 In studies of student sex abuse by male and female educators, male students were reported as targets in ranges from 23% to 44%.In U.S. school settings same-sex (female and male) sexual misconduct against students by educators "ranges from 18 to 28% of reported cases, depending on the study"

Significant underreporting of sexual abuse of boys by both women and men is believed to occur due to sex stereotyping, social denial, the minimization of male victimization, and the relative lack of research on sexual abuse of boys.Sexual victimization of boys by their mothers or other female relatives is especially rarely researched or reported.