 Rwabugiri conquered several smaller states, expanded the kingdom west and north, and initiated administrative reforms; these included "ubuhake", in which Tutsi patrons ceded cattle, and therefore privileged status, to Hutu or Tutsi clients in exchange for economic and personal service, and "uburetwa", a corvée system in which Hutu were forced to work for Tutsi chiefs.Rwabugiri's changes caused a rift to grow between the Hutu and Tutsi populations.The Twa were better off than in pre-Kingdom days, with some becoming dancers in the royal court, but their numbers continued to decline.