Want to build your own programming language? LLVM is a tool for building and optimizing compilers and forms the backbone of many languages like Rust, Swift, CUDA, C, and C++. 

#compsci #programming #100SecondsOfCode

🔗 Resources

LLVM https://llvm.org
LLVM Kaleidoscope Tutorial https://llvm.org/docs/tutorial/
C++ in 100 Seconds https://youtu.be/MNeX4EGtR5Y
Rust in 100 Seconds https://youtu.be/5C_HPTJg5ek


🔥 Get More Content - Upgrade to PRO

Upgrade to Fireship PRO at https://fireship.io/pro
Use code lORhwXd2 for 25% off your first payment. 

🎨 My Editor Settings

- Atom One Dark 
- vscode-icons
- Fira Code Font

🔖 Topics Covered

- LLVM tutorial
- What is LLVM? 
- Who created LLVM? 
- How to build a programming language from scratch
- What are the main parts of a compiler?
- How do compliers work?
- Lexer vs Parser
2024-02-04T05:26:09.372Z
nova-2
2-general-nova
2024-01-09.29447
30089e05-99d1-4376-b32e-c263170674af
786de47b-4061-4c2b-956e-a367d6a70538
cd254b03a2860aee239695d52d42afac73bfbc7b035d92d8ee4b1012098a7f4c
67875a7f-c9c4-48a0-aa55-5bdb8a91c34a
deprecated
LLVM, a toolkit used to build and optimize compilers.
Building a programming language from scratch is hard.
You have humans who want to write code in a nice simple syntax, then machines that need to run it on all sorts of architectures.
LLVM standardizes the extremely complex process of turning source code into machine code.
It was created in 2003 by grad student Chris Lattner at the University of Illinois, and today, it's the magic behind Clang for c and c plus plus as well as languages like Rust, Swift, Julia, and many others.
Most importantly, it represents high level source code in a language plastic code called Intermediate Representation or IR.
This means vastly different languages like CUDA and Ruby produce the same IR, allowing them to share tools for analysis and optimization before they're converted to machine code for a specific chip architecture.
A compiler can be broken down into 3 parts.
The front end parses the source code text and converts it into IR.
The middle end analyzes and optimizes this generated code.
And finally, the back end converts the IR into native machine code.
To build your own programming language from scratch right now, install LLVM, then create a c plus plus file.
Now envision the programming language syntax of your dreams.
To make that high level code work, you'll first need to write a lexer to scan the raw source code and break it into a collection of tokens, like literals, identifiers, keywords, operators, and so on.
Next, we'll need to define an abstract syntax tree to represent the actual structure of the code and how different tokens relate to each other, which is accomplished pushed by giving each node its own class.
3rd, we need a parser to loop over each token and build out the abstract syntax tree.
If you made it this far, congratulations, because the hard part is over.
Now we can import a bunch of LLVM primitives to generate the intermediate representation.
Each type in the abstract syntax tree is given a method called cogen, which always returns an LLBM value object used to represent a single assignment register, which is a variable for the compiler that can only be assigned once.
What's interesting about these IR primitives is that unlike assembly, they're independent of any particular machine architecture, and that dramatically simplifies things for language developers who no longer need to match the output to a processor's instruction set.
Now that the front end can generate IR, the opt tool is used to analyze and optimize the generated code.
It fixed multiple passes over the IR and does things like dead code elimination and scalar replacement of aggregates.
And finally, that brings us to the back end, where we write a module that takes IR as an input that emits object code that can run on any architecture.
Congratulations.
You just built your own custom programming language and compiler in 100 seconds.
Hit the like button and subscribe if you wanna see more short videos like this.
Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.

Speaker 0: LLVM, a toolkit used to build and optimize compilers. Building a programming language from scratch is hard. You have humans who want to write code in a nice simple syntax, then machines that need to run it on all sorts of architectures. LLVM standardizes the extremely complex process of turning source code into machine code. It was created in 2003 by grad student Chris Lattner at the University of Illinois, and today, it's the magic behind Clang for c and c plus plus as well as languages like Rust, Swift, Julia, and many others.

Most importantly, it represents high level source code in a language plastic code called Intermediate Representation or IR. This means vastly different languages like CUDA and Ruby produce the same IR, allowing them to share tools for analysis and optimization before they're converted to machine code for a specific chip architecture. A compiler can be broken down into 3 parts. The front end parses the source code text and converts it into IR. The middle end analyzes and optimizes this generated code.

And finally, the back end converts the IR into native machine code. To build your own programming language from scratch right now, install LLVM, then create a c plus plus file. Now envision the programming language syntax of your dreams. To make that high level code work, you'll first need to write a lexer to scan the raw source code and break it into a collection of tokens, like literals, identifiers, keywords, operators, and so on. Next, we'll need to define an abstract syntax tree to represent the actual structure of the code and how different tokens relate to each other, which is accomplished pushed by giving each node its own class.

3rd, we need a parser to loop over each token and build out the abstract syntax tree. If you made it this far, congratulations, because the hard part is over. Now we can import a bunch of LLVM primitives to generate the intermediate representation. Each type in the abstract syntax tree is given a method called cogen, which always returns an LLBM value object used to represent a single assignment register, which is a variable for the compiler that can only be assigned once. What's interesting about these IR primitives is that unlike assembly, they're independent of any particular machine architecture, and that dramatically simplifies things for language developers who no longer need to match the output to a processor's instruction set.

Now that the front end can generate IR, the opt tool is used to analyze and optimize the generated code. It fixed multiple passes over the IR and does things like dead code elimination and scalar replacement of aggregates. And finally, that brings us to the back end, where we write a module that takes IR as an input that emits object code that can run on any architecture. Congratulations. You just built your own custom programming language and compiler in 100 seconds.

Hit the like button and subscribe if you wanna see more short videos like this. Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
LLVM, a toolkit used to build and optimize compilers. Building a programming language from scratch is hard. You have humans who want to write code in a nice simple syntax, then machines that need to run it on all sorts of architectures. LLVM standardizes the extremely complex process of turning source code into machine code. It was created in 2003 by grad student Chris Lattner at the University of Illinois, and today, it's the magic behind Clang for c and c plus plus as well as languages like Rust, Swift, Julia, and many others. Most importantly, it represents high level source code in a language plastic code called Intermediate Representation or IR. This means vastly different languages like CUDA and Ruby produce the same IR, allowing them to share tools for analysis and optimization before they're converted to machine code for a specific chip architecture. A compiler can be broken down into 3 parts. The front end parses the source code text and converts it into IR. The middle end analyzes and optimizes this generated code. And finally, the back end converts the IR into native machine code. To build your own programming language from scratch right now, install LLVM, then create a c plus plus file. Now envision the programming language syntax of your dreams. To make that high level code work, you'll first need to write a lexer to scan the raw source code and break it into a collection of tokens, like literals, identifiers, keywords, operators, and so on. Next, we'll need to define an abstract syntax tree to represent the actual structure of the code and how different tokens relate to each other, which is accomplished pushed by giving each node its own class.
programming
software development
computer science
languages
software
ideologies
3rd, we need a parser to loop over each token and build out the abstract syntax tree. If you made it this far, congratulations, because the hard part is over. Now we can import a bunch of LLVM primitives to generate the intermediate representation. Each type in the abstract syntax tree is given a method called cogen, which always returns an LLBM value object used to represent a single assignment register, which is a variable for the compiler that can only be assigned once. What's interesting about these IR primitives is that unlike assembly, they're independent of any particular machine architecture, and that dramatically simplifies things for language developers who no longer need to match the output to a processor's instruction set. Now that the front end can generate IR, the opt tool is used to analyze and optimize the generated code. It fixed multiple passes over the IR and does things like dead code elimination and scalar replacement of aggregates. And finally, that brings us to the back end, where we write a module that takes IR as an input that emits object code that can run on any architecture. Congratulations. You just built your own custom programming language and compiler in 100 seconds. Hit the like button and subscribe if you wanna see more short videos like this. Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
programming
software development
computer science
software
architecture
video gaming
animation
LLVM, a toolkit used to build and optimize compilers. Building a programming language from scratch is hard. You have humans who want to write code in a nice simple syntax, then machines that need to run it on all sorts of architectures. LLVM standardizes the extremely complex process of turning source code into machine code. It was created in 2003 by grad student Chris Lattner at the University of Illinois, and today, it's the magic behind Clang for c and c plus plus as well as languages like Rust, Swift, Julia, and many others. Most importantly, it represents high level source code in a language plastic code called Intermediate Representation or IR. This means vastly different languages like CUDA and Ruby produce the same IR, allowing them to share tools for analysis and optimization before they're converted to machine code for a specific chip architecture. A compiler can be broken down into 3 parts. The front end parses the source code text and converts it into IR. The middle end analyzes and optimizes this generated code. And finally, the back end converts the IR into native machine code. To build your own programming language from scratch right now, install LLVM, then create a c plus plus file. Now envision the programming language syntax of your dreams. To make that high level code work, you'll first need to write a lexer to scan the raw source code and break it into a collection of tokens, like literals, identifiers, keywords, operators, and so on. Next, we'll need to define an abstract syntax tree to represent the actual structure of the code and how different tokens relate to each other, which is accomplished pushed by giving each node its own class. 3rd, we need a parser to loop over each token and build out the abstract syntax tree. If you made it this far, congratulations, because the hard part is over. Now we can import a bunch of LLVM primitives to generate the intermediate representation. Each type in the abstract syntax tree is given a method called cogen, which always returns an LLBM value object used to represent a single assignment register, which is a variable for the compiler that can only be assigned once. What's interesting about these IR primitives is that unlike assembly, they're independent of any particular machine architecture, and that dramatically simplifies things for language developers who no longer need to match the output to a processor's instruction set. Now that the front end can generate IR, the opt tool is used to analyze and optimize the generated code. It fixed multiple passes over the IR and does things like dead code elimination and scalar replacement of aggregates. And finally, that brings us to the back end, where we write a module that takes IR as an input that emits object code that can run on any architecture. Congratulations. You just built your own custom programming language and compiler in 100 seconds. Hit the like button and subscribe if you wanna see more short videos like this. Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
LLVM,
llvm
a
a
toolkit
toolkit
used
used
to
to
build
build
and
and
optimize
optimize
compilers.
compilers
Building
building
a
a
programming
programming
language
language
from
from
scratch
scratch
is
is
hard.
hard
You
you
have
have
humans
humans
who
who
want
want
to
to
write
write
code
code
in
in
a
a
nice
nice
simple
simple
syntax,
syntax
then
then
machines
machines
that
that
need
need
to
to
run
run
it
it
on
on
all
all
sorts
sorts
of
of
architectures.
architectures
LLVM
llvm
standardizes
standardizes
the
the
extremely
extremely
complex
complex
process
process
of
of
turning
turning
source
source
code
code
into
into
machine
machine
code.
code
It
it
was
was
created
created
in
in
2003
2003
by
by
grad
grad
student
student
Chris
chris
Lattner
lattner
at
at
the
the
University
university
of
of
Illinois,
illinois
and
and
today,
today
it's
it's
the
the
magic
magic
behind
behind
Clang
clang
for
for
c
c
and
and
c
c
plus
plus
plus
plus
as
as
well
well
as
as
languages
languages
like
like
Rust,
rust
Swift,
swift
Julia,
julia
and
and
many
many
others.
others
Most
most
importantly,
importantly
it
it
represents
represents
high
high
level
level
source
source
code
code
in
in
a
a
language
language
plastic
plastic
code
code
called
called
Intermediate
intermediate
Representation
representation
or
or
IR.
ir
This
this
means
means
vastly
vastly
different
different
languages
languages
like
like
CUDA
cuda
and
and
Ruby
ruby
produce
produce
the
the
same
same
IR,
ir
allowing
allowing
them
them
to
to
share
share
tools
tools
for
for
analysis
analysis
and
and
optimization
optimization
before
before
they're
they're
converted
converted
to
to
machine
machine
code
code
for
for
a
a
specific
specific
chip
chip
architecture.
architecture
A
a
compiler
compiler
can
can
be
be
broken
broken
down
down
into
into
3
3
parts.
parts
The
the
front
front
end
end
parses
parses
the
the
source
source
code
code
text
text
and
and
converts
converts
it
it
into
into
IR.
ir
The
the
middle
middle
end
end
analyzes
analyzes
and
and
optimizes
optimizes
this
this
generated
generated
code.
code
And
and
finally,
finally
the
the
back
back
end
end
converts
converts
the
the
IR
ir
into
into
native
native
machine
machine
code.
code
To
to
build
build
your
your
own
own
programming
programming
language
language
from
from
scratch
scratch
right
right
now,
now
install
install
LLVM,
llvm
then
then
create
create
a
a
c
c
plus
plus
plus
plus
file.
file
Now
now
envision
envision
the
the
programming
programming
language
language
syntax
syntax
of
of
your
your
dreams.
dreams
To
to
make
make
that
that
high
high
level
level
code
code
work,
work
you'll
you'll
first
first
need
need
to
to
write
write
a
a
lexer
lexer
to
to
scan
scan
the
the
raw
raw
source
source
code
code
and
and
break
break
it
it
into
into
a
a
collection
collection
of
of
tokens,
tokens
like
like
literals,
literals
identifiers,
identifiers
keywords,
keywords
operators,
operators
and
and
so
so
on.
on
Next,
next
we'll
we'll
need
need
to
to
define
define
an
an
abstract
abstract
syntax
syntax
tree
tree
to
to
represent
represent
the
the
actual
actual
structure
structure
of
of
the
the
code
code
and
and
how
how
different
different
tokens
tokens
relate
relate
to
to
each
each
other,
other
which
which
is
is
accomplished
accomplished
pushed
pushed
by
by
giving
giving
each
each
node
node
its
its
own
own
class.
class
3rd,
3rd
we
we
need
need
a
a
parser
parser
to
to
loop
loop
over
over
each
each
token
token
and
and
build
build
out
out
the
the
abstract
abstract
syntax
syntax
tree.
tree
If
if
you
you
made
made
it
it
this
this
far,
far
congratulations,
congratulations
because
because
the
the
hard
hard
part
part
is
is
over.
over
Now
now
we
we
can
can
import
import
a
a
bunch
bunch
of
of
LLVM
llvm
primitives
primitives
to
to
generate
generate
the
the
intermediate
intermediate
representation.
representation
Each
each
type
type
in
in
the
the
abstract
abstract
syntax
syntax
tree
tree
is
is
given
given
a
a
method
method
called
called
cogen,
cogen
which
which
always
always
returns
returns
an
an
LLBM
llbm
value
value
object
object
used
used
to
to
represent
represent
a
a
single
single
assignment
assignment
register,
register
which
which
is
is
a
a
variable
variable
for
for
the
the
compiler
compiler
that
that
can
can
only
only
be
be
assigned
assigned
once.
once
What's
what's
interesting
interesting
about
about
these
these
IR
ir
primitives
primitives
is
is
that
that
unlike
unlike
assembly,
assembly
they're
they're
independent
independent
of
of
any
any
particular
particular
machine
machine
architecture,
architecture
and
and
that
that
dramatically
dramatically
simplifies
simplifies
things
things
for
for
language
language
developers
developers
who
who
no
no
longer
longer
need
need
to
to
match
match
the
the
output
output
to
to
a
a
processor's
processor's
instruction
instruction
set.
set
Now
now
that
that
the
the
front
front
end
end
can
can
generate
generate
IR,
ir
the
the
opt
opt
tool
tool
is
is
used
used
to
to
analyze
analyze
and
and
optimize
optimize
the
the
generated
generated
code.
code
It
it
fixed
fixed
multiple
multiple
passes
passes
over
over
the
the
IR
ir
and
and
does
does
things
things
like
like
dead
dead
code
code
elimination
elimination
and
and
scalar
scalar
replacement
replacement
of
of
aggregates.
aggregates
And
and
finally,
finally
that
that
brings
brings
us
us
to
to
the
the
back
back
end,
end
where
where
we
we
write
write
a
a
module
module
that
that
takes
takes
IR
ir
as
as
an
an
input
input
that
that
emits
emits
object
object
code
code
that
that
can
can
run
run
on
on
any
any
architecture.
architecture
Congratulations.
congratulations
You
you
just
just
built
built
your
your
own
own
custom
custom
programming
programming
language
language
and
and
compiler
compiler
in
in
100
100
seconds.
seconds
Hit
hit
the
the
like
like
button
button
and
and
subscribe
subscribe
if
if
you
you
wanna
wanna
see
see
more
more
short
short
videos
videos
like
like
this.
this
Thanks
thanks
for
for
watching,
watching
and
and
I
i
will
will
see
see
you
you
in
in
the
the
next
next
one.
one
success
The speaker explains that LLVM is a toolkit used to optimize code in programming language. It standardizes the process of turning source code into machine code, allowing for efficient optimization and sharing tools for analysis. The front end parses the code text and creates an abstract syntax tree, while the middle end breaks down the code into a collection of tokens and uses a method called cogen to create an intermediate code. The output of the code is the abstract syntax tree, and the back end writes a module that takes it and creates a custom code file.
LLVM in 100 Seconds
LLVM, a toolkit used to build and optimize compilers. Building a programming language from scratch is hard. You have humans who want to write code in a nice simple syntax, then machines that need to run it on all sorts of architectures. LLVM standardizes the extremely complex process of turning source code into machine code. It was created in 2003 by grad student Chris Lattner at the University of Illinois, and today, it's the magic behind Clang for c and c plus plus as well as languages like Rust, Swift, Julia, and many others. Most importantly, it represents high level source code in a language plastic code called Intermediate Representation or IR. This means vastly different languages like CUDA and Ruby produce the same IR, allowing them to share tools for analysis and optimization before they're converted to machine code for a specific chip architecture. A compiler can be broken down into 3 parts. The front end parses the source code text and converts it into IR. The middle end analyzes and optimizes this generated code. And finally, the back end converts the IR into native machine code. To build your own programming language from scratch right now, install LLVM, then create a c plus plus file. Now envision the programming language syntax of your dreams. To make that high level code work, you'll first need to write a lexer to scan the raw source code and break it into a collection of tokens, like literals, identifiers, keywords, operators, and so on. Next, we'll need to define an abstract syntax tree to represent the actual structure of the code and how different tokens relate to each other, which is accomplished pushed by giving each node its own class. 3rd, we need a parser to loop over each token and build out the abstract syntax tree. If you made it this far, congratulations, because the hard part is over. Now we can import a bunch of LLVM primitives to generate the intermediate representation. Each type in the abstract syntax tree is given a method called cogen, which always returns an LLBM value object used to represent a single assignment register, which is a variable for the compiler that can only be assigned once. What's interesting about these IR primitives is that unlike assembly, they're independent of any particular machine architecture, and that dramatically simplifies things for language developers who no longer need to match the output to a processor's instruction set. Now that the front end can generate IR, the opt tool is used to analyze and optimize the generated code. It fixed multiple passes over the IR and does things like dead code elimination and scalar replacement of aggregates. And finally, that brings us to the back end, where we write a module that takes IR as an input that emits object code that can run on any architecture. Congratulations. You just built your own custom programming language and compiler in 100 seconds. Hit the like button and subscribe if you wanna see more short videos like this. Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
The speaker explains that LLVM is a toolkit used to optimize code in programming language. It standardizes the process of turning source code into machine code, allowing for efficient optimization and sharing tools for analysis. The front end parses the code text and creates an abstract syntax tree, while the middle end breaks down the code into a collection of tokens and uses a method called cogen to create an intermediate code. The output of the code is the abstract syntax tree, and the back end writes a module that takes it and creates a custom code file.