 Only the Moscow factory "Moskovskiy Mototsikletniy Zavod" (MMZ, "Moscow motorcycle plant") produced any complete motorcycles prior to the German invasion in 1941 and commencement of the Eastern Front (World War II).The Moscow factory was moved east to the town of Irbit in Western Siberia and renamed "Irbit Motorcycle Factory" (IMZ).The Kharkiv and Leningrad factories were relocated to Gorkiy on the outskirts of the GAZ car/truck plant and renamed "Gorky Motorcycle Plant" -GMZ.