 During World War II, in part to offset the loss of carriers at the Battle of Midway, Japan rebuilt its s as hybrid carriers, placing the flight deck and hangar aft to replace the rear turrets, while retaining their main guns forward and amidships.The cruiser "Mogami" also had its rear gun turrets (which had been damaged at Midway) replaced by aircraft handling facilities.The German Kriegsmarine also studied several "Flugdeckkreuzer" (flight deck cruiser) designs in 1942 which included 20.3 cm (8 inch) or 28 cm (11 inch) gun turrets forward of the flight deck.