 The year 1836 also saw the creation of the Provincial Newspaper Society, a trade association later called the Newspaper Society, which came to oppose further fiscal reform, as did "The Times".John Francis of "The Athenaeum" was a persistent campaigner against taxes affecting publications, as they stood in the later 1830s, including paper duty at 1½"d".per pound, and advertisement duty at a flat rate of 1"s".