 Governmental agencies like United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), European Union, and various states and private entities have begun to use PEMS in order to reduce both the costs and time involved in making mobile emissions decisions.Leo Breton of the US EPA invented the Real-time On-road Vehicle Emissions Reporter (ROVER) in 1995.The first commercially available device was invented by Michal Vojtisek-Lom, and developed by David Miller of Clean Air Technologies International (CATI) Inc. in Buffalo, New York in 1999.