 Not to be confused with Modern Stoicism, a similar movement in the early 21st century.Neostoicism was founded by Flemish humanist Justus Lipsius (1547–1606), who in 1584 presented its rules, expounded in his book "De constantia" ("On Constancy"), as a dialogue between Lipsius and his friend Charles de Langhe.In the dialogue, Lipsius and de Langhe explore aspects of contemporary political predicaments, by reference to the classical Greek and pagan Stoicism, in particular, as found in the Latin writings of Seneca.