 The Judiciary Act and Bill of Rights thus counterbalanced each other, each guaranteeing respite from the excesses of the other.However, with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1865, seventy-five years later, the Bill of Rights could be brought to bear at all levels of government as interpreted by the judiciary with final appeal to the Supreme Court.Needless to say, this had not been the original intention of either Madison or Ellsworth.