 Lindbergh always championed military strength and alertness.He believed that a strong defensive war machine would make America an impenetrable fortress and defend the Western Hemisphere from an attack by foreign powers, and that this was the U.S. military's sole purpose.Berg writes that while the attack on Pearl Harbor came as a shock to Lindbergh, he did predict that America's "wavering policy in the [[Philippines]]" would invite a bloody war there, and in one speech warned, "we should either fortify these islands adequately, or get out of them entirely."