 Finally, there is another invariant form, formed from the present tense and typically ending in "-ontas", which is variably called either a participle or a gerund by modern authors.It is historically derived from an old present participle, and its sole use today is to form non-finite adjunct adverbial clauses of time or manner, roughly corresponding to an "-ing" participle in English.The tables below exemplify the range of forms with those of one large inflectional class of verbs, the 1st Conjugation.