 Al-Baghdadi's cookbook, "," was written in 1226 (in today's Iraq) and was based on a collection of 9th century Persian-inspired recipes.According to Gil Marks, Middle Eastern pastry makers developed the process of layering the ingredients; he asserts that "some scholars said they were influenced by Mongols or Turks".The only original manuscript of al-Baghdadi's book survives at the Library in Istanbul (Turkey) and according to Charles Perry, "for centuries, it had been the favorite cookbook of the Turks," though Perry also notes that the manuscript has no recipe for baklava.