 Some of the naval personnel at the BETASOM submarine base in Bordeaux remained loyal to Mussolini.The fall of the Fascist regime in Italy and the disbandment of the MVSN saw the establishment of the Republican National Guard ("Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana" or GNR), the Republican Police Corps ("Corpo di Polizia Repubblicana") and the emergence of the Black Brigades ("brigate nere").The GNR consisted of former MVSN, carabinieri, soldiers, Italian Africa Police and others still loyal to the Fascist cause, while the Republican Police Corps was the successor agency of the Public security complex formed by the Directorate of Public Security and the Public Security Agents Corps.