 When multiple males were with one female no antagonism is displayed between males in the trembling stage of courtship - but as soon as one male deposits spermatophores, often a second male tramples on the spermatophores and then attempts to interfere with the other male's fanning - the latter an attempt to stop pheromones from the fanning male's spermatophore from reaching the female.Water mite sex ratios are often biased towards females in the wild - but Proctor found a disharmony between sex ratios of "Neumania papillator" in the field and in laboratory conditions, with male biased sex ratios in the field and female biased sex ratios in the laboratory.Possible explanations for the male-biased field sex ratio were differential predation (predators eating females more than males proportionally) or it could have been caused by susceptibility to starvation, however these were refuted experimentally