 The obvious solution to this problem is to bend the cylinder around into a donut shape, or torus, so that the lines form a series of continual rings.In this arrangement, the particles circle endlessly.Sakharov discussed the concept with Igor Tamm, and by the end of October 1950 the two had written a proposal and sent it to Igor Kurchatov, the director of the atomic bomb project within the USSR, and his deputy, Igor Golovin.