text: Itini i katimo no Sahara-Tafotafokan a Afrika, o mamalacemahaday-kitakit(developing country) ko Sifo’an-Konis-Nocikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit, o sakakaay a sapili’etan o nipaloman a losay, o sakakaay a nipasadakan a paliwal a losay o koko, do’edo sa o kafi. Yo halafin makowan no Roma a kitakit, toyanan a mihecaan tada o manikaway, cinganganay i “Sasafaay ko kacemahad a kitat(最低度開發國家;IIkiris a sowal:Least developed country，nikawrira, i 1996 mihecaan makera ko kaso-simal i kemod no riyar.