"In the Netherlands, Provo was a counterculture movement that focused on "provocative direct action ('pranks' and 'happenings') to arouse society from political and social indifference..."

In France, the General Strike centered in Paris in May 1968 united French students, and nearly toppled the government.Kommune 1 or K1 was a commune in West Germany known for its bizarre staged events that fluctuated between satire and provocation.