 They were later incorporated into two new universities created in 1911 in Lisbon and Oporto, which also absorbed Lisbon's former "Escola Politécnica" and "Curso Superior de Letras", and Oporto's "Academia Politécnica", which were reformed and upgraded their facilities in the same year.Other successive institutions were the IST - Instituto Superior Técnico and the "Instituto Superior de Comércio", successor of the former "Curso Superior de Comércio", (today ISEG - Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão), both born from the former Lisbon Institute of Industry and Commerce which originated the creation of university schools in 1911.With the advent of the Republic, the University of Lisbon and the University of Oporto were created in 1911.