has been in rehab for a substance abuse problem. She later tells Masters, "the real reason I was gone is not something I want to share." Upon her return to work, House notices a change in her personality, as she has become more cynical and fatalistic, appearing resigned to misery. House eventually concludes that if Thirteen can convince herself that she is naturally miserable as a person, then she does not have to hate the universe for making her miserable. Thirteen then turns around, pointing out that House's life is also miserable, and that "We are who we are. Lotteries are stupid."


title: Thirteen (House)

text: In "After Hours", a then-unknown woman arrives at Thirteen's apartment with a serious wound in her abdomen. She is revealed to be a cellmate of Thirteen's from prison and makes Thirteen promise that Thirteen will not take her to a hospital, as she will be arrested and taken back to prison. Thirteen phones Chase requesting help on false pretenses, bartering on their relationship to convince Chase to bring medical supplies without explanation. Chase convinces Thirteen to let him help, and Thirteen admits to him that she was in prison for killing her brother. After it becomes clear the woman will die without a hospital, Chase engages in a physical confrontation with Thirteen to get the patient to the hospital. He also deduces that her conviction to always keep promises is so that she can blame her brother's death on her promise to him, rather than blame herself. After the two drive the woman to the hospital, she awakes alive but in custody. Thirteen apologizes, but her friend lashes out, claiming she only used Thirteen because she needed someone to talk to in prison. Thirteen later confides in Chase that his theory is right, and that she is afraid she will be consumed by guilt.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: In "Charity Case", Thirteen is called in once more by House to help solve a case. Thirteen then decides to join the team once more. In the end, House saw that Thirteen was happy with her girlfriend and fired Thirteen once and for all so Thirteen can live out her last days being happy. She made her final appearance as one of the speakers at House's funeral in the series finale "Everybody Dies".


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Along with fellow actors Peter Jacobson (Taub), Kal Penn (Kutner), and Anne Dudek (Amber Volakis), Wilde did not know which character would be cut until the actors were given the scripts. Producers watched to see how the actors developed their characters and interacted. Wilde thought this technique improved the acting during the "Games" story arc. However, the story arc inspired a spirit of camaraderie between the actors instead of competition, due to the high-profile roles. While Thirteen's name was originally intended to be revealed during the story arc, the production team decided against doing so. Thirteen's actual name was replaced on all documents, including the call sheets, with the word "Thirteen" to further the in-joke in the show's narrative. Wilde describes her character as a "big bowl of secrets" in stark comparison to her own openness.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Thirteen's sexuality was initially written ambiguously: Foreman and House suggested she is bisexual. In response to the ambiguity, Wilde confirmed in July 2008 that her character is bisexual, the second time she has played a bisexual character (the first being on "The O.C." as Alex Kelly). Thirteen has been compared often with Allison Cameron, the previous female diagnostician. Wilde described Thirteen as "almost the opposite" of Cameron, who is "compassionate and emotional", and attributed the comparisons to the similarity in the tasks that House delegates to both characters, and that "with two girls on a show, people are always going to compare them. Thirteen resists handing her trust to people, and has proven herself to be a rather difficult person."


title: Thirteen (House)

text: The name "Thirteen" comes from the character's introduction: while searching for new team members House assigned all the applicants numbers rather than memorise all their names and persistently used it in reference to her. She did not correct him or offer her real name when prompted by fellow applicants or by House (simply telling House, "Thirteen is fine"), and the nickname stuck.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: Although the producers gave the character a full name, and told Wilde what it was, they chose to keep it a secret from the viewers as part of the ongoing relationship between the character and House. Before the character's name was revealed, none of the actors, apart from Wilde herself, knew it. In episode 15 of season four ("House's Head"), Cuddy refers to her as "Dr. Hadley". This is the first mention of her actual name. In episode 8 of season five ("Emancipation"), she reveals she is called Remy. In later season five episodes, the character is occasionally referred to as "Dr. Hadley" although she is still predominantly called "Thirteen" by her colleagues.


title: Thirteen (House)

text: In an interview with "The Star-Ledger", producer David Shore commented that he would not be using Thirteen's real name too often, because "she will always be Thirteen". In the Season 6 episode "The Down Low", a fake pay stub shows Thirteen's middle name to be "Beauregard", though it is uncertain if that is actually her middle name.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: FTR (often stylized as #FTR) is an American professional wrestling tag team consisting of Cash Wheeler and Dax Harwood. The team is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where they are currently double tag team champions in their first reign each with the AAA World Tag Team Championship from AEW's Mexico based partner promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), and the IWGP Tag Team Championship from another AEW partner promotion, New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). They are also former ROH World Tag Team Champions from AEW's sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). Before coming to AEW, they were known for their time in WWE as The Revival, under the ring names Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson, respectively.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: The team was created by Dusty Rhodes in 2014, then as The Mechanics, and later simply Dash and Dawson when they made their television debut on "WWE NXT". The team adopted the name The Revival in 2016, referencing reviving the classic tag-team wrestling style of the 1980s, which has led to the two being compared favorably to the Brain Busters (Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard) and The Midnight Express, particularly the Condrey/Eaton version, two of the top teams of all time. The team uses the phrase "No flips, just fists" to convey their more traditional, mat based in-ring style in contrast to the more high flying style of some contemporary teams.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: They are the first team to have won WWE's Raw Tag Team Championship (held twice), SmackDown Tag Team Championship (once), and NXT Tag Team Championship (twice), and are recognized by WWE as being the company's first-ever WWE Tag Team Triple Crown winners. All totaled between WWE, AEW, ROH, AAA, and NJPW, FTR are nine-time tag team champions. They are also the only people to have jointly won the WWE 24/7 Championship.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: After being granted their releases by WWE in April 2020, the duo took the name of FTR, alternately using the letters to mean "Forever The Revival" as WWE had ownership rights to the name "The Revival". The initialism is also a reference to "Fuck the Revival", an inside joke and catch-phrase coined by the Young Bucks and Cody Rhodes on the YouTube series "Being the Elite". They made their AEW debut on the May 27, 2020, episode of "Dynamite", winning the AEW World Tag Team Championship the following September at AEW's All Out pay-per-view. That year, "Pro Wrestling Illustrated" ranked them number one on their inaugural "PWI Tag Team 50" list.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: Wheeler and Harwood were longtime friends before being made into a team, and had wrestled together on the independent circuit. In 2012, Harwood was hired by WWE based in part on a match he previously had with Wheeler, and performed there under the name Scott Dawson, mostly in tag team matches on "NXT" and live shows. Wheeler had hoped to join WWE, with the two also hoping to form a tag team there. In 2014, Wheeler joined the WWE Performance Center, and on his very first day of promo training, performed a promo with Dawson; WWE producer Dusty Rhodes immediately became convinced that the two needed to become a team. According to a May 2020 interview of the duo, Rhodes was not only highly influential in both the creation and development of the team, but had "unwavering faith" in them even as some of the other coaches had doubts, and was their "biggest supporter and pushed for [them] harder than anybody" until his passing in 2015.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: Wheeler and Harwood, who were both from North Carolina, acknowledged that their southern accents contributed to the lack of faith some coaches had for them at the Performance Center (with WWE chairman Vince McMahon's dislike for southern accents being well-known backstage). They were notably told that they would not get to do many promos, although Rhodes, a fellow resident of North Carolina, insisted that they should.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: In 2014, after returning from injury, Dawson teamed up with a debuting Wilder, with the two performing extensively at live events under the ring name The Mechanics. The duo resurfaced and picked up their first televised win on the July 29, 2015 episode of "NXT", defeating Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady. At , The Mechanics were defeated in the semi-finals of the "Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic" by eventual winners Finn Bálor and Samoa Joe. In the following weeks, the team name was changed to "Dash and Dawson". On the October 28 episode of "NXT", Dash and Dawson attacked Amore and Cassady before their match, completely laying out Amore while decimating Cass' knee, leaving him unable to compete.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: Due to an earlier non-title victory over the NXT Tag Team Champions, The Vaudevillains, Dash and Dawson earned a title match on the November 11 episode of "NXT", and won the match to become the NXT Tag Team Champions for the first time. They made their first successful title defense two weeks later, defeating The Vaudevillians in a rematch. Afterwards, they successfully defended their titles against Amore and Cassady at . Beginning in February 2016, Dash and Dawson began performing under the team name The Revival.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: The Revival made their first appearance on WWE's main roster at Roadblock, successfully defending their championships against Amore and Cassady. On April 1 at , The Revival lost the NXT Tag Team Championship to American Alpha (Chad Gable and Jason Jordan), ending their reign at 142 days. On June 8 at , The Revival regained the titles from American Alpha, thus becoming the first team to win the NXT Tag Team Championship twice. On the July 6 episode of "NXT", The Revival defeated American Alpha in a two-out-of-three falls match to retain the titles. At , they retained their titles over Johnny Gargano and Tommaso Ciampa. In a rematch against Gargano and Ciampa (now called DIY) at , The Revival lost their tag team titles in a two-out-of-three falls match after scoring the first fall via pinfall, ending their second reign at 164 days. The match was later named "WWE Match of the Year" for 2016. At , The Revival lost to The Authors of Pain (Akam and Rezar) in a triple threat elimination match for the NXT Tag Team Championship that also featured DIY, in what would be their last match in NXT.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On the April 3 episode of "Raw", The Revival made their main roster debut, defeating The New Day. The following week on "Raw", they defeated The New Day once again. On April 14, Wilder subsequently suffered a fractured jaw during a live event, and was estimated to be out for eight weeks, putting the team on a temporary hiatus. On the July 10 episode of "Raw", The Revival attacked The Hardy Boyz (Matt and Jeff Hardy) after their match against Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson, and became embroiled in a three-way feud; however, shortly afterwards, Dawson suffered a ruptured bicep, putting him out of action for an estimated five months.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: The Revival returned again on the December 18 episode of "Raw", defeating Heath Slater and Rhyno. At Raw 25, The Revival lost to Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson, marking their first defeat on the main roster. On January 28, 2018 at the Royal Rumble pre-show, The Revival defeated Gallows and Anderson. On SummerSlam pre-show, The Revival lost to The B-Team (Bo Dallas and Curtis Axel) in an attempt to become the Raw Tag Team Champions. At Survivor Series, they were part of Team Raw, but lost to Team SmackDown in the 10-on-10 Survivor Series tag team elimination match. The Revival were the final team eliminated in the match.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: Following this they began a feud against Lucha House Party (Kalisto, Gran Metalik and Lince Dorado) and suffered various losses in handicap matches labeled "Lucha House Rules". On the December 17 episode of "Raw", The Revival defeated Lucha House Party, The B-Team and Authors of Pain (Akam and Rezar) in a fatal-4-way match, earning a shot at the Raw Tag Team Championship. Throughout the next two weeks, The Revival faced Bobby Roode and Chad Gable for the titles, but Dawson and Wilder were unsuccessful in winning the titles in controversial fashion each time. Shortly after, Dave Meltzer of The Wrestling Observer reported that the duo asked for their release from their WWE contracts. This information was reported following their bout against Lucha House Party on the January 14, 2019 episode of "Raw".


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On the February 11 episode of "Raw", The Revival finally defeated Roode and Gable for the titles, marking their first tag team championship win on the main roster. The following two weeks on "Raw", The Revival were booked to lose to two different teams from NXT. This string of losses included against DIY and the team of Ricochet and Aleister Black. The team successfully defended their titles against Black and Ricochet and Roode and Gable at Fastlane, when Dawson pinned Gable. At WrestleMania 35, The Revival lost their titles to Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder, ending their reign at 55 days. The following night on "Raw", The Revival fought Hawkins and Ryder in a rematch, but failed to regain the titles. At The Shield's Final Chapter, The Revival once again unsuccessfully fought Hawkins and Ryder for the tag team championship in a triple threat match also involving Aleister Black and Ricochet.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: After being drafted to "Raw" in the Superstar Shake-up, The Usos began a rivalry with Dawson and Wilder where The Usos would repeatedly embarrass The Revival on numerous occasions. On the May 20 episode of "Raw", The Revival defeated The Usos. At Super ShowDown, The Revival lost the rematch. On the following episode of "Raw", The Revival defeated Hawkins and Ryder, and The Usos in a triple threat tag team match to win the Raw Tag Team Championships for a second time. The Revival defeated The Usos at Extreme Rules to retain the tag titles. On July 29 episode of Raw, they lost the titles to Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson in a triple threat match that also involved the Usos, ending their second reign at 49 days.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On the August 12, 2019 post-Summerslam episode of "Raw", during a scheduled tag team match where The Revival were facing Lucha House Party (Lince Dorado and Gran Metalik, with Kalisto), the 24/7 champion R-Truth ran out from backstage, being chased by several wrestlers. The match was called off and The Revival performed a "Hart Attack" on Truth and simultaneously pinned him to become the first co-champions of the 24/7 Championship. However, in the same night, R-Truth pinned Dawson, with the help of Carmella, to regained the title.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: Following SummerSlam, The Revival began to appear on "SmackDown Live", aligning themselves with Randy Orton in a feud against The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods). On September 15 at Clash of Champions, The Revival defeated The New Day's Big E and Woods to capture the SmackDown Tag Team Championship, making them the first team to hold the Raw, SmackDown, and NXT Tag Team Championships, and thus the first-ever WWE Tag Team Triple Crown Champions. As part of the draft, The Revival was drafted to the SmackDown brand. As Randy Orton had become drafted to the Raw brand, this signified the end of The Revival's alliance with Orton. On the November 8 episode of "SmackDown", The Revival lost the SmackDown Tag Team titles back to The New Day's Big E and Kingston, ending their reign at 54 days. They received a rematch for the titles at , but was again defeated by The New Day. Later that same night, The Revival also aligned themselves with King Corbin, assisting him in defeating Roman Reigns, but that alliance ended quietly.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On the January 31, 2020 episode of "SmackDown", The Revival lost to John Morrison and The Miz in a fatal four-way tag team match also involving Heavy Machinery (Otis and Tucker) and Lucha House Party, in a match where the winner would earn a Smackdown Tag Team Championship match at Super ShowDown; this was The Revival's final televised match in WWE. On the February 7, 2020 episode of "SmackDown", they attacked Intercontinental Champion Braun Strowman alongside Sami Zayn and Shinsuke Nakamura, in their final appearances in WWE.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On April 10, The Revival were granted their releases from WWE, fifteen months after their request in January 2019. In an interview the following month, the duo explained that they had asked for their releases because "the tag team division doesn't get respect, it doesn't get the time that we think a lot of these teams deserve and we want to take chances on ourselves", and that they felt that otherwise they would have "no legacy aside from our NXT stuff". They also stated: "The tag team titles, they don't really mean anything", pointing out that Braun Strowman had "steam-rolled the entire tag team division" by himself before winning the Raw Tag Team Championship with 10-year old non-wrestler Nicholas Cone, a son of WWE referee John Cone, at WrestleMania 34. According to the duo, WWE management originally thought that The Revival was bluffing in order to receive a push, and that the push they received shortly after (they won the Raw Tag Team Championship the following month, with three more title wins later the same year) was a result of it, even after they repeatedly insisted that they did not want to win titles because they believed WWE's tag team championships were meaningless.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: During the two's last months in the company, Vince McMahon personally designed an entirely new gimmick for The Revival. However, the duo found the proposed characters "less than flattering", with Wilder stating that he laughed out loud when McMahon gave them pictures displaying their offered new looks. The designs, which have since leaked online, had the two wearing lipstick, bright colors and tassels and carrying glow sticks, with Wilder also wearing suspenders and a large "Shatter Machine" sign on a chain necklace. The duo stated that they had immediately told McMahon that these new characters were "bad", and that while they would portray them if WWE wanted, they would still leave the company once their contracts expired in June 2020. In the same May 2020 interview, Wheeler and Harwood stated their belief that this was the moment McMahon and WWE executives realized that the two actually intended to leave the company; this resulted in The Revival being permanently taken off-television until their release.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: Following their departure from WWE, the team released a video on their social media pages using the new catchphrase "Fear The Revolt" (FTR); this resulted in their new ring name being largely reported to be The Revolt. Furthermore, Wilder changed his ring name to Cash Wheeler while Dawson changed his to Dax Harwood (with both now using their real-life last names, while Wheeler was now using the first name he originally wanted in WWE).


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On May 10, 2020, the duo received a cease and desist letter over the usage of the name "The Revolt" by the attorney of Caleb Konley and Zane Riley, a duo who had been using the name on the independent circuit since 2015; the letter stated that "[Wheeler and Harwood's] conduct is not only unlawful, it is truly shameless that they would willfully steal a name from those that worked so hard to build it up". A letter sent by Wheeler and Harwood's attorney, Michael E. Dockins, the following day, announced that Wheeler and Harwood's team name was not The Revolt but "FTR", which "would mean different things depending on their storyline and creatives", and that they could keep using the "Fear The Revolt" catchphrase regardless. While Konley and Riley claim that Wheeler and Harwood, who knew them personally, knew about their previous use of the Revolt name, Dockins stated that his clients "were not aware of and, at worst, have no recollection of ever knowing of [Konley and Riley]'s claimed rights in a REVOLT-inclusive trademark."


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On the May 27, 2020 episode of "Dynamite", Harwood and Wheeler made their All Elite Wrestling debut as FTR, saving The Young Bucks from an attack by The Butcher and The Blade thus establishing themselves as babyfaces in the process. They made their in-ring debut on the June 10 episode of "Dynamite", where they defeated The Butcher and The Blade. During the following weeks, FTR had interactions with The Young Bucks and the AEW World Tag Team Champions Kenny Omega and Hangman Page, including a match at Fyter Fest where FTR and The Young Bucks were defeated by The Lucha Bros and The Butcher and The Blade in an eight-man tag team match. In July 2020, after appearing on AEW television for two months without signing contracts, Harwood and Wheeler signed multi-year contracts with AEW.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On the August 12 episode of "Dynamite", FTR hosted Tag Team Appreciation Night where they invited Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard and The Rock 'n' Roll Express to the show. However, after a scuffle between Tully Blanchard and Ricky Morton, FTR attacked Rock 'n' Roll Express thus turning heel in the process. The following week, FTR recruited Blanchard as their manager as they defeated Private Party. On the August 27 episode of "Dynamite", FTR defeated The Natural Nightmares, Best Friends and The Young Bucks in a Gauntlet match to earn an AEW World Tag Team Championship match at All Out. At All Out, they defeated Omega and Page to capture the titles, making them the first team to have held tag team titles in both AEW and WWE.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On September 16, 2020, FTR defeated Jurassic Express members Luchasaurus and Jungle Boy in a non-title match following interference from Blanchard. On September 30, 2020, FTR successfully defended their tag team titles on "Dynamite" against SCU members Frankie Kazarian and Scorpio Sky. On October 7, 2020, FTR retained their titles after defeating Hybrid2. On October 14, 2020, they again successfully defended their tag team titles, this time against Best Friends. On November 7, 2020 at Full Gear, FTR lost their titles to The Young Bucks in a match which saw manager Tully Blanchard banned from ringside.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: On the March 10, 2021 episode of "Dynamite", FTR and Blanchard attacked The Inner Circle along with MJF, Wardlow, and Shawn Spears, with their new group being named The Pinnacle. On the October 16 special episode of "Dynamite", FTR - disguised as luchadors called Las Super Ranas - defeated The Lucha Brothers to win the AAA World Tag Team Championship for the first time. After The Pinnacle dissolved FTR turned face, after siding with MJF’s rival CM Punk.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: FTR made a surprise appearance at ROH Final Battle, attacking the newly-crowned ROH World Tag Team Champions The Briscoe Brothers and setting up a match between the two teams, which took place at Supercard of Honor XV. FTR won the match and became ROH World Tag Team Champions for the first time, and with their AAA Tag Team Titles, became double champions. On June 26, 2022, FTR added the IWGP Tag Team Championship from New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) when they won a Three-way Winner Takes All tag team match against IWGP Champions United Empire (Great-O-Khan & Jeff Cobb) and Roppongi Vice (Rocky Romero & Trent Beretta) at , making them triple champions (AAA, ROH, IWGP). At Death Before Dishonor, FTR defended their ROH Tag Team Championships against The Briscoes, in a two out of three falls match. They made another successful defense in October at Battle of the Belts IV, defeating Gates of Agony. They made another successful defense defeating Top Flight (Darius and Dante Martin) on the November 23rd edition of ‘’Rampage’’. On the December 7th edition of ‘’Dynamite’’, FTR faced The Acclamied for the AEW World Tag Team Championships, but lost. Three days later at Final Battle, FTR lost the ROH World Tag Team Championships to The Briscoes in a Dog Collar match, ending their reign at 253 days.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: After winning the IWGP Tag Team Championships at , FTR made their first appearance for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, at Music City Mayhem, where they teamed with Alex Zayne, in a losing effort to United Empire's, Aussie Open and T. J. Perkins. After the match, Aussie Open challenged FTR to a match for the IWGP Tag Team Championship's. FTR made their first IWGP Tag Team Championship defense on night one of Royal Quest II, defeating Aussie Open in the main event.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: FTR have been praised for their old-school style and knowledge of tag team wrestling. According to Harwood, the tag team approach to wrestling is having boundaries and rules and work with them, usually breaking them. Pro wrestling booker and manager Jim Cornette, known for his old-school approach, has praised the team on several occasions. The team uses the phrase "No flips, just fists" to convey their more traditional, mat based in-ring style in contrast to the more high flying style of some contemporary teams. The duo said that they were modeled after The Brain Busters and the Condrey/Eaton version of The Midnight Express.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: Dusty Rhodes gave Wheeler his WWE ring name, Dash Wilder; Wheeler wanted to call his character "Cash" instead of "Dash", but Rhodes preferred the latter because it reminded him of his son Cody's nickname, "Dashing", while Wilder was chosen due to its similarity to Wheeler. After the two left WWE, Dawson and Wilder changed their names to Dax Harwood and Cash Wheeler, now using their real last names while paying tribute to Demolition's Ax and Smash.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: The duo's finishing move, called "Shatter Machine" in WWE, was inspired by the "Codebreaker" used by Chris Jericho, whom the two saw as a major inspiration; although WWE staff had told them they didn't need it, the two asked for Jericho's approval to use the move, which he gave them. The duo confirmed after leaving WWE that they would change the move's name. As FTR, the duo renamed the move to the "Goodnight Express", an homage to The Midnight Express. They later renamed the move again to "Big Rig" after the late Brodie Lee. FTR also uses an assisted spike piledriver called the "Mind Breaker" as their double-team finishing move in AEW, modeled after the Brain Busters's own finisher.


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: In November 2020, Harwood and Wheeler revealed in an interview with Talk Sport journalist Alex McCarthy that FTR wanted to join AEW, despite being offered a huge amount of money to stay in the WWE, because they kept getting pulled from main roster events in the WWE. Harwood stated "We knew it was time for us to move on because money is great, and I am so fortunate and lucky to take care of my beautiful wife and perfect little six year old daughter because of professional wrestling, but that's what it's because of – professional wrestling." Wheeler stated "Once we got pulled from all of our dates on the main roster, it was down to NXT as the option and we talked to Hunter at length, there were offers on the table that were very tempting because we loved NXT and we loved our time there, but at the end of the day like Dax said, we knew that our time there was done."


title: FTR (professional wrestling)

text: The Revival made their video game debut as playable characters in "WWE 2K17", and have since appeared in "WWE 2K18", "WWE 2K19", and "WWE 2K20".


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Judgment is an action-adventure video game developed by Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio and published by Sega. A spin-off to the "Yakuza" series, it was released for the PlayStation 4 in December 2018 in Japan and June 2019, worldwide. A remastered version of the game, with the subtitle Remastered in Japan and Asia, was released for the PlayStation 5, Stadia, and Xbox Series X and Series S in April 2021. A port for Amazon Luna was made available on December 16, 2021. A Windows port was released on 14 September 2022 through Steam. "Judgment" follows lawyer-turned-detective Takayuki Yagami and his allies as they explore a case involving corpses whose eyes have been removed. The player controls Yagami in the fictional Tokyo district of Kamurocho, where he fights thugs and "yakuza" while carrying out missions involving chasing, stealth, and searching for clues.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: The game began its initial development in 2015 under the codename "Project Judge". The game originated from Sega's desire to create a new IP with Toshihiro Nagoshi serving as the writer. Nagoshi wanted to write a new type of story with a detective working on a case that contrasted with Nagoshi's previous work in "Yakuza". As a result, the developers designed the game to be accessible to detective-game newcomers. Singer and actor Takuya Kimura, who provided both facial features and Japanese voice acting, was cast to play Yagami. Due to popular demand, the game includes an English voice-over dub as well as subtitles in several additional languages. The Japanese rock band Alexandros produced two songs for the game.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: "Judgment" was withdrawn from the Japanese market in March 2019 following the arrest of Pierre Taki, one of the game's actors, for suspected cocaine use. While localizing the game for international markets, Taki's likeness was removed and his voice acting performance was replaced. "Judgment" received a generally positive response from critics. Many praised the game's plot and side content but criticized the simplicity of its investigation mechanics. "Judgment" was a commercial success, topping one million and earned recognition as one of the best video games released in 2019. The remaster was praised for improving the game's frame rate and visuals. A sequel, "Lost Judgment" released on September 24, 2021.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: "Judgment" is an action-adventure game with a third-person perspective. It follows private detective Takayuki Yagami as he investigates a serial murder case in Kamurocho, a fictional district of Tokyo, Japan, previously featured in the "Yakuza" franchise. When asked about similarities between "Judgment" and other "Yakuza" titles, series creator Toshihiro Nagoshi said that "the location and assets might be the same, but the gameplay and story here are drastically different". Yagami can buy items to restore his health in stores based on real-life counterparts, similar to in the "Yakuza" games. He can also suffer a major wound if an enemy weapon, like a sword, strikes him. This decreases Yagami's maximum health, which meals cannot restore. The player can meet a doctor who treats people in secret, who can either treat Yagami directly, or sell an item that heals his wounds.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: "Judgment" features a similar combat system to that of "Yakuza 0", where players can change between two different fighting styles: crane-style, which focuses on fighting groups of enemies, and tiger-style, which focuses on fighting individuals. Yagami also incorporates parkour elements, like wall-running and leapfrogging, in his fighting style. Similar to the previous games in the "Yakuza" series, Yagami can enter a Rage form, where he becomes stronger in battle, and he can team up with allies to perform powerful combination attacks. Accomplishing sidequests or achievements in the main narrative rewards the player with points that can be used to enhance Yagami's skills and teach him new techniques.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: The game also features an investigation mode, where the player must search a scene for clues and evidence of a crime. Players must infiltrate areas by lock picking and use disguises to gather information or find objects of interest. The game has sections where the player pursues a suspect. These take the form of tailing sequences, where players must follow a suspect while avoiding being seen, and chase sequences, where players must avoid oncoming obstacles while running to catch a fleeing suspect.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Yagami can take on several side cases in addition to the main storyline, similar to the "substories" in other "Yakuza" games. He can undertake them by looking at the noticeboard in his office, asking at the Genda Law Office or Bar Tender, or by walking the streets of Kamurocho. Certain meetings trigger a Friendship level that can evolve across the game through interacting with a character. Some of these meetings involve finishing sidequests, while other scenarios are inspired by dating sim games. Like other "Yakuza" titles, the player can find minigames and side activities scattered around Kamurocho, which include drone racing, a virtual reality board game, and fully playable versions of "Space Harrier", "Fantasy Zone", "Fighting Vipers", "Motor Raid", "Virtua Fighter 5: Final Showdown, a"nd "Puyo Puyo".


title: Judgment (video game)

text: In 2015, attorney Takayuki Yagami investigates the Advanced Drug Development Center (ADDC) for the death of patient Koichi Waku, successfully clearing accused worker Shinpei Okubo of the murder charge. However, Okubo is arrested shortly thereafter for allegedly murdering his girlfriend. Guilt-ridden, Yagami resigns from his law firm.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Three years later, Yagami has become a private detective in Tokyo's Kamurocho district and accepts investigation requests with his partner, ex-Tojo clan member Masaharu Kaito. A serial killer has recently been murdering "yakuza" members in Kamurocho and removing their eyes. Yagami accepts a murder case concerning Matsugane clan captain Kyohei Hamura, who is suspected of killing a Kyorei clan member using the same methods. Yagami investigates, and proves Hamura's innocence, though he suspects that Hamura is working with the killer, whom Yagami dubs the Mole. Yagami investigates a brothel where one of the victims was last seen and encounters Hamura, who orders him to stop investigating the Mole.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Yagami returns to his office to find that the Mole has killed Masamichi Shintani, his former colleague and teacher. Yagami finds a recent call on Shintani's phone for Dr. Yoji Shono of the ADDC. He questions ADDC director Ryusuke Kido about Shintani's phone call, to no avail. After further investigation, Yagami meets construction mogul Shigeru Kajihira at a Kyorei clan hideout. Kajihira reveals a failed plan to seize land around the ADDC for redevelopment which was foiled when researchers claimed to have discovered AD-9, a potential cure for Alzheimer's disease. Kajihira asks Yagami to investigate the death of former ADDC vice-director Toru Hashiki.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Yagami is brought to the public prosecutor's office for interrogation, and is informed that Kazuya Ayabe, a crooked cop who was Yagami's informant, has been arrested on suspicion of being the Mole; Yagami, however, is unconvinced. He and Kaito find Hamura hiding out in an underground illegal gambling den and question him about his connection to the Mole and other possible suspects. Yagami concludes that Dr. Shono may be organizing the murders before Hamura is rescued by Matsugane clan members. He theorizes that the Mole's killings are actually human experiments to test the effectiveness of AD-9, and Waku, Hashiki and Shintani's deaths were failed experiments. Yagami also theorizes that Okubo did not kill his girlfriend; she was killed by Dr. Shono to cover up the experiments.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Kaito is taken hostage by Hamura, forcing Yagami to storm a Matsugane hideout. Yagami finds Hamura and Kaito, defeating and capturing Hamura with the help of Mitsugu Matsugane. Yagami and Matsugane transport Hamura to a Kyorei clan hideout and interrogate him, learning that Hamura worked as a human trafficker for the ADDC and helped frame Ayabe for Shintani's murder. The Mole appears and shoots at Hamura, but Matsugane shields him and is killed. Hamura reveals that the Mole is Mitsuru Kuroiwa, a detective in the Metropolitan organized crime division, and gives Yagami definitive evidence that the ADDC participated in Shintani's murder.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: During Ayabe's trial, Japanese Vice-minister of Health Kaoru Ichinose covertly arranges a hit on Kuroiwa. Kuroiwa kills his assailants and storms the ADDC. Yagami finds Kuroiwa taking Shono hostage, intending to force him to finish developing AD-9. Yagami defeats Kuroiwa and the police surround them, killing Kuroiwa when he tries to kill Shono. Shono injects himself with a new version of AD-9 and dies from its side effects after his eyes turn blue. Dr. Kido confirms Shono's human experiments at Ayabe's trial, and the blue-eye sign was why Shono had their eyes removed. The court acquits Ayabe; Ichinose and chief prosecutor Kunihiko Morita are imprisoned for their involvement; Kajihira is placed under investigation; Okubo is freed after three years on death row; and Yagami and Kaito decide to resume being ordinary private detectives.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Ideas for "Judgment" were conceived after the release of "Yakuza 5." Producer Kazuki Hosokawa suggested that Sega produce a new IP instead of focusing solely on the "Yakuza" series. Senior Executive Manager Daisuke Sato originally believed that "Yakuza" would only last three games but agreed with Hosokawa about the need to create a new title. Sega hired new employees, who were asked about their preferences to get ideas for the new game. The development of "Judgment" began in 2015, and was first hinted at in August 2018 during a Sega live stream by the series' director Toshihiro Nagoshi, who called it "something completely different". Hosokawa and Nagoshi refrained from calling "Judgment" a spin-off from "Yakuza", despite its development by the same team, because of its different narrative. Nagoshi said that he enjoyed the finished product.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: The game uses the Dragon Engine to produce graphics similar to "Yakuza 6". The team enhanced the game engine to improve character design, changing the game's lighting to emphasize its theme of "legal suspense". The team decided to explore the fictional city of Kamurocho (from "Yakuza") using a different approach. Similar to "Yakuza", real-world shops such as Don Quijote were used to impart realism. A "friendship" system was developed to characterize Yagami's personality as he forms bonds with several non-playable characters, which integrates them into the setting. His traits are balanced in the main story and the sidequests for a balance between seriousness and comedy—his seriousness is explored in the main story, while comedy is featured in the sidequests.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Although Hosokawa wanted to provide players with as much content as "Yakuza 0", he said that the team refrained from using returning characters from the "Yakuza" series. Since Yagami is a lawyer, they wanted to give players the option of emulating Yagami's actions by choosing his thoughts. Some segments from the friendship system were made to emulate dating sims. According to Nagoshi, it was tricky to decide how expansive or difficult the detective work should be. The puzzle gameplay and central mystery were made to be challenging yet accessible to a casual player. Action segments were designed for more skilled players, making them carefully plan the abilities to give Yagami.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: According to Nagoshi, Cinema of Korea were Yagami's primary influences. Since the story of "Yakuza"'s protagonist Kazuma Kiryu ended with "", Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio's game developers wanted to create a distinctive character for "Judgment". At the direction of producer Kazuki Hosokawa, the team decided that the character should be a detective. To generate a major contrast between the Yagami and Kiryu, staff wanted to make Yagami a more relatable character based on the troubles that caused him to quit being a lawyer. The details of Yagami's past, as well as his new life as a detective, were elaborated on to attract players to him. Because of the popularity of detective stories, Yagami was written to obtain knowledge throughout the game, along with the player. Yagami's largest influence was the Paul Newman film "The Verdict", in which the main character suffers a similar crisis over his career as a lawyer. Nagoshi and Masayoshi Yokoyama, who had worked on "Yakuza 0", wrote the narrative to be darker than the studio's previous titles but balanced it with humor. Similar to the "Yakuza" series, "Judgment" primarily focuses on its story.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Early in "Judgment" production, the Sega staff considered using a movie star to develop Yagami and chose Takuya Kimura. Nagoshi remembers being surprised and thrilled when Kimura was selected because of the number of plot twists that he could be used in. Despite this, he was concerned that fans would consider the game to be lighthearted because of the stylish Kimura compared with the team's previous work. Several of the Yagami's elements were produced with Kimura's approval. Since detective dramas are uncommon in gaming, Hosokawa wanted Yagami to stand out, so creating the new character presented a challenge. For Yagami to properly succeed Kiryu, the developers wanted him to be "more grounded to fit the noir vibe". According to Nagoshi:"[W]hen you're writing a story and there's a really solid character that's been around for a long time, the character dictates what happens next ... In contrast to that, with Yagami, at the start of development we didn't really have anything attached to him at all. It was a challenge, but also an opportunity for a development team that has been working so long on the same series." Real detectives inspired the team's portrayal of Yagami's life and work. The plot's original focus on romance was eliminated because Nagoshi felt that it would affect the game's courtroom-thriller feel. Localization producer Scott Strichart observed that the portrayals of "yakuza" are faithful to the main series due to multiple characters being involved in the clans. Yagami was noted for standing out among the cast as he has multiple life choices in contrast to the other cast members, who are forced to be "yakuza".


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Multiple actors were chosen based on their experience. Akira Nakao plays attorney Ryuzo Genda, who looked after Yagami when he was a lawyer. Shosuke Tanihara was cast as detective Mitsuru Kuroiwa because of his strong visual appearance, making impressive scenes when he and Kimura appear together. Pierre Taki was cast as Kyohei Hamura because of his history of portraying famous criminals. While Yagami is linked with multiple female characters, none of them were created as a love interest to avoid using romance in the narrative. Other recurring actors include Kenichi Takitō as detective Kazuya Ayabe, Shinshū Fuji as former yakuza Masaharu Kaito, and Risa Shimizu as Mafuyu Fujii.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: The studio spent a considerable amount of time choosing the right band for the music. Nagoshi felt that using the Japanese band Alexandros would appeal to the audience, in the same way that Shōnan no Kaze fit "Yakuza 0", as he believed that both bands have a similar approach. Alexandros were excited to compose the two theme songs, which were intended to provide musical diversity and describe the drama in the game. Nagoshi gave Alexandros creative freedom, and there were no major issues. He showed the band a demo of the game, enabling them to write a song quickly. Two theme songs were created for the game: "Arpeggio" and "Your Song". The band created these themes for "Judgment" while they were in the United States, but sent their work to Japan in a video and received a positive response. "Arpeggio" was written on the rooftop of a Brooklyn studio: band member Yoohei took a liking to an arpeggio that another musician happened to be playing on his guitar, so the band wrote the song on acoustic guitars on the roof while on a break during their recording session. A three-CD soundtrack was released in Japan on April 15, 2019.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Unlike the "Yakuza" series, the studio decided to give "Judgment" an English dub, which was conceived following the release of "Yakuza 0". Since the games in the "Yakuza" series were almost always released with only Japanese audio, Sega thought it might not fit the tone to give "Yakuza 6" an English dub. So, Sega believed that "Judgment" would be a better choice as the studio's first English dub localization, as it could attract newcomers to the series. Sega announced that other languages would follow. The dub was released as a response to increased fan demand, hence there was a short timeframe before its release. The staff stated that the game's Western version would be identical to the Japanese version. Scott Strichart, the localization producer for the "Yakuza" series, ordered the Western release to have two subtitle tracks: one with Japanese audio and English subtitles matching the Japanese translation, and the other with subtitles matching the English dub. There were also localizations with French, German, Italian, and Spanish subtitles designed for the Japanese audio, regardless of the selected voice language. The remastered version has dual audio and nine subtitle languages—the previous five languages, as well as Japanese, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, and Korean. The developers believed they had managed to make the dubbed Yagami identical to the Japanese version in terms of characterization, despite having different words in the translation. Following the changes, the staff made revisions to the character's facial animations to fit the lip-syncing. In scripting, Strichart insisted that the English actors keep using Japanese honorifics to retain the Japanese cast's impact. A game demo became available in August 2019 for English-speaking regions.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: During the game, there is a scene in which players control Saori Shirosaki to infiltrate a hostess club; she receives catcalls from bystanders on the way to the club. Strichart said that "sensitive scenes are tricky to get right" and that the team had to be careful when dubbing this. He added that to bring realism into the narrative, the non-playable characters' responses to Shirosaki would come across as "uncomfortable", as they were denigrating her during this scene. Since the "Yakuza" series was primarily popular among men, Strichart wanted English-language players to feel "gross" from these bystanders' catcalls and empathize with Shirosaki and women in general for enduring this treatment regularly.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Multiple auditions were held to cast the English-language voice actors, aiming to make the English dub as natural as possible. Greg Chun was pleasantly surprised when he was selected to voice Yagami in "Judgment" since he was familiar with the franchise. Chun said, "I'm super psyched to be a part of this game", adding that he liked what he had seen of the character. He called his work in the game satisfying: "It really did require me to let go of the tricks that you use to push a performance through, and I really did need to fall back on authenticity and genuine groundedness." Although he found the faithfulness to the original Japanese audio challenging, Chun was pleased with his character's balance of seriousness and comedy; however, the game's screaming segments were difficult. Noting that fans tended to choose the original Japanese audio, Chun suggested that they try the English dub to test his voice. He was surprised by Yagami's deep character arc, which involved Yagami's present life as well as dealing with his past life as a lawyer, and said that he would never forget the role. Matthew Mercer enjoyed voicing Kuroiwa but found the character's different tones to be challenging. Crispin Freeman enjoyed his work because he considered Kaito to be likable. Other actors include Brian McNamara as Genda, Matthew Yang King as Ayabe, and Cherami Leigh as Fujii.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: "Judgment" was announced under the Japanese title of "Judge Eyes" on September 10, 2018, at the PlayStation Lineup Tour shortly before Tokyo Game Show 2018. The announcement was made to market the game for the Japanese holidays; its production had been completed and the team was busy debugging it. Sega scheduled it to be on Japanese store shelves in December 2018, with a planned Western release in 2019. The game's first chapter was first released as a demo on November 29, 2018, on the Japanese PlayStation Network.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Sega released the game in Japan on December 13, 2018. They halted Japanese sales of the game on March 13, 2019, after Pierre Taki, a Japanese actor whose voice and likeness had been used for the character of Kyohei Hamura, was arrested for cocaine possession and use by officers of the Narcotics Control Department (NCD) of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Sega did not comment on whether Taki's arrest would affect "Judgment" Western release. According to the NCD, Taki had been under investigation since 2018 following tips from unnamed sources and was asked to submit a urine sample.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: After Taki's arrest, Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio producer Daisuke Sato tweeted that he would not allow Taki's arrest to interrupt the game's success or allow the actor's contribution to the game to be deleted. CyberConnect2 president Hiroshi Matsuyama criticized companies that stopped marketing their products due to the arrest of a person connected to their work. Sega later said that Taki's voice and likeness would be replaced, but the game's planned release date in the West on June 25, 2019, would remain unchanged. The character's new design was not based on any actor. Sega issued a new release in Japan on July 18, 2019, with Miō Tanaka replacing Taki in the role of Hamura.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: A remastered version of the game was released for the PlayStation 5, Stadia, and Xbox Series X/S on April 23, 2021. The remaster features faster loading times, runs at 60 FPS, as well as all of the downloadable content from the original PlayStation 4 release. The game was also released for Amazon Luna on December 16, 2021. It was reported in July 2021 that a PC release of "Judgment" and its sequel would likely not happen due to Sega and Johnny & Associates (the talent agency which represents Kimura) being unable to come to an agreement concerning the use of Kimura's likeness in a PC release of the existing "Judgment" games or any future titles. However, both "Judgment" games were released on Steam on September 14, 2022, implying that this issue had been resolved.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: "Judgment" received "generally favourable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Due to Kimura's popularity, Japanese fans have often nicknamed the game with "Kimutaku" being short for Takuya Kimura, while "Gotoku" ("Like a") was a reference to the original Japanese title of the "Yakuza" franchise.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Although its gameplay was praised, critics had mixed opinions regarding its case-solving elements. "Hobby Consolas" praised the game for relying on multiple types of gameplay, giving it more variety. According to a "VideoGamer.com" reviewer, players attracted to the "Yakuza" series would enjoy "Judgment" because of its similarities in action. He noted that the fighting system was superior to "Yakuza 6: The Song of Life" and would attract fans, while the varied side missions gave players far more playing time. Although a "Game Informer" reviewer liked the action, they found the tailing missions frustrating and criticized the investigation areas for penalizing players who failed them. "USgamer" said that the tailing missions might drag, but the new chasing missions were more entertaining. "Destructoid" agreed with the "USgamer" review and said that the action scenes were not difficult. Tristan Ogilvie of "IGN" praised the game's combat system and diversified side content but criticized its shallow investigation mechanics, saying, "There's surprisingly little room given to make your own decisions." Edmond Tran of "GameSpot" described the game's tailing and chasing sections as "dull, slow and arduous", and called the investigation sections "incredibly straightforward". Nevertheless, he enjoyed the melee combat for the options it gives to the player. "GamesRadar+" writer Bradley Russell criticized the core gameplay as "lacking in its execution" and over-relying on combat rather than investigation. On the other hand, "Hardcore Gamer" enjoyed the balance between the different styles of gameplay. RPGamer.com also praised the action elements but felt that the developers needed to fix the detective sections.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: The plot was generally well-received. Because it introduced a new cast instead of reusing characters, "Game Informer" found the story "refreshing" and described Yagami's investigations as intriguing. "USgamer" also praised the story for standing on its own and noted that despite Yagami's similarities to Kazuma Kiryu, Yagami had his own way of life. A "Destructoid" reviewer said that despite the game's similarity to "Yakuza"—namely its balance of seriousness and comedy—"Judgment" had a unique narrative, which they felt was on a par with Hollywood films. Russell praised the story, calling it "potentially one of the best in the medium". "VideoGamer.com" liked the game for using deep moral themes, which would entertain players for many hours. "GameSpot" praised the storyline, particularly Yagami and Kaito, calling them "genuinely likable characters". A "HobbyConsolas" reviewer noted that Sega added subtitles for languages other than English for the first time, making "Judgment" far more accessible, but Yagami was a less appealing character than Kiryu. "Hardcore Gamer" regarded the storyline as "the closest one can get to an entry point for those anxious about such an overbearing legacy that the "Yakuza" series presents" and appreciated that the Dragon Engine provided for facial expressions that were important for solving cases.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: "VideoGamer.com"s reviewer liked the original Japanese cast's striking performances, despite the reviewer's initial preference for the English dub. The English voice actors' performances were praised; Ogilvie called the game's English voice acting "excellent" but noticed inconsistent English lip-syncing. "EGM Now" said Chun gave a more striking performance than Kimura, whom the writer did not find suitable for the character. "RPGamer" praised Sega's decision to add two languages to the audio, praising both Japanese and English versions equally.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Several "Giant Bomb" reviewers listed "Judgment" as one of their favorite games of 2019, with Chris Tilton listing it at the top. "USgamer" included it in its list of the twenty best games of 2019. "Push Square" listed "Judgment" as the third-best "Yakuza" game based on its accessibility in terms of the narrative and complexity of the gameplay.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: The remastered version of the game also received "generally favorable" reviews according to Metacritic. Both David Martínez from "HobbyConsolas" and Stan Yeung from "Gaming Age" found that the frame rate was stable even with a large enemy count, while the visuals remained polished. "GameSpew" felt the loading times had improved noticeably, making the pacing superior. "Windows Central" stated that thanks to the superior frame rate, Yagami moves faster than previous "Yakuza" characters. The reviewer added that the graphics update might bother fans due to the new lighting, which changes colors to make the characters look more realistic. "RPGFan" praised the new style of the remaster's visuals, stating that the changes to the lighting "have given Kamurocho a bluer, cooler appearance, better fitting the noir feel of the game."


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Imported sales of "Judgment" rose in Japan when the game was withdrawn from Japanese store shelves; about 97 percent of its stock was sold and it reached number three on Amazon's sales rankings. Nagoshi stated that although the sudden interest in the game because of the controversy was disappointing, he was "glad in any case". Kazuki Hosokawa considered a Steam port to be possible in April 2019 but was unsure about this, as the team was still working on "Yakuza" ports. In 2019, Nagoshi said that while Sega claimed there was already work put into a sequel, it was a rumor. According to Media Create, the game had a strong opening in its first week in Japan with sales of 148,246 physical copies. It went on to sell 317,000 physical copies by 2020. "Judgment" was the most successful release for a new IP for the eighth generation of video game consoles in the country, although this record was later broken by "Death Stranding". Producer Daisuke Sato said that Western sales of "Judgment" had exceeded expectations. Upon its release week, the PlayStation 5 version of the game sold 5,539 physical copies in Japan, while the original version sold 3,192 physical copies. It went to reach 14,479 physical copies for the PlayStation 5 while the original had 24,271. In June 2021, Sega announced that total sales topped one million units.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Although producer Kazuki Hosokawa said in April 2019 that the studio planned to port the game to the PC for a greater audience appeal, this was unconfirmed.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: Rumors of a sequel were reported by publications in March 2021, hinting at the return of both Yagami and Kaito. That April, the official website announced a major tease related to "Judgment" on May 7, titled "Judgment Day". The official Twitter account of the game also revealed new footage of Yagami, hinting toward a sequel. On May 6, 2021, a day before Judgment Day, the sequel "Lost Judgment" was leaked by PlayStation Network in Japan. It released worldwide on September 24, 2021.


title: Judgment (video game)

text: A television live-action series titled "Unjudged" is reported to be follow "Lost Judgment" with Kimura reprising the role of Yagami.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Joseph Cheshire Cotten Jr. (May 15, 1905 – February 6, 1994) was an American film, stage, radio and television actor. Cotten achieved prominence on Broadway, starring in the original stage productions of "The Philadelphia Story" and "Sabrina Fair". He then gained worldwide fame in three Orson Welles films: "Citizen Kane" (1941), "The Magnificent Ambersons" (1942), and "Journey into Fear" (1943), for which Cotten was also credited with the screenplay.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten went on to become one of the leading Hollywood actors of the 1940s, appearing in films such as "Shadow of a Doubt" (1943), "Gaslight" (1944), "Love Letters" (1945), "Duel in the Sun" (1946), "Portrait of Jennie" (1948) for which he won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor, "The Third Man" (1949) and "Niagara" (1953). One of his final films was Michael Cimino's "Heaven's Gate" (1980).


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Multiple film critics and media outlets have cited him as one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Joseph Cotten was born in 1905 in Petersburg, Virginia, the first of three boys born for Joseph Cheshire Cotten Sr., an assistant postmaster, and Sally Willson Cotten. He grew up in the Tidewater region and showed an aptitude for drama and a gift for storytelling.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: In 1923, when Cotten was 18, his family arranged for him to receive private lessons at the Hickman School of Expression in Washington, D.C., and underwrote his expenses.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten earned spending money playing professional football on Sundays, for $25 a quarter. After graduation, he earned enough money as a lifeguard at Wilcox Lake to pay back his family's loan, with interest.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: He moved to Miami in 1925 and worked as an advertising salesman for "The Miami Herald" at $35 a week. He started performing at the Miami Civic Theatre, and worked there for five years, also reviewing the shows for the "Herald".


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten moved to New York and went to work for David Belasco as an assistant stage manager. He understudied Melvyn Douglas in "Tonight or Never" then took over Douglas' role for the Copley Theatre in Boston, where he worked on over 30 plays.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten struggled to find work in the depression so turned to modeling under the Walter Thornton Model Agency and acting in industrial films. He also performed on radio. Cotten made his Broadway debut in 1932 in "Absent Friends" which ran for 88 performances.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: He followed it with "Jezebel" (1933), staged by Katherine Cornell and Guthrie McClintic, which only had a short run.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: In 1934, Cotten met and became friends with Orson Welles, a fellow cast member on CBS Radio's "The American School of the Air". Welles regarded Cotten as a brilliant comic actor, and gave him the starring role in his Federal Theatre Project farce, " Horse Eats Hat" (September 26 – December 5, 1936). Cotten was sure that "Horse Eats Hat" won him the notice of his future Broadway co-star, Katharine Hepburn.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten said Welles later told him "You're very lucky to be tall and thin and have curly hair. You can also move about the stage without running into the furniture. But these are fringe assets, and I'm afraid you'll never make it as an actor. But as a star, I think you well might hit the jackpot."


title: Joseph Cotten

text: In 1937, Cotten became an inaugural member of Welles's Mercury Theatre company, starring in its Broadway productions "Caesar" as Publius; it ran for 157 performances.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: He followed it with "The Shoemaker's Holiday" (1938) and "Danton's Death" (1938) for Welles. Cotten also performed in radio dramas presented on "The Mercury Theatre on the Air" and "The Campbell Playhouse".


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten made his film debut in the Welles-directed short, "Too Much Johnson", a comedy that was intended to complement the aborted 1938 Mercury stage production of William Gillette's 1894 play. The film was never screened in public and was lost until 2008 (and then screened in 2013 at the Pordenone Silent Film Festival).


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten returned to Broadway in 1939, creating the role of C. K. Dexter Haven opposite Katharine Hepburn's Tracy Lord in the original production of Philip Barry's "The Philadelphia Story". The play ran for 417 performances at the Shubert Theatre, and in the months before its extensive national tour a film version was to be made by MGM. Cotten went to Hollywood, but discovered there that his stage success in "The Philadelphia Story" translated to, in the words of his agent Leland Hayward, "spending a solid year creating the Cary Grant role." Hayward suggested that they call Cotten's good pal, Orson Welles. "He's been making big waves out here", Hayward said. "Maybe nobody in Hollywood ever heard of the Shubert Theatre in New York, but everybody certainly knows about the Mercury Theatre in New York."


title: Joseph Cotten

text: After the success of Welles's "War of the Worlds" 1938 Halloween radio broadcast, Welles gained a unique contract with RKO Pictures. The two-picture deal promised full creative control for the young director below an agreed budget limit, and Welles's intention was to feature the Mercury Players in his productions. Shooting had still not begun on a Welles film after a year, but after a meeting with writer Herman J. Mankiewicz Welles had a suitable project.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: In mid-1940, filming began on "Citizen Kane", portraying the life of a press magnate (played by Welles) who starts out as an idealist but eventually turns into a corrupt, lonely old man. The film featured Cotten prominently in the role of Kane's best friend Jedediah Leland, eventually a drama critic for one of Kane's papers.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: When released on May 1, 1941, "Citizen Kane" – based in part on the life of William Randolph Hearst – did not do much business at theaters; Hearst owned numerous major newspapers, and forbade them to carry advertisements for the film. Nominated for nine Academy Awards in 1942, the film won only for Best Screenplay, for Mankiewicz and Welles. "Citizen Kane" launched the film careers of the Mercury Players, including Agnes Moorehead (who played Kane's mother), Ruth Warrick (Kane's first wife), and Ray Collins (Kane's political opponent). However, Cotten was the only one of the four to find major success as a lead in Hollywood outside of "Citizen Kane"; Moorehead and Collins became successful character film actors and Warrick spent decades in a career in daytime television.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Alexander Korda then hired Cotten to play Merle Oberon's leading man in "Lydia" (1941). "I didn't care about the movies, really", Cotten said later. "I was tall. I had curly hair. I could talk. It was easy to do."


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten starred in Welles's adaptation and production of "The Magnificent Ambersons" (1942). After the commercial disappointment of "Citizen Kane", RKO was apprehensive about the new film, and after poor preview responses, cut it by nearly an hour before its release. Though at points the film appeared disjointed, it was well received by critics. Despite the critical accolades Cotten received for his performance, he was again snubbed by the Academy.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten was cast in the Nazi-related thriller "Journey into Fear" (1943) based on the novel by Eric Ambler. It was originally scripted by Ben Hecht but Welles, who was supervising, disliked it, and he rewrote it with Cotten. Released by RKO, the Mercury production was directed by Norman Foster. It was a collaborative effort due to the difficulties shooting the film and the pressures related to Welles's imminent departure to South America to begin work on "It's All True".


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Alfred Hitchcock hired Cotten to play a charming serial killer in "Shadow of a Doubt" (1943). It was made for Universal Pictures, for whom Cotten then appeared in "Hers to Hold" (1943), as Deanna Durbin's leading man.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: After Welles's return he and Cotten co-produced "The Mercury Wonder Show" for members of the U.S. armed services. Opening August 3, 1943, the all-star magic and variety show was presented in a tent at 9000 Cahuenga Boulevard in Hollywood. Featured were Welles (Orson the Magnificent), Cotten (Jo-Jo the Great), Rita Hayworth (forced to quit by Columbia Pictures boss Harry Cohn and replaced by Marlene Dietrich), Agnes Moorehead (Calliope Aggie) and others. Tickets were free to servicemen, and more than 48,000 of them had seen show by September 1943.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: In late 1943, Cotten visited Welles's office and said that producer David O. Selznick wanted to make two or three films with him, but that he wanted him under his own contract. Welles then tore up Cotten's contract with Mercury Productions, saying, "He can do more for you than I can. Good luck!" Cotten signed a long-term deal with Selznick.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Selznick loaned out Cotten and Ingrid Bergman to MGM for the thriller "Gaslight" (1944) which was a major hit. Selznick then put Cotten in a wartime drama "Since You Went Away" (1944) alongside Claudette Colbert, Jennifer Jones and Shirley Temple; it was another major success.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Selznick followed this up by teaming Cotten with Ginger Rogers and Temple in "I'll Be Seeing You" (1945), another melodrama. Hal Wallis borrowed Cotten and Jones to make "Love Letters" (1945). Exhibitors voted him the 17th most popular star in the United States in 1945.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Selznick used Cotten, Jennifer Jones and Gregory Peck in "Duel in the Sun" (1946), an epic Western that was hugely popular at the box office.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Dore Schary, who had worked for Selznick, went to run RKO and hired Cotten for "The Farmer's Daughter" (1947), where he was Loretta Young's leading man. Cotten then made "Portrait of Jennie" (1948) for Selznick, co starring with Jones; Cotten played a melancholy artist who becomes obsessed with a girl who might have died many years before. His performance won Cotten the International Prize for Best Actor at the 1949 Venice International Film Festival.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten was reunited with Welles in "The Third Man" (1949), produced by Korda and Selznick. Cotten portrays a writer of pulp fiction who travels to postwar Vienna to meet his friend Harry Lime (Welles). When he arrives, he is told that Lime has died. Determined to prove to the police that his friend was murdered, he uncovers an even darker secret. Years later, Cotten would say “Orson Welles lists "Citizen Kane" as his best film, Alfred Hitchcock opts for "Shadow of a Doubt", and Sir Carol Reed chose "The Third Man" – and I’m in all of them.”


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten then reunited with Hitchcock and Ingrid Bergman in "Under Capricorn" (1949) as an Australian landowner with a shady past; it was a box office disappointment. So too was "Beyond the Forest" (1949) with Bette Davis at Warner Bros.


title: Joseph Cotten

text: Cotten co-starred with Joan Fontaine in "September Affair" (1950) for Hal Wallis. Selznick loaned him to 20th Century Fox for the dark Civil War Western "Two Flags West" (1950), then to RKO for "Walk Softly, Stranger" (1950, shot in 1948) which reunited him with Alida Valli from "The Third Man". It was a huge flop.