 McKinnell further proposes a connection between Irpa and Hel, stating that the two may have been seen as synonymous.Nora Chadwick (1950) suggested that mythical legends of Þorgerðr and Irpa have become confused and intertwined with historical accounts of Haakon's wife Þóra and her sister, Guðrún; and that the figure of the shieldmaiden Lagertha in the "Gesta" may also be an aspect of Þorgerðr.Lotte Motz (1993) proposed that Þorgerðr was a rare instance of a giantess who was the recipient of cultic worship in her own right in heathen Scandinavia.