text: I sa’ayaway a picingcingan itiya, o tilidan no Amilika saheto o palata’ang to micingcingay ato Europe a kitakit a nikaira a sakanga’ay no fa^elohay a sera. Halo pitooran a kalaliyangan. Nanoya itini i pifelihan a kalalood ato sapisiked no Amilika, ci Benjamin Franklin ato Thomas Paine mitilid to pakayniay sician a tilid ato sician a sapisangil, mapalowad ko Fa^elohay kitakit a sapisiikedan a hirateng. Matilid ko misiikeday a saratoh ikor mala congtong no Amilika ci ThomasJefferson mapala o sa’ayaway matanengay mitiliday no Amilika. Do’edo sato i 1812 miheca a kalalood ato misiikeday a tilid a kangalayan, adihay ko fa^elohay, tadamaanay a mitiliday no Amilika ci Edgar Allan Poe a masadak a tadamaan. O kasiwtocan ko mifadesay a telek ato kadado’edo no laloma'ay no kitakit a lalood mapakasangil sapisiikedaw a tilid no Amilika, tangasa i 19 sician, macowat to ko kikayan ko sakatayal ato paherek ko sapimatangan a romi’ad, o salitilidan no Amilika malasawaday to ko nano o cililisay a tilidan, ci Mark Twain malasakacecay o caayay ko kawaliay a hekal no riyar a tadamaanay mitiliday, mapalalan to ko no niyah i Amilikaay mitiliday. No Inkiris a mitiliday ci Maugham to nano nitilidan ni Melville a “kahecalay ’iso a tilid” o satadamaanay i hekal a mo^etepay a nitilidan, o ikakaay ho ni Mark Twain ko katadamaan.