 Their dispute culminated in the Battle of Mühldorf on 28 September 1322, which was lost by Frederick.Louis' Italian expedition (1327–29), made in the spirit of righting the wrongs done to Henry, was also abortive.The legacy of Henry was clearest in the successful careers of two among the local despots he made Imperial Vicars in northern cities, Cangrande I della Scala of Verona and Matteo Visconti of Milan

Pisa was a Ghibelline city, which means that the city supported the Holy Roman Emperor.