 The excess, denoted "E"("H"), of a Hadamard matrix "H" of order "n" is defined to be the sum of the entries of "H".The excess satisfies the bound

If "n" = 4"u"2 is the order of a regular Hadamard matrix, then the excess is ±8"u"3 and the row and column sums all equal ±2"u".It follows that each row has 2"u"2 ± "u" positive entries and 2"u"2 ∓ "u" negative entries.