 The county was created in 1917 by the state legislature with a partition of Blaine County on February 6.It is named for the camas root, or Camassia, a lily-like plant with an edible bulb found in the region, that Native Americans and settlers used as a food source.As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,117, making it the second-least populous county in the state (trading places with Clark County).