 Henry II then abolished the March of Nordgau, established the Diocese of Bamberg in 1007, and transferred secular authority over the March's former territory to the Diocese in order to prevent further uprisings.The death of Otto III in 1002 and the resulting political turmoil over his successor allowed Italy to fall from German control.Margrave Arduin of Ivrea proclaimed himself King of Italy at Pavia soon after the Emperor's death.