 The main difference between DCCC and other types of countercurrent chromatography techniques is that there is no vigorous mixing of phases to enhance the mass transfer of compounds that allows them to distribute between the two phases.In 1951 Kies and Davis described an apparatus similar to the DCCC.They created a series of open tubes that were arranged in a cascade to either drip a more dense phase through an less dense stationary phase or, conversely, a less dense phase could be introduced into the bottom of the tube to dribble through the more dense phase.