 The Shadhiliyyah lacked an institutional structure and was flexible in its religious thought, allowing it to easily adapt to its local environment.It incorporated Sunni Islamic piety with its basis in the Qur'an and "hadith", Sufi mysticism, and elements of popular religion such as sainthood, "ziyarat" (visitation) to the tombs of saintly or religious individuals, and "dhikr" (invocation of God).Other Sufi orders with large numbers of adherents were the Rifa'iyyah and Badawiyyah.