 Several boreal countries are using the IFL concept in the context of forest certification.One of the categories of High Conservation Value Forest used by the Forest Stewardship Council is analogous to that of IFLs.The formulation used in the Canadian and Russian national FSC standards—globally, nationally, or regionally significant forest landscapes, un-fragmented by permanent infrastructure and of a size to maintain viable populations of most species—calls for IFL maps for implementation.