 Three years later, he became a senior school inspector.From 1993 to 1995 he was the chief of staff ("directeur de cabinet") to Education Minister François Bayrou, from 1995 to 1997 advisor to Prime Minister Alain Juppé for education and culture matters, and from 1995 to 1998, along with François Bayroux and Claude Allègre, he was the president of school inspectors.From 1996 to 1999 he was also a Professor in comparative literature at the Paris IV University.