 At least part of the increase in production is because of new mines opening up in Rwanda.However it is true, as has frequently been observed, that the increase is also because of the fraudulent re-export of Congolese coltan.In addition to the well-publicised involvement in this trade of the Rwandan Defence Force (RDF), another important factor in the coltan re-export is that international dealers are under pressure not to buy from the DRC, thus increasing the incentive for DRC coltan to be re-exported as Rwanda's.