 In an order issued on August 8, 2012, U.S. District Court Judge Alan Kay rejected the plaintiffs' claims and granted defendants' motion for summary judgment, upholding Hawaii's ban on same-sex marriage.Judge Kay's ruling became the first court decision to cite the "New Family Structure" research of Mark Regnerus, research discredited by the American Sociological Association as well as thoroughly rejected by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California during the "Hollingsworth v. Perry" trial.The plaintiffs in "Jackson" appealed Judge Kay's ruling to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, now restyled as "Jackson v. Fuddy".