 Mapping specialists are typically educated up to the Bachelor's or Master's level and are employed by either a cardiac electrophysiology company or the clinic.Often a certification by the International Board of Heart Rhythm Examiners (IBHRE) as a Certified Electrophysiology Specialist (CEPS) is necessary.Cardiac electrophysiologists specialize in a sub-area of electrophysiology, which in turn is a sub-area of physiology.