 African Americans Challenged and changed the Jazz culture within Seattle with great force.Changes to local regulations in 1949 prompted a shift from "private clubs" to "restaurant-lounge combinations" which "didn't support much in the line of creative nightlife" and even helped to drive out the city's jazz nightclub scene.Boeing emerged in the 1940s and 1950s as one of the city's largest employers, and, according to local music historian Clark Humphrey, helped give the city a reputation as "quiet, orderly (and) dull"; in the mid-1950s, "Seattle Post-Intelligencer" reporter Emmett Watson was asked to begin a column on Seattle's happenings, but he responded that there was nothing worth writing about.