 Sharp writes that it is perhaps best interpreted as "out-and-out fantasy".Kumashiro also took breaks from the Roman Porno genre to direct mainstream films, beginning with "Bitterness of Youth" (1974), a story of student radicalism with similarities to Dreiser's "An American Tragedy" (1925).Other such films include "Light of Africa" (1975) for Toho and "Jigoku" (1979), a remake of Nobuo Nakagawa's 1960 film "Jigoku", for Toei.