 He was a research fellow in pharmacology at the Chinese National Institute of Health for six years before joining the faculty of the National Shanghai Medical School in 1946.In 1949, he left China to enter graduate school at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.After receiving a Ph.D. in physiology in 1953, he was recruited by the University of Louisville as a Research Associate in Pharmacology, rising through the ranks to become Professor of Pharmacology in 1963.