 In 2003, Mohammad Gani, a pupil of Leontief, introduced consistency analysis in his book "Foundations of Economic Science", which formally looks exactly like the input–output table but explores the dependency relations in terms of payments and intermediation relations.Consistency analysis explores the consistency of plans of buyers and sellers by decomposing the input–output table into four matrices, each for a different kind of means of payment.It integrates micro and macroeconomics into one model and deals with money in a value-free manner.