 In the preface Jiao Yu claims to describe gunpowder weapons that had seen use since 1355 during his involvement in the Red Turban Rebellion and revolt against the Yuan dynasty, while the oldest material found in his text dates to 1280.A second and third volume to the "Huolongjing" known as "Huolongjing Erji" ("Fire Dragon Manual Volume Two") and "Huolongjing Sanji" ("Fire Dragon Manual Volume Three") were published in 1632 with content describing weapons such as the musket and breech-loading cannons.After the end of the Ming dynasty, the Qing dynasty outlawed reprinting of the "Huolongjing" for using expressions such as 'northern barbarians,' which offended the ruling Manchu elite.