 On February 1, 1999, Judge Lowell A. Reed Jr. of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania granted a preliminary injunction blocking COPA enforcement.In 1999, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit upheld the injunction and struck down the law, ruling that it was too broad in using "community standards" as part of the definition of harmful materials.In May 2002, the Supreme Court reviewed this ruling in "Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union" (2002), and found the given reason insufficient and returned the case to the Circuit Court.