 More recent and larger studies

All azhdarchoids which are part of the clade formed by "Quetzalcoatlus" and "Tupuxuara" are included in the group Neoazhdarchia ("new azhdarchids") as defined by Unwin in 2003.In 2003 Unwin also defined the clade Tapejaroidea, which he defined as the most recent common ancestor and all descendants of "Tapejara", "Quetzalcoatlus", and "Dsungaripterus".There are competing theories of azhdarchoid phylogeny.