 These are traditionally enumerated as (1) the “"causa materialis," the material, the matter out of which" something is made; (2) the "“causa formalis," the form, the shape into which the material enters”; (3) the “"causa finalis," the end, in relation to which [the thing] required is determined as to its form and matter"; and (4) the ""causa efficiens", which brings about the effect that is the finished [thing]”.Heidegger concludes that “[w]hat technology is, when represented as a means, discloses itself when we trace instrumentality back to fourfold causality".To explain this, Heidegger uses the example of a silver chalice.