 Those involved believed that intellectual activities should benefit all, not just the elites.Cai's belief that art could play a public, socially reformist role was adopted by Lin Fengmian林風眠(1900-1991).Together with Yan Wenliang 顏文樑(1893-1988), Xu, Liu, and Lin were considered the " Four Great Academy Presidents 四大校長," who spearheaded the national modern art movement.