 The case for his authorship is founded on Hilduin's involvement in the first civil war between Louis and his sons in 830.In that year, he left the emperor's service to join the sons’ uprising and was subsequently banished, which would account for the termination of the annals.His increasing distaste for Louis would also correspond with the veiled negativity towards the emperor which surfaces in the later entries of the annal, in the form of faint praise and the recording of omens and disasters.