 John Crawfurd in 1836 attempted an account of the "taxes on knowledge" total, including amounts for taxation of paper and advertisements, and postal charges.The "war of the unstamped" saw nearly 800 people imprisoned.In 1834 the stamp duty was abolished on pamphlets; and in 1836 newspaper duty was reduced to 1"d"., from 4"d"., by Thomas Spring Rice as Chancellor of the Exchequer.