 However, IKK-α has many additional cellular targets, and is thought to function independently of the NF-κB pathway to regulate epidermal differentiation.IKK-α is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family and forms a complex in the cell with IKK-β and NEMO.NF-κB transcription factors are normally held in an inactive state by the inhibitory proteins IκBs.