 These kingdoms were based on leases between village rulers ("Datu") and landlords ("Lakan") or Rajahs, to whom tributes and taxes were levied.These kingdoms were coastal thalassocracies based on trade with neighboring Asian political entities at that time.There was also a Buddhist polity known as Ma-i or Maidh, described in Chinese and Bruneian records in the 10th century AD, although its location is still unknown and scholars are divided on whether it is in modern-day Bay, Laguna or Bulalacao, Mindoro.