 Where, however, the type of military action, with which an individual does not wish to be associated, is condemned by the international community as contrary to basic rules of human conduct, punishment for desertion or draft-evasion could, in the light of all other requirements of the definition, in itself be regarded as persecution.Air Commodore Lionel Charlton, of the British Royal Air Force (RAF), served in the military from 1898 to 1928.In 1923 he "selectively" refused to serve in the RAF Iraq Command.