 There are, however, almost infinite possibilities for the interpretation of "Treatise" that fall within the implications of the piece and general principles of experimental music performance in the late 1960s, including presentation as visual art and map-reading (Anderson 2006).Subsequently Cardew embraced Maoism and wholeheartedly repudiated this and other works of his avant-garde period.A savage indictment of "Treatise" may be seen in a speech delivered by Cardew at the ‘International Symposium on the Problematic of Today’s Musical Notation’ held in Rome in October 1972, as transcribed in his highly polemical book "Stockhausen Serves Imperialism" (1974), available in PDF format at UBUweb.