 Dr Heather Proctor (formerly at the University of Toronto, now at the University of Alberta) studied the courtship behaviour of "Neumania papillator", and noticed that male leg trembling caused females (who were in the 'net stance') to orient towards and then often clutch the male.This did not damage the male or deter further courtship; the male then deposited spermatophores and began to vigorously fan and jerk his fourth pair of legs over the spermatophore, generating a current of water that passed over the spermatophores and towards the female, for about 60 seconds.Sperm packet uptake by the female would sometimes follow.