 Under the influence of the era's nationalism, in 1859 the Confraternity was transformed to a German seminary and renamed the "Collegio Teutonico di Santa Maria dell'Anima", which later served as a Ratline to aid Nazi war criminals such as Gustav Wagner and Franz Stangl in their flight from justice.Dutch Catholics retained the "Anima" as their national church, but after extended conflicts left it in 1939 (since 1992 the San Michele dei Frisoni near the Vatican has taken that role).The inscriptions found in Santa Maria dell'Anima, a valuable source illustrating the history of the church, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.