 An individual PMC can be read by applying a small voltage across the cell.As long as the applied read voltage is less than both the programming and erasing voltage threshold, the direction of the bias is not significant.CBRAM differs from metal-oxide ReRAM in that for CBRAM metal ions dissolve readily in the material between the two electrodes, while for metal-oxides, the material between the electrodes requires a high electric field causing local damage akin to dielectric breakdown, producing a trail of conducting defects (sometimes called a "filament").