 He served in the U.S. Army from 1942 to 1946, stationed in the South Pacific and the Philippine Islands.He received his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1950.He served in a variety of positions in the Eisenhower administration, including involvement in the Office of Defense Administration, the Committee on Government Organization, the Borrowing Authority Review Board, the President’s Advisory Committee on Government Organization, and the second Hoover Commission.