 White politicians, looking to secure votes, began "buying" votes from black men in exchange for legal immunity, allowing vice in the black saloon district to thrive.The politicians also "bought" votes in the white saloon districts, but negative labeling of black men had framed their corruption as being "more" harmful, "more" dangerous, and "more" lawless than the same corruption from whites, despite blacks owning less than 3 percent of the city's saloons.Any offense, committed by blacks, was deemed "the fault" of black corruption, black saloons, black suffrage, and black upward mobility.