 During the years 1890–1893 when he was most engaged with the theatre, James wrote a good deal of theatrical criticism and assisted Elizabeth Robins and others in translating and producing Henrik Ibsen for the first time in London.Leon Edel argued in his psychoanalytic biography that James was traumatised by the opening night uproar that greeted "Guy Domville", and that it plunged him into a prolonged depression.The successful later novels, in Edel's view, were the result of a kind of self-analysis, expressed in fiction, which partly freed him from his fears.