 On the other end of spectrum, suggests that Proto-Indo-European reconstructions are just "a set of reconstructed formulae" and "not representative of any reality".In the same vein Julius Pokorny in his study on Indo-European claims that the linguistic term "IE parent language" is merely an abstraction that does not exist in reality, and it should be understood as consisting of dialects possibly dating back to the paleolithic era, in which these very dialects formed the linguistic structure of the IE language group.In his view, Indo-European is solely a system of isoglosses which bound together dialects which were operationalized by various tribes, from which the historically attested Indo-European languages emerged.