 In its capacity as space, it also allows individuals from the upperground and individuals from the underground to meet, facilitating the transfer of ideas and people from one level to another.The policy implications of this theoretical framework are that, in order to harness the economic growth potential that creative industries bring with them, urban governments must foster the growth of the middleground and underground as well as the upperground.This can be done through urban planning initiatives that create spaces that can be used as a middleground, and policies that encourage the "creative class" that comprises the underground.