 XML also has a standardized Canonical XML form which is specifically designed to facilitate cryptographic hashing, and neutralizes minor syntactic variations such as insignificant whitespace, platform-specific line-ends, order of attributes, etc.Popular formats such as JSON and Semantic Web formats are often, though not always, much less readable in raw form to non-programmers such as jurists, and much more subject to unbounded syntactic but not semantic variation.Smart contracts, as defined in the work of Nick Szabo are an abstract concept relating to the automated performance of an already agreed contract, whereas the Ricardian contract is a design pattern to capture the intent of the agreement of the parties, before its performance.