 Other governmental groups and universities soon followed, and quickly began to use the equipment due to its balance of accuracy, low cost, light weight, and availability.From 1999 through 2004, research groups such as Virginia Tech, Penn State, and Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas Southern University and others began to use PEMS in border crossing projects, roadway evaluations, traffic control methods, before-and-after scenarios, and ferries, planes, and off-road vehicles, to explore what was possible outside of a lab environment.A project performed in April 2002 by the California Air Resources Board(CARB) - using non-1065 PEMS equipment, tested 40 trucks over a period of 2½ days; of which, 22 trucks were tested on road in Tulare, California.