 The spectrum of a physician's inclusion of a patient into treatment decisions is well represented in Ulrich Beck's "World at Risk".At one end of this spectrum is Beck's Negotiated Approach to risk communication, in which the communicator maintains an open dialogue with the patient and settles on a compromise on which both patient and physician agree.A majority of physicians employ a variation of this communication model to some degree, as it is only with this technique that a doctor can maintain the open cooperation of his or her patient.