 Additional benefits related to the regulation of inflammatory response and blunting of the adrenergic pathway probably contribute to the decreased incidence of POAF.The use of low dosage (5–10 μg/kg/min) is usually sufficient to rapidly control heart rate which is associated with earlier and higher rate of conversion to sinus rhythm as compared to the controls.The excellent tolerance of landiolol at lower dosage (3–5 μg/kg/min) allows to initiate prophylactic use during surgery and post-operatively.