 A 2012 survey of foreign-language learners by the Japan Foundation found 4,270 teachers teaching the Japanese language to 155,939 students at 1,449 different institutions, an increase of 10.4% in the number of students since the 2009 survey.The quality and focus of dialogues in Japanese textbooks meant for English-speakers has changed since the 1970s.The earliest Japanese language instruction in the United States was aimed at heritage speakers.