 Mamluk Egypt was a major producer of textiles and a supplier of raw materials for Western Europe.However, the frequent outbreaks of the Black Plague led to a decline in the Mamluk territories' production of goods such as textiles, silk products, sugar, glass, soaps, and paper, which coincided with the Europeans' increasing production of these goods.Trade continued nonetheless and despite papal restrictions on trade with the Muslims during the Crusades.