 Such painters were, however, not separated from formal schools of painting, but were usually well-versed in artistic styles and techniques.Ma Quan, for example, modelled her brushwork on Song dynasty examples.Simultaneously, the boneless technique (), thought to have originated as a preparatory step when painting gold-line images during the Tang, was continued by painters like Yun Shouping (1633–1690) and his descendant Yun Bing.