 In the epizootic phase of the disease, it usually takes red foxes four months to die after infection.Other endoparasites include "Demodex folliculorum", "Notoderes", "Otodectes cynotis" (which is frequently found in the ear canal), "Linguatula serrata" (which infects the nasal passages) and ringworms.Up to 60 helminth species are known to infect captive-bred foxes in fur farms, while 20 are known in the wild.