 A 1999 report by Prof. Nigel Lowe of the Cardiff University Centre for International Family Law Studies in the U.K. raised concerns about children not being returned to their place of habitual residence because of a misunderstanding of what the term 'habitual residence' meant (i.e., rather than referring to restoration of the "status quo ante" the abduction, abducting parents argue that it refers to the "status quo" and they are more likely to be able to argue this point if they can delay the judicial process long enough).Lowe states, "courts need also to consider any undue parental influence on the child, either through deliberate indoctrination by the abducting parent or simply
by the natural inclination of many children to support a present parent against an absent
parent.