 Because Li Jing was a historically successful general, the tactics and strategies discussed in "Questions and Replies" must be considered the theoretical product of actions tested and employed in battles critical to the establishment of the Tang dynasty, if it is indeed wholly or even partly the product of Li Jing's thoughts.The historical evidence for "Questions and Replies"' authorship is unclear, but the available evidence largely refutes the tradition attributing it directly to Li Jing.Based on its earliest surviving bibliographical references, most modern historians consider "Questions and Replies" to be the product of either the late Tang (618-907 AD) or early Song (960-1279 AD) dynasties.