 In recent years, the typical "palengke" has been supplanted by larger, more commercialized shopping centers.The rise of shopping malls and supermarkets have also been cited as threats to the old-school public markets.In a 2002 article, the president of the National Federation of Market Vendors Cooperatives, a cooperative of market vendors throughout the country, stated that the concept of the "palengke" was an integral part of Philippine culture.