 In 1979, Warner formed a joint venture with credit card company American Express, Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, which owned such cable channels as MTV, Nickelodeon, The Movie Channel, and VH1 (which was launched in 1985 on the channel space left by Turner's Cable Music Channel).Warner bought out American Express's half in 1984, and sold the venture a year later to the original iteration of Viacom, which renamed it MTV Networks (now known as ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks).In 1982, Warner purchased Popular Library from CBS Publications.