 A major novelist of the late 19th century, Hardy, after the adverse criticism of his last novel, "Jude the Obscure", concentrated on publishing poetry.On the other hand, another significant transitional figure between Victorians and modernists, the late-19th-century novelist, Henry James (1843–1916), continued to publish major works into the 20th century.James, born in the US, lived in Europe from 1875, and became a British citizen in 1915.