 There are many secondary effects of climate change and sea level rise particular to island nations.According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service climate change in the Pacific Islands will cause "continued increases in air and ocean surface temperatures in the Pacific, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and increased rainfall during the summer months and a decrease in rainfall during the winter months".This would entail distinct changes to the small, diverse, and isolated island ecosystems and biospheres present within many of these island nations.