 The occupation authority ordered the creation of the new Jewish Councils known as the "Judenräte" which acted as bridges between the Nazis and the prisoner population of the ghettos.In addition to managing basic services such as communal kitchens, infirmaries, post offices and vocational schools, common tasks of the "Judenräte" included providing the Nazi regime with slave labor, and rounding up quotas of Jews for "resettlement in the East," a euphemism for deportations to extermination camps in the deadliest phase of the Holocaust.On October 13, 1939, the Nazi "Amtsleiter" in Łódź appointed Rumkowski the "Judenältester" ("Chief Elder of the Jews"), head of the "Ältestenrat" ("Council of Elders").