 Deng Tong (鄧通) was a wealthy businessman who had a close personal relationship with Emperor Wen of the Han dynasty.During a period of 3 years, Emperor Wen had allowed Deng Tong to privately produce Ban Liang cash coins.In order to differentiate his cash coins from those that were officially cast by the imperial government, Deng Tong added extra metal above and below the square centre hole of these Ban Liang cash coins.