 She developed the ladder as a typology, with eight rungs ranging from various degrees of nonparticipation, to degrees of tokenism, and ultimately, citizen power.Her critical assault on planning methods of the time has informed policies affecting the growth and change in participatory methods, broadening access to planning processes.A 1971 U.S. Department of Transportation publication summarized seminars where professional planners, public administrators, and citizens debated the idea of participatory planning.