 Farthing discovered that this free flutter could automatically cease for high wind protection and developed floating and pile based models for pumping surface and well water as well as compressing air with auxiliary battery charging.McKinney and DeLaurier  in 1981 proposed a system called "wingmill", based on a rigid horizontal airfoil with articulated pitching and plunging to extract energy from the flow.This system has stimulated Moores in 2003 to conduct further investigations on applications of such idea.