 A survey by Promundo found that 16% of girls in North Kivu said they had been forced to have sex with their teachers.According to UNICEF, teachers in Mali are known to use "La menace du bic rouge" ("the threat of the red pen") or bad marks if girls do not accept sexual advances.According to Plan International, 16% of children in Togo, for instance, named a teacher as responsible for the pregnancy of a classmate.