 In some of the worst cases, teachers were tortured and murdered by the former Cristero rebels.It is calculated that approximately 300 rural teachers were murdered in that way between 1935 and 1939, and other authors calculate that at least 223 teachers were victims of the violence between 1931 and 1940, including the assassinations of Carlos Sayago, Carlos Pastraña, and Librado Labastida in Teziutlán, Puebla, the hometown of President Manuel Ávila Camacho; the execution of a teacher, Carlos Toledano, who was burned alive in Tlapacoyan, Veracruz; and the lynching of at least 42 teachers in the state of Michoacán.J.