 Landiolol prophylaxis is associated with reduced incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation without triggering adverse events related to a beta-blockade.Optimized infusion scheme with continuing landiolol infusion in the post-operative period seems to be associated with better response, while infusion limited to the intraoperative period may not be sufficient 

In patients with impaired left ventricular function (LVEF <40%, CI <2.5 L/min/m2, NYHA 3-4) e.g.after cardiac surgery, during ischemia or in sepsis states, lower doses starting from 1 microgram/kg BW/min and increased in a stepwise fashion under close blood pressure monitoring up to 10 μg/kg/min have been used to achieve heart rate control.