 Therefore, Pakistan toed a complicated alliance with Japan from 1951 through to 2010 with many ups and downs and setbacks.The Japanese so-called idea of the ‘arc of security and freedom’ floated in 2006 in cooperation with India and Australia, a leap forward to India in the shape of civil nuclear cooperation, and approving an India-specific concessions for the supply of nuclear plants and parts at the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) in 2008, have sent negative messages to Islamabad about the growing Indo-Japanese axis in the region.These developments introduced a paradigm shift in Pakistan-Japan relations.