 Some 'hacks' against eExams use cooling of the computer RAM to 0 degrees Celsius, when the contents can be preserved for about 45 seconds.This is irrelevant if the exam question paper is published after the assessment and open source software is used (since the material is put in the public domain anyway).These criticisms have been answered by a risk tree comparison with paper-based examinations, finding the typing and handwriting in examinations are similarly secure.