 According to a 2018 study in the journal "International Security", there is scant evidence that drone strikes in Pakistan radicalize at the local, national or transnational level.According to a 2016 study in "International Studies Quarterly", drone strikes are an effective counterterrorist tool in Pakistan.The study found that "drone strikes are associated with decreases in the incidence and lethality of terrorist attacks, as well as decreases in selective targeting of tribal elders."