 On the other hand, there are theories of the existence of "absolute values", which can also be termed "noumenal values" (and not to be confused with mathematical absolute value).An absolute value can be described as philosophically absolute and independent of individual and cultural views, as well as independent of whether it is known or apprehended or not.Ludwig Wittgenstein was pessimistic towards the idea that an elucidation would ever happen regarding the absolute values of actions or objects; ""we can speak as much as we want about "life" and "its meaning," and believe that what we say is important.