 Horkheimer argued, in contrast, that critical theory possessed a reflexive element lacking in the positivistic traditional theory.Some scholars today hold the beliefs critiqued in Horkheimer's work, but since the time of his writing critiques of positivism, especially from philosophy of science, have led to the development of postpositivism.This philosophy greatly relaxes the epistemological commitments of logical positivism and no longer claims a separation between the knower and the known.