 Taneli Kukkonen argues in the "Oxford Handbook of Medieval Philosophy" that "what Augustine's and Anselm's mix of eternalist and presentist, tenseless and tensed language tells is that medieval philosophers saw no need to choose sides" the way modern philosophers do.Augustine of Hippo wrote that God is outside of time—that time exists only within the created universe.Thomas Aquinas took the same view, and many theologians agree.