text: [2] "Besides Turkey, there were six Great Powers during the late nineteenth century: Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany." Sowards, Steven W. Lecture 10: The Great Powers and the Eastern Question. Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History (The Balkans in the Age of Nationalism). [14 February 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-14）.