 These include incarceration in the United States and its effects on crime, the effectiveness of prison religion programs, and the effects of individuals often being punished with fines for breaking certain laws.Clear has served as president of the American Society of Criminology (2008-2009), The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (1999-2000), and The Association of Doctoral Programs in Criminology and Criminal Justice (1998-2006).In 2004, he received the Bruce Smith Sr. Award from the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences; in 2007, he received the Herbert Bloch Award from the American Society of Criminology.